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Replace "you can" with "you could" in OT

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Larry Sallee 2022-09-28 15:15:41 -04:00
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@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 1 4 emtw writing-background וְ⁠נָתַ֞ן 1 that he gave Beginning here and continuing until the middle of verse 7, the author provides background information and explains what took place repeatedly year after year. The author does this to help readers better understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1SA 1 5 xq4v translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠חַנָּ֕ה 1 But to Hannah **Hannah** is a woman’s name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 1 5 k5i7 מָנָ֥ה אַחַ֖ת אַפָּ֑יִם 1 one portion of two faces The phrase, **one portion of two faces** could mean: (1) Elkanah gave Hannah a double portion. Alternate translation: “a double portion” (2) Elkanah gave Hannah especially desirable portions of meat. Alternate translation: “a special portion”
1SA 1 5 b7ri figs-euphemism סָגַ֥ר רַחְמָֽ⁠הּ 1 had shut her womb The phrase **shut her womb** is used figuratively to mean that Yahweh had not allowed Hannah to become pregnant. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use a phrase that would be most natural in your language. Alternative translation: “made her barren” or “prevented her from becoming pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1SA 1 5 b7ri figs-euphemism סָגַ֥ר רַחְמָֽ⁠הּ 1 had shut her womb The phrase **shut her womb** is used figuratively to mean that Yahweh had not allowed Hannah to become pregnant. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use a phrase that would be most natural in your language. Alternative translation: “made her barren” or “prevented her from becoming pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1SA 1 5 cg80 translate-unknown מָנָ֥ה 1 portion Here, **portion** refers to the portion of meat that God let the people eat from the animal which they sacrificed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1SA 1 6 f5cg grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠כִֽעֲסַ֤תָּ⁠ה צָֽרָתָ⁠הּ֙ גַּם־כַּ֔עַס בַּ⁠עֲב֖וּר הַרְּעִמָ֑⁠הּ 1 And her rival would provoke her, even with provocation in order to cause her to thunder This means that Peninnah would intentionally seek ways to humiliate and mock Hannah so that she would feel emotionally disturbed and be greatly troubled in spirit. You can translate this in a way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Peninnah would intentionally provoke Hannah severely, for the purpose of hurting her feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1SA 1 6 f5cg grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠כִֽעֲסַ֤תָּ⁠ה צָֽרָתָ⁠הּ֙ גַּם־כַּ֔עַס בַּ⁠עֲב֖וּר הַרְּעִמָ֑⁠הּ 1 And her rival would provoke her, even with provocation in order to cause her to thunder This means that Peninnah would intentionally seek ways to humiliate and mock Hannah so that she would feel emotionally disturbed and be greatly troubled in spirit. you could translate this in a way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Peninnah would intentionally provoke Hannah severely, for the purpose of hurting her feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1SA 1 6 lrs0 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִֽעֲסַ֤תָּ⁠ה צָֽרָתָ⁠הּ֙ גַּם־כַּ֔עַס 1 And her rival would provoke her, even with provocation The word **provocation** is an abstract noun. If it would be more natural in your language you may translate this word using a verb phrase or adjective. Alternate translation: “And Peninnah would intentionally provoke Hannah severely” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
1SA 1 6 mw8a צָֽרָתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 her rival Here, **her rival** refers to Hannah’s rival Peninnah. It is probable that Elkanah took Peninnah as his second wife after Hannah was unable to bear children so that he could have offspring by Penninah. This would result in Hannah and Peninnah viewing each other as rivals. You can use a word or phrase that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his second wife” or“her co-wife”
1SA 1 6 gq73 figs-simile הַרְּעִמָ֑⁠הּ 1 cause her to thunder The phrase **cause her to thunder** is a figurative way of saying that Peninnah’s actions caused Hannah to be greatly irritated or troubled. The point of this comparison is that Peninnah would cause Hannah to be greatly bothered and disrupted in a way that is similar to the sky being disrupted to the point of thundering. You can communicate this in a way which would be most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1SA 1 6 mw8a צָֽרָתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 her rival Here, **her rival** refers to Hannah’s rival Peninnah. It is probable that Elkanah took Peninnah as his second wife after Hannah was unable to bear children so that he could have offspring by Penninah. This would result in Hannah and Peninnah viewing each other as rivals. you could use a word or phrase that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his second wife” or“her co-wife”
1SA 1 6 gq73 figs-simile הַרְּעִמָ֑⁠הּ 1 cause her to thunder The phrase **cause her to thunder** is a figurative way of saying that Peninnah’s actions caused Hannah to be greatly irritated or troubled. The point of this comparison is that Peninnah would cause Hannah to be greatly bothered and disrupted in a way that is similar to the sky being disrupted to the point of thundering. you could communicate this in a way which would be most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1SA 1 6 wy2z בְּעַ֥ד רַחְמָֽ⁠הּ 1 shut up her womb The phrase **shut up her womb** is a used figuratively to mean that Yahweh had not allowed Hannah to become pregnant. You can use a phrase that would be most natural in your language.<br>Alternative translation: “made her barren” or “prevented her from becoming pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1SA 1 7 bzk3 figs-go עֲלֹתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 she went up Here, **went up** indicates that in order to reach Shiloh, Elkanah had to travel from a lower location to a higher location because Shiloh was located in a mountainous region. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1SA 1 7 x38f writing-pronouns עֲלֹתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 she went up Here, **she** refers to Hannah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
@ -47,11 +47,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 1 14 m16w figs-rquestion עַד־מָתַ֖י תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִ֑י⁠ן 1 Until when will you make yourself drunk Eli is stating this in the form of a question for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or as an exclamation. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 1 15 dcnb writing-politeness אֲדֹנִ֔⁠י 1 my master The phrase **my master** is a way of politely or respectfully addressing someone. If you have an equivalent term or phrase in your language, consider using that. Alternate translation: “my lord” or “sir” (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness]])
1SA 1 15 qnz5 figs-idiom קְשַׁת־ר֨וּחַ֙ 1 difficult of spirit The phrase **difficult of spirit** is a Hebrew idiom. Alternative translation: “troubled of spirit” or “very unhappy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 1 15 fzi6 figs-idiom וָ⁠אֶשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖⁠י 1 but I have been pouring out my soul The phrase **pouring out** refers to emptying the contents of what is inside something. Here it is used figuratively, and so the phrase **pouring out my soul** means telling Yahweh one’s troubles or deepest emotions. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but I have been telling my troubles” or “but I have been telling my deepest emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 1 15 fzi6 figs-idiom וָ⁠אֶשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖⁠י 1 but I have been pouring out my soul The phrase **pouring out** refers to emptying the contents of what is inside something. Here it is used figuratively, and so the phrase **pouring out my soul** means telling Yahweh one’s troubles or deepest emotions. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but I have been telling my troubles” or “but I have been telling my deepest emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 1 15 irvy figs-idiom לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י 1 before the face of The phrase **before the face of** is a Hebrew idiom. It is used to show that something takes place in front of or in the presence of someone or something else. It is used here to show that Hannah was praying in the presence of Yahweh. Use the term or phrase in your language that would most naturally communicate that something takes place in front of someone or in the presence of someone. Alternate translation: “in the presence of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 1 16 a5rz figs-123person אֲמָ֣תְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 your female servant Hannah speaks of herself in the third person to show humility. If your readers would misunderstand this you may use a first person pronoun here. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1SA 1 16 wxf5 writing-politeness אֲמָ֣תְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 your female servant Here, Hannah calls herself Eli’s **female servant** as a humble way of showing respect. Hannah was not actually Eli’s servant. If you have an equivalent term or phrase in your language consider using it here if it would be natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness]])
1SA 1 16 lf9r figs-abstractnouns מֵ⁠רֹ֥ב שִׂיחִ֛⁠י וְ⁠כַעְסִ֖⁠י 1 from the abundance of my complaint and my provocation Here, Hannah tells Eli why she is praying the way that she is. Hannah uses three abstract nouns, **abundance,** **complaint,* and **provocation.** If your readers would misunderstand this you can translate these using verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. Alternate translation: “because I am very troubled, and my rival has greatly provoked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 1 16 lf9r figs-abstractnouns מֵ⁠רֹ֥ב שִׂיחִ֛⁠י וְ⁠כַעְסִ֖⁠י 1 from the abundance of my complaint and my provocation Here, Hannah tells Eli why she is praying the way that she is. Hannah uses three abstract nouns, **abundance,** **complaint,* and **provocation.** If your readers would misunderstand this you could translate these using verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. Alternate translation: “because I am very troubled, and my rival has greatly provoked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 1 17 a5u2 0 Then Eli answered Eli was the head priest residing over the tabernacle.
1SA 1 18 sl27 figs-123person 0 Let your servant find Hannah speaks of herself in the second person to show respect for Eli, the head priest. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “Let me, your servant, find” or “Let me find” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1SA 1 18 tu8x figs-metonymy 0 find favor in your eyes Here “find favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here the eyes are a metonym for sight, and seeing represents judging or deciding the value of something. Alternate translation: “evaluated me and approve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -126,18 +126,18 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 2 20 tc3y 0 because of the request she made of Yahweh Hannah had asked Yahweh for a baby and promised him that she would give the baby to serve in the temple.
1SA 2 21 k1xe 0 before Yahweh This means where Yahweh could see him and Samuel could learn about Yahweh.
1SA 2 22 lbj3 figs-euphemism 0 they were lying with the women This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “they were having sexual relations with the women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1SA 2 23 tv62 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you do such things? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is terrible that you do such things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 2 25 lkz7 figs-rquestion 0 who will speak for him? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is certainly no one who can speak for him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 2 23 tv62 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you do such things? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is terrible that you do such things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 2 25 lkz7 figs-rquestion 0 who will speak for him? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is certainly no one who can speak for him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 2 25 eb5j 0 speak for him Alternate translation: “ask Yahweh to have mercy on him”
1SA 2 25 cvx3 figs-synecdoche 0 the voice of their father Here the father’s “voice” represents the father. Alternate translation: “their father” or “what their father said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 2 27 f6z6 0 man of God This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a man who hears and tells words from God”
1SA 2 27 r882 figs-rquestion 0 Did I not reveal myself … house? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should know that I revealed myself … house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 2 27 r882 figs-rquestion 0 Did I not reveal myself … house? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should know that I revealed myself … house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 2 27 k8sr figs-metonymy 0 the house of your ancestor The word “house” is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. Alternate translation: “the family of your ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 2 27 u541 0 your ancestor Aaron
1SA 2 28 z66e 0 to go up to my altar, and to burn incense This refers to making an offering to Yahweh.
1SA 2 28 vv14 figs-metonymy 0 to wear an ephod before me The words “wear an ephod” are a metonym for the work of the priests who wear the ephod. Alternate translation: “to do what I had commanded the priests to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 2 29 tk44 0 Connecting Statement: The man of God continues to speak to Eli.
1SA 2 29 rx55 figs-rquestion 0 Why, then, do you scorn my sacrifices … live? This rhetorical question is a rebuke. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not scorn my sacrifices … where I live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 2 29 rx55 figs-rquestion 0 Why, then, do you scorn my sacrifices … live? This rhetorical question is a rebuke. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not scorn my sacrifices … where I live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 2 29 ai4j 0 the place where I live Alternate translation: “the place where my people bring offerings to me”
1SA 2 29 en93 0 making yourselves fat with the best of every offering The best part of the offering was to be burned up as an offering to Yahweh, but the priests were eating it.
1SA 2 30 b5d5 figs-metonymy 0 the house of your ancestor The word “house” is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 2:27](../02/27.md). Alternate translation: “the family of your ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 6 5 yp97 figs-metonymy 0 lift his hand from you, from your gods, and from your land Here “hand” is a metonym used to represent God’s power to afflict or discipline. Alternate translation: “stop punishing you, your gods and your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 6 6 ix9s figs-rquestion 0 Why should you harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? The priests and diviners use a rhetorical question to urge the Philistines to think very seriously about what will happen if they refuse to obey God. This can be translated as a warning. Alternate translation: “Do not be stubborn like the Egyptians and Pharaoh were!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 6 6 txz5 figs-idiom 0 harden your hearts This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuse to obey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 6 6 qg9r figs-rquestion 0 did not the Egyptians send away the people, and they left? This is another rhetorical question used to remind the Philistines how the Egyptians finally sent the Israelites out of Egypt so that God would stop afflicting the Egyptians. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “remember that the Egyptians sent the Israelites out of Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 6 6 qg9r figs-rquestion 0 did not the Egyptians send away the people, and they left? This is another rhetorical question used to remind the Philistines how the Egyptians finally sent the Israelites out of Egypt so that God would stop afflicting the Egyptians. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “remember that the Egyptians sent the Israelites out of Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 6 7 c676 0 two nursing cows Alternate translation: “two cows that have calves that are still drinking milk”
1SA 6 8 d3hf 0 Then send it off and let it go its own way Normally the two cows would head back home to their calves.
1SA 6 9 n756 0 if it goes … to Beth Shemesh, then it is Yahweh It is unlikely that the cows would choose to wander to Beth Shemesh when their calves are back in the Philistine area.
@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 9 17 g1vw 0 Yahweh told him Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Samuel”
1SA 9 18 pwf2 0 the seer Alternate translation: “the prophet of Yahweh”
1SA 9 20 fdy4 figs-rquestion 0 Then on whom are all the desires of Israel set? Is it not on you and all your father’s house? These questions are an expression of deep conviction that Saul is the one whom Yahweh wants to be the king that the Israelites are looking for. The questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You should know that it is on you that all the desires of Israel are set. They are set on you and your father’s family.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 9 21 z2ng figs-rquestion 0 Am not I a Benjamite … of Israel? Is not my clan … Benjamin? Why then have you spoken to me in this manner? Saul is expressing surprise because Benjamin was the smallest tribe in Israel, and other Israelites considered the tribe unimportant. Also, Benjamites considered the clan of which Saul was a member as unimportant. If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you can express them as statements. Alternate translation: “I am from the tribe of Benjamin, the least important of all tribes. And my clan is the least important clan in our tribe. I do not understand why you are saying that the Israelite people want me and my family to do something important.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 9 21 z2ng figs-rquestion 0 Am not I a Benjamite … of Israel? Is not my clan … Benjamin? Why then have you spoken to me in this manner? Saul is expressing surprise because Benjamin was the smallest tribe in Israel, and other Israelites considered the tribe unimportant. Also, Benjamites considered the clan of which Saul was a member as unimportant. If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you could express them as statements. Alternate translation: “I am from the tribe of Benjamin, the least important of all tribes. And my clan is the least important clan in our tribe. I do not understand why you are saying that the Israelite people want me and my family to do something important.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 9 22 wn3v 0 the hall The writer assumes that the reader knows that near the place where they would offer sacrifices there was a large building in which people would eat together.
1SA 9 22 rw25 0 head place This is the seat of honor.
1SA 9 22 tpy7 translate-numbers 0 thirty people “30 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 10 10 lyd4 figs-personification 0 the Spirit of God rushed upon him Samuel speaks as if the Spirit of Yahweh were a person running up to Saul and taking complete control of him. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/06.md). Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took complete control of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1SA 10 11 myw8 figs-rquestion 0 What has happened to the son of Kish? This could mean: (1) the people are asking for information or (2) this is a rhetorical question that means Saul is not important. Alternate translation: “Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 10 11 us3j 0 the son of Kish Alternate translation: “Saul, the son of Kish”
1SA 10 12 g5tt figs-rquestion 0 Then who is their father? This man uses a rhetorical question to remind people that being a prophet has nothing to do with who one’s parents are. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not matter who the parents of these other prophets are. What matters is that, amazingly, Saul is speaking messages from God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 10 12 g5tt figs-rquestion 0 Then who is their father? This man uses a rhetorical question to remind people that being a prophet has nothing to do with who one’s parents are. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not matter who the parents of these other prophets are. What matters is that, amazingly, Saul is speaking messages from God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 10 12 v7kp writing-proverbs 0 Because of this, it became a saying, “Is Saul also one of the prophets?” This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “And that is why, when people cannot believe some report, they think about what happened to Saul and say, ‘Is Saul really one of the prophets?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 10 14 kwk6 0 Then Saul’s uncle said to him Alternate translation: “Then the brother of Saul’s father said to Saul”
1SA 10 16 t8y5 0 he did not tell him about the matter of the kingdom Alternate translation: “Saul did not tell his uncle that God had appointed him to be the king of Israel”
@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 14 43 yi96 0 I will die This could mean: (1) “I am willing to die” or (2) “do I deserve to be executed because of doing that?”
1SA 14 44 bhu1 0 God do so and more also to me, if you do not die, Jonathan Saul makes a second foolish oath in less than one day. Alternate translation: “May God kill me if I do not kill you, Jonathan”
1SA 14 45 sym5 0 General Information: The Army defends and protects Jonathan from Saul.
1SA 14 45 q95l figs-rquestion 0 Should Jonathan die, who has accomplished this great victory for Israel? Far from it! The people scold Saul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has just accomplished this great victory for Israel. He should surely not die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 14 45 q95l figs-rquestion 0 Should Jonathan die, who has accomplished this great victory for Israel? Far from it! The people scold Saul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has just accomplished this great victory for Israel. He should surely not die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 14 45 et5x 0 As Yahweh lives The people were expressing their certainty that they would not let anything happen to Jonathan.
1SA 14 45 cdg3 figs-hyperbole 0 not one hair of his head will fall to the ground This exaggeration shows how the people of Israel would protect Jonathan and keep him safe. This litotes can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “we will protect him from any harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1SA 14 47 at51 0 General Information: For a brief period Saul served with great courage in defeating Israel’s enemies.
@ -647,8 +647,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 15 15 vin9 0 to sacrifice to Yahweh your God Saul is arguing that animals for sacrifice were an exception to Yahweh’s command to destroy everything.
1SA 15 15 a6ie 0 Yahweh your God Saul here does not describe Samuel’s God as his own God.
1SA 15 17 a18m figs-metaphor 0 in your own sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your own opinion” or “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 15 17 a7ji figs-rquestion 0 were you not made the head of the tribes of Israel? Samuel uses this question to remind Saul of now much God had given him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made you the ruler of the tribes of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 15 19 yu1z figs-rquestion 0 Why did you not obey … Yahweh? Samuel asks this question to rebuke Saul for disobeying Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have obeyed … Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 15 17 a7ji figs-rquestion 0 were you not made the head of the tribes of Israel? Samuel uses this question to remind Saul of now much God had given him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made you the ruler of the tribes of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 15 19 yu1z figs-rquestion 0 Why did you not obey … Yahweh? Samuel asks this question to rebuke Saul for disobeying Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have obeyed … Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 15 19 w3n7 figs-metonymy 0 the voice of Yahweh Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “the things that Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 15 19 x74v 0 but instead you seized the booty Samuel is accusing Saul of direct disobedience. Yahweh commanded Saul to completely destroy everything belonging to the Amalekites, and not to bring anything back to camp.
1SA 15 19 b9eg 0 the booty Alternate translation: “the plunder” or “the possessions you took from the enemy”
@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 15 21 v64h 0 But the people took This appears to be shifting the blame to the people.
1SA 15 21 kvf4 0 things devoted to destruction Alternate translation: “animals that Yahweh commanded them to destroy”
1SA 15 21 li5g translate-names 0 Gilgal This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 15 22 dp67 figs-rquestion 0 Has Yahweh as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of Yahweh? Samuel asks this question to emphasize that obedience is much more important than sacrifice. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying his voice!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 15 22 dp67 figs-rquestion 0 Has Yahweh as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of Yahweh? Samuel asks this question to emphasize that obedience is much more important than sacrifice. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying his voice!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 15 22 f8kc figs-metonymy 0 the voice of Yahweh Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “the things that Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 15 22 wen9 0 Obedience is better than sacrifice God wanted Saul’s complete obedience in the destruction of the Amalekites. Nothing in the land was fit for sacrifice.
1SA 15 22 u1dg 0 better than the fat of rams Alternate translation: “better than to sacrifice the fat of rams as a burnt offering”
@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 18 6 qct5 0 with tambourines A “tambourine” is a small handheld drum.
1SA 18 7 ii5a figs-ellipsis 0 David his ten thousands The verb may be supplied from the previous line. Alternate translation: “David has killed his ten thousands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1SA 18 8 lp8i 0 They have ascribed Alternate translation: “They have credited”
1SA 18 8 xi13 figs-rquestion 0 What more can he have but the monarchy? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The only thing left for him to have is the kingship.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 18 8 xi13 figs-rquestion 0 What more can he have but the monarchy? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The only thing left for him to have is the kingship.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 18 10 iyh1 0 a harmful spirit from God Here “harmful spirit” may refer to either “a spirit that causes trouble” or “an evil spirit.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:15](../16/15.md).
1SA 18 10 c8qe 0 a harmful spirit from God rushed upon Saul The phrase “rushed upon” means the harmful spirit influenced Saul. In this case it means it caused Saul to be troubled and act crazy. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/06.md).
1SA 18 10 me9n 0 he raved Alternate translation: “he acted crazy”
@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 19 1 u5h5 0 took great pleasure in David Jonathan greatly enjoyed being with David.
1SA 19 4 rf2u figs-pronouns 0 Do not let the king sin against his servant Jonathan speaks as if Saul is another person to show Saul that Jonathan respects Saul. Alternate translation: “Do not sin against your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 19 5 z29d figs-idiom 0 he took his life in his hand Here “life in his hand” is an idiom that refers to risking his life. Alternate translation: “he risked his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 19 5 q7ya figs-rquestion 0 Why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason? Jonathan asks this question to rebuke Saul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not sin against innocent blood and kill David without cause.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 19 5 q7ya figs-rquestion 0 Why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason? Jonathan asks this question to rebuke Saul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not sin against innocent blood and kill David without cause.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 19 5 ep2k figs-metonymy 0 sin against innocent blood Here “blood” is a metonym for the life of an innocent person. Alternate translation: “commit the sin of murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 19 6 mg7b figs-activepassive 0 he will not be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not put him to death” or “I will not kill him” or “I will certainly keep him alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 19 7 zv18 0 he was in his presence David was in Saul’s presence.
@ -893,8 +893,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 19 15 uu8k figs-explicit 0 Bring him up to me in the bed The reason why the men thought David was in bed can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If he really is too sick to come to me, bring me the bed with him in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 19 16 gw7d 0 pillow of goats’ hair See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 19:13](../19/13.md).
1SA 19 16 mmv5 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that the messengers were surprised by what they saw.
1SA 19 17 gw6j figs-rquestion 0 Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped? This could mean: (1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or (2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 19 17 g47n figs-rquestion 0 Let me go. Why should I kill you? Although David did not actually say this, Michal tells Saul that David threatened her with this question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will kill you if you do not help me to escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 19 17 gw6j figs-rquestion 0 Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped? This could mean: (1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or (2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 19 17 g47n figs-rquestion 0 Let me go. Why should I kill you? Although David did not actually say this, Michal tells Saul that David threatened her with this question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will kill you if you do not help me to escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 19 18 e48b 0 General Information: David flees to Samuel.
1SA 19 18 hj2z 0 Now This word is used here to show that the writer has started to tell a new part of the story.
1SA 19 19 v5b7 figs-activepassive 0 It was told to Saul If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -905,11 +905,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 19 24 tj4i writing-proverbs 0 This is why they ask, “Is Saul also among the prophets?” This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:12](../10/12.md). Alternate translation: “That is the reason that when people see someone doing something that is very unexpected, they say, ‘Is Saul also a prophet?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 19 24 knd8 0 they ask Here “they” refers to people in general. The question became a proverb among the people.
1SA 20 intro abck 0 # 1 Samuel 20 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jonathan warns David<br>David tells Jonathan that Saul is still trying to kill him. Jonathan promises to find out if this is true. When David misses dinner two consecutive days, Saul asks about him. Jonathan says that David went home for an annual sacrifice. Saul gets angry at Jonathan, telling him he will never be king unless they kill David. Saul throws his spear at Jonathan. Jonathan warns David to run away, but first they both promise to always be friends. It was usually a king’s son who became king after his death in the ancient Near East. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>David uses a powerful metaphor and an oath to impress Jonathan with the danger he is in: “But as truly as Yahweh lives, and as you live, there is but a step between me and death.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 20 1 tia6 figs-parallelism 0 What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks to take my life? These three questions mean basically the same thing. David uses them to emphasize that he has done nothing wrong to Saul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong. I have not committed any iniquity. I have not sinned against your father. He has no reason to take my life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 1 tia6 figs-parallelism 0 What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks to take my life? These three questions mean basically the same thing. David uses them to emphasize that he has done nothing wrong to Saul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong. I have not committed any iniquity. I have not sinned against your father. He has no reason to take my life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 1 g2ib figs-idiom 0 that he seeks to take my life? Here “take my life” is an idiom for “kill me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 20 2 e1je figs-idiom 0 Far from it Here “far from it” is an idiom that refers to that it is not true. Alternate translation: “This is certainly not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 20 2 jbn3 figs-merism 0 nothing either great or small The words “great or small” include everything in between. Alternate translation: “nothing at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1SA 20 2 w2w8 figs-rquestion 0 Why should my father hide this thing from me? Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that Saul would have told him if he planned to kill David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My father has no reason to hide this thing from me!” or “If this thing were true, my father would certainly let me know!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 2 w2w8 figs-rquestion 0 Why should my father hide this thing from me? Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that Saul would have told him if he planned to kill David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My father has no reason to hide this thing from me!” or “If this thing were true, my father would certainly let me know!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 2 rpv2 0 It is not so Alternate translation: “It is not true”
1SA 20 3 kn7z figs-metaphor 0 I have found favor in your eyes Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “I have pleased you” or “you consider me favorably” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 20 3 t6cz figs-activepassive 0 he will be grieved If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this will grieve him” or “he will be very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -924,15 +924,15 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 20 8 v33p 0 Connecting Statement: David continues speaking to Jonathan.
1SA 20 8 avp9 figs-pronouns 0 with your servant … have brought your servant David speak of himself in the third person as a form of humility. Alternate translation: “with me, your servant … have brought me, your servant” or “with me … have brought me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 20 8 ap89 figs-explicit 0 you have brought your servant into a covenant of Yahweh with you What it was that the two men agreed on can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh heard you when you made a solemn agreement with me that you and I will always be good friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 20 8 hbz6 figs-rquestion 0 for why then should you bring me to your father? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “then there would be no reason for you to bring me to your father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 8 hbz6 figs-rquestion 0 for why then should you bring me to your father? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “then there would be no reason for you to bring me to your father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 9 ge5b figs-idiom 0 Far be it from you! This is an idiom that means it will never happen to you. Alternate translation: “This will never happen to you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 20 9 lt9v figs-rquestion 0 would I not tell you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I would certainly tell you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 9 lt9v figs-rquestion 0 would I not tell you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I would certainly tell you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 12 vx7n 0 see Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1SA 20 12 ld4i 0 if there is good will Alternate translation: “if my father wants to do good things for you”
1SA 20 12 y3r1 figs-rquestion 0 will I not then send to you and make it known to you? Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that he will tell David if Saul intends to harm him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “then I will certainly send to you and make it known to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 12 y3r1 figs-rquestion 0 will I not then send to you and make it known to you? Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that he will tell David if Saul intends to harm him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “then I will certainly send to you and make it known to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 13 yn8n figs-idiom 0 may Yahweh do to Jonathan and more also This is an idiom. Jonathan uses this oath for emphasis and speaks of himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh do to me whatever harm my father intends to do to you, and even more than that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 20 14 q3ac 0 General Information: Jonathan asks David not to completely kill all his offspring so that a remnant will remain.
1SA 20 14 az7y figs-rquestion 0 will you not show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die? Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 14 az7y figs-rquestion 0 will you not show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die? Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 14 q324 figs-abstractnouns 0 show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh The abstract noun **faithfulness** can be stated as **faithful**. Here, **of Yahweh** could mean: (1) “be faithful to me as Yahweh is faithful” or (2) “be faithful to me as Yahweh requires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1SA 20 16 n5b7 figs-metonymy 0 house of David The word “house” is a metonym for the people who live in the house. Alternate translation: “David’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 20 16 wvm6 figs-synecdoche 0 May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of David The hand is a synecdoche for the person. This could mean: (1) “May Yahweh use David’s enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise” or (2) “May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 20 29 j146 figs-pronouns 0 the king’s table Jonathan speaks of Saul as if he is another person to show that he respects Saul. Alternate translation: “your table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 20 30 yn6q figs-metonymy 0 Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan Here “anger burned” is a metonym that refers to becoming very angry. Alternate translation: “Saul became very angry with Jonathan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 20 30 vv24 figs-idiom 0 You son of a perverse, rebellious woman! This is an idiom. Saul uses this phrase as a harsh rebuke to Jonathan and his concern for David. Alternate translation: “You stupid son of a prostitute” or “You stupid traitor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 20 30 yr6n figs-rquestion 0 Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse … mother’s nakedness? Saul uses this question to emphasize that he knows that Jonathan and David are friends. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse … mother’s nakedness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 30 yr6n figs-rquestion 0 Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse … mother’s nakedness? Saul uses this question to emphasize that he knows that Jonathan and David are friends. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse … mother’s nakedness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 20 30 g94g figs-idiom 0 to the shame of your mother’s nakedness Here “mother’s nakedness” is an idiom that refers to the mother who gave birth to you. Alternate translation: “to the shame of your mother who gave birth to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 20 31 zl6b figs-activepassive 0 neither you nor your kingdom will be established If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will not become king and will not establish your kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 20 32 ux46 figs-rquestion 0 For what reason should he be put to death? What has he done? Jonathan is trying to get Saul to think carefully about what he is doing. This can be translated as a statement, and the words “should he be put to death” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have no good reason to put him to death. He has done nothing wrong.” or “You have no good reason to kill him. He has done nothing wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -995,12 +995,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 21 8 wb13 0 weapons a general name for such things as swords, knives, bows and arrows, and spears
1SA 21 9 rpf7 translate-names 0 Valley of Elah This is the name of a place in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 21 11 zg9d figs-hyperbole 0 Is not this David, the king of the land? They were probably exaggerating when they said that David was king of the land. They used this question to imply that David was a powerful enemy and Achish should not let him stay there. Alternate translation: “You know that this is David, who is as dangerous as the king of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 21 11 sc99 figs-rquestion 0 Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, ‘Saul … thousands?’ If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when the people of the land were dancing, they sang to each other about him, ‘Saul … thousands.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 21 11 sc99 figs-rquestion 0 Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, ‘Saul … thousands?’ If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when the people of the land were dancing, they sang to each other about him, ‘Saul … thousands.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 21 12 rqg7 figs-metonymy 0 David took these words to heart Here “took … to heart” is a metonym to think seriously about what was said. Alternate translation: “David thought seriously about what the servants said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 21 13 ai6n figs-synecdoche 0 in their hands Here “hands” are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “in their presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 21 14 w6kd figs-rquestion 0 Why have you brought him to me? This could mean: (1) Achish demands that his servants explain why they have brought David to him or (2) Achish is scolding them with a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You should have known not to bring him to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 21 15 kl34 figs-rquestion 0 Do I lack madmen, so that you have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence? This rhetorical question is a rebuke. Alternate translation: “There are enough madmen here who waste my time. You should not have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1SA 21 15 k152 figs-rquestion 0 Will this fellow really come into my house? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not allow this fellow to enter my house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 21 15 k152 figs-rquestion 0 Will this fellow really come into my house? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not allow this fellow to enter my house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 22 intro abcm 0 # 1 Samuel 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There are two stories in this chapter: David gathering a group of followers and Saul having all the priests and their families killed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David assembles a force of unhappy people<br>David hides in the wilderness, and people in trouble come to him. Soon he has a force of 500 men. The prophet then tells him to leave the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Saul and the chief priest’s family<br>Doeg tells Saul that Ahimelech the priest gave David food and a sword and prayed for him. Saul accuses the priests of encouraging David to rebel. This is a serious accusation because the priests are God’s representatives and are rebelling against God’s king if the accusation is true. Saul has the priests and all their families killed except those who escape to David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
1SA 22 1 wbc2 0 cave a hollow space under the ground, generally opening into the side of a hill, large enough for people to enter
1SA 22 1 h42f translate-names 0 Adullam This is the name of a town near the city of Gath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1029,10 +1029,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 22 10 p71d 0 He prayed to Yahweh that he might help him, and he gave him Ahitub prayed to Yahweh that Yahweh might help David, and Ahitub gave David
1SA 22 13 vs5z 0 in that you have given Alternate translation: “by giving”
1SA 22 13 rp7f 0 rise up Alternate translation: “rebel” or “fight”
1SA 22 14 mme1 figs-rquestion 0 Who among all your servants is so faithful as David … house? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “None of your servants is as faithful as David … house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 22 14 mme1 figs-rquestion 0 Who among all your servants is so faithful as David … house? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “None of your servants is as faithful as David … house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 22 14 iy7u 0 bodyguard a person or group of people who protect someone
1SA 22 14 aui9 figs-metonymy 0 is honored in your house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom your family honors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1SA 22 15 sq72 figs-rquestion 0 Is today the first time I have prayed to God to help him? Ahimelech asks himself this question before Saul can ask it, then immediately answers it. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is not the first time I have prayed to God to help David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 22 15 sq72 figs-rquestion 0 Is today the first time I have prayed to God to help him? Ahimelech asks himself this question before Saul can ask it, then immediately answers it. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is not the first time I have prayed to God to help David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 22 15 aw6l figs-idiom 0 Far be it from me! This idiom means “Absolutely not!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 22 15 zpx3 figs-123person 0 Do not let the king impute anything to his servant or to all the house of my father. For your servant knows nothing Ahimelech speaks of himself in the third person as the “servant.” Ahimelech also refers to Saul in the third person as “the king.” Ahimelech speaks this way to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “Please, King Saul, do not consider me, your servant, or anyone in the house of my father to be guilty. For I know nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1SA 22 15 a249 0 impute to consider someone guilty
@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 23 intro abcn 0 # 1 Samuel 23 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Saul chases David<br>Saul wants to kill David, but David trusts in God who keeps rescuing him. David rescues the town of Keilah from the Philistines who are stealing their harvest. Saul goes to Keilah to capture David, but David flees to the wilderness near Ziph. When David goes deeper into the wilderness, Saul follows but he has to leave to fight the Philistines who have invaded the land. Saul’s pursuit of David shows that Saul cares more about killing his enemies than pleasing God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Synecdoche<br>Jonathan strengthens David with a synecdoche: “For the hand of Saul my father will not find you.” This helps to strengthen David’s faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
1SA 23 1 by75 translate-names 0 fighting against Keilah “Keilah” is the name of a town. Here “Keilah” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “fighting against the people of Keilah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 23 1 g4uk 0 threshing separating the grain or seeds, generally from a cereal plant or wheat by some mechanical means
1SA 23 3 e1kx figs-rquestion 0 How much more then if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We will be even more fearful if we go to Keilah to fight the armies of the Philistines.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 23 3 e1kx figs-rquestion 0 How much more then if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We will be even more fearful if we go to Keilah to fight the armies of the Philistines.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 23 5 ij1x figs-synecdoche 0 went … fought … led … struck … saved The writer pays the most attention to David, so these words are all singular, though David’s men helped him do all these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 23 6 jj3s translate-names 0 Ahimelech This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 23 7 fhu9 figs-activepassive 0 Saul was told This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Saul” or “They told Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 24 5 c41t figs-idiom 0 David’s heart afflicted him This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “David was sad because he had done something wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 24 6 w1fa 0 Yahweh’s anointed Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh has chosen to lead his people” or “the one Yahweh has made king”
1SA 24 6 p9l3 figs-metonymy 0 to put out my hand against him The hand is a metonym for the ability to cause harm. Alternate translation: “to harm him in any way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 24 9 n22d figs-rquestion 0 Why do you listen to the men who say, ‘See, David is seeking your harm? This is a rhetorical question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not listen to the men who say, ‘See, David is seeking to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 24 9 n22d figs-rquestion 0 Why do you listen to the men who say, ‘See, David is seeking your harm? This is a rhetorical question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not listen to the men who say, ‘See, David is seeking to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 24 10 v731 figs-synecdoche 0 your eyes have seen Here “your eyes” represent King Saul. Alternate translation: “you have seen with your own eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 24 10 xib3 figs-metonymy 0 put you into my hand The word “hand” is a metonym for control. Alternate translation: “put you where I could kill you or allow you to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 24 11 t3q9 0 my father Saul was not David’s real father. David calls him “father” to show that he respects Saul.
@ -1272,22 +1272,22 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 26 8 m51q figs-metonymy 0 God has put your enemy into your hand Abishai speaks as if the enemy were a small object that God had put into David’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power the hand can wield. Alternate translation: “God has given you complete control over your enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 26 8 lze4 figs-metonymy 0 pin him to the ground with the spear This is a metonym that refers to “kill with a spear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 26 8 n3y8 0 I will not strike him a second time Alternate translation: “I will kill him the first time I strike him” or “I will not need to strike him a second time”
1SA 26 9 ph1t figs-rquestion 0 who can extend his hand against Yahweh’s anointed one and be guiltless? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “No one can strike Yahweh’s anointed one and be without guilt.” or “Anyone who strikes Yahweh’s anointed one will be guilty of murder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1SA 26 9 ph1t figs-rquestion 0 who can extend his hand against Yahweh’s anointed one and be guiltless? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “No one can strike Yahweh’s anointed one and be without guilt.” or “Anyone who strikes Yahweh’s anointed one will be guilty of murder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1SA 26 10 c39s 0 As Yahweh lives Alternate translation: “as certainly as Yahweh lives” or “as surely as Yahweh lives”
1SA 26 10 s6yk 0 his day will come to die Alternate translation: “he will die a natural death”
1SA 26 11 gt6b figs-metonymy 0 extend my hand against The hand is a metonym for the harm a hand can do. Alternate translation: “do anything to harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 26 11 q6ty figs-exclusive 0 let us go David includes Abishai, so the word “us” here is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1SA 26 12 mj5c 0 a deep sleep from Yahweh had fallen on them Yahweh had caused them to sleep deeply.
1SA 26 14 qg15 figs-rquestion 0 Do you not answer, Abner? David uses a question to shame Abner into answering. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Answer me, Abner!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 14 qg15 figs-rquestion 0 Do you not answer, Abner? David uses a question to shame Abner into answering. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Answer me, Abner!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 14 i2zz 0 David shouted “David spoke as loudly as he could” so Saul and his men could hear him
1SA 26 15 e3xd figs-rquestion 0 Are not you a courageous man? David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. Alternate translation: “You are a very brave man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 15 it27 figs-rquestion 0 Who is like you in Israel? David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. Alternate translation: “You are the greatest soldier in Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 15 b9q7 figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you not kept watch over your master the king? This could mean: (1) this is a real question and David wants Abner to answer him or (2) this is a rhetorical question and David is rebuking Abner. Alternate translation: “Therefore you should have kept watch over your master the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 17 d5y6 figs-metaphor 0 my son Saul was not David’s true father. Saul speaks as if he were David’s father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 26 18 n2yf figs-rquestion 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My master has no reason to pursue his servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 18 n2yf figs-rquestion 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My master has no reason to pursue his servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 18 ah3m figs-123person 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? Here David speaks of Saul in third person calling him “my master,” and he speaks of himself in third person calling himself “his servant.” David speaks this way to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “Why are you, my master, pursuing me, your servant?” or “Why are you pursuing me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1SA 26 18 ljv3 figs-rquestion 0 What have I done? This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that I have done nothing to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 18 q2fg figs-metonymy 0 What evil is in my hand? This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here “hand” represents a person acting or doing something. This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong?” or (2) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 18 ljv3 figs-rquestion 0 What have I done? This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that I have done nothing to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 18 q2fg figs-metonymy 0 What evil is in my hand? This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here “hand” represents a person acting or doing something. This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong?” or (2) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 26 19 xsj9 figs-pronouns 0 you, let my master the king listen to the words of his servant David speaks as if he and the king were other people to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “you my king, listen to my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 26 19 xi81 0 stirred you up against me Alternate translation: “caused you to be angry with me”
1SA 26 19 sn5d figs-explicit 0 let him accept an offering You may need to make explicit the reason he will give an offering. Alternate translation: “I will give him an offering so he will no longer cause you to be angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 27 5 zt35 figs-metaphor 0 If I have found favor in your eyes Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “If I have pleased you” or “If you consider me favorably” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1SA 27 5 mj6y figs-metonymy 0 let them give me a place Since Achish was the one who would “give,” this is a metonym for “please give me a place.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 27 5 ib99 0 one of the cities in the country Alternate translation: “one of the outlying towns” or “one of the towns outside the city”
1SA 27 5 as8d figs-rquestion 0 Why should your servant live in the royal city with you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not need to live in the city with you.” or “I am not important enough to live here with you in the royal city.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 27 5 as8d figs-rquestion 0 Why should your servant live in the royal city with you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not need to live in the city with you.” or “I am not important enough to live here with you in the royal city.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 27 5 qss2 figs-pronouns 0 your servant David speaks as if he were another person to show that he respected Achish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1SA 27 6 d2xd translate-names 0 Ziklag This is the name of a city in the southwest part of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1SA 27 8 k2mv figs-idiom 0 making raids on attacking and taking property many times (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1380,8 +1380,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1SA 29 3 sj73 figs-rquestion 0 Is not this David … these years, and I have found … this day? Another possible translation is “Is not this David,…these years? I have found … this day.” The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should know that this is David … these years. I have found … this day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 29 3 ri13 figs-litotes 0 I have found no fault with him This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I know of nothing that he has done wrong” or “I am very pleased with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1SA 29 4 i611 figs-synecdoche 0 He will not go down with us into battle The person here is a synecdoche for the army he commands. Alternate translation: “Do not let his army join with our army against our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1SA 29 4 vr1n figs-rquestion 0 For how else could he make himself acceptable to his master than by taking the heads of our own men? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Here “taking the heads” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “The best way for David to make peace with his master would be by killing our soldiers!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 29 5 ce4n figs-rquestion 0 Is this not David of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, ‘Saul … ten thousands’? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not trust David—he is the one of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, ‘Saul … ten thousands’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 29 4 vr1n figs-rquestion 0 For how else could he make himself acceptable to his master than by taking the heads of our own men? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Here “taking the heads” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “The best way for David to make peace with his master would be by killing our soldiers!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1SA 29 5 ce4n figs-rquestion 0 Is this not David of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, ‘Saul … ten thousands’? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not trust David—he is the one of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, ‘Saul … ten thousands’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1SA 29 5 e1pv translate-numbers 0 thousands … ten thousands “1,000s…10,000s” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1SA 29 6 pw9s figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives This is an idiom. “As certainly as Yahweh lives” or “This is a true statement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1SA 29 6 tzt2 0 your going out and your coming in with me in the army is good Alternate translation: “I am happy to have you go out and come in with me and my army” or “It is good that you go everywhere with me and my army”

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
16 1SA 1 4 emtw writing-background וְ⁠נָתַ֞ן 1 that he gave Beginning here and continuing until the middle of verse 7, the author provides background information and explains what took place repeatedly year after year. The author does this to help readers better understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
17 1SA 1 5 xq4v translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠חַנָּ֕ה 1 But to Hannah **Hannah** is a woman’s name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18 1SA 1 5 k5i7 מָנָ֥ה אַחַ֖ת אַפָּ֑יִם 1 one portion of two faces The phrase, **one portion of two faces** could mean: (1) Elkanah gave Hannah a double portion. Alternate translation: “a double portion” (2) Elkanah gave Hannah especially desirable portions of meat. Alternate translation: “a special portion”
19 1SA 1 5 b7ri figs-euphemism סָגַ֥ר רַחְמָֽ⁠הּ 1 had shut her womb The phrase **shut her womb** is used figuratively to mean that Yahweh had not allowed Hannah to become pregnant. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use a phrase that would be most natural in your language. Alternative translation: “made her barren” or “prevented her from becoming pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) The phrase **shut her womb** is used figuratively to mean that Yahweh had not allowed Hannah to become pregnant. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use a phrase that would be most natural in your language. Alternative translation: “made her barren” or “prevented her from becoming pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
20 1SA 1 5 cg80 translate-unknown מָנָ֥ה 1 portion Here, **portion** refers to the portion of meat that God let the people eat from the animal which they sacrificed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
21 1SA 1 6 f5cg grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠כִֽעֲסַ֤תָּ⁠ה צָֽרָתָ⁠הּ֙ גַּם־כַּ֔עַס בַּ⁠עֲב֖וּר הַרְּעִמָ֑⁠הּ 1 And her rival would provoke her, even with provocation in order to cause her to thunder This means that Peninnah would intentionally seek ways to humiliate and mock Hannah so that she would feel emotionally disturbed and be greatly troubled in spirit. You can translate this in a way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Peninnah would intentionally provoke Hannah severely, for the purpose of hurting her feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) This means that Peninnah would intentionally seek ways to humiliate and mock Hannah so that she would feel emotionally disturbed and be greatly troubled in spirit. you could translate this in a way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Peninnah would intentionally provoke Hannah severely, for the purpose of hurting her feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
22 1SA 1 6 lrs0 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כִֽעֲסַ֤תָּ⁠ה צָֽרָתָ⁠הּ֙ גַּם־כַּ֔עַס 1 And her rival would provoke her, even with provocation The word **provocation** is an abstract noun. If it would be more natural in your language you may translate this word using a verb phrase or adjective. Alternate translation: “And Peninnah would intentionally provoke Hannah severely” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
23 1SA 1 6 mw8a צָֽרָתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 her rival Here, **her rival** refers to Hannah’s rival Peninnah. It is probable that Elkanah took Peninnah as his second wife after Hannah was unable to bear children so that he could have offspring by Penninah. This would result in Hannah and Peninnah viewing each other as rivals. You can use a word or phrase that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his second wife” or“her co-wife” Here, **her rival** refers to Hannah’s rival Peninnah. It is probable that Elkanah took Peninnah as his second wife after Hannah was unable to bear children so that he could have offspring by Penninah. This would result in Hannah and Peninnah viewing each other as rivals. you could use a word or phrase that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his second wife” or“her co-wife”
24 1SA 1 6 gq73 figs-simile הַרְּעִמָ֑⁠הּ 1 cause her to thunder The phrase **cause her to thunder** is a figurative way of saying that Peninnah’s actions caused Hannah to be greatly irritated or troubled. The point of this comparison is that Peninnah would cause Hannah to be greatly bothered and disrupted in a way that is similar to the sky being disrupted to the point of thundering. You can communicate this in a way which would be most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) The phrase **cause her to thunder** is a figurative way of saying that Peninnah’s actions caused Hannah to be greatly irritated or troubled. The point of this comparison is that Peninnah would cause Hannah to be greatly bothered and disrupted in a way that is similar to the sky being disrupted to the point of thundering. you could communicate this in a way which would be most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25 1SA 1 6 wy2z בְּעַ֥ד רַחְמָֽ⁠הּ 1 shut up her womb The phrase **shut up her womb** is a used figuratively to mean that Yahweh had not allowed Hannah to become pregnant. You can use a phrase that would be most natural in your language.<br>Alternative translation: “made her barren” or “prevented her from becoming pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
26 1SA 1 7 bzk3 figs-go עֲלֹתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 she went up Here, **went up** indicates that in order to reach Shiloh, Elkanah had to travel from a lower location to a higher location because Shiloh was located in a mountainous region. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:3](../01/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
27 1SA 1 7 x38f writing-pronouns עֲלֹתָ⁠הּ֙ 1 she went up Here, **she** refers to Hannah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
47 1SA 1 14 m16w figs-rquestion עַד־מָתַ֖י תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִ֑י⁠ן 1 Until when will you make yourself drunk Eli is stating this in the form of a question for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate his words as a statement or as an exclamation. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
48 1SA 1 15 dcnb writing-politeness אֲדֹנִ֔⁠י 1 my master The phrase **my master** is a way of politely or respectfully addressing someone. If you have an equivalent term or phrase in your language, consider using that. Alternate translation: “my lord” or “sir” (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness]])
49 1SA 1 15 qnz5 figs-idiom קְשַׁת־ר֨וּחַ֙ 1 difficult of spirit The phrase **difficult of spirit** is a Hebrew idiom. Alternative translation: “troubled of spirit” or “very unhappy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
50 1SA 1 15 fzi6 figs-idiom וָ⁠אֶשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖⁠י 1 but I have been pouring out my soul The phrase **pouring out** refers to emptying the contents of what is inside something. Here it is used figuratively, and so the phrase **pouring out my soul** means telling Yahweh one’s troubles or deepest emotions. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but I have been telling my troubles” or “but I have been telling my deepest emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) The phrase **pouring out** refers to emptying the contents of what is inside something. Here it is used figuratively, and so the phrase **pouring out my soul** means telling Yahweh one’s troubles or deepest emotions. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but I have been telling my troubles” or “but I have been telling my deepest emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
51 1SA 1 15 irvy figs-idiom לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י 1 before the face of The phrase **before the face of** is a Hebrew idiom. It is used to show that something takes place in front of or in the presence of someone or something else. It is used here to show that Hannah was praying in the presence of Yahweh. Use the term or phrase in your language that would most naturally communicate that something takes place in front of someone or in the presence of someone. Alternate translation: “in the presence of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
52 1SA 1 16 a5rz figs-123person אֲמָ֣תְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 your female servant Hannah speaks of herself in the third person to show humility. If your readers would misunderstand this you may use a first person pronoun here. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
53 1SA 1 16 wxf5 writing-politeness אֲמָ֣תְ⁠ךָ֔ 1 your female servant Here, Hannah calls herself Eli’s **female servant** as a humble way of showing respect. Hannah was not actually Eli’s servant. If you have an equivalent term or phrase in your language consider using it here if it would be natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness]])
54 1SA 1 16 lf9r figs-abstractnouns מֵ⁠רֹ֥ב שִׂיחִ֛⁠י וְ⁠כַעְסִ֖⁠י 1 from the abundance of my complaint and my provocation Here, Hannah tells Eli why she is praying the way that she is. Hannah uses three abstract nouns, **abundance,** **complaint,* and **provocation.** If your readers would misunderstand this you can translate these using verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. Alternate translation: “because I am very troubled, and my rival has greatly provoked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here, Hannah tells Eli why she is praying the way that she is. Hannah uses three abstract nouns, **abundance,** **complaint,* and **provocation.** If your readers would misunderstand this you could translate these using verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. Alternate translation: “because I am very troubled, and my rival has greatly provoked me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
55 1SA 1 17 a5u2 0 Then Eli answered Eli was the head priest residing over the tabernacle.
56 1SA 1 18 sl27 figs-123person 0 Let your servant find Hannah speaks of herself in the second person to show respect for Eli, the head priest. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “Let me, your servant, find” or “Let me find” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
57 1SA 1 18 tu8x figs-metonymy 0 find favor in your eyes Here “find favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here the eyes are a metonym for sight, and seeing represents judging or deciding the value of something. Alternate translation: “evaluated me and approve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126 1SA 2 20 tc3y 0 because of the request she made of Yahweh Hannah had asked Yahweh for a baby and promised him that she would give the baby to serve in the temple.
127 1SA 2 21 k1xe 0 before Yahweh This means where Yahweh could see him and Samuel could learn about Yahweh.
128 1SA 2 22 lbj3 figs-euphemism 0 they were lying with the women This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “they were having sexual relations with the women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
129 1SA 2 23 tv62 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you do such things? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is terrible that you do such things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is terrible that you do such things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
130 1SA 2 25 lkz7 figs-rquestion 0 who will speak for him? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is certainly no one who can speak for him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is certainly no one who can speak for him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
131 1SA 2 25 eb5j 0 speak for him Alternate translation: “ask Yahweh to have mercy on him”
132 1SA 2 25 cvx3 figs-synecdoche 0 the voice of their father Here the father’s “voice” represents the father. Alternate translation: “their father” or “what their father said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
133 1SA 2 27 f6z6 0 man of God This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a man who hears and tells words from God”
134 1SA 2 27 r882 figs-rquestion 0 Did I not reveal myself … house? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should know that I revealed myself … house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should know that I revealed myself … house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
135 1SA 2 27 k8sr figs-metonymy 0 the house of your ancestor The word “house” is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. Alternate translation: “the family of your ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
136 1SA 2 27 u541 0 your ancestor Aaron
137 1SA 2 28 z66e 0 to go up to my altar, and to burn incense This refers to making an offering to Yahweh.
138 1SA 2 28 vv14 figs-metonymy 0 to wear an ephod before me The words “wear an ephod” are a metonym for the work of the priests who wear the ephod. Alternate translation: “to do what I had commanded the priests to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
139 1SA 2 29 tk44 0 Connecting Statement: The man of God continues to speak to Eli.
140 1SA 2 29 rx55 figs-rquestion 0 Why, then, do you scorn my sacrifices … live? This rhetorical question is a rebuke. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not scorn my sacrifices … where I live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This rhetorical question is a rebuke. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not scorn my sacrifices … where I live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
141 1SA 2 29 ai4j 0 the place where I live Alternate translation: “the place where my people bring offerings to me”
142 1SA 2 29 en93 0 making yourselves fat with the best of every offering The best part of the offering was to be burned up as an offering to Yahweh, but the priests were eating it.
143 1SA 2 30 b5d5 figs-metonymy 0 the house of your ancestor The word “house” is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 2:27](../02/27.md). Alternate translation: “the family of your ancestor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
255 1SA 6 5 yp97 figs-metonymy 0 lift his hand from you, from your gods, and from your land Here “hand” is a metonym used to represent God’s power to afflict or discipline. Alternate translation: “stop punishing you, your gods and your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
256 1SA 6 6 ix9s figs-rquestion 0 Why should you harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? The priests and diviners use a rhetorical question to urge the Philistines to think very seriously about what will happen if they refuse to obey God. This can be translated as a warning. Alternate translation: “Do not be stubborn like the Egyptians and Pharaoh were!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
257 1SA 6 6 txz5 figs-idiom 0 harden your hearts This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuse to obey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
258 1SA 6 6 qg9r figs-rquestion 0 did not the Egyptians send away the people, and they left? This is another rhetorical question used to remind the Philistines how the Egyptians finally sent the Israelites out of Egypt so that God would stop afflicting the Egyptians. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “remember that the Egyptians sent the Israelites out of Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This is another rhetorical question used to remind the Philistines how the Egyptians finally sent the Israelites out of Egypt so that God would stop afflicting the Egyptians. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “remember that the Egyptians sent the Israelites out of Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
259 1SA 6 7 c676 0 two nursing cows Alternate translation: “two cows that have calves that are still drinking milk”
260 1SA 6 8 d3hf 0 Then send it off and let it go its own way Normally the two cows would head back home to their calves.
261 1SA 6 9 n756 0 if it goes … to Beth Shemesh, then it is Yahweh It is unlikely that the cows would choose to wander to Beth Shemesh when their calves are back in the Philistine area.
373 1SA 9 17 g1vw 0 Yahweh told him Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Samuel”
374 1SA 9 18 pwf2 0 the seer Alternate translation: “the prophet of Yahweh”
375 1SA 9 20 fdy4 figs-rquestion 0 Then on whom are all the desires of Israel set? Is it not on you and all your father’s house? These questions are an expression of deep conviction that Saul is the one whom Yahweh wants to be the king that the Israelites are looking for. The questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You should know that it is on you that all the desires of Israel are set. They are set on you and your father’s family.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
376 1SA 9 21 z2ng figs-rquestion 0 Am not I a Benjamite … of Israel? Is not my clan … Benjamin? Why then have you spoken to me in this manner? Saul is expressing surprise because Benjamin was the smallest tribe in Israel, and other Israelites considered the tribe unimportant. Also, Benjamites considered the clan of which Saul was a member as unimportant. If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you can express them as statements. Alternate translation: “I am from the tribe of Benjamin, the least important of all tribes. And my clan is the least important clan in our tribe. I do not understand why you are saying that the Israelite people want me and my family to do something important.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Saul is expressing surprise because Benjamin was the smallest tribe in Israel, and other Israelites considered the tribe unimportant. Also, Benjamites considered the clan of which Saul was a member as unimportant. If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you could express them as statements. Alternate translation: “I am from the tribe of Benjamin, the least important of all tribes. And my clan is the least important clan in our tribe. I do not understand why you are saying that the Israelite people want me and my family to do something important.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
377 1SA 9 22 wn3v 0 the hall The writer assumes that the reader knows that near the place where they would offer sacrifices there was a large building in which people would eat together.
378 1SA 9 22 rw25 0 head place This is the seat of honor.
379 1SA 9 22 tpy7 translate-numbers 0 thirty people “30 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
398 1SA 10 10 lyd4 figs-personification 0 the Spirit of God rushed upon him Samuel speaks as if the Spirit of Yahweh were a person running up to Saul and taking complete control of him. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/06.md). Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took complete control of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
399 1SA 10 11 myw8 figs-rquestion 0 What has happened to the son of Kish? This could mean: (1) the people are asking for information or (2) this is a rhetorical question that means Saul is not important. Alternate translation: “Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
400 1SA 10 11 us3j 0 the son of Kish Alternate translation: “Saul, the son of Kish”
401 1SA 10 12 g5tt figs-rquestion 0 Then who is their father? This man uses a rhetorical question to remind people that being a prophet has nothing to do with who one’s parents are. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not matter who the parents of these other prophets are. What matters is that, amazingly, Saul is speaking messages from God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This man uses a rhetorical question to remind people that being a prophet has nothing to do with who one’s parents are. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not matter who the parents of these other prophets are. What matters is that, amazingly, Saul is speaking messages from God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
402 1SA 10 12 v7kp writing-proverbs 0 Because of this, it became a saying, “Is Saul also one of the prophets?” This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “And that is why, when people cannot believe some report, they think about what happened to Saul and say, ‘Is Saul really one of the prophets?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
403 1SA 10 14 kwk6 0 Then Saul’s uncle said to him Alternate translation: “Then the brother of Saul’s father said to Saul”
404 1SA 10 16 t8y5 0 he did not tell him about the matter of the kingdom Alternate translation: “Saul did not tell his uncle that God had appointed him to be the king of Israel”
600 1SA 14 43 yi96 0 I will die This could mean: (1) “I am willing to die” or (2) “do I deserve to be executed because of doing that?”
601 1SA 14 44 bhu1 0 God do so and more also to me, if you do not die, Jonathan Saul makes a second foolish oath in less than one day. Alternate translation: “May God kill me if I do not kill you, Jonathan”
602 1SA 14 45 sym5 0 General Information: The Army defends and protects Jonathan from Saul.
603 1SA 14 45 q95l figs-rquestion 0 Should Jonathan die, who has accomplished this great victory for Israel? Far from it! The people scold Saul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has just accomplished this great victory for Israel. He should surely not die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The people scold Saul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has just accomplished this great victory for Israel. He should surely not die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
604 1SA 14 45 et5x 0 As Yahweh lives The people were expressing their certainty that they would not let anything happen to Jonathan.
605 1SA 14 45 cdg3 figs-hyperbole 0 not one hair of his head will fall to the ground This exaggeration shows how the people of Israel would protect Jonathan and keep him safe. This litotes can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “we will protect him from any harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
606 1SA 14 47 at51 0 General Information: For a brief period Saul served with great courage in defeating Israel’s enemies.
647 1SA 15 15 vin9 0 to sacrifice to Yahweh your God Saul is arguing that animals for sacrifice were an exception to Yahweh’s command to destroy everything.
648 1SA 15 15 a6ie 0 Yahweh your God Saul here does not describe Samuel’s God as his own God.
649 1SA 15 17 a18m figs-metaphor 0 in your own sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your own opinion” or “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
650 1SA 15 17 a7ji figs-rquestion 0 were you not made the head of the tribes of Israel? Samuel uses this question to remind Saul of now much God had given him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made you the ruler of the tribes of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Samuel uses this question to remind Saul of now much God had given him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made you the ruler of the tribes of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
651 1SA 15 19 yu1z figs-rquestion 0 Why did you not obey … Yahweh? Samuel asks this question to rebuke Saul for disobeying Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have obeyed … Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Samuel asks this question to rebuke Saul for disobeying Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have obeyed … Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
652 1SA 15 19 w3n7 figs-metonymy 0 the voice of Yahweh Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “the things that Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
653 1SA 15 19 x74v 0 but instead you seized the booty Samuel is accusing Saul of direct disobedience. Yahweh commanded Saul to completely destroy everything belonging to the Amalekites, and not to bring anything back to camp.
654 1SA 15 19 b9eg 0 the booty Alternate translation: “the plunder” or “the possessions you took from the enemy”
659 1SA 15 21 v64h 0 But the people took This appears to be shifting the blame to the people.
660 1SA 15 21 kvf4 0 things devoted to destruction Alternate translation: “animals that Yahweh commanded them to destroy”
661 1SA 15 21 li5g translate-names 0 Gilgal This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
662 1SA 15 22 dp67 figs-rquestion 0 Has Yahweh as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of Yahweh? Samuel asks this question to emphasize that obedience is much more important than sacrifice. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying his voice!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Samuel asks this question to emphasize that obedience is much more important than sacrifice. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying his voice!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
663 1SA 15 22 f8kc figs-metonymy 0 the voice of Yahweh Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “the things that Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
664 1SA 15 22 wen9 0 Obedience is better than sacrifice God wanted Saul’s complete obedience in the destruction of the Amalekites. Nothing in the land was fit for sacrifice.
665 1SA 15 22 u1dg 0 better than the fat of rams Alternate translation: “better than to sacrifice the fat of rams as a burnt offering”
838 1SA 18 6 qct5 0 with tambourines A “tambourine” is a small handheld drum.
839 1SA 18 7 ii5a figs-ellipsis 0 David his ten thousands The verb may be supplied from the previous line. Alternate translation: “David has killed his ten thousands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
840 1SA 18 8 lp8i 0 They have ascribed Alternate translation: “They have credited”
841 1SA 18 8 xi13 figs-rquestion 0 What more can he have but the monarchy? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The only thing left for him to have is the kingship.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The only thing left for him to have is the kingship.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
842 1SA 18 10 iyh1 0 a harmful spirit from God Here “harmful spirit” may refer to either “a spirit that causes trouble” or “an evil spirit.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:15](../16/15.md).
843 1SA 18 10 c8qe 0 a harmful spirit from God rushed upon Saul The phrase “rushed upon” means the harmful spirit influenced Saul. In this case it means it caused Saul to be troubled and act crazy. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/06.md).
844 1SA 18 10 me9n 0 he raved Alternate translation: “he acted crazy”
875 1SA 19 1 u5h5 0 took great pleasure in David Jonathan greatly enjoyed being with David.
876 1SA 19 4 rf2u figs-pronouns 0 Do not let the king sin against his servant Jonathan speaks as if Saul is another person to show Saul that Jonathan respects Saul. Alternate translation: “Do not sin against your servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
877 1SA 19 5 z29d figs-idiom 0 he took his life in his hand Here “life in his hand” is an idiom that refers to risking his life. Alternate translation: “he risked his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
878 1SA 19 5 q7ya figs-rquestion 0 Why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason? Jonathan asks this question to rebuke Saul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not sin against innocent blood and kill David without cause.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Jonathan asks this question to rebuke Saul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not sin against innocent blood and kill David without cause.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
879 1SA 19 5 ep2k figs-metonymy 0 sin against innocent blood Here “blood” is a metonym for the life of an innocent person. Alternate translation: “commit the sin of murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
880 1SA 19 6 mg7b figs-activepassive 0 he will not be put to death If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not put him to death” or “I will not kill him” or “I will certainly keep him alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
881 1SA 19 7 zv18 0 he was in his presence David was in Saul’s presence.
893 1SA 19 15 uu8k figs-explicit 0 Bring him up to me in the bed The reason why the men thought David was in bed can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If he really is too sick to come to me, bring me the bed with him in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
894 1SA 19 16 gw7d 0 pillow of goats’ hair See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 19:13](../19/13.md).
895 1SA 19 16 mmv5 0 behold The word “behold” here shows that the messengers were surprised by what they saw.
896 1SA 19 17 gw6j figs-rquestion 0 Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped? This could mean: (1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or (2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This could mean: (1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or (2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
897 1SA 19 17 g47n figs-rquestion 0 Let me go. Why should I kill you? Although David did not actually say this, Michal tells Saul that David threatened her with this question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will kill you if you do not help me to escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Although David did not actually say this, Michal tells Saul that David threatened her with this question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will kill you if you do not help me to escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
898 1SA 19 18 e48b 0 General Information: David flees to Samuel.
899 1SA 19 18 hj2z 0 Now This word is used here to show that the writer has started to tell a new part of the story.
900 1SA 19 19 v5b7 figs-activepassive 0 It was told to Saul If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
905 1SA 19 24 tj4i writing-proverbs 0 This is why they ask, “Is Saul also among the prophets?” This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:12](../10/12.md). Alternate translation: “That is the reason that when people see someone doing something that is very unexpected, they say, ‘Is Saul also a prophet?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
906 1SA 19 24 knd8 0 they ask Here “they” refers to people in general. The question became a proverb among the people.
907 1SA 20 intro abck 0 # 1 Samuel 20 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jonathan warns David<br>David tells Jonathan that Saul is still trying to kill him. Jonathan promises to find out if this is true. When David misses dinner two consecutive days, Saul asks about him. Jonathan says that David went home for an annual sacrifice. Saul gets angry at Jonathan, telling him he will never be king unless they kill David. Saul throws his spear at Jonathan. Jonathan warns David to run away, but first they both promise to always be friends. It was usually a king’s son who became king after his death in the ancient Near East. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>David uses a powerful metaphor and an oath to impress Jonathan with the danger he is in: “But as truly as Yahweh lives, and as you live, there is but a step between me and death.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
908 1SA 20 1 tia6 figs-parallelism 0 What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks to take my life? These three questions mean basically the same thing. David uses them to emphasize that he has done nothing wrong to Saul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong. I have not committed any iniquity. I have not sinned against your father. He has no reason to take my life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) These three questions mean basically the same thing. David uses them to emphasize that he has done nothing wrong to Saul. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong. I have not committed any iniquity. I have not sinned against your father. He has no reason to take my life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
909 1SA 20 1 g2ib figs-idiom 0 that he seeks to take my life? Here “take my life” is an idiom for “kill me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
910 1SA 20 2 e1je figs-idiom 0 Far from it Here “far from it” is an idiom that refers to that it is not true. Alternate translation: “This is certainly not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
911 1SA 20 2 jbn3 figs-merism 0 nothing either great or small The words “great or small” include everything in between. Alternate translation: “nothing at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
912 1SA 20 2 w2w8 figs-rquestion 0 Why should my father hide this thing from me? Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that Saul would have told him if he planned to kill David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My father has no reason to hide this thing from me!” or “If this thing were true, my father would certainly let me know!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that Saul would have told him if he planned to kill David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My father has no reason to hide this thing from me!” or “If this thing were true, my father would certainly let me know!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
913 1SA 20 2 rpv2 0 It is not so Alternate translation: “It is not true”
914 1SA 20 3 kn7z figs-metaphor 0 I have found favor in your eyes Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “I have pleased you” or “you consider me favorably” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
915 1SA 20 3 t6cz figs-activepassive 0 he will be grieved If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this will grieve him” or “he will be very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
924 1SA 20 8 v33p 0 Connecting Statement: David continues speaking to Jonathan.
925 1SA 20 8 avp9 figs-pronouns 0 with your servant … have brought your servant David speak of himself in the third person as a form of humility. Alternate translation: “with me, your servant … have brought me, your servant” or “with me … have brought me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
926 1SA 20 8 ap89 figs-explicit 0 you have brought your servant into a covenant of Yahweh with you What it was that the two men agreed on can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh heard you when you made a solemn agreement with me that you and I will always be good friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
927 1SA 20 8 hbz6 figs-rquestion 0 for why then should you bring me to your father? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “then there would be no reason for you to bring me to your father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “then there would be no reason for you to bring me to your father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
928 1SA 20 9 ge5b figs-idiom 0 Far be it from you! This is an idiom that means it will never happen to you. Alternate translation: “This will never happen to you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
929 1SA 20 9 lt9v figs-rquestion 0 would I not tell you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I would certainly tell you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I would certainly tell you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
930 1SA 20 12 vx7n 0 see Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
931 1SA 20 12 ld4i 0 if there is good will Alternate translation: “if my father wants to do good things for you”
932 1SA 20 12 y3r1 figs-rquestion 0 will I not then send to you and make it known to you? Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that he will tell David if Saul intends to harm him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “then I will certainly send to you and make it known to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that he will tell David if Saul intends to harm him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “then I will certainly send to you and make it known to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
933 1SA 20 13 yn8n figs-idiom 0 may Yahweh do to Jonathan and more also This is an idiom. Jonathan uses this oath for emphasis and speaks of himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh do to me whatever harm my father intends to do to you, and even more than that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
934 1SA 20 14 q3ac 0 General Information: Jonathan asks David not to completely kill all his offspring so that a remnant will remain.
935 1SA 20 14 az7y figs-rquestion 0 will you not show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die? Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
936 1SA 20 14 q324 figs-abstractnouns 0 show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh The abstract noun **faithfulness** can be stated as **faithful**. Here, **of Yahweh** could mean: (1) “be faithful to me as Yahweh is faithful” or (2) “be faithful to me as Yahweh requires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
937 1SA 20 16 n5b7 figs-metonymy 0 house of David The word “house” is a metonym for the people who live in the house. Alternate translation: “David’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
938 1SA 20 16 wvm6 figs-synecdoche 0 May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of David The hand is a synecdoche for the person. This could mean: (1) “May Yahweh use David’s enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise” or (2) “May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
955 1SA 20 29 j146 figs-pronouns 0 the king’s table Jonathan speaks of Saul as if he is another person to show that he respects Saul. Alternate translation: “your table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
956 1SA 20 30 yn6q figs-metonymy 0 Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan Here “anger burned” is a metonym that refers to becoming very angry. Alternate translation: “Saul became very angry with Jonathan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
957 1SA 20 30 vv24 figs-idiom 0 You son of a perverse, rebellious woman! This is an idiom. Saul uses this phrase as a harsh rebuke to Jonathan and his concern for David. Alternate translation: “You stupid son of a prostitute” or “You stupid traitor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
958 1SA 20 30 yr6n figs-rquestion 0 Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse … mother’s nakedness? Saul uses this question to emphasize that he knows that Jonathan and David are friends. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse … mother’s nakedness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Saul uses this question to emphasize that he knows that Jonathan and David are friends. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse … mother’s nakedness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
959 1SA 20 30 g94g figs-idiom 0 to the shame of your mother’s nakedness Here “mother’s nakedness” is an idiom that refers to the mother who gave birth to you. Alternate translation: “to the shame of your mother who gave birth to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
960 1SA 20 31 zl6b figs-activepassive 0 neither you nor your kingdom will be established If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will not become king and will not establish your kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
961 1SA 20 32 ux46 figs-rquestion 0 For what reason should he be put to death? What has he done? Jonathan is trying to get Saul to think carefully about what he is doing. This can be translated as a statement, and the words “should he be put to death” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have no good reason to put him to death. He has done nothing wrong.” or “You have no good reason to kill him. He has done nothing wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
995 1SA 21 8 wb13 0 weapons a general name for such things as swords, knives, bows and arrows, and spears
996 1SA 21 9 rpf7 translate-names 0 Valley of Elah This is the name of a place in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
997 1SA 21 11 zg9d figs-hyperbole 0 Is not this David, the king of the land? They were probably exaggerating when they said that David was king of the land. They used this question to imply that David was a powerful enemy and Achish should not let him stay there. Alternate translation: “You know that this is David, who is as dangerous as the king of the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
998 1SA 21 11 sc99 figs-rquestion 0 Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, ‘Saul … thousands?’ If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when the people of the land were dancing, they sang to each other about him, ‘Saul … thousands.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when the people of the land were dancing, they sang to each other about him, ‘Saul … thousands.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
999 1SA 21 12 rqg7 figs-metonymy 0 David took these words to heart Here “took … to heart” is a metonym to think seriously about what was said. Alternate translation: “David thought seriously about what the servants said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1000 1SA 21 13 ai6n figs-synecdoche 0 in their hands Here “hands” are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “in their presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1001 1SA 21 14 w6kd figs-rquestion 0 Why have you brought him to me? This could mean: (1) Achish demands that his servants explain why they have brought David to him or (2) Achish is scolding them with a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You should have known not to bring him to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1002 1SA 21 15 kl34 figs-rquestion 0 Do I lack madmen, so that you have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence? This rhetorical question is a rebuke. Alternate translation: “There are enough madmen here who waste my time. You should not have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1003 1SA 21 15 k152 figs-rquestion 0 Will this fellow really come into my house? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not allow this fellow to enter my house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not allow this fellow to enter my house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1004 1SA 22 intro abcm 0 # 1 Samuel 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There are two stories in this chapter: David gathering a group of followers and Saul having all the priests and their families killed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David assembles a force of unhappy people<br>David hides in the wilderness, and people in trouble come to him. Soon he has a force of 500 men. The prophet then tells him to leave the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Saul and the chief priest’s family<br>Doeg tells Saul that Ahimelech the priest gave David food and a sword and prayed for him. Saul accuses the priests of encouraging David to rebel. This is a serious accusation because the priests are God’s representatives and are rebelling against God’s king if the accusation is true. Saul has the priests and all their families killed except those who escape to David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
1005 1SA 22 1 wbc2 0 cave a hollow space under the ground, generally opening into the side of a hill, large enough for people to enter
1006 1SA 22 1 h42f translate-names 0 Adullam This is the name of a town near the city of Gath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1029 1SA 22 10 p71d 0 He prayed to Yahweh that he might help him, and he gave him Ahitub prayed to Yahweh that Yahweh might help David, and Ahitub gave David
1030 1SA 22 13 vs5z 0 in that you have given Alternate translation: “by giving”
1031 1SA 22 13 rp7f 0 rise up Alternate translation: “rebel” or “fight”
1032 1SA 22 14 mme1 figs-rquestion 0 Who among all your servants is so faithful as David … house? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “None of your servants is as faithful as David … house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “None of your servants is as faithful as David … house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1033 1SA 22 14 iy7u 0 bodyguard a person or group of people who protect someone
1034 1SA 22 14 aui9 figs-metonymy 0 is honored in your house The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom your family honors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1035 1SA 22 15 sq72 figs-rquestion 0 Is today the first time I have prayed to God to help him? Ahimelech asks himself this question before Saul can ask it, then immediately answers it. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is not the first time I have prayed to God to help David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Ahimelech asks himself this question before Saul can ask it, then immediately answers it. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is not the first time I have prayed to God to help David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1036 1SA 22 15 aw6l figs-idiom 0 Far be it from me! This idiom means “Absolutely not!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1037 1SA 22 15 zpx3 figs-123person 0 Do not let the king impute anything to his servant or to all the house of my father. For your servant knows nothing Ahimelech speaks of himself in the third person as the “servant.” Ahimelech also refers to Saul in the third person as “the king.” Ahimelech speaks this way to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “Please, King Saul, do not consider me, your servant, or anyone in the house of my father to be guilty. For I know nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1038 1SA 22 15 a249 0 impute to consider someone guilty
1053 1SA 23 intro abcn 0 # 1 Samuel 23 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Saul chases David<br>Saul wants to kill David, but David trusts in God who keeps rescuing him. David rescues the town of Keilah from the Philistines who are stealing their harvest. Saul goes to Keilah to capture David, but David flees to the wilderness near Ziph. When David goes deeper into the wilderness, Saul follows but he has to leave to fight the Philistines who have invaded the land. Saul’s pursuit of David shows that Saul cares more about killing his enemies than pleasing God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Synecdoche<br>Jonathan strengthens David with a synecdoche: “For the hand of Saul my father will not find you.” This helps to strengthen David’s faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
1054 1SA 23 1 by75 translate-names 0 fighting against Keilah “Keilah” is the name of a town. Here “Keilah” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “fighting against the people of Keilah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1055 1SA 23 1 g4uk 0 threshing separating the grain or seeds, generally from a cereal plant or wheat by some mechanical means
1056 1SA 23 3 e1kx figs-rquestion 0 How much more then if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We will be even more fearful if we go to Keilah to fight the armies of the Philistines.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We will be even more fearful if we go to Keilah to fight the armies of the Philistines.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1057 1SA 23 5 ij1x figs-synecdoche 0 went … fought … led … struck … saved The writer pays the most attention to David, so these words are all singular, though David’s men helped him do all these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1058 1SA 23 6 jj3s translate-names 0 Ahimelech This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1059 1SA 23 7 fhu9 figs-activepassive 0 Saul was told This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Saul” or “They told Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1109 1SA 24 5 c41t figs-idiom 0 David’s heart afflicted him This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “David was sad because he had done something wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1110 1SA 24 6 w1fa 0 Yahweh’s anointed Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh has chosen to lead his people” or “the one Yahweh has made king”
1111 1SA 24 6 p9l3 figs-metonymy 0 to put out my hand against him The hand is a metonym for the ability to cause harm. Alternate translation: “to harm him in any way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1112 1SA 24 9 n22d figs-rquestion 0 Why do you listen to the men who say, ‘See, David is seeking your harm? This is a rhetorical question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not listen to the men who say, ‘See, David is seeking to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This is a rhetorical question. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not listen to the men who say, ‘See, David is seeking to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1113 1SA 24 10 v731 figs-synecdoche 0 your eyes have seen Here “your eyes” represent King Saul. Alternate translation: “you have seen with your own eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1114 1SA 24 10 xib3 figs-metonymy 0 put you into my hand The word “hand” is a metonym for control. Alternate translation: “put you where I could kill you or allow you to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1115 1SA 24 11 t3q9 0 my father Saul was not David’s real father. David calls him “father” to show that he respects Saul.
1272 1SA 26 8 m51q figs-metonymy 0 God has put your enemy into your hand Abishai speaks as if the enemy were a small object that God had put into David’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power the hand can wield. Alternate translation: “God has given you complete control over your enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1273 1SA 26 8 lze4 figs-metonymy 0 pin him to the ground with the spear This is a metonym that refers to “kill with a spear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1274 1SA 26 8 n3y8 0 I will not strike him a second time Alternate translation: “I will kill him the first time I strike him” or “I will not need to strike him a second time”
1275 1SA 26 9 ph1t figs-rquestion 0 who can extend his hand against Yahweh’s anointed one and be guiltless? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “No one can strike Yahweh’s anointed one and be without guilt.” or “Anyone who strikes Yahweh’s anointed one will be guilty of murder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “No one can strike Yahweh’s anointed one and be without guilt.” or “Anyone who strikes Yahweh’s anointed one will be guilty of murder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1276 1SA 26 10 c39s 0 As Yahweh lives Alternate translation: “as certainly as Yahweh lives” or “as surely as Yahweh lives”
1277 1SA 26 10 s6yk 0 his day will come to die Alternate translation: “he will die a natural death”
1278 1SA 26 11 gt6b figs-metonymy 0 extend my hand against The hand is a metonym for the harm a hand can do. Alternate translation: “do anything to harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1279 1SA 26 11 q6ty figs-exclusive 0 let us go David includes Abishai, so the word “us” here is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1280 1SA 26 12 mj5c 0 a deep sleep from Yahweh had fallen on them Yahweh had caused them to sleep deeply.
1281 1SA 26 14 qg15 figs-rquestion 0 Do you not answer, Abner? David uses a question to shame Abner into answering. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Answer me, Abner!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David uses a question to shame Abner into answering. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Answer me, Abner!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1282 1SA 26 14 i2zz 0 David shouted “David spoke as loudly as he could” so Saul and his men could hear him
1283 1SA 26 15 e3xd figs-rquestion 0 Are not you a courageous man? David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. Alternate translation: “You are a very brave man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1284 1SA 26 15 it27 figs-rquestion 0 Who is like you in Israel? David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. Alternate translation: “You are the greatest soldier in Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1285 1SA 26 15 b9q7 figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you not kept watch over your master the king? This could mean: (1) this is a real question and David wants Abner to answer him or (2) this is a rhetorical question and David is rebuking Abner. Alternate translation: “Therefore you should have kept watch over your master the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1286 1SA 26 17 d5y6 figs-metaphor 0 my son Saul was not David’s true father. Saul speaks as if he were David’s father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1287 1SA 26 18 n2yf figs-rquestion 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My master has no reason to pursue his servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My master has no reason to pursue his servant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1288 1SA 26 18 ah3m figs-123person 0 Why does my master pursue his servant? Here David speaks of Saul in third person calling him “my master,” and he speaks of himself in third person calling himself “his servant.” David speaks this way to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “Why are you, my master, pursuing me, your servant?” or “Why are you pursuing me?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1289 1SA 26 18 ljv3 figs-rquestion 0 What have I done? This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that I have done nothing to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that I have done nothing to harm you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1290 1SA 26 18 q2fg figs-metonymy 0 What evil is in my hand? This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here “hand” represents a person acting or doing something. This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong?” or (2) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here “hand” represents a person acting or doing something. This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong?” or (2) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1291 1SA 26 19 xsj9 figs-pronouns 0 you, let my master the king listen to the words of his servant David speaks as if he and the king were other people to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “you my king, listen to my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1292 1SA 26 19 xi81 0 stirred you up against me Alternate translation: “caused you to be angry with me”
1293 1SA 26 19 sn5d figs-explicit 0 let him accept an offering You may need to make explicit the reason he will give an offering. Alternate translation: “I will give him an offering so he will no longer cause you to be angry with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1324 1SA 27 5 zt35 figs-metaphor 0 If I have found favor in your eyes Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “If I have pleased you” or “If you consider me favorably” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1325 1SA 27 5 mj6y figs-metonymy 0 let them give me a place Since Achish was the one who would “give,” this is a metonym for “please give me a place.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1326 1SA 27 5 ib99 0 one of the cities in the country Alternate translation: “one of the outlying towns” or “one of the towns outside the city”
1327 1SA 27 5 as8d figs-rquestion 0 Why should your servant live in the royal city with you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not need to live in the city with you.” or “I am not important enough to live here with you in the royal city.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not need to live in the city with you.” or “I am not important enough to live here with you in the royal city.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1328 1SA 27 5 qss2 figs-pronouns 0 your servant David speaks as if he were another person to show that he respected Achish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
1329 1SA 27 6 d2xd translate-names 0 Ziklag This is the name of a city in the southwest part of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1330 1SA 27 8 k2mv figs-idiom 0 making raids on attacking and taking property many times (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1380 1SA 29 3 sj73 figs-rquestion 0 Is not this David … these years, and I have found … this day? Another possible translation is “Is not this David,…these years? I have found … this day.” The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should know that this is David … these years. I have found … this day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1381 1SA 29 3 ri13 figs-litotes 0 I have found no fault with him This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I know of nothing that he has done wrong” or “I am very pleased with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1382 1SA 29 4 i611 figs-synecdoche 0 He will not go down with us into battle The person here is a synecdoche for the army he commands. Alternate translation: “Do not let his army join with our army against our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1383 1SA 29 4 vr1n figs-rquestion 0 For how else could he make himself acceptable to his master than by taking the heads of our own men? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Here “taking the heads” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “The best way for David to make peace with his master would be by killing our soldiers!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Here “taking the heads” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “The best way for David to make peace with his master would be by killing our soldiers!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1384 1SA 29 5 ce4n figs-rquestion 0 Is this not David of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, ‘Saul … ten thousands’? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not trust David—he is the one of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, ‘Saul … ten thousands’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not trust David—he is the one of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, ‘Saul … ten thousands’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1385 1SA 29 5 e1pv translate-numbers 0 thousands … ten thousands “1,000s…10,000s” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1386 1SA 29 6 pw9s figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives This is an idiom. “As certainly as Yahweh lives” or “This is a true statement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1387 1SA 29 6 tzt2 0 your going out and your coming in with me in the army is good Alternate translation: “I am happy to have you go out and come in with me and my army” or “It is good that you go everywhere with me and my army”

104
en_tn_10-2SA.tsv
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 1 12 v2al 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
2SA 1 12 h78c figs-euphemism 0 they had fallen by the sword Here “fallen” is a polite way of referring to being killed. Also, “sword” represents a battle. This here means “had been killed.” Alternate translation: “they had died in battle” or “enemies had killed them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 1 13 tje8 0 Where are you from? The man had already stated that he is an Amalekite in [2 Samuel 1:8](../01/08.md). David apparently asks the man to confirm this because of the serious judgment that David was going to pronounce on the man.
2SA 1 14 f3mp figs-rquestion 0 Why were you not afraid to kill Yahweh’s anointed … hand? This rhetorical question is used to rebuke the man. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have feared Yahweh and not killed his anointed … hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 1 14 f3mp figs-rquestion 0 Why were you not afraid to kill Yahweh’s anointed … hand? This rhetorical question is used to rebuke the man. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have feared Yahweh and not killed his anointed … hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 1 14 gdq9 0 Yahweh’s anointed king This refers to Saul.
2SA 1 14 llc8 figs-metonymy 0 with your own hand This phrase refers to doing something yourself. Alternate translation: “yourself” or “personally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 1 15 k3ww figs-idiom 0 struck him down This idiom means “killed him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 3 7 nvs7 translate-names 0 Ishbosheth This is a male name, a son of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 3 7 y6er figs-rquestion 0 Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine? Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. Alternate translation: “You did not have the right to go in to father’s concubine!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 3 7 x31p figs-euphemism 0 gone in to This is a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 3 8 jcd6 figs-rquestion 0 Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 3 8 jcd6 figs-rquestion 0 Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 3 8 rjr7 figs-metaphor 0 Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here “belongs to Judah” implies that Abner’s loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul’s house. Alternate translation: “Am I a traitor for Judah?” or “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 3 8 jb39 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of David Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 3 8 lub9 figs-rquestion 0 But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. This could mean: (1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or (2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 3 23 e26m 0 they told Joab Alternate translation: “someone told Joab”
2SA 3 23 d2r8 translate-names 0 Ner This is a man’s name. He is the grandfather of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 3 24 nzs6 figs-rquestion 0 What have you done? Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner go in peace. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 3 24 ia9h figs-rquestion 0 Why have you sent him away, and he is gone? Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abner was here and you let him leave!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 3 24 ia9h figs-rquestion 0 Why have you sent him away, and he is gone? Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abner was here and you let him leave!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 3 25 c3xz figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know … everything you are doing? Joab asks this question to convince David that Abner is plotting against David. Alternate translation: “Surely you know … everything you are doing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 3 26 v16b translate-names 0 well of Sirah “Sirah” is the name of a place where the well was located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 3 27 w3m9 0 the middle of the gate This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron. As the UST implies, city gates were constructed as part of buildings set into the city walls. Inside the passageway were doors leading to side rooms, where guests could be received and business and judicial proceedings could be conducted. It was probably in one of these rooms that Joab murdered Abner.
@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 3 35 zt2v figs-hyperbole 0 All the people came This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. Alternate translation: “Many people came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA 3 35 s8g2 0 May God do so to me, and more also, if This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if”
2SA 3 37 ax2q translate-names 0 Ner This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 3 38 z5pr figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 3 38 z5pr figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 3 38 wxn9 figs-hendiadys 0 a prince and a great man These two phrases both refer to Abner. Alternate translation: “a great prince” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2SA 3 39 e6ux translate-names 0 Zeruiah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 3 39 bw2y 0 are too brutal Alternate translation: “are too much like animals” or “are too violent”
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 4 8 n1gd figs-idiom 0 sought your life This idiom means “was trying to kill you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 4 9 c7l9 figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives This is one of the strongest oaths David could swear, as Yahweh is the witness. Alternate translation: “I swear on the life of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 4 9 qe3v figs-synecdoche 0 who delivered my life Here “life” refers to David himself. This means that Yahweh has kept David alive. Alternate translation: “who rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 4 11 ve2r figs-rquestion 0 How much more … should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth? This question is used to show that the men had committed an especially serious crime. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are even more guilty! It is my duty to require his blood from your hand and to remove you from the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 4 11 ve2r figs-rquestion 0 How much more … should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth? This question is used to show that the men had committed an especially serious crime. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are even more guilty! It is my duty to require his blood from your hand and to remove you from the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 4 11 pl52 figs-metonymy 0 require his blood from your hand The phrase “his blood” represents the life of Ishbosheth. Here “from your hand” represents Rechab and Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, introduced in [2 Samuel 4:5](./05.md). Alternate translation: “hold you responsible for the death of Ishbosheth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 4 12 b1ep translate-symaction 0 cut off their hands and feet and hung them up These were symbolic actions to show contempt for the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA 4 12 a16g translate-symaction 0 they took the head of Ishbosheth and buried it in the grave This was a symbolic act to honor Ishbosheth. This could be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “they honored Ishbosheth by burying his head in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 7 3 aw2n figs-idiom 0 for Yahweh is with you Here “with you” means God is helping and blessing David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 7 4 l5r9 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Nathan, saying: The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Nathan. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Nathan:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 7 5 ebh5 0 Go and tell David my servant, ‘This is what Yahweh says: Will you build me a house in which to live? This is the beginning of a quotation that contains quotations within it.
2SA 7 5 kj3l figs-rquestion 0 Will you build me a house in which to live? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that David is not the one to build a house for Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not build a house for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 7 5 kj3l figs-rquestion 0 Will you build me a house in which to live? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that David is not the one to build a house for Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not build a house for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 7 5 j3s5 0 build me a house Here “house” means a temple. In 7:11 Yahweh will say that he will build a house for David. There “house” means a family. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:11.
2SA 7 7 t5dj figs-quotesinquotes 0 did I ever say anything to any of Israel’s leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, saying, “Why have you not built me a house of cedar?” This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “did I ever ask any of Israel’s leaders, whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, why they had not built me a house of cedar?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2SA 7 7 azt9 figs-rquestion 0 did I ever say anything to any of Israel’s leaders Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he never asked any of Israel’s leaders to build him a house. Alternate translation: “I never said anything to any of Israel’s leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 7 16 bu2w figs-activepassive 0 Your throne will be established forever Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “I will cause your descendants to rule over Israel forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 7 17 mei7 0 all these words “all these things.” This refers to what Yahweh had said.
2SA 7 17 m93t 0 he told him about the entire vision Alternate translation: “he told him about everything Yahweh revealed to him”
2SA 7 18 nf24 figs-rquestion 0 Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point? David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 7 18 nf24 figs-rquestion 0 Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point? David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 7 19 tj8j figs-metaphor 0 in your sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 7 19 r9in figs-123person 0 your servant’s family Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2SA 7 19 uvu1 figs-metaphor 0 for a great while to come This speaks about time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “and what will happen to them in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 9 6 huu6 0 I am your servant Mephibosheth refers to himself as “your servant” to show great honor to David.
2SA 9 7 fe5j 0 for Jonathan your father’s sake Alternate translation: “because I loved your father, Jonathan”
2SA 9 7 zy8z figs-metonymy 0 you will always eat at my table Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “you will always eat with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 9 8 fvp8 figs-rquestion 0 What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am? This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 9 8 fvp8 figs-rquestion 0 What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am? This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 9 8 j13e figs-metaphor 0 such a dead dog Here Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and he compares himself to a “dead dog.” Dogs were feral animals, not cared for, and of little importance. A dead dog would be considered even less important. Alternate translation: “such a person like me who is worthless as a dead dog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 9 10 cb8w figs-metonymy 0 must always eat at my table Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “must always eat with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 9 10 ae24 writing-background 0 Now Ziba … servants Here “now” makes a break in the main story line. The narrator gives background information about Ziba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 11 8 f1gh figs-metonymy 0 wash your feet This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. Alternate translation: “rest for the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 11 8 s4b9 figs-metonymy 0 the king sent a gift for Uriah David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 11 9 fp1u 0 his master The word “his” refers to Uriah and the word “master” refers to David.
2SA 11 10 p5tg figs-rquestion 0 Have you not come from a journey? Why did you not go down to your house? This rhetorical question is used to show David’s surprise that Uriah did not visit his wife. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “After coming from such a long journey, you should have gone down to your house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 11 10 p5tg figs-rquestion 0 Have you not come from a journey? Why did you not go down to your house? This rhetorical question is used to show David’s surprise that Uriah did not visit his wife. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “After coming from such a long journey, you should have gone down to your house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 11 11 t1wr figs-synecdoche 0 Israel and Judah This refers to their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 11 11 w65k figs-rquestion 0 How then can I go into my house … with my wife? This rhetorical question is used to emphasize Uriah’s refusal to visit his wife and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It would be wrong for me to go into my house … with my wife while the other soldiers in my army are in danger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 11 11 k6b2 figs-euphemism 0 to lie with my wife This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -501,13 +501,13 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 11 18 g9kw figs-metonymy 0 Joab sent word to David The phrase “sent word” means that he sent a messenger to give a report. Alternate translation: “Joab sent a messenger to David to give a report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 11 20 a8wj figs-rquestion 0 Why did you go so near … from the wall? Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. These questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near to the city to fight. You should have known that they would shoot from the wall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 11 20 n65u figs-explicit 0 shoot from the wall This refers to men of the city shooting arrows down at their enemy from the top of the city wall. Alternate translation: “shoot arrows at you from the top of the city wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 11 21 h8q7 figs-rquestion 0 Who killed Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth? Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember how Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth was killed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 11 21 h8q7 figs-rquestion 0 Who killed Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth? Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember how Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth was killed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 11 21 h97r translate-names 0 Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth This is the name of a man. His father is also know by the name Gideon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 11 21 uf4w figs-rquestion 0 Did not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember he died at Thebez when a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the top of the wall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 11 21 uf4w figs-rquestion 0 Did not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember he died at Thebez when a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the top of the wall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 11 21 zx1s 0 millstone a heavy stone that would roll, used to crush grain for making bread
2SA 11 21 g9p7 0 from the wall Alternate translation: “from the top of the city wall”
2SA 11 21 q6dz translate-names 0 Thebez This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 11 21 p6i4 figs-rquestion 0 Why did you go so near the wall? Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near the wall!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 11 21 p6i4 figs-rquestion 0 Why did you go so near the wall? Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near the wall!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 11 23 ax3f 0 the gate Alternate translation: “the city gate”
2SA 11 24 jnl2 0 their shooters shot Alternate translation: “their shooters shot arrows”
2SA 11 24 ay8n figs-activepassive 0 some of the king’s servants were killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed some of the king’s servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 12 8 ty2v figs-metaphor 0 your master’s wives into your arms Here Yahweh describes David having his master’s wives as his own wives, by saying that they are “in his arms.” Alternate translation: “your master’s wives as your own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 12 8 v7tc figs-metaphor 0 I also gave you the house of Israel and Judah Here Yahweh speaks of how he gave David his authority as king over Israel and Judah as if he gave him the houses of Israel and Judah as a gift. The phrase “the house of” means “the people of.” Alternate translation: “I also gave you authority as king over the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 12 8 sr3v 0 if that had been too little Alternate translation: “if I had not given you enough”
2SA 12 9 nb14 figs-rquestion 0 So why have you despised … Yahweh, so as to do what is evil in his sight? This rhetorical question is used to rebuke David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised … Yahweh and should not have done what is evil in his sight!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 12 9 nb14 figs-rquestion 0 So why have you despised … Yahweh, so as to do what is evil in his sight? This rhetorical question is used to rebuke David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised … Yahweh and should not have done what is evil in his sight!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 12 9 ctt1 figs-metaphor 0 what is evil in his sight Here “sight” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: “what he considers to be evil” or “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 12 9 iy29 figs-metonymy 0 You have struck down Uriah the Hittite with the sword David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle. The phrase “with the sword” represents how Uriah died in battle. Alternate translation: “You have arranged for Uriah the Hittite to die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 12 9 n595 figs-metonymy 0 You killed him with the sword of the army of Ammon David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle when Israel was fighting against Ammon. The phrase “with the sword” refers to how he died in battle. Alternate translation: “You arranged for him to die in battle against the army of Ammon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -558,14 +558,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 12 18 f2jx figs-synecdoche 0 he did not listen to our voice The servants are referred to here by their voices to emphasize that they were speaking. Alternate translation: “he did not listen to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 12 18 ueh7 figs-explicit 0 the seventh day “day 7.” This refers to the seventh day after the baby was born. Alternate translation: “the seventh day after he was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 12 18 j2pi 0 Look This is used to get people’s attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2SA 12 18 sz9x figs-rquestion 0 What might he do to himself if we tell him that the boy is dead?! The servants ask this rhetorical question to express their fear. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that he may harm himself if we tell him that the boy is dead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 12 18 sz9x figs-rquestion 0 What might he do to himself if we tell him that the boy is dead?! The servants ask this rhetorical question to express their fear. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that he may harm himself if we tell him that the boy is dead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 12 19 s1tv 0 were whispering together Alternate translation: “were speaking very quietly to each other”
2SA 12 19 mh6l 0 David perceived Alternate translation: “David understood”
2SA 12 20 aa4t 0 David arose Alternate translation: “David got up”
2SA 12 21 nx6q 0 General Information: These verses contain rhetorical questions that emphasize that David realizes that Yahweh has allowed this to happen.
2SA 12 22 p2za figs-rquestion 0 Who knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me, that the child may live? David asked this rhetorical question to empathize that no one knew if Yahweh would let the child live. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me so that the child may live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 12 23 pf4k figs-rquestion 0 But now he is dead, so why should I fast? David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that he no longer has a reason to fast. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now that he is dead it would be of no use to fast any longer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 12 23 cc5p figs-rquestion 0 Can I bring him back again? David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that the boy cannot come back to life. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot bring him back to life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 12 22 p2za figs-rquestion 0 Who knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me, that the child may live? David asked this rhetorical question to empathize that no one knew if Yahweh would let the child live. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me so that the child may live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 12 23 pf4k figs-rquestion 0 But now he is dead, so why should I fast? David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that he no longer has a reason to fast. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now that he is dead it would be of no use to fast any longer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 12 23 cc5p figs-rquestion 0 Can I bring him back again? David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that the boy cannot come back to life. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot bring him back to life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 12 23 qs7p figs-explicit 0 I will go to him David implies that he will go to where his child is when he dies. Alternate translation: “When I die I will go to where he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 12 24 f8ut figs-doublet 0 went in to her and lay with her Both the phrase “went in to her” and the phrase “lay with her” refer to David having sexual relations with Bathsheba and emphasize what they did. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2SA 12 25 m6ce figs-metonymy 0 he sent word through Nathan the prophet Here “word” refers to a message that Yahweh told Nathan to tell David. Alternate translation: “he sent Nathan to tell him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 13 27 kd8k figs-metaphor 0 Absalom pressed David Here the author speaks of Absalom urging David to let Amnon come as if he were putting physical pressure on him. Alternate translation: “Absalom begged David for Amnon to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 13 27 w3cs figs-synecdoche 0 all the king’s sons This does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. Alternate translation: “the rest of the king’s sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 13 28 yfb3 figs-explicit 0 Do not be afraid This implies that they do not need to be afraid of the consequences for killing Amnon. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the king’s son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 13 28 ev94 figs-rquestion 0 Have I not commanded you? Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you to do this.” or “I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 13 28 ev94 figs-rquestion 0 Have I not commanded you? Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you to do this.” or “I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 13 28 fa5u figs-ellipsis 0 not commanded you What Absalom has commanded them to do may be stated in the question. Alternate translation: “not commanded you to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA 13 29 jr7q 0 every man This refers to the king’s sons who left the celebration.
2SA 13 30 jr55 writing-newevent 0 So it came about “It happened that.” This phrase is used here to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 14 12 l1s3 0 your servant To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
2SA 14 12 hy2e 0 speak a further word to “talk about something else to.” The woman is requesting to speak to the king about another topic.
2SA 14 12 mw9s figs-idiom 0 Speak on This is an idiom. The king was giving her permission to continue speaking. Alternate translation: “You may speak to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 14 13 ia2l figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you devised such a thing against the people of God? The woman asks this rhetorical question to rebuke David for how he has treated Absalom. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have just said proved that you did wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 14 13 ia2l figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you devised such a thing against the people of God? The woman asks this rhetorical question to rebuke David for how he has treated Absalom. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have just said proved that you did wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 14 13 t35u 0 the king is like someone who is guilty The woman compares the king to someone who is guilty to suggest that he is guilty without saying it directly. Alternate translation: “the king has declared himself guilty”
2SA 14 13 f3ci 0 his banished son Alternate translation: “his son whom he banished”
2SA 14 14 ll3p figs-simile 0 For we all must die, and we are like water spilled on the ground … up again Here the woman speaks of a person dying as if they were water being spilled on the ground. Alternate translation: “We all must die, and after we die we cannot be brought back to life again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -770,8 +770,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 15 18 tp2a translate-numbers 0 six hundred men “600 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 15 19 u5p9 translate-names 0 Ittai This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 15 19 n5dh 0 Gittite Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
2SA 15 19 k4yp figs-rquestion 0 Why will you come with us? This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to go with us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 15 20 dw1l figs-rquestion 0 why should I make you wander all over with us? This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to cause you to wander around with us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 15 19 k4yp figs-rquestion 0 Why will you come with us? This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to go with us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 15 20 dw1l figs-rquestion 0 why should I make you wander all over with us? This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to cause you to wander around with us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 15 20 wfd5 figs-hyperbole 0 Since you just left yesterday Here “yesterday” is an exaggeration that emphasizes a short amount of time. Ittai the Gittite had lived there for several years. Alternate translation: “Since you have lived here only a short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA 15 20 e3e8 figs-explicit 0 May loyalty and faithfulness go with you This is a blessing that David is giving to him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 15 21 m7sh figs-simile 0 As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. He compare the certainty the he will fulfill his promise to the certainty that Yahweh and the king are alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 15 32 fmi7 translate-names 0 Arkite This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 15 32 jt8s translate-symaction 0 with his coat torn and earth on his head This is an act showing shame or repentance. Here the word “earth” means dirt. Alternate translation: “He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 15 34 xy6g figs-explicit 0 you will confuse Ahithophel’s advice for me David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. Alternate translation: “you can serve me by opposing Ahithophel’s advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 15 35 fr9e figs-rquestion 0 Will you not have the priests Zadok and Abiathar with you? David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 15 35 fr9e figs-rquestion 0 Will you not have the priests Zadok and Abiathar with you? David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 15 35 rkm7 figs-hyperbole 0 whatever you hear This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA 15 36 yg9d translate-names 0 Ahimaaz … Jonathan These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 15 36 z36k figs-synecdoche 0 by their hand The phrase “their hand” refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate translation: “their sons to tell me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -833,14 +833,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 16 8 uqf8 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of Absalom Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “into the control of Absalom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 16 9 wg1j translate-names 0 Abishai See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 16 9 jz4r translate-names 0 Zeruiah See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 16 9 b6wq figs-rquestion 0 Why should this dead dog curse my master the king? Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This dead dog must not speak to the king this way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 16 9 b6wq figs-rquestion 0 Why should this dead dog curse my master the king? Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This dead dog must not speak to the king this way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 16 9 p79k figs-metaphor 0 this dead dog Here the man is being described as worthless by being compared to a dead dog. Alternate translation: “this worthless man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 16 10 i1pm figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah? This rhetorical question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to know what you think!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 16 10 i1pm figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah? This rhetorical question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to know what you think!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 16 10 wrg4 0 Perhaps he is cursing me because Alternate translation: “He may be cursing me because”
2SA 16 10 g4rx figs-rquestion 0 Who then could say to him, ‘Why are you cursing the king? This is said as a rhetorical question to emphasize that the answer is “no one.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one then can ask him, ‘Why are you cursing the king?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 16 10 g4rx figs-rquestion 0 Who then could say to him, ‘Why are you cursing the king? This is said as a rhetorical question to emphasize that the answer is “no one.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one then can ask him, ‘Why are you cursing the king?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 16 11 y6it figs-explicit 0 my son, who was born from my body David describes his son this way to emphasize the close bond between a father and his son. Alternate translation: “my own son” or “my dear son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 16 11 l8bj figs-euphemism 0 wants to take my life This is a polite way to refer to killing someone. Alternate translation: “wants to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 16 11 znl2 figs-rquestion 0 How much more may this Benjamite now desire my ruin? David uses this rhetorical question to express that he is not surprised that the man wants to kill him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course this Benjamite desires my ruin!” or “I am not surprised this Benjamite desires my ruin as well!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 16 11 znl2 figs-rquestion 0 How much more may this Benjamite now desire my ruin? David uses this rhetorical question to express that he is not surprised that the man wants to kill him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course this Benjamite desires my ruin!” or “I am not surprised this Benjamite desires my ruin as well!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 16 11 t9uf figs-metaphor 0 desire my ruin Here David describes the man’s desire to kill him as if David were something that the man wanted to ruin. Alternate translation: “desire me to be killed” or “desire to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 16 11 tb7g figs-idiom 0 Leave him alone and let him curse Here the phrase “leave him alone” means to not stop him from what he is doing. Alternate translation: “Do not stop him from cursing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 16 12 xk9r figs-idiom 0 will look at Here “looking” means “considering.” Alternate translation: “will consider” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 18 9 iq6e 0 dangling hanging or swinging loosely
2SA 18 9 eys5 0 between the ground and the sky Alternate translation: “in the air”
2SA 18 10 n893 0 Look Here this word is used to draw a person’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2SA 18 11 w13x figs-rquestion 0 Why did you not strike him down to the ground? This rhetorical question means that he should have killed him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. The phrase “strike down” means to kill. Alternate translation: “You should have struck him down to the ground!” or “You should have killed him immediately!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 18 11 w13x figs-rquestion 0 Why did you not strike him down to the ground? This rhetorical question means that he should have killed him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. The phrase “strike down” means to kill. Alternate translation: “You should have struck him down to the ground!” or “You should have killed him immediately!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 18 11 aik2 translate-bmoney 0 ten silver shekels This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “ten silver coins” or “110 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
2SA 18 11 xu84 0 belt This is a special belt that shows people that someone is a great soldier and should be honored.
2SA 18 12 m6ur translate-bmoney 0 a thousand silver shekels “1,000 silver shekels.” This can be stated in modern units. Alternate translation: “1,000 silver coins” or “11 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -1037,13 +1037,13 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 19 10 h2rq figs-rquestion 0 why do you say nothing about bringing the king back? This means they should consider bringing David back now that Absalom was dead. The question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “we should be talking about bringing the king back.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 10 n7fv 0 the king This refers to David.
2SA 19 11 ywv6 figs-idiom 0 sent to Zadok and to Abiathar This means that David sent a messenger to Zadok and Abiathar. Alternate translation: “sent a messenger to Zadok and to Abiathar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 19 11 jd6q figs-rquestion 0 Why are you the last to bring the king back … to bring him back to his palace? This rhetorical question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 11 jd6q figs-rquestion 0 Why are you the last to bring the king back … to bring him back to his palace? This rhetorical question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 11 d4d9 figs-abstractnouns 0 since the talk of all Israel favors the king, to bring The noun “talk” can be expressed with the verb “talk” or “speak.” Alternate translation: “since all Israel speaks favorably about the king and desires to bring” or “since what the people of Israel are saying is in the king’s favor, to bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA 19 11 v8mv figs-metaphor 0 to bring the king back to his palace Here restoring the king’s authority to rule is spoken of as bringing him back to his palace. Alternate translation: “to restore the king’s authority as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 19 12 si3p figs-metaphor 0 You are my brothers, my flesh and bone The king uses these to phrases to emphasize that they are closely related. Being or having the same flesh is a metaphor for belonging to the same family or tribe. Alternate translation: “You are my brothers, and we have the same flesh and bone” or “You are my brothers, my close relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 19 12 n4pu figs-rquestion 0 Why then are you the last to bring back the king? This is the second rhetorical question here and it is also a rebuke for the elders of Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 12 n4pu figs-rquestion 0 Why then are you the last to bring back the king? This is the second rhetorical question here and it is also a rebuke for the elders of Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 13 uf92 translate-names 0 Amasa See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 19 13 h28k figs-rquestion 0 Are you not my flesh and my bone? David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that they are related. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my flesh and my bones.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 13 h28k figs-rquestion 0 Are you not my flesh and my bone? David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that they are related. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my flesh and my bones.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 13 f88h figs-metaphor 0 my flesh and my bone Here David speaks of them being related by saying that they have the same flesh and bones. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “my relative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 19 13 gk6u figs-idiom 0 God do so to me This is an idiom that means for God to kill him. Alternate translation: “May God kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 19 14 g6z6 figs-metonymy 0 he won the hearts Here the mens’ loyalty is referred to as their “hearts.” Alternate translation: “he won the loyalty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1059,9 +1059,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 19 19 s3zc figs-idiom 0 not take it to heart “To take something to heart” means to think about something seriously or to be bothered by it. Alternate translation: “not be bothered by it” or “forget about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 19 21 w2c6 translate-names 0 Abishai See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 19 21 p13v translate-names 0 Zeruiah See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 19 21 yth5 figs-rquestion 0 Should not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed? Abishai was angry at Shimei for cursing David and is suggesting that he should be killed. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Shimei should be put to death because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 21 yth5 figs-rquestion 0 Should not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed? Abishai was angry at Shimei for cursing David and is suggesting that he should be killed. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Shimei should be put to death because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 21 spv5 figs-explicit 0 Yahweh’s anointed This refers to David. It means that he is the man that Yahweh had anointed as king. Alternate translation: “the man that Yahweh has anointed as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 19 22 dn85 figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you … that you should today be adversaries to me? David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 22 dn85 figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you … that you should today be adversaries to me? David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 22 s4fe figs-rquestion 0 Will any man be put to death today in Israel? For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 22 f3ky figs-idiom 0 Will any man be put to death This phrase “put to death” means to be killed or executed. Alternate translation: “Will any man be killed” or “Will I order any man to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 19 22 t2u7 figs-rquestion 0 For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are: (1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or (2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -1073,8 +1073,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 19 27 jn77 figs-idiom 0 do what is good in your eyes This means to do what you think is right. Alternate translation: “do what you believe to be the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 19 28 rll4 figs-metaphor 0 all my father’s house were dead men before my master the king Mephibosheth speaks of how his relatives had deserved to be executed as if they had already been executed and were dead. Alternate translation: “all my father’s house deserved for my master the king to order them to be executed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 19 28 ww9q figs-metonymy 0 my father’s house This refers to his father’s relatives. Alternate translation: “my father’s relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 19 28 fa5b figs-rquestion 0 What right therefore have I that I should still cry any more to the king? Mephibosheth uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he has no right to request anything from the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I have no right to ask the king to do anything else for me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 29 wt65 figs-rquestion 0 Why explain anything further? David uses this rhetorical question to tell him that he does not need to continue talking about his conflict with Ziba. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to explain this any further.” or “You certainly do not need to say any more.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 28 fa5b figs-rquestion 0 What right therefore have I that I should still cry any more to the king? Mephibosheth uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he has no right to request anything from the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I have no right to ask the king to do anything else for me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 29 wt65 figs-rquestion 0 Why explain anything further? David uses this rhetorical question to tell him that he does not need to continue talking about his conflict with Ziba. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to explain this any further.” or “You certainly do not need to say any more.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 31 yk1p translate-names 0 Barzillai See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 19 31 zak8 translate-names 0 Gileadite See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 19 31 w1ce translate-names 0 Rogelim See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1082,13 +1082,13 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 19 32 ffn7 translate-names 0 Mahanaim See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 19 32 cj9q translate-numbers 0 eighty years old “80 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 19 32 a2k7 0 had furnished the king with provisions Alternate translation: “had provided what the king needed”
2SA 19 34 y2r5 figs-rquestion 0 How many days are left in the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem? Here Barzillai means that he is old and that there is no reason for him to accompany David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 34 y2r5 figs-rquestion 0 How many days are left in the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem? Here Barzillai means that he is old and that there is no reason for him to accompany David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 35 sy7w translate-numbers 0 eighty years old “80 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 19 35 n8fn figs-rquestion 0 Can I distinguish between good and bad? Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. Here “good” and “bad” refer to what is desirable and what is not. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot distinguish between what is desirable and what is not.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 35 d6qd figs-rquestion 0 Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot enjoy the taste of what I eat and drink.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 35 dgv2 figs-rquestion 0 Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot hear well the voices of singing men and singing women.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 35 f2zi figs-rquestion 0 Why then should your servant be a burden to my master the king? Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not want to be a burden to the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your servant should not go with you and be a burden to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 36 x8m1 figs-rquestion 0 Why should the king repay me with such a reward? Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not know why the king would reward him this way. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know why the king would repay me with such a great reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 35 n8fn figs-rquestion 0 Can I distinguish between good and bad? Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. Here “good” and “bad” refer to what is desirable and what is not. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot distinguish between what is desirable and what is not.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 35 d6qd figs-rquestion 0 Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot enjoy the taste of what I eat and drink.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 35 dgv2 figs-rquestion 0 Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot hear well the voices of singing men and singing women.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 35 f2zi figs-rquestion 0 Why then should your servant be a burden to my master the king? Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not want to be a burden to the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your servant should not go with you and be a burden to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 36 x8m1 figs-rquestion 0 Why should the king repay me with such a reward? Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not know why the king would reward him this way. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know why the king would repay me with such a great reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 37 tj5t 0 General Information: Barzillai asks that Kimham be allowed to take his place instead with David.
2SA 19 37 lt2a translate-names 0 Kimham This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 19 37 wef7 figs-explicit 0 by the grave of my father and my mother This does not mean that he wants to die right next to their graves, but rather, that he wants to die in the city where they are buried. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “where my father’s and my mother’s graves are” or “where my father and my mother are buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1098,14 +1098,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 19 40 hzp4 0 Kimham See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 19:37](../19/37.md).
2SA 19 40 jw3n 0 All the army of Judah brought the king over, and also half the army of Israel Alternate translation: “All the army of Judah and half the army of Israel brought the king over”
2SA 19 40 t9rb figs-ellipsis 0 brought the king over They crossed over the Jordan River with the king. Alternate translation: “escorted the king over the river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA 19 41 sbd9 figs-rquestion 0 Why have our brothers, the men of Judah … and all David’s men with him? The men of Israel use this question to express that they feel betrayed by the people of Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not right that our brothers, the men of Judah, who did not support you as king, had the privilege of bringing you and your family back across the Jordan River.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 41 sbd9 figs-rquestion 0 Why have our brothers, the men of Judah … and all David’s men with him? The men of Israel use this question to express that they feel betrayed by the people of Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not right that our brothers, the men of Judah, who did not support you as king, had the privilege of bringing you and your family back across the Jordan River.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 41 r7ae figs-metaphor 0 stolen you away The men of Israel speak of how the men of Judah escorted the king across the river as if the king were something they stole that did not belong to them. Alternate translation: “taken you away from us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 19 41 hgi3 0 the Jordan the Jordan River
2SA 19 42 nu1g figs-rquestion 0 Why then are you angry about this? The men of Judah ask this rhetorical question to rebuke the men of Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you have no reason to be upset about this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 42 u3wj figs-rquestion 0 Have we eaten anything that the king had to pay for? Has he given us any gifts? The men of Judah ask the question to express that they have not taken anything from the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king has never paid for our food, and he has never given us any gifts.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 42 nu1g figs-rquestion 0 Why then are you angry about this? The men of Judah ask this rhetorical question to rebuke the men of Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you have no reason to be upset about this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 42 u3wj figs-rquestion 0 Have we eaten anything that the king had to pay for? Has he given us any gifts? The men of Judah ask the question to express that they have not taken anything from the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king has never paid for our food, and he has never given us any gifts.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 43 nbt3 figs-explicit 0 we have even more right to David than you “we have a greater claim to David than you do.” It may be helpful to state clearly what having “more right” means. Alternate translation: “we have more right to serve the king and to be with the king than you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 19 43 vc2s figs-rquestion 0 Why then did you despise us? The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 43 vlb7 figs-rquestion 0 Was not our proposal to bring back our king the first to be heard? The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 43 vc2s figs-rquestion 0 Why then did you despise us? The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 43 vlb7 figs-rquestion 0 Was not our proposal to bring back our king the first to be heard? The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 43 el5k 0 the words of the men of Judah were even more harsh than the words of the men of Israel Alternate translation: “the men of Judah spoke even more harshly than the men of Israel did”
2SA 20 intro abck 0 # 2 Samuel 20 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sheba’s revolt<br>A man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judah’s king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br>Joab used an idiom “has lifted up his hand against the king, against David” meaning “revolted against David,” to explain why his army was attacking the city of Able. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 20 1 fz8c 0 to be at the same place This refers to the town of Gilgal.
@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 20 18 xv3v 0 that advice would end the matter Alternate translation: “that advice would solve the problem”
2SA 20 19 l2yb figs-ellipsis 0 most peaceful and faithful in Israel This describes the cities. Alternate translation: “most peaceful and faithful cities in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA 20 19 vb6k figs-metaphor 0 city that is a mother in Israel This speaks of the importance of this city among the nation of Israel as if it were a well respected mother. Alternate translation: “city that everyone in Israel respects like they would their mother” or “city that is very important and that Israel respects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 20 19 f7wf figs-rquestion 0 Why do you want to swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh? Here the woman uses a rhetorical question to suggest to Joab what they should not do. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not destroy the city that is Yahweh’s inheritance!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 20 19 f7wf figs-rquestion 0 Why do you want to swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh? Here the woman uses a rhetorical question to suggest to Joab what they should not do. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not destroy the city that is Yahweh’s inheritance!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 20 19 h83g figs-metaphor 0 swallow up Here the woman speaks of the army destroying the city as if the city were food to be swallowed. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 20 19 v31s figs-metonymy 0 the inheritance of Yahweh Here the city is referred to as Yahweh’s inheritance to emphasize that it belongs to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a city that belongs to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 20 20 kn3j figs-idiom 0 Far be it, far be it from me, that I should He repeats this phrase to emphasize that this is something he would never do. Alternate translation: “Truly, truly, I would never” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1317,10 +1317,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 23 3 w218 figs-parallelism 0 The one who rules righteously over men, who rules in the fear of God These two sentences both say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 23 3 a7ac 0 in the fear of God Alternate translation: “respecting God”
2SA 23 4 er3p figs-simile 0 He will be like the morning light … sunshine after rain Here God is comparing the king to the morning light and sunshine after the rain. These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. These two phrases have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “He will be a delight to all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 23 5 hef3 figs-rquestion 0 Indeed, is my family not like this before God? Here David is saying that he agrees with God. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family is indeed like this before God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 23 5 n1tt figs-rquestion 0 Has he not made … way? David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He has indeed made … way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 23 5 hef3 figs-rquestion 0 Indeed, is my family not like this before God? Here David is saying that he agrees with God. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family is indeed like this before God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 23 5 n1tt figs-rquestion 0 Has he not made … way? David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He has indeed made … way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 23 5 gq5b 0 ordered and sure This means God’s covenant is properly organized and will not change so David’s family can trust it.
2SA 23 5 r8xz figs-rquestion 0 Does he not increase my salvation … desire? David believes that God will always help him and cause him to prosper. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He increases my salvation and gives me my every desire.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 23 5 r8xz figs-rquestion 0 Does he not increase my salvation … desire? David believes that God will always help him and cause him to prosper. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He increases my salvation and gives me my every desire.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 23 6 abg3 0 General Information: This concludes David’s last words.
2SA 23 6 ic15 figs-simile 0 But the worthless will all be like thorns to be thrown away Here the wicked person is compared to useless thorns. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the wicked person is worthless and dangerous like thorns we throw away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 23 6 dgn8 0 because they cannot be gathered by one’s hands Alternate translation: “because no one can pick them up with his hands without the thorns hurting him”
@ -1340,12 +1340,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 23 14 f68v 0 in his stronghold Alternate translation: “in his protected place”
2SA 23 14 pej4 0 the Philistines had established at Bethlehem Alternate translation: “some Philistines soldiers were controlling the village of Bethlehem”
2SA 23 16 r8yf 0 broke through the army Alternate translation: “fought their way through the enemy army”
2SA 23 17 nz91 figs-rquestion 0 Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives? David compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Drinking this water would be like drinking the blood of those men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 23 17 nz91 figs-rquestion 0 Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives? David compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Drinking this water would be like drinking the blood of those men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 23 18 jjf7 0 Abishai … Zeruiah These are the names of men. Translate them as in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
2SA 23 18 xve2 0 captain over the three This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David.
2SA 23 18 cs6f translate-numbers 0 three hundred men “300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 23 18 gxa6 figs-activepassive 0 He was often mentioned along with the three soldiers If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People often mentioned him when they spoke about the three bravest men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 23 19 ir5c figs-rquestion 0 Was he not even more famous than the three? This question is used to emphasize how famous he was. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He was even more famous than the three.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 23 19 ir5c figs-rquestion 0 Was he not even more famous than the three? This question is used to emphasize how famous he was. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He was even more famous than the three.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 23 19 gph9 0 three most famous soldiers This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah. Abishai was not as famous as these soldiers.
2SA 23 20 l41w translate-names 0 Kabzeel This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 23 20 g72h 0 Jehoiada This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
@ -1394,7 +1394,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 24 16 y4es translate-names 0 Araunah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 24 16 ug3p 0 the threshing floor A threshing floor was a hard, flat surface where edible grain was separated from chaff.
2SA 24 17 c2r6 figs-parallelism 0 I have sinned, and I have acted perversely These phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I have sinned terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 24 17 b9vn figs-rquestion 0 But these sheep, what have they done? David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “These ordinary people have done nothing wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 24 17 b9vn figs-rquestion 0 But these sheep, what have they done? David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “These ordinary people have done nothing wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 24 17 e2dt figs-metonymy 0 Please let your hand punish me Here the metonym “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “Please punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 24 20 q15a translate-symaction 0 bowed to the king with his face to the ground He was showing deep respect and honor to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA 24 21 r7k9 figs-activepassive 0 so that the plague may be removed from the people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh will remove this plague from the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
18 2SA 1 12 v2al 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
19 2SA 1 12 h78c figs-euphemism 0 they had fallen by the sword Here “fallen” is a polite way of referring to being killed. Also, “sword” represents a battle. This here means “had been killed.” Alternate translation: “they had died in battle” or “enemies had killed them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20 2SA 1 13 tje8 0 Where are you from? The man had already stated that he is an Amalekite in [2 Samuel 1:8](../01/08.md). David apparently asks the man to confirm this because of the serious judgment that David was going to pronounce on the man.
21 2SA 1 14 f3mp figs-rquestion 0 Why were you not afraid to kill Yahweh’s anointed … hand? This rhetorical question is used to rebuke the man. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have feared Yahweh and not killed his anointed … hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This rhetorical question is used to rebuke the man. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have feared Yahweh and not killed his anointed … hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22 2SA 1 14 gdq9 0 Yahweh’s anointed king This refers to Saul.
23 2SA 1 14 llc8 figs-metonymy 0 with your own hand This phrase refers to doing something yourself. Alternate translation: “yourself” or “personally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24 2SA 1 15 k3ww figs-idiom 0 struck him down This idiom means “killed him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
125 2SA 3 7 nvs7 translate-names 0 Ishbosheth This is a male name, a son of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
126 2SA 3 7 y6er figs-rquestion 0 Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine? Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. Alternate translation: “You did not have the right to go in to father’s concubine!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
127 2SA 3 7 x31p figs-euphemism 0 gone in to This is a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
128 2SA 3 8 jcd6 figs-rquestion 0 Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
129 2SA 3 8 rjr7 figs-metaphor 0 Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here “belongs to Judah” implies that Abner’s loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul’s house. Alternate translation: “Am I a traitor for Judah?” or “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
130 2SA 3 8 jb39 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of David Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
131 2SA 3 8 lub9 figs-rquestion 0 But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman? Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. This could mean: (1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or (2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
154 2SA 3 23 e26m 0 they told Joab Alternate translation: “someone told Joab”
155 2SA 3 23 d2r8 translate-names 0 Ner This is a man’s name. He is the grandfather of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
156 2SA 3 24 nzs6 figs-rquestion 0 What have you done? Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner go in peace. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
157 2SA 3 24 ia9h figs-rquestion 0 Why have you sent him away, and he is gone? Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abner was here and you let him leave!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abner was here and you let him leave!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
158 2SA 3 25 c3xz figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know … everything you are doing? Joab asks this question to convince David that Abner is plotting against David. Alternate translation: “Surely you know … everything you are doing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
159 2SA 3 26 v16b translate-names 0 well of Sirah “Sirah” is the name of a place where the well was located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
160 2SA 3 27 w3m9 0 the middle of the gate This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron. As the UST implies, city gates were constructed as part of buildings set into the city walls. Inside the passageway were doors leading to side rooms, where guests could be received and business and judicial proceedings could be conducted. It was probably in one of these rooms that Joab murdered Abner.
178 2SA 3 35 zt2v figs-hyperbole 0 All the people came This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. Alternate translation: “Many people came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
179 2SA 3 35 s8g2 0 May God do so to me, and more also, if This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if”
180 2SA 3 37 ax2q translate-names 0 Ner This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
181 2SA 3 38 z5pr figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
182 2SA 3 38 wxn9 figs-hendiadys 0 a prince and a great man These two phrases both refer to Abner. Alternate translation: “a great prince” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
183 2SA 3 39 e6ux translate-names 0 Zeruiah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
184 2SA 3 39 bw2y 0 are too brutal Alternate translation: “are too much like animals” or “are too violent”
204 2SA 4 8 n1gd figs-idiom 0 sought your life This idiom means “was trying to kill you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
205 2SA 4 9 c7l9 figs-idiom 0 As Yahweh lives This is one of the strongest oaths David could swear, as Yahweh is the witness. Alternate translation: “I swear on the life of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
206 2SA 4 9 qe3v figs-synecdoche 0 who delivered my life Here “life” refers to David himself. This means that Yahweh has kept David alive. Alternate translation: “who rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
207 2SA 4 11 ve2r figs-rquestion 0 How much more … should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth? This question is used to show that the men had committed an especially serious crime. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are even more guilty! It is my duty to require his blood from your hand and to remove you from the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This question is used to show that the men had committed an especially serious crime. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are even more guilty! It is my duty to require his blood from your hand and to remove you from the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
208 2SA 4 11 pl52 figs-metonymy 0 require his blood from your hand The phrase “his blood” represents the life of Ishbosheth. Here “from your hand” represents Rechab and Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, introduced in [2 Samuel 4:5](./05.md). Alternate translation: “hold you responsible for the death of Ishbosheth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
209 2SA 4 12 b1ep translate-symaction 0 cut off their hands and feet and hung them up These were symbolic actions to show contempt for the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
210 2SA 4 12 a16g translate-symaction 0 they took the head of Ishbosheth and buried it in the grave This was a symbolic act to honor Ishbosheth. This could be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “they honored Ishbosheth by burying his head in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
296 2SA 7 3 aw2n figs-idiom 0 for Yahweh is with you Here “with you” means God is helping and blessing David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
297 2SA 7 4 l5r9 figs-idiom 0 the word of Yahweh came to Nathan, saying: The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Nathan. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Nathan:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
298 2SA 7 5 ebh5 0 Go and tell David my servant, ‘This is what Yahweh says: Will you build me a house in which to live? This is the beginning of a quotation that contains quotations within it.
299 2SA 7 5 kj3l figs-rquestion 0 Will you build me a house in which to live? Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that David is not the one to build a house for Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not build a house for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that David is not the one to build a house for Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not build a house for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
300 2SA 7 5 j3s5 0 build me a house Here “house” means a temple. In 7:11 Yahweh will say that he will build a house for David. There “house” means a family. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:11.
301 2SA 7 7 t5dj figs-quotesinquotes 0 did I ever say anything to any of Israel’s leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, saying, “Why have you not built me a house of cedar?” This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “did I ever ask any of Israel’s leaders, whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, why they had not built me a house of cedar?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
302 2SA 7 7 azt9 figs-rquestion 0 did I ever say anything to any of Israel’s leaders Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he never asked any of Israel’s leaders to build him a house. Alternate translation: “I never said anything to any of Israel’s leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
337 2SA 7 16 bu2w figs-activepassive 0 Your throne will be established forever Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “I will cause your descendants to rule over Israel forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
338 2SA 7 17 mei7 0 all these words “all these things.” This refers to what Yahweh had said.
339 2SA 7 17 m93t 0 he told him about the entire vision Alternate translation: “he told him about everything Yahweh revealed to him”
340 2SA 7 18 nf24 figs-rquestion 0 Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point? David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
341 2SA 7 19 tj8j figs-metaphor 0 in your sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
342 2SA 7 19 r9in figs-123person 0 your servant’s family Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
343 2SA 7 19 uvu1 figs-metaphor 0 for a great while to come This speaks about time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “and what will happen to them in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
416 2SA 9 6 huu6 0 I am your servant Mephibosheth refers to himself as “your servant” to show great honor to David.
417 2SA 9 7 fe5j 0 for Jonathan your father’s sake Alternate translation: “because I loved your father, Jonathan”
418 2SA 9 7 zy8z figs-metonymy 0 you will always eat at my table Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “you will always eat with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
419 2SA 9 8 fvp8 figs-rquestion 0 What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am? This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
420 2SA 9 8 j13e figs-metaphor 0 such a dead dog Here Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and he compares himself to a “dead dog.” Dogs were feral animals, not cared for, and of little importance. A dead dog would be considered even less important. Alternate translation: “such a person like me who is worthless as a dead dog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
421 2SA 9 10 cb8w figs-metonymy 0 must always eat at my table Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “must always eat with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
422 2SA 9 10 ae24 writing-background 0 Now Ziba … servants Here “now” makes a break in the main story line. The narrator gives background information about Ziba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
484 2SA 11 8 f1gh figs-metonymy 0 wash your feet This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. Alternate translation: “rest for the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
485 2SA 11 8 s4b9 figs-metonymy 0 the king sent a gift for Uriah David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
486 2SA 11 9 fp1u 0 his master The word “his” refers to Uriah and the word “master” refers to David.
487 2SA 11 10 p5tg figs-rquestion 0 Have you not come from a journey? Why did you not go down to your house? This rhetorical question is used to show David’s surprise that Uriah did not visit his wife. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “After coming from such a long journey, you should have gone down to your house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This rhetorical question is used to show David’s surprise that Uriah did not visit his wife. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “After coming from such a long journey, you should have gone down to your house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
488 2SA 11 11 t1wr figs-synecdoche 0 Israel and Judah This refers to their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
489 2SA 11 11 w65k figs-rquestion 0 How then can I go into my house … with my wife? This rhetorical question is used to emphasize Uriah’s refusal to visit his wife and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It would be wrong for me to go into my house … with my wife while the other soldiers in my army are in danger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
490 2SA 11 11 k6b2 figs-euphemism 0 to lie with my wife This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
501 2SA 11 18 g9kw figs-metonymy 0 Joab sent word to David The phrase “sent word” means that he sent a messenger to give a report. Alternate translation: “Joab sent a messenger to David to give a report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
502 2SA 11 20 a8wj figs-rquestion 0 Why did you go so near … from the wall? Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. These questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near to the city to fight. You should have known that they would shoot from the wall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
503 2SA 11 20 n65u figs-explicit 0 shoot from the wall This refers to men of the city shooting arrows down at their enemy from the top of the city wall. Alternate translation: “shoot arrows at you from the top of the city wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
504 2SA 11 21 h8q7 figs-rquestion 0 Who killed Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth? Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember how Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth was killed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember how Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth was killed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
505 2SA 11 21 h97r translate-names 0 Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth This is the name of a man. His father is also know by the name Gideon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
506 2SA 11 21 uf4w figs-rquestion 0 Did not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember he died at Thebez when a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the top of the wall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember he died at Thebez when a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the top of the wall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
507 2SA 11 21 zx1s 0 millstone a heavy stone that would roll, used to crush grain for making bread
508 2SA 11 21 g9p7 0 from the wall Alternate translation: “from the top of the city wall”
509 2SA 11 21 q6dz translate-names 0 Thebez This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
510 2SA 11 21 p6i4 figs-rquestion 0 Why did you go so near the wall? Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near the wall!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near the wall!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
511 2SA 11 23 ax3f 0 the gate Alternate translation: “the city gate”
512 2SA 11 24 jnl2 0 their shooters shot Alternate translation: “their shooters shot arrows”
513 2SA 11 24 ay8n figs-activepassive 0 some of the king’s servants were killed If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed some of the king’s servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
534 2SA 12 8 ty2v figs-metaphor 0 your master’s wives into your arms Here Yahweh describes David having his master’s wives as his own wives, by saying that they are “in his arms.” Alternate translation: “your master’s wives as your own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
535 2SA 12 8 v7tc figs-metaphor 0 I also gave you the house of Israel and Judah Here Yahweh speaks of how he gave David his authority as king over Israel and Judah as if he gave him the houses of Israel and Judah as a gift. The phrase “the house of” means “the people of.” Alternate translation: “I also gave you authority as king over the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
536 2SA 12 8 sr3v 0 if that had been too little Alternate translation: “if I had not given you enough”
537 2SA 12 9 nb14 figs-rquestion 0 So why have you despised … Yahweh, so as to do what is evil in his sight? This rhetorical question is used to rebuke David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised … Yahweh and should not have done what is evil in his sight!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This rhetorical question is used to rebuke David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised … Yahweh and should not have done what is evil in his sight!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
538 2SA 12 9 ctt1 figs-metaphor 0 what is evil in his sight Here “sight” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: “what he considers to be evil” or “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
539 2SA 12 9 iy29 figs-metonymy 0 You have struck down Uriah the Hittite with the sword David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle. The phrase “with the sword” represents how Uriah died in battle. Alternate translation: “You have arranged for Uriah the Hittite to die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
540 2SA 12 9 n595 figs-metonymy 0 You killed him with the sword of the army of Ammon David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle when Israel was fighting against Ammon. The phrase “with the sword” refers to how he died in battle. Alternate translation: “You arranged for him to die in battle against the army of Ammon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
558 2SA 12 18 f2jx figs-synecdoche 0 he did not listen to our voice The servants are referred to here by their voices to emphasize that they were speaking. Alternate translation: “he did not listen to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
559 2SA 12 18 ueh7 figs-explicit 0 the seventh day “day 7.” This refers to the seventh day after the baby was born. Alternate translation: “the seventh day after he was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
560 2SA 12 18 j2pi 0 Look This is used to get people’s attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
561 2SA 12 18 sz9x figs-rquestion 0 What might he do to himself if we tell him that the boy is dead?! The servants ask this rhetorical question to express their fear. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that he may harm himself if we tell him that the boy is dead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The servants ask this rhetorical question to express their fear. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that he may harm himself if we tell him that the boy is dead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
562 2SA 12 19 s1tv 0 were whispering together Alternate translation: “were speaking very quietly to each other”
563 2SA 12 19 mh6l 0 David perceived Alternate translation: “David understood”
564 2SA 12 20 aa4t 0 David arose Alternate translation: “David got up”
565 2SA 12 21 nx6q 0 General Information: These verses contain rhetorical questions that emphasize that David realizes that Yahweh has allowed this to happen.
566 2SA 12 22 p2za figs-rquestion 0 Who knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me, that the child may live? David asked this rhetorical question to empathize that no one knew if Yahweh would let the child live. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me so that the child may live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David asked this rhetorical question to empathize that no one knew if Yahweh would let the child live. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me so that the child may live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
567 2SA 12 23 pf4k figs-rquestion 0 But now he is dead, so why should I fast? David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that he no longer has a reason to fast. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now that he is dead it would be of no use to fast any longer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that he no longer has a reason to fast. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now that he is dead it would be of no use to fast any longer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
568 2SA 12 23 cc5p figs-rquestion 0 Can I bring him back again? David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that the boy cannot come back to life. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot bring him back to life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that the boy cannot come back to life. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot bring him back to life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
569 2SA 12 23 qs7p figs-explicit 0 I will go to him David implies that he will go to where his child is when he dies. Alternate translation: “When I die I will go to where he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
570 2SA 12 24 f8ut figs-doublet 0 went in to her and lay with her Both the phrase “went in to her” and the phrase “lay with her” refer to David having sexual relations with Bathsheba and emphasize what they did. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
571 2SA 12 25 m6ce figs-metonymy 0 he sent word through Nathan the prophet Here “word” refers to a message that Yahweh told Nathan to tell David. Alternate translation: “he sent Nathan to tell him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
636 2SA 13 27 kd8k figs-metaphor 0 Absalom pressed David Here the author speaks of Absalom urging David to let Amnon come as if he were putting physical pressure on him. Alternate translation: “Absalom begged David for Amnon to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
637 2SA 13 27 w3cs figs-synecdoche 0 all the king’s sons This does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. Alternate translation: “the rest of the king’s sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
638 2SA 13 28 yfb3 figs-explicit 0 Do not be afraid This implies that they do not need to be afraid of the consequences for killing Amnon. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the king’s son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
639 2SA 13 28 ev94 figs-rquestion 0 Have I not commanded you? Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you to do this.” or “I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you to do this.” or “I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
640 2SA 13 28 fa5u figs-ellipsis 0 not commanded you What Absalom has commanded them to do may be stated in the question. Alternate translation: “not commanded you to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
641 2SA 13 29 jr7q 0 every man This refers to the king’s sons who left the celebration.
642 2SA 13 30 jr55 writing-newevent 0 So it came about “It happened that.” This phrase is used here to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
693 2SA 14 12 l1s3 0 your servant To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
694 2SA 14 12 hy2e 0 speak a further word to “talk about something else to.” The woman is requesting to speak to the king about another topic.
695 2SA 14 12 mw9s figs-idiom 0 Speak on This is an idiom. The king was giving her permission to continue speaking. Alternate translation: “You may speak to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
696 2SA 14 13 ia2l figs-rquestion 0 Why then have you devised such a thing against the people of God? The woman asks this rhetorical question to rebuke David for how he has treated Absalom. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have just said proved that you did wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The woman asks this rhetorical question to rebuke David for how he has treated Absalom. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have just said proved that you did wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
697 2SA 14 13 t35u 0 the king is like someone who is guilty The woman compares the king to someone who is guilty to suggest that he is guilty without saying it directly. Alternate translation: “the king has declared himself guilty”
698 2SA 14 13 f3ci 0 his banished son Alternate translation: “his son whom he banished”
699 2SA 14 14 ll3p figs-simile 0 For we all must die, and we are like water spilled on the ground … up again Here the woman speaks of a person dying as if they were water being spilled on the ground. Alternate translation: “We all must die, and after we die we cannot be brought back to life again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
770 2SA 15 18 tp2a translate-numbers 0 six hundred men “600 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
771 2SA 15 19 u5p9 translate-names 0 Ittai This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
772 2SA 15 19 n5dh 0 Gittite Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
773 2SA 15 19 k4yp figs-rquestion 0 Why will you come with us? This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to go with us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to go with us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
774 2SA 15 20 dw1l figs-rquestion 0 why should I make you wander all over with us? This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to cause you to wander around with us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to cause you to wander around with us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
775 2SA 15 20 wfd5 figs-hyperbole 0 Since you just left yesterday Here “yesterday” is an exaggeration that emphasizes a short amount of time. Ittai the Gittite had lived there for several years. Alternate translation: “Since you have lived here only a short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
776 2SA 15 20 e3e8 figs-explicit 0 May loyalty and faithfulness go with you This is a blessing that David is giving to him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
777 2SA 15 21 m7sh figs-simile 0 As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. He compare the certainty the he will fulfill his promise to the certainty that Yahweh and the king are alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
800 2SA 15 32 fmi7 translate-names 0 Arkite This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
801 2SA 15 32 jt8s translate-symaction 0 with his coat torn and earth on his head This is an act showing shame or repentance. Here the word “earth” means dirt. Alternate translation: “He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
802 2SA 15 34 xy6g figs-explicit 0 you will confuse Ahithophel’s advice for me David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. Alternate translation: “you can serve me by opposing Ahithophel’s advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
803 2SA 15 35 fr9e figs-rquestion 0 Will you not have the priests Zadok and Abiathar with you? David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
804 2SA 15 35 rkm7 figs-hyperbole 0 whatever you hear This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
805 2SA 15 36 yg9d translate-names 0 Ahimaaz … Jonathan These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
806 2SA 15 36 z36k figs-synecdoche 0 by their hand The phrase “their hand” refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate translation: “their sons to tell me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
833 2SA 16 8 uqf8 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of Absalom Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “into the control of Absalom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
834 2SA 16 9 wg1j translate-names 0 Abishai See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
835 2SA 16 9 jz4r translate-names 0 Zeruiah See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
836 2SA 16 9 b6wq figs-rquestion 0 Why should this dead dog curse my master the king? Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This dead dog must not speak to the king this way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This dead dog must not speak to the king this way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
837 2SA 16 9 p79k figs-metaphor 0 this dead dog Here the man is being described as worthless by being compared to a dead dog. Alternate translation: “this worthless man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
838 2SA 16 10 i1pm figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah? This rhetorical question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to know what you think!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This rhetorical question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to know what you think!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
839 2SA 16 10 wrg4 0 Perhaps he is cursing me because Alternate translation: “He may be cursing me because”
840 2SA 16 10 g4rx figs-rquestion 0 Who then could say to him, ‘Why are you cursing the king? This is said as a rhetorical question to emphasize that the answer is “no one.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one then can ask him, ‘Why are you cursing the king?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This is said as a rhetorical question to emphasize that the answer is “no one.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one then can ask him, ‘Why are you cursing the king?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
841 2SA 16 11 y6it figs-explicit 0 my son, who was born from my body David describes his son this way to emphasize the close bond between a father and his son. Alternate translation: “my own son” or “my dear son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
842 2SA 16 11 l8bj figs-euphemism 0 wants to take my life This is a polite way to refer to killing someone. Alternate translation: “wants to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
843 2SA 16 11 znl2 figs-rquestion 0 How much more may this Benjamite now desire my ruin? David uses this rhetorical question to express that he is not surprised that the man wants to kill him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course this Benjamite desires my ruin!” or “I am not surprised this Benjamite desires my ruin as well!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David uses this rhetorical question to express that he is not surprised that the man wants to kill him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course this Benjamite desires my ruin!” or “I am not surprised this Benjamite desires my ruin as well!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
844 2SA 16 11 t9uf figs-metaphor 0 desire my ruin Here David describes the man’s desire to kill him as if David were something that the man wanted to ruin. Alternate translation: “desire me to be killed” or “desire to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
845 2SA 16 11 tb7g figs-idiom 0 Leave him alone and let him curse Here the phrase “leave him alone” means to not stop him from what he is doing. Alternate translation: “Do not stop him from cursing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
846 2SA 16 12 xk9r figs-idiom 0 will look at Here “looking” means “considering.” Alternate translation: “will consider” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
976 2SA 18 9 iq6e 0 dangling hanging or swinging loosely
977 2SA 18 9 eys5 0 between the ground and the sky Alternate translation: “in the air”
978 2SA 18 10 n893 0 Look Here this word is used to draw a person’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
979 2SA 18 11 w13x figs-rquestion 0 Why did you not strike him down to the ground? This rhetorical question means that he should have killed him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. The phrase “strike down” means to kill. Alternate translation: “You should have struck him down to the ground!” or “You should have killed him immediately!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) This rhetorical question means that he should have killed him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. The phrase “strike down” means to kill. Alternate translation: “You should have struck him down to the ground!” or “You should have killed him immediately!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
980 2SA 18 11 aik2 translate-bmoney 0 ten silver shekels This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “ten silver coins” or “110 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
981 2SA 18 11 xu84 0 belt This is a special belt that shows people that someone is a great soldier and should be honored.
982 2SA 18 12 m6ur translate-bmoney 0 a thousand silver shekels “1,000 silver shekels.” This can be stated in modern units. Alternate translation: “1,000 silver coins” or “11 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1037 2SA 19 10 h2rq figs-rquestion 0 why do you say nothing about bringing the king back? This means they should consider bringing David back now that Absalom was dead. The question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “we should be talking about bringing the king back.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1038 2SA 19 10 n7fv 0 the king This refers to David.
1039 2SA 19 11 ywv6 figs-idiom 0 sent to Zadok and to Abiathar This means that David sent a messenger to Zadok and Abiathar. Alternate translation: “sent a messenger to Zadok and to Abiathar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1040 2SA 19 11 jd6q figs-rquestion 0 Why are you the last to bring the king back … to bring him back to his palace? This rhetorical question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This rhetorical question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1041 2SA 19 11 d4d9 figs-abstractnouns 0 since the talk of all Israel favors the king, to bring The noun “talk” can be expressed with the verb “talk” or “speak.” Alternate translation: “since all Israel speaks favorably about the king and desires to bring” or “since what the people of Israel are saying is in the king’s favor, to bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1042 2SA 19 11 v8mv figs-metaphor 0 to bring the king back to his palace Here restoring the king’s authority to rule is spoken of as bringing him back to his palace. Alternate translation: “to restore the king’s authority as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1043 2SA 19 12 si3p figs-metaphor 0 You are my brothers, my flesh and bone The king uses these to phrases to emphasize that they are closely related. Being or having the same flesh is a metaphor for belonging to the same family or tribe. Alternate translation: “You are my brothers, and we have the same flesh and bone” or “You are my brothers, my close relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1044 2SA 19 12 n4pu figs-rquestion 0 Why then are you the last to bring back the king? This is the second rhetorical question here and it is also a rebuke for the elders of Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This is the second rhetorical question here and it is also a rebuke for the elders of Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1045 2SA 19 13 uf92 translate-names 0 Amasa See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1046 2SA 19 13 h28k figs-rquestion 0 Are you not my flesh and my bone? David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that they are related. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my flesh and my bones.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that they are related. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my flesh and my bones.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1047 2SA 19 13 f88h figs-metaphor 0 my flesh and my bone Here David speaks of them being related by saying that they have the same flesh and bones. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “my relative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1048 2SA 19 13 gk6u figs-idiom 0 God do so to me This is an idiom that means for God to kill him. Alternate translation: “May God kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1049 2SA 19 14 g6z6 figs-metonymy 0 he won the hearts Here the mens’ loyalty is referred to as their “hearts.” Alternate translation: “he won the loyalty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1059 2SA 19 19 s3zc figs-idiom 0 not take it to heart “To take something to heart” means to think about something seriously or to be bothered by it. Alternate translation: “not be bothered by it” or “forget about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1060 2SA 19 21 w2c6 translate-names 0 Abishai See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1061 2SA 19 21 p13v translate-names 0 Zeruiah See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1062 2SA 19 21 yth5 figs-rquestion 0 Should not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed? Abishai was angry at Shimei for cursing David and is suggesting that he should be killed. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Shimei should be put to death because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Abishai was angry at Shimei for cursing David and is suggesting that he should be killed. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Shimei should be put to death because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1063 2SA 19 21 spv5 figs-explicit 0 Yahweh’s anointed This refers to David. It means that he is the man that Yahweh had anointed as king. Alternate translation: “the man that Yahweh has anointed as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1064 2SA 19 22 dn85 figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you … that you should today be adversaries to me? David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1065 2SA 19 22 s4fe figs-rquestion 0 Will any man be put to death today in Israel? For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1066 2SA 19 22 f3ky figs-idiom 0 Will any man be put to death This phrase “put to death” means to be killed or executed. Alternate translation: “Will any man be killed” or “Will I order any man to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1067 2SA 19 22 t2u7 figs-rquestion 0 For do I not know that today I am king over Israel? Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are: (1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or (2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1073 2SA 19 27 jn77 figs-idiom 0 do what is good in your eyes This means to do what you think is right. Alternate translation: “do what you believe to be the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1074 2SA 19 28 rll4 figs-metaphor 0 all my father’s house were dead men before my master the king Mephibosheth speaks of how his relatives had deserved to be executed as if they had already been executed and were dead. Alternate translation: “all my father’s house deserved for my master the king to order them to be executed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1075 2SA 19 28 ww9q figs-metonymy 0 my father’s house This refers to his father’s relatives. Alternate translation: “my father’s relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1076 2SA 19 28 fa5b figs-rquestion 0 What right therefore have I that I should still cry any more to the king? Mephibosheth uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he has no right to request anything from the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I have no right to ask the king to do anything else for me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Mephibosheth uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he has no right to request anything from the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I have no right to ask the king to do anything else for me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1077 2SA 19 29 wt65 figs-rquestion 0 Why explain anything further? David uses this rhetorical question to tell him that he does not need to continue talking about his conflict with Ziba. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to explain this any further.” or “You certainly do not need to say any more.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David uses this rhetorical question to tell him that he does not need to continue talking about his conflict with Ziba. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to explain this any further.” or “You certainly do not need to say any more.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1078 2SA 19 31 yk1p translate-names 0 Barzillai See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1079 2SA 19 31 zak8 translate-names 0 Gileadite See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1080 2SA 19 31 w1ce translate-names 0 Rogelim See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1082 2SA 19 32 ffn7 translate-names 0 Mahanaim See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1083 2SA 19 32 cj9q translate-numbers 0 eighty years old “80 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1084 2SA 19 32 a2k7 0 had furnished the king with provisions Alternate translation: “had provided what the king needed”
1085 2SA 19 34 y2r5 figs-rquestion 0 How many days are left in the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem? Here Barzillai means that he is old and that there is no reason for him to accompany David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Here Barzillai means that he is old and that there is no reason for him to accompany David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1086 2SA 19 35 sy7w translate-numbers 0 eighty years old “80 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1087 2SA 19 35 n8fn figs-rquestion 0 Can I distinguish between good and bad? Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. Here “good” and “bad” refer to what is desirable and what is not. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot distinguish between what is desirable and what is not.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. Here “good” and “bad” refer to what is desirable and what is not. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot distinguish between what is desirable and what is not.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1088 2SA 19 35 d6qd figs-rquestion 0 Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot enjoy the taste of what I eat and drink.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot enjoy the taste of what I eat and drink.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1089 2SA 19 35 dgv2 figs-rquestion 0 Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women? Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot hear well the voices of singing men and singing women.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot hear well the voices of singing men and singing women.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1090 2SA 19 35 f2zi figs-rquestion 0 Why then should your servant be a burden to my master the king? Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not want to be a burden to the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your servant should not go with you and be a burden to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not want to be a burden to the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your servant should not go with you and be a burden to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1091 2SA 19 36 x8m1 figs-rquestion 0 Why should the king repay me with such a reward? Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not know why the king would reward him this way. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know why the king would repay me with such a great reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not know why the king would reward him this way. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know why the king would repay me with such a great reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1092 2SA 19 37 tj5t 0 General Information: Barzillai asks that Kimham be allowed to take his place instead with David.
1093 2SA 19 37 lt2a translate-names 0 Kimham This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1094 2SA 19 37 wef7 figs-explicit 0 by the grave of my father and my mother This does not mean that he wants to die right next to their graves, but rather, that he wants to die in the city where they are buried. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “where my father’s and my mother’s graves are” or “where my father and my mother are buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1098 2SA 19 40 hzp4 0 Kimham See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 19:37](../19/37.md).
1099 2SA 19 40 jw3n 0 All the army of Judah brought the king over, and also half the army of Israel Alternate translation: “All the army of Judah and half the army of Israel brought the king over”
1100 2SA 19 40 t9rb figs-ellipsis 0 brought the king over They crossed over the Jordan River with the king. Alternate translation: “escorted the king over the river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1101 2SA 19 41 sbd9 figs-rquestion 0 Why have our brothers, the men of Judah … and all David’s men with him? The men of Israel use this question to express that they feel betrayed by the people of Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not right that our brothers, the men of Judah, who did not support you as king, had the privilege of bringing you and your family back across the Jordan River.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The men of Israel use this question to express that they feel betrayed by the people of Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not right that our brothers, the men of Judah, who did not support you as king, had the privilege of bringing you and your family back across the Jordan River.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1102 2SA 19 41 r7ae figs-metaphor 0 stolen you away The men of Israel speak of how the men of Judah escorted the king across the river as if the king were something they stole that did not belong to them. Alternate translation: “taken you away from us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1103 2SA 19 41 hgi3 0 the Jordan the Jordan River
1104 2SA 19 42 nu1g figs-rquestion 0 Why then are you angry about this? The men of Judah ask this rhetorical question to rebuke the men of Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you have no reason to be upset about this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The men of Judah ask this rhetorical question to rebuke the men of Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you have no reason to be upset about this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1105 2SA 19 42 u3wj figs-rquestion 0 Have we eaten anything that the king had to pay for? Has he given us any gifts? The men of Judah ask the question to express that they have not taken anything from the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king has never paid for our food, and he has never given us any gifts.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The men of Judah ask the question to express that they have not taken anything from the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king has never paid for our food, and he has never given us any gifts.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1106 2SA 19 43 nbt3 figs-explicit 0 we have even more right to David than you “we have a greater claim to David than you do.” It may be helpful to state clearly what having “more right” means. Alternate translation: “we have more right to serve the king and to be with the king than you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1107 2SA 19 43 vc2s figs-rquestion 0 Why then did you despise us? The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1108 2SA 19 43 vlb7 figs-rquestion 0 Was not our proposal to bring back our king the first to be heard? The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1109 2SA 19 43 el5k 0 the words of the men of Judah were even more harsh than the words of the men of Israel Alternate translation: “the men of Judah spoke even more harshly than the men of Israel did”
1110 2SA 20 intro abck 0 # 2 Samuel 20 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sheba’s revolt<br>A man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judah’s king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br>Joab used an idiom “has lifted up his hand against the king, against David” meaning “revolted against David,” to explain why his army was attacking the city of Able. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1111 2SA 20 1 fz8c 0 to be at the same place This refers to the town of Gilgal.
1150 2SA 20 18 xv3v 0 that advice would end the matter Alternate translation: “that advice would solve the problem”
1151 2SA 20 19 l2yb figs-ellipsis 0 most peaceful and faithful in Israel This describes the cities. Alternate translation: “most peaceful and faithful cities in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1152 2SA 20 19 vb6k figs-metaphor 0 city that is a mother in Israel This speaks of the importance of this city among the nation of Israel as if it were a well respected mother. Alternate translation: “city that everyone in Israel respects like they would their mother” or “city that is very important and that Israel respects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1153 2SA 20 19 f7wf figs-rquestion 0 Why do you want to swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh? Here the woman uses a rhetorical question to suggest to Joab what they should not do. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not destroy the city that is Yahweh’s inheritance!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Here the woman uses a rhetorical question to suggest to Joab what they should not do. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not destroy the city that is Yahweh’s inheritance!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1154 2SA 20 19 h83g figs-metaphor 0 swallow up Here the woman speaks of the army destroying the city as if the city were food to be swallowed. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1155 2SA 20 19 v31s figs-metonymy 0 the inheritance of Yahweh Here the city is referred to as Yahweh’s inheritance to emphasize that it belongs to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a city that belongs to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1156 2SA 20 20 kn3j figs-idiom 0 Far be it, far be it from me, that I should He repeats this phrase to emphasize that this is something he would never do. Alternate translation: “Truly, truly, I would never” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1317 2SA 23 3 w218 figs-parallelism 0 The one who rules righteously over men, who rules in the fear of God These two sentences both say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1318 2SA 23 3 a7ac 0 in the fear of God Alternate translation: “respecting God”
1319 2SA 23 4 er3p figs-simile 0 He will be like the morning light … sunshine after rain Here God is comparing the king to the morning light and sunshine after the rain. These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. These two phrases have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “He will be a delight to all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1320 2SA 23 5 hef3 figs-rquestion 0 Indeed, is my family not like this before God? Here David is saying that he agrees with God. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family is indeed like this before God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Here David is saying that he agrees with God. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family is indeed like this before God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1321 2SA 23 5 n1tt figs-rquestion 0 Has he not made … way? David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He has indeed made … way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He has indeed made … way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1322 2SA 23 5 gq5b 0 ordered and sure This means God’s covenant is properly organized and will not change so David’s family can trust it.
1323 2SA 23 5 r8xz figs-rquestion 0 Does he not increase my salvation … desire? David believes that God will always help him and cause him to prosper. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He increases my salvation and gives me my every desire.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David believes that God will always help him and cause him to prosper. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He increases my salvation and gives me my every desire.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1324 2SA 23 6 abg3 0 General Information: This concludes David’s last words.
1325 2SA 23 6 ic15 figs-simile 0 But the worthless will all be like thorns to be thrown away Here the wicked person is compared to useless thorns. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the wicked person is worthless and dangerous like thorns we throw away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1326 2SA 23 6 dgn8 0 because they cannot be gathered by one’s hands Alternate translation: “because no one can pick them up with his hands without the thorns hurting him”
1340 2SA 23 14 f68v 0 in his stronghold Alternate translation: “in his protected place”
1341 2SA 23 14 pej4 0 the Philistines had established at Bethlehem Alternate translation: “some Philistines soldiers were controlling the village of Bethlehem”
1342 2SA 23 16 r8yf 0 broke through the army Alternate translation: “fought their way through the enemy army”
1343 2SA 23 17 nz91 figs-rquestion 0 Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives? David compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Drinking this water would be like drinking the blood of those men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) David compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Drinking this water would be like drinking the blood of those men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1344 2SA 23 18 jjf7 0 Abishai … Zeruiah These are the names of men. Translate them as in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
1345 2SA 23 18 xve2 0 captain over the three This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David.
1346 2SA 23 18 cs6f translate-numbers 0 three hundred men “300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1347 2SA 23 18 gxa6 figs-activepassive 0 He was often mentioned along with the three soldiers If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People often mentioned him when they spoke about the three bravest men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1348 2SA 23 19 ir5c figs-rquestion 0 Was he not even more famous than the three? This question is used to emphasize how famous he was. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He was even more famous than the three.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This question is used to emphasize how famous he was. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He was even more famous than the three.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1349 2SA 23 19 gph9 0 three most famous soldiers This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah. Abishai was not as famous as these soldiers.
1350 2SA 23 20 l41w translate-names 0 Kabzeel This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1351 2SA 23 20 g72h 0 Jehoiada This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
1394 2SA 24 16 y4es translate-names 0 Araunah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1395 2SA 24 16 ug3p 0 the threshing floor A threshing floor was a hard, flat surface where edible grain was separated from chaff.
1396 2SA 24 17 c2r6 figs-parallelism 0 I have sinned, and I have acted perversely These phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I have sinned terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1397 2SA 24 17 b9vn figs-rquestion 0 But these sheep, what have they done? David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “These ordinary people have done nothing wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “These ordinary people have done nothing wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1398 2SA 24 17 e2dt figs-metonymy 0 Please let your hand punish me Here the metonym “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “Please punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1399 2SA 24 20 q15a translate-symaction 0 bowed to the king with his face to the ground He was showing deep respect and honor to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1400 2SA 24 21 r7k9 figs-activepassive 0 so that the plague may be removed from the people If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh will remove this plague from the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

14
en_tn_11-1KI.tsv
View File

@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 15 5 w6dj figs-explicit 0 except only in the matter of Uriah the Hittite This is a general way to refer to the situation with Uriah. It can be stated more clearly what this matter was. Alternate translation: “except for what he did to Uriah the Hittite” or “except when he caused Uriah the Hittite to be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1KI 15 6 n25z figs-synecdoche 0 between Rehoboam and Jeroboam These kings represent themselves and their armies. Rehoboam was Abijah’s father. Alternate translation: “between the armies of Rehoboam and Jeroboam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1KI 15 6 c8zy 0 all the days of Abijah’s life Alternate translation: “the whole time that Abijah lived”
1KI 15 7 sm1j figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Abijah is in this other book. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 15 7 sm1j figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Abijah is in this other book. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 15 7 s4gi figs-activepassive 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? This can stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone has written about this in the book of the events of the kings of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 15 7 yd6z figs-synecdoche 0 between Abijah and Jeroboam The names “Abijah” and “Jeroboam” represent the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “between the armies of Abijah and Jeroboam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1KI 15 8 p4ez figs-metaphor 0 Abijah slept with his ancestors In this euphemism, sleeping represents dying. Alternate translation: “Abijah died as his ancestors had” or “Like his ancestors, Abaijah died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 15 21 n32w figs-metonymy 0 he stopped building up Ramah King Baasha did this by telling his workers to do this. Alternate translation: “he had his workers stop building up Ramah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1KI 15 21 lb5i 0 Tirzah This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md).
1KI 15 22 gnh4 0 No one was exempted This can also be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Every one had to obey King Asa’s proclamation”
1KI 15 23 w5tx figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Abijah is in this other book. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 15 23 w5tx figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Abijah is in this other book. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 15 23 w7sz figs-activepassive 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has written about this in the book of the events of the kings of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 15 24 tq8e figs-metaphor 0 Asa slept with his ancestors Sleeping here is a euphemism which represents dying. Alternate translation: “Asa died as his ancestors had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1KI 15 24 fa26 figs-activepassive 0 was buried with them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him with his ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 16 3 lj8b 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Baasha what he will do to him.
1KI 16 3 hht4 figs-123person 0 See, I will completely sweep away Baasha and his family Yahweh is speaking to Baasha, and the phrase “his family” refers to Baasha’s family. This can be translated using the words “you” and “your.” Alternate translation: “Listen, Baasha. I will completely sweep away you and your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1KI 16 3 v2qh figs-metaphor 0 I will completely sweep away Sweeping away represents destroying. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 16 5 t3j3 figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Baasha is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 16 5 t3j3 figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Baasha is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 16 5 l8gg figs-activepassive 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 16 6 xf6i figs-metaphor 0 Baasha slept with his ancestors Sleeping is a euphemism that represents dying. Alternate translation: “Baasha died as his ancestors had” or “Like his ancestors, Baasha died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1KI 16 6 fp23 figs-activepassive 0 was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 16 13 qs12 0 they had led Israel to sin Here the word “Israel” refers to the ten northern tribes of Israel. Baasha and Elah had been their king.
1KI 16 13 xwa9 figs-explicit 0 they provoked Yahweh, the God of Israel, to anger with their idols God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “they made Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1KI 16 13 ny8r 0 the God of Israel Here the word “Israel” refers to all of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob.
1KI 16 14 ft5q figs-rquestion 0 are they not written … kings of Israel? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Elah is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 16 14 ft5q figs-rquestion 0 are they not written … kings of Israel? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Elah is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 16 14 bu87 figs-activepassive 0 are they not written … Israel? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 16 15 uz3t 0 Tirzah This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md).
1KI 16 15 r7bx 0 the army was camped by Gibbethon The word “army” refers to the army of the kingdom of Israel.
@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 16 19 a7t3 figs-metaphor 0 walking in the way of Jeroboam Here walking represents behaving. Alternate translation: “doing the same things that Jeroboam had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 16 19 ldy3 figs-metaphor 0 so as to lead Israel to sin Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. Alternate translation: “so as to influence Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 16 20 i7gi figs-explicit 0 the treason that he carried out This treason refers to Zimri’s plot to kill Elah, the king of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “how he plotted against King Elah” or “how he killed the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1KI 16 20 b9u9 figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Zimri is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. See how you translated a similar phrase concerning Judah in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 16 20 b9u9 figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Zimri is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. See how you translated a similar phrase concerning Judah in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 16 20 ai9u figs-activepassive 0 are they not written … Israel? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 16 21 g8g1 figs-metaphor 0 followed Tibni … followed Omri Here “followed” represents supporting or wanting to make him king. Alternate translation: “supported Tibni son of Ginath, to make him king, and half supported Omri” or “wanted to make Tibni son of Ginath king, and half wanted to make Omri king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1KI 16 22 va8c 0 were stronger than the people who followed Tibni Alternate translation: “overpowered the people who followed Tibni”
@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 16 26 yj3n figs-explicit 0 to provoke Yahweh … to be angry with their worthless idols God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 16:13](../16/13.md). Alternate translation: “to make Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1KI 16 26 w3zc figs-distinguish 0 their worthless idols The word “worthless” here reminds people that idols are worthless because they cannot do anything. Alternate translation: “their idols, which are worthless” or “their idols, which are useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1KI 16 26 nw91 0 the God of Israel Here the word “Israel” refers to all of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob.
1KI 16 27 zmg3 figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Omri is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 16 27 zmg3 figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Omri is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 16 27 rt47 figs-activepassive 0 are they not written … Israel? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1KI 16 28 a9le figs-metaphor 0 Omri slept with his ancestors The euphemism “sleeping” here represents dying. Alternate translation: “Omri died as his ancestors had” or “Like his ancestors, Omri died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1KI 16 28 gt7t figs-metaphor 0 became king in his place The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Omri” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1KI 18 19 n9nh translate-numbers 0 450 prophets “four hundred and fifty prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 18 19 nzp4 translate-numbers 0 four hundred prophets “400 prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1KI 18 20 vwk2 figs-synecdoche 0 sent word to … and gathered “Word” represents Ahab’s message and is also a metonym for the messenger who delivered the message. This is a common statement used with the meaning understood. Alternate translation: “sent a message to … and gathered” or “sent a messenger to summon … to gather” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1KI 18 21 v7v9 figs-rquestion 0 How long will you keep changing your mind? Elijah asks this question to urge the people to make a decision. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have been indecisive for long enough.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 18 21 v7v9 figs-rquestion 0 How long will you keep changing your mind? Elijah asks this question to urge the people to make a decision. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have been indecisive for long enough.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1KI 18 21 na5a 0 did not answer him a word Alternate translation: “did not say anything” or “were silent”
1KI 18 22 l1ig 0 I, I alone, am left The word “I” is repeated for emphasis.
1KI 18 22 z9im translate-numbers 0 450 men “four hundred and fifty men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
986 1KI 15 5 w6dj figs-explicit 0 except only in the matter of Uriah the Hittite This is a general way to refer to the situation with Uriah. It can be stated more clearly what this matter was. Alternate translation: “except for what he did to Uriah the Hittite” or “except when he caused Uriah the Hittite to be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
987 1KI 15 6 n25z figs-synecdoche 0 between Rehoboam and Jeroboam These kings represent themselves and their armies. Rehoboam was Abijah’s father. Alternate translation: “between the armies of Rehoboam and Jeroboam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
988 1KI 15 6 c8zy 0 all the days of Abijah’s life Alternate translation: “the whole time that Abijah lived”
989 1KI 15 7 sm1j figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Abijah is in this other book. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Abijah is in this other book. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
990 1KI 15 7 s4gi figs-activepassive 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? This can stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone has written about this in the book of the events of the kings of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
991 1KI 15 7 yd6z figs-synecdoche 0 between Abijah and Jeroboam The names “Abijah” and “Jeroboam” represent the kings and their armies. Alternate translation: “between the armies of Abijah and Jeroboam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
992 1KI 15 8 p4ez figs-metaphor 0 Abijah slept with his ancestors In this euphemism, sleeping represents dying. Alternate translation: “Abijah died as his ancestors had” or “Like his ancestors, Abaijah died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1013 1KI 15 21 n32w figs-metonymy 0 he stopped building up Ramah King Baasha did this by telling his workers to do this. Alternate translation: “he had his workers stop building up Ramah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1014 1KI 15 21 lb5i 0 Tirzah This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md).
1015 1KI 15 22 gnh4 0 No one was exempted This can also be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Every one had to obey King Asa’s proclamation”
1016 1KI 15 23 w5tx figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Abijah is in this other book. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Abijah is in this other book. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1017 1KI 15 23 w7sz figs-activepassive 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Judah? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has written about this in the book of the events of the kings of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1018 1KI 15 24 tq8e figs-metaphor 0 Asa slept with his ancestors Sleeping here is a euphemism which represents dying. Alternate translation: “Asa died as his ancestors had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1019 1KI 15 24 fa26 figs-activepassive 0 was buried with them If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him with his ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1055 1KI 16 3 lj8b 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues telling Baasha what he will do to him.
1056 1KI 16 3 hht4 figs-123person 0 See, I will completely sweep away Baasha and his family Yahweh is speaking to Baasha, and the phrase “his family” refers to Baasha’s family. This can be translated using the words “you” and “your.” Alternate translation: “Listen, Baasha. I will completely sweep away you and your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1057 1KI 16 3 v2qh figs-metaphor 0 I will completely sweep away Sweeping away represents destroying. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1058 1KI 16 5 t3j3 figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Baasha is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Baasha is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1059 1KI 16 5 l8gg figs-activepassive 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1060 1KI 16 6 xf6i figs-metaphor 0 Baasha slept with his ancestors Sleeping is a euphemism that represents dying. Alternate translation: “Baasha died as his ancestors had” or “Like his ancestors, Baasha died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1061 1KI 16 6 fp23 figs-activepassive 0 was buried If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1079 1KI 16 13 qs12 0 they had led Israel to sin Here the word “Israel” refers to the ten northern tribes of Israel. Baasha and Elah had been their king.
1080 1KI 16 13 xwa9 figs-explicit 0 they provoked Yahweh, the God of Israel, to anger with their idols God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “they made Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1081 1KI 16 13 ny8r 0 the God of Israel Here the word “Israel” refers to all of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob.
1082 1KI 16 14 ft5q figs-rquestion 0 are they not written … kings of Israel? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Elah is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Elah is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1083 1KI 16 14 bu87 figs-activepassive 0 are they not written … Israel? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1084 1KI 16 15 uz3t 0 Tirzah This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1 Kings 14:17](../14/17.md).
1085 1KI 16 15 r7bx 0 the army was camped by Gibbethon The word “army” refers to the army of the kingdom of Israel.
1091 1KI 16 19 a7t3 figs-metaphor 0 walking in the way of Jeroboam Here walking represents behaving. Alternate translation: “doing the same things that Jeroboam had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1092 1KI 16 19 ldy3 figs-metaphor 0 so as to lead Israel to sin Leading people to do something represents influencing them to do it. Alternate translation: “so as to influence Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1093 1KI 16 20 i7gi figs-explicit 0 the treason that he carried out This treason refers to Zimri’s plot to kill Elah, the king of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “how he plotted against King Elah” or “how he killed the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1094 1KI 16 20 b9u9 figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Zimri is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. See how you translated a similar phrase concerning Judah in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Zimri is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. See how you translated a similar phrase concerning Judah in [1 Kings 14:29](../14/29.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1095 1KI 16 20 ai9u figs-activepassive 0 are they not written … Israel? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1096 1KI 16 21 g8g1 figs-metaphor 0 followed Tibni … followed Omri Here “followed” represents supporting or wanting to make him king. Alternate translation: “supported Tibni son of Ginath, to make him king, and half supported Omri” or “wanted to make Tibni son of Ginath king, and half wanted to make Omri king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1097 1KI 16 22 va8c 0 were stronger than the people who followed Tibni Alternate translation: “overpowered the people who followed Tibni”
1108 1KI 16 26 yj3n figs-explicit 0 to provoke Yahweh … to be angry with their worthless idols God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 16:13](../16/13.md). Alternate translation: “to make Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1109 1KI 16 26 w3zc figs-distinguish 0 their worthless idols The word “worthless” here reminds people that idols are worthless because they cannot do anything. Alternate translation: “their idols, which are worthless” or “their idols, which are useless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1110 1KI 16 26 nw91 0 the God of Israel Here the word “Israel” refers to all of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob.
1111 1KI 16 27 zmg3 figs-rquestion 0 are they not written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel? This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Omri is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This question is used to either inform or remind the readers that the information about Omri is in this other book. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:31](../15/31.md). Alternate translation: “they are written in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1112 1KI 16 27 rt47 figs-activepassive 0 are they not written … Israel? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone has written about them in the book of the events of the kings of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1113 1KI 16 28 a9le figs-metaphor 0 Omri slept with his ancestors The euphemism “sleeping” here represents dying. Alternate translation: “Omri died as his ancestors had” or “Like his ancestors, Omri died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1114 1KI 16 28 gt7t figs-metaphor 0 became king in his place The phrase “in his place” is a metaphor meaning “instead of him.” Alternate translation: “became king instead of Omri” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1199 1KI 18 19 n9nh translate-numbers 0 450 prophets “four hundred and fifty prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1200 1KI 18 19 nzp4 translate-numbers 0 four hundred prophets “400 prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1201 1KI 18 20 vwk2 figs-synecdoche 0 sent word to … and gathered “Word” represents Ahab’s message and is also a metonym for the messenger who delivered the message. This is a common statement used with the meaning understood. Alternate translation: “sent a message to … and gathered” or “sent a messenger to summon … to gather” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1202 1KI 18 21 v7v9 figs-rquestion 0 How long will you keep changing your mind? Elijah asks this question to urge the people to make a decision. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have been indecisive for long enough.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Elijah asks this question to urge the people to make a decision. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have been indecisive for long enough.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1203 1KI 18 21 na5a 0 did not answer him a word Alternate translation: “did not say anything” or “were silent”
1204 1KI 18 22 l1ig 0 I, I alone, am left The word “I” is repeated for emphasis.
1205 1KI 18 22 z9im translate-numbers 0 450 men “four hundred and fifty men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

44
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@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 2 16 tz77 figs-explicit 0 See now, among your servants there are fifty strong men. Let them go These men are referring to themselves when they say “fifty strong men.” Alternate translation: “See now, we are fifty strong men and we are now your servants. Let us go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 2 16 pig4 translate-numbers 0 fifty strong men “50 strong men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 2 17 x4m5 figs-explicit 0 But when they urged Elisha until he was ashamed The sons of the prophets kept asking Elisha until he felt bad about saying “no.” Alternate translation: “They kept asking Elisha until he felt bad for denying their request, so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 2 18 s7q6 figs-rquestion 0 Did I not say to you, ‘Do not go’? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he had told them previously what would happen. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I told you that you should not go, because you would not find him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 2 18 s7q6 figs-rquestion 0 Did I not say to you, ‘Do not go’? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he had told them previously what would happen. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I told you that you should not go, because you would not find him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 2 19 s884 0 The men of the city Alternate translation: “The leaders of the city”
2KI 2 19 k9c8 figs-explicit 0 the situation of this city is pleasant This means that the city is located in a good place. Alternate translation: “this city is in a good place” or “this city is in a good location” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 2 19 jfc3 0 as my master can see The men refer to Elisha here as “my master” to honor him.
@ -97,14 +97,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 3 8 cld5 0 By way of the wilderness of Edom Alternate translation: “By going through the wilderness of Edom”
2KI 3 9 luy3 figs-synecdoche 0 the king of Israel went with the king of Judah and the king of Edom This refers to the kings accompanied by their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of Israel and his army went with the king of Judah and his army and the king of Edom and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 3 9 ei9n 0 They wandered around This could mean: (1) the kings were not sure where they were going, and so they changed direction often or (2) the kings knew where they were going and they walked around Moab ([2 Kings 3:8](../03/08.md)).
2KI 3 10 w5es figs-rquestion 0 What is this? Has Yahweh called three kings to give them into the hand of Moab? The king uses a rhetorical question to emphasize how ridiculous and terrible their situation is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 3 10 w5es figs-rquestion 0 What is this? Has Yahweh called three kings to give them into the hand of Moab? The king uses a rhetorical question to emphasize how ridiculous and terrible their situation is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 3 10 lze9 figs-synecdoche 0 to give them into the hand of Moab Here “Moab” refers to its army. Also, “the hand of Moab” refers to the “control” of Moab’s army. Alternate translation: “to give us over to Moab’s control” or “so the army of Moab will defeat us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 3 11 m7as figs-rquestion 0 Is there not here a prophet of Yahweh, that we may consult Yahweh by him? Jehoshaphat uses a rhetorical question here to state that he is certain that there is a prophet there and to find out where he is. Alternate translation: “I am sure there is a prophet of Yahweh here! Tell me where one is, so we may consult Yahweh by him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 3 11 ql15 translate-names 0 Shaphat This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 3 11 y2h5 figs-idiom 0 who poured water on the hands of Elijah This idiom means that he was Elijah’s helper. The phrase “poured water on the hands” is a description of one of the ways he served Elijah. Alternate translation: “who was a helper to Elijah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 3 12 gjn5 figs-explicit 0 The word of Yahweh is with him This means that he is a prophet and that Yahweh tells him what to say. Alternate translation: “He speaks what Yahweh tells him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 3 12 xm7z figs-explicit 0 went down to him They went to see Elijah and to consult with him about what they should do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “went to see Elisha to ask him what they should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 3 13 r7z3 figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he and the king have nothing in common. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have nothing to do with you.” or “I have nothing in common with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 3 13 r7z3 figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he and the king have nothing in common. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have nothing to do with you.” or “I have nothing in common with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 3 13 b5fg figs-metonymy 0 to give them into the hand of Moab Here the “hand of Moab” refers the Moab’s “control.” Alternate translation: “to give them over to the control of Moab” or “to allow them to be captured by the Moabite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 3 14 y4by figs-simile 0 As Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely “As I know that Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely.” Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty that, if it were not for Jehoshaphat being there, he would not pay attention to Joram. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “As surely as Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, I promise you, if it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2KI 3 14 g8m7 figs-metaphor 0 before whom I stand Here serving Yahweh is spoken of as standing in his presence. Alternate translation: “whom I serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 4 42 p26j translate-numbers 0 twenty loaves “20 loaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 4 42 h26n 0 from the new harvest Alternate translation: “made from the grain from the new harvest”
2KI 4 42 xa59 0 fresh ears of grain “fresh heads of grain.” This refers to grain from the new harvest.
2KI 4 43 l9rl figs-rquestion 0 What, should I set this before a hundred men? The man uses this rhetorical question to imply that this is not enough bread to feed 100 men. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “That is not enough to feed a hundred men!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 4 43 l9rl figs-rquestion 0 What, should I set this before a hundred men? The man uses this rhetorical question to imply that this is not enough bread to feed 100 men. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “That is not enough to feed a hundred men!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 4 43 tp2l translate-numbers 0 a hundred men “100 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2KI 4 44 ra7w figs-metonymy 0 the word of Yahweh Here Yahweh is referred to by what he said. This phrase is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 5 intro n1ty 0 # 2 Kings 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The stories of Elisha’s miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 5 5 kp6b translate-numbers 0 ten talents of silver, six thousand pieces of gold “10 talents of silver, 6,000 pieces of gold.” This can be written in modern measurements. Alternate translation: “330 kilograms of sliver, 6,000 pieces of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2KI 5 5 ge56 figs-explicit 0 took with him ten … clothes This were gifts from the king of Aram for the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “took with him ten … clothes, which were gifts for the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 5 7 q6lq translate-symaction 0 he tore his clothes Often people would rip their clothes if they were in great distress. Alternate translation: “he ripped his clothes to show his distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2KI 5 7 ief7 figs-rquestion 0 Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man wants me to cure a man of his leprosy? The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the request of the king of Aram is outrageous and something he cannot do. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king of Aram must think I am some sort of God, with the power over death and life! He wants me to cure this man of his leprosy, but I cannot do that.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 5 7 ief7 figs-rquestion 0 Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man wants me to cure a man of his leprosy? The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the request of the king of Aram is outrageous and something he cannot do. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king of Aram must think I am some sort of God, with the power over death and life! He wants me to cure this man of his leprosy, but I cannot do that.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 5 7 v9df figs-explicit 0 It seems he is seeking to start an argument with me The king of Israel did not believe the request to heal Naamam was the real reason for the letter. He thought the real reason was to start a fight. Alternate translation: “It seems he is looking for an excuse to start a fight with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 5 8 ck82 0 General Information: Elisha talks to the King of Israel about Naaman.
2KI 5 8 uj3n figs-rquestion 0 Why have you torn your clothes? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to the king that he does not need to be distressed and tear his clothes. Alternate translation: “There is no need to be distressed and tear your clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -231,9 +231,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 5 11 kr9b 0 Look This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2KI 5 11 z6ex figs-metonymy 0 the name of Yahweh Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 5 11 an1r 0 over the place Alternate translation: “over the diseased area of my skin” or “over my leprosy”
2KI 5 12 yxw5 figs-rquestion 0 Are not Abanah and Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the Abanah and the Pharpar are better rivers than the Jordan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The Abanah and the Pharpar Rivers, in my home country of Aram, are much better than any of the rivers of Israel! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 5 12 yxw5 figs-rquestion 0 Are not Abanah and Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the Abanah and the Pharpar are better rivers than the Jordan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The Abanah and the Pharpar Rivers, in my home country of Aram, are much better than any of the rivers of Israel! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 5 12 i532 translate-names 0 Abanah and Pharpar These are the names of rivers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 5 12 iln3 figs-rquestion 0 Can I not bathe in them and be clean? Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he could have bathed in the other rivers easily. He believes that bathing in them could heal him just as bathing in the Jordan could. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should have just bathed in them and been healed!” or “I could just as easily have bathed in them and been healed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2KI 5 12 iln3 figs-rquestion 0 Can I not bathe in them and be clean? Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he could have bathed in the other rivers easily. He believes that bathing in them could heal him just as bathing in the Jordan could. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should have just bathed in them and been healed!” or “I could just as easily have bathed in them and been healed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2KI 5 12 d7lx 0 went away in a rage Alternate translation: “was very angry as he walked away”
2KI 5 13 vet4 0 My father The servants were showing respect to Naaman by addressing him as “my father” or “sir.”
2KI 5 13 yvc6 figs-rquestion 0 would you not have done it? The servant uses this question to carefully rebuke Naaman. Alternate translation: “you surely would have done it!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -271,8 +271,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 5 23 hvj3 0 laid them on two Alternate translation: “gave them to”
2KI 5 23 dk33 figs-explicit 0 Naaman urged Gehazi Naaman urged him to take gifts. Alternate translation: “Naaman urged Gehazi to take the gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 5 25 g7mt 0 Your servant Gehazi refers to himself here as Elisha’s servant.
2KI 5 26 vnd5 figs-rquestion 0 Was not my spirit with you when the man turned his chariot to meet you? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that Yahweh allowed him to see what Gehazi had done. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have realized that my spirit could see you when Naaman stopped his chariot and talked to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 5 26 db2t figs-rquestion 0 Is this a time to accept money … female servants? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that this is not the time take gifts. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is not the time to accept money … female servants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 5 26 vnd5 figs-rquestion 0 Was not my spirit with you when the man turned his chariot to meet you? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that Yahweh allowed him to see what Gehazi had done. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have realized that my spirit could see you when Naaman stopped his chariot and talked to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 5 26 db2t figs-rquestion 0 Is this a time to accept money … female servants? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that this is not the time take gifts. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is not the time to accept money … female servants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 5 27 zy6v 0 the leprosy of Naaman will be on you and your descendants This speaks of Gehazi and his descendant getting leprosy as if Naaman’s leprosy was taken from him and given to Gehazi. Alternate translation: “you and your descendants will have leprosy, just as Naaman had leprosy”
2KI 5 27 qcw4 figs-idiom 0 So Gehazi went out from his presence The phrase “his presence” refers to the area where Elisha could see him. This means that he left the room where Elisha was. Alternate translation: “When Gehazi left the room, he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 5 27 j8kw figs-simile 0 as white as snow Leprosy makes skin white. Here Gehazi’s leprous skin is compared to the color of snow. Alternate translation: “with skin that was white like snow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 6 9 e7xw 0 Be careful not to pass that place, for the Arameans are going down there Elisha knew the specific place that the Arameans were going to set up their camp and advised the king of Israel for his soldiers to avoid that area.
2KI 6 10 ta6i 0 to the place about which the man of God had spoken and warned him This refers to the place that Elisha had warned the king about in [2 Kings 6:9](../06/09.md).
2KI 6 10 dp7h figs-explicit 0 More than once or twice, when the king went there, he was on his guard Elisha would warn the king of where the Aramean army would attack so that he could alert the people before the attack happened. Alternate translation: “Elisha warned the king of Israel in this way several times and the Israelites were able to stay safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 6 11 uas1 figs-rquestion 0 Will you not tell me who among us is for the king of Israel? The king of Aram assumes there is a traitor among his soldiers who is giving information to the Israelite king. He uses this rhetorical question to try to find out who that traitor is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me which of you is for the king of Israel!” or “Tell me which of you is revealing our plans to the king of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 6 11 uas1 figs-rquestion 0 Will you not tell me who among us is for the king of Israel? The king of Aram assumes there is a traitor among his soldiers who is giving information to the Israelite king. He uses this rhetorical question to try to find out who that traitor is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me which of you is for the king of Israel!” or “Tell me which of you is revealing our plans to the king of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 6 11 i6k1 figs-idiom 0 is for the king of Israel “To be for someone” means to be loyal to that person. In this case, it means that they would give information to help the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “is helping the king of Israel” or “is loyal to the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 6 12 j6i2 figs-explicit 0 No The servant is saying that none of the king’s soldiers are giving information to the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “It is none of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 6 12 utm2 0 my master, king This refers to the king of Aram.
@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 6 21 r85j 0 My father The king is speaking to Elisha the prophet and calling him “father” to show respect.
2KI 6 21 w4i5 figs-metonymy 0 should I kill them? Should I kill them? Here the king of Israel is referring to his army as himself. Alternate translation: “Should I order my army to kill these enemy soldiers?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 6 22 we2x 0 Elisha answered Elisha was replying to the king of Israel’s question.
2KI 6 22 uvl9 figs-rquestion 0 Would you kill those whom you had taken captive with your sword and bow? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to rebuke the king and tell him not to kill these men. The words “sword and bow” are a metonym for war in which soldiers use swords and bows and arrows. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You would not kill men whom you had captured in war, so you should not kill these men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 6 22 uvl9 figs-rquestion 0 Would you kill those whom you had taken captive with your sword and bow? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to rebuke the king and tell him not to kill these men. The words “sword and bow” are a metonym for war in which soldiers use swords and bows and arrows. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You would not kill men whom you had captured in war, so you should not kill these men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 6 22 p6iq figs-synecdoche 0 Put bread and water before them, that they may eat and drink Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Give them food to eat and water to drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 6 22 ga8c 0 go to their master This refers to the king of Aram.
2KI 6 23 bl78 figs-metonymy 0 So the king prepared much food for them The king ordered his servants to prepare the food. He did not prepare the food himself. Alternate translation: “Then the king ordered his servants to prepare a lot of food for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -343,8 +343,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 6 26 s9jn 0 was passing by on the wall Alternate translation: “walking on top of the city wall”
2KI 6 26 ver8 0 my master The woman referred to the king by this name to show him respect.
2KI 6 27 hhf3 0 He said Alternate translation: “The king of Israel answered the woman,”
2KI 6 27 i7qs figs-rquestion 0 If Yahweh does not help you, how can I help you? The king uses this rhetorical question to tell the woman that he cannot help her. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “If Yahweh is not helping you, then I cannot help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 6 27 x15q figs-rquestion 0 Is there anything coming from the threshing floor or winepress? The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no food available. Here the threshing floor refers to grain and the winepress refers to wine. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing coming from the threshing floor or the winepress.” or “There is no food to harvest or any grapes to make wine to drink.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 6 27 i7qs figs-rquestion 0 If Yahweh does not help you, how can I help you? The king uses this rhetorical question to tell the woman that he cannot help her. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “If Yahweh is not helping you, then I cannot help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 6 27 x15q figs-rquestion 0 Is there anything coming from the threshing floor or winepress? The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no food available. Here the threshing floor refers to grain and the winepress refers to wine. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing coming from the threshing floor or the winepress.” or “There is no food to harvest or any grapes to make wine to drink.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 6 28 ud9v 0 The king continued “The king said.” This means that they continued talking.
2KI 6 29 x1zj 0 we boiled Alternate translation: “we cooked”
2KI 6 30 b5qa figs-metonymy 0 heard the words of the woman The words “the words” are a metonym for what the woman said. Alternate translation: “heard the woman tell what she and the other woman had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 6 31 se8b figs-explicit 0 if the head of Elisha son of Shaphat remains on him today This refers to Elisha dying, specifically be being beheaded. Alternate translation: “if Elisha son of Shaphat is not beheaded today” or “if my soldiers do not behead Elisha son of Shaphat today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 6 32 l5iz figs-idiom 0 The king sent a man from before him “To be before the king” means to be one of his servants. Alternate translation: “The king of Israel sent one of his servants as a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 6 32 q454 figs-explicit 0 when the messenger came to Elisha, he said to the elders Here Elisha is speaking to the elders right before the king’s messenger arrived. Alternate translation: “when the messenger had almost arrived, Elisha said to the elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 6 32 n9c4 figs-rquestion 0 See how this son of a murderer has sent to take away my head? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to draw attention to the kings messenger and to insult the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “See, this son of a murderer has sent someone to remove my head!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 6 32 n9c4 figs-rquestion 0 See how this son of a murderer has sent to take away my head? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to draw attention to the kings messenger and to insult the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “See, this son of a murderer has sent someone to remove my head!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 6 32 vw57 figs-idiom 0 son of a murderer This means that the king of Israel has the characteristics of a murderer. Alternate translation: “this man who is like a murderer” or “that murderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 6 32 evx7 figs-ellipsis 0 has sent to It is understood that he sent a person. Alternate translation: “has sent someone to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2KI 6 32 xt8t figs-euphemism 0 to take away my head This means to behead him. Alternate translation: “to cut off my head” or “to behead me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@ -366,18 +366,18 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 6 33 qg92 figs-explicit 0 the messenger came down to him The messenger arrived, and so did the king, as Elisha had said he would. The phrase “came down to him” means that they arrived at the place where he was. Alternate translation: “the messenger and the king arrived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2KI 6 33 q6nq 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
2KI 6 33 hk72 0 this trouble “Indeed, this trouble.” The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. The phrase “this trouble” refers to the famine in Samaria and the suffering it caused.
2KI 6 33 txv7 figs-explicit 0 Why should I wait for Yahweh any longer? This king use this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not believe that Yahweh is going to help them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Why should I continue to wait for Yahweh to help us?” or “I will not wait any longer for help from Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 6 33 txv7 figs-explicit 0 Why should I wait for Yahweh any longer? This king use this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not believe that Yahweh is going to help them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Why should I continue to wait for Yahweh to help us?” or “I will not wait any longer for help from Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 7 intro tr2p 0 # 2 Kings 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The stories of Elisha’s miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Fear<br>God caused the army of Aram to hear the sound of an enormous army approaching so they all ran away leaving all their food behind.
2KI 7 1 tu65 figs-explicit 0 a measure of fine flour will be sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel It is implied that the Israelites will be paying less money for these item than they had been. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will sell a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2KI 7 1 cq3p translate-bvolume 0 a measure of fine flour … two measures of barley Here the word “measure” translates the word “seah,” which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. Alternate translation: “7 liters of fine flour…14 liters of barley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
2KI 7 1 y4hp translate-bmoney 0 a shekel A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “about 11 grams of silver” or “one silver coin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
2KI 7 2 su6x figs-metaphor 0 the captain on whose hand the king leaned A high ranking captain who was the king’s personal assistant is spoken of as if he was a person on whom the king leaned his hand. Alternate translation: “the captain who was close to the king” or “the captain who was the king’s personal assistant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 7 2 s4x6 figs-metaphor 0 even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven Yahweh causing much rain to fall in order to make the crops grow is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening windows in heaven through which he pours down rain. Alternate translation: “even if Yahweh were to cause much rain to fall from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 7 2 wdq1 figs-rquestion 0 can this thing happen? The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “this could never happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 7 2 wdq1 figs-rquestion 0 can this thing happen? The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “this could never happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 7 2 wqh6 figs-synecdoche 0 you will watch it happen with your own eyes The phrase “with your own eyes” emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. Alternate translation: “you yourself will watch these things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 7 2 d4g8 0 but you will not eat any of it Alternate translation: “but you will not eat any of the flour or barely”
2KI 7 3 fjf7 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer starts to tell a new part of the story.
2KI 7 3 bwd4 figs-rquestion 0 Why should we sit here until we die? Although there were four men, probably only one of them asks this question. The question is rhetorical and emphasizes that they should not do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly we should not sit here until we die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 7 3 bwd4 figs-rquestion 0 Why should we sit here until we die? Although there were four men, probably only one of them asks this question. The question is rhetorical and emphasizes that they should not do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly we should not sit here until we die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 7 4 phg1 0 If they keep us alive, we will live, and if they kill us, we will only die The four men with leprosy are saying that the Arameans might feed them so that they can live, or they might kill them, which would be no worse since they would die anyway.
2KI 7 5 s9aa 0 at twilight This refers to the early evening after the sun has set, but before it is dark.
2KI 7 5 wz76 0 the outermost part Alternate translation: “the edge”
@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 7 19 n3ly writing-endofstory 0 General Information: In this verse, the writer summarizes what happened by repeating the events that he described in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
2KI 7 19 g1xx 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
2KI 7 19 gkc2 figs-metaphor 0 even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven Yahweh causing much rain to fall in order to make the crops grow is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening windows in heaven through which he pours down rain. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “even if Yahweh were to cause much rain to fall from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 7 19 k7aj figs-rquestion 0 can this thing happen? The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “this could never happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 7 19 k7aj figs-rquestion 0 can this thing happen? The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “this could never happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 7 19 z799 figs-synecdoche 0 you will watch it happen with your own eyes The phrase “with your own eyes” emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “you yourself will watch these things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2KI 7 19 e8ni 0 but you will not eat any of it Alternate translation: “but you will not eat any of the flour or barley”
2KI 8 intro bje7 0 # 2 Kings 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The stories of Elisha’s miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Kings<br>Elisha told Hazael that he would be king of Aram. Jehoram became king of Judah. He was evil so Edom and Libna revolted and chose their own kings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 8 12 mwe9 0 dash in pieces their little ones “crush their little children.” This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children.
2KI 8 12 c5cf figs-metonymy 0 kill their young men with the sword This means that the men will be killed in battle. The sword was the main weapon used in battle. Alternate translation: “kill their young men in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 8 12 m5j3 figs-explicit 0 rip open their pregnant women Specifically this refers to tear open their stomachs. Alternate translation: “rip open the stomachs of their pregnant women with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 8 13 t6fk figs-rquestion 0 Who is your servant, that he should do this great thing? Hazel refers to himself here as Elisha’s servant. Hazel uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not think he could do the terrible things that Elisha has said. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I could never do such great things!” or “Who am I, that I would have the power to do such things?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 8 13 t6fk figs-rquestion 0 Who is your servant, that he should do this great thing? Hazel refers to himself here as Elisha’s servant. Hazel uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not think he could do the terrible things that Elisha has said. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I could never do such great things!” or “Who am I, that I would have the power to do such things?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 8 13 jrg4 0 this great thing “this terrible thing.” Here the word “great” refers to something that has a large effect and is terrible.
2KI 8 13 pk37 figs-metaphor 0 He is only a dog Hazael is talking about himself. He speaks of his low status and lack of influence by comparing himself to a dog. Here a dog represents a lowly animal. Alternate translation: “I am as powerless as a dog” or “I am as powerless as a lowly animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 8 14 u24x 0 came to his master The phrase “his master” refers to Ben Hadad.
@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 9 29 dnx1 figs-explicit 0 in the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab This describes the time that Ahaziah began to reign by stating how long the current king of Israel had reigned. Alternate translation: “in the eleventh year that Joram son of Ahab was king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 9 29 j1he translate-ordinal 0 eleventh year “11th year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2KI 9 30 fnb3 0 painted her eyes, arranged her hair Alternate translation: “put on makeup, made her hair look nice”
2KI 9 31 fcb2 figs-rquestion 0 Are you coming in peace, you Zimri, your master’s murderer? Jezebel uses this rhetorical question to accuse Jehu of not coming peacefully. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are certainly not coming in peace, you Zimri, your master’s murderer!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 9 31 fcb2 figs-rquestion 0 Are you coming in peace, you Zimri, your master’s murderer? Jezebel uses this rhetorical question to accuse Jehu of not coming peacefully. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are certainly not coming in peace, you Zimri, your master’s murderer!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 9 31 p3ch figs-metaphor 0 you Zimri, your master’s murderer Here Jezebel calls Jehu “Zimri” to say that he is a murderer. Zimri was a commander of the army of Israel who murdered the king of Israel because he wanted to be king. Alternate translation: “you murdered your master, just like Zimri murdered his master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 9 31 z2ve translate-names 0 Zimri This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2KI 9 32 pup7 figs-idiom 0 Who is on my side To “be on someone’s side” means to be loyal to them and supportive of them. Alternate translation: “Who is loyal to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 10 9 r1rc 0 Jehu went out and stood Alternate translation: “Jehu went to the city gate and stood before the people”
2KI 10 9 k9nc figs-explicit 0 You are innocent It can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram” or (2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Joram’s family. Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family” or “You are innocent of this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2KI 10 9 dic5 0 See Jehu uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Hear my words”
2KI 10 9 apq9 figs-rquestion 0 but who killed all these? Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab’s 70 descendants” or (2) Alternate translation: “but it was Yahweh’s will for these men to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 10 9 apq9 figs-rquestion 0 but who killed all these? Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab’s 70 descendants” or (2) Alternate translation: “but it was Yahweh’s will for these men to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 10 10 tky4 0 certainly realize Alternate translation: “understand” or “be aware of the fact that”
2KI 10 10 qm1a figs-metaphor 0 no part of Yahweh’s word … will fall to the ground This speaks of everything happening that Yahweh has said will happen as if it were something that did not die and fall to the ground. Alternate translation: “No part of Yahweh’s word … will fail” or “every part of Yahweh’s word … will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2KI 10 10 dxa2 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has done This speaks of Yahweh causing Ahab’s descendants to be killed as if he killed them himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1426,7 +1426,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2KI 24 3 eb3l 0 remove them out of his sight Alternate translation: “get rid of them” or “destroy them”
2KI 24 4 bik2 figs-metonymy 0 innocent blood that he shed Blood is a metonym for innocent life, and shedding blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. Alternate translation: “innocent people whom he killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 24 4 xy8v figs-metonymy 0 he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood Blood is a metonym for innocent life, and shedding blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. Alternate translation: “he killed many innocent people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2KI 24 5 en3p figs-activepassive 0 are they not written … Judah? This is written as a rhetorical question because at the time this was written people were already aware of this information. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. It can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are indeed written … Judah.” or “you can find them … Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 24 5 en3p figs-activepassive 0 are they not written … Judah? This is written as a rhetorical question because at the time this was written people were already aware of this information. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. It can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are indeed written … Judah.” or “you could find them … Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2KI 24 6 nt1z figs-euphemism 0 slept with his ancestors Sleeping is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “died and was buried along with his ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2KI 24 7 yjf2 0 The king of Egypt did not attack any more out of his land Alternate translation: “The king of Egypt did not come out of his land any more to attack other people groups”
2KI 24 8 zka9 translate-names 0 Nehushta … Elnathan Nehushta is the name of a woman. Elnathan is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
65 2KI 2 16 tz77 figs-explicit 0 See now, among your servants there are fifty strong men. Let them go These men are referring to themselves when they say “fifty strong men.” Alternate translation: “See now, we are fifty strong men and we are now your servants. Let us go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
66 2KI 2 16 pig4 translate-numbers 0 fifty strong men “50 strong men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
67 2KI 2 17 x4m5 figs-explicit 0 But when they urged Elisha until he was ashamed The sons of the prophets kept asking Elisha until he felt bad about saying “no.” Alternate translation: “They kept asking Elisha until he felt bad for denying their request, so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
68 2KI 2 18 s7q6 figs-rquestion 0 Did I not say to you, ‘Do not go’? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he had told them previously what would happen. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I told you that you should not go, because you would not find him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he had told them previously what would happen. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I told you that you should not go, because you would not find him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
69 2KI 2 19 s884 0 The men of the city Alternate translation: “The leaders of the city”
70 2KI 2 19 k9c8 figs-explicit 0 the situation of this city is pleasant This means that the city is located in a good place. Alternate translation: “this city is in a good place” or “this city is in a good location” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
71 2KI 2 19 jfc3 0 as my master can see The men refer to Elisha here as “my master” to honor him.
97 2KI 3 8 cld5 0 By way of the wilderness of Edom Alternate translation: “By going through the wilderness of Edom”
98 2KI 3 9 luy3 figs-synecdoche 0 the king of Israel went with the king of Judah and the king of Edom This refers to the kings accompanied by their armies. Alternate translation: “the king of Israel and his army went with the king of Judah and his army and the king of Edom and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
99 2KI 3 9 ei9n 0 They wandered around This could mean: (1) the kings were not sure where they were going, and so they changed direction often or (2) the kings knew where they were going and they walked around Moab ([2 Kings 3:8](../03/08.md)).
100 2KI 3 10 w5es figs-rquestion 0 What is this? Has Yahweh called three kings to give them into the hand of Moab? The king uses a rhetorical question to emphasize how ridiculous and terrible their situation is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The king uses a rhetorical question to emphasize how ridiculous and terrible their situation is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “It looks like Yahweh will allow all three of us to be captured by Moab!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
101 2KI 3 10 lze9 figs-synecdoche 0 to give them into the hand of Moab Here “Moab” refers to its army. Also, “the hand of Moab” refers to the “control” of Moab’s army. Alternate translation: “to give us over to Moab’s control” or “so the army of Moab will defeat us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
102 2KI 3 11 m7as figs-rquestion 0 Is there not here a prophet of Yahweh, that we may consult Yahweh by him? Jehoshaphat uses a rhetorical question here to state that he is certain that there is a prophet there and to find out where he is. Alternate translation: “I am sure there is a prophet of Yahweh here! Tell me where one is, so we may consult Yahweh by him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
103 2KI 3 11 ql15 translate-names 0 Shaphat This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
104 2KI 3 11 y2h5 figs-idiom 0 who poured water on the hands of Elijah This idiom means that he was Elijah’s helper. The phrase “poured water on the hands” is a description of one of the ways he served Elijah. Alternate translation: “who was a helper to Elijah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
105 2KI 3 12 gjn5 figs-explicit 0 The word of Yahweh is with him This means that he is a prophet and that Yahweh tells him what to say. Alternate translation: “He speaks what Yahweh tells him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
106 2KI 3 12 xm7z figs-explicit 0 went down to him They went to see Elijah and to consult with him about what they should do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “went to see Elisha to ask him what they should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
107 2KI 3 13 r7z3 figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he and the king have nothing in common. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have nothing to do with you.” or “I have nothing in common with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he and the king have nothing in common. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have nothing to do with you.” or “I have nothing in common with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
108 2KI 3 13 b5fg figs-metonymy 0 to give them into the hand of Moab Here the “hand of Moab” refers the Moab’s “control.” Alternate translation: “to give them over to the control of Moab” or “to allow them to be captured by the Moabite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
109 2KI 3 14 y4by figs-simile 0 As Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely “As I know that Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, surely.” Here Elisha compares the certainty that Yahweh is alive to the certainty that, if it were not for Jehoshaphat being there, he would not pay attention to Joram. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “As surely as Yahweh of hosts lives, before whom I stand, I promise you, if it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
110 2KI 3 14 g8m7 figs-metaphor 0 before whom I stand Here serving Yahweh is spoken of as standing in his presence. Alternate translation: “whom I serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
208 2KI 4 42 p26j translate-numbers 0 twenty loaves “20 loaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
209 2KI 4 42 h26n 0 from the new harvest Alternate translation: “made from the grain from the new harvest”
210 2KI 4 42 xa59 0 fresh ears of grain “fresh heads of grain.” This refers to grain from the new harvest.
211 2KI 4 43 l9rl figs-rquestion 0 What, should I set this before a hundred men? The man uses this rhetorical question to imply that this is not enough bread to feed 100 men. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “That is not enough to feed a hundred men!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The man uses this rhetorical question to imply that this is not enough bread to feed 100 men. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “That is not enough to feed a hundred men!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
212 2KI 4 43 tp2l translate-numbers 0 a hundred men “100 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
213 2KI 4 44 ra7w figs-metonymy 0 the word of Yahweh Here Yahweh is referred to by what he said. This phrase is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
214 2KI 5 intro n1ty 0 # 2 Kings 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The stories of Elisha’s miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
222 2KI 5 5 kp6b translate-numbers 0 ten talents of silver, six thousand pieces of gold “10 talents of silver, 6,000 pieces of gold.” This can be written in modern measurements. Alternate translation: “330 kilograms of sliver, 6,000 pieces of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
223 2KI 5 5 ge56 figs-explicit 0 took with him ten … clothes This were gifts from the king of Aram for the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “took with him ten … clothes, which were gifts for the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
224 2KI 5 7 q6lq translate-symaction 0 he tore his clothes Often people would rip their clothes if they were in great distress. Alternate translation: “he ripped his clothes to show his distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
225 2KI 5 7 ief7 figs-rquestion 0 Am I God, to kill and to make alive, that this man wants me to cure a man of his leprosy? The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the request of the king of Aram is outrageous and something he cannot do. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king of Aram must think I am some sort of God, with the power over death and life! He wants me to cure this man of his leprosy, but I cannot do that.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the request of the king of Aram is outrageous and something he cannot do. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king of Aram must think I am some sort of God, with the power over death and life! He wants me to cure this man of his leprosy, but I cannot do that.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
226 2KI 5 7 v9df figs-explicit 0 It seems he is seeking to start an argument with me The king of Israel did not believe the request to heal Naamam was the real reason for the letter. He thought the real reason was to start a fight. Alternate translation: “It seems he is looking for an excuse to start a fight with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
227 2KI 5 8 ck82 0 General Information: Elisha talks to the King of Israel about Naaman.
228 2KI 5 8 uj3n figs-rquestion 0 Why have you torn your clothes? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize to the king that he does not need to be distressed and tear his clothes. Alternate translation: “There is no need to be distressed and tear your clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
231 2KI 5 11 kr9b 0 Look This word is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
232 2KI 5 11 z6ex figs-metonymy 0 the name of Yahweh Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
233 2KI 5 11 an1r 0 over the place Alternate translation: “over the diseased area of my skin” or “over my leprosy”
234 2KI 5 12 yxw5 figs-rquestion 0 Are not Abanah and Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the Abanah and the Pharpar are better rivers than the Jordan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The Abanah and the Pharpar Rivers, in my home country of Aram, are much better than any of the rivers of Israel! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that the Abanah and the Pharpar are better rivers than the Jordan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The Abanah and the Pharpar Rivers, in my home country of Aram, are much better than any of the rivers of Israel! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
235 2KI 5 12 i532 translate-names 0 Abanah and Pharpar These are the names of rivers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
236 2KI 5 12 iln3 figs-rquestion 0 Can I not bathe in them and be clean? Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he could have bathed in the other rivers easily. He believes that bathing in them could heal him just as bathing in the Jordan could. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should have just bathed in them and been healed!” or “I could just as easily have bathed in them and been healed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) Naaman uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he could have bathed in the other rivers easily. He believes that bathing in them could heal him just as bathing in the Jordan could. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should have just bathed in them and been healed!” or “I could just as easily have bathed in them and been healed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
237 2KI 5 12 d7lx 0 went away in a rage Alternate translation: “was very angry as he walked away”
238 2KI 5 13 vet4 0 My father The servants were showing respect to Naaman by addressing him as “my father” or “sir.”
239 2KI 5 13 yvc6 figs-rquestion 0 would you not have done it? The servant uses this question to carefully rebuke Naaman. Alternate translation: “you surely would have done it!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
271 2KI 5 23 hvj3 0 laid them on two Alternate translation: “gave them to”
272 2KI 5 23 dk33 figs-explicit 0 Naaman urged Gehazi Naaman urged him to take gifts. Alternate translation: “Naaman urged Gehazi to take the gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
273 2KI 5 25 g7mt 0 Your servant Gehazi refers to himself here as Elisha’s servant.
274 2KI 5 26 vnd5 figs-rquestion 0 Was not my spirit with you when the man turned his chariot to meet you? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that Yahweh allowed him to see what Gehazi had done. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have realized that my spirit could see you when Naaman stopped his chariot and talked to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that Yahweh allowed him to see what Gehazi had done. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have realized that my spirit could see you when Naaman stopped his chariot and talked to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
275 2KI 5 26 db2t figs-rquestion 0 Is this a time to accept money … female servants? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that this is not the time take gifts. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is not the time to accept money … female servants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Elisha uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that this is not the time take gifts. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is not the time to accept money … female servants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
276 2KI 5 27 zy6v 0 the leprosy of Naaman will be on you and your descendants This speaks of Gehazi and his descendant getting leprosy as if Naaman’s leprosy was taken from him and given to Gehazi. Alternate translation: “you and your descendants will have leprosy, just as Naaman had leprosy”
277 2KI 5 27 qcw4 figs-idiom 0 So Gehazi went out from his presence The phrase “his presence” refers to the area where Elisha could see him. This means that he left the room where Elisha was. Alternate translation: “When Gehazi left the room, he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
278 2KI 5 27 j8kw figs-simile 0 as white as snow Leprosy makes skin white. Here Gehazi’s leprous skin is compared to the color of snow. Alternate translation: “with skin that was white like snow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
295 2KI 6 9 e7xw 0 Be careful not to pass that place, for the Arameans are going down there Elisha knew the specific place that the Arameans were going to set up their camp and advised the king of Israel for his soldiers to avoid that area.
296 2KI 6 10 ta6i 0 to the place about which the man of God had spoken and warned him This refers to the place that Elisha had warned the king about in [2 Kings 6:9](../06/09.md).
297 2KI 6 10 dp7h figs-explicit 0 More than once or twice, when the king went there, he was on his guard Elisha would warn the king of where the Aramean army would attack so that he could alert the people before the attack happened. Alternate translation: “Elisha warned the king of Israel in this way several times and the Israelites were able to stay safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
298 2KI 6 11 uas1 figs-rquestion 0 Will you not tell me who among us is for the king of Israel? The king of Aram assumes there is a traitor among his soldiers who is giving information to the Israelite king. He uses this rhetorical question to try to find out who that traitor is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me which of you is for the king of Israel!” or “Tell me which of you is revealing our plans to the king of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The king of Aram assumes there is a traitor among his soldiers who is giving information to the Israelite king. He uses this rhetorical question to try to find out who that traitor is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me which of you is for the king of Israel!” or “Tell me which of you is revealing our plans to the king of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
299 2KI 6 11 i6k1 figs-idiom 0 is for the king of Israel “To be for someone” means to be loyal to that person. In this case, it means that they would give information to help the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “is helping the king of Israel” or “is loyal to the king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
300 2KI 6 12 j6i2 figs-explicit 0 No The servant is saying that none of the king’s soldiers are giving information to the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “It is none of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
301 2KI 6 12 utm2 0 my master, king This refers to the king of Aram.
326 2KI 6 21 r85j 0 My father The king is speaking to Elisha the prophet and calling him “father” to show respect.
327 2KI 6 21 w4i5 figs-metonymy 0 should I kill them? Should I kill them? Here the king of Israel is referring to his army as himself. Alternate translation: “Should I order my army to kill these enemy soldiers?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
328 2KI 6 22 we2x 0 Elisha answered Elisha was replying to the king of Israel’s question.
329 2KI 6 22 uvl9 figs-rquestion 0 Would you kill those whom you had taken captive with your sword and bow? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to rebuke the king and tell him not to kill these men. The words “sword and bow” are a metonym for war in which soldiers use swords and bows and arrows. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You would not kill men whom you had captured in war, so you should not kill these men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Elisha uses this rhetorical question to rebuke the king and tell him not to kill these men. The words “sword and bow” are a metonym for war in which soldiers use swords and bows and arrows. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You would not kill men whom you had captured in war, so you should not kill these men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
330 2KI 6 22 p6iq figs-synecdoche 0 Put bread and water before them, that they may eat and drink Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Give them food to eat and water to drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
331 2KI 6 22 ga8c 0 go to their master This refers to the king of Aram.
332 2KI 6 23 bl78 figs-metonymy 0 So the king prepared much food for them The king ordered his servants to prepare the food. He did not prepare the food himself. Alternate translation: “Then the king ordered his servants to prepare a lot of food for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
343 2KI 6 26 s9jn 0 was passing by on the wall Alternate translation: “walking on top of the city wall”
344 2KI 6 26 ver8 0 my master The woman referred to the king by this name to show him respect.
345 2KI 6 27 hhf3 0 He said Alternate translation: “The king of Israel answered the woman,”
346 2KI 6 27 i7qs figs-rquestion 0 If Yahweh does not help you, how can I help you? The king uses this rhetorical question to tell the woman that he cannot help her. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “If Yahweh is not helping you, then I cannot help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The king uses this rhetorical question to tell the woman that he cannot help her. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “If Yahweh is not helping you, then I cannot help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
347 2KI 6 27 x15q figs-rquestion 0 Is there anything coming from the threshing floor or winepress? The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no food available. Here the threshing floor refers to grain and the winepress refers to wine. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing coming from the threshing floor or the winepress.” or “There is no food to harvest or any grapes to make wine to drink.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The king uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no food available. Here the threshing floor refers to grain and the winepress refers to wine. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing coming from the threshing floor or the winepress.” or “There is no food to harvest or any grapes to make wine to drink.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
348 2KI 6 28 ud9v 0 The king continued “The king said.” This means that they continued talking.
349 2KI 6 29 x1zj 0 we boiled Alternate translation: “we cooked”
350 2KI 6 30 b5qa figs-metonymy 0 heard the words of the woman The words “the words” are a metonym for what the woman said. Alternate translation: “heard the woman tell what she and the other woman had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
355 2KI 6 31 se8b figs-explicit 0 if the head of Elisha son of Shaphat remains on him today This refers to Elisha dying, specifically be being beheaded. Alternate translation: “if Elisha son of Shaphat is not beheaded today” or “if my soldiers do not behead Elisha son of Shaphat today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
356 2KI 6 32 l5iz figs-idiom 0 The king sent a man from before him “To be before the king” means to be one of his servants. Alternate translation: “The king of Israel sent one of his servants as a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
357 2KI 6 32 q454 figs-explicit 0 when the messenger came to Elisha, he said to the elders Here Elisha is speaking to the elders right before the king’s messenger arrived. Alternate translation: “when the messenger had almost arrived, Elisha said to the elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
358 2KI 6 32 n9c4 figs-rquestion 0 See how this son of a murderer has sent to take away my head? Elisha uses this rhetorical question to draw attention to the kings messenger and to insult the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “See, this son of a murderer has sent someone to remove my head!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Elisha uses this rhetorical question to draw attention to the kings messenger and to insult the king. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “See, this son of a murderer has sent someone to remove my head!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
359 2KI 6 32 vw57 figs-idiom 0 son of a murderer This means that the king of Israel has the characteristics of a murderer. Alternate translation: “this man who is like a murderer” or “that murderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
360 2KI 6 32 evx7 figs-ellipsis 0 has sent to It is understood that he sent a person. Alternate translation: “has sent someone to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
361 2KI 6 32 xt8t figs-euphemism 0 to take away my head This means to behead him. Alternate translation: “to cut off my head” or “to behead me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
366 2KI 6 33 qg92 figs-explicit 0 the messenger came down to him The messenger arrived, and so did the king, as Elisha had said he would. The phrase “came down to him” means that they arrived at the place where he was. Alternate translation: “the messenger and the king arrived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
367 2KI 6 33 q6nq 0 Behold Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
368 2KI 6 33 hk72 0 this trouble “Indeed, this trouble.” The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. The phrase “this trouble” refers to the famine in Samaria and the suffering it caused.
369 2KI 6 33 txv7 figs-explicit 0 Why should I wait for Yahweh any longer? This king use this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not believe that Yahweh is going to help them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Why should I continue to wait for Yahweh to help us?” or “I will not wait any longer for help from Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This king use this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not believe that Yahweh is going to help them. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Why should I continue to wait for Yahweh to help us?” or “I will not wait any longer for help from Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
370 2KI 7 intro tr2p 0 # 2 Kings 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The stories of Elisha’s miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Fear<br>God caused the army of Aram to hear the sound of an enormous army approaching so they all ran away leaving all their food behind.
371 2KI 7 1 tu65 figs-explicit 0 a measure of fine flour will be sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel It is implied that the Israelites will be paying less money for these item than they had been. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will sell a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
372 2KI 7 1 cq3p translate-bvolume 0 a measure of fine flour … two measures of barley Here the word “measure” translates the word “seah,” which is a unit of dry measurement equal to about 7 liters. Alternate translation: “7 liters of fine flour…14 liters of barley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
373 2KI 7 1 y4hp translate-bmoney 0 a shekel A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “about 11 grams of silver” or “one silver coin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
374 2KI 7 2 su6x figs-metaphor 0 the captain on whose hand the king leaned A high ranking captain who was the king’s personal assistant is spoken of as if he was a person on whom the king leaned his hand. Alternate translation: “the captain who was close to the king” or “the captain who was the king’s personal assistant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
375 2KI 7 2 s4x6 figs-metaphor 0 even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven Yahweh causing much rain to fall in order to make the crops grow is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening windows in heaven through which he pours down rain. Alternate translation: “even if Yahweh were to cause much rain to fall from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
376 2KI 7 2 wdq1 figs-rquestion 0 can this thing happen? The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “this could never happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “this could never happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
377 2KI 7 2 wqh6 figs-synecdoche 0 you will watch it happen with your own eyes The phrase “with your own eyes” emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. Alternate translation: “you yourself will watch these things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
378 2KI 7 2 d4g8 0 but you will not eat any of it Alternate translation: “but you will not eat any of the flour or barely”
379 2KI 7 3 fjf7 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer starts to tell a new part of the story.
380 2KI 7 3 bwd4 figs-rquestion 0 Why should we sit here until we die? Although there were four men, probably only one of them asks this question. The question is rhetorical and emphasizes that they should not do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly we should not sit here until we die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Although there were four men, probably only one of them asks this question. The question is rhetorical and emphasizes that they should not do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly we should not sit here until we die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
381 2KI 7 4 phg1 0 If they keep us alive, we will live, and if they kill us, we will only die The four men with leprosy are saying that the Arameans might feed them so that they can live, or they might kill them, which would be no worse since they would die anyway.
382 2KI 7 5 s9aa 0 at twilight This refers to the early evening after the sun has set, but before it is dark.
383 2KI 7 5 wz76 0 the outermost part Alternate translation: “the edge”
414 2KI 7 19 n3ly writing-endofstory 0 General Information: In this verse, the writer summarizes what happened by repeating the events that he described in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
415 2KI 7 19 g1xx 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
416 2KI 7 19 gkc2 figs-metaphor 0 even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven Yahweh causing much rain to fall in order to make the crops grow is spoken of as if Yahweh were opening windows in heaven through which he pours down rain. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “even if Yahweh were to cause much rain to fall from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
417 2KI 7 19 k7aj figs-rquestion 0 can this thing happen? The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “this could never happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The captain asks this question to express his unbelief. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “this could never happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
418 2KI 7 19 z799 figs-synecdoche 0 you will watch it happen with your own eyes The phrase “with your own eyes” emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](../07/02.md). Alternate translation: “you yourself will watch these things happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
419 2KI 7 19 e8ni 0 but you will not eat any of it Alternate translation: “but you will not eat any of the flour or barley”
420 2KI 8 intro bje7 0 # 2 Kings 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The stories of Elisha’s miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Kings<br>Elisha told Hazael that he would be king of Aram. Jehoram became king of Judah. He was evil so Edom and Libna revolted and chose their own kings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
448 2KI 8 12 mwe9 0 dash in pieces their little ones “crush their little children.” This is a brutal description of the soldiers killing children.
449 2KI 8 12 c5cf figs-metonymy 0 kill their young men with the sword This means that the men will be killed in battle. The sword was the main weapon used in battle. Alternate translation: “kill their young men in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
450 2KI 8 12 m5j3 figs-explicit 0 rip open their pregnant women Specifically this refers to tear open their stomachs. Alternate translation: “rip open the stomachs of their pregnant women with swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
451 2KI 8 13 t6fk figs-rquestion 0 Who is your servant, that he should do this great thing? Hazel refers to himself here as Elisha’s servant. Hazel uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not think he could do the terrible things that Elisha has said. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I could never do such great things!” or “Who am I, that I would have the power to do such things?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Hazel refers to himself here as Elisha’s servant. Hazel uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not think he could do the terrible things that Elisha has said. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I could never do such great things!” or “Who am I, that I would have the power to do such things?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
452 2KI 8 13 jrg4 0 this great thing “this terrible thing.” Here the word “great” refers to something that has a large effect and is terrible.
453 2KI 8 13 pk37 figs-metaphor 0 He is only a dog Hazael is talking about himself. He speaks of his low status and lack of influence by comparing himself to a dog. Here a dog represents a lowly animal. Alternate translation: “I am as powerless as a dog” or “I am as powerless as a lowly animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
454 2KI 8 14 u24x 0 came to his master The phrase “his master” refers to Ben Hadad.
563 2KI 9 29 dnx1 figs-explicit 0 in the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab This describes the time that Ahaziah began to reign by stating how long the current king of Israel had reigned. Alternate translation: “in the eleventh year that Joram son of Ahab was king of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
564 2KI 9 29 j1he translate-ordinal 0 eleventh year “11th year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
565 2KI 9 30 fnb3 0 painted her eyes, arranged her hair Alternate translation: “put on makeup, made her hair look nice”
566 2KI 9 31 fcb2 figs-rquestion 0 Are you coming in peace, you Zimri, your master’s murderer? Jezebel uses this rhetorical question to accuse Jehu of not coming peacefully. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are certainly not coming in peace, you Zimri, your master’s murderer!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Jezebel uses this rhetorical question to accuse Jehu of not coming peacefully. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are certainly not coming in peace, you Zimri, your master’s murderer!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
567 2KI 9 31 p3ch figs-metaphor 0 you Zimri, your master’s murderer Here Jezebel calls Jehu “Zimri” to say that he is a murderer. Zimri was a commander of the army of Israel who murdered the king of Israel because he wanted to be king. Alternate translation: “you murdered your master, just like Zimri murdered his master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
568 2KI 9 31 z2ve translate-names 0 Zimri This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
569 2KI 9 32 pup7 figs-idiom 0 Who is on my side To “be on someone’s side” means to be loyal to them and supportive of them. Alternate translation: “Who is loyal to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
604 2KI 10 9 r1rc 0 Jehu went out and stood Alternate translation: “Jehu went to the city gate and stood before the people”
605 2KI 10 9 k9nc figs-explicit 0 You are innocent It can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram” or (2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Joram’s family. Alternate translation: “You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family” or “You are innocent of this matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
606 2KI 10 9 dic5 0 See Jehu uses this word here to draw the peoples’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Hear my words”
607 2KI 10 9 apq9 figs-rquestion 0 but who killed all these? Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab’s 70 descendants” or (2) Alternate translation: “but it was Yahweh’s will for these men to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Jehu uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think deeply about the situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “but the men of Samaria are responsible for killing Ahab’s 70 descendants” or (2) Alternate translation: “but it was Yahweh’s will for these men to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
608 2KI 10 10 tky4 0 certainly realize Alternate translation: “understand” or “be aware of the fact that”
609 2KI 10 10 qm1a figs-metaphor 0 no part of Yahweh’s word … will fall to the ground This speaks of everything happening that Yahweh has said will happen as if it were something that did not die and fall to the ground. Alternate translation: “No part of Yahweh’s word … will fail” or “every part of Yahweh’s word … will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
610 2KI 10 10 dxa2 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh has done This speaks of Yahweh causing Ahab’s descendants to be killed as if he killed them himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused to happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1426 2KI 24 3 eb3l 0 remove them out of his sight Alternate translation: “get rid of them” or “destroy them”
1427 2KI 24 4 bik2 figs-metonymy 0 innocent blood that he shed Blood is a metonym for innocent life, and shedding blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. Alternate translation: “innocent people whom he killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1428 2KI 24 4 xy8v figs-metonymy 0 he filled Jerusalem with innocent blood Blood is a metonym for innocent life, and shedding blood is a metonym for killing innocent people. Alternate translation: “he killed many innocent people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1429 2KI 24 5 en3p figs-activepassive 0 are they not written … Judah? This is written as a rhetorical question because at the time this was written people were already aware of this information. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. It can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are indeed written … Judah.” or “you can find them … Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This is written as a rhetorical question because at the time this was written people were already aware of this information. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. It can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 8:23](../08/23.md). Alternate translation: “they are indeed written … Judah.” or “you could find them … Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1430 2KI 24 6 nt1z figs-euphemism 0 slept with his ancestors Sleeping is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “died and was buried along with his ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1431 2KI 24 7 yjf2 0 The king of Egypt did not attack any more out of his land Alternate translation: “The king of Egypt did not come out of his land any more to attack other people groups”
1432 2KI 24 8 zka9 translate-names 0 Nehushta … Elnathan Nehushta is the name of a woman. Elnathan is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

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en_tn_13-1CH.tsv
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@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 11 18 gqy9 figs-doublet 0 the well of Bethlehem, the well at the gate These two phrases refer to the same well. The second specifies which well in Bethlehem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Chronicles 11:17](../11/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1CH 11 18 y3z1 figs-explicit 0 he poured it out to Yahweh This means that he poured out the water as an offering to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CH 11 19 wk5w 0 May it be that I should never do this! Alternate translation: “May I never do something like this!” or “This is something I should never do!”
1CH 11 19 yv1k figs-metaphor 0 Should I drink the blood of these men who have risked their lives? David speaks of the water as if it were blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should not drink this water, which would be like drinking the blood of these men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 11 19 yv1k figs-metaphor 0 Should I drink the blood of these men who have risked their lives? David speaks of the water as if it were blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should not drink this water, which would be like drinking the blood of these men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 11 20 v7tf 0 Abishai See how you translated this man’s name in [1 Chronicles 2:16](../02/16.md).
1CH 11 20 kkt7 0 captain over the Three This means Abishai was the leader of the three men who went and got water for David.
1CH 11 20 sj8d translate-numbers 0 three hundred “300 men” or “300 warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 13 11 ek68 figs-activepassive 0 That place is called If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People call that place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CH 13 11 rh49 translate-names 0 Perez Uzzah This is the name of a place. Translator may add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Perez Uzzah’ means ‘the punishment of Uzzah.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 13 11 vjk3 0 to this day See how you translated this phrase in [1 Chronicles 4:43](../04/43.md)
1CH 13 12 luy7 figs-rquestion 0 How can I bring the ark of God home to me? David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 13 12 luy7 figs-rquestion 0 How can I bring the ark of God home to me? David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 13 13 us5x translate-names 0 Obed Edom the Gittite This is the name of a man. A “Gittite” is a person from the city of Gath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 13 14 a576 0 in Obed Edom’s household in his house Alternate translation: “with Obed Edom’s family in his house”
1CH 13 14 v7sp translate-numbers 0 three months “3 months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 17 15 iyr2 0 reported to him Alternate translation: “told him”
1CH 17 15 qt78 figs-metonymy 0 all these words Here “words” represents what Yahweh said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 17 16 i3uf 0 he said Alternate translation: “David said”
1CH 17 16 qx8e figs-rquestion 0 Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family, that you have brought me to this point? - David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 17 16 qx8e figs-rquestion 0 Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family, that you have brought me to this point? - David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 17 17 i65v 0 Connecting Statement: David continues to speak to Yahweh.
1CH 17 17 b7sy figs-idiom 0 this was a small thing Something that is not important is described as being small. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CH 17 17 d15a figs-metaphor 0 in your sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1067,7 +1067,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 17 20 ur5n figs-parallelism 0 there is none like you, and there is no God besides you These phrases have similar meaning and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CH 17 20 a57y figs-exclusive 0 as we have always heard Here “we” refers to David and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1CH 17 21 sm7k 0 Connecting Statement: David continues to speak to Yahweh.
1CH 17 21 zp4r figs-rquestion 0 what nation on earth … by great and awesome deeds? This question expects a negative answer to make the point that there was no other nation like Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is no nation on earth … by great and awesome deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 17 21 zp4r figs-rquestion 0 what nation on earth … by great and awesome deeds? This question expects a negative answer to make the point that there was no other nation like Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is no nation on earth … by great and awesome deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 17 21 dx5k figs-explicit 0 you rescued from Egypt The implied information is that they were rescued from slavery. Alternate translation: “you rescued from slavery in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CH 17 21 af1i figs-metonymy 0 to make a name for yourself Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “to make all people know who you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 17 21 m5i1 figs-metonymy 0 You drove out nations Here “nations” represents the people groups that were living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1135,8 +1135,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 19 2 dn3v translate-names 0 Nahash … Hanun These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CH 19 2 ql9n figs-abstractnouns 0 I will show kindness … showed kindness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will be kind … was kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CH 19 2 l5d4 0 console comfort
1CH 19 3 z7kg figs-rquestion 0 Do you think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you? The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 19 3 x9u2 figs-rquestion 0 Do not his servants come to you to explore and examine the land in order to overthrow it? The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely his servants come to you to explore the land in order to overthrow it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 19 3 z7kg figs-rquestion 0 Do you think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you? The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 19 3 x9u2 figs-rquestion 0 Do not his servants come to you to explore and examine the land in order to overthrow it? The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely his servants come to you to explore the land in order to overthrow it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 19 4 xtz3 figs-metonymy 0 So Hanun seized Hanun did not do this personally, but ordered his men to do it. Alternate translation: “So Hanun’s men seized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 19 4 em6h 0 their garments Alternate translation: “their clothes”
1CH 19 5 m8hd 0 he sent to meet with them Alternate translation: “David sent some messengers to encourage them”
@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1CH 21 16 kcf6 translate-symaction 0 clothed in sackcloth, lay facedown on the ground These were symbols of repentance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1CH 21 17 gb27 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not I that commanded that the army be numbered? David uses this question to emphasize that his is the one who sinned by counting the people. Alternate translation: “I am the one who commanded that the army be numbered.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 21 17 ff57 figs-metaphor 0 But these sheep David speaks of the people of Israel as if they were sheep, who are known for trusting and following their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CH 21 17 i7jv figs-rquestion 0 what have they done? David uses this question to asks God not to punish the people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they certainly have done nothing that deserves punishment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 21 17 i7jv figs-rquestion 0 what have they done? David uses this question to asks God not to punish the people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they certainly have done nothing that deserves punishment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CH 21 17 g5xg figs-metonymy 0 Let your hand strike me and my family Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power to punish. Alternate translation: “Punish me and my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CH 21 18 lye5 0 David should go up This is a reference to elevation. This threshing floor which became the future site of the temple was the highest point in Jerusalem.
1CH 21 18 uzj7 0 Ornan See how you translated this man’s name in [1 Chronicles 21:15](../21/15.md).

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
692 1CH 11 18 gqy9 figs-doublet 0 the well of Bethlehem, the well at the gate These two phrases refer to the same well. The second specifies which well in Bethlehem. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Chronicles 11:17](../11/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
693 1CH 11 18 y3z1 figs-explicit 0 he poured it out to Yahweh This means that he poured out the water as an offering to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
694 1CH 11 19 wk5w 0 May it be that I should never do this! Alternate translation: “May I never do something like this!” or “This is something I should never do!”
695 1CH 11 19 yv1k figs-metaphor 0 Should I drink the blood of these men who have risked their lives? David speaks of the water as if it were blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should not drink this water, which would be like drinking the blood of these men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David speaks of the water as if it were blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should not drink this water, which would be like drinking the blood of these men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
696 1CH 11 20 v7tf 0 Abishai See how you translated this man’s name in [1 Chronicles 2:16](../02/16.md).
697 1CH 11 20 kkt7 0 captain over the Three This means Abishai was the leader of the three men who went and got water for David.
698 1CH 11 20 sj8d translate-numbers 0 three hundred “300 men” or “300 warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
836 1CH 13 11 ek68 figs-activepassive 0 That place is called If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People call that place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
837 1CH 13 11 rh49 translate-names 0 Perez Uzzah This is the name of a place. Translator may add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Perez Uzzah’ means ‘the punishment of Uzzah.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
838 1CH 13 11 vjk3 0 to this day See how you translated this phrase in [1 Chronicles 4:43](../04/43.md)
839 1CH 13 12 luy7 figs-rquestion 0 How can I bring the ark of God home to me? David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
840 1CH 13 13 us5x translate-names 0 Obed Edom the Gittite This is the name of a man. A “Gittite” is a person from the city of Gath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
841 1CH 13 14 a576 0 in Obed Edom’s household in his house Alternate translation: “with Obed Edom’s family in his house”
842 1CH 13 14 v7sp translate-numbers 0 three months “3 months” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1049 1CH 17 15 iyr2 0 reported to him Alternate translation: “told him”
1050 1CH 17 15 qt78 figs-metonymy 0 all these words Here “words” represents what Yahweh said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1051 1CH 17 16 i3uf 0 he said Alternate translation: “David said”
1052 1CH 17 16 qx8e figs-rquestion 0 Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family, that you have brought me to this point? - David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1053 1CH 17 17 i65v 0 Connecting Statement: David continues to speak to Yahweh.
1054 1CH 17 17 b7sy figs-idiom 0 this was a small thing Something that is not important is described as being small. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1055 1CH 17 17 d15a figs-metaphor 0 in your sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1067 1CH 17 20 ur5n figs-parallelism 0 there is none like you, and there is no God besides you These phrases have similar meaning and are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1068 1CH 17 20 a57y figs-exclusive 0 as we have always heard Here “we” refers to David and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1069 1CH 17 21 sm7k 0 Connecting Statement: David continues to speak to Yahweh.
1070 1CH 17 21 zp4r figs-rquestion 0 what nation on earth … by great and awesome deeds? This question expects a negative answer to make the point that there was no other nation like Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is no nation on earth … by great and awesome deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This question expects a negative answer to make the point that there was no other nation like Israel. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is no nation on earth … by great and awesome deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1071 1CH 17 21 dx5k figs-explicit 0 you rescued from Egypt The implied information is that they were rescued from slavery. Alternate translation: “you rescued from slavery in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1072 1CH 17 21 af1i figs-metonymy 0 to make a name for yourself Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “to make all people know who you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1073 1CH 17 21 m5i1 figs-metonymy 0 You drove out nations Here “nations” represents the people groups that were living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1135 1CH 19 2 dn3v translate-names 0 Nahash … Hanun These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1136 1CH 19 2 ql9n figs-abstractnouns 0 I will show kindness … showed kindness If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will be kind … was kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1137 1CH 19 2 l5d4 0 console comfort
1138 1CH 19 3 z7kg figs-rquestion 0 Do you think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you? The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not think that David is honoring your father because he has sent men to comfort you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1139 1CH 19 3 x9u2 figs-rquestion 0 Do not his servants come to you to explore and examine the land in order to overthrow it? The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely his servants come to you to explore the land in order to overthrow it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The princes asked this question to turn the king against David. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely his servants come to you to explore the land in order to overthrow it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1140 1CH 19 4 xtz3 figs-metonymy 0 So Hanun seized Hanun did not do this personally, but ordered his men to do it. Alternate translation: “So Hanun’s men seized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1141 1CH 19 4 em6h 0 their garments Alternate translation: “their clothes”
1142 1CH 19 5 m8hd 0 he sent to meet with them Alternate translation: “David sent some messengers to encourage them”
1245 1CH 21 16 kcf6 translate-symaction 0 clothed in sackcloth, lay facedown on the ground These were symbols of repentance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1246 1CH 21 17 gb27 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not I that commanded that the army be numbered? David uses this question to emphasize that his is the one who sinned by counting the people. Alternate translation: “I am the one who commanded that the army be numbered.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1247 1CH 21 17 ff57 figs-metaphor 0 But these sheep David speaks of the people of Israel as if they were sheep, who are known for trusting and following their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1248 1CH 21 17 i7jv figs-rquestion 0 what have they done? David uses this question to asks God not to punish the people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they certainly have done nothing that deserves punishment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) David uses this question to asks God not to punish the people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they certainly have done nothing that deserves punishment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1249 1CH 21 17 g5xg figs-metonymy 0 Let your hand strike me and my family Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power to punish. Alternate translation: “Punish me and my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1250 1CH 21 18 lye5 0 David should go up This is a reference to elevation. This threshing floor which became the future site of the temple was the highest point in Jerusalem.
1251 1CH 21 18 uzj7 0 Ornan See how you translated this man’s name in [1 Chronicles 21:15](../21/15.md).

44
en_tn_14-2CH.tsv
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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 1 5 hy9f translate-names 0 Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 1 6 cal1 0 went up there Alternate translation: “went up to the high place at Gibeon”
2CH 1 6 ptf1 translate-numbers 0 one thousand “1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2CH 1 7 jhc5 0 Ask! What should I give you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Ask for whatever you want from me.”
2CH 1 7 jhc5 0 Ask! What should I give you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Ask for whatever you want from me.”
2CH 1 8 l8pa figs-abstractnouns 0 You have shown great covenant faithfulness to David If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “You have greatly and faithfully loved David” or “You have been very faithful to David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2CH 1 9 y1bm 0 Now Here the word “Now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2CH 1 9 p4wp figs-activepassive 0 let your promise to David my father be carried out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “please do what you promised to David my father that you would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 9 17 lgr9 translate-unknown 0 ivory Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals, such as the elephant, walrus, or hippopotamus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2CH 9 18 v6bc figs-explicit 0 two lions These were statues. Alternate translation: “two statues of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 9 20 h9zg translate-names 0 the House of the Forest of Lebanon Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:16](../09/16.md). This could mean: (1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or (2) this was the name of his whole palace. Alternate translation: “the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 9 20 i115 figs-activepassive 0 silver was not considered valuable in Solomon’s days Silver was so common in Solomon’s days that if a king wanted to show his wealth, he would not do it by making things out of silver. Instead he would use gold, which was less common and more valuable. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people did not value silver so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 9 20 i115 figs-activepassive 0 silver was not considered valuable in Solomon’s days Silver was so common in Solomon’s days that if a king wanted to show his wealth, he would not do it by making things out of silver. Instead he would use gold, which was less common and more valuable. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people did not value silver so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 9 20 d78i figs-explicit 0 in Solomon’s days Here “Solomon’s days” refers to the time when Solomon ruled. Alternate translation: “when Solomon ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 9 21 y4vx 0 a fleet of oceangoing ships Alternate translation: “a group of ships that travel on the ocean”
2CH 9 21 cbw6 0 along with the fleet of Hiram Alternate translation: “along with Hiram’s fleet of ships”
@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 12 14 pr1e figs-metonymy 0 he did not fix his heart to seek Yahweh Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts and desires. The idiom “fix his heart” means to determine to do something. Alternate translation: “he was not committed to seeking Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 12 14 uty9 figs-metaphor 0 to seek Yahweh Worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 12 15 hg8t figs-merism 0 first and last “from beginning to end.” These two words form a merism and refer to everything that Rehoboam did from the beginning of his reign to the end of his reign. Alternate translation: “everything that he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2CH 12 15 n1x7 figs-activepassive 0 are they not written … Jeroboam? This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written … Jeroboam.” or “you can read about them … Jeroboam.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 12 15 n1x7 figs-activepassive 0 are they not written … Jeroboam? This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written … Jeroboam.” or “you could read about them … Jeroboam.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 12 15 sh73 translate-names 0 Shemaiah … Iddo These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 12 15 y6gg figs-synecdoche 0 the constant wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam The names of the kings represent the armies that they led. Alternate translation: “the wars in which Rehoboam’s army and Jeroboam’s army constantly engaged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 12 16 f7ty translate-names 0 Abijah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -616,13 +616,13 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 13 2 ks67 figs-synecdoche 0 There was war between Abijah and Jeroboam The names of the kings represent the armies that they led. Alternate translation: “There was war between the army of Abijah and the army of Jeroboam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 13 3 crk5 translate-numbers 0 400,000 chosen men…800,000 chosen men “Four hundred thousand chosen men … eight hundred thousand chosen men.” The phrase “chosen men” is an idiom that refers to elite soldiers who were skilled in battle. Alternate translation: “400,000 skilled men…800,000 skilled men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 13 4 ai78 translate-names 0 Mount Zemaraim (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 13 5 hj4c figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know … by a formal covenant? Abijah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know very well … by a formal covenant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 13 5 hj4c figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know … by a formal covenant? Abijah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know very well … by a formal covenant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 13 7 xg3s 0 base fellows Alternate translation: “wicked men” or “evil men”
2CH 13 7 c3ni 0 gathered to him Alternate translation: “joined with Jeroboam”
2CH 13 8 pj8y figs-explicit 0 the kingdom of Yahweh This is a reference to a united Israel as it existed in the time of David and Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 13 8 bn3a figs-metonymy 0 that is held within the hand of the descendants of David Here the word “hand” represents authority and possession. Abijah is claiming that only the descendants of David have the rightful authority to rule Yahweh’s kingdom. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the descendants of David hold within their hand” or “which only the descendants of David have the authority to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2CH 13 8 p2rg figs-metonymy 0 the golden calves that Jeroboam made It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that Jeroboam had others make the golden calves. Alternate translation: “the golden calves that Jeroboam had his craftsmen make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 13 9 pz1r figs-rquestion 0 But did you not drive out … as the people of other lands do? Abijah asks this rhetorical question to rebuke the people and to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you drive out … as the people of other lands do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 13 9 pz1r figs-rquestion 0 But did you not drive out … as the people of other lands do? Abijah asks this rhetorical question to rebuke the people and to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you drive out … as the people of other lands do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 13 9 xm3a 0 Whoever comes to serve as a priest Alternate translation: “Anyone who comes to serve as a priest”
2CH 13 9 a6pr figs-explicit 0 a priest of what are not gods The phrase “what are not gods” refers to the golden calves that Jeroboam had his craftsmen make. Although the priests served them as if they were gods, they were not really gods. Alternate translation: “a priest of idols that are not really gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2CH 13 10 yv96 0 as for us The word “us” refers to the people of the southern kingdom of Judah.
@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 16 6 iv87 translate-names 0 Geba This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 16 7 dxr4 translate-names 0 Hanani This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 16 7 x3es figs-metonymy 0 out of your hand Here the king’s “hand” refers to his control. This means that his army was unable to conquer the king of Aram’s army. Alternate translation: “from you” or “from your control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 16 8 vaw2 figs-rquestion 0 Were not the Cushites and the Libyans a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen? Hanani uses this rhetorical question to remind Asa of a previous victory. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The Cushites and the Libyans were a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 16 8 vaw2 figs-rquestion 0 Were not the Cushites and the Libyans a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen? Hanani uses this rhetorical question to remind Asa of a previous victory. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The Cushites and the Libyans were a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 16 8 j6el translate-names 0 Libyans These are people from Libya. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 16 8 m7ja figs-synecdoche 0 he gave you victory This means that king Asa’s army was able to defeat the opposing army. Alternate translation: “he gave your army victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 16 9 v6qv figs-metaphor 0 the eyes of Yahweh run everywhere throughout the whole earth This speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens everywhere as if his eyes were a person that ran all over the earth. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees what is happening all over the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 20 10 k32n translate-names 0 Mount Seir This was a place where the Edomites lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 20 11 v8nd figs-irony 0 See how they are rewarding us; they are coming to drive us out of your land Here Jehoshaphat speaks of the ironic situation. Alternate translation: “This is how they ‘repay’ us for the mercy we showed to them; they are coming to drive us out of your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2CH 20 11 gpr3 figs-idiom 0 See how The word “see” here is used as an idiom to emphasize what is said next. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 20 12 y3e6 figs-rquestion 0 will you not judge them? This rhetorical question is used as a request. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “please judge them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 20 12 y3e6 figs-rquestion 0 will you not judge them? This rhetorical question is used as a request. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “please judge them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 20 12 rw6a figs-synecdoche 0 our eyes are on you Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize that they are directing their attention to God. Alternate translation: “we are looking to you for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 20 14 dw8t figs-idiom 0 the Spirit of Yahweh came on This is an idiom which means that the spirit of God influenced Jahaziel and enabled him to prophesy. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 15:1](../15/01.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 20 14 h5s4 translate-names 0 Jahaziel … Zechariah … Benaiah … Jeiel … Mattaniah … Asaph These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 24 4 c35n 0 It came about after this This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2CH 24 5 vg6g 0 right away Alternate translation: “immediately”
2CH 24 5 msj1 0 The Levites did nothing at first It may be helpful to add “but” to show that the Levites did not obey. Alternate translation: “But the Levites did not do it immediately”
2CH 24 6 q8pa figs-rquestion 0 Why have you not required the Levites … covenant decrees? King Joash asks this rhetorical question to accuse Jehoiada of not doing his duty. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have neglected your duty. I told you to require the Levites … covenant decrees, but you have not done it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 24 6 q8pa figs-rquestion 0 Why have you not required the Levites … covenant decrees? King Joash asks this rhetorical question to accuse Jehoiada of not doing his duty. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have neglected your duty. I told you to require the Levites … covenant decrees, but you have not done it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 24 6 c4cm 0 for the tent of the covenant decrees Although it refers to the temple that Solomon built, it is a reminder that this tax has been collected since the time of Moses and the “tent of meeting.”
2CH 24 7 smr6 0 holy things This refers to the items used for worship in the temple.
2CH 24 7 mtk1 0 to the Baals Alternate translation: “to people to use for the worship of idols of Baal”
@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 24 19 rc12 0 they refused to listen Alternate translation: “the people refused to obey”
2CH 24 20 k16w figs-idiom 0 The Spirit of God came on Zechariah This is an idiom which means that the Spirit of God influenced Zechariah and enabled him to prophesy. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 15:1](../15/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 24 20 g8xd 0 Zechariah son of Jehoiada This was not the same man as Zechariah son of Berechiah who wrote the Book of Zechariah.
2CH 24 20 axs6 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you transgress the commandments of Yahweh, so that you cannot prosper? Zechariah asked this rhetorical question to rebuke the people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are transgressing the commandments of Yahweh, so that is why you cannot prosper.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 24 20 axs6 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you transgress the commandments of Yahweh, so that you cannot prosper? Zechariah asked this rhetorical question to rebuke the people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are transgressing the commandments of Yahweh, so that is why you cannot prosper.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 24 22 idx8 0 ignored the kindness that Jehoiada, Zechariah’s father, had done to him Joash did not pay attention to the way that Jehoiada, Zechariah’s father, had been kind to Joash.
2CH 24 22 s4f7 0 call you to account Alternate translation: “make you pay for the wrong you have done”
2CH 24 23 nqr5 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 25 14 sik5 translate-symaction 0 bowed down … burned incense These are symbolic acts of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2CH 25 14 lab4 0 the gods This expresses the popular opinion of the day that the gods determined who won battles.
2CH 25 15 d9rl figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh’s anger was kindled against Amaziah Here the increase in Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a growing fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger grew like a fire against Amaziah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2CH 25 15 h5ej figs-rquestion 0 Why have you sought after the gods of a people who did not even save their own people from your hand? The prophet uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Amaziah for worshiping the powerless gods of the people he had defeated. Here the word “hand” is a metonym for power. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have worshiped the gods of a people that did not even save their own people from your power, King Amaziah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 25 15 h5ej figs-rquestion 0 Why have you sought after the gods of a people who did not even save their own people from your hand? The prophet uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Amaziah for worshiping the powerless gods of the people he had defeated. Here the word “hand” is a metonym for power. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have worshiped the gods of a people that did not even save their own people from your power, King Amaziah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 25 15 qq83 0 the gods … who did not even save their own people This expresses the popular opinion of the day that the gods determined who won battles.
2CH 25 16 p4i6 0 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark the next important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2CH 25 16 l4e5 figs-rquestion 0 Have we made you an advisor to the king? Stop! Why should you be killed? The king used these rhetorical questions to rebuke the prophet for speaking against him. The questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “We certainly did not appoint you to be one of my advisors. So stop talking! If you say anything more, I will tell my soldiers to kill you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 25 18 ay6l 0 cedar a very large type of tree
2CH 25 18 ukb7 figs-metonymy 0 Judah Here “Judah” is a metonym for the people who lived in Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 25 19 ya9h figs-idiom 0 your heart has lifted you up This is an idiom that means he had become proud. Alternate translation: “you have become proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 25 19 vr44 figs-rquestion 0 why should you cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you? Jehoash used this rhetorical question to warn Amaziah not to fight with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should not cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 25 19 vr44 figs-rquestion 0 why should you cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you? Jehoash used this rhetorical question to warn Amaziah not to fight with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should not cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 25 19 ku98 figs-euphemism 0 fall Here “fall” is a euphemism for “die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2CH 25 20 e45f 0 this event was from God Alternate translation: “God wanted this event to happen”
2CH 25 20 l6pv figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of their enemies Here “hand” refers to power to defeat. Alternate translation: “into the power of their enemies” or “so their enemies could defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 25 23 um1e translate-numbers 0 four hundred cubits in distance A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “400 cubits in distance” or “a length of 180 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
2CH 25 24 r42n figs-metonymy 0 with Obed Edom Here “Obed Edom” refers to this man’s descendants. Alternate translation: “under the care of the descendants of Obed Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 25 24 hz4e 0 the king’s house Alternate translation: “the royal palace”
2CH 25 26 v1zc figs-rquestion 0 As for the other matters … are they not written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel? This rhetorical question is used to remind the reader that what happened to Amaziah is well-known. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “All of the matters concerning Amaziah, behold, are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 25 26 v1zc figs-rquestion 0 As for the other matters … are they not written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel? This rhetorical question is used to remind the reader that what happened to Amaziah is well-known. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “All of the matters concerning Amaziah, behold, are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 25 26 nrg2 figs-merism 0 the other matters concerning Amaziah, first and last Here the phrase “first and last” refers to those extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: “all the matters concerning Amaziah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2CH 25 26 rvg3 0 behold This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the truth of what follows.
2CH 25 26 yq3e 0 the book of the kings of Judah and Israel This refers to a book that no longer exists.
@ -1522,7 +1522,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 32 2 cc6u figs-synecdoche 0 that Sennacherib had come and that he intended Here Sennacherib also represents his army. Alternate translation: “that Sennacherib and his army had come and that they intended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 32 2 yg5w figs-metonymy 0 to fight against Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” represents the people there. Alternate translation: “to fight against the people of Jerusalem” or “to fight against the army of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 32 3 hu1g 0 to stop up the waters of the springs that were outside the city The people of the city would fill up wells and fountain springs with earth and rocks, hiding the water from the Assyrians, but the people would cause the water to flow into the city through secret pathways.
2CH 32 4 s837 figs-rquestion 0 Why should the kings of Assyria come and find a lot of water? The people use a rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not want the kings of Assyria to find their water. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not want the kings of Assyria to come here and find a lot of water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 4 s837 figs-rquestion 0 Why should the kings of Assyria come and find a lot of water? The people use a rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not want the kings of Assyria to find their water. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not want the kings of Assyria to come here and find a lot of water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 4 k77q figs-idiom 0 the kings of Assyria Here, the word **kings** could mean: (1) this is an idiom that refers to the one king of Assyria. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria” or (2) this may refer to the king and his other leaders. Alternate translation: “the king and the other leaders of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2CH 32 5 axu1 figs-synecdoche 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up … He built … He also … he made The readers should understand that Hezekiah probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah took courage and commanded the people to build up … They built … They also … they made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 32 5 m33q grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up This could mean: (1) Hezekiah strengthened his position by commanding the people to repair the walls of the city. You can make this clear by using the connecting word “by.” Alternate translation: “Hezekiah strengthened the city by building up” or (2) he became encouraged. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah became encouraged and built up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
@ -1532,19 +1532,19 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 32 8 w79p figs-metonymy 0 is only an arm of flesh Here “arm” represents strength, and “flesh” represents humanity. Alternate translation: “are only those with human power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 32 9 p11g writing-background 0 now he was … with him The word “now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about the location of Sennacherib and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2CH 32 9 z923 translate-names 0 Lachish This was a city in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2CH 32 10 a1ag figs-rquestion 0 What are you relying on in order to endure a siege in Jerusalem? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to endure a siege in Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 11 lv26 figs-rquestion 0 Is not Hezekiah misleading you … king of Assyria’? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah is misleading you … king of Assyria.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 10 a1ag figs-rquestion 0 What are you relying on in order to endure a siege in Jerusalem? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to endure a siege in Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 11 lv26 figs-rquestion 0 Is not Hezekiah misleading you … king of Assyria’? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah is misleading you … king of Assyria.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 11 he12 0 that he may give you over to die by famine and by thirst Alternate translation: “so that you will die from lack of food and water”
2CH 32 11 wh6w figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of the king of Assyria Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of the king of Assyria” or “from the king of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 32 12 k45m 0 Has not this same Hezekiah taken away … sacrifices’? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is the same Hezekiah who has taken away … sacrifices.’” or “Hezekiah has taken away … sacrifices.’”
2CH 32 12 k45m 0 Has not this same Hezekiah taken away … sacrifices’? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is the same Hezekiah who has taken away … sacrifices.’” or “Hezekiah has taken away … sacrifices.’”
2CH 32 12 ksx4 figs-metonymy 0 commanded Judah and Jerusalem Here “Judah” and “Jerusalem” represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “commanded the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 32 13 dje4 figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know what … lands? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know very well what … lands!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 13 b4vn figs-rquestion 0 Were the gods … power? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no god … power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 14 dpm2 figs-rquestion 0 Among all the gods … was there any god who … hand? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no god among all the gods … who … hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 13 dje4 figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know what … lands? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know very well what … lands!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 13 b4vn figs-rquestion 0 Were the gods … power? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no god … power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 14 dpm2 figs-rquestion 0 Among all the gods … was there any god who … hand? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no god among all the gods … who … hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 14 d1sb figs-metonymy 0 out of my hand Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from my power” or “from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 32 14 t2ve figs-rquestion 0 Why should your God be able … power? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no reason your God should be able … power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 14 t2ve figs-rquestion 0 Why should your God be able … power? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no reason your God should be able … power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 15 t69x 0 Now Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2CH 32 15 xfh2 figs-rquestion 0 How much less will your God rescue you from my hand? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your God will certainly not be able to rescue you from my hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 15 xfh2 figs-rquestion 0 How much less will your God rescue you from my hand? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your God will certainly not be able to rescue you from my hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 32 17 a3w9 figs-metonymy 0 out of my hand Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from my power” or “from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 32 18 m1vc 0 They cried out Alternate translation: “Sennacherib’s servants shouted loudly”
2CH 32 18 j3py figs-doublet 0 to frighten them and trouble them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of fear. Alternate translation: “to make them very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -1751,7 +1751,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2CH 35 20 tva3 translate-names 0 Necho, king of Egypt, went up This is the name of the king of Egypt. Here the king represents himself accompanied by his army. Alternate translation: “Necho, king of Egypt, went up with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 35 20 s4mn translate-names 0 against Carchemish This is the name of a city. Here the city represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “against the people of Carchemish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2CH 35 20 x61r figs-synecdoche 0 Josiah went to fight against him Here both Josiah and Necho represent themselves accompained by their armies. Alternate translation: “Josiah and his army went to fight against Necho and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 35 21 wh3y figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you, king of Judah? Necho uses this rhetorical question to tell Josiah that he is not in conflict with him and that Josiah should not attack him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have no reason to attack me, king of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 35 21 wh3y figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you, king of Judah? Necho uses this rhetorical question to tell Josiah that he is not in conflict with him and that Josiah should not attack him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have no reason to attack me, king of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2CH 35 21 wd9j figs-synecdoche 0 I am not coming against you Here the king Josiah represents his kingdom. Alternate translation: “I am not fighting your kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 35 21 g5sp figs-metonymy 0 against the house with which Here the word “house” refers to the house of Babylon, where “house” is a metonym for the kingdom. The kingdom is a synechdoche representing the Babylonian army. Alternate translation: “against the house of Babylon, with whom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2CH 35 22 lx7n 0 He disguised himself Josiah disguised himself so that the other armies would not recognize him.

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
16 2CH 1 5 hy9f translate-names 0 Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17 2CH 1 6 cal1 0 went up there Alternate translation: “went up to the high place at Gibeon”
18 2CH 1 6 ptf1 translate-numbers 0 one thousand “1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
19 2CH 1 7 jhc5 0 Ask! What should I give you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Ask for whatever you want from me.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Ask for whatever you want from me.”
20 2CH 1 8 l8pa figs-abstractnouns 0 You have shown great covenant faithfulness to David If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “You have greatly and faithfully loved David” or “You have been very faithful to David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21 2CH 1 9 y1bm 0 Now Here the word “Now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
22 2CH 1 9 p4wp figs-activepassive 0 let your promise to David my father be carried out If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “please do what you promised to David my father that you would do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
472 2CH 9 17 lgr9 translate-unknown 0 ivory Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals, such as the elephant, walrus, or hippopotamus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
473 2CH 9 18 v6bc figs-explicit 0 two lions These were statues. Alternate translation: “two statues of lions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
474 2CH 9 20 h9zg translate-names 0 the House of the Forest of Lebanon Solomon’s palace was built of trees from Lebanon. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 9:16](../09/16.md). This could mean: (1) this was the name of a large room in the palace. Alternate translation: “the Hall of the Forest of Lebanon” or (2) this was the name of his whole palace. Alternate translation: “the Palace of the Forest of Lebanon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
475 2CH 9 20 i115 figs-activepassive 0 silver was not considered valuable in Solomon’s days Silver was so common in Solomon’s days that if a king wanted to show his wealth, he would not do it by making things out of silver. Instead he would use gold, which was less common and more valuable. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people did not value silver so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Silver was so common in Solomon’s days that if a king wanted to show his wealth, he would not do it by making things out of silver. Instead he would use gold, which was less common and more valuable. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people did not value silver so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
476 2CH 9 20 d78i figs-explicit 0 in Solomon’s days Here “Solomon’s days” refers to the time when Solomon ruled. Alternate translation: “when Solomon ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
477 2CH 9 21 y4vx 0 a fleet of oceangoing ships Alternate translation: “a group of ships that travel on the ocean”
478 2CH 9 21 cbw6 0 along with the fleet of Hiram Alternate translation: “along with Hiram’s fleet of ships”
603 2CH 12 14 pr1e figs-metonymy 0 he did not fix his heart to seek Yahweh Here the word “heart” represents the thoughts and desires. The idiom “fix his heart” means to determine to do something. Alternate translation: “he was not committed to seeking Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
604 2CH 12 14 uty9 figs-metaphor 0 to seek Yahweh Worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were seeking Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to worship Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
605 2CH 12 15 hg8t figs-merism 0 first and last “from beginning to end.” These two words form a merism and refer to everything that Rehoboam did from the beginning of his reign to the end of his reign. Alternate translation: “everything that he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
606 2CH 12 15 n1x7 figs-activepassive 0 are they not written … Jeroboam? This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written … Jeroboam.” or “you can read about them … Jeroboam.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This can be expressed in active form and assumes that the answer is positive. The question is rhetorical and is used for emphasis. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “they are written … Jeroboam.” or “you could read about them … Jeroboam.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
607 2CH 12 15 sh73 translate-names 0 Shemaiah … Iddo These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
608 2CH 12 15 y6gg figs-synecdoche 0 the constant wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam The names of the kings represent the armies that they led. Alternate translation: “the wars in which Rehoboam’s army and Jeroboam’s army constantly engaged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
609 2CH 12 16 f7ty translate-names 0 Abijah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
616 2CH 13 2 ks67 figs-synecdoche 0 There was war between Abijah and Jeroboam The names of the kings represent the armies that they led. Alternate translation: “There was war between the army of Abijah and the army of Jeroboam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
617 2CH 13 3 crk5 translate-numbers 0 400,000 chosen men…800,000 chosen men “Four hundred thousand chosen men … eight hundred thousand chosen men.” The phrase “chosen men” is an idiom that refers to elite soldiers who were skilled in battle. Alternate translation: “400,000 skilled men…800,000 skilled men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
618 2CH 13 4 ai78 translate-names 0 Mount Zemaraim (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
619 2CH 13 5 hj4c figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know … by a formal covenant? Abijah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know very well … by a formal covenant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Abijah asks this rhetorical question to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know very well … by a formal covenant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
620 2CH 13 7 xg3s 0 base fellows Alternate translation: “wicked men” or “evil men”
621 2CH 13 7 c3ni 0 gathered to him Alternate translation: “joined with Jeroboam”
622 2CH 13 8 pj8y figs-explicit 0 the kingdom of Yahweh This is a reference to a united Israel as it existed in the time of David and Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
623 2CH 13 8 bn3a figs-metonymy 0 that is held within the hand of the descendants of David Here the word “hand” represents authority and possession. Abijah is claiming that only the descendants of David have the rightful authority to rule Yahweh’s kingdom. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the descendants of David hold within their hand” or “which only the descendants of David have the authority to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
624 2CH 13 8 p2rg figs-metonymy 0 the golden calves that Jeroboam made It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that Jeroboam had others make the golden calves. Alternate translation: “the golden calves that Jeroboam had his craftsmen make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
625 2CH 13 9 pz1r figs-rquestion 0 But did you not drive out … as the people of other lands do? Abijah asks this rhetorical question to rebuke the people and to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you drive out … as the people of other lands do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Abijah asks this rhetorical question to rebuke the people and to emphasize the positive answer that it anticipates. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you drive out … as the people of other lands do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
626 2CH 13 9 xm3a 0 Whoever comes to serve as a priest Alternate translation: “Anyone who comes to serve as a priest”
627 2CH 13 9 a6pr figs-explicit 0 a priest of what are not gods The phrase “what are not gods” refers to the golden calves that Jeroboam had his craftsmen make. Although the priests served them as if they were gods, they were not really gods. Alternate translation: “a priest of idols that are not really gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
628 2CH 13 10 yv96 0 as for us The word “us” refers to the people of the southern kingdom of Judah.
742 2CH 16 6 iv87 translate-names 0 Geba This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
743 2CH 16 7 dxr4 translate-names 0 Hanani This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
744 2CH 16 7 x3es figs-metonymy 0 out of your hand Here the king’s “hand” refers to his control. This means that his army was unable to conquer the king of Aram’s army. Alternate translation: “from you” or “from your control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
745 2CH 16 8 vaw2 figs-rquestion 0 Were not the Cushites and the Libyans a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen? Hanani uses this rhetorical question to remind Asa of a previous victory. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The Cushites and the Libyans were a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Hanani uses this rhetorical question to remind Asa of a previous victory. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The Cushites and the Libyans were a huge army, with very many chariots and horsemen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
746 2CH 16 8 j6el translate-names 0 Libyans These are people from Libya. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
747 2CH 16 8 m7ja figs-synecdoche 0 he gave you victory This means that king Asa’s army was able to defeat the opposing army. Alternate translation: “he gave your army victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
748 2CH 16 9 v6qv figs-metaphor 0 the eyes of Yahweh run everywhere throughout the whole earth This speaks of Yahweh seeing everything that happens everywhere as if his eyes were a person that ran all over the earth. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees what is happening all over the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
904 2CH 20 10 k32n translate-names 0 Mount Seir This was a place where the Edomites lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
905 2CH 20 11 v8nd figs-irony 0 See how they are rewarding us; they are coming to drive us out of your land Here Jehoshaphat speaks of the ironic situation. Alternate translation: “This is how they ‘repay’ us for the mercy we showed to them; they are coming to drive us out of your land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
906 2CH 20 11 gpr3 figs-idiom 0 See how The word “see” here is used as an idiom to emphasize what is said next. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
907 2CH 20 12 y3e6 figs-rquestion 0 will you not judge them? This rhetorical question is used as a request. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “please judge them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This rhetorical question is used as a request. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “please judge them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
908 2CH 20 12 rw6a figs-synecdoche 0 our eyes are on you Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize that they are directing their attention to God. Alternate translation: “we are looking to you for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
909 2CH 20 14 dw8t figs-idiom 0 the Spirit of Yahweh came on This is an idiom which means that the spirit of God influenced Jahaziel and enabled him to prophesy. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 15:1](../15/01.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
910 2CH 20 14 h5s4 translate-names 0 Jahaziel … Zechariah … Benaiah … Jeiel … Mattaniah … Asaph These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1107 2CH 24 4 c35n 0 It came about after this This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1108 2CH 24 5 vg6g 0 right away Alternate translation: “immediately”
1109 2CH 24 5 msj1 0 The Levites did nothing at first It may be helpful to add “but” to show that the Levites did not obey. Alternate translation: “But the Levites did not do it immediately”
1110 2CH 24 6 q8pa figs-rquestion 0 Why have you not required the Levites … covenant decrees? King Joash asks this rhetorical question to accuse Jehoiada of not doing his duty. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have neglected your duty. I told you to require the Levites … covenant decrees, but you have not done it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) King Joash asks this rhetorical question to accuse Jehoiada of not doing his duty. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have neglected your duty. I told you to require the Levites … covenant decrees, but you have not done it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1111 2CH 24 6 c4cm 0 for the tent of the covenant decrees Although it refers to the temple that Solomon built, it is a reminder that this tax has been collected since the time of Moses and the “tent of meeting.”
1112 2CH 24 7 smr6 0 holy things This refers to the items used for worship in the temple.
1113 2CH 24 7 mtk1 0 to the Baals Alternate translation: “to people to use for the worship of idols of Baal”
1136 2CH 24 19 rc12 0 they refused to listen Alternate translation: “the people refused to obey”
1137 2CH 24 20 k16w figs-idiom 0 The Spirit of God came on Zechariah This is an idiom which means that the Spirit of God influenced Zechariah and enabled him to prophesy. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 15:1](../15/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1138 2CH 24 20 g8xd 0 Zechariah son of Jehoiada This was not the same man as Zechariah son of Berechiah who wrote the Book of Zechariah.
1139 2CH 24 20 axs6 figs-rquestion 0 Why do you transgress the commandments of Yahweh, so that you cannot prosper? Zechariah asked this rhetorical question to rebuke the people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are transgressing the commandments of Yahweh, so that is why you cannot prosper.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Zechariah asked this rhetorical question to rebuke the people. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are transgressing the commandments of Yahweh, so that is why you cannot prosper.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1140 2CH 24 22 idx8 0 ignored the kindness that Jehoiada, Zechariah’s father, had done to him Joash did not pay attention to the way that Jehoiada, Zechariah’s father, had been kind to Joash.
1141 2CH 24 22 s4f7 0 call you to account Alternate translation: “make you pay for the wrong you have done”
1142 2CH 24 23 nqr5 0 It came about This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1193 2CH 25 14 sik5 translate-symaction 0 bowed down … burned incense These are symbolic acts of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1194 2CH 25 14 lab4 0 the gods This expresses the popular opinion of the day that the gods determined who won battles.
1195 2CH 25 15 d9rl figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh’s anger was kindled against Amaziah Here the increase in Yahweh’s anger is spoken of as if it were a growing fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger grew like a fire against Amaziah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1196 2CH 25 15 h5ej figs-rquestion 0 Why have you sought after the gods of a people who did not even save their own people from your hand? The prophet uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Amaziah for worshiping the powerless gods of the people he had defeated. Here the word “hand” is a metonym for power. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have worshiped the gods of a people that did not even save their own people from your power, King Amaziah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) The prophet uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Amaziah for worshiping the powerless gods of the people he had defeated. Here the word “hand” is a metonym for power. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have worshiped the gods of a people that did not even save their own people from your power, King Amaziah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1197 2CH 25 15 qq83 0 the gods … who did not even save their own people This expresses the popular opinion of the day that the gods determined who won battles.
1198 2CH 25 16 p4i6 0 It came about that This phrase is used here to mark the next important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1199 2CH 25 16 l4e5 figs-rquestion 0 Have we made you an advisor to the king? Stop! Why should you be killed? The king used these rhetorical questions to rebuke the prophet for speaking against him. The questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “We certainly did not appoint you to be one of my advisors. So stop talking! If you say anything more, I will tell my soldiers to kill you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1205 2CH 25 18 ay6l 0 cedar a very large type of tree
1206 2CH 25 18 ukb7 figs-metonymy 0 Judah Here “Judah” is a metonym for the people who lived in Judah. Alternate translation: “the people of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1207 2CH 25 19 ya9h figs-idiom 0 your heart has lifted you up This is an idiom that means he had become proud. Alternate translation: “you have become proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1208 2CH 25 19 vr44 figs-rquestion 0 why should you cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you? Jehoash used this rhetorical question to warn Amaziah not to fight with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should not cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Jehoash used this rhetorical question to warn Amaziah not to fight with him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should not cause yourself trouble and fall, both you and Judah with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1209 2CH 25 19 ku98 figs-euphemism 0 fall Here “fall” is a euphemism for “die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1210 2CH 25 20 e45f 0 this event was from God Alternate translation: “God wanted this event to happen”
1211 2CH 25 20 l6pv figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of their enemies Here “hand” refers to power to defeat. Alternate translation: “into the power of their enemies” or “so their enemies could defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1216 2CH 25 23 um1e translate-numbers 0 four hundred cubits in distance A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “400 cubits in distance” or “a length of 180 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1217 2CH 25 24 r42n figs-metonymy 0 with Obed Edom Here “Obed Edom” refers to this man’s descendants. Alternate translation: “under the care of the descendants of Obed Edom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1218 2CH 25 24 hz4e 0 the king’s house Alternate translation: “the royal palace”
1219 2CH 25 26 v1zc figs-rquestion 0 As for the other matters … are they not written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel? This rhetorical question is used to remind the reader that what happened to Amaziah is well-known. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “All of the matters concerning Amaziah, behold, are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) This rhetorical question is used to remind the reader that what happened to Amaziah is well-known. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “All of the matters concerning Amaziah, behold, are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1220 2CH 25 26 nrg2 figs-merism 0 the other matters concerning Amaziah, first and last Here the phrase “first and last” refers to those extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: “all the matters concerning Amaziah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1221 2CH 25 26 rvg3 0 behold This alerts the reader to pay special attention to the truth of what follows.
1222 2CH 25 26 yq3e 0 the book of the kings of Judah and Israel This refers to a book that no longer exists.
1522 2CH 32 2 cc6u figs-synecdoche 0 that Sennacherib had come and that he intended Here Sennacherib also represents his army. Alternate translation: “that Sennacherib and his army had come and that they intended” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1523 2CH 32 2 yg5w figs-metonymy 0 to fight against Jerusalem Here “Jerusalem” represents the people there. Alternate translation: “to fight against the people of Jerusalem” or “to fight against the army of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1524 2CH 32 3 hu1g 0 to stop up the waters of the springs that were outside the city The people of the city would fill up wells and fountain springs with earth and rocks, hiding the water from the Assyrians, but the people would cause the water to flow into the city through secret pathways.
1525 2CH 32 4 s837 figs-rquestion 0 Why should the kings of Assyria come and find a lot of water? The people use a rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not want the kings of Assyria to find their water. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not want the kings of Assyria to come here and find a lot of water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The people use a rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not want the kings of Assyria to find their water. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not want the kings of Assyria to come here and find a lot of water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1526 2CH 32 4 k77q figs-idiom 0 the kings of Assyria Here, the word **kings** could mean: (1) this is an idiom that refers to the one king of Assyria. Alternate translation: “the king of Assyria” or (2) this may refer to the king and his other leaders. Alternate translation: “the king and the other leaders of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1527 2CH 32 5 axu1 figs-synecdoche 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up … He built … He also … he made The readers should understand that Hezekiah probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah took courage and commanded the people to build up … They built … They also … they made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1528 2CH 32 5 m33q grammar-connect-words-phrases 0 Hezekiah took courage and built up This could mean: (1) Hezekiah strengthened his position by commanding the people to repair the walls of the city. You can make this clear by using the connecting word “by.” Alternate translation: “Hezekiah strengthened the city by building up” or (2) he became encouraged. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah became encouraged and built up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1532 2CH 32 8 w79p figs-metonymy 0 is only an arm of flesh Here “arm” represents strength, and “flesh” represents humanity. Alternate translation: “are only those with human power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1533 2CH 32 9 p11g writing-background 0 now he was … with him The word “now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about the location of Sennacherib and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1534 2CH 32 9 z923 translate-names 0 Lachish This was a city in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1535 2CH 32 10 a1ag figs-rquestion 0 What are you relying on in order to endure a siege in Jerusalem? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to endure a siege in Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to endure a siege in Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1536 2CH 32 11 lv26 figs-rquestion 0 Is not Hezekiah misleading you … king of Assyria’? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah is misleading you … king of Assyria.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Hezekiah is misleading you … king of Assyria.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1537 2CH 32 11 he12 0 that he may give you over to die by famine and by thirst Alternate translation: “so that you will die from lack of food and water”
1538 2CH 32 11 wh6w figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of the king of Assyria Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of the king of Assyria” or “from the king of Assyria” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1539 2CH 32 12 k45m 0 Has not this same Hezekiah taken away … sacrifices’? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is the same Hezekiah who has taken away … sacrifices.’” or “Hezekiah has taken away … sacrifices.’” Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is the same Hezekiah who has taken away … sacrifices.’” or “Hezekiah has taken away … sacrifices.’”
1540 2CH 32 12 ksx4 figs-metonymy 0 commanded Judah and Jerusalem Here “Judah” and “Jerusalem” represent the people who live there. Alternate translation: “commanded the people of Judah and Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1541 2CH 32 13 dje4 figs-rquestion 0 Do you not know what … lands? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know very well what … lands!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know very well what … lands!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1542 2CH 32 13 b4vn figs-rquestion 0 Were the gods … power? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no god … power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no god … power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1543 2CH 32 14 dpm2 figs-rquestion 0 Among all the gods … was there any god who … hand? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no god among all the gods … who … hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There was no god among all the gods … who … hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1544 2CH 32 14 d1sb figs-metonymy 0 out of my hand Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from my power” or “from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1545 2CH 32 14 t2ve figs-rquestion 0 Why should your God be able … power? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no reason your God should be able … power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no reason your God should be able … power!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1546 2CH 32 15 t69x 0 Now Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
1547 2CH 32 15 xfh2 figs-rquestion 0 How much less will your God rescue you from my hand? Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your God will certainly not be able to rescue you from my hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Sennacherib uses a rhetorical question to cause the people of Jerusalem to think about their situation. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your God will certainly not be able to rescue you from my hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1548 2CH 32 17 a3w9 figs-metonymy 0 out of my hand Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from my power” or “from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1549 2CH 32 18 m1vc 0 They cried out Alternate translation: “Sennacherib’s servants shouted loudly”
1550 2CH 32 18 j3py figs-doublet 0 to frighten them and trouble them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of fear. Alternate translation: “to make them very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1751 2CH 35 20 tva3 translate-names 0 Necho, king of Egypt, went up This is the name of the king of Egypt. Here the king represents himself accompanied by his army. Alternate translation: “Necho, king of Egypt, went up with his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1752 2CH 35 20 s4mn translate-names 0 against Carchemish This is the name of a city. Here the city represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “against the people of Carchemish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1753 2CH 35 20 x61r figs-synecdoche 0 Josiah went to fight against him Here both Josiah and Necho represent themselves accompained by their armies. Alternate translation: “Josiah and his army went to fight against Necho and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1754 2CH 35 21 wh3y figs-rquestion 0 What have I to do with you, king of Judah? Necho uses this rhetorical question to tell Josiah that he is not in conflict with him and that Josiah should not attack him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have no reason to attack me, king of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Necho uses this rhetorical question to tell Josiah that he is not in conflict with him and that Josiah should not attack him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have no reason to attack me, king of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1755 2CH 35 21 wd9j figs-synecdoche 0 I am not coming against you Here the king Josiah represents his kingdom. Alternate translation: “I am not fighting your kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1756 2CH 35 21 g5sp figs-metonymy 0 against the house with which Here the word “house” refers to the house of Babylon, where “house” is a metonym for the kingdom. The kingdom is a synechdoche representing the Babylonian army. Alternate translation: “against the house of Babylon, with whom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1757 2CH 35 22 lx7n 0 He disguised himself Josiah disguised himself so that the other armies would not recognize him.

64
en_tn_15-EZR.tsv
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ EZR 1 2 eapm figs-metaphor בַ֔יִת 1 Here, **house** figuratively means a
EZR 1 2 i909 figs-distinguish בִּ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּֽ⁠יהוּדָֽה׃ 1 Here, Cyrus provides some background information about the city where he wants the Jews to rebuild the temple of Yahweh, since many of the recipients of his message might not have known where Jerusalem was. Alternate translation: “in Jerusalem, the capital city of the province of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
EZR 1 2 gmx4 translate-names בִּ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּֽ⁠יהוּדָֽה׃ 1 for him a house … in Judah **Jerusalem** is the name of a city, and **Judah** is the name of the province in which it was located. These names occur many times in the book, and it will be helpful to your readers if you translate them consistently each time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 1 3 xf34 figs-explicit מִֽי־בָ⁠כֶ֣ם מִ⁠כָּל־עַמּ֗⁠וֹ 1 his people Here, **all** probably indicates that Cyrus is thinking of not only the people whom the Babylonians had taken into exile from the southern kingdom of Judah some decades before, and their descendants, but also any of the people whose ancestors the Assyrians had taken into exile from the northern kingdom of Israel nearly two centuries earlier. Cyrus now ruled over the territories to which both groups had been exiled. If any in the second group still had awareness and proof of their identity, and if they still wanted to honor and worship Yahweh, they could also return to Jerusalem and help rebuild the temple. (However, as [1:5](../01/05.md) indicates, it was essentially Israelites from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin who actually did return.) To make this clear, you could include this information. Alternate translation: “Which of you is an Israelite from any tribe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 1 3 fq6g figs-idiom יְהִ֤י אֱלֹהָי⁠ו֙ עִמּ֔⁠וֹ 1 Cyrus wishing that **God** will **be with** these Israelites is an idiom that expresses his wish that God would make their journey and the rebuilding project successful. If it is more natural in your language, you can say this at the end of the verse. Alternate translation: “May his God make him successful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 1 3 fq6g figs-idiom יְהִ֤י אֱלֹהָי⁠ו֙ עִמּ֔⁠וֹ 1 Cyrus wishing that **God** will **be with** these Israelites is an idiom that expresses his wish that God would make their journey and the rebuilding project successful. If it is more natural in your language, you could say this at the end of the verse. Alternate translation: “May his God make him successful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 1 3 hz9g figs-idiom וְ⁠יַ֕עַל לִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם 1 Cyrus says **go up** because the Jews would have to travel from a river valley up into the mountains in order to return from their places of exile to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “and let him return to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 1 3 k839 figs-distinguish לִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּ⁠יהוּדָ֑ה 1 Cyrus once again provides background information about the city. Alternate translation: “to Jerusalem, in the province of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
EZR 1 3 gxbj figs-metaphor בֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ 1 Here, **house** figuratively means a temple. Cyrus continues to speak of this temple as if it would be a house in which Yahweh lived, since Yahweh’s presence would be there. Alternate translation: “a temple for Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ EZR 3 7 zvt6 figs-idiom מִן־הַ⁠לְּבָנוֹן֙ אֶל־יָ֣ם י
EZR 3 7 gq2g translate-names הַ⁠לְּבָנוֹן֙ 1 **Lebanon** is the name of a place. It was a mountainous region located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 3 7 kya8 translate-names יָפ֔וֹא 1 **Joppa** is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 3 7 ze22 figs-activepassive כְּ⁠רִשְׁי֛וֹן כּ֥וֹרֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרַ֖ס עֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 according to the permission they had from King Cyrus of Persia If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “for King Cyrus of Persia had authorized them to do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 3 7 m2qw figs-abstractnouns כְּ⁠רִשְׁי֛וֹן כּ֥וֹרֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרַ֖ס עֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 according to the permission they had from King Cyrus of Persia If your readers would misunderstand this, you can translate the abstract noun **permission** with a verb. Alternate translation: “since King Cyrus of Persia had authorized them to do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 3 7 m2qw figs-abstractnouns כְּ⁠רִשְׁי֛וֹן כּ֥וֹרֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרַ֖ס עֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 according to the permission they had from King Cyrus of Persia If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the abstract noun **permission** with a verb. Alternate translation: “since King Cyrus of Persia had authorized them to do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 3 7 tfm5 grammar-connect-logic-result כְּ⁠רִשְׁי֛וֹן כּ֥וֹרֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרַ֖ס עֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this sentence earlier or even first in the verse since it gives the reason for the actions that the rest of the verse describes. You could also show the connection by beginning the next sentence with a phrase such as “and so.” Alternate translation: “King Cyrus of Persia had authorized the Jewish leaders to get the materials they needed to rebuild the temple, and so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EZR 3 8 ayx1 grammar-connect-time-sequential וּ⁠בַ⁠שָּׁנָ֣ה הַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֗ית לְ⁠בוֹאָ֞⁠ם 1 The word **Then** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that the events the story will now relate came after the events it has just described. Alternate translation: “Then in the second year after they came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EZR 3 8 e0js translate-ordinal וּ⁠בַ⁠שָּׁנָ֣ה הַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֗ית לְ⁠בוֹאָ֞⁠ם אֶל־בֵּ֤ית הָֽ⁠אֱלֹהִים֙ לִ⁠יר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בַּ⁠חֹ֖דֶשׁ הַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֑י 1 “Then in month two of year two after arriving at the house of God in Jerusalem” or “Then in the springtime of the second year since they came to the house of God in Jerusalem” or “Seven months after they had come to the house of God in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ EZR 3 8 wwz8 translate-names זְרֻבָּבֶ֣ל בֶּן־שְׁ֠אַלְת
EZR 3 8 fa38 translate-names וְ⁠יֵשׁ֨וּעַ בֶּן־יֽוֹצָדָ֜ק 1 Jeshua … Jozadak **Jeshua** is the name of a man, and **Jozadak** is the name of his father. See how you translated these names in [3:2](../03/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 3 8 bzi5 figs-metaphor וּ⁠שְׁאָ֥ר אֲחֵי⁠הֶ֣ם ׀ הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְ⁠הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֗ם 1 Here, **brothers** seems to be a figurative way of saying fellow leaders, since the priests and Levites were also leaders in the community like Zerubbabel, the governor, and Jeshua, the high priest. Alternate translation: “and their fellow leaders, the priests and Levites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 3 8 hy61 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כָל־הַ⁠בָּאִים֙ מֵ⁠הַ⁠שְּׁבִ֣י יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֔ם 1 The abstract noun **captivity** refers to the way the Babylonians had transported many of the Jews away from their homeland when they conquered Jerusalem. (These included many of the parents or grandparents of the people here, but also some of these people themselves, as [3:12](../03/12.md) indicates.) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the idea behind this term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “and the rest of the people who had returned to Jerusalem from where their enemies had taken them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 3 8 uyam figs-ellipsis הֵחֵ֡לּוּ 1 Here the book leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete because they were understood by the original readers. You can supply them from the context, If your readers would misunderstand this. Alternate translation: “began to build the new temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZR 3 8 uyam figs-ellipsis הֵחֵ֡לּוּ 1 Here the book leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete because they were understood by the original readers. you could supply them from the context, If your readers would misunderstand this. Alternate translation: “began to build the new temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZR 3 8 tliz grammar-connect-logic-goal וַ⁠יַּעֲמִ֣ידוּ 1 This phrase describes the purpose for which the Jewish leaders took the actions that the rest of the verse describes. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use a term such as “so” to indicate this. Alternate translation: “so they appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EZR 3 8 hf5n figs-idiom אֶת־הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֗ם מִ⁠בֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָ⁠מַ֔עְלָ⁠ה 1 from twenty years old Here, **son of 20 years and above** is an idiom that indicates a person’s age. Alternate translation: “the Levites who were at least 20 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 3 8 vyhg figs-ellipsis לְ⁠נַצֵּ֖חַ עַל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה 1 In this context, **the work of the house** is an abbreviated way of referring to the project of constructing a temple. Alternate translation: “to supervise the construction of the temple for Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -401,13 +401,13 @@ EZR 4 9 vvp8 translate-names רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵ֗ם 1 Erech
EZR 4 9 shnl translate-names וְ⁠שִׁמְשַׁי֙ סָֽפְרָ֔⁠א 1 **Shimshai** is the name of a man and **the scribe** is his title. See how you translated them in [4:8](../04/08.md). Alternate translation: “Shimshai the state secretary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 4 9 d33e figs-idiom וּ⁠שְׁאָ֖ר כְּנָוָתְ⁠ה֑וֹן דִּ֠ינָיֵ⁠א וַ⁠אֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵ֞⁠א טַרְפְּלָיֵ֣⁠א 1 As in [4:7](../04/07.md), the term **companions** here indicates people who hold a similar position. The other three terms describe the various positions that the other people held who joined in sending this letter. Alternate translation: “and their associates, who were judges, rulers, and officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 4 9 w9xp figs-123person וּ⁠שְׁאָ֖ר כְּנָוָתְ⁠ה֑וֹן דִּ֠ינָיֵ⁠א וַ⁠אֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵ֞⁠א טַרְפְּלָיֵ֣⁠א 1 Rehum and Shimshai speak of themselves here in the third person by saying **their companions**. This was normal in their culture. If this is confusing in your language, you can use the first person. Alternate translation: “and our colleagues, who are judges, rulers, and officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 4 9 ggq4 וַ⁠אֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵ֞⁠א טַרְפְּלָיֵ֣⁠א 1 The difference between these two terms is uncertain. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can combine them, as in the UST.
EZR 4 9 ggq4 וַ⁠אֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵ֞⁠א טַרְפְּלָיֵ֣⁠א 1 The difference between these two terms is uncertain. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine them, as in the UST.
EZR 4 9 t8pa translate-names אֲפָֽרְסָיֵ֗⁠א אַרְכְּוָיֵ֤א בָבְלָיֵ⁠א֙ שֽׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵ֔⁠א ד⁠הוא עֵלְמָיֵֽ⁠א 1 These are the names of four people groups and an alternate name by which the last group was known. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 4 9 yz8m figs-explicit אֲפָֽרְסָיֵ֗⁠א אַרְכְּוָיֵ֤א בָבְלָיֵ⁠א֙ שֽׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵ֔⁠א ד⁠הוא עֵלְמָיֵֽ⁠א 1 These are apparently the people groups that the officials who wrote the letter belonged to. The writers seem to feel that they can speak on behalf of their entire people groups because they would agree with the concerns that they are expressing about the Jews. You could say this explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “on behalf of the Persians, Erechites, Babylonians, and Susaites (that is, Elamites)” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 4 10 k64z וּ⁠שְׁאָ֣ר אֻמַּיָּ֗⁠א דִּ֤י הַגְלִי֙ אָסְנַפַּר֙ רַבָּ֣⁠א וְ⁠יַקִּירָ֔⁠א וְ⁠הוֹתֵ֣ב הִמּ֔וֹ בְּ⁠קִרְיָ֖ה דִּ֣י שָׁמְרָ֑יִן וּ⁠שְׁאָ֥ר עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֖⁠ה 1 This could mean one of two things. (1) It could be referring to two different sets of people groups: (a) **the rest of the nations**, which would be some further groups that, like the four listed in [4:9](../04/09.md), Ashurbanipal exiled to the region of Samaria, and (b) **the rest of Beyond-the-River**, which would be all the other groups that were then living in the province of Beyond-the-River, however they came to live there. This is the reading of ULT. or (2) It could be referring to one set of people groups made up of all the other groups that, like the four listed in [4:9](../04/09.md), Ashurbanipal moved to this area and resettled in the cities of Samaria and in other parts of the province. This is the reading of UST. Either way, the officials writing this letter feel that they can speak on behalf of those other groups in addition to the groups that they belong to personally.
EZR 4 10 d6lu translate-names אָסְנַפַּר֙ 1 Ashurbanipal **Ashurbanipal** is the name of a man. His name in Aramaic was Osnappar. He was king of Assyria from 668 to 627 B.C. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 4 10 pu35 translate-names עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֖⁠ה 1 the Province Beyond the River **Beyond-the-River** is the name of the province of the Persian Empire that contained the lands of Israel and Judah. It occurs many times throughout the book, and it will be helpful to your readers if you translate it consistently each time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 4 10 s4ki grammar-connect-words-phrases וּ⁠כְעֶֽנֶת 1 The phrase translated **And now** is an Aramaic expression that was used in the letters of this time to introduce the main business of the letter. In [4:11](../04/11.md), [4:17](../04/17.md), and [7:12](../07/12.md), it comes at the beginning of a letter, right after opening conventions such as the names of the sender and recipient and greetings. In [5:17](../05/17.md), it comes near the end of a letter to introduce a request that the writers finally make in light of extensive background information that they provide up to that point. But here it introduces the letter itself after a long preamble that lists the names of the senders and the groups on whose behalf they feel they can speak. If your language has a comparable expression that it uses for this same purpose, you can use that in your translation. If your language would not put such an expression here, then you can leave it out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
EZR 4 10 s4ki grammar-connect-words-phrases וּ⁠כְעֶֽנֶת 1 The phrase translated **And now** is an Aramaic expression that was used in the letters of this time to introduce the main business of the letter. In [4:11](../04/11.md), [4:17](../04/17.md), and [7:12](../07/12.md), it comes at the beginning of a letter, right after opening conventions such as the names of the sender and recipient and greetings. In [5:17](../05/17.md), it comes near the end of a letter to introduce a request that the writers finally make in light of extensive background information that they provide up to that point. But here it introduces the letter itself after a long preamble that lists the names of the senders and the groups on whose behalf they feel they can speak. If your language has a comparable expression that it uses for this same purpose, you can use that in your translation. If your language would not put such an expression here, then you could leave it out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
EZR 4 11 a7sk figs-aside דְּנָה֙ פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן אִגַּרְתָּ֔⁠א דִּ֚י שְׁלַ֣חוּ עֲל֔וֹ⁠הִי 1 This is a copy **They** means the men listed in [4:9](../04/09.md). The book is interrupting its quotation after the preamble to make sure that readers know that the text of the letter itself will now follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
EZR 4 11 lny4 figs-quotemarks דְּנָה֙ פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן אִגַּרְתָּ֔⁠א דִּ֚י שְׁלַ֣חוּ עֲל֔וֹ⁠הִי 1 If you used quotation marks or some other punctuation or convention to indicate the beginning of the quotation at the start of [4:9](../04/09.md), you should use the same means to indicate that there is a break in the quotation at the end of [4:10](../04/10.md), and then show that the quotation resumes after this sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
EZR 4 11 v61f translate-names אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא 1 **Artaxerxes** is the name of a man. See how you translated it in [4:7](../04/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ EZR 4 13 vkk4 figs-123person יְדִ֨יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְ⁠מַלְ
EZR 4 13 cd84 figs-activepassive יְדִ֨יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְ⁠מַלְכָּ֔⁠א 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “we would like you to know, O king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 4 13 wj7f figs-parallelism הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥⁠א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְ⁠שׁוּרַיָּ֖⁠ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן 1 These two phrases mean similar things. (As noted in [4:12](../04/12.md), **completed** is another way of saying **built** when the terms are paired like this.) Likely for emphasis, the officials say essentially the same thing twice to create an ominous sense of threat. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “if they are able to rebuild that city” However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The second phrase is actually stronger and more threatening, because the city walls could prevent Artaxerxes from reasserting his sovereignty by force. Alternate translation: “if they rebuild the city, and especially if they restore its protective walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 4 13 wj57 figs-activepassive הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥⁠א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְ⁠שׁוּרַיָּ֖⁠ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן 1 if this city is built and the wall is completed If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “if the Jews are able to rebuild the city and restore its walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 4 13 x47o figs-doublet מִנְדָּֽה־בְל֤וֹ וַ⁠הֲלָךְ֙ לָ֣א יִנְתְּנ֔וּן 1 **Tax**, **tribute**, and **custom** mean similar things. The officials use the three terms together to emphasize that the king could lose all of his income from the Jews living in Jerusalem and the province of Judah. However, there is a slight difference between the three terms. While their exact meaning is uncertain, they may refer to these three kinds of taxes: taxes based on a percentage of income, tribute money that subjects would pay on a per-person basis, and duty that they would pay on articles purchased for use or transported for sale. Alternate translation: “they will no longer pay taxes, tribute, or duty” But if you do not have three different words for different kinds of taxes in your language, you can just use one word, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]. A doublet can involve the use of more than two words.)
EZR 4 13 x47o figs-doublet מִנְדָּֽה־בְל֤וֹ וַ⁠הֲלָךְ֙ לָ֣א יִנְתְּנ֔וּן 1 **Tax**, **tribute**, and **custom** mean similar things. The officials use the three terms together to emphasize that the king could lose all of his income from the Jews living in Jerusalem and the province of Judah. However, there is a slight difference between the three terms. While their exact meaning is uncertain, they may refer to these three kinds of taxes: taxes based on a percentage of income, tribute money that subjects would pay on a per-person basis, and duty that they would pay on articles purchased for use or transported for sale. Alternate translation: “they will no longer pay taxes, tribute, or duty” But if you do not have three different words for different kinds of taxes in your language, you could just use one word, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]. A doublet can involve the use of more than two words.)
EZR 4 13 pgs2 figs-explicit וְ⁠אַפְּתֹ֥ם מַלְכִ֖ים תְּהַנְזִֽק 1 the treasury of the king will suffer loss The officials are writing to a king who is the sole ruler of his empire, but they may be using the plural **kings** here because previous kings had accumulated much of the royal treasures. The officials may also be suggesting implicitly that not only Artaxerxes, but also his successors, will get no further revenue from the Jews if Jerusalem is rebuilt and fortified. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and this will reduce the income of kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 4 14 ye9h grammar-connect-words-phrases כְּעַ֗ן 1 As in [4:13](../04/13.md), the word **now** is similar to the expression “and now” found in [4:10](../04/10.md) and [4:11](../04/11.md). Here it introduces another important point within the letter. If your language has a comparable expression that it uses for this same purpose, you can use that in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
EZR 4 14 m7yw figs-idiom מְלַ֤ח הֵֽיכְלָ⁠א֙ מְלַ֔חְנָא 1 we have eaten the salt of the palace This expression means that these officials are paid from the royal treasury. Alternate translation: “we are paid from the royal treasury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ EZR 4 14 uggy figs-123person עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה שְׁלַ֖חְנָא ו
EZR 4 15 mcvp figs-123person דִּ֡י יְבַקַּר֩ 1 Here again the officials are addressing the king in the third person as a sign of respect. They are also making their suggestion very diplomatically so that they do not appear to be telling the king what to do. Alternate translation: “and may we suggest that you search” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 4 15 fujm figs-idiom בִּֽ⁠סְפַר־דָּכְרָ֨נַיָּ֜⁠א דִּ֣י אֲבָהָתָ֗⁠ךְ 1 Although **book** is singular, this expression actually refers to the collection of documents that Artaxerxes possessed that recorded events and decrees from the reigns of earlier kings. He responds in [4:19](../04/19.md) that he had his court officials search in this collection. Verses [6:1–2](../06/01.md) describe how Darius earlier made a similar search. Alternate translation: “in the royal chronicles” or “in the archives of the previous kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 4 15 u1i3 figs-metaphor בִּֽ⁠סְפַר־דָּכְרָ֨נַיָּ֜⁠א דִּ֣י אֲבָהָתָ֗⁠ךְ 1 Here, **fathers** figuratively means “predecessors.” This would include some who were direct ancestors of Artaxerxes, including his father Ahasuerus (Xerxes) and grandfather Darius. But it also seems to include the Assyrian and Babylonian kings to whose empires the Persian kings were now the heirs. The revolts of Jerusalem that this search discovered, as reported in [4:19](../04/19.md), were against the Babylonians. Indeed, Artaxerxes says that his officials investigated the matter back to ancient days, presumably back to the times of earlier empires. Alternate translation: “the chronicles of previous kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 4 15 zvmc figs-doublet וּ֠⁠תְהַשְׁכַּח בִּ⁠סְפַ֣ר דָּכְרָנַיָּ⁠א֮ וְ⁠תִנְדַּע֒ 1 The words **discover** and **learn** mean similar things. The officials use the two words together to emphasize how certain it is that the chronicles will show that Jerusalem has always been rebellious. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use only one word instead of two. Alternate translation: “The chronicles will certainly confirm for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZR 4 15 zvmc figs-doublet וּ֠⁠תְהַשְׁכַּח בִּ⁠סְפַ֣ר דָּכְרָנַיָּ⁠א֮ וְ⁠תִנְדַּע֒ 1 The words **discover** and **learn** mean similar things. The officials use the two words together to emphasize how certain it is that the chronicles will show that Jerusalem has always been rebellious. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use only one word instead of two. Alternate translation: “The chronicles will certainly confirm for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZR 4 15 sa9b figs-parallelism דִּי֩ קִרְיְתָ֨⁠א דָ֜ךְ קִרְיָ֣א מָֽרָדָ֗א וּֽ⁠מְהַנְזְקַ֤ת מַלְכִין֙ וּ⁠מְדִנָ֔ן וְ⁠אֶשְׁתַּדּוּר֙ עָבְדִ֣ין בְּ⁠גַוַּ֔⁠הּ מִן־יוֹמָ֖ת עָלְמָ֑⁠א 1 a rebellious city These two phrases mean similar things. The officials say essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “that the people living in Jerusalem have constantly rebelled against their kings and governors and refused to pay tribute” However, there is a slight difference in meaning. The second phrase intensifies the first phrase, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. Alternate translation: “that the people of Jerusalem have rebelled against emperors and governors and refused to pay tribute, long being a center of revolt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 4 15 z1fu figs-idiom וּֽ⁠מְהַנְזְקַ֤ת 1 In light of the similar expression in [4:13](../04/13.md), “and the revenue of the kings will suffer harm,” this likely means that the people of Jerusalem have refused to pay tribute to foreign emperors. Alternate translation: “and refused to pay tribute to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 4 15 iw58 figs-metonymy וּ⁠מְדִנָ֔ן 1 Here, **provinces** refers to the rulers of provinces, that is, governors. The officials are describing them figuratively by reference to something associated with them, the jurisdictions that they rule. Alternate translation: “and governors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -509,17 +509,17 @@ EZR 5 3 xjkh translate-names וּ⁠שְׁתַ֥ר בּוֹזְנַ֖י 1 the Pr
EZR 5 3 kq8c figs-idiom וּ⁠כְנָוָתְ⁠ה֑וֹן 1 the Province Beyond the River As often in the book, the term **companions** here indicates people who hold similar positions. Alternate translation: “and their associates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 5 3 gzge figs-go אֲתָ֨א 1 the Province Beyond the River Use the motion verb that is most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “went” or “traveled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
EZR 5 3 zz1b מַן־שָׂ֨ם לְ⁠כֹ֜ם טְעֵ֗ם 1 the Province Beyond the River See how you translated this word for **decree** in [4:19](../04/19.md) and [4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate translation: “Who gave you permission” or “Who authorized you”
EZR 5 3 a23k figs-parallelism בַּיְתָ֤⁠א דְנָה֙ לִ⁠בְּנֵ֔א וְ⁠אֻשַּׁרְנָ֥⁠א דְנָ֖ה לְ⁠שַׁכְלָלָֽה 1 the Province Beyond the River These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. As noted in [4:12](../04/12.md), **complete** is another way of saying **build** when the terms are paired like this. The officials say essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. If that would be confusing for your readers, you can say it once and provide emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “to build a large temple such as this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 5 3 a23k figs-parallelism בַּיְתָ֤⁠א דְנָה֙ לִ⁠בְּנֵ֔א וְ⁠אֻשַּׁרְנָ֥⁠א דְנָ֖ה לְ⁠שַׁכְלָלָֽה 1 the Province Beyond the River These two phrases mean essentially the same thing. As noted in [4:12](../04/12.md), **complete** is another way of saying **build** when the terms are paired like this. The officials say essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. If that would be confusing for your readers, you could say it once and provide emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “to build a large temple such as this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 5 3 rp2r figs-metaphor בַּיְתָ֤⁠א דְנָה֙ 1 the Province Beyond the River “this temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 5 4 jznw grammar-connect-time-sequential אֱדַ֥יִן 1 the Province Beyond the River Here, the word **Then** is indicating that the enemies asked the question in this verse right after the question they asked in the previous verse. (The word is not indicating that the two questions were asked on separate occasions.) Alternate translation: “In addition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EZR 5 4 tp1s translate-textvariants אֲמַ֣רְנָא לְּ⁠הֹ֑ם מַן־אִנּוּן֙ שְׁמָהָ֣ת גֻּבְרַיָּ֔⁠א 1 Here, the Aramaic text reads **we said**. The pronoun does not seem to fit the context here, because of the sudden, unexplained shift from third person “they” in verse 3 to first person “we” here. In [5:10](../05/10.md), in their letter to Darius, Tattenai and his associates use “we” when they report that they were the ones who asked this question. So the word “we” could have been mistakenly copied into this verse from that one. Other ancient versions say “they,” and it will likely be clearest for your readers if you translate the phrase in that way. Alternate translation: “they said to them, 'What are the men's names” or “they said to them, “Who are the men” It is also possible that the verse is not reporting a question in direct speech, but is simply describing what was said as a statement. In that case, **we** would refer to the Jews. Alternate translation: “we told them who the men were” or “we told them the names of the men [who were building this building.”] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
EZR 5 4 cwgj figs-quotations אֲמַ֣רְנָא לְּ⁠הֹ֑ם מַן־אִנּוּן֙ שְׁמָהָ֣ת גֻּבְרַיָּ֔⁠א דִּֽי־דְנָ֥ה בִנְיָנָ֖⁠א בָּנַֽיִן 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you can present this sentence as an indirect quotation, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EZR 5 4 cwgj figs-quotations אֲמַ֣רְנָא לְּ⁠הֹ֑ם מַן־אִנּוּן֙ שְׁמָהָ֣ת גֻּבְרַיָּ֔⁠א דִּֽי־דְנָ֥ה בִנְיָנָ֖⁠א בָּנַֽיִן 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could present this sentence as an indirect quotation, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
EZR 5 5 ewqj grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ⁠עֵ֣ין 1 the Province Beyond the River Here, the word **But** indicates that the sentence it introduces draws a contrast between what Tattenai and his associates were trying to accomplish, which was an immediate end to the rebuilding of the temple, and what actually happened. You could begin the sentence with a word such as “however” to indicate this contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EZR 5 5 gv23 figs-metaphor וְ⁠עֵ֣ין אֱלָהֲ⁠הֹ֗ם הֲוָת֙ עַל־שָׂבֵ֣י יְהוּדָיֵ֔⁠א 1 the eye of God was on Here, **eye** stands for seeing, and in this context, seeing figuratively means giving care, protection, and favor. Alternate translation: “God was making sure that the Jewish leaders would be alright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 5 5 mvci grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠לָא 1 the eye of God was on Here the word **and** indicates that the clause it introduces explains the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “as a result … not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EZR 5 5 eu4e figs-explicit וְ⁠לָא־בַטִּ֣לוּ הִמּ֔וֹ עַד־טַעְמָ֖⁠א לְ⁠דָרְיָ֣וֶשׁ יְהָ֑ךְ 1 a report could be sent to Darius and a decree was returned concerning this matter Here the word **they** refers to Tattenai and his associates. The implication is that they did not make the Jewish leaders stop rebuilding the temple right away. Rather, they chose to wait until they could send a report about the rebuilding to Darius, to see what he would say about it. Alternate translation: “and Tattenai and his associates did not make the Jews stop rebuilding the temple right away, but they decided instead to report the matter to King Darius” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 5 5 udsx grammar-connect-time-sequential וֶ⁠אֱדַ֛יִן 1 a report could be sent to Darius and a decree was returned concerning this matter This phrase indicates that this event would take place after the event the story has just described. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EZR 5 5 y8gi יְתִיב֥וּן נִשְׁתְּוָנָ֖⁠א עַל־דְּנָֽה 1 a report could be sent to Darius and a decree was returned concerning this matter Here the word **they** primarily refers to Darius. As in [4:18](../04/18.md), the plural may be used to indicate the king and his officials, who would consider the matter openly in the royal court. If this is confusing in your language, you can use the singular. Alternate translation: “he sent back a letter to tell them what to do about this”
EZR 5 5 y8gi יְתִיב֥וּן נִשְׁתְּוָנָ֖⁠א עַל־דְּנָֽה 1 a report could be sent to Darius and a decree was returned concerning this matter Here the word **they** primarily refers to Darius. As in [4:18](../04/18.md), the plural may be used to indicate the king and his officials, who would consider the matter openly in the royal court. If this is confusing in your language, you could use the singular. Alternate translation: “he sent back a letter to tell them what to do about this”
EZR 5 6 jbg5 translate-names תַּתְּנַ֣י…וּ⁠שְׁתַ֤ר בּוֹזְנַי֙ 1 This is a copy of the letter These are the names of two men. See how you translated them in [5:3](../05/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 5 6 uq1x וּ⁠כְנָ֣וָתֵ֔⁠הּ 1 the Province Beyond the River Alternate translation: “and their colleagues”
EZR 5 7 tqh1 figs-quotemarks לְ⁠דָרְיָ֥וֶשׁ מַלְכָּ֖⁠א שְׁלָמָ֥⁠א כֹֽלָּ⁠א 1 the Province Beyond the River Here the book begins to quote the letter that Tattenai and his associates sent to King Darius. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ EZR 5 8 nmq2 figs-activepassive וְ⁠ה֤וּא מִתְבְּנֵא֙ אֶ֣
EZR 5 8 cgiz figs-activepassive וַ⁠עֲבִ֥ידְתָּ⁠א דָ֛ךְ אָסְפַּ֥רְנָא מִתְעַבְדָ֖א וּ⁠מַצְלַ֥ח בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠הֹֽם 1 timbers You could say this with an active form, and you could say who was doing the action. The term **diligently**, used here and several more times in the book, means carefully, exactly, and efficiently. Alternate translation: “And they are doing the work carefully and efficiently and successfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 5 8 nzzw figs-metaphor וּ⁠מַצְלַ֥ח בְּ⁠יֶדְ⁠הֹֽם 1 timbers Here, **hand** figuratively represents control and action. Alternate translation: “and it is succeeding at their initiative” or “and they have been able to advance the work successfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 5 9 uee9 figs-quotemarks מַן־שָׂ֨ם לְ⁠כֹ֜ם טְעֵ֗ם בַּיְתָ֤⁠א דְנָה֙ לְ⁠מִבְנְיָ֔ה וְ⁠אֻשַּׁרְנָ֥⁠א דְנָ֖ה לְ⁠שַׁכְלָלָֽה 1 Who issued you a command This is a quotation within a quotation. That is, the book is quoting from the letter that Tattenai and his associates sent to King Darius, and within that letter, they are quoting what they asked the Jewish elders. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off these words within secondary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
EZR 5 9 p8jz figs-parallelism מַן־שָׂ֨ם לְ⁠כֹ֜ם טְעֵ֗ם בַּיְתָ֤⁠א דְנָה֙ לְ⁠מִבְנְיָ֔ה וְ⁠אֻשַּׁרְנָ֥⁠א דְנָ֖ה לְ⁠שַׁכְלָלָֽה 1 Who issued you a command See how you translated this question in [5:3](../05/03.md). The phrases **build this house** and **complete this structure** refer to the same action, not different actions. The officials say essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. If that would be confusing for your readers, you can say it once and provide emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “Who said that you could build a large temple such as this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 5 9 p8jz figs-parallelism מַן־שָׂ֨ם לְ⁠כֹ֜ם טְעֵ֗ם בַּיְתָ֤⁠א דְנָה֙ לְ⁠מִבְנְיָ֔ה וְ⁠אֻשַּׁרְנָ֥⁠א דְנָ֖ה לְ⁠שַׁכְלָלָֽה 1 Who issued you a command See how you translated this question in [5:3](../05/03.md). The phrases **build this house** and **complete this structure** refer to the same action, not different actions. The officials say essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. If that would be confusing for your readers, you could say it once and provide emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “Who said that you could build a large temple such as this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 5 10 okji grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠אַ֧ף שְׁמָהָתְ⁠הֹ֛ם שְׁאֵ֥לְנָא לְּ⁠הֹ֖ם לְ⁠הוֹדָעוּתָ֑⁠ךְ דִּ֛י נִכְתֻּ֥ב שֻׁם־גֻּבְרַיָּ֖⁠א דִּ֥י בְ⁠רָאשֵׁי⁠הֹֽם 1 Who issued you a command If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put the reason before the result. (We do not know if Tattenai and his associates succeeded in writing down the list of names.) Alternate translation: “We wanted to write down the names of their leaders and to be prepared to let you know who they were, so we also asked them their names” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EZR 5 10 qn28 figs-metaphor גֻּבְרַיָּ֖⁠א דִּ֥י בְ⁠רָאשֵׁי⁠הֹֽם 1 Who issued you a command Here, **head** is a figurative way of referring to a leader. Alternate translation: “the men who were their leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 5 11 f9fm figs-quotemarks אֲנַ֣חְנָא הִמּ֡וֹ עַבְדוֹ⁠הִי֩ דִֽי־אֱלָ֨הּ שְׁמַיָּ֜⁠א וְ⁠אַרְעָ֗⁠א 1 General Information: Starting here, and through [5:16](../05/16.md), there is another quotation within a quotation. The book is quoting from the letter that Tattenai and his associates sent to King Darius, and within that letter, they are quoting what the Jewish elders told them in response to their question. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening secondary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ EZR 5 15 ebgs figs-quotesinquotes אֵ֚ל מָֽאנַיָּ֔⁠א שֵׂ֚א
EZR 5 15 q6r3 figs-activepassive וּ⁠בֵ֥ית אֱלָהָ֖⁠א יִתְבְּנֵ֥א עַל־אַתְרֵֽ⁠הּ 1 Let the house of God be rebuilt If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “I authorize you to rebuild the temple on its original site” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 5 16 x9zt grammar-connect-time-sequential אֱדַ֨יִן֙ 1 General Information: The elders use the word **then** to indicate that the event they will now describe came after the events they have just described. In your translation, you can use the expression in your language that would best indicate this relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EZR 5 16 batc שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּ֣ר דֵּ֔ךְ אֲתָ֗א 1 General Information: The implication is that he came here, that is, from the perspective of the elders who are speaking, he came to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “that man named Sheshbazzar came here”
EZR 5 16 e4ml figs-explicit יְהַ֧ב אֻשַּׁיָּ֛⁠א 1 General Information: Sheshbazzar did not do the work himself. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can refer to others who did the work, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 5 16 e4ml figs-explicit יְהַ֧ב אֻשַּׁיָּ֛⁠א 1 General Information: Sheshbazzar did not do the work himself. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could refer to others who did the work, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 5 16 iuxm וּ⁠מִן־אֱדַ֧יִן וְ⁠עַד־כְּעַ֛ן מִתְבְּנֵ֖א וְ⁠לָ֥א שְׁלִֽם 1 General Information: In several places the book uses the terms **built and complete** together to mean “constructed.” (Review the note about this at [5:11](../05/11.md) if that would be helpful.) But this expression means something different here. Because there is a **not** before the second verb, here the expression means that the temple was only partially rebuilt, and then the work was interrupted. Be sure that your translation shows this difference. Alternate translation: “And ever since then, we have been trying to rebuild the temple, but we still have much work to do on it”
EZR 5 16 d7m8 figs-activepassive מִתְבְּנֵ֖א וְ⁠לָ֥א שְׁלִֽם 1 it has been under construction, but is not complete If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “we have been trying to rebuild the temple, but we still have much work to do on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 5 16 myr8 figs-quotemarks וְ⁠לָ֥א שְׁלִֽם 1 under construction Here the letter ends its quotation of what the Jewish elders told Tattenai and his associates. If you decided in [5:11](../05/11.md) to mark their words as a secondary quotation, you should indicate that ending here with a closing secondary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ EZR 6 1 dze3 figs-metaphor בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית סִפְרַיָּ֗⁠א דִּ
EZR 6 1 ekf1 figs-activepassive בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית סִפְרַיָּ֗⁠א דִּ֧י גִנְזַיָּ֛⁠א מְהַחֲתִ֥ין 1 in the archives where the treasures were stored If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “in the places where the kings stored their chronicles and other valuable items” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 6 1 p41w figs-idiom תַּמָּ֖ה בְּ⁠בָבֶֽל 1 in the archives where the treasures were stored This cannot mean that the search was limited to the archives in the city of Babylon or even to the region of Babylon that had become a province in the Persian Empire because a scroll describing the decree of Cyrus was finally found in the neighboring province of Media. Rather, **Babylon** must be a general description for the whole area that was the center of power for the Babylonian and Persian empires. Alternate translation: “there in Babylonia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 6 2 vcxt grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠הִשְׁתְּכַ֣ח…מְגִלָּ֣ה חֲדָ֑ה 1 a scroll was found Here, **And** indicates that the sentence it introduces explains the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “As a result they found one scroll” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EZR 6 2 i390 figs-explicit וְ⁠הִשְׁתְּכַ֣ח…מְגִלָּ֣ה חֲדָ֑ה 1 a scroll was found It is implied that the officials searched before they found the scroll. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “After searching in the archives, they found one scroll” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 6 2 i390 figs-explicit וְ⁠הִשְׁתְּכַ֣ח…מְגִלָּ֣ה חֲדָ֑ה 1 a scroll was found It is implied that the officials searched before they found the scroll. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “After searching in the archives, they found one scroll” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 6 2 gfa8 figs-activepassive וְ⁠הִשְׁתְּכַ֣ח…מְגִלָּ֣ה חֲדָ֑ה 1 a scroll was found If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “As a result, the officials found one scroll” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 6 2 f8w5 translate-names בְּ⁠אַחְמְתָ֗א…דִּ֛י בְּ⁠מָדַ֥י מְדִינְתָּ֖⁠ה 1 Ecbatana **Ecbatana** is the name of a city, and **Media** is the name of the province in which it was located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 6 2 lrvg figs-activepassive וְ⁠כֵן־כְּתִ֥יב בְּ⁠גַוַּ֖⁠הּ דִּכְרוֹנָֽ⁠ה 1 Ecbatana If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “and the writing in the scroll said this” or “and the message in the scroll was”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ EZR 6 3 gi3x figs-quotemarks בַּיְתָ֣⁠א יִתְבְּנֵ֔א 1 Let
EZR 6 3 uzdu figs-parallelism בַּיְתָ֣⁠א יִתְבְּנֵ֔א…וְ⁠אֻשּׁ֖וֹ⁠הִי מְסֽוֹבְלִ֑ין 1 Let the house be rebuilt The words **built** and **raised** mean similar things. They are a poetic parallel, as in Isaiah 58:12, “Your ancient ruins will be built; you will raise up the foundations of many generations.” Cyrus says basically the same thing twice for emphasis and clarity. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “I authorize the Jews to raise up a new temple.” However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The second phrase is more specific in that it implicitly indicates that the new temple is to be built on the site of the former one. Alternate translation: “I authorize the Jews to rebuild the temple … on the site of the former temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 6 3 wuej figs-activepassive בַּיְתָ֣⁠א יִתְבְּנֵ֔א…וְ⁠אֻשּׁ֖וֹ⁠הִי מְסֽוֹבְלִ֑ין 1 Let the house be rebuilt If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “I authorize the Jews to rebuild the temple … on the site of the former temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 6 3 x11q figs-metaphor בַּיְתָ֣⁠א 1 Let the house be rebuilt Alternate translation: “the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 6 3 ts4a translate-bdistance רוּמֵ⁠הּ֙ אַמִּ֣ין שִׁתִּ֔ין פְּתָיֵ֖⁠הּ אַמִּ֥ין שִׁתִּֽין 1 sixty cubits If your readers would misunderstand this, you can convert these measures into modern units. Alternate translation: “The temple is to be 90 feet high and 90 feet wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZR 6 3 ts4a translate-bdistance רוּמֵ⁠הּ֙ אַמִּ֣ין שִׁתִּ֔ין פְּתָיֵ֖⁠הּ אַמִּ֥ין שִׁתִּֽין 1 sixty cubits If your readers would misunderstand this, you could convert these measures into modern units. Alternate translation: “The temple is to be 90 feet high and 90 feet wide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZR 6 4 q3hv figs-explicit נִדְבָּכִ֞ין דִּי־אֶ֤בֶן גְּלָל֙ תְּלָתָ֔א וְ⁠נִדְבָּ֖ךְ דִּי־אָ֣ע חֲדַ֑ת 1 with three rows of large stones and a row of new timber It is no longer clear exactly what these building instructions mean. They could mean that the walls of the temple should be three layers of stone thick, with a facing of wood on the inside. They could also mean that the walls should be built with one layer of wood on top of every three layers of stone, or that the temple was to have four stories, the lower three of stone and the top one of wood. Whatever the specifics, the implication is that the temple is to be rebuilt in the same way that Solomon originally built it, since 1 Kings 6:36 says that he built its inner court, at least, “with three courses of hewn stone, and a course of cedar beams.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and it is to be built of wood and stone just like the original one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 6 4 tny3 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נִ֨פְקְתָ֔⁠א מִן־בֵּ֥ית מַלְכָּ֖⁠א תִּתְיְהִֽב 1 let the cost be paid by the king’s house Here, **house** is a metaphor for property, meaning everything that a person keeps in his house, and by extension, everything that he owns. So **house** in this context figuratively represents the wealth and income of the king. Alternate translation: “I will pay the expenses from the royal revenue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 6 4 yh2n figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִ֨פְקְתָ֔⁠א מִן־בֵּ֥ית מַלְכָּ֖⁠א תִּתְיְהִֽב 1 let the cost be paid by the king’s house If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “I will pay the expenses from the royal revenue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ EZR 6 6 qpqv figs-123person תַּ֠תְּנַי פַּחַ֨ת עֲבַֽר־נ
EZR 6 6 xd9g translate-names תַּ֠תְּנַי…שְׁתַ֤ר בּוֹזְנַי֙ 1 Tattenai … Shethar-Bozenai These are the names of two men. See how you translated them in [5:3](../05/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 6 6 xk9x וּ⁠כְנָוָ֣תְ⁠ה֔וֹן 1 the Province Beyond the River Alternate translation: “and their associates” or “and your associates”
EZR 6 6 akg1 figs-metaphor רַחִיקִ֥ין הֲו֖וֹ מִן־תַּמָּֽה 1 the Province Beyond the River King Darius uses a spatial metaphor to indicate figuratively that he wants Tattenai and his associates not to interfere with what the Jews are doing in Jerusalem. The meaning is not simply that they are to stay away physically from that area, since they could still plot against the Jews from a distance (for example, by bribing officials in the royal court, as [4:5](../04/05.md) describes). Alternate translation: “do not interfere with what is happening in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 6 7 k1ks figs-parallelism שְׁבֻ֕קוּ לַ⁠עֲבִידַ֖ת בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֣⁠א דֵ֑ךְ 1 the Province Beyond the River This sentence means basically the same thing as the last sentence in [6:6](../06/06.md). Darius says essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. If that would be confusing for your readers, you can combine the two sentences and express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation for both sentences: “do not interfere with the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem in any way” However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The second phrase is more specific. It says precisely what Darius wants these Samaritan officials to leave alone. Alternate translation: “Do not interfere with what is happening in Jerusalem. Do not disturb the work on the temple there!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 6 7 k1ks figs-parallelism שְׁבֻ֕קוּ לַ⁠עֲבִידַ֖ת בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֣⁠א דֵ֑ךְ 1 the Province Beyond the River This sentence means basically the same thing as the last sentence in [6:6](../06/06.md). Darius says essentially the same thing twice for emphasis. If that would be confusing for your readers, you could combine the two sentences and express the emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation for both sentences: “do not interfere with the rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem in any way” However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The second phrase is more specific. It says precisely what Darius wants these Samaritan officials to leave alone. Alternate translation: “Do not interfere with what is happening in Jerusalem. Do not disturb the work on the temple there!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 6 7 xw40 בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֥⁠א דֵ֖ךְ יִבְנ֥וֹן עַל־אַתְרֵֽ⁠הּ 1 the Province Beyond the River As in [5:15](../05/15.md), this expression means “Let … rebuild the temple on its original site.” You could say that as an alternate translation.
EZR 6 8 ci97 figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִנִּ⁠י֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ לְ⁠מָ֣א דִֽי־תַֽעַבְד֗וּן עִם־שָׂבֵ֤י יְהוּדָיֵ⁠א֙ אִלֵּ֔ךְ לְ⁠מִבְנֵ֖א בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֣⁠א דֵ֑ךְ 1 General Information: If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “This is what I am commanding you to do to help the elders of the Jews rebuild that temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 6 8 njb9 figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִ⁠נִּכְסֵ֣י מַלְכָּ֗⁠א דִּ֚י מִדַּת֙ עֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֔⁠ה אָסְפַּ֗רְנָא נִפְקְתָ֛⁠א תֶּהֱוֵ֧א מִֽתְיַהֲבָ֛א לְ⁠גֻבְרַיָּ֥⁠א אִלֵּ֖ךְ 1 Let this cost be paid diligently at the expense of the king’s taxes beyond the River If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “I want you officials to carefully pay the full costs of the rebuilding from the royal treasury from the tribute that you receive in Beyond-the-River province” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ EZR 6 9 wlto figs-litotes דִּי־לָ֥א שָׁלֽוּ 1 at the expense of
EZR 6 10 it87 grammar-connect-logic-goal דִּֽי־לֶהֱוֺ֧ן מְהַקְרְבִ֛ין נִיחוֹחִ֖ין לֶ⁠אֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֑⁠א וּ⁠מְצַלַּ֕יִן לְ⁠חַיֵּ֥י מַלְכָּ֖⁠א וּ⁠בְנֽוֹ⁠הִי 1 at the expense of the king’s taxes beyond the River In this phrase, Darius explains the purpose for which he is commanding the actions described in the previous part of this sentence, in [6:9](../06/09.md). If you decided to break that verse into three sentences, you can make this verse a fourth sentence of its own. If it would be natural in your language, introduce this sentence with a term to indicate that Darius is explaining his purpose here. Alternate translation: “that way, the priests can continually offer sweet-smelling sacrifices to the God who rules in heaven and pray that God will preserve my life and the life of my sons.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EZR 6 10 b2zw figs-metaphor נִיחוֹחִ֖ין 1 at the expense of the king’s taxes beyond the River The primary idea is that these sacrifices will be pleasing to God, regardless of how they actually smell. Alternate translation: “pleasing sacrifices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 6 10 mchh לֶ⁠אֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֑⁠א 1 at the expense of the king’s taxes beyond the River See how you translated this expression in [5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “the God who rules in heaven”
EZR 6 10 xq28 figs-123person לְ⁠חַיֵּ֥י מַלְכָּ֖⁠א וּ⁠בְנֽוֹ⁠הִי 1 at the expense of the king’s taxes beyond the River Darius speaks of himself here in the third person. If that would be confusing in your language, you can use the first person. Alternate translation: “that God will preserve my life and the life of my sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 6 10 xq28 figs-123person לְ⁠חַיֵּ֥י מַלְכָּ֖⁠א וּ⁠בְנֽוֹ⁠הִי 1 at the expense of the king’s taxes beyond the River Darius speaks of himself here in the third person. If that would be confusing in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “that God will preserve my life and the life of my sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 6 10 ej11 figs-synecdoche לְ⁠חַיֵּ֥י מַלְכָּ֖⁠א וּ⁠בְנֽוֹ⁠הִי 1 at the expense of the king’s taxes beyond the River The king is speaking figuratively of the quality of his life and that of his sons, not just that they will live. Alternate translation: “that all will be well for me and my sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZR 6 10 a820 figs-metaphor וּ⁠בְנֽוֹ⁠הִי 1 at the expense of the king’s taxes beyond the River Here, **sons** could mean one of two things. (1) It could be literal and mean the biological sons of King Darius. (2) It could be figurative and mean descendants, specifically those whom Darius hoped would succeed him on the throne. As the note to [4:15](../04/15.md) explains, the Persian kings spoke of predecessor kings as their “fathers,” so they may also have spoken of successor kings as their “sons.” Alternate translation: “his successors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 6 11 em18 figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִנִּ⁠י֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ דִּ֣י 1 General Information: If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “and I am commanding that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ EZR 6 15 mz6f figs-metaphor בַּיְתָ֣⁠ה דְנָ֔ה 1 This house was
EZR 6 15 c1qx translate-ordinal עַ֛ד י֥וֹם תְּלָתָ֖ה לִ⁠ירַ֣ח אֲדָ֑ר 1 the third day of the month of Adar The Hebrew uses a cardinal number here, **three**, but there is not a significant difference in meaning between that and the way the Hebrew uses an ordinal number, **third**, in similar contexts elsewhere. If your language customarily uses ordinals for the numbers of days, you can do that here in your translation. Alternate translation: “by the third day of the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 6 15 i2k0 translate-hebrewmonths עַ֛ד י֥וֹם תְּלָתָ֖ה לִ⁠ירַ֣ח אֲדָ֑ר 1 the third day of the month of Adar You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may just want to give the number of the day and the name of the month on the Hebrew calendar. Alternate translation: “by the third day of the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
EZR 6 15 bhp9 translate-ordinal שְׁנַת־שֵׁ֔ת לְ⁠מַלְכ֖וּת דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ מַלְכָּֽ⁠א 1 sixth year The Hebrew uses a cardinal number here, **six**, but there is not a significant difference in meaning between that and the way the Hebrew uses an ordinal number, **sixth**, in similar contexts elsewhere. If your language customarily uses ordinals for the numbers of years, you can do that here in your translation. Alternate translation: “in the sixth year of the reign of Darius as king of Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 6 15 n23x figs-explicit שְׁנַת־שֵׁ֔ת לְ⁠מַלְכ֖וּת דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ מַלְכָּֽ⁠א 1 sixth year If your readers would misunderstand this, you can include the name of Darius's kingdom. Alternate translation: “in the sixth year of the reign of Darius as king of Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 6 15 n23x figs-explicit שְׁנַת־שֵׁ֔ת לְ⁠מַלְכ֖וּת דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ מַלְכָּֽ⁠א 1 sixth year If your readers would misunderstand this, you could include the name of Darius's kingdom. Alternate translation: “in the sixth year of the reign of Darius as king of Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 6 16 xnpw grammar-connect-time-sequential וַ⁠עֲבַ֣דוּ 1 the rest of the children of the exile Here, the word **And** indicates that the event the story will now relate came after the events it has just described. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could show this relationship by using a word such as “Then.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EZR 6 16 ajjz figs-metaphor בְנֵֽי־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל 1 the rest of the children of the exile Here, **sons** figuratively means “descendants.” Here the book envisions all of the Israelites as descendants of the patriarch Jacob, who was also known as Israel. The expression comprises the three groups that are listed next, the priests, Levites, and other Jews. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 6 16 cq1q figs-idiom וּ⁠שְׁאָ֣ר בְּנֵי־גָלוּתָ֗⁠א 1 the rest of the children of the exile As indicated in [2:1](../02/01.md) and [8:35](../08/35.md), the phrase **the sons of the exile** refers specifically to the group of Jewish people who returned to the land of Judah from Babylon after King Nebuchadnezzar had conquered Jerusalem and had taken many Jews as captives to Babylon. Alternate translation: “and the Jews who had returned from exile” or “and the Jews who had returned to their homeland” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ EZR 7 7 n433 figs-metaphor מִ⁠בְּנֵֽי־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל 1 in th
EZR 7 7 myus translate-names וְ⁠הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֜ם 1 in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes See how you translated this term in [2:40](../02/40.md). Review the explanation in the note there if that would be helpful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 7 7 tj7t וְ⁠הַ⁠מְשֹׁרְרִ֧ים 1 in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes This is the same occupational group as in [2:41](../02/41.md). Review the explanation in the note there if that would be helpful.
EZR 7 7 zwq2 וְ⁠הַ⁠שֹּׁעֲרִ֛ים 1 in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes This is the same occupational group as in [2:42](../02/42.md). Review the explanation in the note there if that would be helpful.
EZR 7 7 szwv figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠נְּתִינִ֖ים 1 in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes See how you translated this term in [2:43](../02/43.md). Review the explanation in the note there if that would be helpful. These men would not have worked in the temple themselves, but would be descendants of men who had worked in the temple. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and descendants of the temple servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 7 7 szwv figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠נְּתִינִ֖ים 1 in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes See how you translated this term in [2:43](../02/43.md). Review the explanation in the note there if that would be helpful. These men would not have worked in the temple themselves, but would be descendants of men who had worked in the temple. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and descendants of the temple servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 7 7 u61a figs-idiom וַ⁠יַּֽעֲל֣וּ…אֶל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes The book says **went up** because these people had to travel from a river valley up into the mountains in order to return from their places of exile to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “traveled to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 7 7 wz8c figs-go וַ⁠יַּֽעֲל֣וּ…אֶל־יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes If it is more natural in your language, you can say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “came to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
EZR 7 7 tt66 translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁנַת־שֶׁ֖בַע לְ⁠אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥סְתְּא הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes The Hebrew uses a cardinal number here, **seven**, but there is not a significant difference in meaning between that and the way the Hebrew uses an ordinal number, **seventh**, in similar contexts elsewhere. If your language customarily uses ordinals for the numbers of years, you can do that here in your translation. Alternate translation: “in the seventh year of the reign of Artaxerxes as king of Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
@ -767,21 +767,21 @@ EZR 7 10 x92b figs-metonymy בְּ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 in Israel Here, th
EZR 7 11 xf26 writing-newevent וְ⁠זֶ֣ה 1 This is a copy of the letter The word **Now** introduces a new event in the story. Use an expression in your language that would be natural for introducing a new event or a change to something different. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EZR 7 11 qjr1 translate-names הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֔סְתְּא 1 This is a copy of the letter Artaxerxes is the name of a man. It also occurs in [7:12](../07/12.md) and [7:21](../07/21.md) in this chapter. See how you translated it in [4:7](../04/07.md). Alternate translation: “King Artaxerxes of Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 7 11 xatp figs-distinguish לְ⁠עֶזְרָ֥א הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֖ן הַ⁠סֹּפֵ֑ר סֹפֵ֞ר דִּבְרֵ֧י מִצְוֺת־יְהוָ֛ה וְ⁠חֻקָּ֖י⁠ו עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 This is a copy of the letter Here, the book repeats some background information to remind readers who Ezra was. Alternate translation: “to Ezra, who was a priest and a scribe, and who had carefully studied everything that Yahweh, in the law, had commanded the people of Israel to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
EZR 7 11 w5oy figs-doublet מִצְוֺת־יְהוָ֛ה וְ⁠חֻקָּ֖י⁠ו עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 This is a copy of the letter These two phrases mean similar things. The book uses them together to refer comprehensively to everything in the law. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can combine the phrases in your translation. Alternate translation: “everything that Yahweh, in the law, had commanded the people of Israel to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZR 7 11 w5oy figs-doublet מִצְוֺת־יְהוָ֛ה וְ⁠חֻקָּ֖י⁠ו עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 This is a copy of the letter These two phrases mean similar things. The book uses them together to refer comprehensively to everything in the law. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine the phrases in your translation. Alternate translation: “everything that Yahweh, in the law, had commanded the people of Israel to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZR 7 11 y4s9 figs-personification יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 This is a copy of the letter The story refers here to all of the Israelites figuratively as if they were a single person, their ancestor, Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EZR 7 12 zcfw figs-quotemarks אַ֨רְתַּחְשַׁ֔סְתְּא מֶ֖לֶךְ מַלְכַיָּ֑⁠א לְ⁠עֶזְרָ֣א כָ֠הֲנָ⁠א 1 Artaxerxes, king of kings Here, the book begins to quote a letter of introduction and authorization that Artaxerxes gave to Ezra. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
EZR 7 12 y33a figs-explicit אַ֨רְתַּחְשַׁ֔סְתְּא מֶ֖לֶךְ מַלְכַיָּ֑⁠א 1 Artaxerxes, king of kings Following the conventions of letter writing at the time, Artaxerxes gives his name first, as the sender. **The king of kings** was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. Alternate translation: “From the Great King Artaxerxes” or “From Artaxerxes, the greatest king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 7 12 afcw writing-background לְ⁠עֶזְרָ֣א כָ֠הֲנָ⁠א סָפַ֨ר דָּתָ֜⁠א דִּֽי־אֱלָ֧הּ שְׁמַיָּ֛⁠א 1 Artaxerxes, king of kings As was also conventional, Artaxerxes gives Ezra’s name next, as the recipient. He also includes some background information that helps identify Ezra further. Alternate translation: “Ezra, a priest of the God who rules in heaven, who has studied his law carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EZR 7 12 gwt9 אֱלָ֧הּ שְׁמַיָּ֛⁠א 1 Artaxerxes, king of kings See how you translated this expression in [5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “the God who rules in heaven”
EZR 7 12 al0q גְּמִ֖יר 1 Artaxerxes, king of kings As in [4:17](../04/17.md) and [5:7](../05/07.md), this is a conventional greeting or good wish that senders at this time often included at the beginning of a letter. If your language has a similar expression that it uses for the same purpose, you can use it here. Alternate translation: “Greetings” or “We hope all is well with you”
EZR 7 12 bf52 grammar-connect-words-phrases וּ⁠כְעֶֽנֶת 1 Artaxerxes, king of kings **And now** is an Aramaic expression that was used in the letters of this time to introduce the main business of the letter. If it would be helpful, review the note about this expression at [4:10](../04/10.md). If your language has a comparable expression that it uses for this same purpose, you can use that in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
EZR 7 12 bf52 grammar-connect-words-phrases וּ⁠כְעֶֽנֶת 1 Artaxerxes, king of kings **And now** is an Aramaic expression that was used in the letters of this time to introduce the main business of the letter. If it would be helpful, review the note about this expression at [4:10](../04/10.md). If your language has a comparable expression that it uses for this same purpose, you could use that in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
EZR 7 13 d9b4 figs-activepassive מִנִּ⁠י֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ דִּ֣י 1 I am issuing a decree that all those … who desire to go up to Jerusalem If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “I am issuing a decree that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 7 13 wi2u figs-you עִמָּ֖⁠ךְ 1 may go with you The king is addressing Ezra, so **you** is singular and refers to Ezra here, and **you** and **your** similarly refer to him in all of their other occurrences through [7:20](../07/20.md). If your language distinguishes between forms of you, the form for a superior addressing a respected individual would be appropriate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZR 7 13 g0ml מִן־עַמָּ֨⁠ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל 1 may go with you Here Artaxerxes specifies that **Israel** is the name of Ezra’s people group, perhaps because he does not expect everyone who sees this letter to be familiar with them already. Alternate translation: “from the people known as ‘Israel’” or “from your people who are called ‘Israel’”
EZR 7 14 ahgx grammar-connect-logic-result כָּ⁠ל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּי֩ מִן־קֳדָ֨ם מַלְכָּ֜⁠א וְ⁠שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָעֲטֹ֨⁠הִי֙ שְׁלִ֔יחַ לְ⁠בַקָּרָ֥א עַל־יְה֖וּד וְ⁠לִֽ⁠ירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם בְּ⁠דָ֥ת אֱלָהָ֖⁠ךְ דִּ֥י בִ⁠ידָֽ⁠ךְ 1 Connecting Statement: Verses [7:14–17](../07/14.md) are one long sentence in Aramaic. The first part ([7:14–16](../07/14.md)) provides the reasons for the second part (in [7:17](../07/17.md)). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could break up that sentence into several smaller sentences. To begin with, you could make this verse a sentence of its own. To do that, you can leave off the word **Because** and express the meaning later in verse 17 with a word such as “so” or “therefore.” Alternate translation: “The king and his seven counselors are sending you to inquire about Judah and about Jerusalem by the law of your God which is in your hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EZR 7 14 ahgx grammar-connect-logic-result כָּ⁠ל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּי֩ מִן־קֳדָ֨ם מַלְכָּ֜⁠א וְ⁠שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָעֲטֹ֨⁠הִי֙ שְׁלִ֔יחַ לְ⁠בַקָּרָ֥א עַל־יְה֖וּד וְ⁠לִֽ⁠ירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם בְּ⁠דָ֥ת אֱלָהָ֖⁠ךְ דִּ֥י בִ⁠ידָֽ⁠ךְ 1 Connecting Statement: Verses [7:14–17](../07/14.md) are one long sentence in Aramaic. The first part ([7:14–16](../07/14.md)) provides the reasons for the second part (in [7:17](../07/17.md)). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could break up that sentence into several smaller sentences. To begin with, you could make this verse a sentence of its own. To do that, you could leave off the word **Because** and express the meaning later in verse 17 with a word such as “so” or “therefore.” Alternate translation: “The king and his seven counselors are sending you to inquire about Judah and about Jerusalem by the law of your God which is in your hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EZR 7 14 cbf2 grammar-connect-logic-result כָּ⁠ל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּי֩ 1 Connecting Statement: The word **Because** indicates that in the long sentence that follows, the next several phrases ([7:14–16](../07/14.md)) will provide the reasons for what the final two phrases say (in [7:17](../07/17.md)). If you have decided to keep the long sentence, you can translate this first word with the word or phrase in your language that introduces a reason. However, also consider breaking up this long sentence If your readers would misunderstand this. Alternate translation: “Since” or “In view of the fact that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EZR 7 14 h7cx figs-activepassive מִן־קֳדָ֨ם מַלְכָּ֜⁠א וְ⁠שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָעֲטֹ֨⁠הִי֙ שְׁלִ֔יחַ 1 the king, and his seven counselors If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “I and my seven counselors are sending you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 7 14 cx02 figs-123person מִן־קֳדָ֨ם מַלְכָּ֜⁠א וְ⁠שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָעֲטֹ֨⁠הִי֙ שְׁלִ֔יחַ 1 the king, and his seven counselors Artaxerxes speaks of himself here in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use the first person. Alternate translation: “I and my seven counselors are sending you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 7 14 cx02 figs-123person מִן־קֳדָ֨ם מַלְכָּ֜⁠א וְ⁠שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָעֲטֹ֨⁠הִי֙ שְׁלִ֔יחַ 1 the king, and his seven counselors Artaxerxes speaks of himself here in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I and my seven counselors are sending you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 7 14 tpvw figs-metaphor מִן־קֳדָ֨ם מַלְכָּ֜⁠א וְ⁠שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָעֲטֹ֨⁠הִי֙ שְׁלִ֔יחַ 1 the king, and his seven counselors This could mean literally that Ezra has been in the king’s presence, that is, in his court, and that the king is sending him out from there. This phrase would show anyone who read the letter that Ezra was an important figure in the royal court. The phrase could also be a spatial metaphor indicating that Ezra is going out on the king’s behalf and with his authority. Alternate translation: “I and my seven counselors are sending you from my court” or “I and my seven counselors are sending you with my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 7 14 u9he translate-unknown וְ⁠שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָעֲטֹ֨⁠הִי֙ 1 the king, and his seven counselors As in [4:5](../04/05.md), **counselors** means royal advisors in the Persian court. The seven mentioned here appear to have been the king’s closest and most important advisors. Alternate translation: “and his seven chief royal advisors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZR 7 14 dnqr figs-metonymy לְ⁠בַקָּרָ֥א עַל־יְה֖וּד וְ⁠לִֽ⁠ירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם בְּ⁠דָ֥ת אֱלָהָ֖⁠ךְ 1 the king, and his seven counselors Artaxerxes is describing the Jews who are in the province of Judah, and especially its capital city of Jerusalem, figuratively, by reference to things that are associated with them, the province and city where they live. Alternate translation: “to see how carefully the Jews living in the province of Judah and the city of Jerusalem are following the law of your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ EZR 7 20 tytf figs-idiom וּ⁠שְׁאָ֗ר חַשְׁחוּת֙ בֵּ֣ית
EZR 7 20 ef6f figs-activepassive חַשְׁחוּת֙ 1 treasury If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “whatever you might need for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 7 20 xcus figs-you אֱלָהָ֔⁠ךְ…לָ֖⁠ךְ…תִּנְתֵּ֕ן 1 treasury All of the forms of **you** in this verse are singular, referring to Ezra. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZR 7 20 gshw figs-synecdoche תִּנְתֵּ֕ן מִן־בֵּ֖ית גִּנְזֵ֥י מַלְכָּֽ⁠א 1 treasury This does not mean, as in [5:17](../05/17.md), the place where valuable royal documents were stored. Here, **house** likely represents all of the wealth of the king figuratively. It is a metaphor for “property,” meaning everything that a person keeps in his house, and by extension everything that he owns. So it is not necessarily a physical building, but it refers in general to all the financial resources that belong to the king, as with the shorter expression **the treasures of the king** in [6:8](../06/08.md). Alternate translation: “you may pay for from my royal treasury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZR 7 20 hgu9 figs-123person בֵּ֖ית גִּנְזֵ֥י מַלְכָּֽ⁠א 1 treasury Artaxerxes speaks of himself here in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use the first person. Alternate translation: “my royal treasury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 7 20 hgu9 figs-123person בֵּ֖ית גִּנְזֵ֥י מַלְכָּֽ⁠א 1 treasury Artaxerxes speaks of himself here in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “my royal treasury” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 7 21 wiy2 grammar-connect-logic-result וּ֠⁠מִנִּ⁠י 1 Connecting Statement: This phrase indicates that the sentence it introduces explains the results of what the previous sentence described. Specifically, Artaxerxes has just said that Ezra may pay for additional expenses out of the royal treasury. Consequently, regarding providing funds to Ezra, he will now give instructions to the officials responsible for administering the royal revenue in the province where Jerusalem is located. Alternate translation: “Consequently, from me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EZR 7 21 rfxe figs-123person וּ֠⁠מִנִּ⁠י אֲנָ֞ה אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֤סְתְּא מַלְכָּ⁠א֙ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵ֔ם 1 Connecting Statement: Up to this point in the letter, Artaxerxes has been addressing Ezra, and he has spoken of himself mostly in the third person. But now as he turns to address a new audience, the royal treasurers, he speaks of himself in the first person, and he uses the emphatic form **me myself** and repeats his name and title, as in [7:12](../07/12.md). If you have been translating the king’s use of the third person for himself in this letter with the first person in your language, it may be helpful to your readers if you use some emphatic form or extended phrase here to show this transition. Alternate translation: “And I, King Artaxerxes, am personally commanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 7 21 h6c8 figs-activepassive וּ֠⁠מִנִּ⁠י אֲנָ֞ה אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֤סְתְּא מַלְכָּ⁠א֙ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵ֔ם לְ⁠כֹל֙…דִּ֣י כָל־דִּ֣י יִ֠שְׁאֲלֶנְ⁠כוֹן עֶזְרָ֨א…אָסְפַּ֖רְנָא יִתְעֲבִֽד 1 that anything that Ezra … asks from you, let it be done diligently If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “And I, King Artaxerxes, am personally commanding all of you who are … to give Ezra … anything that he asks from you, and to do it exactly and promptly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -838,9 +838,9 @@ EZR 7 23 i89i figs-rquestion דִּֽי־לְ⁠מָ֤ה לֶֽהֱוֵא֙ קְ
EZR 7 23 bc0q figs-explicit דִּֽי־לְ⁠מָ֤ה לֶֽהֱוֵא֙ קְצַ֔ף עַל־מַלְכ֥וּת מַלְכָּ֖⁠א וּ⁠בְנֽוֹ⁠הִי 1 For why should his wrath come upon the kingdom of me and my sons? The implication is that Artaxerxes wants to have God’s favor, and he is concerned that God will be displeased with him instead if he does not provide for God’s temple in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I do not want God to be angry with me or with any of my descendants who rule after me because I neglected his temple.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 7 23 x6h5 figs-metonymy דִּֽי־לְ⁠מָ֤ה לֶֽהֱוֵא֙ קְצַ֔ף עַל־מַלְכ֥וּת מַלְכָּ֖⁠א וּ⁠בְנֽוֹ⁠הִי 1 For why should his wrath come upon the kingdom of me and my sons God’s wrath represents God’s punishment. Alternate translation: “I do not want God to punish me or any of my descendants who rule after me because I neglected his temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 7 23 jptx figs-metonymy מַלְכ֥וּת מַלְכָּ֖⁠א וּ⁠בְנֽוֹ⁠הִי 1 For why should his wrath come upon the kingdom of me and my sons God would not actually be angry with the realm over which Artaxerxes has authority. Rather, he uses the term **kingdom** to describe himself and his descendants figuratively by reference to something associated with them. Alternate translation: “me or any of my descendants who rule after me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 7 23 aia6 figs-123person מַלְכ֥וּת מַלְכָּ֖⁠א וּ⁠בְנֽוֹ⁠הִי 1 For why should his wrath come upon the kingdom of me and my sons Artaxerxes speaks of himself here in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use the first person. Alternate translation: “my kingdom and that of my descendants who rule after me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 7 23 aia6 figs-123person מַלְכ֥וּת מַלְכָּ֖⁠א וּ⁠בְנֽוֹ⁠הִי 1 For why should his wrath come upon the kingdom of me and my sons Artaxerxes speaks of himself here in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “my kingdom and that of my descendants who rule after me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 7 23 wo5t figs-metaphor וּ⁠בְנֽוֹ⁠הִי 1 For why should his wrath come upon the kingdom of me and my sons This could possibly mean the biological sons of King Artaxerxes, but since he speaks of the kingdom as belonging to them, it is more likely that this is a figurative reference to his descendants, and specifically the line of direct descendants who would rule Persia as his successors (his son, his grandson, etc.). (If it would be helpful, also review the notes to [4:15](../04/15.md) and [6:10](../06/10.md) about how Persian kings considered their predecessors their “fathers” and their successors their **sons**.) Alternate translation: “and my descendants who rule after me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 7 24 k1d1 figs-activepassive וּ⁠לְ⁠כֹ֣ם מְהוֹדְעִ֗ין 1 We also make known to you that it is not lawful to impose tax, tribute, or custom If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form, and you can say who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “I am also declaring to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 7 24 k1d1 figs-activepassive וּ⁠לְ⁠כֹ֣ם מְהוֹדְעִ֗ין 1 We also make known to you that it is not lawful to impose tax, tribute, or custom If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form, and you could say who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “I am also declaring to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 7 24 kw6q grammar-connect-logic-result כָל־כָּהֲנַיָּ֣⁠א וְ֠⁠לֵוָיֵ⁠א זַמָּ֨רַיָּ֤⁠א תָרָֽעַיָּ⁠א֙ נְתִ֣ינַיָּ֔⁠א וּ⁠פָ֣לְחֵ֔י בֵּ֖ית אֱלָהָ֣⁠א דְנָ֑ה מִנְדָּ֤ה בְלוֹ֙ וַ⁠הֲלָ֔ךְ לָ֥א שַׁלִּ֖יט לְ⁠מִרְמֵ֥א עֲלֵי⁠הֹֽם 1 We also make known to you that it is not lawful to impose tax, tribute, or custom The last phrase, **the servants of that house of God**, describes what the people in the five groups listed all have in common. They all work in the temple of God. In this way, the phrase gives the reason why the treasurers may not impose taxes on anyone in any of these groups. Likely as a further way of supporting the temple, and perhaps also as a gesture of respect for God, Artaxerxes is providing an exemption from taxes for all temple personnel. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state this reason before the results that the rest of the sentence describes. Alternate translation: “because the priests, Levites, singers, gatekeepers, and temple servants all work in the temple of this God, you have no authority to set any tax, tribute, or custom upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EZR 7 24 wx23 מִנְדָּ֤ה בְלוֹ֙ וַ⁠הֲלָ֔ךְ 1 We also make known to you that it is not lawful to impose tax, tribute, or custom See how you translated this phrase in [4:13](../04/13.md).
EZR 7 24 mgkt translate-names וְ֠⁠לֵוָיֵ⁠א 1 We also make known to you that it is not lawful to impose tax, tribute, or custom See how you translated this term in [2:40](../02/40.md). Review the explanation in the note there if that would be helpful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ EZR 7 25 r244 figs-you וְ⁠אַ֣נְתְּ עֶזְרָ֗א 1 Connecting Sta
EZR 7 25 p1rc figs-abstractnouns כְּ⁠חָכְמַ֨ת אֱלָהָ֤⁠ךְ דִּֽי־בִ⁠ידָ⁠ךְ֙ 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates If your language does not use abstract nouns such as **wisdom**, you can express that idea in a different way. Alternate translation: “because the law of your God has made you wise” or “guided by the wise teachings of your God that you know so well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 7 25 qzk1 figs-metaphor דִּֽי־בִ⁠ידָ⁠ךְ֙ 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates Most likely, the phrase **that is in your hand** here means the same thing as in [7:14](../07/14.md), where the law of God is described as being in Ezra's hand. Review the note there if that would be helpful. As there, the phrase **in your hand** here could mean: (1) that Ezra knows it and uses it with great ability. Alternate translation: “that you know and use well” or (2) that Ezra personally owns a scroll of God's wisdom. Alternate translation: “that you have with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 7 25 y54v figs-doublet מֶ֣נִּי שָׁפְטִ֞ין וְ⁠דַיָּנִ֗ין דִּי־לֶהֱוֺ֤ן דאנין 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates The terms **magistrates** and **judges** mean very similar things. There are two possibilities here. (1) Artaxerxes could be using these two terms to refer to people in slightly different roles. The first term may refer to officials who decide disputes between people, and the second term may refer to officials who interpret the law and apply it to specific situations. Alternate translation: “appoint officials who can decide disputes between people and officials who can interpret and apply the law” or (2) Artaxerxes may be using the two words together to emphasize the authority that Ezra has to ensure that the Jews in Judah and Jerusalem follow God’s commandments. If you have only one term for these functions, you can just use that one term here. Alternate translation: “appoint judges so that they can judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZR 7 25 waab figs-explicit לְ⁠כָל־עַמָּ⁠ה֙ דִּ֚י בַּ⁠עֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֔⁠ה לְ⁠כָל־יָדְעֵ֖י דָּתֵ֣י אֱלָהָ֑⁠ךְ 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates The second phrase clarifies the meaning of the first phrase, showing that Artaxerxes is referring specifically to the Jews who live in this province. He is allowing the Jews there to have their own legal system, based on the law of Moses. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “all the Jews living in Beyond-the-River province, who know the laws of your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 7 25 waab figs-explicit לְ⁠כָל־עַמָּ⁠ה֙ דִּ֚י בַּ⁠עֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֔⁠ה לְ⁠כָל־יָדְעֵ֖י דָּתֵ֣י אֱלָהָ֑⁠ךְ 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates The second phrase clarifies the meaning of the first phrase, showing that Artaxerxes is referring specifically to the Jews who live in this province. He is allowing the Jews there to have their own legal system, based on the law of Moses. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “all the Jews living in Beyond-the-River province, who know the laws of your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 7 25 nncp figs-you וְ⁠דִ֧י לָ֦א יָדַ֖ע תְּהוֹדְעֽוּן 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates The word **you** here is plural. If your language distinguishes between forms of you, the form for a superior addressing a group of people would be appropriate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EZR 7 25 qxkm figs-explicit וְ⁠דִ֧י לָ֦א יָדַ֖ע תְּהוֹדְעֽוּן 1 according to the wisdom of God that is in your hand, appoint judges and magistrates The implication, in light of the plural **you**, is that Ezra and the judges he appoints are to teach the law of God to any Jews living in the province who are not familiar with it, so that they can follow it. Alternate translation: “And I want you and the judges to teach the law of God to those Jews in the province who do not know it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 7 26 mrq1 figs-explicit וְ⁠כָל־דִּי־לָא֩ לֶהֱוֵ֨א עָבֵ֜ד דָּתָ֣⁠א דִֽי־אֱלָהָ֗⁠ךְ וְ⁠דָתָ⁠א֙ דִּ֣י מַלְכָּ֔⁠א אָסְפַּ֕רְנָא דִּינָ֕⁠ה לֶהֱוֵ֥א מִתְעֲבֵ֖ד מִנֵּ֑⁠הּ 1 whether death, or banishment, or confiscation of goods, or imprisonment The implication is that the Jews in Judah and Jerusalem will still be governed by Persian law in addition to the law of Moses, but Artaxerxes is giving Ezra the authority to appoint judges who will administer and enforce both sets of laws. In this way, members of the Jewish community will have Jewish judges. Alternate translation: “The judges you appoint are diligently to punish anyone who refuses to obey the law of your God or my decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ EZR 8 28 afyr figs-idiom אַתֶּ֥ם קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה ו
EZR 8 28 w1c9 figs-metaphor אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֹתֵי⁠כֶֽם 1 Then I said to them Here, **fathers** figuratively means “ancestors.” Alternate translation: “the God of your ancestors” or “the God whom your ancestors worshiped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 8 29 im6g figs-ellipsis שִׁקְד֣וּ וְ⁠שִׁמְר֗וּ 1 until you weigh them out before the heads of the priests and the Levites, and the heads of the fathers’ houses Here Ezra leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. He is describing what the priests and Levites must do with the objects, the silver, and the gold that were devoted to Yahweh. You could indicate that explicitly if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Take good care of those things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZR 8 29 z0lx figs-hendiadys שִׁקְד֣וּ וְ⁠שִׁמְר֗וּ 1 until you weigh them out before the heads of the priests and the Levites, and the heads of the fathers’ houses These two words work together to give one idea. Ezra uses them together to emphasize how carefully the priests and Levites need to guard the silver and gold and objects. Alternate translation: “Guard diligently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EZR 8 29 mtxm figs-explicit עַֽד־תִּשְׁקְל֡וּ 1 until you weigh them out before the heads of the priests and the Levites, and the heads of the fathers’ houses The implication is that when the priests and Levites arrived in Jerusalem, they would weigh out the silver, gold, and bronze to show the authorities there that they had not lost or taken any of it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “until you can weigh them out to prove that all of it is there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 8 29 mtxm figs-explicit עַֽד־תִּשְׁקְל֡וּ 1 until you weigh them out before the heads of the priests and the Levites, and the heads of the fathers’ houses The implication is that when the priests and Levites arrived in Jerusalem, they would weigh out the silver, gold, and bronze to show the authorities there that they had not lost or taken any of it. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “until you could weigh them out to prove that all of it is there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 8 29 y29e figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵי֩ 1 until you weigh them out before the heads of the priests and the Levites, and the heads of the fathers’ houses Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. Alternate translation: “in the presence of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 8 29 n925 figs-ellipsis וְ⁠שָׂרֵֽי־הָ⁠אָב֥וֹת לְ⁠יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 until you weigh them out before the heads of the priests and the Levites, and the heads of the fathers’ houses The phrase **the leaders of the fathers** seems to be another version of the expression “the heads of the fathers,” which is an abbreviated way of saying “the heads of father’s houses.” Review the note to [1:5](../01/05.md) if that would be helpful. Alternate translation: “and the clan leaders of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EZR 8 29 umrf figs-explicit הַ⁠לִּשְׁכ֖וֹת בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה 1 until you weigh them out before the heads of the priests and the Levites, and the heads of the fathers’ houses The book assumes that readers will know that these **chambers** or rooms are specifically the storerooms in the temple, where money and objects for the temple worship were safely kept. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the storerooms of the temple of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ EZR 9 6 y5xu figs-quotemarks וָ⁠אֹמְרָ֗⁠ה 1 our iniquities have ri
EZR 9 6 n5z1 figs-possession אֱלֹהַ⁠י֙…אֱלֹהַ֛⁠י 1 our iniquities have risen higher than our head, and our guilt has grown up to the heavens Here, **My God** means that Ezra belongs to God, not that God belongs to Ezra. If that is not clear in your language, then use a different phrase. Alternate translation: “O God, to whom I belong” or “God, whom I worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
EZR 9 6 yz8d figs-doublet בֹּ֣שְׁתִּי וְ⁠נִכְלַ֔מְתִּי 1 I am ashamed and humiliated **Ashamed** and **humiliated** mean very similar things. Ezra uses them together to emphasize how disgraced he feels by what the Israelites have done. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these terms into a single expression. Alternate translation: “I am deeply disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZR 9 6 xiue figs-metaphor לְ⁠הָרִ֧ים…פָּנַ֖⁠י אֵלֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 our iniquities have risen higher than our head, and our guilt has grown up to the heavens This means “to look at you directly” or “to look at you face to face,” and since Ezra could not do that literally with God, it is a figurative way of saying “*to address you.” Alternate translation: “even to speak to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 9 6 aca6 figs-parallelism כִּ֣י עֲוֺנֹתֵ֤י⁠נוּ רָבוּ֙ לְ⁠מַ֣עְלָ⁠ה רֹּ֔אשׁ וְ⁠אַשְׁמָתֵ֥⁠נוּ גָדְלָ֖ה עַ֥ד לַ⁠שָּׁמָֽיִם 1 our iniquities have risen higher than our head, and our guilt has grown up to the heavens These two phrases mean similar things. Ezra uses the repetition to emphasize how guilty the people of Israel are. If repeating the same thing twice would be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one and show the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “We have committed such great sins that our guilt because of them is completely overwhelming us” However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The first phrase speaks of the effects of these sins on the Israelites, while the second phrase speaks of their effects on their standing with God. Alternate translation: “We have committed such great sins that they are overwhelming us, and we know that they are making us guilty before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 9 6 aca6 figs-parallelism כִּ֣י עֲוֺנֹתֵ֤י⁠נוּ רָבוּ֙ לְ⁠מַ֣עְלָ⁠ה רֹּ֔אשׁ וְ⁠אַשְׁמָתֵ֥⁠נוּ גָדְלָ֖ה עַ֥ד לַ⁠שָּׁמָֽיִם 1 our iniquities have risen higher than our head, and our guilt has grown up to the heavens These two phrases mean similar things. Ezra uses the repetition to emphasize how guilty the people of Israel are. If repeating the same thing twice would be confusing for your readers, you could combine the phrases into one and show the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “We have committed such great sins that our guilt because of them is completely overwhelming us” However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The first phrase speaks of the effects of these sins on the Israelites, while the second phrase speaks of their effects on their standing with God. Alternate translation: “We have committed such great sins that they are overwhelming us, and we know that they are making us guilty before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 9 6 axnk grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י עֲוֺנֹתֵ֤י⁠נוּ רָבוּ֙ לְ⁠מַ֣עְלָ⁠ה רֹּ֔אשׁ וְ⁠אַשְׁמָתֵ֥⁠נוּ גָדְלָ֖ה עַ֥ד לַ⁠שָּׁמָֽיִם 1 our iniquities have risen higher than our head, and our guilt has grown up to the heavens If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this sentence first in the prayer (after **My God**), since it gives the reason for the result of Ezra feeling ashamed. You could show the connection by using a word like “so” after this phrase. Alternate translation: “we have committed such great sins that we are completely guilty, and we know that we are very guilty before you. And so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EZR 9 6 krv9 figs-metaphor עֲוֺנֹתֵ֤י⁠נוּ רָבוּ֙ לְ⁠מַ֣עְלָ⁠ה רֹּ֔אשׁ 1 our iniquities have risen higher than our head, and our guilt has grown up to the heavens Here, **multiplied** means to become much greater in number. Ezra uses that expression figuratively to describe how serious the sins of the Israelites are. Alternate translation: “we have committed so many sins that it is like they have piled up higher than our heads” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 9 6 eimq figs-abstractnouns עֲוֺנֹתֵ֤י⁠נוּ רָבוּ֙ 1 our iniquities have risen higher than our head, and our guilt has grown up to the heavens If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **iniquities** with a phrase such as “sins that we have committed.” Alternate translation: “the great sins that we have committed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ EZR 9 12 sea2 figs-idiom בְּֽנוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֞ם אַל־תִּתְּנ
EZR 9 12 pe30 figs-idiom וּ⁠בְנֹֽתֵי⁠הֶם֙ אַל־תִּשְׂא֣וּ לִ⁠בְנֵי⁠כֶ֔ם 1 to give us a wall As in [9:2](../09/02.md), to **lift their daughters for your sons** is an idiom that means “to get wives for your sons from among their daughters.” Alternate translation: “and do not get wives for your sons from their daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 9 12 o8bm figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹֽא־תִדְרְשׁ֧וּ שְׁלֹמָ֛⁠ם וְ⁠טוֹבָתָ֖⁠ם עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם 1 to give us a wall **Until eternity** is a Hebrew expression that means **for as long as anyone can anticipate into the future**. Alternate translation: “and never do anything that contributes to their welfare or prosperity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 9 12 qq14 figs-doublet וְ⁠לֹֽא־תִדְרְשׁ֧וּ שְׁלֹמָ֛⁠ם וְ⁠טוֹבָתָ֖⁠ם 1 to give us a wall The terms **peace** and **good** mean similar things. The prophets use them together to emphasize the importance of this commandment. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these terms into a single expression, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EZR 9 12 sfei figs-parallelism לְמַ֣עַן תֶּחֶזְק֗וּ וַ⁠אֲכַלְתֶּם֙ אֶת־ט֣וּב הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ 1 to give us a wall These two phrases mean similar things. The prophets say essentially the same thing twice, to emphasize the blessings that the Israelites would enjoy if they obeyed these commandments. If repeating both phrases might be confusing for your readers, you can combine them. Alternate translation: “so that you will become a prosperous nation in that place” However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The second phrase says more specifically how the nation would become strong, as the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “so that you will become a strong nation by growing and enjoying abundant harvests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 9 12 sfei figs-parallelism לְמַ֣עַן תֶּחֶזְק֗וּ וַ⁠אֲכַלְתֶּם֙ אֶת־ט֣וּב הָ⁠אָ֔רֶץ 1 to give us a wall These two phrases mean similar things. The prophets say essentially the same thing twice, to emphasize the blessings that the Israelites would enjoy if they obeyed these commandments. If repeating both phrases might be confusing for your readers, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “so that you will become a prosperous nation in that place” However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The second phrase says more specifically how the nation would become strong, as the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “so that you will become a strong nation by growing and enjoying abundant harvests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EZR 9 12 qz7f figs-yousingular לְמַ֣עַן תֶּחֶזְק֗וּ 1 to give us a wall The forms of **you** and **your** in this verse are plural, referring to all the Jewish people. Therefore **you may be strong** does not refer to a person's physical strength or health, but rather to the strength of the Jewish nation. Alternate translation: “so that your nation will be strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
EZR 9 12 r9c0 figs-idiom וְ⁠הוֹרַשְׁתֶּ֥ם לִ⁠בְנֵי⁠כֶ֖ם עַד־עוֹלָֽם 1 to give us a wall As earlier in the sentence, **until eternity** means “for as long as anyone can anticipate into the future.” Alternate translation: “so that your descendants will always be able to live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 9 12 s1e8 figs-metaphor לִ⁠בְנֵי⁠כֶ֖ם 1 to give us a wall Here, **sons** figuratively means “descendants.” Alternate translation: “your descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ EZR 10 2 yh2o figs-exclusive וְ⁠עַתָּ֛ה יֵשׁ־מִקְוֶ֥ה ל
EZR 10 3 ysow figs-idiom נִֽכְרָת־בְּרִ֣ית 1 We have been unfaithful to our God This is a Hebrew idiom that means “to make or enter into a covenant,” which is a solemn agreement between two parties. Alternate translation: “let us make a solemn agreement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 10 3 w4zm figs-idiom לְ⁠הוֹצִ֨יא כָל־נָשִׁ֜ים וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹלָ֤ד מֵ⁠הֶם֙ 1 We have been unfaithful to our God **To cause to go out** is a Hebrew idiom that means “to divorce and send away.” Alternate translation: “to divorce and send away all of these foreign wives and their children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 10 3 zmyn figs-activepassive וְ⁠הַ⁠נּוֹלָ֤ד מֵ⁠הֶם֙ 1 We have been unfaithful to our God If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use a noun to represent this phrase that uses a passive verb form. Alternate translation: “and their children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 10 3 iljp figs-123person בַּ⁠עֲצַ֣ת אֲדֹנָ֔⁠י 1 We have been unfaithful to our God Shekaniah addresses Ezra in the third person as a sign of respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can translate this with the second person. Alternate translation: “doing it in the way that you, my lord, advise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 10 3 iljp figs-123person בַּ⁠עֲצַ֣ת אֲדֹנָ֔⁠י 1 We have been unfaithful to our God Shekaniah addresses Ezra in the third person as a sign of respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this with the second person. Alternate translation: “doing it in the way that you, my lord, advise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EZR 10 3 zzvz figs-metaphor וְ⁠הַ⁠חֲרֵדִ֖ים בְּ⁠מִצְוַ֣ת אֱלֹהֵ֑י⁠נוּ 1 We have been unfaithful to our God As in [9:4](../09/04.md), **tremble** here is a metaphor meaning to regard someone or something with respect and reverential fear. Alternate translation: “and in the way that seems right to everyone who respects the commandment of our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 10 3 hla5 figs-activepassive וְ⁠כַ⁠תּוֹרָ֖ה יֵעָשֶֽׂה 1 We have been unfaithful to our God If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “And let us make sure that we are following what the law commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 10 3 p5it figs-infostructure וְ⁠כַ⁠תּוֹרָ֖ה יֵעָשֶֽׂה 1 We have been unfaithful to our God If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this more general statement before the specific one about cutting a covenant, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ EZR 10 11 ofga figs-quotemarks הַ⁠נָּשִׁ֖ים הַ⁠נָּכְרִי
EZR 10 12 tatu figs-hendiadys וַ⁠יַּֽעְנ֧וּ…וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֖וּ 1 separate yourselves See how you translated this expression in [10:2](../10/02.md). Alternate translation: “Then … responded” (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EZR 10 12 hvpb figs-quotemarks ק֣וֹל גָּד֑וֹל 1 separate yourselves After this phrase the book begins to quote what the assembly replied to Ezra. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
EZR 10 12 jgje figs-idiom כֵּ֛ן כִּדְבָרְךָ֥ עָלֵ֖י⁠נוּ לַ⁠עֲשֽׂוֹת 1 separate yourselves Like the similar expression “the matter is on you” in [10:4](../10/04.md), this is a Hebrew idiom. Alternate translation: “We agree that it is our responsibility to do what you have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 10 13 gggt figs-explicit אֲבָ֞ל 1 this is not the work of one or two days The people were all shouting their agreement with Ezra in verse 12, but now in verses 13 and 14 it seems that one person speaks on behalf of the group, rather than all of them shouting this together. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can indicate this change of speaker, as in the UST. If you do this, you may need to add a mark that indicates a closing quotation at the end of verse 12 and another mark that indicates an opening quotation before this word. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 10 13 gggt figs-explicit אֲבָ֞ל 1 this is not the work of one or two days The people were all shouting their agreement with Ezra in verse 12, but now in verses 13 and 14 it seems that one person speaks on behalf of the group, rather than all of them shouting this together. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could indicate this change of speaker, as in the UST. If you do this, you may need to add a mark that indicates a closing quotation at the end of verse 12 and another mark that indicates an opening quotation before this word. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 10 13 ebds grammar-connect-logic-contrast אֲבָ֞ל 1 this is not the work of one or two days Here, **However** indicates a contrast between the previous verse and this verse. In the previous verse, the people agree that they need to fix this problem, but here they object that they cannot do it immediately. Use whatever form is most natural in your language to show this contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EZR 10 13 sjoy figs-explicit הָ⁠עָ֥ם רָב֙ 1 this is not the work of one or two days The implication is that there are too many people potentially involved with the problem to deal with all at once. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “there are too many people to deal with all at once” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 10 13 ns3z figs-idiom וְ⁠הָ⁠עֵ֣ת גְּשָׁמִ֔ים וְ⁠אֵ֥ין כֹּ֖חַ לַ⁠עֲמ֣וֹד בַּ⁠ח֑וּץ 1 this is not the work of one or two days To say that there is **no strength** for something is an idiom in Hebrew meaning that it is too difficult. Alternate translation: “it is too much of a hardship to make everyone stand outside during the rainy season” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ EZR 10 24 mpru הַ⁠מְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים 1 Eliashib The term **singers**
EZR 10 24 cg6w translate-names אֶלְיָשִׁ֑יב 1 Eliashib **Eliashib** is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 24 zd2i הַ⁠שֹּׁ֣עֲרִ֔ים 1 Eliashib The term **gatekeepers** refers to the same occupational group as in [2:42](../02/42.md). Review the explanation in the note there if that would be helpful.
EZR 10 24 dsd1 translate-names שַׁלֻּ֥ם וָ⁠טֶ֖לֶם וְ⁠אוּרִֽי 1 Shallum These are the names of three men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 25 edlz figs-explicit וּ⁠מִֽ⁠יִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 Parosh All of the men in the lists in this chapter were Israelites. So the phrase **from Israel** refers to the other Israelite men who did not belong to the clans or groups mentioned in the previous lists. If it would be helpful for your readers, you can make this clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “These were from the rest of the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 10 25 edlz figs-explicit וּ⁠מִֽ⁠יִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 Parosh All of the men in the lists in this chapter were Israelites. So the phrase **from Israel** refers to the other Israelite men who did not belong to the clans or groups mentioned in the previous lists. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could make this clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “These were from the rest of the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 10 25 frh1 figs-metaphor מִ⁠בְּנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֡שׁ 1 Parosh Here, **sons** figuratively means “descendants.” Alternate translation: “From the descendants of Parosh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 10 25 y951 translate-names רַ֠מְיָה וְ⁠יִזִּיָּ֤ה וּ⁠מַלְכִּיָּה֙ וּ⁠מִיָּמִ֣ן וְ⁠אֶלְעָזָ֔ר וּ⁠מַלְכִּיָּ֖ה וּ⁠בְנָיָֽה 1 Eleazar These are the names of seven men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 26 n4c3 figs-metaphor וּ⁠מִ⁠בְּנֵ֖י עֵילָ֑ם 1 General Information: Here, **sons** figuratively means “descendants.” Alternate translation: “From the descendants of Elam” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ NEH 1 3 igf2 figs-parallelism הַֽ⁠נִּשְׁאָרִ֞ים אֲשֶֽׁר
NEH 1 3 y1zg figs-metonymy בַּ⁠מְּדִינָ֔ה 1 in the province Here **province** refers to Judah as an administrative district within the Persian Empire. Hanani is describing Judah by referring to something associated with it, its status as a province. Alternate translation: “in the province of Judah” or “in Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NEH 1 3 ab15 figs-doublet בְּ⁠רָעָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּ⁠בְ⁠חֶרְפָּ֑ה 1 in great evil and in reproach **Difficulty** and **reproach** mean similar things. Hanani uses them together to emphasize what a desperate situation the people are in. You do not need to repeat both words in your translation if that would be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “in a perilous situation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
NEH 1 3 ab17 figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠רָעָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּ⁠בְ⁠חֶרְפָּ֑ה 1 in great evil The abstract noun **difficulty** refers to a situation that is very hard for the people to live in. It describes a situation that is dangerous and insecure for the people in it. You can translate this idea with an adjective such as “bad.” Alternate translation: “in a very bad situation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 1 3 ab19 figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠בְ⁠חֶרְפָּ֑ה 1 and in reproach **Reproach** is an abstract noun that describes how other people would see the situation of the Jews. The situation would lead them to say bad things about them. You can translate this idea with a verb such as “mock.” Alternate translation: “and people are mocking them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 1 3 ab19 figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠בְ⁠חֶרְפָּ֑ה 1 and in reproach **Reproach** is an abstract noun that describes how other people would see the situation of the Jews. The situation would lead them to say bad things about them. you could translate this idea with a verb such as “mock.” Alternate translation: “and people are mocking them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 1 3 pk3f figs-activepassive וְ⁠חוֹמַ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ מְפֹרָ֔צֶת וּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֖י⁠הָ נִצְּת֥וּ בָ⁠אֵֽשׁ 1 the wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and its gates have been burned with fire You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “armies have broken open the wall of Jerusalem and have set its gates on fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 1 3 ab21 figs-explicit וְ⁠חוֹמַ֤ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ מְפֹרָ֔צֶת וּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֖י⁠הָ נִצְּת֥וּ בָ⁠אֵֽשׁ 1 the wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and its gates have been burned with fire The implication is that the people are now defenseless. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The people living there have no protection.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 1 3 ab23 נִצְּת֥וּ בָ⁠אֵֽשׁ 1 burned with fire If saying that something is burned **with fire** is redundant in your language, you can just say, **completely burned**. Alternate translation: “burned down”
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ NEH 1 6 ab59 figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 the so
NEH 1 6 ab61 figs-metaphor עֲבָדֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 your servants In this context, the word **servants** refers to the special role that the people of Israel had in the world as a model community of God’s followers. Alternate translation: “your chosen people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 1 6 ab63 figs-gendernotations וּ⁠מִתְוַדֶּ֗ה עַל־חַטֹּ֤אות בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֣אנוּ לָ֔⁠ךְ 1 confessing on account of the sins of the sons of Israel that we have sinned against you Here again **sons** means **descendants** and the phrase refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I must confess the sins that we, the people of Israel, have committed against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
NEH 1 6 bxj6 figs-metonymy וַ⁠אֲנִ֥י וּ⁠בֵית־אָבִ֖⁠י חָטָֽאנוּ 1 Even I and the house of my father, we have sinned Among the Israelites, the expression **father’s house** or **house of the father** originally described an extended-family group who lived together. It later came to be used more generally to refer to a larger clan within a tribe. In this expression, the word **house** figuratively describes all the people descended from a particular person. The term views all of those descendants as if they were one household living together. However, since Nehemiah is stressing his sense of personal responsibility here and identifying closely with the people in this group, he may be using the term in its original sense to refer to his nearest relatives. Alternate translation: “Both I and my family have also sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NEH 1 7 ab65 figs-parallelism חֲבֹ֖ל חָבַ֣לְנוּ לָ֑⁠ךְ 1 With extreme corruption we have acted corruptly against you The repetition here is used for emphasis. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that would be confusing for your readers. You can combine them into one phrase, with a word like **very** to convey emphasis. Alternate translation: “We have acted very corruptly toward you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NEH 1 7 ab65 figs-parallelism חֲבֹ֖ל חָבַ֣לְנוּ לָ֑⁠ךְ 1 With extreme corruption we have acted corruptly against you The repetition here is used for emphasis. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that would be confusing for your readers. you could combine them into one phrase, with a word like **very** to convey emphasis. Alternate translation: “We have acted very corruptly toward you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NEH 1 7 ryci figs-abstractnouns חֲבֹ֖ל חָבַ֣לְנוּ לָ֑⁠ךְ 1 With extreme corruption we have acted corruptly against you You can translate the idea of the abstract noun **corruption** with a verb such as **sinned.** Alternate translation: “We have sinned very much against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 1 7 ab67 figs-doublet אֶת־הַ⁠מִּצְוֺ֗ת וְ⁠אֶת־הַֽ⁠חֻקִּים֙ וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠מִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים 1 the commandments, and the statutes, and the judgments These three words mean basically the same thing. Nehemiah uses the repetition to emphasize how comprehensively the Israelites have disobeyed what God commanded them through Moses. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine them into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the law of Moses” otherwise “the commands and rules and laws” (Note: A doublet can involve the use of more than two words.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
NEH 1 7 brz7 figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתָ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֥ה עַבְדֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 that you commanded Moses, your servant Moses was the great leader who brought the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt centuries before and gave them God’s law. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that you gave us many years ago through your servant Moses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ NEH 2 3 a47b figs-idiom מַדּ֜וּעַ לֹא־יֵרְע֣וּ פָנַ֗
NEH 2 3 a49b figs-explicit הָ⁠עִ֜יר…חֲרֵבָ֔ה 1 the city … is desolate **The city** means Jerusalem. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the city of Jerusalem … lies in ruins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 2 3 ehz3 figs-metaphor בֵּית־קִבְר֤וֹת אֲבֹתַ⁠י֙ 1 the house of the graves of my fathers Here, **house** is a figurative way of referring to a place. Alternate translation: “the place where my ancestors are buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 2 3 a51b figs-metonymy בֵּית־קִבְר֤וֹת אֲבֹתַ⁠י֙ 1 the house of the graves of my fathers Here, **fathers** figuratively means **ancestors.** Alternate translation: “the place where my ancestors are buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NEH 2 3 g7f4 figs-activepassive וּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֖י⁠הָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָ⁠אֵֽשׁ 1 its gates have been consumed by fire If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed its gates” or “our enemies have burned its gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 2 3 g7f4 figs-activepassive וּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֖י⁠הָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָ⁠אֵֽשׁ 1 its gates have been consumed by fire If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “fire has destroyed its gates” or “our enemies have burned its gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 2 4 a53b עַל־מַה־זֶּ֖ה אַתָּ֣ה מְבַקֵּ֑שׁ 1 For what is this you are seeking? Alternate translation: “What do you want me to do for you”
NEH 2 4 a55b figs-explicit וָֽ⁠אֶתְפַּלֵּ֔ל 1 And I prayed The implication is that Nehemiah prayed to God before he answered the king. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Before I answered him, I prayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 2 4 a57b אֱלֹהֵ֖י הַ⁠שָּׁמָֽיִם 1 the God of heaven Alternate translation: “the God who is in heaven”
@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ NEH 2 8 ac11 figs-metonymy הַ⁠בִּירָ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־לַ⁠בַּ֨
NEH 2 8 ac13 וְ⁠לַ⁠בַּ֖יִת אֲשֶׁר־אָב֣וֹא אֵלָ֑י⁠ו 1 and for the house into which I will enter Alternate translation: “and for the house that I will live in”
NEH 2 8 ac15 וַ⁠יִּתֶּן־לִ֣⁠י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 And the king gave to me Alternate translation: “The king agreed to all of my requests”
NEH 2 8 w91s figs-metaphor כְּ⁠יַד־אֱלֹהַ֖⁠י הַ⁠טּוֹבָ֥ה עָלָֽ⁠י 1 according to the good hand of my God upon me Here, **hand** figuratively represents strength, power, control, or action. In this context, the expression means that God acted toward Nehemiah in a positive and favorable manner. Alternate translation: “because God’s favor was upon me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 2 8 ac17 grammar-connect-logic-result כְּ⁠יַד־אֱלֹהַ֖⁠י הַ⁠טּוֹבָ֥ה עָלָֽ⁠י 1 according to the good hand of my God upon me If your readers would misunderstand this, you can give this explanation (the reason) before the result that it accounts for, using a connecting word like “so.” Alternate translation: “God’s favor was upon me, and so the king agreed to all of my requests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 2 8 ac17 grammar-connect-logic-result כְּ⁠יַד־אֱלֹהַ֖⁠י הַ⁠טּוֹבָ֥ה עָלָֽ⁠י 1 according to the good hand of my God upon me If your readers would misunderstand this, you could give this explanation (the reason) before the result that it accounts for, using a connecting word like “so.” Alternate translation: “God’s favor was upon me, and so the king agreed to all of my requests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 2 9 ac19 וָֽ⁠אָב֗וֹא אֶֽל־פַּֽחֲווֹת֙ עֵ֣בֶר הַ⁠נָּהָ֔ר 1 And I came to the governors of Beyond-the-River Alternate translation: “When I reached the province Beyond the River, I went to see its governors”
NEH 2 9 ac21 translate-names עֵ֣בֶר הַ⁠נָּהָ֔ר 1 Beyond-the-River This is the name of a Persian province. See how you translated it in [2:7](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 2 9 ac23 וָ⁠אֶתְּנָ֣⁠ה לָ⁠הֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת אִגְּר֣וֹת הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 I gave to them the letters of the king Alternate translation: “I showed them the letters the king had given me.”
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ NEH 2 11 ac45 וָ⁠אֱהִי־שָׁ֖ם יָמִ֥ים שְׁלֹשָֽׁה
NEH 2 12 ac47 figs-explicit וָ⁠אָק֣וּם ׀ לַ֗יְלָה 1 Then I arose in the night The implication is that Nehemiah went out to inspect the city walls, as described in 1:13–15(../01/13.md). The implication is also that he did this at night so that no one would know he was doing it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I got up secretly in the night to inspect the city walls.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 2 12 ac49 figs-gendernotations אֲנִי֮ וַ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֣ים ׀ מְעַט֮ עִמִּ⁠י֒ 1 myself and a few men with me The word **men** here could conceivably include both men and women. However, for a nighttime mission through the ruins of the city walls, it’s likely that Nehemiah brought along only other men. So in this context you could use a word that indicates that. Alternate translation: “I brought only a few other men with me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
NEH 2 12 ac51 figs-hyperbole וְ⁠לֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתִּי לְ⁠אָדָ֔ם מָ֗ה אֱלֹהַ⁠י֙ נֹתֵ֣ן אֶל־לִבִּ֔⁠י לַ⁠עֲשׂ֖וֹת לִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 and I did not tell anyone what my God had been giving to my heart to do for Jerusalem Probably Nehemiah told at least some people, since he brought a few men with him when he went out to inspect the walls. So “not … anyone” might be an exaggeration that emphasizes the secrecy Nehemiah maintained. Alternate translation: “I did not say publicly what God had led me to do for Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
NEH 2 12 ac53 grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠לֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתִּי לְ⁠אָדָ֔ם מָ֗ה אֱלֹהַ⁠י֙ נֹתֵ֣ן אֶל־לִבִּ֔⁠י לַ⁠עֲשׂ֖וֹת לִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 and I did not tell anyone If your readers would misunderstand this, you can give this explanation before describing Nehemiah’s nighttime mission, because it is the reason that explains the result of him maintaining so much secrecy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 2 12 ac53 grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠לֹא־הִגַּ֣דְתִּי לְ⁠אָדָ֔ם מָ֗ה אֱלֹהַ⁠י֙ נֹתֵ֣ן אֶל־לִבִּ֔⁠י לַ⁠עֲשׂ֖וֹת לִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 and I did not tell anyone If your readers would misunderstand this, you could give this explanation before describing Nehemiah’s nighttime mission, because it is the reason that explains the result of him maintaining so much secrecy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 2 12 s72w figs-metaphor מָ֗ה אֱלֹהַ⁠י֙ נֹתֵ֣ן אֶל־לִבִּ֔⁠י לַ⁠עֲשׂ֖וֹת 1 had put into my heart Here, Nehemiah’s **heart** figuratively represents his thoughts and will. Alternate translation: “what God had inspired me to do” or “what God had led me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 2 12 wd63 figs-explicit וּ⁠בְהֵמָה֙ אֵ֣ין עִמִּ֔⁠י 1 Now there was no animal with me The implication is that this was another measure to maintain secrecy. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “To keep things quiet, there were no other animals with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 2 13 au61 figs-synecdoche וָ⁠אֵצְאָ֨⁠ה 1 I went out Even though he brought a few men with him, Nehemiah says “I” because he was the primary person conducting this inspection. In this narrative, he represents the entire group. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say “we” in your translation to express this meaning. If your language makes this distinction, “we” would not include the addressee. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ NEH 3 17 a88s translate-names חֲשַׁבְיָ֛ה 1 Hashabiah Hashabiah is th
NEH 3 17 yh3z עַל־יָד֣⁠וֹ הֶחֱזִ֗יק חֲשַׁבְיָ֛ה…לְ⁠פִלְכּֽ⁠וֹ 1 at his hand, Hashabiah … strengthened for his district This does not mean that Hashabiah repaired this part of the wall for the benefit of his district, but rather that he did it leading a work party from his district. Alternate translation: “led a work party from his district that repaired the next section of the wall”
NEH 3 17 y3tu translate-names חֲצִי־פֶ֥לֶךְ קְעִילָ֖ה 1 half the district of Keilah This is the name of one of the districts into which the city and the surrounding area were divided. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 3 18 h5qz figs-metaphor הֶחֱזִ֣יקוּ אֲחֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 their brothers repaired As in [3:1](../03/01.md), **brother** could mean the biological brothers of the Levites mentioned in [3:17](../03/17.md). However, more likely it figuratively means other Levites. Alternate translation: “some other Levites repaired more of the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 3 18 b6sj figs-ellipsis בַּוַּ֖י בֶּן־חֵנָדָ֑ד שַׂ֕ר חֲצִ֖י פֶּ֥לֶךְ קְעִילָֽה 1 Binnui, the son of Henadad, the administrator for half the district of Keilah Here Nehemiah does not say “at their hand” (next to them) or “strengthened” (repaired another section of the wall). Once again he is leaving out some of what a complete sentence would be expected to contain. You can fill in this information. Alternate translation: “Next to them, Binnui the son of Henadad, who ruled the other half of the district of Keilah, repaired more of the wall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NEH 3 18 b6sj figs-ellipsis בַּוַּ֖י בֶּן־חֵנָדָ֑ד שַׂ֕ר חֲצִ֖י פֶּ֥לֶךְ קְעִילָֽה 1 Binnui, the son of Henadad, the administrator for half the district of Keilah Here Nehemiah does not say “at their hand” (next to them) or “strengthened” (repaired another section of the wall). Once again he is leaving out some of what a complete sentence would be expected to contain. you could fill in this information. Alternate translation: “Next to them, Binnui the son of Henadad, who ruled the other half of the district of Keilah, repaired more of the wall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NEH 3 18 gc2h translate-names בַּוַּ֖י בֶּן־חֵנָדָ֑ד 1 Binnui, the son of Henadad Binnui is the name of a man, and Henadad is the name of his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 3 18 ca6t translate-names שַׂ֕ר חֲצִ֖י פֶּ֥לֶךְ קְעִילָֽה 1 the administrator for half the district of Keilah This is the name of one of the districts into which the city and the surrounding area were divided. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 3 19 f6if translate-names עֵ֧זֶר בֶּן־יֵשׁ֛וּעַ 1 Ezer, the son of Jeshua Ezer is the name of a man, and Jeshua is the name of his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ NEH 4 2 d5n2 figs-rquestion מָ֛ה הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֥ים הָ⁠אֲמ
NEH 4 2 r9lb הֲ⁠יִזְבָּ֨חוּ֙ 1 Will they sacrifice? The meaning of this phrase is not entirely clear. It could be that Sanballat is speaking of the Jews offering sacrifices to try to entice God to make their project successful. Alternate translation: “They will not get their God to help them”
NEH 4 2 uk3w figs-idiom הַ⁠יְכַלּ֣וּ בַ⁠יּ֔וֹם 1 Will they finish in a day? In this context, the expression “day” means “a short time.” Alternate translation: “any time soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 4 2 hr7v figs-personification הַ⁠יְחַיּ֧וּ אֶת־הָ⁠אֲבָנִ֛ים מֵ⁠עֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶ⁠עָפָ֖ר וְ⁠הֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת 1 Will they bring to life the stones from the piles of rubble after they were burned? Here Sanballat is speaking of stones as if they could come to life and stand up straight to form the wall. Alternate translation: “They will not be able to rebuild the city walls from useless stones that were burned and turned into rubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
NEH 4 2 b96n figs-activepassive מֵ⁠עֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶ⁠עָפָ֖ר וְ⁠הֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת 1 from the piles of rubble after they were burned If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “useless stones that someone has burned and turned into rubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 4 2 b96n figs-activepassive מֵ⁠עֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶ⁠עָפָ֖ר וְ⁠הֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת 1 from the piles of rubble after they were burned If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “useless stones that someone has burned and turned into rubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 4 3 alw5 translate-names וְ⁠טוֹבִיָּ֥ה הָ⁠עַמֹּנִ֖י 1 And Tobiah the Ammonite This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 4 3 b24b גַּ֚ם 1 Yes This word indicates that Tobiah agrees with Sanballat and that he is going to say something to support him. Alternate translation: “That’s right!”
NEH 4 3 da2t figs-hyperbole אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣ם בּוֹנִ֔ים אִם־יַעֲלֶ֣ה שׁוּעָ֔ל וּ⁠פָרַ֖ץ חוֹמַ֥ת אַבְנֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 If only a fox went up on what they are building, then he would break down their wall of stones Tobiah probably does not believe that the wall would really fall down if a fox walked along the top of it. He is exaggerating to mock the work the Jews are doing. You could use a non-figurative expression in your translation instead, such as, “It wouldn’t take much to make that wall fall over.” However, Tobiah’s expression is so colorful that you may want to retain it, but be sure that your readers understand he is exaggerating. Alternate translation: “Tobiah made fun of the Jews by saying, ‘That wall they are building is so weak that if a fox climbed up on it, the stones would fall to the ground’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ NEH 4 7 a93c עָלְתָ֤ה 1 was going up Alternate translation: “was incr
NEH 4 7 a95c figs-activepassive כִּי־הֵחֵ֥לּוּ הַ⁠פְּרֻצִ֖ים לְ⁠הִסָּתֵ֑ם 1 and the breaks were beginning to be closed You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “we were continuing to … fill in the gaps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 4 7 gsb7 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּ֥חַר לָ⁠הֶ֖ם מְאֹֽד 1 that … it burned them exceedingly Here Nehemiah says that the anger of these enemies was a fire that burned inside of them. Alternate translation: “they became very angry” or “they became enraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 4 8 b6im figs-metonymy לְ⁠הִלָּחֵ֣ם בִּ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם 1 to fight against Jerusalem Here, **Jerusalem** refers to the people who live there. These enemies were not coming to fight against the walls and buildings. Nehemiah is describing the people of Jerusalem figuratively by reference to something associated with them, the city where they live. Alternate translation: “to fight against the people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NEH 4 8 a97c figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠לַ⁠עֲשׂ֥וֹת ל֖⁠וֹ תּוֹעָֽה 1 and to make confusion for it The abstract noun **confusion** refers to the way these enemies hoped that their attack would make the people of Jerusalem not know what to do. The people might disagree among themselves about whether they should keep working on the wall or whether they should discontinue the work to appease the attackers. They might also disagree about how to defend themselves. You can translate the idea behind the term “confusion” with adjectives such as “confused” and “divided.” Alternate translation: “They wanted to make the people inside the city confused and divided.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 4 8 a97c figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠לַ⁠עֲשׂ֥וֹת ל֖⁠וֹ תּוֹעָֽה 1 and to make confusion for it The abstract noun **confusion** refers to the way these enemies hoped that their attack would make the people of Jerusalem not know what to do. The people might disagree among themselves about whether they should keep working on the wall or whether they should discontinue the work to appease the attackers. They might also disagree about how to defend themselves. you could translate the idea behind the term “confusion” with adjectives such as “confused” and “divided.” Alternate translation: “They wanted to make the people inside the city confused and divided.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 4 9 vz1d וַ⁠נַּעֲמִ֨יד מִשְׁמָ֧ר עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֛ם 1 and we set up a guard on account of them Alternate translation: “and we put men around the wall to guard the city”
NEH 4 9 a99c figs-merism יוֹמָ֥ם וָ⁠לַ֖יְלָה 1 by day and by night This does not mean that some people went up on the walls to look around at various parts of the day, and others went up at certain times of night. Nehemiah is describing how he maintained a constant guard by speaking of two times when people were on duty, the day and the night, in order to include all the time in between. Alternate translation: “at all times,” otherwise “throughout the day and night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
NEH 4 9 ad11 figs-metaphor מִ⁠פְּנֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 from their faces This term could mean two different things: (1) Here, probably **Their faces** figuratively means the front of a group. This likely means that the lookouts would see the front ranks of the army as they approached. Alternate translation: “to spot them as they approached” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]). (2) Here, “their faces” could also be a figurative way of referring to the enemies and their hostile intentions toward the people doing the work. Alternate translations: “against them”
@ -589,25 +589,25 @@ NEH 5 15 b1g5 figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּקְח֨וּ מֵ⁠הֶ֜ם בְּ⁠
NEH 5 15 w4zk translate-bmoney כֶּֽסֶף־שְׁקָלִ֣ים אַרְבָּעִ֔ים 1 In ancient times, a silver shekel weighed about 11 grams or about a third of an ounce. You could try to express this in terms of modern money values, but if you did, that could cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate over time, since those values can change from year to year. Instead, you could say something general like “40 silver coins,” or give the equivalent weight, or use the biblical term in the text and give the weight in a note. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
NEH 5 15 b1g7 translate-numbers כֶּֽסֶף־שְׁקָלִ֣ים אַרְבָּעִ֔ים 1 Alternate translation: “forty silver shekels” or “40 pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NEH 5 15 b1g9 גַּ֥ם נַעֲרֵי⁠הֶ֖ם שָׁלְט֣וּ עַל־הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 Alternate translation: “Even their servants oppressed the people.”
NEH 5 15 egg7 grammar-connect-logic-result וַ⁠אֲנִי֙ לֹא־עָשִׂ֣יתִי כֵ֔ן מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יִרְאַ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים 1 In this sentence, If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put the reason before the result. Alternate translation: “But because of my fear of God, I did not take the food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 5 15 egg7 grammar-connect-logic-result וַ⁠אֲנִי֙ לֹא־עָשִׂ֣יתִי כֵ֔ן מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יִרְאַ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים 1 In this sentence, If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put the reason before the result. Alternate translation: “But because of my fear of God, I did not take the food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 5 15 b1h1 figs-metaphor מִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י יִרְאַ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים 1 Here, **face** figuratively represents Nehemiah’s personal perception. “Fearing” God does not mean being afraid of God, but recognizing that God deserves respect and honor. Nehemiah is speaking of this perception figuratively, as if this recognition was always directly in front of him in a place where he could see it. He means that he was always aware of it. Alternate translation: “because I knew I needed to respect God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 5 16 gx42 figs-metaphor בִּ⁠מְלֶ֜אכֶת הַ⁠חוֹמָ֤ה הַ⁠זֹּאת֙ הֶחֱזַ֔קְתִּי 1 Nehemiah describes himself figuratively as **holding fast to**, meaning “holding onto,” the work of rebuilding the wall. This means that he was devoted to it, and he did not pursue other interests, including ones that could have made money for him. Alternate translation: “I devoted myself to the work of rebuilding of the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 5 16 lm7t וְ⁠שָׂדֶ֖ה לֹ֣א קָנִ֑ינוּ 1 **We** likely refers to Nehemiah and his relatives, since he mentions his servants next.
NEH 5 16 b1h3 figs-synecdoche וְ⁠שָׂדֶ֖ה לֹ֣א קָנִ֑ינוּ 1 Nehemiah is using the term **field** figuratively to describe any kind of real property that he and his relatives might have bought. Verse 11 shows that this could have included not just fields but also things like vineyards, olive orchards, and houses. He is describing all real property by reference to one kind, a field. Alternate translation: “My relatives and I did not buy any property” (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
NEH 5 16 m3s9 figs-explicit וְ⁠שָׂדֶ֖ה לֹ֣א קָנִ֑ינוּ 1 The implication is that they could have bought property cheaply because the poor were so desperate. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “My relatives and I did not buy any property, even though we could have gotten it cheaply because the poor were so desperate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 5 16 xpb3 figs-activepassive וְ⁠כָל־נְעָרַ֔⁠י קְבוּצִ֥ים שָׁ֖ם עַל־הַ⁠מְּלָאכָֽה 1 **There** means at the wall, and **for the work** means the work of rebuilding the wall. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “I gathered all of my servants there to work on the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 5 16 xpb3 figs-activepassive וְ⁠כָל־נְעָרַ֔⁠י קְבוּצִ֥ים שָׁ֖ם עַל־הַ⁠מְּלָאכָֽה 1 **There** means at the wall, and **for the work** means the work of rebuilding the wall. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “I gathered all of my servants there to work on the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 5 17 j2af figs-synecdoche וְ⁠הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֨ים 1 While this expression means “the Jewish people” in most of the book, in the context here and in 2:16 it seems to mean “Jewish leaders.” Nehemiah is describing some members of this people group, its leaders, as if they were the whole group. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
NEH 5 17 a1g4 translate-unknown וְ⁠הַ⁠סְּגָנִ֜ים 1 See how you translated this term in [2:16](../02/16.md). Alternate translation: “city officials” (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
NEH 5 17 q9x7 figs-metonymy מֵאָ֧ה וַ⁠חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אִ֗ישׁ…עַל־שֻׁלְחָנִֽ⁠י 1 Nehemiah is using the word **table** to refer to the act of feeding people. He is describing that act figuratively by reference to something associated with it, the table that the food was served on. Alternate translation: “every day I was responsible to feed 150 Jewish leaders and officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NEH 5 17 w7i4 figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠בָּאִ֥ים אֵלֵ֛י⁠נוּ מִן־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־סְבִיבֹתֵ֖י⁠נוּ 1 This likely refers to Jews who lived in other countries but who came to Jerusalem. Their own communities may have sent them as representatives, or they may have come on their own for business or personal reasons. Alternate translation: “and we also fed the Jewish visitors who came from other countries around us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 5 18 fa32 figs-ellipsis וַ⁠אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיָ֨ה נַעֲשֶׂ֜ה לְ⁠י֣וֹם אֶחָ֗ד שׁ֣וֹר אֶחָ֞ד צֹ֠אן שֵׁשׁ־בְּרֻר֤וֹת וְ⁠צִפֳּרִים֙ נַֽעֲשׂוּ־לִ֔⁠י 1 Nehemiah seems once again to be leaving out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. He probably means something like, “What was prepared for one day is as follows: One bull, six choice sheep, and birds; that is what was prepared for me.” You could simplify the sentence for your readers by not including “were prepared for me” again at the end. Alternate translation: “Each day I told my servants to prepare one ox, six good sheep, and various kinds of poultry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NEH 5 18 gqe2 figs-activepassive וַ⁠אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיָ֨ה נַעֲשֶׂ֜ה לְ⁠י֣וֹם אֶחָ֗ד 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Each day I told my servants to prepare” or “Each day I told my servants to serve us the meat from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 5 18 gqe2 figs-activepassive וַ⁠אֲשֶׁר֩ הָיָ֨ה נַעֲשֶׂ֜ה לְ⁠י֣וֹם אֶחָ֗ד 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Each day I told my servants to prepare” or “Each day I told my servants to serve us the meat from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 5 18 sp6n translate-unknown וְ⁠צִפֳּרִים֙ 1 It is likely that the birds were domesticated rather than wild, and if it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term that indicates this. Alternate translation: “and various kinds of poultry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
NEH 5 18 b1h5 figs-ellipsis וּ⁠בֵ֨ין עֲשֶׂ֧רֶת יָמִ֛ים בְּ⁠כָל־יַ֖יִן לְ⁠הַרְבֵּ֑ה 1 Nehemiah is once again leaving out some words that a sentence would ordinarily need to be complete. If your readers would misunderstand this, you express the meaning more fully. Alternate translation: “Every ten days I also had my servants bring in an abundant supply of various kinds of wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NEH 5 18 mil3 figs-idiom וּ⁠בֵ֨ין עֲשֶׂ֧רֶת יָמִ֛ים 1 This expression means “every ten days.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 5 18 b1h7 יַ֖יִן לְ⁠הַרְבֵּ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “enough wine for everyone”
NEH 5 18 b1h9 וְ⁠עִם־זֶ֗ה לֶ֤חֶם הַ⁠פֶּחָה֙ לֹ֣א בִקַּ֔שְׁתִּי 1 As in [5:14](../05/14.md), “the bread of the governor” means “the governor’s food allowance.” The implication is that, at his own expense, Nehemiah paid for all of the things he has just described. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “I paid for all of these things at my own expense. I did not accept the governor’s food allowance”
NEH 5 18 b1i1 figs-abstractnouns כָֽבְדָ֥ה הָ⁠עֲבֹדָ֖ה עַל־הָ⁠עָ֥ם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 The abstract noun **bondage** refers to the way the people were struggling to survive in difficult times. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can translate the idea behind it with a verb such as “struggle.” Alternate translation: “I knew that the people were struggling to survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 5 18 b1i1 figs-abstractnouns כָֽבְדָ֥ה הָ⁠עֲבֹדָ֖ה עַל־הָ⁠עָ֥ם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 The abstract noun **bondage** refers to the way the people were struggling to survive in difficult times. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the idea behind it with a verb such as “struggle.” Alternate translation: “I knew that the people were struggling to survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 5 18 b1i3 figs-metaphor כָֽבְדָ֥ה הָ⁠עֲבֹדָ֖ה עַל־הָ⁠עָ֥ם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 Here Nehemiah is speaking of bondage or struggle as if it were a great burden that the people were carrying, making their lives very difficult. Alternate translation: “I knew that the people were struggling to survive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 5 18 b1i5 grammar-connect-logic-result כָֽבְדָ֥ה הָ⁠עֲבֹדָ֖ה עַל־הָ⁠עָ֥ם הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 You can put this before Nehemiah’s statement that he did not accept the governor’s food allowance, because it gives the reason why he refused it. Alternate translation: “I knew that the people were struggling to survive, so I did not accept the governor’s food allowance.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 5 19 b1i7 figs-aside זָכְרָ⁠ה־לִּ֥⁠י אֱלֹהַ֖⁠י לְ⁠טוֹבָ֑ה 1 As in [4:4](../04/04.md), here Nehemiah speaks directly to God. You could indicate this by putting this verse in quotation marks. Review the note at 4:4 about asides like this if that would be helpful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ NEH 5 19 b1j3 כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֖יתִי עַל־הָ⁠עָ
NEH 6 intro k4df 0 # Nehemiah 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The building of the wall is completed in this chapter.<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 6:6-7 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long quotation.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Miracle<br><br>Completing this city wall in only 52 days was considered proof that God had helped the Jews, especially given the opposition that they had experienced from the people in surrounding areas.
NEH 6 1 c1a1 writing-newevent וַ⁠יְהִ֣י 1 Nehemiah uses this phrase to introduce the next event in his story. You do not need to represent it in your translation unless your language has a similar expression that it characteristically uses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
NEH 6 1 c1a3 figs-synecdoche נִשְׁמַ֣ע 1 This means that these enemies learned somehow that the wall was finished. Perhaps someone came and told them, or perhaps they received a written report. Nehemiah figuratively uses hearing, one means of discovering things, to describe these men learning this. Alternate translation: “when our enemies learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
NEH 6 1 c1a5 figs-activepassive כַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁמַ֣ע…וּ⁠לְ⁠יֶ֣תֶר אֹֽיְבֵ֗י⁠נוּ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “when our enemies learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 6 1 c1a5 figs-activepassive כַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁמַ֣ע…וּ⁠לְ⁠יֶ֣תֶר אֹֽיְבֵ֗י⁠נוּ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “when our enemies learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 6 1 gd7c translate-names לְ⁠סַנְבַלַּ֣ט וְ֠⁠טוֹבִיָּה 1 These are the names of men. See how you translated them in [2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 6 1 bxn2 translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠גֶ֨שֶׁם 1 This is the name of a man and his people group. See how you translated these names in [2:19](../02/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 6 1 vi6v figs-synecdoche בָנִ֨יתִי֙ אֶת־הַ֣⁠חוֹמָ֔ה 1 As in [4:14](../04/14.md), Nehemiah is using himself to represent the entire community that he is a part of. Alternate translation: “that we had finished rebuilding the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -639,10 +639,10 @@ NEH 6 4 c1c3 כַּ⁠דָּבָ֥ר הַ⁠זֶּֽה 1 Alternate translation
NEH 6 5 r8xc translate-ordinal וַ⁠יִּשְׁלַח֩ אֵלַ֨⁠י סַנְבַלַּ֜ט כַּ⁠דָּבָ֥ר הַ⁠זֶּ֛ה פַּ֥עַם חֲמִישִׁ֖ית אֶֽת־נַעֲר֑⁠וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “Sanballat sent his servant to me with this same message for a fifth time” or “this was time number five that Sanballat sent his servant to me with this same message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
NEH 6 5 s6ag וְ⁠אִגֶּ֥רֶת פְּתוּחָ֖ה בְּ⁠יָדֽ⁠וֹ 1 This means that this fifth message was written in a letter, but the letter was unsealed. Alternate translation: “This time the message was written, but it was not sealed”
NEH 6 5 c1c5 figs-explicit וְ⁠אִגֶּ֥רֶת פְּתוּחָ֖ה בְּ⁠יָדֽ⁠וֹ 1 As a diplomatic communication, the letter should have been sealed. Because it was not, others could read it and spread its contents among the people of the region. It appears that Sanballat deliberately left the letter unsealed to pressure Nehemiah to meet with him. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Sanballat left the letter unsealed so that others would find out what it said, because he wanted to pressure me to meet with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 6 6 rx5j figs-activepassive כָּת֣וּב בָּ֗⁠הּ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “The letter said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 6 6 wy84 figs-activepassive בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֤ם נִשְׁמָע֙ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “The rumor in the region is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 6 6 rx5j figs-activepassive כָּת֣וּב בָּ֗⁠הּ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “The letter said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 6 6 wy84 figs-activepassive בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֤ם נִשְׁמָע֙ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “The rumor in the region is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 6 6 c1c7 figs-explicit וְ⁠גַשְׁמ֣וּ אֹמֵ֔ר 1 The claim appears to be that Geshem has investigated these rumors and told Sanballat that they are true. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and Geshem confirms that it is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 6 6 c1c9 translate-names וְ⁠גַשְׁמ֣וּ 1 **Gashmu** here is an alternate form of the name **Geshem** found in [6:1](../06/01.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you can translate the name as **Geshem** here as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 6 6 c1c9 translate-names וְ⁠גַשְׁמ֣וּ 1 **Gashmu** here is an alternate form of the name **Geshem** found in [6:1](../06/01.md). If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the name as **Geshem** here as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 6 6 z81q figs-explicit אַתָּ֤ה וְ⁠הַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֙ חֹשְׁבִ֣ים לִ⁠מְר֔וֹד עַל־כֵּ֛ן אַתָּ֥ה בוֹנֶ֖ה הַ⁠חוֹמָ֑ה 1 This means specifically that the Jews would rebel against Artaxerxes, the Persian king, who was currently ruling them. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you and the Jewish people are rebuilding the wall because you are planning to rebel against King Artaxerxes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 6 6 c1d1 וְ⁠הַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֙ 1 Here this expression means **the Jewish people** specifically the ones living in Judah and Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the Jewish people”
NEH 6 6 c1d3 וְ⁠אַתָּ֗ה הֹוֶ֤ה לָ⁠הֶם֙ לְ⁠מֶ֔לֶךְ 1 Alternate translation: “They are also saying that you intend to make yourself the king of the Jews”
@ -650,12 +650,12 @@ NEH 6 7 n1rj grammar-connect-words-phrases וְ⁠גַם 1 This phrase indicate
NEH 6 7 u185 נְבִיאִ֡ים הֶעֱמַ֣דְתָּ לִ⁠קְרֹא֩ עָלֶ֨י⁠ךָ בִֽ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם 1 Alternate translation: “you have appointed prophets to make this proclamation about you in Jerusalem”
NEH 6 7 c1d5 לֵ⁠אמֹ֗ר מֶ֚לֶךְ בִּֽ⁠יהוּדָ֔ה 1 The proclamation can be presented as a direct quotation. “Saying” can be represented by the quotation marks and whatever punctuation your language uses to introduce a quotation. Alternate translation: “The Jews now have a king of their own”
NEH 6 7 c1d7 וְ⁠עַתָּה֙ 1 This is not a reference to time. Sanballat is using this expression to introduce a further inference. Alternate translation: “certainly”
NEH 6 7 c1d9 figs-activepassive יִשָּׁמַ֣ע לַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ כַּ⁠דְּבָרִ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “King Artaxerxes will certainly hear these reports” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 6 7 c1d9 figs-activepassive יִשָּׁמַ֣ע לַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ כַּ⁠דְּבָרִ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “King Artaxerxes will certainly hear these reports” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 6 7 c1e1 figs-explicit יִשָּׁמַ֣ע לַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ כַּ⁠דְּבָרִ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֑לֶּה 1 The implication is that when Artaxerxes hears these reports, he will be very angry with Nehemiah. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “King Artaxerxes will certainly hear these reports, and when he does, he will be very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 6 7 c1e3 grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠עַתָּה֙ 1 This is not a reference to time. Sanballat is using this expression to introduce his conclusion. This term expresses that the sentences that came before provide the reason for the sentence that comes after. Alternate translation: “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 6 7 c1e5 לְכָ֔⁠ה וְ⁠נִֽוָּעֲצָ֖ה יַחְדָּֽו 1 As in [6:2](../06/02.md), “come” is a word of encouragement rather than a command. Alternate translation: “So we really should meet together and talk about this”
NEH 6 8 ei6j וָ⁠אֶשְׁלְחָ֤⁠ה אֵלָי⁠ו֙ 1 Alternate translation: “I sent a message back to him”
NEH 6 8 ab7x figs-activepassive לֹ֤א נִֽהְיָה֙ כַּ⁠דְּבָרִ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַתָּ֣ה אוֹמֵ֑ר 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “I have not done any of the things you have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 6 8 ab7x figs-activepassive לֹ֤א נִֽהְיָה֙ כַּ⁠דְּבָרִ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַתָּ֣ה אוֹמֵ֑ר 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “I have not done any of the things you have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 6 8 ds1y figs-metaphor כִּ֥י מִֽ⁠לִּבְּ⁠ךָ֖ אַתָּ֥ה בוֹדָֽא⁠ם 1 Here, the **heart** figuratively represents someone’s thoughts and feelings. Sanballat’s thoughts and feelings, in turn, represent him as a person. Alternate translation: “you have made all this up in your own imagination” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 6 8 c1e7 grammar-connect-logic-contrast כִּ֥י 1 This term expresses a contrast between the clause that comes before and the clause that comes after. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
NEH 6 9 p45k figs-explicit כִּ֣י כֻלָּ֗⁠ם מְיָֽרְאִ֤ים אוֹתָ֨⁠נוּ֙ 1 This likely means, “they were all trying to frighten us.” The implication is that Nehemiah recognized that this was the motive behind the letters. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “I knew that they were all just trying to frighten us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ NEH 6 9 c1e9 לֵ⁠אמֹ֔ר 1 Alternate translation: “They were thinking
NEH 6 9 b5ij figs-metaphor יִרְפּ֧וּ יְדֵי⁠הֶ֛ם מִן־הַ⁠מְּלָאכָ֖ה 1 Here, **hand** figuratively represents strength, power, control, or action. Alternate translation: “The workers will stop doing the work on the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 6 9 c1f1 figs-explicit יִרְפּ֧וּ יְדֵי⁠הֶ֛ם מִן־הַ⁠מְּלָאכָ֖ה 1 The implication is that the enemies expected the Jews to become so afraid of being accused of rebelling for rebuilding the wall that they would stop doing that. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The Jews will become so afraid that they will stop working on the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 6 9 c1f3 figs-explicit מִן־הַ⁠מְּלָאכָ֖ה 1 This means specifically the work on the wall. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “working on the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 6 9 c1f5 figs-activepassive וְ⁠לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ה 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form, and you can say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “they will never finish rebuilding it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 6 9 c1f5 figs-activepassive וְ⁠לֹ֣א תֵעָשֶׂ֑ה 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “they will never finish rebuilding it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 6 9 j1dj figs-aside וְ⁠עַתָּ֖ה חַזֵּ֥ק אֶת־יָדָֽ⁠י 1 Nehemiah speaks directly to God once again here. This instance is like the one in [4:4](../04/04.md), where Nehemiah records what he prayed at the time of the events he is describing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this by introducing the prayer with a phrase such as “so I prayed,” by presenting the prayer as a direct quotation, and by having Nehemiah address God directly at the beginning. Alternate translation: “So I prayed, ‘O God, give me courage’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
NEH 6 9 c1f7 figs-metaphor חַזֵּ֥ק אֶת־יָדָֽ⁠י 1 Here the strength of a person’s hands figuratively stands for the courage they are feeling inside. Alternate translation: “strengthen me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 6 10 c1f9 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וַ⁠אֲנִי 1 Nehemiah uses this phrase to introduce something else that happened around this same time. Alternate translation: “Around this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ NEH 6 10 c1h1 וְ⁠נִסְגְּרָה֙ דַּלְת֣וֹת הַ⁠הֵי
NEH 6 10 c1h3 כִּ֚י בָּאִ֣ים לְ⁠הָרְגֶ֔⁠ךָ 1 Shemaiah does not say who these people are. It would be possible to say something based on what can reasonably be inferred. For example, “Your enemies have hired people to kill you.” However, the vagueness seems to be part of Shemaiah’s strategy to frighten Nehemiah. So it might be more effective to leave this indefinite. Alternate translation: “because people are trying to kill you”
NEH 6 10 c1h5 וְ⁠לַ֖יְלָה בָּאִ֥ים לְ⁠הָרְגֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Shemaiah’s confidence in the detail of “at night” seems designed to make Nehemiah even more afraid because this means that the killers will come in the dark when he is asleep, so he won’t be able to protect himself. It could be helpful to your readers for your translation to reflect this confidence. Alternate translation: “I know that one night they are going to come and kill you”
NEH 6 11 c1h7 וָ⁠אֹמְרָ֗⁠ה 1 Alternate translation: “I responded”
NEH 6 11 syw3 figs-rquestion הַ⁠אִ֤ישׁ כָּמ֨וֹ⁠נִי֙ יִבְרָ֔ח 1 Nehemiah is making a statement, not asking a question. He does not expect Shemiah to tell him whether or not he should run away. Instead, Nehemiah is using the question form to emphasize that he is not going to do what Shemaiah has suggested. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can translate this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man like me would not run away.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NEH 6 11 syw3 figs-rquestion הַ⁠אִ֤ישׁ כָּמ֨וֹ⁠נִי֙ יִבְרָ֔ח 1 Nehemiah is making a statement, not asking a question. He does not expect Shemiah to tell him whether or not he should run away. Instead, Nehemiah is using the question form to emphasize that he is not going to do what Shemaiah has suggested. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man like me would not run away.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NEH 6 11 c1h8 figs-rquestion וּ⁠מִ֥י כָמ֛וֹ⁠נִי אֲשֶׁר־יָב֥וֹא אֶל־הַ⁠הֵיכָ֖ל וָ⁠חָ֑י 1 Once again Nehemiah is making a statement, not asking a question. He does not expect Shemiah to tell him whether going into the temple would save his life. Alternate translation: “A man like me would not go into the temple just to hide to stay alive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NEH 6 11 c1i0 figs-explicit וּ⁠מִ֥י כָמ֛וֹ⁠נִי אֲשֶׁר־יָב֥וֹא אֶל־הַ⁠הֵיכָ֖ל וָ⁠חָ֑י 1 It is not entirely clear what Nehemiah means by this. He could be saying that he should not go into the temple because he is not a priest. However, the Bible records instances of other people who were not priests going into the temple to seek sanctuary. So Nehemiah may be saying instead that because he is the governor he is too well known to escape from assassins by hiding in the temple. You could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Besides, I am the governor, and everyone knows me, so I could not save my life by trying to hide in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 6 11 c1i3 לֹ֖א אָבֽוֹא 1 Alternate translation: “I refuse to do it!”
@ -740,22 +740,22 @@ NEH 7 2 zy5q translate-names חֲנַנְיָ֛ה 1 This is the name of a man.
NEH 7 2 iqf3 שַׂ֥ר הַ⁠בִּירָ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “who was in charge of the fortress”
NEH 7 2 he4e כִּי־הוּא֙ כְּ⁠אִ֣ישׁ אֱמֶ֔ת 1 **He** means Hananiah. “He was as a faithful man” is a way of saying “he was such as only a faithful man would be.” Alternate translation: “I appointed Hananiah because he was trustworthy”
NEH 7 2 dx6d figs-idiom וְ⁠יָרֵ֥א אֶת־הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים מֵ⁠רַבִּֽים 1 Here, **fear** does not mean to be afraid of God, but to show God reverence and respect. Alternate translation: “because he showed God more reverence and respect than most people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 7 3 y2jk figs-activepassive לֹ֣א יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Do not order the gates of Jerusalem to be opened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 7 3 y2jk figs-activepassive לֹ֣א יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Do not order the gates of Jerusalem to be opened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 7 3 n55g figs-explicit לֹ֣א יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ 1 Hanani and Hananiah would not have opened the gates physically themselves. Rather, they would have ordered this to be done. Alternate translation: “Do not order the gates of Jerusalem to be opened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 7 3 w3hi figs-metonymy עַד־חֹ֣ם הַ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ 1 Here Nehemiah probably uses the heat of the sun to represent the light of the sun. His intent is to open the gates some time after the sun rises regardless of how hot the sun shines on any particular day. Alternate translation: “until broad daylight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NEH 7 3 ed9m figs-explicit עַד־חֹ֣ם הַ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ 1 The implication is that the gatekeepers should not open the gates at sunrise, as would have been customary, because the enemies of the Jews could launch a surprise attack in the dim light before most of the city was up and ready for the day. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “until broad daylight. That way we will be able to see anything our enemies are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 7 3 b2es וְ⁠עַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַ⁠דְּלָת֖וֹת וֶ⁠אֱחֹ֑זוּ 1 **They** means the gatekeepers, and “standing” means keeping guard. Alternate translation: “Order the doors to be shut and locked while the gatekeepers are still on guard”
NEH 7 3 mir9 figs-idiom וְ⁠הַעֲמֵ֗יד מִשְׁמְרוֹת֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם אִ֚ישׁ בְּ⁠מִשְׁמָר֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠אִ֖ישׁ נֶ֥גֶד בֵּיתֽ⁠וֹ 1 In this context, **a man** means **each man.** It is likely that adult males were intended for this dangerous night duty. “A man in his watch” means that each man should take a turn, and “a man in front of his house” means that each man should keep watch in his own neighborhood. Alternate translation: “Have the men who live in Jerusalem take turns keeping watch in their own neighborhoods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 7 4 d1a5 figs-doublet וְ⁠הָ⁠עִ֞יר רַחֲבַ֤ת יָדַ֨יִם֙ וּ⁠גְדוֹלָ֔ה 1 These two short phrases mean similar things. Nehemiah uses them together to emphasize how large Jerusalem was. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can combine them. Alternate translation: “The city of Jerusalem covered a large area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
NEH 7 4 d1a5 figs-doublet וְ⁠הָ⁠עִ֞יר רַחֲבַ֤ת יָדַ֨יִם֙ וּ⁠גְדוֹלָ֔ה 1 These two short phrases mean similar things. Nehemiah uses them together to emphasize how large Jerusalem was. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “The city of Jerusalem covered a large area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
NEH 7 4 d1a7 figs-idiom רַחֲבַ֤ת יָדַ֨יִם֙ 1 Here, **hand** figuratively means “side.” The image is that if you stood in the city, there would be a lot of it on both sides of you. Alternate translation: “covered a large area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 7 4 d1a9 וְ⁠הָ⁠עָ֥ם מְעַ֖ט בְּ⁠תוֹכָ֑⁠הּ 1 Alternate translation: “but not many people lived there”
NEH 7 4 y6y8 figs-activepassive וְ⁠אֵ֥ין בָּתִּ֖ים בְּנוּיִֽם 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the people had not yet rebuilt the houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 7 4 y6y8 figs-activepassive וְ⁠אֵ֥ין בָּתִּ֖ים בְּנוּיִֽם 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the people had not yet rebuilt the houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 7 5 d1b1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֤ן אֱלֹהַ⁠י֙ אֶל־לִבִּ֔⁠י 1 The implication is that registering the people was a first step toward filling Jerusalem with people again, a process that Nehemiah will describe in chapter 11. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “as a first step towards filling Jerusalem with people again, God led me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 7 5 wjd3 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּתֵּ֤ן אֱלֹהַ⁠י֙ אֶל־לִבִּ֔⁠י 1 As in [2:12](../02/12.md), Nehemiah’s **heart** figuratively represents his thoughts and will. Alternate translation: “God inspired me” or “led me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 7 5 d1b3 grammar-connect-logic-result וָ⁠אֶקְבְּצָ֞⁠ה 1 This word indicates that what Nehemiah did was in response to the situation just described. Alternate translation: “so I gathered together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 7 5 d1b5 translate-unknown אֶת־הַ⁠חֹרִ֧ים וְ⁠אֶת־הַ⁠סְּגָנִ֛ים 1 See how you translated these terms in [2:16](../02/16.md). Alternate translation: “the leading citizens and the city officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
NEH 7 5 d1b7 וְ⁠אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֖ם 1 In context, this likely means “the other people living in the city.”
NEH 7 5 pzu6 figs-activepassive לְ⁠הִתְיַחֵ֑שׂ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “and to register them by genealogies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 7 5 pzu6 figs-activepassive לְ⁠הִתְיַחֵ֑שׂ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “and to register them by genealogies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 7 5 d1b9 לְ⁠הִתְיַחֵ֑שׂ 1 Alternate translation: “to be enrolled according to their family histories”
NEH 7 5 avw2 translate-unknown וָֽ⁠אֶמְצָ֗א סֵ֤פֶר הַ⁠יַּ֨חַשׂ֙ הָ⁠עוֹלִ֣ים בָּ⁠רִאשׁוֹנָ֔ה 1 This means a list of the first group of Jews who had returned from exile, about a hundred years earlier. Alternate translation: “I also found a book containing the records of the first group of people who had returned to Jerusalem from the exile.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
NEH 7 5 bz2p figs-activepassive וָ⁠אֶמְצָ֖א כָּת֥וּב בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “I found that those people had written the following in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -964,7 +964,7 @@ NEH 8 9 e1g9 figs-distinguish וְ⁠עֶזְרָ֣א הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֣ן ׀
NEH 8 9 e1h1 וְ⁠הַ⁠לְוִיִּם֩ הַ⁠מְּבִינִ֨ים אֶת־הָ⁠עָ֜ם 1 See how you translated this phrase in [8:7](../08/07.md). Alternate translation: “The Levites who were explaining the meaning of the Law to the people.”
NEH 8 9 e1h3 figs-explicit הַ⁠יּ֤וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ־הוּא֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֣ה 1 As a note to verse [8:1](../08/01.md) explains, this particular holiday was the Festival of Trumpets. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “This is a holy day, set apart to worship Yahweh. It is the Festival of Trumpets.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 8 9 e1h5 figs-doublet הַ⁠יּ֤וֹם קָדֹֽשׁ־הוּא֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֣ה 1 These two phrases mean similar things. The leaders were reminding the people that this was one of the festival days that Yahweh had told them to set apart as special times of worship and celebration. If your readers would misunderstand this you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “This is a special day for worshiping Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
NEH 8 9 e1h7 grammar-connect-logic-result אַל־תִּֽתְאַבְּל֖וּ וְ⁠אַל־תִּבְכּ֑וּ 1 The leaders are saying that since this is a day for celebration, it is not appropriate for the people to be weeping. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can show this connection by beginning this sentence with a word such as “so.” Alternate translation: “So do not mourn or cry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 8 9 e1h7 grammar-connect-logic-result אַל־תִּֽתְאַבְּל֖וּ וְ⁠אַל־תִּבְכּ֑וּ 1 The leaders are saying that since this is a day for celebration, it is not appropriate for the people to be weeping. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could show this connection by beginning this sentence with a word such as “so.” Alternate translation: “So do not mourn or cry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 8 9 e1h9 figs-doublet אַל־תִּֽתְאַבְּל֖וּ וְ⁠אַל־תִּבְכּ֑וּ 1 **Mourn** and **weep** mean the same thing. The leaders use both words together to emphasize that the people should be cheerful, not sad, on a festival day. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these words in a single expression. Alternate translation: “So you should not be crying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
NEH 8 9 e1i1 grammar-connect-logic-result בוֹכִים֙ כָּל־הָ⁠עָ֔ם כְּ⁠שָׁמְעָ֖⁠ם אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַ⁠תּוֹרָֽה 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this sentence first in the verse, since it gives the reason for the results that are described in the rest of the verse. Alternate translation: “The people in the crowd began to weep when they heard what was in the Law of Moses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 8 9 e1i3 figs-explicit בוֹכִים֙ כָּל־הָ⁠עָ֔ם כְּ⁠שָׁמְעָ֖⁠ם אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַ⁠תּוֹרָֽה 1 The implication is that the people began to weep because they recognized that they had not been obeying what God had commanded them in the Law of Moses. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The people in the crowd began to weep when they heard what was in the Law of Moses, because they recognized that they had not been obeying what it commanded.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ NEH 8 10 e1j1 figs-activepassive וְ⁠שִׁלְח֤וּ מָנוֹת֙ לְ
NEH 8 10 e1j3 figs-explicit וְ⁠שִׁלְח֤וּ מָנוֹת֙ לְ⁠אֵ֣ין נָכ֣וֹן ל֔⁠וֹ 1 This may actually refer to the poor and indicate that they would not be able to afford rich food and drink. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “share some of your meal with the poor, who cannot afford rich food and drink.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 8 10 e1j5 figs-doublet כִּֽי־קָד֥וֹשׁ הַ⁠יּ֖וֹם לַ⁠אֲדֹנֵ֑י⁠נוּ 1 These two phrases mean similar things. As in [8:9](../08/09.md), together they mean, “This is a special day for worshiping our Lord.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these phrases like that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
NEH 8 10 e1j7 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי־קָד֥וֹשׁ הַ⁠יּ֖וֹם לַ⁠אֲדֹנֵ֑י⁠נוּ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could move this phrase to the beginning of the quotation because it gives the reason for the resulting actions that are described in the rest of the quotation. You could also connect this phrase to the ones that would then follow with a word like “so,” to show the connection. Alternate translation: “Today is a holy day set apart to worship our Lord. So…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 8 10 ach1 figs-activepassive וְ⁠אַל־תֵּ֣עָצֵ֔בוּ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this same idea with an active form, and you can say what is causing the action. Alternate translation: “You have recognized that you have not obeyed the Law of Moses, but do not let that make you sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 8 10 ach1 figs-activepassive וְ⁠אַל־תֵּ֣עָצֵ֔בוּ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this same idea with an active form, and you could say what is causing the action. Alternate translation: “You have recognized that you have not obeyed the Law of Moses, but do not let that make you sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 8 10 e1j9 figs-explicit כִּֽי־חֶדְוַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה הִ֥יא מָֽעֻזְּ⁠כֶֽם 1 The implication is that if a person is truly sorry for disobeying, Yahweh does not want that person to fear punishment or to grieve for the way they have offended. Instead, Yahweh wants them to be encouraged that they can live in a new way and to be happy about that. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh wants you to be happy and encouraged about living in a new way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 8 10 sni7 figs-abstractnouns חֶדְוַ֥ת…מָֽעֻזְּ⁠כֶֽם 1 for the joy of Yahweh is your strength If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the ideas behind the abstract nouns **joy** and **strength** with adjectives. Alternate translation: “happy … encouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 8 11 e1k1 figs-hyperbole מַחְשִׁ֤ים לְ⁠כָל־הָ⁠עָם֙ 1 These are two overstatements that emphasize how encouraging the Levites were trying to be. **All the people** does not mean everyone in the crowd, but those who were crying. **Be silent** does not mean “say nothing” or “make no noise,” but “stop crying.” (Certainly the Levites hoped that these people would soon be talking and laughing with others at celebration meals.) Alternate translation: “encouraged the people who were weeping to stop crying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ NEH 8 12 e1l3 figs-explicit וּ⁠לְ⁠שַׁלַּ֣ח מָנ֔וֹת 1 The
NEH 8 12 z1gc figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠לַ⁠עֲשׂ֖וֹת שִׂמְחָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה 1 The abstract noun **rejoicing** can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “and to rejoice greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 8 12 e1l5 figs-explicit כִּ֤י הֵבִ֨ינוּ֙ בַּ⁠דְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹדִ֖יעוּ לָ⁠הֶֽם 1 The implication is that the leaders helped the people recognize that being able to understand Yahweh’s law should be a source of joy and encouragement to them. They should not be sad or discouraged because they had disobeyed in the past, because now they would know how to obey. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “because now that they were able to understand God’s law, they would be able to obey it in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 8 12 e1l7 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י הֵבִ֨ינוּ֙ בַּ⁠דְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹדִ֖יעוּ לָ⁠הֶֽם 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this phrase at the beginning of the verse since it gives the reason for the rest of the actions that the verse describes. You could show the connection by using a word like “so” after this phrase. Alternate translation: “the people realized that they would be able to obey God’s law in the future because now they were able to understand it. So…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 8 12 e1l9 figs-activepassive הֵבִ֨ינוּ֙ בַּ⁠דְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹדִ֖יעוּ לָ⁠הֶֽם 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “they understood God’s law when Ezra and the Levites explained it to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 8 12 e1l9 figs-activepassive הֵבִ֨ינוּ֙ בַּ⁠דְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹדִ֖יעוּ לָ⁠הֶֽם 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “they understood God’s law when Ezra and the Levites explained it to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 8 13 uj5j translate-ordinal וּ⁠בַ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֡י 1 On the second day Alternate translations: “On day 2” or “On the next day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
NEH 8 13 e1m1 figs-activepassive נֶאֶסְפוּ֩…אֶל 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “gathered to meet with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 8 13 e1m3 figs-ellipsis רָאשֵׁ֨י הָ⁠אָב֜וֹת לְ⁠כָל־הָ⁠עָ֗ם 1 As in [7:70](../07/70.md), this seems to be an abbreviated way of saying “the heads of father’s houses.” The full expression “father’s house” or “house of the father” is used in [7:61](../07/61.md). See how you translated it there, and review the note there if that would be helpful. Alternate translation: “some clan leaders from throughout Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ NEH 8 15 rq6z figs-parallelism וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַשְׁמִ֗יעוּ ו
NEH 8 15 es8r figs-merism בְּ⁠כָל־עָרֵי⁠הֶם֮ וּ⁠בִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֣ם 1 Here the story describes the whole population of the province of Judah by referring to its smaller cities and towns and to its large capital city of Jerusalem. The expression includes everything in between these two extremes. Alternate translation: “to everyone in Judah,” otherwise “both in Jerusalem and in all the towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
NEH 8 15 e1o5 צְא֣וּ הָ⁠הָ֗ר וְ⁠הָבִ֨יאוּ֙ עֲלֵי־זַ֨יִת֙ וַ⁠עֲלֵי־עֵ֣ץ שֶׁ֔מֶן וַ⁠עֲלֵ֤י הֲדַס֙ וַ⁠עֲלֵ֣י תְמָרִ֔ים וַ⁠עֲלֵ֖י עֵ֣ץ עָבֹ֑ת לַ⁠עֲשֹׂ֥ת סֻכֹּ֖ת כַּ⁠כָּתֽוּב 1 This is the content of the message that the leaders sent out to the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “The Law of Moses commands us to go out into the hill country and get branches from olive, wild olive, myrtle, palm, and other leafy trees to make shelters”
NEH 8 15 f9c2 figs-synecdoche הָ⁠הָ֗ר 1 The phrase can refer either to a single mountain or to a range of mountains and hills, which seems to be the meaning here. In this case one mountain would be used figuratively to represent the entire range. Alternate translation: “into the hill country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
NEH 8 15 jb2s figs-activepassive כַּ⁠כָּתֽוּב 1 as it is written If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say what is doing the action. Alternate translation: “as the Law of Moses commands us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 8 15 jb2s figs-activepassive כַּ⁠כָּתֽוּב 1 as it is written If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say what is doing the action. Alternate translation: “as the Law of Moses commands us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 8 16 e1o7 figs-ellipsis וַ⁠יֵּצְא֣וּ הָ⁠עָם֮ וַ⁠יָּבִיאוּ֒ 1 Here the story is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. The meaning is clear from the context. Alternate translation: “the people went out and got branches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NEH 8 16 dl2y figs-idiom וַ⁠יַּעֲשׂוּ֩ לָ⁠הֶ֨ם סֻכּ֜וֹת אִ֤ישׁ עַל־גַּגּ⁠וֹ֙ 1 In this context, **a man** is an idiom that means “each person” and likely “each family.” It does not mean only an adult male. Alternate translation: “and each family built shelters on their roofs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 8 16 e1o9 figs-explicit עַל־גַּגּ⁠וֹ֙ 1 In this culture, roofs were flat and were reached by stairs that led up to them from outside the house. So a shelter could stand on the flat roof and the family could use it as a temporary home. Alternate translation: “on their flat roofs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@ NEH 9 24 v454 figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠תִּתְּנֵ֖⁠ם בְּ⁠יָדָ֑
NEH 9 25 yzu6 וַֽ⁠יִּלְכְּד֞וּ עָרִ֣ים בְּצֻרוֹת֮ וַ⁠אֲדָמָ֣ה שְׁמֵנָה֒ 1 **They** means the Israelites who were entering Canaan.
NEH 9 25 gs7a figs-metonymy וַ⁠אֲדָמָ֣ה שְׁמֵנָה֒ 1 This means land that can produce abundantly and make its inhabitants fat (as described later in this verse). The rich character of the soil is being described figuratively by something associated with it, the well-fed character of the people it sustains. Alternate translation: “fertile land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NEH 9 25 ac3r וַ⁠יִּֽירְשׁ֡וּ 1 This means that, from people who had already built or planted them, they took possession of the things on the list that follows. Alternate translation: “they took possession of”
NEH 9 25 y6gx figs-activepassive בֹּר֨וֹת חֲצוּבִ֜ים 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. (This verse is not saying that the Israelites did three things, captured cities, possessed houses, and dug cisterns.) Alternate translation: “cisterns that someone else had already dug” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 9 25 y6gx figs-activepassive בֹּר֨וֹת חֲצוּבִ֜ים 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. (This verse is not saying that the Israelites did three things, captured cities, possessed houses, and dug cisterns.) Alternate translation: “cisterns that someone else had already dug” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 9 25 ke4u translate-unknown בֹּר֨וֹת 1 Cisterns are underground reservoirs where people store water. In this area they were typically hewn out of the underlying rock. Alternate translation: “water storage areas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
NEH 9 25 f1o3 translate-unknown וְ⁠עֵ֥ץ מַאֲכָ֖ל 1 This means trees that grow things that are good to eat. In this area, these would have included both fruit and nut trees. Alternate translation: “and fruit and nut trees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
NEH 9 25 s544 figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יִּשְׂבְּעוּ֙ 1 It is clear from the context that this was likely true literally, but this statement could also be a figurative way of saying that just as a person who has more than enough to eat stops being concerned, so the Israelites became complacent and stopped thinking about Yahweh. Alternate translation: “and they became complacent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1571,12 +1571,12 @@ NEH 12 21 vwp6 translate-names לְ⁠חִלְקִיָּ֣ה חֲשַׁבְיָ
NEH 12 22 i1c9 figs-ellipsis הַ⁠לְוִיִּם֩ בִּ⁠ימֵ֨י אֶלְיָשִׁ֜יב יוֹיָדָ֤ע וְ⁠יוֹחָנָן֙ וְ⁠יַדּ֔וּעַ כְּתוּבִ֖ים רָאשֵׁ֣י אָב֑וֹת 1 Here the book leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. The meaning seems to be, “During the times when Eliashib, Joiada, Johanan, and Jaddua served as high priest, the Israelites kept records of which Levites were the clan leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NEH 12 22 i1d1 figs-idiom בִּ⁠ימֵ֨י אֶלְיָשִׁ֜יב יוֹיָדָ֤ע וְ⁠יוֹחָנָן֙ וְ⁠יַדּ֔וּעַ 1 The term **days** is used figuratively here to refer a particular period of time. Alternate translation: “the times when Eliashib, Joiada, Johanan, and Jaddua served as high priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 12 22 snj3 translate-names אֶלְיָשִׁ֜יב יוֹיָדָ֤ע וְ⁠יוֹחָנָן֙ וְ⁠יַדּ֔וּעַ 1 These are the names of four men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 12 22 i1d3 figs-activepassive כְּתוּבִ֖ים 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the Israelites kept records” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 12 22 i1d3 figs-activepassive כְּתוּבִ֖ים 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the Israelites kept records” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 12 22 i1d5 figs-ellipsis רָאשֵׁ֣י אָב֑וֹת 1 This seems to be an abbreviated way of saying “the heads of father’s houses.” The full expression “house of the father” or “father’s house” is used in [7:61](../07/61.md). See how you translated it there, and review the note there if that would be helpful. Alternate translation: “clan leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NEH 12 22 i1d7 figs-metaphor רָאשֵׁ֣י 1 **Head** here is a figurative way of saying “leader.” Alternate translation: “leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 12 22 cr6d figs-ellipsis וְ⁠הַ⁠כֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים עַל־מַלְכ֖וּת דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ הַ⁠פָּֽרְסִֽי 1 Here again the book leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. The meaning seems to be, “The Israelites also made records during the reign of Darius III of which priests were the heads of their clans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NEH 12 22 i1d9 figs-explicit דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ הַ⁠פָּֽרְסִֽי 1 The Persian king named Darius who reigned at the time of Jaddua, the last high priest mentioned in this verse, was Darius III Codomannus. The implication is therefore that the phrase “Darius the Persian” refers to him. (Since he reigned about a hundred years after Nehemiah lived, it is probable that scribes added this information to the book later on to bring it up to date.) If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this likely identification explicit. Alternate translation: “Darius III” or “Darius Codomannus” or “Darius III Codomannus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 12 23 q9hz figs-activepassive בְּנֵ֤י לֵוִי֙ רָאשֵׁ֣י הָֽ⁠אָב֔וֹת כְּתוּבִ֕ים 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Scribes recorded the names of the Levites who were clan leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 12 23 q9hz figs-activepassive בְּנֵ֤י לֵוִי֙ רָאשֵׁ֣י הָֽ⁠אָב֔וֹת כְּתוּבִ֕ים 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Scribes recorded the names of the Levites who were clan leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 12 23 i1e1 figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֤י לֵוִי֙ רָאשֵׁ֣י הָֽ⁠אָב֔וֹת כְּתוּבִ֕ים 1 **Sons** here figuratively means “descendants,” so this phrase refers to the descendants of Levi or the Levites. Alternate translation: “the Levites who were clan leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 12 23 i1e3 figs-ellipsis רָאשֵׁ֣י הָֽ⁠אָב֔וֹת 1 This seems to be an abbreviated way of saying “the heads of father’s houses.” The full expression “house of the father” or “father’s house” is used in [7:61](../07/61.md). See how you translated it there, and review the note there if that would be helpful. Alternate translation: “clan leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NEH 12 23 i1e5 figs-metaphor רָאשֵׁ֣י 1 **Head** here is a figurative way of saying “leader.” Alternate translation: “leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1667,11 +1667,11 @@ NEH 12 42 y2qj translate-names וְ⁠יִֽזְרַחְיָ֖ה 1 This is the
NEH 12 43 j1l1 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous בַ⁠יּוֹם־הַ֠⁠הוּא 1 This is a flexible expression that can mean either **on that same day** or **around that time.** But since this verse continues to describe the celebrations for the dedication of the wall, here it likely means **on that same day.** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
NEH 12 43 jgp9 figs-abstractnouns כִּ֤י הָ⁠אֱלֹהִים֙ שִׂמְּחָ⁠ם֙ שִׂמְחָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה 1 The abstract noun **rejoicing** describes how happy the people were as they held this celebration to dedicate the wall. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the idea behind this word with an adjective such as **happy.** Alternate translation: “God had made them all very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 12 43 p5fe figs-abstractnouns וַ⁠תִּשָּׁמַ֛ע שִׂמְחַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם מֵ⁠רָחֽוֹק 1 In this case the abstract noun **rejoicing** refers to the loud sound that the singers and the people made as they held the ceremony to dedicate the rebuilt wall. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the idea behind this abstract noun with a concrete noun such as “sound.” Alternate translation: “the sound that the people made as they celebrated in Jerusalem was so loud that even other people who were far away could hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 12 43 j1l3 figs-activepassive וַ⁠תִּשָּׁמַ֛ע שִׂמְחַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם מֵ⁠רָחֽוֹק 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the sound that the people made as they celebrated in Jerusalem was so loud that even other people who were far away could hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 12 43 j1l3 figs-activepassive וַ⁠תִּשָּׁמַ֛ע שִׂמְחַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם מֵ⁠רָחֽוֹק 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the sound that the people made as they celebrated in Jerusalem was so loud that even other people who were far away could hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 12 43 j1l5 figs-personification שִׂמְחַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם 1 Here the story speaks figuratively of Jerusalem as if it were a living thing that could celebrate. Alternate translation: “the sound that the people made as they celebrated in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
NEH 12 44 j1l7 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous בַ⁠יּוֹם֩ הַ⁠ה֨וּא 1 As noted for [12:43](../12/43.md), this is a flexible expression that can mean either **on that same day** or **around that time.** So here it could mean either that men were appointed to be in charge of the store rooms on the same day as the dedication celebration, or else at around the same time, perhaps shortly afterwards, once all of the activity of the celebration was over. Alternate translation: “on the same day that they held the ceremony to dedicate the rebuilt wall” or “around this same time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
NEH 12 44 fsb6 figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּפָּקְד֣וּ…אֲנָשִׁ֜ים עַל־הַ⁠נְּשָׁכ֗וֹת לָ⁠א֨וֹצָר֥וֹת 1 This is referring implicitly to the six Levites whose names are listed in [12:25](../12/25.md). The **chambers** are the storerooms above the gateways to the temple. (Review the note to [12:25](../12/25.md) if that would be helpful.) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “we appointed six Levites to be in charge of the store rooms above the gateways to the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 12 44 bnw2 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּפָּקְד֣וּ…אֲנָשִׁ֜ים 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. In the context of this episode, saying “we” would indicate Nehemiah and his fellow leaders. (“We” would not include the addressee, if your language makes that distinction.) Alternate translation: “we appointed six Levites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 12 44 bnw2 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּפָּקְד֣וּ…אֲנָשִׁ֜ים 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. In the context of this episode, saying “we” would indicate Nehemiah and his fellow leaders. (“We” would not include the addressee, if your language makes that distinction.) Alternate translation: “we appointed six Levites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 12 44 j1l9 figs-explicit לַ⁠תְּרוּמוֹת֮ לָ⁠רֵאשִׁ֣ית וְ⁠לַ⁠מַּֽעַשְׂרוֹת֒ לִ⁠כְנ֨וֹס בָּ⁠הֶ֜ם לִ⁠שְׂדֵ֤י הֶ⁠עָרִים֙ 1 In their covenant, these were the things the people promised to provide in order to support the priests and the Levites. (See [10:36–39](../10/36.md).) If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so that they could collect the offerings, firstfruits, and tithes that the Israelites would bring in from the fields around their cities, as they had promised to do in their covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 12 44 j1m1 figs-abstractnouns מְנָא֣וֹת הַ⁠תּוֹרָ֔ה לַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְ⁠לַ⁠לְוִיִּ֑ם 1 The abstract noun **portion** refers to the part of each crop that the law commanded the Israelites to give to the temple to support the priests and Levites. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate the idea behind this word with a different phrase. Alternate translation: “these were the things that the law commanded the Israelites to give from their harvests to support the priests and Levites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NEH 12 44 g347 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֚י שִׂמְחַ֣ת יְהוּדָ֔ה עַל־הַ⁠כֹּהֲנִ֥ים וְ⁠עַל־הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֖ם הָ⁠עֹמְדִֽים 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could place this sentence first in the verse since it gives the reason for the results that are described in the rest of the verse. You could also show the connection by using a word like “so” after this phrase. Alternate translation: “The people of Judah were very happy that the priests and the Levites were once again serving in the roles that the law had assigned to them. So…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
@ -1698,10 +1698,10 @@ NEH 12 47 j1o9 figs-idiom דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּ⁠יוֹמ֑⁠וֹ 1
NEH 12 47 j1p1 figs-explicit וּ⁠מַקְדִּשִׁים֙ לַ⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם וְ⁠הַ⁠לְוִיִּ֔ם מַקְדִּשִׁ֖ים לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י אַהֲרֹֽן 1 **They** means the Israelites, as in the previous sentence. **Consecrating** means **setting apart.** This is likely a reference to the tithe or 1/10 of crops that the Israelites promised in their covenant to give to support the Levites, and to the tithe of this tithe that the Levites then contributed to support the priests, as described in [10:37–38](../10/37.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The Israelites also gave a tenth of their crops to support the Levites, just as they had promised, and the Levites gave a tenth of this tenth to support the priests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 13 intro tm5a 0 # Nehemiah 13 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem<br><br>Nehemiah was eager to make sure that the Jews kept their promise to obey the law. When he returned from Persia, he found many things wrong: one of the store rooms in the temple had been converted into a guest room for Tobiah, the Levites had not received their portions for working in the temple, people were working on the Sabbath, and many had married heathen wives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])
NEH 13 1 k1a1 בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠ה֗וּא 1 As noted for [12:43](../12/43.md) and [12:44](../12/44.md), this is a flexible expression that can mean either “on that same day” or “around that time.” Either meaning might fit the context here, so you could choose to say either one in your translation.
NEH 13 1 k1a3 figs-activepassive נִקְרָ֛א בְּ⁠סֵ֥פֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “we read from the scroll that contained the Law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 13 1 k1a3 figs-activepassive נִקְרָ֛א בְּ⁠סֵ֥פֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “we read from the scroll that contained the Law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 13 1 k9za figs-metonymy בְּ⁠אָזְנֵ֣י הָ⁠עָ֑ם 1 Here, **ears** stand for hearing. Alternate translation: “out loud so that all the people could hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NEH 13 1 k1a5 figs-idiom וְ⁠נִמְצָא֙ כָּת֣וּב בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 **Found** is an idiom that means “could be found there” or “was there.” The expression means that this was something that was in the law. And since Nehemiah and the other leaders were reading this out loud to the people, their purpose was to show them that this was in the law. Alternate translation: “and we showed them that it said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 13 1 k1a7 figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִמְצָא֙ כָּת֣וּב בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “we showed them that it said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 13 1 k1a7 figs-activepassive וְ⁠נִמְצָא֙ כָּת֣וּב בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “we showed them that it said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 13 1 k1a9 translate-names עַמֹּנִ֧י וּ⁠מֹאָבִ֛י 1 These are the names of the members of two people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 13 1 k1b1 figs-idiom יָב֨וֹא…בִּ⁠קְהַ֥ל הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים 1 The expression **assembly of God** can refer either to the entire Israelite community, as in [7:66](../07/66.md) and [8:17](../08/17.md), or to the community gathered for a legal proceeding, as in [5:7](../05/07.md) and [5:13](../05/13.md), or gathered for a religious ceremony, as in [8:2](../08/02.md) and [8:18](../08/18.md). The last meaning is probably in view here. This statement likely means that Ammonites and Moabites were not allowed to join the Israelites in their worship of Yahweh in the temple or on public occasions. For example, [9:2](../09/02.md) describes how the Israelites did not allow any foreigners to take part in their ceremony of national repentance. (Later in this chapter, in [13:23–27](../13/23.md), Nehemiah will describe how he took the further measure of expelling foreigners from the Israelite community itself.) Alternate translation: “could join with the Israelites when they worshiped Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 13 1 j6si figs-idiom עַד־עוֹלָֽם 1 This expression means that this was a permanent regulation in the Law of Moses. It was not a regulation that applied just to a specific period and that might change afterwards. Alternate translation: “This was a permanent rule.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1718,7 +1718,7 @@ NEH 13 4 k1c9 writing-background וְ⁠לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י מִ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1
NEH 13 4 k1d1 figs-metaphor וְ⁠לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י מִ⁠זֶּ֔ה 1 In this book, the expression **face** often refers figuratively to the front of a person, place, or object. Here the expression has the further figurative significance of “in front of” or “before” a certain time. Alternate translation: “before this time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 13 4 k1d3 translate-names אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ 1 This is a man’s name. See how you translated it in [3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 13 4 k1d5 figs-distinguish אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן 1 Here the book repeats some background information to remind readers who Eliashib was. As we learn in [3:1](../03/01.md), [3:20](../03/20.md), and [12:10](../12/10.md), he was actually the Jewish high priest during the time of Nehemiah. Alternate translation: “the high priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
NEH 13 4 bq8k figs-activepassive אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן נָת֖וּן 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can translate this in active form. Alternate translation: “they appointed Eliashib the priest” or “the leaders appointed Eliashib the priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 13 4 bq8k figs-activepassive אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֔ן נָת֖וּן 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate this in active form. Alternate translation: “they appointed Eliashib the priest” or “the leaders appointed Eliashib the priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 13 4 k1d7 figs-idiom נָת֖וּן בְּ⁠לִשְׁכַּ֣ת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֑י⁠נוּ 1 This is most likely a figurative way of saying that as high priest, Eliashib had responsibility for and control over all the rooms in the temple. Alternate translation: “since he had control over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 13 4 adq9 קָר֖וֹב לְ⁠טוֹבִיָּֽה 1 He was related to Tobiah Since Tobiah was an Ammonite, Eliashib could not have been his close blood relative. So this expression must refer to a connection by marriage. We learn in [6:18](../06/18.md) that both Tobiah and his son had married Jewish women, and one or both of these women may have been relatives of Eliashib. Alternate translation: “who was related to Tobiah by marriage”
NEH 13 4 c9hf figs-synecdoche בְּ⁠לִשְׁכַּ֣ת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֑י⁠נוּ 1 Here one **chamber** or room is used figuratively to mean “every chamber” or room in the temple. Alternate translation: “every room in the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1764,7 +1764,7 @@ NEH 13 11 k1k5 grammar-connect-time-sequential וָ⁠אָרִ֨יבָ⁠ה֙ 1
NEH 13 11 k1k7 figs-idiom וָ⁠אָרִ֨יבָ⁠ה֙ אֶת־הַ⁠סְּגָנִ֔ים 1 As in [5:7](../05/07.md), **contended** is a technical term that describes a public accusation that requires the defendants to answer for themselves in the presence of their fellow citizens. Alternate translation: “Then I called the city officials to account publicly for what they had allowed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 13 11 k1k9 הַ⁠סְּגָנִ֔ים 1 See how you translated this term in [2:16](../02/16.md). Alternate translation: “the city officials”
NEH 13 11 k1l1 figs-explicit וָ⁠אֹ֣מְרָ֔⁠ה 1 The implication in context is that what Nehemiah said was an accusation. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use a phrase that indicates this. Alternate translation: “I demanded to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NEH 13 11 mx4v figs-rquestion מַדּ֖וּעַ נֶעֱזַ֣ב בֵּית־הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 Nehemiah uses the question form to challenge or even ridicule the officials who have failed in the basic responsibility of making sure that worship continues in the temple. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Because of you, the temple has been abandoned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NEH 13 11 mx4v figs-rquestion מַדּ֖וּעַ נֶעֱזַ֣ב בֵּית־הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 Nehemiah uses the question form to challenge or even ridicule the officials who have failed in the basic responsibility of making sure that worship continues in the temple. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Because of you, the temple has been abandoned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NEH 13 11 k1l3 וָֽ⁠אֶ֨קְבְּצֵ֔⁠ם וָֽ⁠אַעֲמִדֵ֖⁠ם עַל־עָמְדָֽ⁠ם 1 Here, **them** refers not to the city officials but to the Levites and singers who had gone back to their farms. Alternate translation: “I brought the Levites and the singers back to the temple and I had them start doing their work again”
NEH 13 11 k1l5 grammar-connect-time-sequential וָֽ⁠אֶ֨קְבְּצֵ֔⁠ם 1 In this context, the conjunction **And** indicates that this event took place after the event the story has just described. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could show this relationship by using a word such as “then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
NEH 13 12 k1l7 grammar-connect-time-sequential וְ⁠כָל 1 In this context, the conjunction **And** indicates that this event took place after the event the story has just described. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could show this relationship by using a word such as “then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
@ -1777,7 +1777,7 @@ NEH 13 13 mu7f translate-names שֶׁלֶמְיָ֨ה הַ⁠כֹּהֵ֜ן וְ
NEH 13 13 k1m7 figs-metaphor וְ⁠עַל־יָדָ֔⁠ם 1 **At their hand** is a figurative way of saying **assisting them** Alternate translation: “I appointed to be their assistant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 13 13 k1m9 translate-names חָנָ֥ן בֶּן־זַכּ֖וּר בֶּן־מַתַּנְיָ֑ה 1 Hanan is the name of a man, Zaccur is the name of his father, and Mattaniah is the name of his grandfather. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NEH 13 13 k1n1 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 In this context, the conjunction **For** indicates that the sentence it introduces explains the reason for what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “I appointed them because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
NEH 13 13 e8x3 figs-activepassive נֶאֱמָנִים֙ נֶחְשָׁ֔בוּ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Everyone recognized that they were honest men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 13 13 e8x3 figs-activepassive נֶאֱמָנִים֙ נֶחְשָׁ֔בוּ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Everyone recognized that they were honest men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NEH 13 13 k1n3 figs-metaphor וַ⁠עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֖ם לַ⁠חֲלֹ֥ק לַ⁠אֲחֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 In this context, **brother** seems to be a figurative way of saying **fellow priests and Levites,** although it is possible that some of the biological brothers of the men listed were included in this group. **Apportion** means **give the portions,** meaning the support as described in [13:10](../13/10.md). Alternate translation: “their responsibility was to make sure that their fellow priests and Levites received the support that the law commanded the Israelites to provide” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NEH 13 14 v861 figs-idiom זָכְרָ⁠ה־לִּ֥⁠י אֱלֹהַ֖⁠י עַל־זֹ֑את 1 In this context, **remember** means to think about someone and consider what action you can take on their behalf. Nehemiah is not suggesting that God has forgotten about him. Alternate translation: “please bless me, my God, for doing this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 13 14 k1n5 figs-aside זָכְרָ⁠ה־לִּ֥⁠י אֱלֹהַ֖⁠י עַל־זֹ֑את 1 As in [4:4](../04/04.md), here Nehemiah stops addressing the audience of his story and speaks directly to God. You could indicate this by putting this verse in quotation marks. Review the note at [4:4](../04/04.md) about asides like this if that would be helpful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
@ -1824,7 +1824,7 @@ NEH 13 20 k1u1 פַּ֥עַם וּ⁠שְׁתָּֽיִם 1 Alternate translat
NEH 13 21 k1u3 figs-idiom וָ⁠אָעִ֣ידָ⁠ה בָ⁠הֶ֗ם 1 As in [9:26](../09/26.md), this phrase means, “I warned them that what they were doing was wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 13 21 k1u5 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וָ⁠אָעִ֣ידָ⁠ה 1 In this context, the conjunction **And** indicates that this event took place at the same time as the event the story has just related. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could show this relationship by using a phrase such as “each time they did this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
NEH 13 21 hi84 figs-rquestion מַדּ֜וּעַ אַתֶּ֤ם לֵנִים֙ נֶ֣גֶד הַ⁠חוֹמָ֔ה 1 As in [13:17](../13/17.md), Nehemiah is using a question form for emphasis as he scolds these merchants. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could translate what he says as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I do not allow you to spend the night just outside the city wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NEH 13 21 k1u7 מַדּ֜וּעַ אַתֶּ֤ם לֵנִים֙ נֶ֣גֶד הַ⁠חוֹמָ֔ה 1 The implication, as in [13:20](../13/20.md), is that the traders want to begin selling first thing the next morning. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I do not allow you to spend the night just outside the city wall so you can start selling your goods as soon as the Sabbath day begins”
NEH 13 21 k1u7 מַדּ֜וּעַ אַתֶּ֤ם לֵנִים֙ נֶ֣גֶד הַ⁠חוֹמָ֔ה 1 The implication, as in [13:20](../13/20.md), is that the traders want to begin selling first thing the next morning. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I do not allow you to spend the night just outside the city wall so you could start selling your goods as soon as the Sabbath day begins”
NEH 13 21 k1u9 figs-idiom אִם־תִּשְׁנ֕וּ 1 This is an idiom that means “if you do this again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 13 21 k1v1 figs-idiom יָ֖ד אֶשְׁלַ֣ח בָּ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 This is an idiom that means “I will use force against you.” Alternate translation: “I will forcibly drive you away from the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NEH 13 21 k1vv figs-metaphor יָ֖ד אֶשְׁלַ֣ח 1 Here, **hand** figuratively represents power and action. Alternate translation: “forcibly drive away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

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@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ EST 1 7 qru9 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠יֵ֥ין מַלְכ֛וּת רָ֖ב כ
EST 1 7 wpq1 figs-metonymy כְּ⁠יַ֥ד הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 according to the hand of the king Here, **hand** refers figuratively to the king himself, viewed through his action of giving. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 1 8 qtu1 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠הַ⁠שְּׁתִיָּ֥ה כַ⁠דָּ֖ת 1 the drinking was according to the law The abstract noun **drinking** refers here not to the action of drinking, but to the guidelines for serving drinks that the king had established for the banquet. Alternate translation: “Ahasuerus had established this rule for all his household attendants who served the wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 1 8 g5gu figs-explicit אֵ֣ין אֹנֵ֑ס 1 There is no compulsion This could mean one of two things: (1) No one would be stopped from drinking even if the attendants thought they had already had enough. Alternate translation: “there was to be no restriction on drinking” (2) There would be no requirement to drink. Alternate translation: “no one must be forced to drink” Either way, this was another sign of the generosity that the king showed as he hosted this banquet to thank the people who worked for him. Either he was: (1) allowing them to drink as much as they wanted to, or (2) not requiring them to eat and drink everything that was served at a banquet as guests of the king would usually be expected to do. You could say explicitly at the beginning of the verse that the king was giving his guests a special privilege. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 1 8 f6px grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי־כֵ֣ן ׀ יִסַּ֣ד הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ עַ֚ל כָּל־רַ֣ב בֵּית֔⁠וֹ לַ⁠עֲשׂ֖וֹת כִּ⁠רְצ֥וֹן אִישׁ־וָ⁠אִֽישׁ 1 for thus the king had established for every overseer of his house, to do according to the desire of man by man This explains why no one had to drink if they did not want to. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can give this explanation (the reason) before the result that it accounts for, using a connecting word like “so.” You could say, “The king had established for every overseer of his house to do according to the desire of man by man, so the drinking was according to the law, ‘There is no compulsion.’” Alternate translation: “the king made the attendants who served the wine follow this rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 1 8 f6px grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי־כֵ֣ן ׀ יִסַּ֣ד הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ עַ֚ל כָּל־רַ֣ב בֵּית֔⁠וֹ לַ⁠עֲשׂ֖וֹת כִּ⁠רְצ֥וֹן אִישׁ־וָ⁠אִֽישׁ 1 for thus the king had established for every overseer of his house, to do according to the desire of man by man This explains why no one had to drink if they did not want to. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could give this explanation (the reason) before the result that it accounts for, using a connecting word like “so.” You could say, “The king had established for every overseer of his house to do according to the desire of man by man, so the drinking was according to the law, ‘There is no compulsion.’” Alternate translation: “the king made the attendants who served the wine follow this rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 1 8 qtu3 לַ⁠עֲשׂ֖וֹת כִּ⁠רְצ֥וֹן אִישׁ־וָ⁠אִֽישׁ 1 to do according to the desire of man by man Alternate translation: “the king wanted every guest to be able to drink as much as he wanted” or “all the guests could drink as little or as much as they wanted”
EST 1 8 jdr5 figs-idiom אִישׁ־וָ⁠אִֽישׁ 1 man by man This is an idiom that means “everyone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 1 9 qtu5 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous גַּ֚ם 1 Also This introduces something else that was happening at the same time. You can indicate this by saying something like “during this time.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ EST 1 9 qti5 figs-abstractnouns בֵּ֚ית הַ⁠מַּלְכ֔וּת 1 house
EST 1 10 jv7z translate-ordinal בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֔י 1 On the seventh day Alternate translation: “after six days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 1 10 le6l figs-idiom כְּ⁠ט֥וֹב לֵב־הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ בַּ⁠יָּ֑יִן 1 when the heart of the king was pleased by the wine Here, **heart** figuratively means the action of thinking or feeling. Alternate translation: “when King Ahasuerus was in a good mood from drinking wine” or “when the king was drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 1 10 dcb2 translate-names לִ֠⁠מְהוּמָן בִּזְּתָ֨א חַרְבוֹנָ֜א בִּגְתָ֤א וַ⁠אֲבַגְתָא֙ זֵתַ֣ר וְ⁠כַרְכַּ֔ס 1 Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha and Abagtha, Zethar and Karkas These are names of seven men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 1 10 ens5 translate-unknown הַ⁠סָּ֣רִיסִ֔ים 1 the … eunuchs This term occurs a dozen times in the story. It describes male royal officials who served as guardians for the women who lived in the palace. They were both guardians of the door, to keep unwanted people out of the women’s quarters, and guardians of the women inside, to take care of them and look after their needs. (As we learn in 2:21, some of these officials also protected the king’s private quarters.) As we see here, and as will also be seen in 2:14 and 2:16, their duties included escorting women from place to place. The term likely indicates that, in keeping with the practices of the time, these men were castrated because their work brought them into such close contact with the king’s wives and concubines. If your language has a term for such an official and you think your readers would recognize it, you can use it. Otherwise, you can use a term that describes the role that these officials played in the royal court. Alternate translation: “guardians” or “officials” or “castrated servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 1 10 ens5 translate-unknown הַ⁠סָּ֣רִיסִ֔ים 1 the … eunuchs This term occurs a dozen times in the story. It describes male royal officials who served as guardians for the women who lived in the palace. They were both guardians of the door, to keep unwanted people out of the women’s quarters, and guardians of the women inside, to take care of them and look after their needs. (As we learn in 2:21, some of these officials also protected the king’s private quarters.) As we see here, and as will also be seen in 2:14 and 2:16, their duties included escorting women from place to place. The term likely indicates that, in keeping with the practices of the time, these men were castrated because their work brought them into such close contact with the king’s wives and concubines. If your language has a term for such an official and you think your readers would recognize it, you can use it. Otherwise, you could use a term that describes the role that these officials played in the royal court. Alternate translation: “guardians” or “officials” or “castrated servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 1 10 qti7 writing-background הַ⁠מְשָׁ֣רְתִ֔ים אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י הַ⁠מֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ 1 who served before the face of King Ahasuerus This is background information to explain who these men were. Alternate translation: “who attended him personally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 1 10 jdr7 figs-metonymy אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י הַ⁠מֶּ֥לֶךְ 1 the face of King Here, **face** figuratively means the presence of a person. The phrase means that these seven men served King Ahasuerus personally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 1 11 qti9 figs-explicit לְ֠⁠הָבִיא 1 to bring This is the beginning of the instructions that King Ahasuerus gave to the seven eunuchs he summoned in verse 10. You can make this explicit by saying, “He told them to bring.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ EST 1 11 asd1 figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠כֶ֣תֶר מַלְכ֑וּת 1 in a
EST 1 11 asd3 figs-explicit בְּ⁠כֶ֣תֶר מַלְכ֑וּת 1 in a crown of royalty Ahasuerus likely wanted Vashti to wear her queen’s crown so that everyone would know that she was his wife. You could say that explicitly. (For the possible reasons why he wanted them to know this, see the next note.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 1 11 asd5 writing-background לְ⁠הַרְא֨וֹת הָֽ⁠עַמִּ֤ים וְ⁠הַ⁠שָּׂרִים֙ אֶת־יָפְיָ֔⁠הּ 1 in order to show the people and the officials her beauty Everything Ahasuerus did at his banquets was to show how rich and powerful he was. He seems to have believed that having a very beautiful wife was one more thing that proved he was a great man. So he wanted everyone to see how beautiful Vashti was. You can put this second in the verse, after explaining that Vashti was a very beautiful woman, because it accounts for what happens afterwards, when the king sends his seven personal servants to bring her in to his banquet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 1 11 asd7 הָֽ⁠עַמִּ֤ים וְ⁠הַ⁠שָּׂרִים֙ 1 the people and the officials This might mean “his guests, especially the officials.”
EST 1 11 asd9 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי־טוֹבַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה הִֽיא 1 for she was pleasing of appearance If your readers would misunderstand this, you can place this first in the verse because it is the reason that explains everything else that happens afterward in the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 1 11 asd9 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי־טוֹבַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה הִֽיא 1 for she was pleasing of appearance If your readers would misunderstand this, you could place this first in the verse because it is the reason that explains everything else that happens afterward in the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 1 11 qvk4 figs-idiom כִּֽי־טוֹבַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה הִֽיא 1 she was pleasing of appearance Alternate translation: “she was very beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 1 12 asf1 figs-events וַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֞ן הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֣ה וַשְׁתִּ֗י לָ⁠בוֹא֙ 1 But the queen Vashti refused to come You can put the events in chronological order and say first that the eunuchs told Vashti what the king had commanded and then say that she refused to come**.** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
EST 1 12 asf3 figs-explicit וַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֞ן הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֣ה וַשְׁתִּ֗י לָ⁠בוֹא֙ 1 But the queen Vashti refused to come If your language needs to give a reason why she refused, it is most likely because she did not want a group of drunken men staring at her lustfully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ EST 1 16 adg5 figs-123person הַ⁠מֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹ
EST 1 17 jd17 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 For This introduces the reason why Memukan says that Queen Vashti has done wrong against all the men in the kingdom and not only against King Ahasuerus. To show that, you can begin with “This is what will happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 1 17 gn4g figs-hyperbole יֵצֵ֤א דְבַר־הַ⁠מַּלְכָּה֙ עַל־כָּל־הַ⁠נָּשִׁ֔ים 1 the matter of the queen will go out to all the women To emphasize his point, Memukan exaggerates and says that every single woman in the empire will hear about Queen Vashti refusing to obey King Ahasuerus. You could say, as UST does, that “women all over the empire” will hear about what the queen did. Or you could preserve Memukan’s manner of speaking by saying, “every woman” will hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EST 1 17 jd19 figs-metaphor לְ⁠הַבְז֥וֹת בַּעְלֵי⁠הֶ֖ן בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠הֶ֑ן 1 to make their husbands despised in their eyes Here, **eyes** stand for seeing, and seeing figuratively means knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. The phrase means that the women will treat their husbands with disrespect and not obey them. Alternate translation: “women will despise their husbands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 1 17 adg7 figs-explicit בְּ⁠אָמְרָ֗⁠ם הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֡וֹשׁ אָמַ֞ר לְ⁠הָבִ֨יא אֶת־וַשְׁתִּ֧י הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֛ה לְ⁠פָנָ֖י⁠ו וְ⁠לֹא־בָֽאָה 1 when they say, “The king Ahasuerus said to bring Vashti the queen before his face, but she did not come.” The implication is that they will go on to say, “So if even the queen can disobey the king, why should I have to obey my husband?” If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 1 17 adg7 figs-explicit בְּ⁠אָמְרָ֗⁠ם הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֡וֹשׁ אָמַ֞ר לְ⁠הָבִ֨יא אֶת־וַשְׁתִּ֧י הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֛ה לְ⁠פָנָ֖י⁠ו וְ⁠לֹא־בָֽאָה 1 when they say, “The king Ahasuerus said to bring Vashti the queen before his face, but she did not come.” The implication is that they will go on to say, “So if even the queen can disobey the king, why should I have to obey my husband?” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 1 17 adg9 grammar-connect-logic-result הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֡וֹשׁ אָמַ֞ר לְ⁠הָבִ֨יא אֶת־וַשְׁתִּ֧י הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֛ה לְ⁠פָנָ֖י⁠ו וְ⁠לֹא־בָֽאָה 1 The king Ahasuerus said to bring Vashti the queen before his face, but she did not come. The women will stop respecting their husbands after they hear about this. You can put this report about what Queen Vashti did first, before “women will stop respecting their husbands,” because it is the reason that explains that result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 1 17 jd21 figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנָ֖י⁠ו 1 before his face Here, **face** figuratively means the presence of a person. The phrase means the Queen Vashti refused to come into the presence of King Ahasuerus when he summoned her during the feast. See how you translated this in verse 11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 1 18 afg1 וְֽ⁠הַ⁠יּ֨וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֜ה 1 Now this day Alternate translation: “even today” or “even this very day”
@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ EST 1 22 jd39 figs-idiom עַ֥ם וָ⁠עָ֖ם 1 people by people This is an
EST 1 22 jd41 figs-metonymy כִּ⁠לְשׁוֹנ֑⁠וֹ 1 according to its tongue Here, **tongue** figuratively means the language spoken by a person or a group of people. Alternate translation: “in its own language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 1 22 jj9n לִ⁠הְי֤וֹת כָּל־אִישׁ֙ שֹׂרֵ֣ר בְּ⁠בֵית֔⁠וֹ 1 that every man should be ruling in his house This meant that all men should have complete authority over their wives and their children.
EST 1 22 jd43 figs-metonymy כִּ⁠לְשׁ֥וֹן עַמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 speaking according to the tongue of his people Here, **tongue** figuratively means the language spoken by a person or a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 1 22 agj7 figs-explicit כִּ⁠לְשׁ֥וֹן עַמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 speaking according to the tongue of his people The implication is that the husband ought to be able to give orders to his wife in his own native language and that she should understand and obey him, even if she had to learn his language to do so. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 1 22 agj7 figs-explicit כִּ⁠לְשׁ֥וֹן עַמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 speaking according to the tongue of his people The implication is that the husband ought to be able to give orders to his wife in his own native language and that she should understand and obey him, even if she had to learn his language to do so. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 intro eb4q 0 # Esther 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Esther becomes queen<br><br>Esther was humble and took the advice of the royal officials about how to dress for her time with the king. The king chose Esther to be the new queen.<br><br>### Mordecai warns the king against a plot<br><br>Esther’s cousin, Mordecai, discovered that two men planned to kill the king. He told Esther, who then told the king. She also gave Mordecai credit for telling her.
EST 2 1 dpc3 writing-newevent אַחַר֙ הַ⁠דְּבָרִ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה 1 After these things This introduces a new event that happened some time later, but we do not know how much later. You can show this with a phrase like “After some time had passed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST 2 1 e4lp כְּ⁠שֹׁ֕ךְ חֲמַ֖ת הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ 1 when the rage of the king Ahasuerus subsided Alternate translation: “when King Ahasuerus was not angry any more” or “when King Ahasuerus became less angry”
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ EST 2 1 xpt9 figs-explicit אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֔תָה וְ⁠אֵ֥ת אֲ
EST 2 1 agk1 figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁר־נִגְזַ֖ר עָלֶֽי⁠הָ 1 what had been decided You can say this with an active form, and you can say that the king performed the action. Alternate translation: “what he had decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 2 agk3 translate-unknown נַעֲרֵֽי־הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ מְשָׁרְתָ֑י⁠ו 1 the young men of the king who serve him These were not the older, wiser royal advisors whom Ahasuerus consulted in [1:13](../01/13.md), but younger men who stood nearby the king ready to help with any practical needs. You could call them his personal servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 2 2 agk5 figs-explicit יְבַקְשׁ֥וּ לַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ נְעָר֥וֹת 1 Let them seek for the king young women Implicit in this suggestion is the idea, “You should get a new wife for yourself.” You can say that explicitly at the beginning of the advice that the young men gave to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 2 s4hv writing-participants יְבַקְשׁ֥וּ 1 Let them seek **Them** refers to the servants that the king would send to do this. If this is unclear, you can say “servants” or “your servants.” Be sure to express this in a form that shows that it is a not a command but a respectful suggestion such as “You could send some men Alternate translation: “to look for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EST 2 2 s4hv writing-participants יְבַקְשׁ֥וּ 1 Let them seek **Them** refers to the servants that the king would send to do this. If this is unclear, you could say “servants” or “your servants.” Be sure to express this in a form that shows that it is a not a command but a respectful suggestion such as “You could send some men Alternate translation: “to look for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EST 2 2 zi03 figs-123person לַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ 1 for the king The young men speak to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternatively, you could have them say “for yourself” or “on your behalf” if that would be clear but also respectful in your language (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 2 2 jd45 figs-idiom טוֹב֥וֹת מַרְאֶֽה 1 pleasing of appearance As in 1:11, this is an idiom that means very beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 2 3 g9vp figs-123person וְ⁠יַפְקֵ֨ד הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ 1 And let the king appoint The young men speak to the king in third person as a sign of respect. Alternatively, you could have them say “you could appoint” in a respectful way (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ EST 2 5 zxc3 translate-names מָרְדֳּכַ֗י 1 Mordecai This is a man’s
EST 2 5 q2rz translate-names בֶּ֣ן יָאִ֧יר בֶּן־שִׁמְעִ֛י בֶּן־קִ֖ישׁ 1 the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish These are men’s names. Jair, Shimei, and Kish are Mordecai’s male ancestors. You could say, “Mordecai was the son of Jair, who was the son of Shimei, who was the son of Kish,” or see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 2 5 kw5t אִ֥ישׁ יְמִינִֽי 1 a man, a Benjamite While this likely refers to Kish, it is necessarily also true of Mordecai, and you could put it second in the verse. That way Mordecai’s nationality would come first, then his tribe, and then his family and clan. Alternate translation: “from the tribe of Benjamin”
EST 2 6 zxc5 writing-background אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָגְלָה֙ מִ⁠יר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יִם עִם־הַ⁠גֹּלָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָגְלְתָ֔ה עִ֖ם יְכָנְיָ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶגְלָ֔ה נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל 1 who had been exiled from Jerusalem with the captives who had been exiled along with Jehoiachin, the king of Judah, who Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had exiled The story now tells about something that happened many years before. This is background information that explains how this Jewish family came to live in Susa. You can introduce this by saying something like, “Many years earlier.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 2 6 z7fe figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָגְלָה֙ מִ⁠יר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יִם 1 who had been exiled from Jerusalem If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon had taken Kish away from Jerusalem along with some other captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 6 z7fe figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָגְלָה֙ מִ⁠יר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יִם 1 who had been exiled from Jerusalem If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon had taken Kish away from Jerusalem along with some other captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 6 egm7 writing-background אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָגְלָה֙ מִ⁠יר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יִם 1 who had been exiled from Jerusalem You can bring this information forward from later in the verse because it provides background information that helps identify Mordecai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 2 6 zxc7 figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָגְלָה֙ מִ⁠יר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יִם 1 who had been exiled from Jerusalem If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say where King Nebuchadnezzar brought the people that he took away from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “had taken Kish away from Jerusalem … and brought him to Babylon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 6 zxc9 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous עִ֖ם 1 along with This means that the two things happened at the same time. You can indicate this with a phrase like “at the same time that he took.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
@ -219,15 +219,15 @@ EST 2 11 jd81 figs-idiom וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־י֣וֹם וָ⁠י֔וֹם 1 An
EST 2 11 abd1 מָרְדֳּכַי֙ מִתְהַלֵּ֔ךְ 1 Mordecai was walking about Express this in the way your language describes an action that someone repeats over and over. For example, you can say, “Mordecai would walk around.”
EST 2 11 jd83 figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י חֲצַ֣ר 1 before the face of the courtyard Here, **face** figuratively means the front of a place. So you could say, “in front of the courtyard.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 2 11 abd2 בֵּית־הַ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים 1 the house of women Alternate translation: “the harem for virgins”
EST 2 11 abd3 grammar-connect-logic-result לָ⁠דַ֨עַת֙ אֶת־שְׁל֣וֹם אֶסְתֵּ֔ר וּ⁠מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה בָּֽ⁠הּ 1 in order to know the welfare of Esther and what was being done with her This is background information that explains why Mordecai would walk around in front of the courtyard. It was so that he could ask people who were going into or coming out of the courtyard how Esther was doing. You can place this first in the verse because it explains the rest of what is said, If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 2 11 abd3 grammar-connect-logic-result לָ⁠דַ֨עַת֙ אֶת־שְׁל֣וֹם אֶסְתֵּ֔ר וּ⁠מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה בָּֽ⁠הּ 1 in order to know the welfare of Esther and what was being done with her This is background information that explains why Mordecai would walk around in front of the courtyard. It was so that he could ask people who were going into or coming out of the courtyard how Esther was doing. you could place this first in the verse because it explains the rest of what is said, If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 2 11 nz1p שְׁל֣וֹם אֶסְתֵּ֔ר 1 the welfare of Esther Alternate translation: “how Esther was doing” or “about Esther’s well-being”
EST 2 11 abd4 figs-parallelism שְׁל֣וֹם אֶסְתֵּ֔ר וּ⁠מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה בָּֽ⁠הּ 1 the welfare of Esther and what was being done with her These two phrases mean similar things. The story is using the repetition to emphasize how concerned Mordecai was for Esther. You could combine them and say, “how Esther was doing” or “if Esther was all right.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EST 2 12 jcj8 writing-background וּ⁠בְ⁠הַגִּ֡יעַ 1 Now when … came Verses 12 to 14 are background information about how the virgins who were gathered for the king became his concubines. These verses are not specifically about Esther, but about the women in general. Use your language’s way of letting your readers know that this is background information by using a connecting word or a phrase such as, “This is how virgins became concubines for the king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 2 12 jd85 figs-idiom נַעֲרָ֨ה וְ⁠נַעֲרָ֜ה 1 young woman by young woman Alternate translation: “each one of the young women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 2 12 abd5 figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠הַגִּ֡יעַ תֹּר֩…לָ⁠ב֣וֹא ׀ אֶל־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ 1 when the turn came … to go to the king Ahasuerus Each of these young women was going to have sexual relations with the king and, as a result, legally become one of his concubines, that is, one of his secondary wives. As the story has already explained, he would then choose one of them to become his queen and primary wife. But the king would still provide for each of the concubines for the rest of her life; they would not be free to marry anyone else. This is something that the story’s original audience would have understood implicitly. You can say it explicitly if your readers need this information to understand the story: “Each young woman in the harem, one at a time, was going to have sexual relations with King Ahasuerus and become one of his concubines” or “one of his secondary wives.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 12 abd5 figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠הַגִּ֡יעַ תֹּר֩…לָ⁠ב֣וֹא ׀ אֶל־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ 1 when the turn came … to go to the king Ahasuerus Each of these young women was going to have sexual relations with the king and, as a result, legally become one of his concubines, that is, one of his secondary wives. As the story has already explained, he would then choose one of them to become his queen and primary wife. But the king would still provide for each of the concubines for the rest of her life; they would not be free to marry anyone else. This is something that the story’s original audience would have understood implicitly. you could say it explicitly if your readers need this information to understand the story: “Each young woman in the harem, one at a time, was going to have sexual relations with King Ahasuerus and become one of his concubines” or “one of his secondary wives.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 12 p7i5 translate-unknown כְּ⁠דָ֤ת הַ⁠נָּשִׁים֙ 1 according to the law of women Here, **law** probably does not mean a legal decree, but rather a standard regimen that had been developed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 2 12 abd7 writing-background כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יִמְלְא֖וּ יְמֵ֣י מְרוּקֵי⁠הֶ֑ן 1 For thus the days of their beautification would be fulfilled This phrase indicates that the story is now going to provide background information on how these treatments were done. It means, “This is how these women would spend the time preparing to go to the king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST 2 12 abd8 figs-explicit שִׁשָּׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ בְּ⁠שֶׁ֣מֶן הַ⁠מֹּ֔ר 1 six months by oil of myrrh This means that a woman’s attendants would rub her body with olive oil mixed with myrrh every day for six months. You can explain this in more detail if your readers need this information to understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 12 abd8 figs-explicit שִׁשָּׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ בְּ⁠שֶׁ֣מֶן הַ⁠מֹּ֔ר 1 six months by oil of myrrh This means that a woman’s attendants would rub her body with olive oil mixed with myrrh every day for six months. you could explain this in more detail if your readers need this information to understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 12 abd9 בְּ⁠שֶׁ֣מֶן הַ⁠מֹּ֔ר 1 by oil of myrrh This likely means “olive oil mixed with myrrh.”
EST 2 12 zhd1 translate-unknown וּ⁠בְ⁠תַמְרוּקֵ֖י הַ⁠נָּשִֽׁים 1 and by the ointments of women This means lotions designed for women. In 2:3 and 2:9, this one specific part of the program seems to be used figuratively to mean all of it, and so in those verses it can be translated “beauty treatments.” But it should be translated with a specific term or phrase here, such as “women’s lotions” or “feminine ointments” because it is named along with oils and perfumes as one component of the treatment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 2 13 abd0 וּ⁠בָ⁠זֶ֕ה 1 Then at this Alternate translation: “after a woman’s year of beauty treatments was completed”
@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ EST 2 13 abe1 figs-explicit כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאמַ֜ר יִנָּ
EST 2 13 v133 figs-activepassive כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאמַ֜ר יִנָּ֤תֵֽן לָ⁠הּ֙ 1 Anything that she said would be given to her You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “she could take whatever she wanted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 13 xx9x בֵּ֥ית 2 the house of Alternate translation: “the king’s rooms” or “the king’s house” or “the king’s palace”
EST 2 13 abe3 בֵּ֥ית הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 the house of the king Alternate translation: “the king’s rooms” or “the king’s house” or “the king’s palace”
EST 2 14 abe4 figs-explicit הִ֣יא בָאָ֗ה 1 she would go She would not walk over on her own. Rather, the king’s servants would come and bring her to the king’s private quarters, in the way that they were told to bring Vashti to the banquet in [1:11](../01/11.md). You can say this explicitly if it would help your readers to understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 14 abe4 figs-explicit הִ֣יא בָאָ֗ה 1 she would go She would not walk over on her own. Rather, the king’s servants would come and bring her to the king’s private quarters, in the way that they were told to bring Vashti to the banquet in [1:11](../01/11.md). you could say this explicitly if it would help your readers to understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 14 ded5 figs-explicit וּ֠⁠בַ⁠בֹּקֶר הִ֣יא שָׁבָ֞ה 1 and in the morning she would return to It is implied that this is the following morning. This information can be made clear. Once again, she would not go on her own. Alternate translation: “the next morning the king’s servants would bring her to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 14 lq9h translate-ordinal בֵּ֤ית הַ⁠נָּשִׁים֙ שֵׁנִ֔י 1 the second house of women Alternate translations: “a different house for women” or “the harem for concubines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 2 14 yw63 אֶל־יַ֧ד שַֽׁעֲשְׁגַ֛ז סְרִ֥יס הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַ⁠פִּֽילַגְשִׁ֑ים 1 into the hand of Shaashgaz, the eunuch of the king who was overseer of the concubines Alternate translation: “where Shaashgaz, the king’s servant in charge of the concubines, would take care of her”
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ EST 2 15 jk51 figs-distinguish בַּת־אֲבִיחַ֣יִל דֹּ֣ד מָ
EST 2 15 mg8y translate-names אֲבִיחַ֣יִל 1 Abihail This man was Esther’s father and Mordecai’s uncle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 2 15 qx3u figs-doublenegatives לֹ֤א בִקְשָׁה֙ דָּבָ֔ר כִּ֠י אִ֣ם אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאמַ֛ר הֵגַ֥י 1 she did not ask for anything except what Hegai … said You can state this in a positive form by saying, “she asked only for.” Alternate translation: “she did not ask for anything else to wear except” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EST 2 15 vw9r אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאמַ֛ר הֵגַ֥י 1 what Hegai … said Alternate translation: “what Hegai recommended” or “what Hegai suggested”
EST 2 15 abf1 figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאמַ֛ר הֵגַ֥י 1 what Hegai … said As the king’s personal servant, **Hegai** would have known what kind of clothing and jewelry Ahasuerus found attractive on a woman. By following his advice, Esther showed that she trusted Hegai. This is implicit information that you can make explicit if it would help the reader to understand the story. You might say, for example, “Hegai knew the king’s preferences because he was his personal servant. Esther had come to trust Hegai and so she followed his advice.” This could go at the end of the verse or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 15 abf1 figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאמַ֛ר הֵגַ֥י 1 what Hegai … said As the king’s personal servant, **Hegai** would have known what kind of clothing and jewelry Ahasuerus found attractive on a woman. By following his advice, Esther showed that she trusted Hegai. This is implicit information that you could make explicit if it would help the reader to understand the story. You might say, for example, “Hegai knew the king’s preferences because he was his personal servant. Esther had come to trust Hegai and so she followed his advice.” This could go at the end of the verse or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 15 abf2 figs-distinguish סְרִיס־הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים 1 the eunuch of the king who was overseer of the women This is saying that Hegai was the royal official responsible for the women in the harem for virgins. This is background information that reminds the reader who Hegai was by describing his responsibilities. You could also move this to the end of the verse and put it in parentheses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
EST 2 15 abf3 translate-unknown סְרִיס־הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ 1 the eunuch of the king See how you decided to translate the term **eunuch** in [1:10](../01/10.md). You could say “royal” for “of the king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 2 15 z519 figs-idiom נֹשֵׂ֣את חֵ֔ן בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֖י כָּל־רֹאֶֽי⁠הָ 1 a lifter of favor in the eyes of every man who saw her This is a rare expression in Hebrew, and the exact meaning is uncertain. In this context, the expression probably means that everyone who saw Esther dressed in the clothes she would wear for her visit to the king was very impressed with the way she looked. Alternate translation: “pleased all who saw her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ EST 2 18 b1hd translate-names מִשְׁתֵּ֣ה אֶסְתֵּ֑ר 1 the feas
EST 2 18 ufm8 translate-unknown וַ⁠הֲנָחָ֤ה לַ⁠מְּדִינוֹת֙ עָשָׂ֔ה 1 And he made a holiday for the provinces This was probably a “tax holiday,” that is, a temporary elimination of taxes. For a time, the provinces did not have to send in the usual taxes to the king. You could say something like “he proclaimed a temporary reprieve from taxes for all the provinces of his empire.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 2 18 jd95 figs-metonymy כְּ⁠יַ֥ד הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 according to the hand of the king Here, **hand** figuratively represents the action of doing or giving. The phrase means that King Ahasuerus personally gave lavish gifts to the guests at this feast. You could say something like “with royal generosity” or “with great willingness to give” or “with generosity that only a king can give.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 2 19 g38f grammar-connect-time-sequential וּ⁠בְ⁠הִקָּבֵ֥ץ בְּתוּל֖וֹת שֵׁנִ֑ית 1 Now when virgins were being gathered a second time Since this happened some time after Esther’s Feast, you can show this by using a connecting phrase such as “some time later.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
EST 2 19 p842 figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠הִקָּבֵ֥ץ בְּתוּל֖וֹת שֵׁנִ֑ית 1 Now when virgins were being gathered a second time The most likely explanation for this is that Ahasuerus decided he would like to have more concubines. You can say this explicitly if it will help the readers to understand the story. He probably believed that having a large number of concubines was another thing that would show he was a great king. To do so, you could add: “because Ahasuerus decided that he would like to have more concubines.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 19 p842 figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠הִקָּבֵ֥ץ בְּתוּל֖וֹת שֵׁנִ֑ית 1 Now when virgins were being gathered a second time The most likely explanation for this is that Ahasuerus decided he would like to have more concubines. you could say this explicitly if it will help the readers to understand the story. He probably believed that having a large number of concubines was another thing that would show he was a great king. To do so, you could add: “because Ahasuerus decided that he would like to have more concubines.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 2 19 abg2 figs-activepassive וּ⁠בְ⁠הִקָּבֵ֥ץ בְּתוּל֖וֹת שֵׁנִ֑ית 1 Now when virgins were being gathered a second time You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. For example, you can say, “at the time when the king’s officers were gathering virgins for a second time.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 2 19 ang3 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וּ⁠בְ⁠הִקָּבֵ֥ץ בְּתוּל֖וֹת שֵׁנִ֑ית וּ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֖י 1 Now when … were being gathered … Mordecai … then This indicates that the information about Mordecai explains what he was doing at this same time. You can use a phrase such as “during this time” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
EST 2 19 a23f figs-idiom וּ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֖י יֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּ⁠שַֽׁעַר־הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 Mordecai was then sitting at the gate of the king Possible meanings are: (1) **Sitting at the king’s gate** is an idiom meaning that Mordecai worked for the king in some capacity and was stationed at the gate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) (2) Mordecai sat there so he could hear about how Esther was doing from the many people who passed through the gate.
@ -315,22 +315,22 @@ EST 3 1 ptm4 figs-idiom כִּסְא֔⁠וֹ 1 his seat of authority Here, **se
EST 3 1 abi1 figs-abstractnouns כִּסְא֔⁠וֹ 1 his seat of authority If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **authority**, you could express the same idea with a concrete noun for this whole phrase. For example, you can say, “his position.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 3 1 abi2 מֵ⁠עַ֕ל כָּל־הַ⁠שָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 from over all the officials who were with him **Him** in this phrase may refer to the king. You could say that “the king promoted him above his other officials” or “gave him more authority than all of his other officials” or that “Haman became more important than all of his other officials.”
EST 3 2 abi3 figs-metonymy וְ⁠כָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּ⁠שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ 1 Then all the servants of the king who were at the gate of the king Here, the **gate of the king**, probably the entrance to the citadel, may figuratively represent the citadel itself, the place where these people served the king. The citadel, in turn, would represent everyone who served the king. So you could say just “all the king’s other servants.” However, this may also be a reference to the specific group of officials who were stationed at the gate, the way Mordecai was. Alternate translation: “the royal officials who were stationed at the palace gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 3 2 abi4 figs-explicit וְ⁠כָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ…כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ לְ⁠הָמָ֔ן 1 all the servants of the king … were bowing down and prostrating themselves to Haman The servants were required to do this as a way of honoring him whenever Haman walked by. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 2 abi4 figs-explicit וְ⁠כָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ…כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ לְ⁠הָמָ֔ן 1 all the servants of the king … were bowing down and prostrating themselves to Haman The servants were required to do this as a way of honoring him whenever Haman walked by. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 2 e25k translate-symaction כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ 1 were bowing down and prostrating themselves This means that the other officials humbled themselves and lay flat on the ground before Haman. These actions represented recognition and respect for the very high position that the king had given him in the Persian government. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 3 2 abi5 figs-doublet כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ 1 were bowing down and prostrating themselves These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that the officials knew how important it was to obey the king’s command and honor Haman in this way. You could combine them as UST does and say something like “bow down all the way to the ground.” Alternate translation: “bowing and lying down on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 3 2 fg8v וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ 1 and prostrating themselves to Haman This means bowing down all the way to the ground.
EST 3 2 jd99 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣⁠וֹ 1 for thus the king had commanded concerning him If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put this information first in the verse because it explains the reason why all the other officials were bowing to Haman. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 3 2 jd99 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣⁠וֹ 1 for thus the king had commanded concerning him If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this information first in the verse because it explains the reason why all the other officials were bowing to Haman. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 3 2 abi6 figs-explicit כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣⁠וֹ 1 for thus the king had commanded concerning him The king did this as a sign of Haman’s new position. You can state this here or in a separate sentence, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “the king had commanded them to do this in order to show that he had given Haman such a high position” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 2 abi7 figs-parallelism וּ⁠מָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה 1 But Mordecai would neither bow down nor would he prostrate himself These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize how serious an offense this was against the king’s command and how much determination it took for Mordecai to remain standing. You could combine these phrases as UST does and say, “But Mordecai refused to bow down to Haman.” Alternate translation: “Mordecai did not bow down or lie on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EST 3 2 abi8 figs-explicit וּ⁠מָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה 1 But Mordecai would neither bow down nor would he prostrate himself It appears that as a Jew, Mordecai considered it wrong to worship anyone other than Yahweh, and that he believed he would be worshiping Haman if he bowed down low to the ground to honor him. So, on religious grounds, Mordecai refused to bow down. You can say this explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 2 abi8 figs-explicit וּ⁠מָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה 1 But Mordecai would neither bow down nor would he prostrate himself It appears that as a Jew, Mordecai considered it wrong to worship anyone other than Yahweh, and that he believed he would be worshiping Haman if he bowed down low to the ground to honor him. So, on religious grounds, Mordecai refused to bow down. you could say this explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 3 abi9 עַבְדֵ֥י הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּ⁠שַׁ֥עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ 1 the servants of the king who were at the gate of the king See how you translated this expression at the beginning of [3:2](../03/02.md).
EST 3 3 abj0 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ…לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 said to Mordecai They spoke to Mordecai because they saw that he did not bow down. You can say this explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. You can say, for example, “The other officials saw that, and they asked Mordecai.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 3 abj0 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ…לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 said to Mordecai They spoke to Mordecai because they saw that he did not bow down. You can say this explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. you could say, for example, “The other officials saw that, and they asked Mordecai.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 3 abj1 מַדּ֨וּעַ֙ אַתָּ֣ה עוֹבֵ֔ר אֵ֖ת מִצְוַ֥ת הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 Why are you trespassing the command of the king? Alternative translation: “why are you disobeying the king’s command” or “why are you not obeying what the king commanded”
EST 3 4 jd3r figs-explicit ב⁠אמר⁠ם אֵלָי⁠ו֙ 1 when they spoke to him This means that they spoke to him about not bowing down. Specifically, they warned him that he would be severely punished if he kept disobeying the king and not honoring his highest official. You can say that explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 4 jd3r figs-explicit ב⁠אמר⁠ם אֵלָי⁠ו֙ 1 when they spoke to him This means that they spoke to him about not bowing down. Specifically, they warned him that he would be severely punished if he kept disobeying the king and not honoring his highest official. you could say that explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 4 jd1r figs-idiom י֣וֹם וָ⁠י֔וֹם 1 day by day This expression means “every day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 3 4 abj2 figs-idiom וַ⁠יְהִ֗י ב⁠אמר⁠ם אֵלָי⁠ו֙…וְ⁠לֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 Now it happened that, when they spoke … he did not listen to them. Here, **he did not listen** means he did not heed their warning or he did not do what they said. Mordecai heard them, but he did not do what they advised him to do. This means that even though the other officials questioned him and probably warned him, he still refused to bow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 3 4 uek4 figs-idiom וַ⁠יַּגִּ֣ידוּ לְ⁠הָמָ֗ן לִ⁠רְאוֹת֙ הֲ⁠יַֽעַמְדוּ֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י מָרְדֳּכַ֔י 1 So they told Haman to see if the words of Mordecai would stand In this context, **standing** figuratively means to survive a challenge, and **words** means the reasons that Mordecai gave for his actions. This phrase means that the other officials told Haman about it to see if he would tolerate it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 3 4 abj3 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥יד לָ⁠הֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא יְהוּדִֽי 1 for he had told them that he was a Jew This is the answer that Mordecai gave the other officials when they asked him why he refused to bow down to Haman. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put it first in the verse because it explains everything that happens afterwards. Alternate translation: “Mordecai told them that he was a Jew, and that Jews would bow down only to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 3 4 abj3 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥יד לָ⁠הֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא יְהוּדִֽי 1 for he had told them that he was a Jew This is the answer that Mordecai gave the other officials when they asked him why he refused to bow down to Haman. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put it first in the verse because it explains everything that happens afterwards. Alternate translation: “Mordecai told them that he was a Jew, and that Jews would bow down only to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 3 4 abj4 figs-explicit כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥יד לָ⁠הֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא יְהוּדִֽי 1 for he had told them that he was a Jew Mordecai’s explanation would have included the fact that Jews would only worship Yahweh. You could say that explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 5 abj5 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יַּ֣רְא הָמָ֔ן 1 The Haman saw Here, **seeing** figuratively means knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. This phrase means that Haman learned about this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 3 5 njt5 figs-parallelism אֵ֣ין מָרְדֳּכַ֔י כֹּרֵ֥עַ וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה ל֑⁠וֹ 1 Mordecai would neither bow down nor prostrate himself to him These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize how serious an offense this was. You could combine them as UST does and say, “Mordecai was refusing to bow down to him.” Alternate translation: “Mordecai would not bow down or lie on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ EST 3 7 tw99 translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁנַת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣ים עֶש
EST 3 7 g4lt translate-names הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ ה֨וּא הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֜ל 1 a Pur (which is “the lot”) The storyteller is giving both the Persian and the Hebrew name because this is the story behind the Festival of Purim, which takes its name from “Pur.” So this is not repetition for emphasis. You can put in the Persian name and the word for “lot” in your own language to show that the storyteller is doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 3 7 abk3 translate-unknown הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֜ל 1 the lot A **lot** was an object with different markings on various sides that was used, most likely by dropping it on the ground, to select a specific time for doing something. The belief was that God or the gods would control which way the object fell, thus guiding the selection process and granting favor to the action if it were done on the date chosen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 3 7 abk4 figs-activepassive הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ 1 a Pur … was cast You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. You can say, for example, “Haman had his servants cast a Pur.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 7 abk5 grammar-connect-logic-result הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ 1 a Pur … was cast If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put this information first because it explains the rest of what happens in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 3 7 abk5 grammar-connect-logic-result הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ 1 a Pur … was cast If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this information first because it explains the rest of what happens in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 3 7 j13r figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הָמָ֗ן 1 before the face of Haman Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. In this context, the phrase means that Haman was physically present when the lot was cast. Alternate translation: “as Haman watched” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 3 7 j15r מִ⁠יּ֧וֹם ׀ לְ⁠י֛וֹם וּ⁠מֵ⁠חֹ֛דֶשׁ לְ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ 1 from day to day and from month to month This expression means that the lot was cast to select a particular day of the month and a particular month of the year.
EST 3 7 j17r figs-explicit מִ⁠יּ֧וֹם ׀ לְ⁠י֛וֹם וּ⁠מֵ⁠חֹ֛דֶשׁ לְ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ 1 from day to day and from month to month Haman was casting the lot to determine the best day and the best month to kill the Jews. You can say that explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. Alternate translation: “to determine the best day and the best month to kill the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ EST 3 8 bf9g וְ⁠לַ⁠מֶּ֥לֶךְ אֵין־שֹׁוֶ֖ה לְ⁠ה
EST 3 8 j19r figs-123person וְ⁠לַ⁠מֶּ֥לֶךְ 1 no profit to the king Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. You could express the same meaning in the second person by saying, “not good for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 3 9 abl1 figs-123person אִם־עַל־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֔וֹב 1 If it is good to the king Haman speaks to the king in third person as a form of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 3 9 abl2 figs-idiom אִם־עַל־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֔וֹב 1 If it is good to the king See how you decided to translate this idiom in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “if it seems like a good idea to you, O king” or “if the king thinks this is a good idea” or “if this advice is pleasing to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 3 9 abl3 figs-activepassive יִכָּתֵ֖ב 1 let it be written You can say this with an active form, and you can say who would do the action. For example, you can say, “the king could write a decree” or “you could write a decree.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 9 abl3 figs-activepassive יִכָּתֵ֖ב 1 let it be written You can say this with an active form, and you can say who would do the action. For example, you could say, “the king could write a decree” or “you could write a decree.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 9 abl4 לְ⁠אַבְּדָ֑⁠ם 1 to destroy them This means that the decree would say that all the Jews should be killed.
EST 3 9 eh3w figs-idiom אֶשְׁקוֹל֙ עַל־יְדֵי֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י הַ⁠מְּלָאכָ֔ה 1 I will weigh out … into the hands of the doers of the work This could mean either of two possibilities: (1) Haman could mean that the king’s men will be able to collect a huge amount of money from the plunder that they would get from the Jews. Referring to the weight would be a way of saying, “I guarantee that it will be at least that much.” This reasoning agrees with 3:13, where the king’s letter specifies that those who kill the Jews can take their plunder. Alternate translation: “we will get so much plunder that the officers you send will be able to bring back” (Also see UST) (2) “**Weigh out into the hands**” could be an idiom that means Haman himself will pay the officers who will put the plan into effect. Haman will not do this personally, but it means that he will take responsibility for paying them from his own resources. Alternate translation: “From my own resources I will pay … to the men who do the work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 3 9 lhv5 translate-bmoney וַ⁠עֲשֶׂ֨רֶת אֲלָפִ֜ים כִּכַּר־כֶּ֗סֶף 1 10,000 talents of silver This would be worth over $300 million at current prices today. But since prices vary over time, if you expressed the value in modern measurements, that could cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate. Instead you could express the amount using the ancient measurement, the talent, and explain in a note that a talent was equivalent to about 30 kilograms. Alternatively, you could specify the weight of the silver in the text, as UST does in metric tons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ EST 3 9 vm59 figs-hyperbole וַ⁠עֲשֶׂ֨רֶת אֲלָפִ֜ים כִּ
EST 3 9 abl5 עֹשֵׂ֣י הַ⁠מְּלָאכָ֔ה 1 the doers of the work This could mean: (1) those who work for the king in general (administrators) or (2) more specifically the officers whom Ahasuerus would send around the empire to organize the killing of the Jews.
EST 3 9 abl7 figs-123person גִּנְזֵ֥י הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 the treasuries of the king Haman speaks to the king in third person as a form of respect. You could also have him speak of “your royal treasuries.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 3 10 abl8 figs-explicit וַ⁠יָּ֧סַר הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־טַבַּעְתּ֖⁠וֹ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל יָד֑⁠וֹ וַֽ⁠יִּתְּנָ֗⁠הּ לְ⁠הָמָ֧ן 1 Then the king removed his signet from on his hand, and he gave it to Haman The implication is that Ahasuerus thought that Haman’s suggestion was a good idea and he agreed to it. You could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king agreed that this was a good idea, so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 10 abl9 translate-symaction וַ⁠יָּ֧סַר הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־טַבַּעְתּ֖⁠וֹ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל יָד֑⁠וֹ וַֽ⁠יִּתְּנָ֗⁠הּ לְ⁠הָמָ֧ן 1 Then the king removed his signet ring from on his hand **Giving the ring to Haman** showed that Haman could act on the king’s own authority. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king gave Haman the power to act on his authority to carry out the plan. To show that, he gave Haman the ring he wore that had his official seal on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 3 10 abl9 translate-symaction וַ⁠יָּ֧סַר הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־טַבַּעְתּ֖⁠וֹ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל יָד֑⁠וֹ וַֽ⁠יִּתְּנָ֗⁠הּ לְ⁠הָמָ֧ן 1 Then the king removed his signet ring from on his hand **Giving the ring to Haman** showed that Haman could act on the king’s own authority. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king gave Haman the power to act on his authority to carry out the plan. To show that, he gave Haman the ring he wore that had his official seal on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 3 10 c9md translate-unknown טַבַּעְתּ֖⁠וֹ 1 his signet ring This was a special ring that could be used to imprint the king’s official seal on a law or decree. This ring had the king’s name or mark on it. When he put a wax seal on important papers, he would press the mark onto the seal. If a paper had this mark on its seal, people would know that what was written on the paper was written with the king’s authority and had to be obeyed. You could describe this as “the ring he wore that had his official seal on it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 3 10 abm0 בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא הָ⁠אֲגָגִ֖י 1 the son of Hammedatha the Agagite This information about Haman’s identity is repeated to stress that the king giving him the signet ring was an official legal act that transferred power to him. (In the same way, legal documents today often use a person’s full name and other identifying information.) If you repeat this information in your own translation, your readers should see this significance.
EST 3 10 abm1 figs-distinguish צֹרֵ֥ר הַ⁠יְּהוּדִֽים 1 the adversary of the Jews This phrase gives clarifying information about Haman. It means that he had become “the enemy of the Jews.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ EST 3 12 j23r figs-idiom מְדִינָ֣ה וּ⁠מְדִינָ֗ה 1 province
EST 3 12 abm7 שָׂ֤רֵי עַם֙ וָ⁠עָ֔ם 1 the officials of people by people Alternate translation: “the leaders of each people group”
EST 3 12 j25r figs-idiom עַם֙ וָ⁠עָ֔ם 1 people by people This expression means every people group**.** See how you translated this in [1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 3 12 j27r figs-idiom מְדִינָ֤ה וּ⁠מְדִינָה֙ כִּ⁠כְתָבָ֔⁠הּ 1 province by province according to its writing See how you translated this in [1:22](../01/22.md). Alternate translation: “to each province using its own alphabet” or “written in its own script” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 3 12 abm8 figs-explicit מְדִינָ֤ה וּ⁠מְדִינָה֙ כִּ⁠כְתָבָ֔⁠הּ 1 province by province according to its writing The implication is that the scribes translated the letter and sent it to each province using its own alphabet. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 12 abm8 figs-explicit מְדִינָ֤ה וּ⁠מְדִינָה֙ כִּ⁠כְתָבָ֔⁠הּ 1 province by province according to its writing The implication is that the scribes translated the letter and sent it to each province using its own alphabet. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 12 j31r figs-idiom וְ⁠עַ֥ם וָ⁠עָ֖ם כִּ⁠לְשׁוֹנ֑⁠וֹ 1 and to people by people according to its own tongue See how you translated this expression in [1:22](../01/22.md). Alternate translation: “and to each people group in its own language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 3 12 j33r figs-metonymy כִּ⁠לְשׁוֹנ֑⁠וֹ 1 according to its tongue Here, **tongue** is a metonym meaning the language spoken by a person or a group of people. Alternate translation: “according to its language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 3 12 abm9 figs-metaphor בְּ⁠שֵׁ֨ם הַ⁠מֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ נִכְתָּ֔ב 1 In the name of the king Ahasuerus it was written There are two This could mean: (1) Here, **name** could mean the authority of the king. This would be saying that Haman’s letter had the same authority as it would have had if the king had sent it himself. Alternate translation: “Haman sent the letter under the king’s own authority” (2) However, this could also mean that Haman actually had the scribes sign the king’s name to the letter. Alternate translation: “they signed the king’s name at the end of the letters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ EST 3 13 xs6g figs-doublet לְ⁠הַשְׁמִ֡יד לַ⁠הֲרֹ֣ג וּ
EST 3 13 abn1 figs-merism מִ⁠נַּ֨עַר וְ⁠עַד־זָקֵ֜ן 1 from young even to old This is a figure of speech that figuratively describes all of something by naming two extreme parts of it in order to include everything in between. You could express its meaning as UST does and say something like “every single one of them.” Alternate translation: “including young people and old people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EST 3 13 abn2 טַ֤ף וְ⁠נָשִׁים֙ 1 children and women Alternate translation: “including the children and the women”
EST 3 13 j35r translate-numbers בְּ⁠י֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד 1 on one day Alternate translation: “on a single day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 3 13 abn3 figs-explicit בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר 1 on the thirteenth of the twelfth month Implicitly, this means “the thirteenth day of the twelfth month of that same year.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 13 abn3 figs-explicit בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר 1 on the thirteenth of the twelfth month Implicitly, this means “the thirteenth day of the twelfth month of that same year.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 13 g5br translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר 1 on the thirteenth Alternate translation: “on day thirteen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 3 13 j36r translate-ordinal לְ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר 1 of the twelfth month Alternate translation: “of month twelve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 3 13 i5ur translate-hebrewmonths הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר 1 which is the month of Adar This is the name of the twelfth month of the Hebrew calendar. See how you decided in 2:16 and 3:7 to express dates that the story gives according to the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ EST 3 15 abn5 figs-explicit הָֽ⁠רָצִ֞ים יָצְא֤וּ דְחוּ
EST 3 15 i12c figs-activepassive וְ⁠הַ⁠דָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה 1 and the law was given You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. For example, you can say, “People read the letter out loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 3 15 nlk8 translate-unknown בְּ⁠שׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַ⁠בִּירָ֑ה 1 in Susa the citadel Here this likely means in the “capital city of Susa.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 3 15 abn6 figs-synecdoche יָשְׁב֣וּ לִ⁠שְׁתּ֔וֹת 1 sat down to drink (1) This could mean that Ahasuerus and Haman had more than just a drink together. This could be a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to mean the whole thing. They may have celebrated with an entire banquet that is being described here by reference to one part of it, the drinks. Alternate translation: “had a celebration feast together” (2) Another possibility is that this is describing a toast that Ahasuerus and Haman shared to celebrate their plan. “Sat down” would simply be describing how the men would have reclined at a table to drink. Alternate translation: “had a celebration toast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EST 3 15 wm4u figs-explicit נָבֽוֹכָה 1 the city of Susa was in confusion The implication is that the people in Susa were very upset about what was going to happen and they did not know what to do about it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 15 wm4u figs-explicit נָבֽוֹכָה 1 the city of Susa was in confusion The implication is that the people in Susa were very upset about what was going to happen and they did not know what to do about it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 3 15 wbgv grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ⁠הָ⁠עִ֥יר 1 The author wants us to see the contrast between the king and Haman sitting down to relax and drink and the people in the city agitated and in an uproar over what the king and Haman had proclaimed. Use a connecting word or other way that your language uses to show a contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EST 3 15 abn7 figs-metonymy וְ⁠הָ⁠עִ֥יר שׁוּשָׁ֖ן 1 but the city of Susa This does not mean the city itself, but the people who live there. This is a figure of speech in which something is called not by its own name, but by the name of something closely associated with it. So this means “everyone who lived in Susa” or the people in Susa (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 3 15 abn8 figs-abstractnouns נָבֽוֹכָה 1 was in confusion You can translate the abstract noun **confusion** with a verbal phrase such as “was very confused.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ EST 4 1 abo1 figs-doublet וַ⁠יִּזְעַ֛ק זְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹל
EST 4 2 abo2 וַ⁠יָּב֕וֹא 1 And he came **He** means Mordecai. Alternate translation: “Mordecai came”
EST 4 2 j38r figs-metonymy עַ֖ד לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י שַֽׁעַר־הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 only as far as before the face of the gate of the king Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of an object. The phrase means that Mordecai could not come inside the gate to the king’s palace, but had to wait just outside of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 4 2 abo3 שַֽׁעַר־הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 the gate of the king See how you translated this in [2:19](../02/19.md). Alternate translation: “the gate to the king’s palace”
EST 4 2 abo4 grammar-connect-logic-result אֵ֥ין לָ⁠ב֛וֹא אֶל־שַׁ֥עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ בִּ⁠לְב֥וּשׁ שָֽׂק 1 no one was to come into the gate of the king while wearing sackcloth If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put this information first in the verse because it explains why Mordecai waited outside. See the UST. Alternate translation: “But no one who was wearing sackcloth was allowed inside the palace gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 4 2 abo4 grammar-connect-logic-result אֵ֥ין לָ⁠ב֛וֹא אֶל־שַׁ֥עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ בִּ⁠לְב֥וּשׁ שָֽׂק 1 no one was to come into the gate of the king while wearing sackcloth If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this information first in the verse because it explains why Mordecai waited outside. See the UST. Alternate translation: “But no one who was wearing sackcloth was allowed inside the palace gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 4 3 e73y figs-idiom וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּ⁠מְדִינָ֗ה 1 And in every province by province This expression means in every single province. See how you translated the term “province” in 1:1. Alternate translation: “in each and every province” or “in every province of the empire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 4 3 abo5 מְקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דְּבַר־הַ⁠מֶּ֤לֶךְ וְ⁠דָת⁠וֹ֙ מַגִּ֔יעַ 1 any place where the decree of the king and his law reached Alternate translation: “anywhere that the letter that said to destroy the Jews was announced in public”
EST 4 3 abo6 figs-doublet דְּבַר־הַ⁠מֶּ֤לֶךְ וְ⁠דָת⁠וֹ֙ 1 the decree of the king and his law These two phrases are referring to the same thing, that is, the information that the letter conveyed. The repetition is used to emphasize how serious a situation this was. Alternate translation: “the letter from the king” or “the law that said to destroy the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -443,9 +443,9 @@ EST 4 3 abo8 figs-doublet וּ⁠בְכִ֖י וּ⁠מִסְפֵּ֑ד 1 weepin
EST 4 3 djf6 translate-symaction שַׂ֣ק וָ⁠אֵ֔פֶר יֻצַּ֖ע לָֽ⁠רַבִּֽים 1 sackcloth and ashes were laid out by the multitudes These were actions that demonstrated deep grief. “Many of them lay on the ground, dressed in sackcloth and sitting in ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 4 4 q7ll נַעֲר֨וֹת אֶסְתֵּ֤ר 1 the young female attendants of Esther Alternate translation: “Esther’s female servants” of “Esther’s maids”
EST 4 4 abo9 translate-unknown וְ⁠סָרִיסֶ֨י⁠הָ֙ 1 and her eunuchs See how you translated this term in [1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “her male servants” or “her other officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 4 4 abp0 figs-explicit וַ⁠יַּגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֔⁠הּ 1 and they told her That is, they told her that Mordecai was sitting outside the gate wearing sackcloth. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 4 abp0 figs-explicit וַ⁠יַּגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֔⁠הּ 1 and they told her That is, they told her that Mordecai was sitting outside the gate wearing sackcloth. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 4 abp1 figs-activepassive וַ⁠תִּתְחַלְחַ֥ל הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֖ה מְאֹ֑ד 1 even the queen was seized with extreme fear **The queen** means Esther. You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Esther herself became very afraid” or “this made the queen very distressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 4 4 abp2 figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּתְחַלְחַ֥ל הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֖ה מְאֹ֑ד 1 even the queen was seized with extreme fear The implication is that this happened when she heard what Mordecai was doing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “When she heard about this, Esther herself became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 4 abp2 figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּתְחַלְחַ֥ל הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֖ה מְאֹ֑ד 1 even the queen was seized with extreme fear The implication is that this happened when she heard what Mordecai was doing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “When she heard about this, Esther herself became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 4 y8bc translate-symaction וַ⁠תִּשְׁלַ֨ח בְּגָדִ֜ים לְ⁠הַלְבִּ֣ישׁ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַ֗י 1 she sent garments to clothe Mordecai and to take off his sackcloth from upon him **She** means Esther. This was her way of encouraging Mordecai to be hopeful and act publicly as if whatever situation he was worried about were not completely desperate. Alternate translation: “she sent servants to take to Mordecai some good clothes to wear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 4 4 abp3 translate-symaction וְ⁠לֹ֥א קִבֵּֽל 1 he did not accept This was Mordecai’s way of replying to Esther that the situation truly was desperate. Alternate translation: “he refused to put them on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 4 5 abp4 וַ⁠תִּקְרָא֩ אֶסְתֵּ֨ר לַ⁠הֲתָ֜ךְ מִ⁠סָּרִיסֵ֤י הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ 1 So Esther called for Hathak, from the eunuchs of the king Alternative translation: “then Esther summoned Hathak, one of the king’s officials”
@ -454,14 +454,14 @@ EST 4 5 lp8m writing-background מִ⁠סָּרִיסֵ֤י הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶ
EST 4 5 icg7 translate-unknown מִ⁠סָּרִיסֵ֤י 1 from the eunuchs of See how you translated this term **eunuch** in [1:10](../01/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 4 5 j39r figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 before her face Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. This phrase means that the guardians served Esther personally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 4 5 abp6 figs-parallelism לָ⁠דַ֥עַת מַה־זֶּ֖ה וְ⁠עַל־מַה־זֶּֽה 1 to know what this was and on account of what this was These two phrases mean similar things. In both cases, “this” refers to what Mordecai was doing. The repetition is used to emphasize that Esther now knew there must be a very serious reason why Mordecai was wearing sackcloth in such a public place. Alternate translation: “to find out why he was so distressed that he was sitting at the palace gate wearing sackcloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EST 4 6 abp7 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֥א הֲתָ֖ךְ אֶֽל־מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 So Hathak went out to Mordecai Hathak went out specifically to speak with Mordecai and find out why he was so distressed, as Esther had asked him to do. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Hathak went out to speak with Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 6 abp7 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֥א הֲתָ֖ךְ אֶֽל־מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 So Hathak went out to Mordecai Hathak went out specifically to speak with Mordecai and find out why he was so distressed, as Esther had asked him to do. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Hathak went out to speak with Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 6 mgl5 רְח֣וֹב הָ⁠עִ֔יר 1 the open place of the city Alternate translation: “the central plaza”
EST 4 6 j41r figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י 1 before the face of Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of an object. The phrase means that the open square was in front of the palace gate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 4 6 abp8 figs-metonymy שַֽׁעַר־הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 the gate of the king The citadel is being described by reference to something associated with it, the gate that leads into it. Alternate translation: “the citadel gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 4 7 zq3s figs-synecdoche אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֑⁠הוּ 1 Mordecai reported to him all that had happened to him Here, **him** refers to Mordecai, but here Mordecai figuratively represents the entire group of which he is a member. Alternate translation: “everything that Haman was planning to do to the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EST 4 7 abp9 פָּרָשַׁ֣ת הַ⁠כֶּ֗סֶף אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר הָמָן֙ לִ֠⁠שְׁקוֹל עַל־גִּנְזֵ֥י הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ בַּיְּהוּדִ֖ים לְ⁠אַבְּדָֽ⁠ם 1 the exact amount of silver that Haman had said to weigh out in the treasuries of the king, against, to destroy them This could mean either of two possibilities: (1) the amount of silver that Haman said the king would get for his treasury from the plunder that the people who destroyed the Jews would take from them, or (2) the amount of silver that Haman had said he would contribute to pay for the expenses of the plan to destroy the Jews. You could say either one as an alternate translation, but it should agree with your interpretation of [3:9](../03/09.md).
EST 4 8 j43r פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן כְּתָֽב־הַ֠⁠דָּת 1 a copy of the writing Alternate translation: “a copy of the letter that Haman had sent out” or “a copy of the decree”
EST 4 8 zt49 figs-activepassive הַ֠⁠דָּת אֲשֶׁר־נִתַּ֨ן בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֤ן 1 the law that had been given in Susa If it would help your readers to understand, you can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the law that the heralds had read out loud in Susa” or “the decree that the king’s servants had posted in Susa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 4 8 zt49 figs-activepassive הַ֠⁠דָּת אֲשֶׁר־נִתַּ֨ן בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֤ן 1 the law that had been given in Susa If it would help your readers to understand, you can say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the law that the heralds had read out loud in Susa” or “the decree that the king’s servants had posted in Susa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 4 8 abq0 לְ⁠הַשְׁמִידָ⁠ם֙ 1 to annihilate them Alternative translation: “that said that all the Jews must be killed”
EST 4 8 abq1 figs-parallelism לְ⁠הַרְא֥וֹת אֶת־אֶסְתֵּ֖ר וּ⁠לְ⁠הַגִּ֣יד לָ֑⁠הּ 1 in order to show Esther, and to inform her These two phrases mean similar things. They are repeated to emphasize how important Mordecai knew it was for Esther to understand just what Haman was planning. “so that Esther could see exactly what it said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EST 4 8 abq2 וּ⁠לְ⁠צַוּ֣וֹת עָלֶ֗י⁠הָ 1 and to lay a charge upon her Alternate translation: “and to urge her”
@ -473,17 +473,17 @@ EST 4 11 abq6 figs-merism כָּל־עַבְדֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֡לֶךְ ו
EST 4 11 abq7 כָּל־עַבְדֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֡לֶךְ וְ⁠עַם־מְדִינ֨וֹת הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ יֽוֹדְעִ֗ים 1 All the servants of the king and the people of the provinces of the king are knowing Esther says this to show that there is no uncertainty about this being the law. You can put this information after the description of the law itself, If your readers would misunderstand this, so that it can serve to emphasize how definite the law is that was just described.
EST 4 11 d9mh figs-merism כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ וְ⁠אִשָּׁ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר 1 for any man or woman Here, Esther once again refers to a group figuratively by describing two parts of it. She means all of the people whom Ahasuerus rules as king. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these phrases and say something like “anyone”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EST 4 11 abq8 translate-symaction יָבֽוֹא־אֶל־הַ⁠מֶּלֶךְ֩ אֶל־הֶ⁠חָצֵ֨ר הַ⁠פְּנִימִ֜ית 1 who goes to the king, to the inner court As [5:1](../05/01.md) makes clear, this refers to a courtyard right outside the room where King Ahasuerus sat on his throne. He could see out of the entrance to the room into the courtyard and tell if anyone came and stood there. Anyone who did that was asking to speak to the king. Alternate translation: “who goes into the inner courtyard of the palace, where the king can see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 4 11 abq9 figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יִקָּרֵ֗א 1 who has not been called If it would help your readers to understand, you can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “when the king has not summoned that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 4 11 abq9 figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יִקָּרֵ֗א 1 who has not been called If it would help your readers to understand, you can say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “when the king has not summoned that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 4 11 abr0 אַחַ֤ת דָּת⁠וֹ֙ 1 his law is one If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this after the explanation of the law itself. Alternate translation: “this law applies to everyone in the kingdom”
EST 4 11 abr1 לְ⁠הָמִ֔ית 1 to cause to die Alternate translation: “that person must be executed” or “the guards will kill that person”
EST 4 11 abr2 translate-symaction לְ֠⁠בַד מֵ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֽוֹשִׁיט־ל֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־שַׁרְבִ֥יט הַ⁠זָּהָ֖ב 1 apart from when the king holds out to him the scepter of gold, then he will live If the king pointed his scepter toward a person, that meant that the king was accepting him. Alternate translation: “unless the king extends his golden scepter towards him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 4 11 abr3 translate-unknown שַׁרְבִ֥יט הַ⁠זָּהָ֖ב 1 the scepter of gold A scepter was an ornamental staff or wand that rulers carried or held as a symbol of their authority. According to this, the scepter of King Ahasuerus was made of gold. Alternate translation: “golden scepter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 4 11 ilp4 figs-explicit וְ⁠חָיָ֑ה 1 This means that the guards will not kill this person and he can proceed to speak to the king. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “then the guards will not kill him and he can speak to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 11 abr4 figs-explicit וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י לֹ֤א נִקְרֵ֨אתי֙ לָ⁠ב֣וֹא אֶל־הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ זֶ֖ה שְׁלוֹשִׁ֥ים יֽוֹם 1 But as for me, I have not been called to come to the king these thirty days Esther is saying by implication that she cannot speak to the king as Mordecai has requested because the king has not been calling for her, which would have given her an opportunity to speak to him. If she goes without being summoned, she could be put to death. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 11 ilp4 figs-explicit וְ⁠חָיָ֑ה 1 This means that the guards will not kill this person and he can proceed to speak to the king. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “then the guards will not kill him and he can speak to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 11 abr4 figs-explicit וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י לֹ֤א נִקְרֵ֨אתי֙ לָ⁠ב֣וֹא אֶל־הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ זֶ֖ה שְׁלוֹשִׁ֥ים יֽוֹם 1 But as for me, I have not been called to come to the king these thirty days Esther is saying by implication that she cannot speak to the king as Mordecai has requested because the king has not been calling for her, which would have given her an opportunity to speak to him. If she goes without being summoned, she could be put to death. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 11 j49r grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י 1 But as for me This expression indicates a contrast between Esther’s present situation and the situation she has just described. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EST 4 11 abr5 זֶ֖ה שְׁלוֹשִׁ֥ים יֽוֹם 1 these 30 days The phrase means that Esther has not been called in the king’s presence for a period of at least 30 days. You could use an equivalent expression in your language that would indicate this is a long enough time that Esther has reason to believe the king is not interested in seeing her. Alternate translation: “in over a month”
EST 4 11 gv1v translate-numbers זֶ֖ה שְׁלוֹשִׁ֥ים יֽוֹם 1 these 30 days Alternate translation: “thirty days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 4 12 abr6 וַ⁠יַּגִּ֣ידוּ לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכָ֔י 1 So they told to Mordecai the words of Esther From this point on, the author focuses only on Mordecai and Esther and does not specify who the messenger is. You can use a general phrase such as, “they told Mordecai” or “Mordecai was told” or “messengers told Mordecai.” If that would be confusing, you can continue to specify that the messenger was Hathak, as the ancient Greek version did. See the UST.
EST 4 12 abr6 וַ⁠יַּגִּ֣ידוּ לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכָ֔י 1 So they told to Mordecai the words of Esther From this point on, the author focuses only on Mordecai and Esther and does not specify who the messenger is. You can use a general phrase such as, “they told Mordecai” or “Mordecai was told” or “messengers told Mordecai.” If that would be confusing, you could continue to specify that the messenger was Hathak, as the ancient Greek version did. See the UST.
EST 4 13 abr7 וַ⁠יֹּ֥אמֶר מָרְדֳּכַ֖י לְ⁠הָשִׁ֣יב אֶל־אֶסְתֵּ֑ר 1 Then Mordecai said to return to Esther Alternate translation: “then Mordecai sent back this message to Esther”
EST 4 14 i1uy figs-personification רֶ֣וַח וְ⁠הַצָּלָ֞ה יַעֲמ֤וֹד לַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֙ מִ⁠מָּק֣וֹם אַחֵ֔ר 1 relief and deliverance will arise for the Jews from another place Here, **relief** and **deliverance** are spoken of as if they are living things that can rise up. Alternate translation: “someone else will rise up from another place and rescue the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EST 4 14 t3k7 figs-doublet רֶ֣וַח וְ⁠הַצָּלָ֞ה 1 Here, **relief** and **deliverance** mean very similar things. They are used together to emphasize the great emotion behind being delivered from this great evil. If it works better in your language, you can use one word instead of two, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ EST 4 16 j51r גַּם־אֲנִ֥י וְ⁠נַעֲרֹתַ֖⁠י אָצ֣ו
EST 4 16 abs2 וּ⁠בְ⁠כֵ֞ן 1 Then, in such circumstances Alternate translation: “after we have all done that, and while still fasting”
EST 4 16 abs3 אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־כַ⁠דָּ֔ת 1 which is not according to the law Alternate translation: “even though there is a law against going without being summoned”
EST 4 16 abs4 וְ⁠כַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָבַ֖דְתִּי אָבָֽדְתִּי 1 and if I perish, I perish Alternate translation: “then if they kill me, they kill me”
EST 4 17 abs5 figs-explicit וַֽ⁠יַּעֲבֹ֖ר מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 So Mordecai went The implication is that Mordecai did this after Hathak brought Esther’s reply back to him. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so after Hathak told this to Mordecai, he went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 17 abs5 figs-explicit וַֽ⁠יַּעֲבֹ֖ר מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 So Mordecai went The implication is that Mordecai did this after Hathak brought Esther’s reply back to him. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so after Hathak told this to Mordecai, he went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 4 17 abs6 כְּ⁠כֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוְּתָ֥ה עָלָ֖י⁠ו אֶסְתֵּֽר 1 according to the whole charge that Esther had laid upon him Alternate translation: “everything that Esther had told him to do”
EST 5 intro k5ff 0 # Esther 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about Haman’s fall (Chapters 5-7).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Esther’s respect<br>Esther approached the king with the utmost of respect. By doing this, her character became respected by the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 1 j53r writing-newevent וַ⁠יְהִ֣י ׀ בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֗י 1 Now it happened on the third day This introduces a new event in the story. Alternate translation: “three days later” or “when Esther had been fasting for three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ EST 5 2 abt2 כִ⁠רְא֨וֹת 1 as soon as … saw Alternate translation:
EST 5 2 j57r figs-idiom נָשְׂאָ֥ה חֵ֖ן בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 she lifted favor in his eyes See how you translated similar expressions in 2:9, 2:15, and 2:17. Review the explanations there if that would be helpful. In this context, it probably means that King Ahasuerus **thought Esther looked very attractive** as she stood in the court. It could also mean that King Ahasuerus was very pleased to see her. It could mean both. Alternate translation: “he was very pleased to see her” or “he approved of her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 5 2 pw4x figs-metaphor נָשְׂאָ֥ה חֵ֖ן בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 she lifted favor in his eyes Here, **eyes** figuratively represent seeing, and seeing is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. This phrase means that King Ahasuerus decided not to kill Esther for coming into the inner court without being summoned. Alternate translation: “he was very pleased to see her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 5 2 uu8s translate-symaction וַ⁠יּ֨וֹשֶׁט הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ לְ⁠אֶסְתֵּ֗ר אֶת־שַׁרְבִ֤יט הַ⁠זָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ⁠יָד֔⁠וֹ 1 And the king held out to her the golden scepter that was in his hand King Ahasuerus did this to show that he would not enforce the law that said that Esther should be executed for coming into the king’s inner court without being summoned. See how you translated this in 4:11. Alternate translation: “he extended the gold scepter toward her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 5 2 abt3 figs-explicit וַ⁠יּ֨וֹשֶׁט הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ לְ⁠אֶסְתֵּ֗ר אֶת־שַׁרְבִ֤יט הַ⁠זָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ⁠יָד֔⁠וֹ 1 And the king held out to her the golden scepter that was in his hand King Ahasuerus did this to show that he would not enforce the law that said Esther should be executed. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he extended the gold scepter toward her to signal that he would be glad to talk to her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 2 abt3 figs-explicit וַ⁠יּ֨וֹשֶׁט הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ לְ⁠אֶסְתֵּ֗ר אֶת־שַׁרְבִ֤יט הַ⁠זָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ⁠יָד֔⁠וֹ 1 And the king held out to her the golden scepter that was in his hand King Ahasuerus did this to show that he would not enforce the law that said Esther should be executed. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he extended the gold scepter toward her to signal that he would be glad to talk to her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 2 abt4 וַ⁠תִּקְרַ֣ב 1 so … approached Alternate translation; “so … came close” or “so … came up to the throne”
EST 5 2 z4mn translate-symaction וַ⁠תִּגַּ֖ע בְּ⁠רֹ֥אשׁ הַ⁠שַּׁרְבִֽיט 1 and touched the head of the scepter This action was probably customary for a king’s subjects in a Persian court, when the king extended the royal scepter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 5 2 abt5 figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּגַּ֖ע בְּ⁠רֹ֥אשׁ הַ⁠שַּׁרְבִֽיט 1 and touched the head of the scepter This action demonstrated that Esther respected the authority of King Ahasuerus and was thankful for his kindness to her. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could include that information here, such as: “…to show that she respected his authority.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ EST 5 4 m3uy figs-123person אִם־עַל־הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ ט֑וֹב 1
EST 5 4 j63r figs-123person יָב֨וֹא הַ⁠מֶּ֤לֶךְ וְ⁠הָמָן֙ 1 let the king come with Haman Esther speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “O king, please come with Haman” or “you and Haman come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 5 4 abt9 figs-123person הַ⁠מִּשְׁתֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֥יתִי לֽ⁠וֹ 1 the banquet that I have made for him Esther speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “the banquet that I have prepared for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 5 4 abu0 figs-yousingular הַ⁠מִּשְׁתֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֥יתִי לֽ⁠וֹ 1 the banquet that I have made for him If you decide to translate this as “the banquet that I have prepared for you,” then the word “you” should be singular, since here it refers just to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
EST 5 5 abu1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Then the king said The king would have said this to his servants, not to Esther. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The king said to his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 5 abu1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Then the king said The king would have said this to his servants, not to Esther. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The king said to his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 5 abu2 מַהֲרוּ֙ אֶת־הָמָ֔ן לַ⁠עֲשׂ֖וֹת אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֑ר 1 Bring Haman quickly, in order to do the word of Esther The **word of Esther** means her invitation to the banquet. Alternate translation: “go and get Haman and bring him quickly to the banquet that Esther has prepared”
EST 5 5 abu3 עָשְׂתָ֥ה 1 had made Alternate translation: “had prepared for them”
EST 5 6 d5wr figs-parallelism מַה־שְּׁאֵלָתֵ֖⁠ךְ וְ⁠יִנָּ֣תֵֽן לָ֑⁠ךְ וּ⁠מַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵ֛⁠ךְ עַד־חֲצִ֥י הַ⁠מַּלְכ֖וּת וְ⁠תֵעָֽשׂ 1 What is your petition? And let it be given to you. And what is your request? As much as half of the kingdom, and let it be done. These two question-and-statement pairs mean almost the same thing. Ahasuerus says the same thing twice in slightly different ways to show that he is truly disposed to give Esther whatever she wants. If this is confusing, you do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation. You could combine them into one or replace the repetition with a statement of what the repetition means, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “now please tell me what you really want. I will do it for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ EST 5 8 gf9b figs-123person כִּ⁠דְבַ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 acco
EST 5 9 abv1 וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֤א 1 And … went out Alternate translation: “and … left the banquet”
EST 5 9 j73r figs-doublet שָׂמֵ֖חַ וְ⁠ט֣וֹב לֵ֑ב 1 joyful and good of heart The word **joyful** and the phrase **good of heart** mean the same thing. These terms are used together to show that Haman was very happy after attending Esther’s banquet with King Ahasuerus. Alternate translation: “feeling very good” [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]
EST 5 9 j75r figs-metaphor וְ⁠ט֣וֹב לֵ֑ב 1 and good of heart Here, **heart** figuratively represents the action of thinking or feeling. The phrase means that Haman felt happy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 5 9 dkg6 figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹא־קָם֙ 1 that he neither rose up Under other circumstances, officials were expected to bow low to the ground to show respect for Haman. See [3:2](../03/02.md). But since Mordecai was already sitting on the ground as a sign of mourning, he would have been expected to stand up to show respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Mordecai did not stand up to show respect for Haman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 9 dkg6 figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹא־קָם֙ 1 that he neither rose up Under other circumstances, officials were expected to bow low to the ground to show respect for Haman. See [3:2](../03/02.md). But since Mordecai was already sitting on the ground as a sign of mourning, he would have been expected to stand up to show respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Mordecai did not stand up to show respect for Haman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 9 j77r translate-symaction וְ⁠לֹא־זָ֣ע מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ 1 nor trembled from him The phrase means that Mordecai was not afraid of Haman or of what Haman might do to him for refusing to show the respect that the king had commanded. Alternate translation: “or tremble fearfully in front of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 5 9 s47u figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּמָּלֵ֥א הָמָ֛ן עַֽל־מָרְדֳּכַ֖י חֵמָֽה 1 then Haman was filled with rage on account of Mordecai Here, **Haman’s rage** is described as something that could fill him up. See how you translated this expression in [3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “Haman became very angry because of Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 5 10 v5nl grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠יִּתְאַפַּ֣ק הָמָ֔ן 1 But Haman restrained himself There is a contrast between this sentence and the previous one. Haman felt very much like doing one thing, but he decided it would be better to do something else. The contrast can be indicated with a phrase such as “but even though.” Alternate translation: “but even though Haman was so angry, he kept himself from losing his temper” or “Haman refused to show how angry he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
@ -568,15 +568,15 @@ EST 5 12 abv9 figs-activepassive וְ⁠גַם־לְ⁠מָחָ֛ר אֲנִ֥י
EST 5 13 abw0 figs-metaphor וְ⁠כָל־זֶ֕ה אֵינֶ֥⁠נּוּ שֹׁוֶ֖ה לִ֑⁠י בְּ⁠כָל־עֵ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֤י רֹאֶה֙ 1 But all of this is not equal for me to every time that I see This is a figurative way of speaking. It is as if Haman is weighing his happiness on one side of a scale and his unhappiness on the other side. Haman is saying that his happiness over all the honors he has received is still not greater than his unhappiness over seeing Mordecai fail to honor him, so on balance, he is unhappy. Alternate translation: “I still cannot be happy as long as I keep seeing” or “all of this does not make me happy” or “…does not satisfy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 5 13 wu84 וְ⁠כָל־זֶ֕ה 1 But all of this Haman is continuing to speak here. You can show this by beginning with “Then Haman said.”
EST 5 13 abw1 figs-distinguish הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔י 1 the Jew This phrase gives clarifying information about Mordecai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
EST 5 13 abw2 figs-explicit יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּ⁠שַׁ֥עַר הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 sitting at the gate of the king Haman could be referring to the way Mordecai has been refusing to stand up to honor him, or he could be referring generally to the way Mordecai has never honored him (by either bowing or standing up) ever since he was appointed to a position in the king’s service and stationed at the gate. Either way, being reminded of this dishonor is the reason why Haman continues to be unhappy. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “sitting at the citadel gate and refusing to honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 13 abw2 figs-explicit יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּ⁠שַׁ֥עַר הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 sitting at the gate of the king Haman could be referring to the way Mordecai has been refusing to stand up to honor him, or he could be referring generally to the way Mordecai has never honored him (by either bowing or standing up) ever since he was appointed to a position in the king’s service and stationed at the gate. Either way, being reminded of this dishonor is the reason why Haman continues to be unhappy. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “sitting at the citadel gate and refusing to honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 13 abw3 בְּ⁠שַׁ֥עַר הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 the gate of the king Alternate translation: “the citadel gate”
EST 5 14 abw4 figs-explicit וַ⁠תֹּ֣אמֶר ל⁠וֹ֩ זֶ֨רֶשׁ אִשְׁתּ֜⁠וֹ וְ⁠כָל־אֹֽהֲבָ֗י⁠ו 1 Then … said to him The verb is feminine, so it is Zeresh who is speaking here. By mentioning the friends, it is implied that they are in agreement with what she says. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say, “Then Haman’s wife Zeresh suggested, and his friends agreed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 14 j81r וְ⁠כָל־אֹֽהֲבָ֗י⁠ו 1 with all his friends This means the friends whom Haman had invited to his home that day. Alternate translation: “his friends who were there”
EST 5 14 abw5 figs-explicit יַֽעֲשׂוּ 1 Let them make You can say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “have your servants set up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 14 i2f3 translate-unknown עֵץ֮ 1 a tree See how you translated this in [2:23](../02/23.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. Be sure your translation is consistent in the chapters that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 5 14 k8zd translate-bdistance גָּבֹ֣הַּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּה֒ 1 50 cubits high You can convert this to a modern measure if that is the style of translation that you are using. Alternate translation: “seventy-five feet high” or “twenty-five meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EST 5 14 hiui figs-explicit אֱמֹ֣ר לַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ וְ⁠יִתְל֤וּ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַי֙ עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can make explicit what Haman would say to the king. Alternate translation: “speak to the king and tell him that you would like to hang Mordecai on it” or “tell the king that you intend to hang Mordecai on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 14 abw7 figs-explicit וְ⁠יִתְל֤וּ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַי֙ עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 say to the king, and let them hang Mordecai on it If your readers would misunderstand this, you can make explicit who does the action. Probably, Haman’s servants would carry out the action. But since it would happen under Haman’s orders and perhaps under his supervision, you could also describe him as the one who does the action if that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and have your servants hang Mordecai on it” or “and hang Mordecai on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 14 hiui figs-explicit אֱמֹ֣ר לַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ וְ⁠יִתְל֤וּ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַי֙ עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could make explicit what Haman would say to the king. Alternate translation: “speak to the king and tell him that you would like to hang Mordecai on it” or “tell the king that you intend to hang Mordecai on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 14 abw7 figs-explicit וְ⁠יִתְל֤וּ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַי֙ עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 say to the king, and let them hang Mordecai on it If your readers would misunderstand this, you could make explicit who does the action. Probably, Haman’s servants would carry out the action. But since it would happen under Haman’s orders and perhaps under his supervision, you could also describe him as the one who does the action if that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and have your servants hang Mordecai on it” or “and hang Mordecai on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 5 14 abw8 grammar-connect-logic-result וּ⁠בֹֽא…אֶל הַ⁠מִּשְׁתֶּ֖ה שָׂמֵ֑חַ 1 Then go … to the banquet joyful **Then** indicates more than a time sequence here. Zeresh and the friends are saying what the result would be. Alternate translation: “after he is dead, you will be able to go to the banquet … in a good mood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 5 14 bbs9 figs-metonymy וַ⁠יִּיטַ֧ב הַ⁠דָּבָ֛ר לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י הָמָ֖ן 1 And the word was good before the face of Haman The **word** was the suggestion that Zeresh and the friends made. Here, **face** figuratively represents Haman himself by something associated with him, his face, which showed what he was thinking and feeling. Alternate translation: “Haman decided that he liked this idea” or “that suggestion pleased Haman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 5 14 i8is וַ⁠יַּ֥עַשׂ הָ⁠עֵֽץ 1 and he made the tree Haman most likely did not do this personally. He ordered it to be done. Alternate translation: “he gave his servants orders to set up the pole” or “he told his servants to construct the gallows”
@ -584,23 +584,23 @@ EST 5 14 j83r translate-unknown הָ⁠עֵֽץ 1 the tree See how you translate
EST 6 intro i9x7 0 # Esther 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues the story of Haman’s fall.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Approaching the king<br>It was not possible for a person to easily approach the king. Normally, access to him was very limited. There are several events in this chapter which show the layers of protection surrounding the king.
EST 6 1 j85r writing-newevent בַּ⁠לַּ֣יְלָה הַ⁠ה֔וּא 1 That night This introduces a new event in the story. Use a natural way of introducing a new event in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST 6 1 abw9 figs-personification נָדְדָ֖ה שְׁנַ֣ת הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 the sleep of the king fled away Here, **sleep** is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could flee away. Alternate translation: “the king could not sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EST 6 1 abx1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר לְ⁠הָבִ֞יא 1 And he said to bring **He** means the king. The implication is that he told the young men who attended him to do this. Verses 3 and 5 indicate this. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so he commanded his servants to fetch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 1 abx1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר לְ⁠הָבִ֞יא 1 And he said to bring **He** means the king. The implication is that he told the young men who attended him to do this. Verses 3 and 5 indicate this. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so he commanded his servants to fetch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 1 abx2 סֵ֤פֶר הַ⁠זִּכְרֹנוֹת֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ים 1 the book of records of the events of days This is equivalent to the expression “the book of the events of days” in [2:23](../02/23.md). See how you translated that expression. Alternate translation: “the royal chronicles” or “the records of what had happened during all the time that he had been king”
EST 6 1 abx3 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּהְי֥וּ נִקְרָאִ֖ים 1 they were being called out This means that the chronicles were read out loud. You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the young men got the chronicles and began to read them out loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 1 j87r figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 before the face of the king Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. This phrase means that the book was being read in the king’s presence. Alternate translation: “to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 6 2 u4gi figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּמָּצֵ֣א כָת֗וּב 1 And it was found written Both terms **found** and **recorded** can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “they found that the writers had recorded there” or “they read the part where the writers had written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 2 abx4 figs-explicit הִגִּ֨יד מָרְדֳּכַ֜י עַל 1 Mordecai had told about The implication is that Mordecai had saved the king’s life by discovering the plot and telling him about it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Mordecai had saved the king’s life by discovering a plot against the king and telling him about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 2 abx4 figs-explicit הִגִּ֨יד מָרְדֳּכַ֜י עַל 1 Mordecai had told about The implication is that Mordecai had saved the king’s life by discovering the plot and telling him about it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Mordecai had saved the king’s life by discovering a plot against the king and telling him about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 2 abx5 figs-events הִגִּ֨יד מָרְדֳּכַ֜י עַל 1 Mordecai had told about To relate the events in chronological order, you can put this at the end of the verse. Alternate translation: “but Mordecai had saved the king’s life by discovering their plot and telling him about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
EST 6 2 syd9 translate-names בִּגְתָ֣נָא וָ⁠תֶ֗רֶשׁ 1 Bigthana and Teresh These are the same two men who are named in [2:21](../02/21.md). However, there the first man’s name is said to be “Bigthan.” Decide on a consistent way of translating these names so your readers will know that they are the same men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 6 2 abx6 translate-unknown שְׁנֵי֙ סָרִיסֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 two of the eunuchs of the king See how you translated the term **eunuch** in [1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “two of the royal guardians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 6 2 abx7 מִ⁠שֹּׁמְרֵ֖י הַ⁠סַּ֑ף 1 who were from the guardians of the doorway See how you translated this expression in [2:23](../02/23.md). Alternate translation: “who protected the doorway to the king’s private quarters”
EST 6 2 abx8 figs-metaphor בִּקְשׁוּ֙ 1 they had sought Here, **seeking** figuratively means actively trying to do something. Alternate translation: “they had planned” or “they had tried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 6 2 j89r figs-idiom לִ⁠שְׁלֹ֣חַ יָ֔ד 1 to stretch out a hand As in [2:21](../02/21.md), the expression **to stretch out a hand** means to cause someone physical harm with the intention of killing them. Alternate translation: “to assassinate” or “to kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 6 3 lmz6 figs-hendiadys מַֽה־נַּעֲשָׂ֞ה יְקָ֧ר וּ⁠גְדוּלָּ֛ה לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֖י 1 What honor or great deed was done for Mordecai **Honor** and **greatness** have similar meanings and they are used together to emphasize that Mordecai should certainly have been honored in some grand way for saving the king’s life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can express this by putting the terms together. For example, you could say, “What great honor was done for Mordecai?” Alternate translation: “what did we do to reward Mordecai or to show that we appreciated what he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EST 6 3 lmz6 figs-hendiadys מַֽה־נַּעֲשָׂ֞ה יְקָ֧ר וּ⁠גְדוּלָּ֛ה לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֖י 1 What honor or great deed was done for Mordecai **Honor** and **greatness** have similar meanings and they are used together to emphasize that Mordecai should certainly have been honored in some grand way for saving the king’s life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this by putting the terms together. For example, you could say, “What great honor was done for Mordecai?” Alternate translation: “what did we do to reward Mordecai or to show that we appreciated what he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EST 6 3 aby0 figs-activepassive נַּעֲשָׂ֞ה 1 was done You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “what did I do” or “what did we do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 3 n2az figs-activepassive לֹא־נַעֲשָׂ֥ה עִמּ֖⁠וֹ דָּבָֽר 1 Not a thing has been done with him You can say this with an active form. However, it would be good to say this in a way that does not create the impression that the young men are accusing the king. Alternate translation: “no one did anything for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 3 aby1 עַל־זֶ֑ה 1 on account of this Alternate translation: “for saving my life”
EST 6 4 aby2 figs-explicit מִ֣י בֶ⁠חָצֵ֑ר 1 Who is in the court? This could mean either: (1) The king knows that there is someone in the courtyard, maybe because he heard someone walking there; he wants to know who it is. (2) Since there are always people around the palace, the king assumes that there must be someone out in the courtyard. In either case, the king wants to know if there is someone there with whom he could consult about the best way to honor Mordecai. As the story has already said in [1:13](../01/13.md), it was the king’s habit to consult his advisors on important questions. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king wanted to consult someone about the best way to honor Mordecai, so he asked, ‘who is in the courtyard’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 4 aby2 figs-explicit מִ֣י בֶ⁠חָצֵ֑ר 1 Who is in the court? This could mean either: (1) The king knows that there is someone in the courtyard, maybe because he heard someone walking there; he wants to know who it is. (2) Since there are always people around the palace, the king assumes that there must be someone out in the courtyard. In either case, the king wants to know if there is someone there with whom he could consult about the best way to honor Mordecai. As the story has already said in [1:13](../01/13.md), it was the king’s habit to consult his advisors on important questions. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king wanted to consult someone about the best way to honor Mordecai, so he asked, ‘who is in the courtyard’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 4 aby3 מִ֣י בֶ⁠חָצֵ֑ר 1 Who is in the court? In order to present the events in logical and chronological order, you can put the king’s question last in the verse if that would be more natural in your language. Haman had already come in the courtyard by the time the king asked this question.
EST 6 4 j91r grammar-connect-time-background וְ⁠הָמָ֣ן בָּ֗א לַ⁠חֲצַ֤ר בֵּית־הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַ⁠חִ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה לֵ⁠אמֹ֣ר לַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ לִ⁠תְלוֹת֙ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַ֔י עַל־הָ⁠עֵ֖ץ אֲשֶׁר־הֵכִ֥ין לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Now Haman had come into the outer court of the house of the king to say to the king to hang Mordecai on the tree that he had prepared for him This sentence indicates that Haman had already entered the outer court when King Ahasuerus asked his question. You could indicate this with a phrase such as “at that moment” or “just then” or “while they were talking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
EST 6 4 rg8t לַ⁠חֲצַ֤ר בֵּית־הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַ⁠חִ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה 1 to the outer court of the house of the king This phrase is describing the first courtyard a person would come to after entering the palace from the outside. Alternate translation: “the outer courtyard of the palace”
@ -611,42 +611,42 @@ EST 6 5 aby5 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ נַעֲרֵ֤י הַ
EST 6 5 j93r figs-explicit הִנֵּ֥ה 1 Behold This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation. You could also have the young men address the king directly to get his attention. Alternate translation: “O king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 5 j95r יָבֽוֹא 1 Let him come Alternate translation: “he may come in”
EST 6 6 j97r וַ⁠יָּבוֹא֮ הָמָן֒ וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר ל⁠וֹ֙ הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Then Haman came, and the king said to him Alternate translation: “when Haman came in, the king said”
EST 6 6 ky5i figs-123person מַה־לַ⁠עֲשׂ֕וֹת בָּ⁠אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֣ץ בִּ⁠יקָר֑⁠וֹ 1 What is one to do for the man in whose honor the king is delighted? Here the king speaks of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use the first person instead. Alternate translation: “what should I do for the man whom I would really like to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 6 6 ky5i figs-123person מַה־לַ⁠עֲשׂ֕וֹת בָּ⁠אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֣ץ בִּ⁠יקָר֑⁠וֹ 1 What is one to do for the man in whose honor the king is delighted? Here the king speaks of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the first person instead. Alternate translation: “what should I do for the man whom I would really like to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 6 6 n3r5 figs-idiom אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֣ץ בִּ⁠יקָר֑⁠וֹ 1 in whose honor the king is delighted **To delight** in doing something means to be glad to do it and to really want to do it. Alternate translation: “whom I am glad to honor” or “whom I want to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 6 6 jh4i figs-metaphor וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר הָמָן֙ בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ 1 Then Haman said in his heart Here, **heart** could mean two different things: (1) Heart could figuratively represent the action of thinking or feeling. In that case, the phrase would mean “then Haman said in his thoughts.” (2) Heart could also be a metaphor meaning to be inside someone or something. In that case, the phrase would mean “then Haman said inside himself.” Either way, the phrase means that Haman was not saying this out loud, but saying it to himself in his thoughts. Alternate translation: “Haman thought to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 6 6 yft1 figs-rquestion לְ⁠מִ֞י יַחְפֹּ֥ץ הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ לַ⁠עֲשׂ֥וֹת יְקָ֖ר יוֹתֵ֥ר מִמֶּֽ⁠נִּי 1 For whom would the king delight to do honor more than me Haman is actually making a statement to himself rather than asking a question and trying to figure out the answer. He uses a question form to emphasize how true he believes the statement to be. If your readers would misunderstand this, instead of a question, you could use a statement such as, “Surely there is no one whom the king would take pleasure in honoring more than me!” Alternate translation: “whom would the king like to honor more than me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST 6 7 j1d1 figs-idiom אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֥ץ בִּ⁠יקָרֽ⁠וֹ 1 For a man in whose honor the king is delighted **To delight** in doing something means to be glad to do it and to really want to do it. Alternate translation: “for a man the king is glad to honor” or “for a man the king wants to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 6 7 aby6 figs-123person אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֥ץ בִּ⁠יקָרֽ⁠וֹ 1 For a man in whose honor the king is delighted Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. You can have him address the king in the second person. Alternate translation: “if you really want to honor someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 6 8 mz79 figs-explicit יָבִ֨יאוּ֙ 1 let them bring The implication is that the king’s servants would do this. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “let someone bring” or “tell your servants to bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 8 mz79 figs-explicit יָבִ֨יאוּ֙ 1 let them bring The implication is that the king’s servants would do this. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “let someone bring” or “tell your servants to bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 8 aby7 figs-abstractnouns לְב֣וּשׁ מַלְכ֔וּת אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָֽבַשׁ־בּ֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 a garment of royalty with which the king has clothed himself **Royalty** is an abstract noun that refers to anything that belongs to the king. You can translate this idea with an adjective, “a royal garment.” Alternate translation: “one of your own royal robes that you have already worn yourself” or “one of the robes you wear to show that you are the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 6 8 aby8 figs-123person אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָֽבַשׁ־בּ֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 with which the king has clothed himself Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. You can have him address the king in the second person. Alternate translation: “that you have already worn yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 6 8 aby9 figs-123person וְ⁠ס֗וּס אֲשֶׁ֨ר רָכַ֤ב עָלָי⁠ו֙ 1 and a horse on which the king has ridden Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. You can have him address the king in the second person. Alternate translation: “a horse that you have already ridden yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 6 8 r63j figs-activepassive וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּ֛ן כֶּ֥תֶר מַלְכ֖וּת בְּ⁠רֹאשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 and which has been given a crown of royalty for its head This whole phrase refers to the horse. You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “and that has a royal crown on its head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 8 abz0 figs-explicit וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּ֛ן כֶּ֥תֶר מַלְכ֖וּת בְּ⁠רֹאשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 and which has been given a crown of royalty for its head The implication is that this would be done to show that this was one of the king’s own horses. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and that has a royal crown on its head to show that it belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 8 abz0 figs-explicit וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּ֛ן כֶּ֥תֶר מַלְכ֖וּת בְּ⁠רֹאשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 and which has been given a crown of royalty for its head The implication is that this would be done to show that this was one of the king’s own horses. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and that has a royal crown on its head to show that it belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 8 abz1 figs-abstractnouns כֶּ֥תֶר מַלְכ֖וּת 1 a crown of royalty **Royalty** is an abstract noun that refers to the royal authority that the king exercised. You can translate this idea with an adjective, “a royal crown.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 6 9 pp3l figs-metaphor וְ⁠נָת֨וֹן הַ⁠לְּב֜וּשׁ וְ⁠הַ⁠סּ֗וּס עַל־יַד־אִ֞ישׁ מִ⁠שָּׂרֵ֤י הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ 1 Then give this garment and this horse into the hand of a man from the most noble officials of the king Here, **hand** is a metaphor meaning power, control, or authority. It appears that the king himself would not perform such acts of service to one of his subjects even if he really wanted to honor that person. So Haman is saying that on behalf of the king, representing his authority and power, one of the king’s most noble officials should present the man with the robe and the horse. Alternate translation: “then, on your behalf, have one of your most noble officials present the man with the robe and the horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 6 9 j1d3 figs-123person אִ֞ישׁ מִ⁠שָּׂרֵ֤י הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַֽ⁠פַּרְתְּמִ֔ים 1 a man from the most noble officials of the king Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use the second person. Alternate translation: “one of your most noble officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 6 9 j1d3 figs-123person אִ֞ישׁ מִ⁠שָּׂרֵ֤י הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַֽ⁠פַּרְתְּמִ֔ים 1 a man from the most noble officials of the king Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the second person. Alternate translation: “one of your most noble officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 6 9 pfz6 figs-explicit וְ⁠הִלְבִּ֨ישׁוּ֙ 1 And let them clothe Since **them** is plural, it likely refers to the king’s servants. You can say this explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. Alternate translation: “have your servants clothe … with the robe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 9 j1d5 figs-idiom הָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֣ץ בִּֽ⁠יקָר֑⁠וֹ 1 the man in whose honor the king is delighted **To delight** in doing something means to be glad to do something or to want to do something. Alternate translation: “the man whom you really want to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 6 9 abz2 figs-123person הָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֣ץ בִּֽ⁠יקָר֑⁠וֹ 1 the man in whose honor the king is delighted Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use the second person. Alternate translation: “the man whom you really want to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 6 9 abz2 figs-123person הָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֣ץ בִּֽ⁠יקָר֑⁠וֹ 1 the man in whose honor the king is delighted Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the second person. Alternate translation: “the man whom you really want to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 6 9 abz4 בִּ⁠רְח֣וֹב הָ⁠עִ֔יר 1 in the open place of the city This refers to a large, open space in the city, either the space that was in front of the palace (as in [4:6](../04/06.md)), or a space inside one of the city gates. In either case, this would have been a public area where people could gather, and so it was a place where a great number of people would have seen how the king was honoring Mordecai. Alternate translation: “through the public square of the city”
EST 6 9 qs3k וְ⁠קָרְא֣וּ 1 and proclaim Alternate translation: “and tell the noble official and servants to proclaim” or “and have them shout out”
EST 6 9 j1d7 figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנָ֔י⁠ו 1 before his face Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of a person. The phrase means that the servants were to shout out to the people in front of the man on the horse, that is, to the people who were in the path of his horse as it approached. Alternate translation: “to whoever is in front of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 6 9 j1d9 figs-idiom כָּ֚כָה יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה לָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֥ץ בִּ⁠יקָרֽ⁠וֹ 1 Thus shall it be done for the man in whose honor the king is delighted **To delight** in doing something means to be glad to do something or to want to do something. Alternate translation: “the king is doing this because he really wants to honor this man” or “this is what the king does when he especially wants to honor someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 6 9 pwgm figs-activepassive כָּ֚כָה יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה 1 You can say this with an active form, and you can say who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “the king is doing this” or “this is what the king does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 6 10 j2d1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ 1 So the king said to Haman The implication is that the king liked Haman’s suggestion. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king liked this idea, so he replied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 10 j2d1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ 1 So the king said to Haman The implication is that the king liked Haman’s suggestion. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king liked this idea, so he replied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 10 abz5 כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֔רְתָּ וַֽ⁠עֲשֵׂה־כֵן֙ 1 according to how you have spoken, and do thus Alternate translation: “do everything that you have said” or “do just what you have suggested”
EST 6 10 abz6 figs-idiom הַ⁠יּוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּ⁠שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 the man who sits at the gate of the king As in [2:19](../02/19.md), this is likely an idiom which means that Mordecai worked for the king in some capacity and was stationed at the gate. Alternate translation: “one of my servants, who is stationed at the king’s gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 6 10 abz7 figs-123person הַ⁠יּוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּ⁠שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 the man who sits at the gate of the king Here the king speaks of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use the first person. Alternate translation: “one of my servants, who is stationed at the gate to the palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 6 10 abz7 figs-123person הַ⁠יּוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּ⁠שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 the man who sits at the gate of the king Here the king speaks of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “one of my servants, who is stationed at the gate to the palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 6 10 gln7 figs-metaphor אַל־תַּפֵּ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר 1 Do not allow a word to fail Here the action of letting **fall** is a metaphor meaning to leave out or leave unfulfilled. The phrase means that Haman must do absolutely everything that he said. Alternate translation: “do not leave out anything that you suggested” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 6 10 abz8 figs-doublenegatives אַל־תַּפֵּ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר 1 Do not allow a word to fail This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Be sure to do absolutely everything that you have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EST 6 11 abz9 וַ⁠יַּרְכִּיבֵ֨⁠הוּ֙ בִּ⁠רְח֣וֹב הָ⁠עִ֔יר 1 and paraded him in the open place of the city See how you translated these expressions in verse 9. Alternate translation: “seated him on the horse and then led the horse through the public square of the city”
EST 6 11 j2d5 figs-metonymy וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֣א לְ⁠פָנָ֔י⁠ו 1 called out before his face Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of a person. The phrase means that Haman shouted out to the people in front of Mordecai, that is, the people who were in the path of his horse as it approached. Alternate translation: “called out to all of the people in front of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 6 11 j2d7 figs-idiom אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֥ץ בִּ⁠יקָרֽ⁠וֹ 1 Thus shall it be done for the man in whose honor the king is delighted **To delight** in doing something means to be glad to do something or to want to do something. Alternate translation: “the king is doing this because he really wants to honor this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 6 12 uri5 translate-symaction אָבֵ֖ל וַ⁠חֲפ֥וּי רֹֽאשׁ 1 mourning with a covering of head People often covered their heads to show that they were either extremely sad or ashamed. Alternate translation: “covering his head because he felt completely disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 6 13 j3d1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יְסַפֵּ֨ר הָמָ֜ן 1 Then Haman recounted The implication is that, just as Haman gathered his friends together in [5:10](../05/10.md) to boast of his status, now he gathered them together once again to talk about what had just happened. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Haman brought all his friends together again. He told…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 13 aca1 figs-explicit כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֑⁠הוּ 1 everything that had happened to him The implication is that he told about the things that had happened to him “that day.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 13 aca2 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֩אמְרוּ֩ ל֨⁠וֹ חֲכָמָ֜י⁠ו וְ⁠זֶ֣רֶשׁ 1 Then his wise men and Zeresh said to him The implication is that, just as King Ahasuerus had royal advisors, Haman had advisors of his own. They would have been included among the “friends” he gathered for this occasion. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “some of his friends were also his advisors, and they and his wife Zeresh told him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 13 j3d1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יְסַפֵּ֨ר הָמָ֜ן 1 Then Haman recounted The implication is that, just as Haman gathered his friends together in [5:10](../05/10.md) to boast of his status, now he gathered them together once again to talk about what had just happened. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Haman brought all his friends together again. He told…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 13 aca1 figs-explicit כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֑⁠הוּ 1 everything that had happened to him The implication is that he told about the things that had happened to him “that day.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 13 aca2 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֩אמְרוּ֩ ל֨⁠וֹ חֲכָמָ֜י⁠ו וְ⁠זֶ֣רֶשׁ 1 Then his wise men and Zeresh said to him The implication is that, just as King Ahasuerus had royal advisors, Haman had advisors of his own. They would have been included among the “friends” he gathered for this occasion. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “some of his friends were also his advisors, and they and his wife Zeresh told him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 6 13 aca3 חֲכָמָ֜י⁠ו 1 his wise men See how you translated this expression in [1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “his advisors”
EST 6 13 fd5k figs-metaphor אִ֣ם…מָרְדֳּכַ֞י אֲשֶׁר֩ הַחִלּ֨וֹתָ לִ⁠נְפֹּ֤ל לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ 1 If Mordecai, before whose face you have begun to fall This could mean either of two possibilities: (1) The action of falling could refer to bowing down and it could be a metaphor meaning to be dishonored and defeated. Haman wanted Mordecai to bow down in front of him. But instead, the story would be saying that Haman is starting to bow down (in a metaphorical sense) in front of Mordecai. Alternate translation: “Mordecai has begun to humiliate you. If he…” (2) “Fall” could be a figurative way of saying “be killed in battle.” In that case, Zeresh would be comparing Haman and Mordecai to two soldiers who are fighting. She is saying that Haman has already “begun to fall,” that is, he is losing the battle, and he is likely to be killed. Alternate translation: “Mordecai has begun to defeat you. Since he…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 6 13 j3d3 figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ 1 before … face Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of a person. This could mean: (1) that Haman has already begun to fall down (bow down) in front of Mordecai figuratively, or (2) that Haman and Mordecai are facing one another figuratively in hand-to-hand combat. Alternate translation: “before whom” or “in whose presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ EST 7 3 qghp figs-ellipsis וְ⁠עַמִּ֖⁠י 1 If this is unclear in you
EST 7 3 j5d1 figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠בַקָּשָׁתִֽ⁠י 1 at my request The abstract noun **request** can be expressed with the verb “ask for.” Alternate translation: “rhat is what I am asking for” or “rhat is what I want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 7 4 acb1 figs-metaphor כִּ֤י נִמְכַּ֨רְנוּ֙ 1 For we have been sold As Esther points out later in the verse, the Jews actually have not been exchanged for money. Rather, **sell** is a figurative way of saying “turn over to.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this meaning by saying something like “For someone has turned us over to our enemies.” Alternatively, you could use the same figure, but show that it is a comparison. Alternate translation: “it is as though I and my people are cattle that have been sold to be slaughtered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 7 4 fhs7 figs-activepassive כִּ֤י נִמְכַּ֨רְנוּ֙ 1 For we have been sold You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “for someone has sold us” or “for someone has put us in danger of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 7 4 e9cx figs-doublet לְ⁠הַשְׁמִ֖יד לַ⁠הֲר֣וֹג וּ⁠לְ⁠אַבֵּ֑ד 1 for annihilation, for slaughter, and for destruction As in [3:13](../03/13.md), these words mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. If using three words would be difficult or confusing in your language, you can use one word for this and indicate that the destruction is extreme. Alternate translation: “and they are going to kill every one of us” (A “doublet” can involve the use of more than two words.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 7 4 e9cx figs-doublet לְ⁠הַשְׁמִ֖יד לַ⁠הֲר֣וֹג וּ⁠לְ⁠אַבֵּ֑ד 1 for annihilation, for slaughter, and for destruction As in [3:13](../03/13.md), these words mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. If using three words would be difficult or confusing in your language, you could use one word for this and indicate that the destruction is extreme. Alternate translation: “and they are going to kill every one of us” (A “doublet” can involve the use of more than two words.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 7 4 yg01 figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠הַשְׁמִ֖יד לַ⁠הֲר֣וֹג וּ⁠לְ⁠אַבֵּ֑ד 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns such as these, you can replace them with one or more verbs. Alternate translation: “and they are going to kill every one of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 7 4 acb2 וְ֠⁠אִלּוּ לַ⁠עֲבָדִ֨ים וְ⁠לִ⁠שְׁפָח֤וֹת נִמְכַּ֨רְנוּ֙ 1 if we had been sold as slaves and female servants Alternate translation: “if the men and even the women had been sold into slavery”
EST 7 4 j5d3 figs-hyperbole אֵ֥ין הַ⁠צָּ֛ר שֹׁוֶ֖ה בְּ⁠נֵ֥זֶק הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 the distress would not have been equal to a burden of the king Esther is speaking very deferentially and with some exaggeration in order to impress on the king how important this is to her. She is saying that it would have been worth less to her to see her people rescued from slavery than it would have been to see the king spared the trouble of intervening on their behalf. (Haman uses the expression of “not equal” in this same sense in [5:13](../05/13.md).) Alternate translation: “that would have been a matter too small to bother you with” or “that would be a small matter to a king like you, but this is very much worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -693,19 +693,19 @@ EST 7 6 j5d5 figs-doublet צַ֣ר וְ⁠אוֹיֵ֔ב 1 A man, and adversary,
EST 7 6 ar4f נִבְעַ֔ת 1 was terrified Alternative translation: “was extremely afraid”
EST 7 6 j5d9 figs-metonymy נִבְעַ֔ת מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֥י 1 terrified from before the face of Here, **face** figuratively means the presence of a person. The phrase means that Haman was now extremely afraid to be in the presence of King Ahasuerus and Queen Esther. Alternate translation: “this made Haman very afraid to be in the presence of the king and the queen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 7 7 bzd4 figs-idiom וְ⁠הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ קָ֤ם בַּ⁠חֲמָת⁠וֹ֙ מִ⁠מִּשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַ⁠יַּ֔יִן 1 Then the king rose up in his rage from the banquet of wine Here, **in his rage** is an idiom meaning to be extremely angry. Alternate translation: “the king was extremely angry and got up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 7 7 j6d1 figs-explicit אֶל־גִּנַּ֖ת הַ⁠בִּיתָ֑ן 1 rose up … to the garden of the palace The implication is that Ahasuerus went outside to absorb the shock that a man he had promoted to the highest position in his empire was plotting to destroy his queen and her whole people. Ahasuerus needed to sort out his conflicting loyalties and decide what to do about this. If it would be misunderstood, you can say explicitly why he went outside. Alternate translation: “he went outside to the palace garden to decide what to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 7 7 j6d1 figs-explicit אֶל־גִּנַּ֖ת הַ⁠בִּיתָ֑ן 1 rose up … to the garden of the palace The implication is that Ahasuerus went outside to absorb the shock that a man he had promoted to the highest position in his empire was plotting to destroy his queen and her whole people. Ahasuerus needed to sort out his conflicting loyalties and decide what to do about this. If it would be misunderstood, you could say explicitly why he went outside. Alternate translation: “he went outside to the palace garden to decide what to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 7 7 uaq6 figs-metaphor לְ⁠בַקֵּ֤שׁ עַל־נַפְשׁ⁠וֹ֙ 1 in order to seek for his life Here, **seeking** figuratively means to beg or plead urgently for something. This phrase means that Haman wanted to beg Esther to persuade the king not to order his execution. Alternate translation: “to plead with Queen Esther to spare his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 7 7 qz1m figs-metaphor כִּ֣י רָאָ֔ה 1 for he saw Here, **seeing** is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. Alternate translation: “he realized” or “he understood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 7 7 nin1 figs-activepassive כָלְתָ֥ה אֵלָ֛י⁠ו הָ⁠רָעָ֖ה מֵ⁠אֵ֥ת הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 evil was determined against him by the king You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the king had decided to cause a disaster against him” or “the king was decided to destroy him” or “the king had decided to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 7 7 j6d3 figs-abstractnouns כָלְתָ֥ה אֵלָ֛י⁠ו הָ⁠רָעָ֖ה מֵ⁠אֵ֥ת הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 evil was determined against him by the king Here the abstract noun **evil** means “harm,” not something that is morally wrong as in the previous verse. In this context, it can be expressed with a verb such as “execute.” Alternate translation: “the king was likely to execute him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 7 8 j6d5 figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠מֶּ֡לֶךְ שָׁב֩…וְ⁠הָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֔ל 1 Now when the king returned … Haman was fallen The implication is that when the king returned to the room, he saw what this verse describes next. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “when the king returned…, he saw that Haman had fallen…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 7 8 h4c7 figs-explicit וְ⁠הָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֔ל עַל־הַ⁠מִּטָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 Now … Haman was fallen on the couch on which Esther was The implication is that Haman was doing this as he pleaded for his life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can add that information to the end of this phrase: “…as he was begging Esther to spare his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 7 8 j6d5 figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠מֶּ֡לֶךְ שָׁב֩…וְ⁠הָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֔ל 1 Now when the king returned … Haman was fallen The implication is that when the king returned to the room, he saw what this verse describes next. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “when the king returned…, he saw that Haman had fallen…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 7 8 h4c7 figs-explicit וְ⁠הָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֔ל עַל־הַ⁠מִּטָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 Now … Haman was fallen on the couch on which Esther was The implication is that Haman was doing this as he pleaded for his life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could add that information to the end of this phrase: “…as he was begging Esther to spare his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 7 8 acb8 figs-events וְ⁠הָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֔ל עַל־הַ⁠מִּטָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 Now … Haman was fallen on the couch on which Esther was If you prefer to present the events in chronological order, you can put this information first in the verse. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
EST 7 8 acb9 figs-idiom וְ⁠הָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֔ל עַל־הַ⁠מִּטָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 Now … Haman was fallen on the couch on which Esther was The expression **was fallen** means that as Haman was begging for his life, he was not standing up; he had suddenly come down very close to Esther as she was reclining on a couch. (From the impression that the king got when he returned, it is possible that Haman was even grabbing her arms or shoulders as he pleaded with Esther.) Alternate translation: “Haman had come down very close to Esther as she was reclining on a banqueting couch” or “Haman had thrown himself down on the couch where Esther was reclining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 7 8 acc0 הַ⁠מִּטָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 the couch on which Esther was In this culture, especially at a banquet like this one, wealthy people would recline on couches as they ate and drank. Alternate translation: “Esther’s banqueting couch”
EST 7 8 thq6 figs-rquestion הֲ֠⁠גַם לִ⁠כְבּ֧וֹשׁ אֶת־הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֛ה עִמִּ֖⁠י בַּ⁠בָּ֑יִת 1 Is it also to subdue the queen, with me, in the house? The king phrases this as a question to show his shock and anger at what he thinks Haman is doing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can phrase it as a statement. Alternate translation: “he is even trying to rape the queen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST 7 8 thq6 figs-rquestion הֲ֠⁠גַם לִ⁠כְבּ֧וֹשׁ אֶת־הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֛ה עִמִּ֖⁠י בַּ⁠בָּ֑יִת 1 Is it also to subdue the queen, with me, in the house? The king phrases this as a question to show his shock and anger at what he thinks Haman is doing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could phrase it as a statement. Alternate translation: “he is even trying to rape the queen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST 7 8 l4ce figs-euphemism לִ⁠כְבּ֧וֹשׁ אֶת־הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֛ה 1 to subdue the queen The story is using a mild expression to refer to something that is disturbing. In this context, “subdue” means “rape.” The king thought that Haman was trying to rape Esther, and he likely said just that. You can show this in your translation if you want to make this clear. Alternate translation: “trying to rape the queen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EST 7 8 acc1 figs-parallelism עִמִּ֖⁠י בַּ⁠בָּ֑יִת 1 with me, in the house These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize the idea that they are expressing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine the phrases. However, each one does indicate something slightly different about what a serious offense it would be if Haman actually were trying to rape Esther. It would be a violation of the king’s personal trust and a violation of the trust implicit in hospitality. So you can also include both phrases. Alternate translation: “in my presence and in my own house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EST 7 8 acc1 figs-parallelism עִמִּ֖⁠י בַּ⁠בָּ֑יִת 1 with me, in the house These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize the idea that they are expressing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine the phrases. However, each one does indicate something slightly different about what a serious offense it would be if Haman actually were trying to rape Esther. It would be a violation of the king’s personal trust and a violation of the trust implicit in hospitality. So you could also include both phrases. Alternate translation: “in my presence and in my own house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EST 7 8 adq6 figs-idiom הַ⁠דָּבָ֗ר יָצָא֙ מִ⁠פִּ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 The word was going out from the mouth of the king This expression describes the action of speaking. Alternate translation: “as soon as the king said this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 7 8 acc2 grammar-connect-time-background הַ⁠דָּבָ֗ר…וּ⁠פְנֵ֥י הָמָ֖ן חָפֽוּ 1 The word was going out … when they covered the face of Haman The king spoke, and then the servants covered Haman’s face. One action followed upon another. However, this happened so quickly that almost no time seemed to pass in between. You can indicate this with a phrase like “as soon as.” Alternate translation: “when the king said this, immediately they covered Haman’s face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
EST 7 8 j6d9 figs-explicit וּ⁠פְנֵ֥י הָמָ֖ן חָפֽוּ 1 when they covered the face of Haman The implication is that some the king’s servants who were present did this, and they did it because they understood that the king wanted Haman to be executed. Alternate translation: “some of his servants covered Haman’s face because he was going to be executed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -719,30 +719,30 @@ EST 7 9 j7d5 translate-unknown הָ⁠עֵ֣ץ 1 the tree See how you translated
EST 7 9 j7d7 figs-idiom לְֽ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֧ר דִּבֶּר־ט֣וֹב עַל־הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ 1 for Mordecai, who spoke good for the king This expression means that Mordecai said something that benefitted the king. Specifically, Mordecai reported an assassination plot and saved the king’s life. Alternate translation: “Mordecai, who saved the king’s life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 7 9 j7d9 figs-123person דִּבֶּר־ט֣וֹב עַל־הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ 1 spoke good for the king Harbona addresses the king in the third person as a way of showing respect. Alternate translation: “saved your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 7 9 acc6 עֹמֵד֙ 1 is standing Alternate translation: “is set up”
EST 7 9 sre1 translate-bdistance גָּבֹ֖הַּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֑ה 1 50 cubits high If your readers would misunderstand this, you can convert this to a modern measure. See how you translated this phrase in [5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “seventy-five feet high” or “twenty-five meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EST 7 9 acc7 figs-explicit תְּלֻ֥⁠הוּ עָלָֽי⁠ו 1 Hang him on it **Him** means Haman. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “hang [or impale] Haman on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 7 9 sre1 translate-bdistance גָּבֹ֖הַּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֑ה 1 50 cubits high If your readers would misunderstand this, you could convert this to a modern measure. See how you translated this phrase in [5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “seventy-five feet high” or “twenty-five meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EST 7 9 acc7 figs-explicit תְּלֻ֥⁠הוּ עָלָֽי⁠ו 1 Hang him on it **Him** means Haman. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “hang [or impale] Haman on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 7 10 j8d3 translate-unknown הָ⁠עֵ֖ץ 1 the tree See how you translated this in [2:23](../02/23.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. Be sure your translation is consistent in the chapters that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 7 10 umd4 figs-metaphor וַ⁠חֲמַ֥ת הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ שָׁכָֽכָה 1 and the rage of the king subsided Here the story figuratively compares the king’s anger to floodwaters, which can cause great destruction. “Subside” means for waters to drain away and for their level to go down. You could express the meaning by saying something like “Then the king’s rage lessened,” or “Then the king was not so angry.” Or you could use a different metaphor that would be meaningful in your language, such as, “Then the king cooled off.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 intro z6j7 0 # Esther 8 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s protection<br>Yahweh is at work in this chapter preventing the possible destruction of the Jews. God used Esther and Mordecai to protect their people.
EST 8 1 j8d5 writing-newevent בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠ה֗וּא 1 On that day This could mean one of three things: (1) A new series of events is now being described, but the story makes clear that they happened on the same day as the second banquet. While it must have been some time later in the day, the idea is that when Haman lost his life, and also his property, Esther gained what her enemy had lost. Alternate translation: “that same day” (2) The expression could also be an idiom that means “as of that day.” This would refer to the effective date for the transfer of Haman’s property to Esther. Alternate translation: “as of that day” (3) The term “day” could also be used figuratively to mean around the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST 8 1 j8d7 figs-synecdoche נָתַ֞ן הַ⁠מֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ֙ לְ⁠אֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֔ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית הָמָ֖ן 1 the king Ahasuerus gave to Esther the queen the house of Haman Here, **house** figuratively represents all the household and property of Haman. The story could be referring to all the property by naming one part of it, the house. Or “house” could be a metonym for “property,” meaning everything a person owns and keeps in their house, and by extension everything they own beyond the house as well. Alternate translation: “King Ahasuerus declared that everything that Haman had owned would now belong to Queen Esther” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EST 8 1 nm3u figs-distinguish צֹרֵ֣ר הַיְּהוּדִ֑ים 1 the adversary of the Jews This phrase gives clarifying information about Haman. Alternate translation: “the enemy of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
EST 8 1 acc9 figs-explicit וּ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֗י בָּ֚א לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Mordecai came before the face of the king The implication is that when the king learned how Mordecai was related to Esther, he summoned Mordecai into his presence. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when he learned that, the king sent for Mordecai to come into his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 1 acc9 figs-explicit וּ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֗י בָּ֚א לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Mordecai came before the face of the king The implication is that when the king learned how Mordecai was related to Esther, he summoned Mordecai into his presence. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when he learned that, the king sent for Mordecai to come into his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 1 j8d9 figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 before the face of the king Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. This phrase indicates that Mordecai was allowed to come into the king’s presence. Alternate translation: “into his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 8 1 acd0 figs-events הִגִּ֥ידָה אֶסְתֵּ֖ר מַ֥ה הוּא־לָֽ⁠הּ 1 Esther told what he was to her You can say this before saying that the king summoned Mordecai, since it happened first. See the UST. Alternate translation: “Esther told the king how Mordecai was related to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
EST 8 1 j9d1 figs-explicit הִגִּ֥ידָה אֶסְתֵּ֖ר מַ֥ה הוּא־לָֽ⁠הּ 1 Esther told what he was to her Esther told this to the king. She would likely have explained not just how she and Mordecai were related, but that he had raised her after her parents died. You can say this If your readers would misunderstand this. Alternate translation: “Esther told the king that Mordecai was her cousin and that he had been like a father to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 2 m5hz translate-symaction וַ⁠יָּ֨סַר הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־טַבַּעְתּ֗⁠וֹ…וַֽ⁠יִּתְּנָ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 the king removed his signet ring … and he gave it to Mordecai Giving the ring to Mordecai showed that Mordecai could now act on the king’s own authority, and it enabled him to do that. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king now gave this ring to Mordecai to show that Mordecai had the power to act on the authority of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 8 1 j9d1 figs-explicit הִגִּ֥ידָה אֶסְתֵּ֖ר מַ֥ה הוּא־לָֽ⁠הּ 1 Esther told what he was to her Esther told this to the king. She would likely have explained not just how she and Mordecai were related, but that he had raised her after her parents died. you could say this If your readers would misunderstand this. Alternate translation: “Esther told the king that Mordecai was her cousin and that he had been like a father to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 2 m5hz translate-symaction וַ⁠יָּ֨סַר הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־טַבַּעְתּ֗⁠וֹ…וַֽ⁠יִּתְּנָ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 the king removed his signet ring … and he gave it to Mordecai Giving the ring to Mordecai showed that Mordecai could now act on the king’s own authority, and it enabled him to do that. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king now gave this ring to Mordecai to show that Mordecai had the power to act on the authority of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 8 2 acd1 translate-unknown טַבַּעְתּ֗⁠וֹ 1 signet ring See how you translated this in [3:10](../03/10.md). Review the explanation there if that would be helpful. Alternate translation: “the ring that had his official seal on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 8 2 j9d3 figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱבִיר֙ מֵֽ⁠הָמָ֔ן 1 that he had caused to pass from Haman This means that the king had taken back his signet ring from Haman. He would have done this when he sentenced Haman to death. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king had given Haman the ring that had his official seal on it, but he had taken it back from Haman when he sentenced Haman to death, and the king was wearing it again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 2 acd2 figs-events אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱבִיר֙ מֵֽ⁠הָמָ֔ן 1 that he had caused to pass from Haman If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put this information first in the verse because it happened before everything else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
EST 8 2 z5yn figs-explicit וַֽ⁠יִּתְּנָ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 and he gave it to Mordecai By giving his signet ring to Mordecai, the king gave Mordecai the authority to write important papers that people would have to obey. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 2 j9d3 figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱבִיר֙ מֵֽ⁠הָמָ֔ן 1 that he had caused to pass from Haman This means that the king had taken back his signet ring from Haman. He would have done this when he sentenced Haman to death. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king had given Haman the ring that had his official seal on it, but he had taken it back from Haman when he sentenced Haman to death, and the king was wearing it again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 2 acd2 figs-events אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱבִיר֙ מֵֽ⁠הָמָ֔ן 1 that he had caused to pass from Haman If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this information first in the verse because it happened before everything else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
EST 8 2 z5yn figs-explicit וַֽ⁠יִּתְּנָ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 and he gave it to Mordecai By giving his signet ring to Mordecai, the king gave Mordecai the authority to write important papers that people would have to obey. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 2 acd3 figs-metaphor וַ⁠תָּ֧שֶׂם אֶסְתֵּ֛ר אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַ֖י עַל־בֵּ֥ית הָמָֽן 1 Esther placed Mordecai over the house of Haman To place someone over something figuratively means to put them in charge of it. Alternate translation: “Esther appointed Mordecai to be in charge of everything that had belonged to Haman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 2 d2tj figs-metonymy בֵּ֥ית הָמָֽן 1 the house of Haman See the explanation of this phrase in verse 1. Alternate translation: “everything that Haman had owned” or “the household of Haman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 8 3 j9d5 writing-newevent וַ⁠תּ֣וֹסֶף אֶסְתֵּ֗ר וַ⁠תְּדַבֵּר֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Then Esther repeated her action, and she spoke before the face of the king Here the exact meaning of the progression of verbs is uncertain, but this verse probably begins a new event in the story separate from what happened in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “then Esther again spoke in the king’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST 8 3 j9d7 figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 before the face of the king Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. Alternate translation: “while she was in his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 8 3 j9d9 figs-idiom וַ⁠תִּפֹּ֖ל לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו 1 And she fell before the face of his feet Here, **falling** is an idiom referring to the action of bowing down or prostrating oneself, and **face** figuratively represents the front of a person, place, or object. Alternate translation: “and she bowed down” or “and she prostrated herself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 8 3 acd4 translate-symaction וַ⁠תִּפֹּ֖ל לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו 1 And she fell before the face of his feet This may actually mean that Esther put her face right on top of the feet of King Ahasuerus. This would have been an act of humility and desperation by which she showed that her need was very great and that she believed the king had great power to help her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 8 3 acd5 figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּפֹּ֖ל לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו 1 And she fell before the face of his feet Esther’s action was probably a recognized sign of pleading in this culture. However, it would likely still have been remarkable for a queen to fall at the feet of her husband, the king. You can show this by introducing the information with a phrase like “in fact.” Alternate translation: “in fact, to show how desperately she was pleading, Esther got down and put her face right on top of his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 3 acd5 figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּפֹּ֖ל לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו 1 And she fell before the face of his feet Esther’s action was probably a recognized sign of pleading in this culture. However, it would likely still have been remarkable for a queen to fall at the feet of her husband, the king. you could show this by introducing the information with a phrase like “in fact.” Alternate translation: “in fact, to show how desperately she was pleading, Esther got down and put her face right on top of his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 3 j1r1 figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו 1 before the face of his feet Here, **face** is a metonym meaning the front of a person, place, or object. This phrase means that Esther prostrated herself in front of the feet of King Ahasuerus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 8 3 jmn7 figs-idiom לְ⁠הַֽעֲבִיר֙ אֶת־רָעַת֙ הָמָ֣ן הָֽ⁠אֲגָגִ֔י 1 to take away the evil of Haman the Agagite and his plot that he had plotted against the Jews Here, **the evil** refers to Haman’s plan. This expression means to prevent a wrong action from happening. Alternate translation: “to stop the evil plan of Haman the Agagite” or “to prevent the evil things from happening that Haman the Agagite had planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 8 3 bp22 translate-names הָֽ⁠אֲגָגִ֔י 1 the Agagite This is the name of Haman’s people group. See how you translated this in [3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -782,18 +782,18 @@ EST 8 8 j3r3 translate-unknown בְּ⁠טַבַּ֣עַת הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶך
EST 8 8 acf3 figs-123person בְּ⁠טַבַּ֣עַת הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 with the signet ring of the king King Ahasuerus refers to himself in the third person. You can have him say this in the first person. Alternate translation: “the ring that has my official seal on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST 8 8 j3r5 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 For Here, King Ahasuerus is expressing the reason why he cannot simply revoke the first letter and also why Esther and Mordecai can write another letter that people must obey. Alternate translation: “you see” or “people will obey your letter because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 8 8 acf4 אֵ֥ין לְ⁠הָשִֽׁיב 1 there is none to take back a writing As in verse 5, this expression means “revoke.” Alternate translation: “no one can revoke” or “no one can nullify”
EST 8 8 acf5 כְתָ֞ב…אֵ֥ין לְ⁠הָשִֽׁיב 1 there is none to take back a writing If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put this first in the verse because it explains why Ahasuerus answers Esther and Mordecai in the way that he does. See the UST.
EST 8 8 acf6 figs-explicit כְתָ֞ב אֲשֶׁר־נִכְתָּ֣ב בְּ⁠שֵׁם־הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ וְ⁠נַחְתּ֛וֹם בְּ⁠טַבַּ֥עַת הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ 1 a writing that has been written in the name of the king and has been sealed with the signet ring of the king The king is describing a general situation, but he has Haman’s letter specifically in mind. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Haman wrote his letter with my authority, and he sealed it with the ring that has my official seal on it. No one can revoke a letter like that” (The story explained in [1:19](../01/19.md) that the king’s laws could not be changed once they had been made and proclaimed.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 8 acf5 כְתָ֞ב…אֵ֥ין לְ⁠הָשִֽׁיב 1 there is none to take back a writing If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this first in the verse because it explains why Ahasuerus answers Esther and Mordecai in the way that he does. See the UST.
EST 8 8 acf6 figs-explicit כְתָ֞ב אֲשֶׁר־נִכְתָּ֣ב בְּ⁠שֵׁם־הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ וְ⁠נַחְתּ֛וֹם בְּ⁠טַבַּ֥עַת הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ 1 a writing that has been written in the name of the king and has been sealed with the signet ring of the king The king is describing a general situation, but he has Haman’s letter specifically in mind. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Haman wrote his letter with my authority, and he sealed it with the ring that has my official seal on it. No one can revoke a letter like that” (The story explained in [1:19](../01/19.md) that the king’s laws could not be changed once they had been made and proclaimed.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 9 acf7 grammar-connect-logic-result וַ⁠יִּקָּרְא֣וּ סֹפְרֵֽי־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ 1 So … were called This indicates that what is described in this verse was done because of what the king said in the previous verse. Use a connecting word or phrase to show this in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 8 9 s4ue figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּקָּרְא֣וּ סֹפְרֵֽי־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ 1 So the scribes of the king were called You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the king called his scribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 8 9 acf8 וַ⁠יִּקָּרְא֣וּ סֹפְרֵֽי־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ 1 So the scribes of the king were called If you use an expression such as “called,” make sure your readers will understand that the king likely sent an official to go and bring the scribes back with him. The king did not call out in a loud voice to get them to come.
EST 8 9 j4r1 translate-ordinal בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֜י 1 in the third month Alternate translation: “in month three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 8 9 acf9 figs-explicit בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֜י 1 in the third month It would still be the same year as in [3:7](../03/07.md), the twelfth year that Ahasuerus reigned as king of Persia. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the third month of the year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 9 acf9 figs-explicit בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֜י 1 in the third month It would still be the same year as in [3:7](../03/07.md), the twelfth year that Ahasuerus reigned as king of Persia. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the third month of the year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 9 j356 translate-hebrewmonths הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ סִיוָ֗ן 1 which is the month of Sivan **Sivan** is the name of the third month of the Hebrew calendar. Alternate translation: “the month of Sivan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
EST 8 9 acg1 הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ סִיוָ֗ן 1 which is the month of Sivan The story is being recorded from the perspective of the Persian court, but for the benefit of its intended Jewish audience, the Hebrew name of the month is given. This month overlaps with May and June on a Western calendar.
EST 8 9 j4r3 translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֣ה וְ⁠עֶשְׂרִים֮ בּ⁠וֹ֒ 1 on the twenty-third of it Alternation translation: “on day 23” or “on the twenty-third day of the month” The exact date of the letter helps to establish its legal authority. This would be on June 25th of a Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 8 9 sz6j figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּכָּתֵ֣ב כְּֽ⁠כָל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מָרְדֳּכַ֣י 1 And according to all that Mordecai commanded it was written You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “and they wrote in a letter everything that Mordecai dictated to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 8 9 acg2 figs-explicit אֶל־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֡ים 1 to the Jews It appears from verse 11 that the letter would have been addressed specifically to the Jews in the empire, telling them that the king had authorized them to defend themselves. But copies were also sent to all the royal and provincial officials. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the letter addressed the Jews in the empire, but copies were also sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 9 acg2 figs-explicit אֶל־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֡ים 1 to the Jews It appears from verse 11 that the letter would have been addressed specifically to the Jews in the empire, telling them that the king had authorized them to defend themselves. But copies were also sent to all the royal and provincial officials. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the letter addressed the Jews in the empire, but copies were also sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 9 acg3 וְ⁠אֶ֣ל הָ⁠אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִֽים־וְ⁠הַ⁠פַּחוֹת֩ וְ⁠שָׂרֵ֨י הַ⁠מְּדִינ֜וֹת 1 and to the satraps, and the governors and officials of the provinces See how you translated these terms in [3:12](../03/12.md), where they were used to describe who received Haman’s letter. These are all people in government positions. The first one is the governor of the province and the other two are rulers under him who govern cities or smaller areas. If your language uses one term for all of these, you could use that with a descriptive phrase such as “to the government leaders of each province and also to the leaders under him.”
EST 8 9 acg4 אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ מֵ⁠הֹ֣דּוּ וְ⁠עַד־כּ֗וּשׁ שֶׁ֣בַע וְ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּ⁠מֵאָה֙ מְדִינָ֔ה 1 that were from India even as far as Ethiopia: 127 provinces This is background information explaining how far this new letter had to be sent. See how you translated this phrase in [1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “the empire of Ahasuerus had 127 provinces, stretching all the way from India in the east to Ethiopia in the west”
EST 8 9 zp4q translate-numbers שֶׁ֣בַע וְ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּ⁠מֵאָה֙ מְדִינָ֔ה 1 127 provinces Alternate translation: “one hundred and twenty-seven provinces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ EST 8 9 j4r9 figs-metonymy כִּ⁠לְשֹׁנ֑⁠וֹ 1 according to its ton
EST 8 9 j5r1 וְ⁠אֶ֨ל־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים כִּ⁠כְתָבָ֖⁠ם וְ⁠כִ⁠לְשׁוֹנָֽ⁠ם 1 and to the Jews according to their writing and according to their tongue The Jews would have been included among all the people groups in the empire in the phrase “people by people.” So this seems to be saying, “and especially to the Jews.” Verse 11 explains that it was particularly important for the Jews to read the letter because it gave them the right to defend themselves. Alternate translation: “they wrote especially to the Jews in their own script and in their own language”
EST 8 10 acg5 וַ⁠יִּכְתֹּ֗ב…וַ⁠יַּחְתֹּ֖ם 1 And he wrote … and he sealed **He** refers to Mordecai. You can use his name here If your readers would misunderstand this.
EST 8 10 ijp2 figs-metaphor בְּ⁠שֵׁם֙ הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁ 1 in the name of King Ahasuerus Here, **name** is a metaphor meaning authority. Alternate translation: “Mordecai wrote with the authority of King Ahasuerus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 10 jf31 figs-explicit וַ⁠יַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּ⁠טַבַּ֣עַת הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 and he sealed with the signet ring of the king This means that Mordecai sealed the letters with this ring. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he sealed the letters with the ring that had the king’s official seal on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 10 jf31 figs-explicit וַ⁠יַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּ⁠טַבַּ֣עַת הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 and he sealed with the signet ring of the king This means that Mordecai sealed the letters with this ring. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he sealed the letters with the ring that had the king’s official seal on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 10 yt4j figs-metaphor בְּ⁠יַד֩ הָ⁠רָצִ֨ים בַּ⁠סּוּסִ֜ים 1 by the hand of runners on horses As in [3:13](../03/13.md), **hand** could mean two different things. (1) It could literally mean “hand,” meaning that the runners carried the letters in their hands. (2) It could also be a metaphor for power, control, or authority, meaning that runners were the ones who delivered the letters to all the provinces throughout the empire. Alternate translation: “couriers on horseback delivered the letters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 10 acg6 רֹכְבֵ֤י הָ⁠רֶ֨כֶשׁ֙ הָֽ⁠אֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים בְּנֵ֖י הָֽ⁠רַמָּכִֽים 1 riders of the royal pack horses, sons of the mares Alternate translation: “They rose fast horses that were used in the king’s service. These horses had been bred in the king’s stables.”
EST 8 10 p9uc figs-metonymy בְּנֵ֖י הָֽ⁠רַמָּכִֽים 1 sons of the mares Here, **sons** is a metonym meaning the offspring of royal livestock. Alternate translation: “the offspring of the king’s horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ EST 8 12 ach0 figs-explicit בְּ⁠י֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד 1 on one day This w
EST 8 12 ach1 בְּ⁠כָל־מְדִינ֖וֹת הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ 1 in all of the provinces of the king Ahasuerus Alternate translation: “in every province of the kingdom”
EST 8 12 j6r3 translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר 1 on the thirteenth Alternate translation: “on day 13” or “on the thirteenth day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 8 12 hi2y translate-ordinal לְ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר 1 of the twelfth month Alternate translation: “of month 12” or “of the twelfth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 8 12 ach2 figs-explicit לְ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר 1 of the twelfth month Implicitly, this means “the twelfth month of that same year.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 12 ach2 figs-explicit לְ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר 1 of the twelfth month Implicitly, this means “the twelfth month of that same year.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 12 j6r4 translate-hebrewmonths הוּא־חֹ֥דֶשׁ אֲדָֽר 1 which is the month of Adar This is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. See how you translated this in [3:07](../03/07.md) and [3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
EST 8 13 j6r5 figs-activepassive פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן הַ⁠כְּתָ֗ב לְ⁠הִנָּ֤תֵֽן דָּת֙ 1 was to be given as a law You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the letter told the officials to proclaim this as a law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 8 13 j6r7 figs-idiom בְּ⁠כָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּ⁠מְדִינָ֔ה 1 in every province by province This expression means “in each and every province.” Alternate translation: “in every single province” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -832,12 +832,12 @@ EST 8 14 ach8 figs-events הָ⁠רָצִ֞ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָ⁠רֶ֨כ
EST 8 14 j6r9 figs-activepassive וְ⁠הַ⁠דָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה 1 And the law was given You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the king’s officials also posted and read copies of the letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 8 15 j7r3 writing-newevent וּ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֞י יָצָ֣א 1 Then Mordecai went out This introduces a new event in the story. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST 8 15 j7r5 figs-metonymy מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ 1 from before the face of the king Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. This phrase means that Mordecai had been in the presence of King Ahasuerus and was now leaving in order to fulfill his duties as a high official in the Persian government. Alternate translation: “from the palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 8 15 ach9 figs-explicit בִּ⁠לְב֤וּשׁ מַלְכוּת֙ תְּכֵ֣לֶת וָ⁠ח֔וּר וַ⁠עֲטֶ֤רֶת זָהָב֙ גְּדוֹלָ֔ה וְ⁠תַכְרִ֥יךְ בּ֖וּץ וְ⁠אַרְגָּמָ֑ן 1 in a garment of royalty of blue and white, with a great crown of gold and a robe of fine linen and purple The implication is that the king gave Mordecai these special things to wear to show that he was now his highest officer. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. To put these events in chronological order, you can place this information before the report that Mordecai left the king’s presence to fulfill his duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 15 ach9 figs-explicit בִּ⁠לְב֤וּשׁ מַלְכוּת֙ תְּכֵ֣לֶת וָ⁠ח֔וּר וַ⁠עֲטֶ֤רֶת זָהָב֙ גְּדוֹלָ֔ה וְ⁠תַכְרִ֥יךְ בּ֖וּץ וְ⁠אַרְגָּמָ֑ן 1 in a garment of royalty of blue and white, with a great crown of gold and a robe of fine linen and purple The implication is that the king gave Mordecai these special things to wear to show that he was now his highest officer. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. To put these events in chronological order, you could place this information before the report that Mordecai left the king’s presence to fulfill his duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 15 aci1 בִּ⁠לְב֤וּשׁ מַלְכוּת֙ תְּכֵ֣לֶת 1 a garment of royalty of blue and white Alternate translation: “a blue and white garment that the king had worn”
EST 8 15 aci2 וַ⁠עֲטֶ֤רֶת זָהָב֙ גְּדוֹלָ֔ה 1 a great crown of gold Alternate translation: “a large golden crown”
EST 8 15 eqc4 figs-metonymy וְ⁠הָ⁠עִ֣יר שׁוּשָׁ֔ן צָהֲלָ֖ה וְ⁠שָׂמֵֽחָה 1 and the city of Susa Here, **the city** represents the people living in it. Alternate translation: “the people of Susa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 8 15 i1ec figs-hendiadys צָהֲלָ֖ה וְ⁠שָׂמֵֽחָה 1 cheered and rejoiced This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with “and.” The word **rejoiced** tells how they cheered. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express the meaning by saying something like “shouted joyfully.” Alternate translation: “cheered and were happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EST 8 15 aci3 figs-explicit צָהֲלָ֖ה וְ⁠שָׂמֵֽחָה 1 cheered and rejoiced The implication is that the people did this when they saw Mordecai. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 15 aci3 figs-explicit צָהֲלָ֖ה וְ⁠שָׂמֵֽחָה 1 cheered and rejoiced The implication is that the people did this when they saw Mordecai. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 16 q2ru figs-metaphor הָֽיְתָ֥ה אוֹרָ֖ה 1 there was light Here, **light** figuratively represents happiness. Alternate translation: “the Jews felt happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 16 aci4 figs-doublet הָֽיְתָ֥ה אוֹרָ֖ה וְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֑ה 1 there was light and joy The terms **light** and **joy** refer to the same thing here. They are used together to emphasize the extreme happiness that the Jews felt. Alternate translation: “the Jews felt very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 8 16 j8r1 figs-doublet וְ⁠שָׂשֹׂ֖ן וִ⁠יקָֽר 1 and rejoicing and honor These terms have similar meaning and are used together with the previous doublet to emphasize again the great happiness and joy that the Jews felt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -848,14 +848,14 @@ EST 8 17 va7t figs-personification מְקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דְּבַר־
EST 8 17 j8r5 figs-doublet שִׂמְחָ֤ה וְ⁠שָׂשׂוֹן֙ לַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים 1 there was joy and rejoicing for the Jews The terms **joy** and **rejoicing** have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the great happiness and joy that the Jews felt. Alternate translation: “the Jews rejoiced greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 8 17 p89m figs-doublet מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 a feast and a good day These two terms mean something similar and are used together to emphasize the great happiness and joy that the Jews felt. Alternate translation: “and had festive celebrations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 8 17 aci5 figs-idiom וְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 a good day This expression generally means a day of happiness or celebration. Alternate translation: “and a holiday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 8 17 aci6 figs-explicit וְ⁠רַבִּ֞ים מֵֽ⁠עַמֵּ֤י הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ מִֽתְיַהֲדִ֔ים 1 And many from the peoples of the land became Jews The implication is that they did this because they thought that the Jews might attack them when the Jews fought back against their enemies. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 17 aci6 figs-explicit וְ⁠רַבִּ֞ים מֵֽ⁠עַמֵּ֤י הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ מִֽתְיַהֲדִ֔ים 1 And many from the peoples of the land became Jews The implication is that they did this because they thought that the Jews might attack them when the Jews fought back against their enemies. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 8 17 aci7 וְ⁠רַבִּ֞ים מֵֽ⁠עַמֵּ֤י הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ מִֽתְיַהֲדִ֔ים 1 And many from the peoples of the land Alternate translation: “many people from the other ethnic groups in the empire”
EST 8 17 aci8 figs-idiom מֵֽ⁠עַמֵּ֤י הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ 1 from the peoples of the land The **peoples of the land** were the non-Jewish people groups within the empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 8 17 r3qf figs-metaphor נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֖ים עֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 dread of the Jews had fallen on them Here, **falling** is a metaphor meaning to affect someone. Alternate translation: “they had become very afraid of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 8 17 aci9 figs-events נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֖ים עֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 dread of the Jews had fallen upon them To present the events in chronological order, you can say this before saying that the people from the other groups became Jews themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
EST 9 intro yty1 0 # Esther 9 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Purim<br><br>The events of this chapter were so significant, the Jews celebrated these events every year after this. It is known as “Purim.”<br><br>## Important stylistic devices in this chapter<br><br>### Ironic Situation<br><br>The day that was supposed to bring great victory to the enemies of the Jews became a day of great victory for the Jews. This is a type of irony.<br><br>### Opening Summary<br><br>Verse 1 of chapter 9 provides a summary of everything that happens in this chapter. If using an opening summary is not normally used in your language, be sure to mark this as a summary either in the text or in a footnote. An opening summary like this is a characteristic device of Hebrew storytelling. So even though it describes the final outcome, we do not recommend that you move it to the end of the chapter unless it is very confusing to leave it here. To make it clear that verse 1 is only a summary and not the entire story, you could say something like this at the end of the verse: “This is what happened” or “Here are more details about what happened.”
EST 9 1 j8r7 writing-newevent וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁנֵים֩ עָשָׂ֨ר חֹ֜דֶשׁ 1 Now in the twelfth month This introduces a new event. Use a natural way in your language to indicate a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST 9 1 acj0 figs-explicit וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁנֵים֩ עָשָׂ֨ר חֹ֜דֶשׁ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֗ר בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 Now in the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, on the thirteenth day of it The implication is that this happened in the twelfth month of the same year that the letters were sent out. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month of that year, the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 1 acj0 figs-explicit וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁנֵים֩ עָשָׂ֨ר חֹ֜דֶשׁ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֗ר בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 Now in the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, on the thirteenth day of it The implication is that this happened in the twelfth month of the same year that the letters were sent out. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month of that year, the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 1 j8r9 translate-ordinal וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁנֵים֩ עָשָׂ֨ר חֹ֜דֶשׁ 1 Now in the twelfth month Alternate translation: “now in the twelfth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 9 1 t9yc translate-hebrewmonths הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֗ר 1 which is the month of Adar **Adar** is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. See how you translated this in [3:7](../03/07.md), [3:13](../03/13.md), and [8:12](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
EST 9 1 j9r1 translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 on the thirteenth day of it Alternate translation: “on the thirteenth day of the month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
@ -872,13 +872,13 @@ EST 9 2 acj6 figs-idiom וְ⁠אִישׁ֙ לֹא־עָמַ֣ד לִ⁠פְנֵ
EST 9 2 x8s3 figs-metaphor וְ⁠אִישׁ֙ לֹא־עָמַ֣ד לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 But a man did not stand to their face Here, **standing** is a metaphor meaning to defend oneself and to fight back instead of running away from an enemy. Alternate translation: “was able to fight back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 2 j9r3 figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 to their face Here, **face** figuratively stands for the presence of a person, so here it means “when faced with them.” Alternate translation: “against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 9 2 h7jh figs-metaphor נָפַ֥ל פַּחְדָּ֖⁠ם עַל־כָּל־הָ⁠עַמִּֽים 1 sudden fear of them had fallen on all the peoples Here, **falling** is a metaphor meaning to affect someone. Alternate translation: “all the peoples suddenly became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 2 acj7 figs-explicit נָפַ֥ל פַּחְדָּ֖⁠ם עַל־כָּל־הָ⁠עַמִּֽים 1 sudden fear of them had fallen on all the peoples The implication is that as a result, no one helped anyone who attacked the Jews. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 2 acj7 figs-explicit נָפַ֥ל פַּחְדָּ֖⁠ם עַל־כָּל־הָ⁠עַמִּֽים 1 sudden fear of them had fallen on all the peoples The implication is that as a result, no one helped anyone who attacked the Jews. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 3 acj8 שָׂרֵ֨י הַ⁠מְּדִינ֜וֹת וְ⁠הָ⁠אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִ֣ים וְ⁠הַ⁠פַּח֗וֹת 1 the officials of the provinces, and the satraps, and the governors See how you translated these terms in [3:12](../03/12.md) and [8:9](../08/09.md). Alternate translation: “the government leaders in each province”
EST 9 3 acj9 וְ⁠עֹשֵׂ֤י הַ⁠מְּלָאכָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 and those doing the work that was for the king Alternate translation: “anyone the king had trusted with his affairs”
EST 9 3 ack0 figs-metaphor מְנַשְּׂאִ֖ים אֶת־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֑ים 1 were lifting up the Jews Here, **lifting up** is a figurative way of saying “helping.” The picture is likely of someone helping a tired or injured person to stand or walk by holding them up. Alternate translation: “helped the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 3 q2ue figs-metaphor נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־מָרְדֳּכַ֖י עֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 dread of Mordecai had fallen on them Here, **falling** is a metaphor meaning to affect someone. Alternate translation: “they were afraid of Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 4 j9r5 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 For This term introduces the reason why the officials and satraps and governors were becoming afraid of Mordecai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 9 4 xd49 figs-explicit גָ֤דוֹל מָרְדֳּכַי֙ בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Mordecai was great in the palace of the king The implication is that this is why all the other officials were afraid of Mordecai. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation, add: “They were afraid of him because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 4 xd49 figs-explicit גָ֤דוֹל מָרְדֳּכַי֙ בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Mordecai was great in the palace of the king The implication is that this is why all the other officials were afraid of Mordecai. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, add: “They were afraid of him because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 4 ack1 figs-metonymy גָ֤דוֹל מָרְדֳּכַי֙ בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Mordecai was great in the palace of the king **The palace of the king** is a figurative way of describing the king’s administration by referring to the place where it was headquartered. Alternate translation: “was very important in the king’s government” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 9 4 ack2 גָ֤דוֹל מָרְדֳּכַי֙ בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Mordecai was great **Great** here is the same term that, as a verb, describes promotion within the king’s service in [3:1](../03/01.md) and [5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “Mordecai was a very important royal official”
EST 9 4 mr66 figs-personification וְ⁠שָׁמְע֖⁠וֹ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּ⁠כָל־הַ⁠מְּדִינ֑וֹת 1 and the report of him was going out into all the provinces Here the story speaks of the news of Mordecai’s greatness as if it were a living thing that could travel throughout the empire. Alternate translation: “throughout the empire, everyone was hearing the news of his greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
@ -918,11 +918,11 @@ EST 9 13 nz41 גַּם־מָחָ֗ר לַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣
EST 9 13 j43d בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֔ן 1 in Susa Alternate translation: “in the capital city of Susa”
EST 9 13 acl4 עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֖ן יִתְל֥וּ 1 let the ten sons of Haman hang The request is not for the king to allow the bodies to be impaled (or hanged), but instead, for the king to order this. Alternate translation: “and have the bodies of Haman’s ten sons hanged [or impaled]”
EST 9 13 acl5 translate-symaction עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֖ן יִתְל֥וּ 1 let the ten sons of Haman hang The purpose of this would not be to kill the sons, since they are already dead, but to demonstrate publicly that the enemies of the Jews had been completely defeated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 9 13 acl6 figs-explicit עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֖ן יִתְל֥וּ 1 the ten sons of Haman It is implicit that since Haman’s sons are already dead, what Esther is actually asking for is for their bodies to be impaled or hanged. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the bodies of Haman’s ten sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 13 acl6 figs-explicit עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֖ן יִתְל֥וּ 1 the ten sons of Haman It is implicit that since Haman’s sons are already dead, what Esther is actually asking for is for their bodies to be impaled or hanged. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the bodies of Haman’s ten sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 13 nr1p translate-numbers עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי 1 ten sons Alternate translation: “10 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 9 13 qyu8 translate-unknown הָ⁠עֵֽץ 1 the tree See how you translated this in [2:23](../02/23.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST 9 14 acl7 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ לְ⁠הֵֽעָשׂ֣וֹת כֵּ֔ן 1 the king said for this to be done You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the king granted both of Esther’s requests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 9 14 acl8 figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּנָּתֵ֥ן דָּ֖ת בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֑ן 1 And a law was given in Susa This phrase, “in Susa,” seems to indicate that this refers to Esther’s first request. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he issued a decree allowing the Jews in Susa to fight against their enemies again the next day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 14 acl8 figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּנָּתֵ֥ן דָּ֖ת בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֑ן 1 And a law was given in Susa This phrase, “in Susa,” seems to indicate that this refers to Esther’s first request. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he issued a decree allowing the Jews in Susa to fight against their enemies again the next day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 14 j47d figs-activepassive וַ⁠תִּנָּתֵ֥ן דָּ֖ת בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֑ן 1 And a law was given in Susa This can be stated in active form as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST 9 14 j49d בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֑ן 1 in Susa Alternate translation: “in the capital city of Susa”
EST 9 14 acl9 figs-explicit תָּלֽוּ 1 they hanged This was Esther’s second request. You can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “he ordered his servants to hang [or impale] the bodies of Haman’s ten sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ EST 9 15 j59d בְ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֔ן 1 in Susa Alternate translation: “in
EST 9 15 j61d translate-numbers שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ 1 300 men Alternate translation: “three hundred men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST 9 15 lp12 figs-idiom וּ⁠בַ֨⁠בִּזָּ֔ה לֹ֥א שָׁלְח֖וּ אֶת־יָדָֽ⁠ם 1 they did not stretch out their hand to the plunder Here, the expression **to stretch out a hand** means to take something from another person. Alternate translation: “they did not take the things that belonged to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 16 j65d figs-metaphor נִקְהֲל֣וּ ׀ וְ⁠עָמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁ֗⁠ם 1 assembled themselves and stood for their lives Here, **standing** is a metaphor meaning to defend oneself and to fight back instead of running away from an enemy. See how you translated this in [8:11](../08/11.md). Alternate translation: “joined together to fight back against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 16 acm2 figs-explicit נִקְהֲל֣וּ ׀ וְ⁠עָמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁ֗⁠ם 1 assembled themselves It’s implicit here, and stated explicitly in the next verse, that these other Jews fought their enemies only on the thirteenth day. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly here. Alternate translation, add: “on the thirteenth day of the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 16 acm2 figs-explicit נִקְהֲל֣וּ ׀ וְ⁠עָמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁ֗⁠ם 1 assembled themselves It’s implicit here, and stated explicitly in the next verse, that these other Jews fought their enemies only on the thirteenth day. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly here. Alternate translation, add: “on the thirteenth day of the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 16 acm3 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נ֨וֹחַ֙ מֵ⁠אֹ֣יְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 and they rested from their enemies Here, **resting** is a figurative way of saying that they no longer needed to fight against their enemies because they had won the battle. Alternate translation: “they had no more trouble from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 16 kms1 וְ⁠הָרֹג֙ בְּ⁠שֹׂ֣נְאֵי⁠הֶ֔ם חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה וְ⁠שִׁבְעִ֖ים אָ֑לֶף 1 they slaughtered 75,000 of those who hated them Alternate translation: “and killed 75,000 of them”
EST 9 16 i1d1 translate-numbers חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה וְ⁠שִׁבְעִ֖ים אָ֑לֶף 1 75,000 Alternate translation: “seventy-five thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ EST 9 17 j69d figs-hendiadys מִשְׁתֶּ֥ה וְ⁠שִׂמְחָֽה 1 fe
EST 9 17 acm6 figs-synecdoche מִשְׁתֶּ֥ה 1 feasting This is a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to mean the whole thing. The celebrations must have included more than just eating special meals together, but the story uses those meals to refer to the entire celebrations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EST 9 18 w531 וְהַיְּהוּדִ֣ים אֲשֶׁר־בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֗ן נִקְהֲלוּ֙ 1 But the Jews who were in Susa assembled themselves Alternate translation: “but the Jews who lived in the capital city of Susa”
EST 9 18 acm7 figs-explicit נִקְהֲלוּ֙ 1 assembled themselves The implication is that they did this to fight against their enemies. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Jews who lived in Susa joined together to fight against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 18 acm8 figs-explicit בִּ⁠שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ בּ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠בְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר בּ֑⁠וֹ 1 on the thirteenth of it and on the fourteenth of it If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say which month this is. Alternate translation: “on the thirteenth and fourteenth days of the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 18 acm8 figs-explicit בִּ⁠שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ בּ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠בְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר בּ֑⁠וֹ 1 on the thirteenth of it and on the fourteenth of it If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say which month this is. Alternate translation: “on the thirteenth and fourteenth days of the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 18 j73d translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 on the thirteenth of it Alternate translation: “on day 13” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 9 18 j75d translate-ordinal וּ⁠בְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר בּ֑⁠וֹ 1 and on the fourteenth of it Alternate translation: “and on day 14” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 9 18 acm9 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נ֗וֹחַ בַּ⁠חֲמִשָּׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ בּ֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠עָשֹׂ֣ה אֹת֔⁠וֹ י֖וֹם מִשְׁתֶּ֥ה וְ⁠שִׂמְחָֽה 1 And they rested on the fifteenth of it, and they made it a day of feasting and rejoicing **Resting** is a figurative way of saying that they no longer needed to fight against their enemies because they had won the battle. Alternate translation: “they defeated them, and there was no fighting on the fifteenth day. They devoted that day to joyful celebration” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -956,7 +956,7 @@ EST 9 18 j77d translate-ordinal בַּ⁠חֲמִשָּׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ ב
EST 9 18 j79d figs-hendiadys מִשְׁתֶּ֥ה וְ⁠שִׂמְחָֽה 1 feasting and rejoicing This phrase means the same thing as in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “for feasting joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EST 9 19 j81d grammar-connect-logic-result עַל־כֵּ֞ן 1 Therefore This term introduces the result of the events that were described in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “for that reason” or “that is why” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 9 19 acn0 figs-parallelism הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֣ים הַפְּרָזִ֗ים הַ⁠יֹּשְׁבִים֮ בְּ⁠עָרֵ֣י הַ⁠פְּרָזוֹת֒ 1 the Jews, the ones of the open country, the ones who dwell in the cities of the open areas These two phrases mean similar things. They are used together to make the identification of this group clear. The first phrase means that they lived in rural areas. The second phrase means they lived in settlements that did not have walls around them, that is, in villages. You can combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “the Jews who live in villages in the countryside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EST 9 19 acn1 figs-explicit עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙…וְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 make the fourteenth day … and a good day The implication is that this explanation is being offered for the benefit of city-dwelling Jews who might wonder why rural Jews celebrate this holiday on a different day. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation, add: “rather than on the fifteenth day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 19 acn1 figs-explicit עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙…וְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 make the fourteenth day … and a good day The implication is that this explanation is being offered for the benefit of city-dwelling Jews who might wonder why rural Jews celebrate this holiday on a different day. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, add: “rather than on the fifteenth day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 19 acn2 עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙…וְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 make the fourteenth day … and a good day Alternate translation: “observe this holiday on the fourteenth day”
EST 9 19 j83d translate-ordinal י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ 1 the fourteenth day Alternate translation: “the fourteenth day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST 9 19 j85d translate-hebrewmonths לְ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֔ר 1 of the month of Adar **Adar** is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. See how you translated this in [3:7](../03/07.md), [3:13](../03/13.md), [8:12](../08/12.md), [9:1](../09/01.md), [9:15](../09/15.md) and [9:17](../09/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
@ -976,28 +976,28 @@ EST 9 22 acn7 grammar-connect-logic-result כַּ⁠יָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ
EST 9 22 acn8 figs-metaphor נָ֨חוּ בָ⁠הֶ֤ם הַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֙ מֵ⁠א֣וֹיְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 the Jews rested on them from their enemies As in verses 16, 17, and 18, **resting** here is a figurative way of saying that they no longer needed to fight against their enemies because they had won the battle. Alternate translation: “the Jews stopped fighting because they had defeated their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 22 acn9 וְ⁠הַ⁠חֹ֗דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר֩ 1 and as the month when Alternate translation: “And that was the month when”
EST 9 22 aco1 figs-parallelism נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם מִ⁠יָּגוֹן֙ לְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֔ה וּ⁠מֵ⁠אֵ֖בֶל לְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 it had turned for them from sorrow into joy and from mourning into a good day These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize how dramatic and wonderful the change was. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these phrases and say something like “after being very sad, they became very happy.” Alternate translation: “they changed from being very sorrowful and crying to being very joyful and celebrating” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EST 9 22 aco3 figs-explicit נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם מִ⁠יָּגוֹן֙ לְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֔ה וּ⁠מֵ⁠אֵ֖בֶל לְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 it had turned for them from sorrow into joy and from mourning into a good day It is implicit that the Jews were deeply distressed because they were being threatened with destruction, and they became very happy once they were safe from all their enemies. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that here. Alternate translation: “everything had changed for them. They had been deeply distressed because they were threatened with destruction. But they became very happy once they were safe from all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 22 aco3 figs-explicit נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם מִ⁠יָּגוֹן֙ לְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֔ה וּ⁠מֵ⁠אֵ֖בֶל לְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 it had turned for them from sorrow into joy and from mourning into a good day It is implicit that the Jews were deeply distressed because they were being threatened with destruction, and they became very happy once they were safe from all their enemies. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that here. Alternate translation: “everything had changed for them. They had been deeply distressed because they were threatened with destruction. But they became very happy once they were safe from all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 22 nch1 figs-metaphor נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם מִ⁠יָּגוֹן֙ לְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֔ה 1 it had turned for them from sorrow into joy **Turning** figuratively represents changing. Alternate translation: “they changed from being very sad to being joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 22 aco4 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠יָּגוֹן֙ לְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֔ה 1 from sorrow into joy The abstract nouns **sorrow** and **joy** can be expressed with adjectives such as “distressed” and “happy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST 9 22 j113 figs-explicit לַ⁠עֲשׂ֣וֹת אוֹתָ֗⁠ם יְמֵי֙ 1 in order to make them days of These are things that Mordecai is telling the Jews to do in his letters. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that here. Alternate translation: “so Mordecai told them to observe those days with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 22 j113 figs-explicit לַ⁠עֲשׂ֣וֹת אוֹתָ֗⁠ם יְמֵי֙ 1 in order to make them days of These are things that Mordecai is telling the Jews to do in his letters. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that here. Alternate translation: “so Mordecai told them to observe those days with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 22 j115 figs-hendiadys מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה וְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֔ה 1 feasting and rejoicing As in verses 17, 18, and 19, this phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with “and.” The word “rejoicing” tells how the celebrating was to be done. Alternate translation: “joyful celebration” or “feasting joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EST 9 22 aco5 וּ⁠מִשְׁל֤וֹחַ מָנוֹת֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְ⁠רֵעֵ֔⁠הוּ 1 and sending of gifts, a man to his friend See how you translated this in verse 19. Review the notes there if that would be helpful. Alternate translation: “and by giving gifts to one another”
EST 9 22 j117 figs-idiom אִ֣ישׁ לְ⁠רֵעֵ֔⁠הוּ 1 a man to his friend Here, **a man** means “a person.” The term **friend** would include family members and neighbors as well as social friends. Alternate translation: “to one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 22 aco6 translate-symaction וּ⁠מַתָּנ֖וֹת לָֽ⁠אֶבְיוֹנִֽים 1 and gifts to the needy In this culture as in many others, helping the poor was also a way of acknowledging a special occasion. The idea was that no one should miss out on the benefits of the wonderful thing that God had done. Alternate translation: “Mordecai also told them that they should help the poor on those days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST 9 22 z1vl figs-explicit וּ⁠מַתָּנ֖וֹת לָֽ⁠אֶבְיוֹנִֽים 1 This is also something that Mordecai is telling the Jews to do in his letters. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that here. Alternate translation: “Mordecai also told them that they should give gifts to the poor on those days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 22 z1vl figs-explicit וּ⁠מַתָּנ֖וֹת לָֽ⁠אֶבְיוֹנִֽים 1 This is also something that Mordecai is telling the Jews to do in his letters. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that here. Alternate translation: “Mordecai also told them that they should give gifts to the poor on those days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 23 aco7 figs-explicit וְ⁠קִבֵּל֙…אֲשֶׁר־כָּתַ֥ב מָרְדֳּכַ֖י אֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 And … accepted … what Mordecai had written to them The implication seems to be that the Jews were glad to do what Mordecai had instructed, because they had already been doing it. You can add a word such as “readily” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 23 aco8 וְ⁠קִבֵּל֙ 1 And … accepted Alternate translation: “agreed”
EST 9 23 ib25 figs-events אֲשֶׁר־הֵחֵ֖לּוּ לַ⁠עֲשׂ֑וֹת 1 what they had begun to do You can put this information first, to present the events in logical and chronological order. Alternate translation: “the Jews were already celebrating those days that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
EST 9 24 j119 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי֩ 1 For This introduces the reason for the events previously described. The story will now summarize everything that happened previously. The Jews were to celebrate because they were able to fight back when Haman plotted to destroy all of them. Alternate translation: “they would celebrate these days to remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 9 24 kqf6 figs-explicit כִּי֩ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say here what this reason is explaining. Alternate translation: “they would establish those days as a holiday in order to remember how” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 24 kqf6 figs-explicit כִּי֩ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say here what this reason is explaining. Alternate translation: “they would establish those days as a holiday in order to remember how” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 24 j125 figs-distinguish צֹרֵר֙ כָּל־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים 1 the adversary of all the Jews This phrase gives clarifying information about Haman. Alternate translation: “the enemy of all the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
EST 9 24 aco9 חָשַׁ֥ב עַל־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֖ים לְ⁠אַבְּדָ֑⁠ם 1 had plotted concerning the Jews to annihilate them Alternate translation: “had tried to carry out a plan that would destroy the Jews”
EST 9 24 xz7s figs-explicit וְ⁠הִפִּ֥יל פּוּר֙ ה֣וּא הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֔ל 1 and he had cast a Pur (which is “the lot”) You can say explicitly why Haman did this. Alternate translation: “he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) to find out what would be the best day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 24 bcy2 translate-names פּוּר֙ ה֣וּא הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֔ל 1 a Pur (which is “the lot”) As in 3:7, the storyteller is giving both the Persian and the Hebrew name because this is the story behind the Festival of Purim, which takes its name from “Pur.” So this is not repetition for emphasis. You can put in the Persian name and then the name for “lot” in your own language to show that the storyteller is doing this. Alternate translation: “a Pur (that is, a lot)” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST 9 24 j127 figs-hendiadys לְ⁠הֻמָּ֖⁠ם וּֽ⁠לְ⁠אַבְּדָֽ⁠ם 1 to vex them and to destroy them The terms **vex** and **destroy** mean basically the same thing. They are used together to emphasize the degree to which Haman’s deadly plans were distressing to the Jews. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can combine the terms and express the emphasis with a word like “completely.” Alternate translation: “and completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EST 9 25 m8x3 figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠בֹאָ⁠הּ֮ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּלֶךְ֒ 1 But when she came before the face of the king In this summary, many details are communicated implicitly. **She** means Esther. Also, this verse continues the account of what this celebration is commemorating. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can make these things explicit. Alternate translation: “the celebration also commemorated how Esther dared to come into the king’s presence without being summoned, and she won his favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 24 j127 figs-hendiadys לְ⁠הֻמָּ֖⁠ם וּֽ⁠לְ⁠אַבְּדָֽ⁠ם 1 to vex them and to destroy them The terms **vex** and **destroy** mean basically the same thing. They are used together to emphasize the degree to which Haman’s deadly plans were distressing to the Jews. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine the terms and express the emphasis with a word like “completely.” Alternate translation: “and completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EST 9 25 m8x3 figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠בֹאָ⁠הּ֮ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּלֶךְ֒ 1 But when she came before the face of the king In this summary, many details are communicated implicitly. **She** means Esther. Also, this verse continues the account of what this celebration is commemorating. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could make these things explicit. Alternate translation: “the celebration also commemorated how Esther dared to come into the king’s presence without being summoned, and she won his favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 25 j128 figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּלֶךְ֒ 1 before the face of the king Here, **face** is a metonym meaning the presence of a person. This phrase means that Esther came into the king’s presence. Alternate translation: “into the king’s presence” or “before the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 9 25 acp1 figs-explicit אָמַ֣ר עִם־הַ⁠סֵּ֔פֶר 1 he said with the letter Once again, there is much information that is implicit here. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can make it explicit. Alternate translation: “the king gave Mordecai the authority to send a letter throughout the empire saying that the Jews could defend themselves against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 25 acp1 figs-explicit אָמַ֣ר עִם־הַ⁠סֵּ֔פֶר 1 he said with the letter Once again, there is much information that is implicit here. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could make it explicit. Alternate translation: “the king gave Mordecai the authority to send a letter throughout the empire saying that the Jews could defend themselves against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 25 y57b figs-idiom יָשׁ֞וּב מַחֲשַׁבְתּ֧⁠וֹ הָ⁠רָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־חָשַׁ֥ב עַל־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֖ים עַל־רֹאשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 Let his evil plot that he plotted concerning the Jews return on his head **His**, **he**, and **him** in this sentence refer to Haman. **Return on his head** is an idiom that means that what a person was planning to do to someone else happened to that person instead. Use an idiom with that meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “the wicked plan that Haman developed against the Jews will be done to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 25 acp2 figs-personification וְ⁠תָל֥וּ אֹת֛⁠וֹ וְ⁠אֶת־בָּנָ֖י⁠ו עַל־הָ⁠עֵֽץ 1 and let them hang him and his sons on the tree The letter itself did not say this. The story is summarizing the events in compressed form. It is speaking of the letter as if it were a person who could take action and give commands like this, but it was the king who gave the command. Alternate translation: “the king also ordered his servants to hang [or impale] Haman on a wooden pole [or hang Haman on a gallows]. When the Jews in Susa killed his ten sons, the king had their bodies hanged [or impaled] as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EST 9 25 j129 translate-unknown הָ⁠עֵֽץ 1 the tree See how you translated this in [2:23](../02/23.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@ -1008,14 +1008,14 @@ EST 9 26 buf1 writing-background עַל־שֵׁ֣ם הַ⁠פּ֔וּר 1 on acc
EST 9 26 yq8m figs-explicit שֵׁ֣ם הַ⁠פּ֔וּר 1 the name of Pur. It can be stated clearly what “Pur” means. Alternate translation: “the word Pur, which means ‘lot’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 26 j133 grammar-connect-logic-result עַל־כֵּ֕ן 1 Therefore The story has just given the reason why the holiday is called Purim. Now it is going to give another reason. It will be explaining why the Jews added this holiday to their calendar, in addition to the festivals that were commanded in the Law of Moses. The next verse describes them adding the holiday. This verse gives the reasons why they did that. Alternate translation: “because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EST 9 26 acp4 עַל־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הָ⁠אִגֶּ֣רֶת הַ⁠זֹּ֑את 1 on account of all the words of this letter This is a reference to the letter that Mordecai wrote, as described in verses 20–22. Alternate translation: “because Mordecai wrote to them to tell them to observe this holiday”
EST 9 26 acp5 figs-parallelism וּ⁠מָֽה־רָא֣וּ עַל־כָּ֔כָה וּ⁠מָ֥ה הִגִּ֖יעַ אֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 and what they had seen concerning this and what had come upon them These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize what a vivid experience it was to live through the events that this story describes. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can combine the phrases and express the emphasis with a word like “amazing.” Alternate translation: “the amazing things that had happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EST 9 26 acp6 figs-explicit וּ⁠מָֽה־רָא֣וּ עַל־כָּ֔כָה וּ⁠מָ֥ה הִגִּ֖יעַ אֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 and what they had seen concerning this and what had come upon them These phrases say generally “this” and “what,” but they are referring to the specific events the story has related. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can describe these things specifically. Alternate translation: “because the Jews had been able to destroy the enemies who had wanted to destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 26 acp5 figs-parallelism וּ⁠מָֽה־רָא֣וּ עַל־כָּ֔כָה וּ⁠מָ֥ה הִגִּ֖יעַ אֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 and what they had seen concerning this and what had come upon them These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize what a vivid experience it was to live through the events that this story describes. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine the phrases and express the emphasis with a word like “amazing.” Alternate translation: “the amazing things that had happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EST 9 26 acp6 figs-explicit וּ⁠מָֽה־רָא֣וּ עַל־כָּ֔כָה וּ⁠מָ֥ה הִגִּ֖יעַ אֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 and what they had seen concerning this and what had come upon them These phrases say generally “this” and “what,” but they are referring to the specific events the story has related. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could describe these things specifically. Alternate translation: “because the Jews had been able to destroy the enemies who had wanted to destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 9 26 acp7 figs-events וּ⁠מָֽה־רָא֣וּ עַל־כָּ֔כָה וּ⁠מָ֥ה הִגִּ֖יעַ אֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 and what they had seen concerning this and what had come upon them You can put this first, before the information about Mordecai’s letter, because it happened first. You can say “then” when you tell about the letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
EST 9 26 j135 figs-idiom וּ⁠מָ֥ה הִגִּ֖יעַ אֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 and what had come upon them This expression means “what had happened to them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 27 acp8 קִיְּמ֣וּ וְקִבְּל֣וּ הַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֩ ׀ עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֨ם ׀ וְ⁠עַל־זַרְעָ֜⁠ם וְ⁠עַ֨ל כָּל־הַ⁠נִּלְוִ֤ים עֲלֵי⁠הֶם֙…לִ⁠הְי֣וֹת עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֣ת שְׁנֵ֤י הַ⁠יָּמִים֙ הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה 1 The Jews set up and accepted for themselves, and for their seed, and for all those who unite themselves to them … to be making these two days Alternate translation: “the Jews said that they would tell their descendants and those people who became Jews to be certain to celebrate this festival”
EST 9 27 acp9 figs-doublet קִיְּמ֣וּ וְקִבְּל֣וּ הַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֩ 1 The Jews set up and accepted “Set up” and “accepted” mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that the Jews definitely agreed to do this. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these words. Alternate translation: “agreed to establish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 9 27 j137 figs-metaphor וְ⁠עַל־זַרְעָ֜⁠ם 1 and for their seed As in [6:13](../06/13.md), **seed** is a metaphor meaning “offspring.” Alternate translation: “and for their descendants” or “and for their offspring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST 9 27 j141 figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹ֣א יַעֲב֔וֹר 1 and it will not pass away This expression means that the Jews would never stop celebrating the feast of Purim every year. You can put this last since it applies to the whole verse. Alternate translation: “always” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 27 j141 figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹ֣א יַעֲב֔וֹר 1 and it will not pass away This expression means that the Jews would never stop celebrating the feast of Purim every year. you could put this last since it applies to the whole verse. Alternate translation: “always” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 27 acq0 figs-events לִ⁠הְי֣וֹת עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֣ת שְׁנֵ֤י הַ⁠יָּמִים֙ הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה 1 to be making these two days To present things in chronological order, you can put this before the reference to Jewish descendants and converts to Judaism. Alternate translation: “to establish those two days as holidays and to observe them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
EST 9 27 acq1 כִּ⁠כְתָבָ֖⁠ם 1 according to their writing Alternate translation: “in the way that Mordecai had told them to do in the letter”
EST 9 27 acq2 וְ⁠כִ⁠זְמַנָּ֑⁠ם 1 and according to their appointed time This means the fourteenth and fifteenth days of the month of Adar, as specified in [9:21](../09/21.md). Alternate translation: “on those exact days of the month of Adar”
@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ EST 9 28 acq5 figs-merism מְדִינָ֥ה וּ⁠מְדִינָ֖ה וְ⁠ע
EST 9 28 j149 figs-idiom מְדִינָ֥ה וּ⁠מְדִינָ֖ה 1 province by province This expression means “every province.” Alternate translation: “in every single province” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 28 j151 figs-idiom וְ⁠עִ֣יר וָ⁠עִ֑יר 1 and city by city This expression means “every city.” Alternate translation: “in every single city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST 9 28 acq6 figs-doublenegatives וִ⁠ימֵ֞י הַ⁠פּוּרִ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֗לֶּה לֹ֤א יַֽעַבְרוּ֙ מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים וְ⁠זִכְרָ֖⁠ם לֹא־יָס֥וּף מִ⁠זַּרְעָֽ⁠ם 1 these days of Purim will not pass away As in verse 27, this expression means that the Jews will never stop celebrating the feast of Purim. You can say this positively. Alternate translation: “will always observe the Festival of Purim faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
EST 9 28 m5o8 figs-parallelism וִ⁠ימֵ֞י הַ⁠פּוּרִ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֗לֶּה לֹ֤א יַֽעַבְרוּ֙ מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים וְ⁠זִכְרָ֖⁠ם לֹא־יָס֥וּף מִ⁠זַּרְעָֽ⁠ם 1 These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize that the Jews will definitely not stop celebrating Purim each year. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can combine the phrases and express the emphasis with a word like “definitely” or “certainly” or “always.” Alternate translation: “the Jews and their descendants will certainly always continue to celebrate this festival of Purim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EST 9 28 m5o8 figs-parallelism וִ⁠ימֵ֞י הַ⁠פּוּרִ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֗לֶּה לֹ֤א יַֽעַבְרוּ֙ מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים וְ⁠זִכְרָ֖⁠ם לֹא־יָס֥וּף מִ⁠זַּרְעָֽ⁠ם 1 These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize that the Jews will definitely not stop celebrating Purim each year. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine the phrases and express the emphasis with a word like “definitely” or “certainly” or “always.” Alternate translation: “the Jews and their descendants will certainly always continue to celebrate this festival of Purim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
EST 9 28 acq7 מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים 1 from the midst of the Jews Alternate translation: “within the Jewish community”
EST 9 28 i2qk וְ⁠זִכְרָ֖⁠ם לֹא־יָס֥וּף 1 and their remembrance will not come to an end Alternate translation: “will always observe”
EST 9 28 j155 figs-metaphor מִ⁠זַּרְעָֽ⁠ם 1 from their seed As in verse 27, **seed** is a metaphor meaning “offspring.” Alternate translation: “and for their descendants” or “and for their offspring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ EST 10 intro h4m4 0 # Esther 10 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in t
EST 10 1 j157 writing-newevent וַ⁠יָּשֶׂם֩ הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֧וֹשׁ 1 Then the king Ahasuerus set This introduces a new event in the story. Use a natural way to introduce a new event in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST 10 1 b5ht וַ⁠יָּשֶׂם֩…מַ֛ס 1 Then … set a tribute Alternate translation: “Then … levied a tax”
EST 10 1 acr8 figs-merism עַל־הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ וְ⁠אִיֵּ֥י הַ⁠יָּֽם 1 on the land and the islands of the sea The purpose of this chapter is to describe the greatness of Mordecai. It does that by showing that he was second in command to a very powerful emperor. Referring to both the land and the sea is a way to include everything that lives in a very large area of the earth. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express the general meaning by saying something like “everyone throughout his empire.” Alternate translation: “on all the people in the empire … even the people who lived on the islands in the Mediterranean Sea” or “on everyone throughout the land and even the far-away islands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EST 10 1 twn8 figs-explicit וְ⁠אִיֵּ֥י הַ⁠יָּֽם 1 The phrase **the islands of the sea** likely refers to the fact that the Persian kings had conquered territories reaching all the way to the Mediterranean Sea. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “which reached all the way to the Mediterranean Sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 10 1 twn8 figs-explicit וְ⁠אִיֵּ֥י הַ⁠יָּֽם 1 The phrase **the islands of the sea** likely refers to the fact that the Persian kings had conquered territories reaching all the way to the Mediterranean Sea. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “which reached all the way to the Mediterranean Sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST 10 1 acr9 figs-metonymy עַל־הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ וְ⁠אִיֵּ֥י הַ⁠יָּֽם 1 on the land and the islands of the sea These geographic features were not expected to pay the tax. The land and coastlands represent the people living there. The story is describing those people figuratively by reference to something associated with them, the places where they live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST 10 2 acs1 figs-doublet וְ⁠כָל־מַעֲשֵׂ֤ה תָקְפּ⁠וֹ֙ וּ⁠גְב֣וּרָת֔⁠וֹ 1 And all the deeds of his power and his might **Power** and **might** mean essentially the same thing. They are used together to emphasize how powerful King Ahasuerus was. If it is more natural in your language, you can use one word with that meaning, with another word that gives it emphasis. Alternate translation: “all that he achieved because of how very powerful he was” or “all the great things that he did because of his great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST 10 2 p98n figs-abstractnouns תָקְפּ⁠וֹ֙ וּ⁠גְב֣וּרָת֔⁠וֹ 1 his power and his might The abstract nouns **power** and **might** can be translated with an adjective. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
48 EST 1 7 wpq1 figs-metonymy כְּ⁠יַ֥ד הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 according to the hand of the king Here, **hand** refers figuratively to the king himself, viewed through his action of giving. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
49 EST 1 8 qtu1 figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠הַ⁠שְּׁתִיָּ֥ה כַ⁠דָּ֖ת 1 the drinking was according to the law The abstract noun **drinking** refers here not to the action of drinking, but to the guidelines for serving drinks that the king had established for the banquet. Alternate translation: “Ahasuerus had established this rule for all his household attendants who served the wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
50 EST 1 8 g5gu figs-explicit אֵ֣ין אֹנֵ֑ס 1 There is no compulsion This could mean one of two things: (1) No one would be stopped from drinking even if the attendants thought they had already had enough. Alternate translation: “there was to be no restriction on drinking” (2) There would be no requirement to drink. Alternate translation: “no one must be forced to drink” Either way, this was another sign of the generosity that the king showed as he hosted this banquet to thank the people who worked for him. Either he was: (1) allowing them to drink as much as they wanted to, or (2) not requiring them to eat and drink everything that was served at a banquet as guests of the king would usually be expected to do. You could say explicitly at the beginning of the verse that the king was giving his guests a special privilege. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
51 EST 1 8 f6px grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי־כֵ֣ן ׀ יִסַּ֣ד הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ עַ֚ל כָּל־רַ֣ב בֵּית֔⁠וֹ לַ⁠עֲשׂ֖וֹת כִּ⁠רְצ֥וֹן אִישׁ־וָ⁠אִֽישׁ 1 for thus the king had established for every overseer of his house, to do according to the desire of man by man This explains why no one had to drink if they did not want to. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can give this explanation (the reason) before the result that it accounts for, using a connecting word like “so.” You could say, “The king had established for every overseer of his house to do according to the desire of man by man, so the drinking was according to the law, ‘There is no compulsion.’” Alternate translation: “the king made the attendants who served the wine follow this rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) This explains why no one had to drink if they did not want to. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could give this explanation (the reason) before the result that it accounts for, using a connecting word like “so.” You could say, “The king had established for every overseer of his house to do according to the desire of man by man, so the drinking was according to the law, ‘There is no compulsion.’” Alternate translation: “the king made the attendants who served the wine follow this rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
52 EST 1 8 qtu3 לַ⁠עֲשׂ֖וֹת כִּ⁠רְצ֥וֹן אִישׁ־וָ⁠אִֽישׁ 1 to do according to the desire of man by man Alternate translation: “the king wanted every guest to be able to drink as much as he wanted” or “all the guests could drink as little or as much as they wanted”
53 EST 1 8 jdr5 figs-idiom אִישׁ־וָ⁠אִֽישׁ 1 man by man This is an idiom that means “everyone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
54 EST 1 9 qtu5 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous גַּ֚ם 1 Also This introduces something else that was happening at the same time. You can indicate this by saying something like “during this time.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
60 EST 1 10 jv7z translate-ordinal בַּ⁠יּוֹם֙ הַ⁠שְּׁבִיעִ֔י 1 On the seventh day Alternate translation: “after six days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
61 EST 1 10 le6l figs-idiom כְּ⁠ט֥וֹב לֵב־הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ בַּ⁠יָּ֑יִן 1 when the heart of the king was pleased by the wine Here, **heart** figuratively means the action of thinking or feeling. Alternate translation: “when King Ahasuerus was in a good mood from drinking wine” or “when the king was drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
62 EST 1 10 dcb2 translate-names לִ֠⁠מְהוּמָן בִּזְּתָ֨א חַרְבוֹנָ֜א בִּגְתָ֤א וַ⁠אֲבַגְתָא֙ זֵתַ֣ר וְ⁠כַרְכַּ֔ס 1 Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha and Abagtha, Zethar and Karkas These are names of seven men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
63 EST 1 10 ens5 translate-unknown הַ⁠סָּ֣רִיסִ֔ים 1 the … eunuchs This term occurs a dozen times in the story. It describes male royal officials who served as guardians for the women who lived in the palace. They were both guardians of the door, to keep unwanted people out of the women’s quarters, and guardians of the women inside, to take care of them and look after their needs. (As we learn in 2:21, some of these officials also protected the king’s private quarters.) As we see here, and as will also be seen in 2:14 and 2:16, their duties included escorting women from place to place. The term likely indicates that, in keeping with the practices of the time, these men were castrated because their work brought them into such close contact with the king’s wives and concubines. If your language has a term for such an official and you think your readers would recognize it, you can use it. Otherwise, you can use a term that describes the role that these officials played in the royal court. Alternate translation: “guardians” or “officials” or “castrated servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) This term occurs a dozen times in the story. It describes male royal officials who served as guardians for the women who lived in the palace. They were both guardians of the door, to keep unwanted people out of the women’s quarters, and guardians of the women inside, to take care of them and look after their needs. (As we learn in 2:21, some of these officials also protected the king’s private quarters.) As we see here, and as will also be seen in 2:14 and 2:16, their duties included escorting women from place to place. The term likely indicates that, in keeping with the practices of the time, these men were castrated because their work brought them into such close contact with the king’s wives and concubines. If your language has a term for such an official and you think your readers would recognize it, you can use it. Otherwise, you could use a term that describes the role that these officials played in the royal court. Alternate translation: “guardians” or “officials” or “castrated servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
64 EST 1 10 qti7 writing-background הַ⁠מְשָׁ֣רְתִ֔ים אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י הַ⁠מֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ 1 who served before the face of King Ahasuerus This is background information to explain who these men were. Alternate translation: “who attended him personally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
65 EST 1 10 jdr7 figs-metonymy אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י הַ⁠מֶּ֥לֶךְ 1 the face of King Here, **face** figuratively means the presence of a person. The phrase means that these seven men served King Ahasuerus personally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
66 EST 1 11 qti9 figs-explicit לְ֠⁠הָבִיא 1 to bring This is the beginning of the instructions that King Ahasuerus gave to the seven eunuchs he summoned in verse 10. You can make this explicit by saying, “He told them to bring.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
69 EST 1 11 asd3 figs-explicit בְּ⁠כֶ֣תֶר מַלְכ֑וּת 1 in a crown of royalty Ahasuerus likely wanted Vashti to wear her queen’s crown so that everyone would know that she was his wife. You could say that explicitly. (For the possible reasons why he wanted them to know this, see the next note.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
70 EST 1 11 asd5 writing-background לְ⁠הַרְא֨וֹת הָֽ⁠עַמִּ֤ים וְ⁠הַ⁠שָּׂרִים֙ אֶת־יָפְיָ֔⁠הּ 1 in order to show the people and the officials her beauty Everything Ahasuerus did at his banquets was to show how rich and powerful he was. He seems to have believed that having a very beautiful wife was one more thing that proved he was a great man. So he wanted everyone to see how beautiful Vashti was. You can put this second in the verse, after explaining that Vashti was a very beautiful woman, because it accounts for what happens afterwards, when the king sends his seven personal servants to bring her in to his banquet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
71 EST 1 11 asd7 הָֽ⁠עַמִּ֤ים וְ⁠הַ⁠שָּׂרִים֙ 1 the people and the officials This might mean “his guests, especially the officials.”
72 EST 1 11 asd9 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי־טוֹבַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה הִֽיא 1 for she was pleasing of appearance If your readers would misunderstand this, you can place this first in the verse because it is the reason that explains everything else that happens afterward in the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could place this first in the verse because it is the reason that explains everything else that happens afterward in the verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
73 EST 1 11 qvk4 figs-idiom כִּֽי־טוֹבַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה הִֽיא 1 she was pleasing of appearance Alternate translation: “she was very beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
74 EST 1 12 asf1 figs-events וַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֞ן הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֣ה וַשְׁתִּ֗י לָ⁠בוֹא֙ 1 But the queen Vashti refused to come You can put the events in chronological order and say first that the eunuchs told Vashti what the king had commanded and then say that she refused to come**.** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
75 EST 1 12 asf3 figs-explicit וַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֞ן הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֣ה וַשְׁתִּ֗י לָ⁠בוֹא֙ 1 But the queen Vashti refused to come If your language needs to give a reason why she refused, it is most likely because she did not want a group of drunken men staring at her lustfully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
100 EST 1 17 jd17 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 For This introduces the reason why Memukan says that Queen Vashti has done wrong against all the men in the kingdom and not only against King Ahasuerus. To show that, you can begin with “This is what will happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
101 EST 1 17 gn4g figs-hyperbole יֵצֵ֤א דְבַר־הַ⁠מַּלְכָּה֙ עַל־כָּל־הַ⁠נָּשִׁ֔ים 1 the matter of the queen will go out to all the women To emphasize his point, Memukan exaggerates and says that every single woman in the empire will hear about Queen Vashti refusing to obey King Ahasuerus. You could say, as UST does, that “women all over the empire” will hear about what the queen did. Or you could preserve Memukan’s manner of speaking by saying, “every woman” will hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
102 EST 1 17 jd19 figs-metaphor לְ⁠הַבְז֥וֹת בַּעְלֵי⁠הֶ֖ן בְּ⁠עֵינֵי⁠הֶ֑ן 1 to make their husbands despised in their eyes Here, **eyes** stand for seeing, and seeing figuratively means knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. The phrase means that the women will treat their husbands with disrespect and not obey them. Alternate translation: “women will despise their husbands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
103 EST 1 17 adg7 figs-explicit בְּ⁠אָמְרָ֗⁠ם הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֡וֹשׁ אָמַ֞ר לְ⁠הָבִ֨יא אֶת־וַשְׁתִּ֧י הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֛ה לְ⁠פָנָ֖י⁠ו וְ⁠לֹא־בָֽאָה 1 when they say, “The king Ahasuerus said to bring Vashti the queen before his face, but she did not come.” The implication is that they will go on to say, “So if even the queen can disobey the king, why should I have to obey my husband?” If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that they will go on to say, “So if even the queen can disobey the king, why should I have to obey my husband?” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
104 EST 1 17 adg9 grammar-connect-logic-result הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֡וֹשׁ אָמַ֞ר לְ⁠הָבִ֨יא אֶת־וַשְׁתִּ֧י הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֛ה לְ⁠פָנָ֖י⁠ו וְ⁠לֹא־בָֽאָה 1 The king Ahasuerus said to bring Vashti the queen before his face, but she did not come. The women will stop respecting their husbands after they hear about this. You can put this report about what Queen Vashti did first, before “women will stop respecting their husbands,” because it is the reason that explains that result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
105 EST 1 17 jd21 figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנָ֖י⁠ו 1 before his face Here, **face** figuratively means the presence of a person. The phrase means the Queen Vashti refused to come into the presence of King Ahasuerus when he summoned her during the feast. See how you translated this in verse 11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
106 EST 1 18 afg1 וְֽ⁠הַ⁠יּ֨וֹם הַ⁠זֶּ֜ה 1 Now this day Alternate translation: “even today” or “even this very day”
140 EST 1 22 jd41 figs-metonymy כִּ⁠לְשׁוֹנ֑⁠וֹ 1 according to its tongue Here, **tongue** figuratively means the language spoken by a person or a group of people. Alternate translation: “in its own language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
141 EST 1 22 jj9n לִ⁠הְי֤וֹת כָּל־אִישׁ֙ שֹׂרֵ֣ר בְּ⁠בֵית֔⁠וֹ 1 that every man should be ruling in his house This meant that all men should have complete authority over their wives and their children.
142 EST 1 22 jd43 figs-metonymy כִּ⁠לְשׁ֥וֹן עַמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 speaking according to the tongue of his people Here, **tongue** figuratively means the language spoken by a person or a group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
143 EST 1 22 agj7 figs-explicit כִּ⁠לְשׁ֥וֹן עַמּֽ⁠וֹ 1 speaking according to the tongue of his people The implication is that the husband ought to be able to give orders to his wife in his own native language and that she should understand and obey him, even if she had to learn his language to do so. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that the husband ought to be able to give orders to his wife in his own native language and that she should understand and obey him, even if she had to learn his language to do so. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
144 EST 2 intro eb4q 0 # Esther 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Esther becomes queen<br><br>Esther was humble and took the advice of the royal officials about how to dress for her time with the king. The king chose Esther to be the new queen.<br><br>### Mordecai warns the king against a plot<br><br>Esther’s cousin, Mordecai, discovered that two men planned to kill the king. He told Esther, who then told the king. She also gave Mordecai credit for telling her.
145 EST 2 1 dpc3 writing-newevent אַחַר֙ הַ⁠דְּבָרִ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה 1 After these things This introduces a new event that happened some time later, but we do not know how much later. You can show this with a phrase like “After some time had passed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
146 EST 2 1 e4lp כְּ⁠שֹׁ֕ךְ חֲמַ֖ת הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ 1 when the rage of the king Ahasuerus subsided Alternate translation: “when King Ahasuerus was not angry any more” or “when King Ahasuerus became less angry”
149 EST 2 1 agk1 figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁר־נִגְזַ֖ר עָלֶֽי⁠הָ 1 what had been decided You can say this with an active form, and you can say that the king performed the action. Alternate translation: “what he had decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
150 EST 2 2 agk3 translate-unknown נַעֲרֵֽי־הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ מְשָׁרְתָ֑י⁠ו 1 the young men of the king who serve him These were not the older, wiser royal advisors whom Ahasuerus consulted in [1:13](../01/13.md), but younger men who stood nearby the king ready to help with any practical needs. You could call them his personal servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
151 EST 2 2 agk5 figs-explicit יְבַקְשׁ֥וּ לַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ נְעָר֥וֹת 1 Let them seek for the king young women Implicit in this suggestion is the idea, “You should get a new wife for yourself.” You can say that explicitly at the beginning of the advice that the young men gave to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
152 EST 2 2 s4hv writing-participants יְבַקְשׁ֥וּ 1 Let them seek **Them** refers to the servants that the king would send to do this. If this is unclear, you can say “servants” or “your servants.” Be sure to express this in a form that shows that it is a not a command but a respectful suggestion such as “You could send some men Alternate translation: “to look for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) **Them** refers to the servants that the king would send to do this. If this is unclear, you could say “servants” or “your servants.” Be sure to express this in a form that shows that it is a not a command but a respectful suggestion such as “You could send some men Alternate translation: “to look for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
153 EST 2 2 zi03 figs-123person לַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ 1 for the king The young men speak to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternatively, you could have them say “for yourself” or “on your behalf” if that would be clear but also respectful in your language (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
154 EST 2 2 jd45 figs-idiom טוֹב֥וֹת מַרְאֶֽה 1 pleasing of appearance As in 1:11, this is an idiom that means very beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
155 EST 2 3 g9vp figs-123person וְ⁠יַפְקֵ֨ד הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ 1 And let the king appoint The young men speak to the king in third person as a sign of respect. Alternatively, you could have them say “you could appoint” in a respectful way (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
173 EST 2 5 q2rz translate-names בֶּ֣ן יָאִ֧יר בֶּן־שִׁמְעִ֛י בֶּן־קִ֖ישׁ 1 the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish These are men’s names. Jair, Shimei, and Kish are Mordecai’s male ancestors. You could say, “Mordecai was the son of Jair, who was the son of Shimei, who was the son of Kish,” or see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
174 EST 2 5 kw5t אִ֥ישׁ יְמִינִֽי 1 a man, a Benjamite While this likely refers to Kish, it is necessarily also true of Mordecai, and you could put it second in the verse. That way Mordecai’s nationality would come first, then his tribe, and then his family and clan. Alternate translation: “from the tribe of Benjamin”
175 EST 2 6 zxc5 writing-background אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָגְלָה֙ מִ⁠יר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יִם עִם־הַ⁠גֹּלָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָגְלְתָ֔ה עִ֖ם יְכָנְיָ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶגְלָ֔ה נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל 1 who had been exiled from Jerusalem with the captives who had been exiled along with Jehoiachin, the king of Judah, who Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon had exiled The story now tells about something that happened many years before. This is background information that explains how this Jewish family came to live in Susa. You can introduce this by saying something like, “Many years earlier.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
176 EST 2 6 z7fe figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָגְלָה֙ מִ⁠יר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יִם 1 who had been exiled from Jerusalem If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon had taken Kish away from Jerusalem along with some other captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon had taken Kish away from Jerusalem along with some other captives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
177 EST 2 6 egm7 writing-background אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָגְלָה֙ מִ⁠יר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יִם 1 who had been exiled from Jerusalem You can bring this information forward from later in the verse because it provides background information that helps identify Mordecai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
178 EST 2 6 zxc7 figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָגְלָה֙ מִ⁠יר֣וּשָׁלַ֔יִם 1 who had been exiled from Jerusalem If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say where King Nebuchadnezzar brought the people that he took away from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “had taken Kish away from Jerusalem … and brought him to Babylon.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
179 EST 2 6 zxc9 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous עִ֖ם 1 along with This means that the two things happened at the same time. You can indicate this with a phrase like “at the same time that he took.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
219 EST 2 11 abd1 מָרְדֳּכַי֙ מִתְהַלֵּ֔ךְ 1 Mordecai was walking about Express this in the way your language describes an action that someone repeats over and over. For example, you can say, “Mordecai would walk around.”
220 EST 2 11 jd83 figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֖י חֲצַ֣ר 1 before the face of the courtyard Here, **face** figuratively means the front of a place. So you could say, “in front of the courtyard.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
221 EST 2 11 abd2 בֵּית־הַ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים 1 the house of women Alternate translation: “the harem for virgins”
222 EST 2 11 abd3 grammar-connect-logic-result לָ⁠דַ֨עַת֙ אֶת־שְׁל֣וֹם אֶסְתֵּ֔ר וּ⁠מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה בָּֽ⁠הּ 1 in order to know the welfare of Esther and what was being done with her This is background information that explains why Mordecai would walk around in front of the courtyard. It was so that he could ask people who were going into or coming out of the courtyard how Esther was doing. You can place this first in the verse because it explains the rest of what is said, If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) This is background information that explains why Mordecai would walk around in front of the courtyard. It was so that he could ask people who were going into or coming out of the courtyard how Esther was doing. you could place this first in the verse because it explains the rest of what is said, If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
223 EST 2 11 nz1p שְׁל֣וֹם אֶסְתֵּ֔ר 1 the welfare of Esther Alternate translation: “how Esther was doing” or “about Esther’s well-being”
224 EST 2 11 abd4 figs-parallelism שְׁל֣וֹם אֶסְתֵּ֔ר וּ⁠מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה בָּֽ⁠הּ 1 the welfare of Esther and what was being done with her These two phrases mean similar things. The story is using the repetition to emphasize how concerned Mordecai was for Esther. You could combine them and say, “how Esther was doing” or “if Esther was all right.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
225 EST 2 12 jcj8 writing-background וּ⁠בְ⁠הַגִּ֡יעַ 1 Now when … came Verses 12 to 14 are background information about how the virgins who were gathered for the king became his concubines. These verses are not specifically about Esther, but about the women in general. Use your language’s way of letting your readers know that this is background information by using a connecting word or a phrase such as, “This is how virgins became concubines for the king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
226 EST 2 12 jd85 figs-idiom נַעֲרָ֨ה וְ⁠נַעֲרָ֜ה 1 young woman by young woman Alternate translation: “each one of the young women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
227 EST 2 12 abd5 figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠הַגִּ֡יעַ תֹּר֩…לָ⁠ב֣וֹא ׀ אֶל־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ 1 when the turn came … to go to the king Ahasuerus Each of these young women was going to have sexual relations with the king and, as a result, legally become one of his concubines, that is, one of his secondary wives. As the story has already explained, he would then choose one of them to become his queen and primary wife. But the king would still provide for each of the concubines for the rest of her life; they would not be free to marry anyone else. This is something that the story’s original audience would have understood implicitly. You can say it explicitly if your readers need this information to understand the story: “Each young woman in the harem, one at a time, was going to have sexual relations with King Ahasuerus and become one of his concubines” or “one of his secondary wives.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Each of these young women was going to have sexual relations with the king and, as a result, legally become one of his concubines, that is, one of his secondary wives. As the story has already explained, he would then choose one of them to become his queen and primary wife. But the king would still provide for each of the concubines for the rest of her life; they would not be free to marry anyone else. This is something that the story’s original audience would have understood implicitly. you could say it explicitly if your readers need this information to understand the story: “Each young woman in the harem, one at a time, was going to have sexual relations with King Ahasuerus and become one of his concubines” or “one of his secondary wives.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
228 EST 2 12 p7i5 translate-unknown כְּ⁠דָ֤ת הַ⁠נָּשִׁים֙ 1 according to the law of women Here, **law** probably does not mean a legal decree, but rather a standard regimen that had been developed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
229 EST 2 12 abd7 writing-background כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יִמְלְא֖וּ יְמֵ֣י מְרוּקֵי⁠הֶ֑ן 1 For thus the days of their beautification would be fulfilled This phrase indicates that the story is now going to provide background information on how these treatments were done. It means, “This is how these women would spend the time preparing to go to the king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
230 EST 2 12 abd8 figs-explicit שִׁשָּׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ בְּ⁠שֶׁ֣מֶן הַ⁠מֹּ֔ר 1 six months by oil of myrrh This means that a woman’s attendants would rub her body with olive oil mixed with myrrh every day for six months. You can explain this in more detail if your readers need this information to understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) This means that a woman’s attendants would rub her body with olive oil mixed with myrrh every day for six months. you could explain this in more detail if your readers need this information to understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
231 EST 2 12 abd9 בְּ⁠שֶׁ֣מֶן הַ⁠מֹּ֔ר 1 by oil of myrrh This likely means “olive oil mixed with myrrh.”
232 EST 2 12 zhd1 translate-unknown וּ⁠בְ⁠תַמְרוּקֵ֖י הַ⁠נָּשִֽׁים 1 and by the ointments of women This means lotions designed for women. In 2:3 and 2:9, this one specific part of the program seems to be used figuratively to mean all of it, and so in those verses it can be translated “beauty treatments.” But it should be translated with a specific term or phrase here, such as “women’s lotions” or “feminine ointments” because it is named along with oils and perfumes as one component of the treatment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
233 EST 2 13 abd0 וּ⁠בָ⁠זֶ֕ה 1 Then at this Alternate translation: “after a woman’s year of beauty treatments was completed”
236 EST 2 13 v133 figs-activepassive כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאמַ֜ר יִנָּ֤תֵֽן לָ⁠הּ֙ 1 Anything that she said would be given to her You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “she could take whatever she wanted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
237 EST 2 13 xx9x בֵּ֥ית 2 the house of Alternate translation: “the king’s rooms” or “the king’s house” or “the king’s palace”
238 EST 2 13 abe3 בֵּ֥ית הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 the house of the king Alternate translation: “the king’s rooms” or “the king’s house” or “the king’s palace”
239 EST 2 14 abe4 figs-explicit הִ֣יא בָאָ֗ה 1 she would go She would not walk over on her own. Rather, the king’s servants would come and bring her to the king’s private quarters, in the way that they were told to bring Vashti to the banquet in [1:11](../01/11.md). You can say this explicitly if it would help your readers to understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) She would not walk over on her own. Rather, the king’s servants would come and bring her to the king’s private quarters, in the way that they were told to bring Vashti to the banquet in [1:11](../01/11.md). you could say this explicitly if it would help your readers to understand the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
240 EST 2 14 ded5 figs-explicit וּ֠⁠בַ⁠בֹּקֶר הִ֣יא שָׁבָ֞ה 1 and in the morning she would return to It is implied that this is the following morning. This information can be made clear. Once again, she would not go on her own. Alternate translation: “the next morning the king’s servants would bring her to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
241 EST 2 14 lq9h translate-ordinal בֵּ֤ית הַ⁠נָּשִׁים֙ שֵׁנִ֔י 1 the second house of women Alternate translations: “a different house for women” or “the harem for concubines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
242 EST 2 14 yw63 אֶל־יַ֧ד שַֽׁעֲשְׁגַ֛ז סְרִ֥יס הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַ⁠פִּֽילַגְשִׁ֑ים 1 into the hand of Shaashgaz, the eunuch of the king who was overseer of the concubines Alternate translation: “where Shaashgaz, the king’s servant in charge of the concubines, would take care of her”
253 EST 2 15 mg8y translate-names אֲבִיחַ֣יִל 1 Abihail This man was Esther’s father and Mordecai’s uncle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
254 EST 2 15 qx3u figs-doublenegatives לֹ֤א בִקְשָׁה֙ דָּבָ֔ר כִּ֠י אִ֣ם אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאמַ֛ר הֵגַ֥י 1 she did not ask for anything except what Hegai … said You can state this in a positive form by saying, “she asked only for.” Alternate translation: “she did not ask for anything else to wear except” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
255 EST 2 15 vw9r אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאמַ֛ר הֵגַ֥י 1 what Hegai … said Alternate translation: “what Hegai recommended” or “what Hegai suggested”
256 EST 2 15 abf1 figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֹאמַ֛ר הֵגַ֥י 1 what Hegai … said As the king’s personal servant, **Hegai** would have known what kind of clothing and jewelry Ahasuerus found attractive on a woman. By following his advice, Esther showed that she trusted Hegai. This is implicit information that you can make explicit if it would help the reader to understand the story. You might say, for example, “Hegai knew the king’s preferences because he was his personal servant. Esther had come to trust Hegai and so she followed his advice.” This could go at the end of the verse or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) As the king’s personal servant, **Hegai** would have known what kind of clothing and jewelry Ahasuerus found attractive on a woman. By following his advice, Esther showed that she trusted Hegai. This is implicit information that you could make explicit if it would help the reader to understand the story. You might say, for example, “Hegai knew the king’s preferences because he was his personal servant. Esther had come to trust Hegai and so she followed his advice.” This could go at the end of the verse or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
257 EST 2 15 abf2 figs-distinguish סְרִיס־הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַ⁠נָּשִׁ֑ים 1 the eunuch of the king who was overseer of the women This is saying that Hegai was the royal official responsible for the women in the harem for virgins. This is background information that reminds the reader who Hegai was by describing his responsibilities. You could also move this to the end of the verse and put it in parentheses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
258 EST 2 15 abf3 translate-unknown סְרִיס־הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ 1 the eunuch of the king See how you decided to translate the term **eunuch** in [1:10](../01/10.md). You could say “royal” for “of the king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
259 EST 2 15 z519 figs-idiom נֹשֵׂ֣את חֵ֔ן בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֖י כָּל־רֹאֶֽי⁠הָ 1 a lifter of favor in the eyes of every man who saw her This is a rare expression in Hebrew, and the exact meaning is uncertain. In this context, the expression probably means that everyone who saw Esther dressed in the clothes she would wear for her visit to the king was very impressed with the way she looked. Alternate translation: “pleased all who saw her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
278 EST 2 18 ufm8 translate-unknown וַ⁠הֲנָחָ֤ה לַ⁠מְּדִינוֹת֙ עָשָׂ֔ה 1 And he made a holiday for the provinces This was probably a “tax holiday,” that is, a temporary elimination of taxes. For a time, the provinces did not have to send in the usual taxes to the king. You could say something like “he proclaimed a temporary reprieve from taxes for all the provinces of his empire.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
279 EST 2 18 jd95 figs-metonymy כְּ⁠יַ֥ד הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 according to the hand of the king Here, **hand** figuratively represents the action of doing or giving. The phrase means that King Ahasuerus personally gave lavish gifts to the guests at this feast. You could say something like “with royal generosity” or “with great willingness to give” or “with generosity that only a king can give.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
280 EST 2 19 g38f grammar-connect-time-sequential וּ⁠בְ⁠הִקָּבֵ֥ץ בְּתוּל֖וֹת שֵׁנִ֑ית 1 Now when virgins were being gathered a second time Since this happened some time after Esther’s Feast, you can show this by using a connecting phrase such as “some time later.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
281 EST 2 19 p842 figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠הִקָּבֵ֥ץ בְּתוּל֖וֹת שֵׁנִ֑ית 1 Now when virgins were being gathered a second time The most likely explanation for this is that Ahasuerus decided he would like to have more concubines. You can say this explicitly if it will help the readers to understand the story. He probably believed that having a large number of concubines was another thing that would show he was a great king. To do so, you could add: “because Ahasuerus decided that he would like to have more concubines.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The most likely explanation for this is that Ahasuerus decided he would like to have more concubines. you could say this explicitly if it will help the readers to understand the story. He probably believed that having a large number of concubines was another thing that would show he was a great king. To do so, you could add: “because Ahasuerus decided that he would like to have more concubines.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
282 EST 2 19 abg2 figs-activepassive וּ⁠בְ⁠הִקָּבֵ֥ץ בְּתוּל֖וֹת שֵׁנִ֑ית 1 Now when virgins were being gathered a second time You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. For example, you can say, “at the time when the king’s officers were gathering virgins for a second time.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
283 EST 2 19 ang3 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וּ⁠בְ⁠הִקָּבֵ֥ץ בְּתוּל֖וֹת שֵׁנִ֑ית וּ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֖י 1 Now when … were being gathered … Mordecai … then This indicates that the information about Mordecai explains what he was doing at this same time. You can use a phrase such as “during this time” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
284 EST 2 19 a23f figs-idiom וּ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֖י יֹשֵׁ֥ב בְּ⁠שַֽׁעַר־הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 Mordecai was then sitting at the gate of the king Possible meanings are: (1) **Sitting at the king’s gate** is an idiom meaning that Mordecai worked for the king in some capacity and was stationed at the gate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) (2) Mordecai sat there so he could hear about how Esther was doing from the many people who passed through the gate.
315 EST 3 1 abi1 figs-abstractnouns כִּסְא֔⁠וֹ 1 his seat of authority If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **authority**, you could express the same idea with a concrete noun for this whole phrase. For example, you can say, “his position.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
316 EST 3 1 abi2 מֵ⁠עַ֕ל כָּל־הַ⁠שָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 from over all the officials who were with him **Him** in this phrase may refer to the king. You could say that “the king promoted him above his other officials” or “gave him more authority than all of his other officials” or that “Haman became more important than all of his other officials.”
317 EST 3 2 abi3 figs-metonymy וְ⁠כָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּ⁠שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ 1 Then all the servants of the king who were at the gate of the king Here, the **gate of the king**, probably the entrance to the citadel, may figuratively represent the citadel itself, the place where these people served the king. The citadel, in turn, would represent everyone who served the king. So you could say just “all the king’s other servants.” However, this may also be a reference to the specific group of officials who were stationed at the gate, the way Mordecai was. Alternate translation: “the royal officials who were stationed at the palace gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
318 EST 3 2 abi4 figs-explicit וְ⁠כָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ…כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ לְ⁠הָמָ֔ן 1 all the servants of the king … were bowing down and prostrating themselves to Haman The servants were required to do this as a way of honoring him whenever Haman walked by. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The servants were required to do this as a way of honoring him whenever Haman walked by. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
319 EST 3 2 e25k translate-symaction כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ 1 were bowing down and prostrating themselves This means that the other officials humbled themselves and lay flat on the ground before Haman. These actions represented recognition and respect for the very high position that the king had given him in the Persian government. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
320 EST 3 2 abi5 figs-doublet כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ 1 were bowing down and prostrating themselves These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that the officials knew how important it was to obey the king’s command and honor Haman in this way. You could combine them as UST does and say something like “bow down all the way to the ground.” Alternate translation: “bowing and lying down on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
321 EST 3 2 fg8v וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ 1 and prostrating themselves to Haman This means bowing down all the way to the ground.
322 EST 3 2 jd99 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣⁠וֹ 1 for thus the king had commanded concerning him If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put this information first in the verse because it explains the reason why all the other officials were bowing to Haman. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this information first in the verse because it explains the reason why all the other officials were bowing to Haman. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
323 EST 3 2 abi6 figs-explicit כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣⁠וֹ 1 for thus the king had commanded concerning him The king did this as a sign of Haman’s new position. You can state this here or in a separate sentence, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “the king had commanded them to do this in order to show that he had given Haman such a high position” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
324 EST 3 2 abi7 figs-parallelism וּ⁠מָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה 1 But Mordecai would neither bow down nor would he prostrate himself These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize how serious an offense this was against the king’s command and how much determination it took for Mordecai to remain standing. You could combine these phrases as UST does and say, “But Mordecai refused to bow down to Haman.” Alternate translation: “Mordecai did not bow down or lie on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
325 EST 3 2 abi8 figs-explicit וּ⁠מָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה 1 But Mordecai would neither bow down nor would he prostrate himself It appears that as a Jew, Mordecai considered it wrong to worship anyone other than Yahweh, and that he believed he would be worshiping Haman if he bowed down low to the ground to honor him. So, on religious grounds, Mordecai refused to bow down. You can say this explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) It appears that as a Jew, Mordecai considered it wrong to worship anyone other than Yahweh, and that he believed he would be worshiping Haman if he bowed down low to the ground to honor him. So, on religious grounds, Mordecai refused to bow down. you could say this explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
326 EST 3 3 abi9 עַבְדֵ֥י הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּ⁠שַׁ֥עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ 1 the servants of the king who were at the gate of the king See how you translated this expression at the beginning of [3:2](../03/02.md).
327 EST 3 3 abj0 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ…לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 said to Mordecai They spoke to Mordecai because they saw that he did not bow down. You can say this explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. You can say, for example, “The other officials saw that, and they asked Mordecai.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) They spoke to Mordecai because they saw that he did not bow down. You can say this explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. you could say, for example, “The other officials saw that, and they asked Mordecai.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
328 EST 3 3 abj1 מַדּ֨וּעַ֙ אַתָּ֣ה עוֹבֵ֔ר אֵ֖ת מִצְוַ֥ת הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 Why are you trespassing the command of the king? Alternative translation: “why are you disobeying the king’s command” or “why are you not obeying what the king commanded”
329 EST 3 4 jd3r figs-explicit ב⁠אמר⁠ם אֵלָי⁠ו֙ 1 when they spoke to him This means that they spoke to him about not bowing down. Specifically, they warned him that he would be severely punished if he kept disobeying the king and not honoring his highest official. You can say that explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) This means that they spoke to him about not bowing down. Specifically, they warned him that he would be severely punished if he kept disobeying the king and not honoring his highest official. you could say that explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
330 EST 3 4 jd1r figs-idiom י֣וֹם וָ⁠י֔וֹם 1 day by day This expression means “every day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
331 EST 3 4 abj2 figs-idiom וַ⁠יְהִ֗י ב⁠אמר⁠ם אֵלָי⁠ו֙…וְ⁠לֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 Now it happened that, when they spoke … he did not listen to them. Here, **he did not listen** means he did not heed their warning or he did not do what they said. Mordecai heard them, but he did not do what they advised him to do. This means that even though the other officials questioned him and probably warned him, he still refused to bow down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
332 EST 3 4 uek4 figs-idiom וַ⁠יַּגִּ֣ידוּ לְ⁠הָמָ֗ן לִ⁠רְאוֹת֙ הֲ⁠יַֽעַמְדוּ֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י מָרְדֳּכַ֔י 1 So they told Haman to see if the words of Mordecai would stand In this context, **standing** figuratively means to survive a challenge, and **words** means the reasons that Mordecai gave for his actions. This phrase means that the other officials told Haman about it to see if he would tolerate it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
333 EST 3 4 abj3 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥יד לָ⁠הֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא יְהוּדִֽי 1 for he had told them that he was a Jew This is the answer that Mordecai gave the other officials when they asked him why he refused to bow down to Haman. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put it first in the verse because it explains everything that happens afterwards. Alternate translation: “Mordecai told them that he was a Jew, and that Jews would bow down only to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) This is the answer that Mordecai gave the other officials when they asked him why he refused to bow down to Haman. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put it first in the verse because it explains everything that happens afterwards. Alternate translation: “Mordecai told them that he was a Jew, and that Jews would bow down only to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
334 EST 3 4 abj4 figs-explicit כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥יד לָ⁠הֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא יְהוּדִֽי 1 for he had told them that he was a Jew Mordecai’s explanation would have included the fact that Jews would only worship Yahweh. You could say that explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
335 EST 3 5 abj5 figs-metaphor וַ⁠יַּ֣רְא הָמָ֔ן 1 The Haman saw Here, **seeing** figuratively means knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. This phrase means that Haman learned about this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
336 EST 3 5 njt5 figs-parallelism אֵ֣ין מָרְדֳּכַ֔י כֹּרֵ֥עַ וּ⁠מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה ל֑⁠וֹ 1 Mordecai would neither bow down nor prostrate himself to him These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize how serious an offense this was. You could combine them as UST does and say, “Mordecai was refusing to bow down to him.” Alternate translation: “Mordecai would not bow down or lie on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
352 EST 3 7 g4lt translate-names הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ ה֨וּא הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֜ל 1 a Pur (which is “the lot”) The storyteller is giving both the Persian and the Hebrew name because this is the story behind the Festival of Purim, which takes its name from “Pur.” So this is not repetition for emphasis. You can put in the Persian name and the word for “lot” in your own language to show that the storyteller is doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
353 EST 3 7 abk3 translate-unknown הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֜ל 1 the lot A **lot** was an object with different markings on various sides that was used, most likely by dropping it on the ground, to select a specific time for doing something. The belief was that God or the gods would control which way the object fell, thus guiding the selection process and granting favor to the action if it were done on the date chosen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
354 EST 3 7 abk4 figs-activepassive הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ 1 a Pur … was cast You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. You can say, for example, “Haman had his servants cast a Pur.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
355 EST 3 7 abk5 grammar-connect-logic-result הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ 1 a Pur … was cast If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put this information first because it explains the rest of what happens in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this information first because it explains the rest of what happens in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
356 EST 3 7 j13r figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הָמָ֗ן 1 before the face of Haman Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. In this context, the phrase means that Haman was physically present when the lot was cast. Alternate translation: “as Haman watched” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
357 EST 3 7 j15r מִ⁠יּ֧וֹם ׀ לְ⁠י֛וֹם וּ⁠מֵ⁠חֹ֛דֶשׁ לְ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ 1 from day to day and from month to month This expression means that the lot was cast to select a particular day of the month and a particular month of the year.
358 EST 3 7 j17r figs-explicit מִ⁠יּ֧וֹם ׀ לְ⁠י֛וֹם וּ⁠מֵ⁠חֹ֛דֶשׁ לְ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ 1 from day to day and from month to month Haman was casting the lot to determine the best day and the best month to kill the Jews. You can say that explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. Alternate translation: “to determine the best day and the best month to kill the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
370 EST 3 8 j19r figs-123person וְ⁠לַ⁠מֶּ֥לֶךְ 1 no profit to the king Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. You could express the same meaning in the second person by saying, “not good for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
371 EST 3 9 abl1 figs-123person אִם־עַל־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֔וֹב 1 If it is good to the king Haman speaks to the king in third person as a form of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
372 EST 3 9 abl2 figs-idiom אִם־עַל־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֔וֹב 1 If it is good to the king See how you decided to translate this idiom in [1:19](../01/19.md). Alternate translation: “if it seems like a good idea to you, O king” or “if the king thinks this is a good idea” or “if this advice is pleasing to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
373 EST 3 9 abl3 figs-activepassive יִכָּתֵ֖ב 1 let it be written You can say this with an active form, and you can say who would do the action. For example, you can say, “the king could write a decree” or “you could write a decree.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) You can say this with an active form, and you can say who would do the action. For example, you could say, “the king could write a decree” or “you could write a decree.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
374 EST 3 9 abl4 לְ⁠אַבְּדָ֑⁠ם 1 to destroy them This means that the decree would say that all the Jews should be killed.
375 EST 3 9 eh3w figs-idiom אֶשְׁקוֹל֙ עַל־יְדֵי֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י הַ⁠מְּלָאכָ֔ה 1 I will weigh out … into the hands of the doers of the work This could mean either of two possibilities: (1) Haman could mean that the king’s men will be able to collect a huge amount of money from the plunder that they would get from the Jews. Referring to the weight would be a way of saying, “I guarantee that it will be at least that much.” This reasoning agrees with 3:13, where the king’s letter specifies that those who kill the Jews can take their plunder. Alternate translation: “we will get so much plunder that the officers you send will be able to bring back” (Also see UST) (2) “**Weigh out into the hands**” could be an idiom that means Haman himself will pay the officers who will put the plan into effect. Haman will not do this personally, but it means that he will take responsibility for paying them from his own resources. Alternate translation: “From my own resources I will pay … to the men who do the work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
376 EST 3 9 lhv5 translate-bmoney וַ⁠עֲשֶׂ֨רֶת אֲלָפִ֜ים כִּכַּר־כֶּ֗סֶף 1 10,000 talents of silver This would be worth over $300 million at current prices today. But since prices vary over time, if you expressed the value in modern measurements, that could cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate. Instead you could express the amount using the ancient measurement, the talent, and explain in a note that a talent was equivalent to about 30 kilograms. Alternatively, you could specify the weight of the silver in the text, as UST does in metric tons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
378 EST 3 9 abl5 עֹשֵׂ֣י הַ⁠מְּלָאכָ֔ה 1 the doers of the work This could mean: (1) those who work for the king in general (administrators) or (2) more specifically the officers whom Ahasuerus would send around the empire to organize the killing of the Jews.
379 EST 3 9 abl7 figs-123person גִּנְזֵ֥י הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 the treasuries of the king Haman speaks to the king in third person as a form of respect. You could also have him speak of “your royal treasuries.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
380 EST 3 10 abl8 figs-explicit וַ⁠יָּ֧סַר הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־טַבַּעְתּ֖⁠וֹ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל יָד֑⁠וֹ וַֽ⁠יִּתְּנָ֗⁠הּ לְ⁠הָמָ֧ן 1 Then the king removed his signet from on his hand, and he gave it to Haman The implication is that Ahasuerus thought that Haman’s suggestion was a good idea and he agreed to it. You could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king agreed that this was a good idea, so” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
381 EST 3 10 abl9 translate-symaction וַ⁠יָּ֧סַר הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־טַבַּעְתּ֖⁠וֹ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל יָד֑⁠וֹ וַֽ⁠יִּתְּנָ֗⁠הּ לְ⁠הָמָ֧ן 1 Then the king removed his signet ring from on his hand **Giving the ring to Haman** showed that Haman could act on the king’s own authority. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king gave Haman the power to act on his authority to carry out the plan. To show that, he gave Haman the ring he wore that had his official seal on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) **Giving the ring to Haman** showed that Haman could act on the king’s own authority. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king gave Haman the power to act on his authority to carry out the plan. To show that, he gave Haman the ring he wore that had his official seal on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
382 EST 3 10 c9md translate-unknown טַבַּעְתּ֖⁠וֹ 1 his signet ring This was a special ring that could be used to imprint the king’s official seal on a law or decree. This ring had the king’s name or mark on it. When he put a wax seal on important papers, he would press the mark onto the seal. If a paper had this mark on its seal, people would know that what was written on the paper was written with the king’s authority and had to be obeyed. You could describe this as “the ring he wore that had his official seal on it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
383 EST 3 10 abm0 בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא הָ⁠אֲגָגִ֖י 1 the son of Hammedatha the Agagite This information about Haman’s identity is repeated to stress that the king giving him the signet ring was an official legal act that transferred power to him. (In the same way, legal documents today often use a person’s full name and other identifying information.) If you repeat this information in your own translation, your readers should see this significance.
384 EST 3 10 abm1 figs-distinguish צֹרֵ֥ר הַ⁠יְּהוּדִֽים 1 the adversary of the Jews This phrase gives clarifying information about Haman. It means that he had become “the enemy of the Jews.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
393 EST 3 12 abm7 שָׂ֤רֵי עַם֙ וָ⁠עָ֔ם 1 the officials of people by people Alternate translation: “the leaders of each people group”
394 EST 3 12 j25r figs-idiom עַם֙ וָ⁠עָ֔ם 1 people by people This expression means every people group**.** See how you translated this in [1:22](../01/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
395 EST 3 12 j27r figs-idiom מְדִינָ֤ה וּ⁠מְדִינָה֙ כִּ⁠כְתָבָ֔⁠הּ 1 province by province according to its writing See how you translated this in [1:22](../01/22.md). Alternate translation: “to each province using its own alphabet” or “written in its own script” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
396 EST 3 12 abm8 figs-explicit מְדִינָ֤ה וּ⁠מְדִינָה֙ כִּ⁠כְתָבָ֔⁠הּ 1 province by province according to its writing The implication is that the scribes translated the letter and sent it to each province using its own alphabet. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that the scribes translated the letter and sent it to each province using its own alphabet. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
397 EST 3 12 j31r figs-idiom וְ⁠עַ֥ם וָ⁠עָ֖ם כִּ⁠לְשׁוֹנ֑⁠וֹ 1 and to people by people according to its own tongue See how you translated this expression in [1:22](../01/22.md). Alternate translation: “and to each people group in its own language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
398 EST 3 12 j33r figs-metonymy כִּ⁠לְשׁוֹנ֑⁠וֹ 1 according to its tongue Here, **tongue** is a metonym meaning the language spoken by a person or a group of people. Alternate translation: “according to its language” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
399 EST 3 12 abm9 figs-metaphor בְּ⁠שֵׁ֨ם הַ⁠מֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ נִכְתָּ֔ב 1 In the name of the king Ahasuerus it was written There are two This could mean: (1) Here, **name** could mean the authority of the king. This would be saying that Haman’s letter had the same authority as it would have had if the king had sent it himself. Alternate translation: “Haman sent the letter under the king’s own authority” (2) However, this could also mean that Haman actually had the scribes sign the king’s name to the letter. Alternate translation: “they signed the king’s name at the end of the letters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
405 EST 3 13 abn1 figs-merism מִ⁠נַּ֨עַר וְ⁠עַד־זָקֵ֜ן 1 from young even to old This is a figure of speech that figuratively describes all of something by naming two extreme parts of it in order to include everything in between. You could express its meaning as UST does and say something like “every single one of them.” Alternate translation: “including young people and old people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
406 EST 3 13 abn2 טַ֤ף וְ⁠נָשִׁים֙ 1 children and women Alternate translation: “including the children and the women”
407 EST 3 13 j35r translate-numbers בְּ⁠י֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד 1 on one day Alternate translation: “on a single day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
408 EST 3 13 abn3 figs-explicit בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר 1 on the thirteenth of the twelfth month Implicitly, this means “the thirteenth day of the twelfth month of that same year.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Implicitly, this means “the thirteenth day of the twelfth month of that same year.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
409 EST 3 13 g5br translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר 1 on the thirteenth Alternate translation: “on day thirteen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
410 EST 3 13 j36r translate-ordinal לְ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר 1 of the twelfth month Alternate translation: “of month twelve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
411 EST 3 13 i5ur translate-hebrewmonths הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר 1 which is the month of Adar This is the name of the twelfth month of the Hebrew calendar. See how you decided in 2:16 and 3:7 to express dates that the story gives according to the Hebrew calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
419 EST 3 15 i12c figs-activepassive וְ⁠הַ⁠דָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה 1 and the law was given You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. For example, you can say, “People read the letter out loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
420 EST 3 15 nlk8 translate-unknown בְּ⁠שׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַ⁠בִּירָ֑ה 1 in Susa the citadel Here this likely means in the “capital city of Susa.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
421 EST 3 15 abn6 figs-synecdoche יָשְׁב֣וּ לִ⁠שְׁתּ֔וֹת 1 sat down to drink (1) This could mean that Ahasuerus and Haman had more than just a drink together. This could be a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to mean the whole thing. They may have celebrated with an entire banquet that is being described here by reference to one part of it, the drinks. Alternate translation: “had a celebration feast together” (2) Another possibility is that this is describing a toast that Ahasuerus and Haman shared to celebrate their plan. “Sat down” would simply be describing how the men would have reclined at a table to drink. Alternate translation: “had a celebration toast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
422 EST 3 15 wm4u figs-explicit נָבֽוֹכָה 1 the city of Susa was in confusion The implication is that the people in Susa were very upset about what was going to happen and they did not know what to do about it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that the people in Susa were very upset about what was going to happen and they did not know what to do about it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
423 EST 3 15 wbgv grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ⁠הָ⁠עִ֥יר 1 The author wants us to see the contrast between the king and Haman sitting down to relax and drink and the people in the city agitated and in an uproar over what the king and Haman had proclaimed. Use a connecting word or other way that your language uses to show a contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
424 EST 3 15 abn7 figs-metonymy וְ⁠הָ⁠עִ֥יר שׁוּשָׁ֖ן 1 but the city of Susa This does not mean the city itself, but the people who live there. This is a figure of speech in which something is called not by its own name, but by the name of something closely associated with it. So this means “everyone who lived in Susa” or the people in Susa (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
425 EST 3 15 abn8 figs-abstractnouns נָבֽוֹכָה 1 was in confusion You can translate the abstract noun **confusion** with a verbal phrase such as “was very confused.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
433 EST 4 2 abo2 וַ⁠יָּב֕וֹא 1 And he came **He** means Mordecai. Alternate translation: “Mordecai came”
434 EST 4 2 j38r figs-metonymy עַ֖ד לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י שַֽׁעַר־הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 only as far as before the face of the gate of the king Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of an object. The phrase means that Mordecai could not come inside the gate to the king’s palace, but had to wait just outside of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
435 EST 4 2 abo3 שַֽׁעַר־הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 the gate of the king See how you translated this in [2:19](../02/19.md). Alternate translation: “the gate to the king’s palace”
436 EST 4 2 abo4 grammar-connect-logic-result אֵ֥ין לָ⁠ב֛וֹא אֶל־שַׁ֥עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ בִּ⁠לְב֥וּשׁ שָֽׂק 1 no one was to come into the gate of the king while wearing sackcloth If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put this information first in the verse because it explains why Mordecai waited outside. See the UST. Alternate translation: “But no one who was wearing sackcloth was allowed inside the palace gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this information first in the verse because it explains why Mordecai waited outside. See the UST. Alternate translation: “But no one who was wearing sackcloth was allowed inside the palace gates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
437 EST 4 3 e73y figs-idiom וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּ⁠מְדִינָ֗ה 1 And in every province by province This expression means in every single province. See how you translated the term “province” in 1:1. Alternate translation: “in each and every province” or “in every province of the empire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
438 EST 4 3 abo5 מְקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דְּבַר־הַ⁠מֶּ֤לֶךְ וְ⁠דָת⁠וֹ֙ מַגִּ֔יעַ 1 any place where the decree of the king and his law reached Alternate translation: “anywhere that the letter that said to destroy the Jews was announced in public”
439 EST 4 3 abo6 figs-doublet דְּבַר־הַ⁠מֶּ֤לֶךְ וְ⁠דָת⁠וֹ֙ 1 the decree of the king and his law These two phrases are referring to the same thing, that is, the information that the letter conveyed. The repetition is used to emphasize how serious a situation this was. Alternate translation: “the letter from the king” or “the law that said to destroy the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
443 EST 4 3 djf6 translate-symaction שַׂ֣ק וָ⁠אֵ֔פֶר יֻצַּ֖ע לָֽ⁠רַבִּֽים 1 sackcloth and ashes were laid out by the multitudes These were actions that demonstrated deep grief. “Many of them lay on the ground, dressed in sackcloth and sitting in ashes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
444 EST 4 4 q7ll נַעֲר֨וֹת אֶסְתֵּ֤ר 1 the young female attendants of Esther Alternate translation: “Esther’s female servants” of “Esther’s maids”
445 EST 4 4 abo9 translate-unknown וְ⁠סָרִיסֶ֨י⁠הָ֙ 1 and her eunuchs See how you translated this term in [1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “her male servants” or “her other officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
446 EST 4 4 abp0 figs-explicit וַ⁠יַּגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֔⁠הּ 1 and they told her That is, they told her that Mordecai was sitting outside the gate wearing sackcloth. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) That is, they told her that Mordecai was sitting outside the gate wearing sackcloth. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
447 EST 4 4 abp1 figs-activepassive וַ⁠תִּתְחַלְחַ֥ל הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֖ה מְאֹ֑ד 1 even the queen was seized with extreme fear **The queen** means Esther. You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “Esther herself became very afraid” or “this made the queen very distressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
448 EST 4 4 abp2 figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּתְחַלְחַ֥ל הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֖ה מְאֹ֑ד 1 even the queen was seized with extreme fear The implication is that this happened when she heard what Mordecai was doing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “When she heard about this, Esther herself became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that this happened when she heard what Mordecai was doing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “When she heard about this, Esther herself became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
449 EST 4 4 y8bc translate-symaction וַ⁠תִּשְׁלַ֨ח בְּגָדִ֜ים לְ⁠הַלְבִּ֣ישׁ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַ֗י 1 she sent garments to clothe Mordecai and to take off his sackcloth from upon him **She** means Esther. This was her way of encouraging Mordecai to be hopeful and act publicly as if whatever situation he was worried about were not completely desperate. Alternate translation: “she sent servants to take to Mordecai some good clothes to wear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
450 EST 4 4 abp3 translate-symaction וְ⁠לֹ֥א קִבֵּֽל 1 he did not accept This was Mordecai’s way of replying to Esther that the situation truly was desperate. Alternate translation: “he refused to put them on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
451 EST 4 5 abp4 וַ⁠תִּקְרָא֩ אֶסְתֵּ֨ר לַ⁠הֲתָ֜ךְ מִ⁠סָּרִיסֵ֤י הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ 1 So Esther called for Hathak, from the eunuchs of the king Alternative translation: “then Esther summoned Hathak, one of the king’s officials”
454 EST 4 5 icg7 translate-unknown מִ⁠סָּרִיסֵ֤י 1 from the eunuchs of See how you translated this term **eunuch** in [1:10](../01/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
455 EST 4 5 j39r figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 before her face Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. This phrase means that the guardians served Esther personally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
456 EST 4 5 abp6 figs-parallelism לָ⁠דַ֥עַת מַה־זֶּ֖ה וְ⁠עַל־מַה־זֶּֽה 1 to know what this was and on account of what this was These two phrases mean similar things. In both cases, “this” refers to what Mordecai was doing. The repetition is used to emphasize that Esther now knew there must be a very serious reason why Mordecai was wearing sackcloth in such a public place. Alternate translation: “to find out why he was so distressed that he was sitting at the palace gate wearing sackcloth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
457 EST 4 6 abp7 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֥א הֲתָ֖ךְ אֶֽל־מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 So Hathak went out to Mordecai Hathak went out specifically to speak with Mordecai and find out why he was so distressed, as Esther had asked him to do. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Hathak went out to speak with Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Hathak went out specifically to speak with Mordecai and find out why he was so distressed, as Esther had asked him to do. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Hathak went out to speak with Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
458 EST 4 6 mgl5 רְח֣וֹב הָ⁠עִ֔יר 1 the open place of the city Alternate translation: “the central plaza”
459 EST 4 6 j41r figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י 1 before the face of Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of an object. The phrase means that the open square was in front of the palace gate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
460 EST 4 6 abp8 figs-metonymy שַֽׁעַר־הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 the gate of the king The citadel is being described by reference to something associated with it, the gate that leads into it. Alternate translation: “the citadel gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
461 EST 4 7 zq3s figs-synecdoche אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֑⁠הוּ 1 Mordecai reported to him all that had happened to him Here, **him** refers to Mordecai, but here Mordecai figuratively represents the entire group of which he is a member. Alternate translation: “everything that Haman was planning to do to the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
462 EST 4 7 abp9 פָּרָשַׁ֣ת הַ⁠כֶּ֗סֶף אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר הָמָן֙ לִ֠⁠שְׁקוֹל עַל־גִּנְזֵ֥י הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ בַּיְּהוּדִ֖ים לְ⁠אַבְּדָֽ⁠ם 1 the exact amount of silver that Haman had said to weigh out in the treasuries of the king, against, to destroy them This could mean either of two possibilities: (1) the amount of silver that Haman said the king would get for his treasury from the plunder that the people who destroyed the Jews would take from them, or (2) the amount of silver that Haman had said he would contribute to pay for the expenses of the plan to destroy the Jews. You could say either one as an alternate translation, but it should agree with your interpretation of [3:9](../03/09.md).
463 EST 4 8 j43r פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן כְּתָֽב־הַ֠⁠דָּת 1 a copy of the writing Alternate translation: “a copy of the letter that Haman had sent out” or “a copy of the decree”
464 EST 4 8 zt49 figs-activepassive הַ֠⁠דָּת אֲשֶׁר־נִתַּ֨ן בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֤ן 1 the law that had been given in Susa If it would help your readers to understand, you can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the law that the heralds had read out loud in Susa” or “the decree that the king’s servants had posted in Susa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If it would help your readers to understand, you can say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the law that the heralds had read out loud in Susa” or “the decree that the king’s servants had posted in Susa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
465 EST 4 8 abq0 לְ⁠הַשְׁמִידָ⁠ם֙ 1 to annihilate them Alternative translation: “that said that all the Jews must be killed”
466 EST 4 8 abq1 figs-parallelism לְ⁠הַרְא֥וֹת אֶת־אֶסְתֵּ֖ר וּ⁠לְ⁠הַגִּ֣יד לָ֑⁠הּ 1 in order to show Esther, and to inform her These two phrases mean similar things. They are repeated to emphasize how important Mordecai knew it was for Esther to understand just what Haman was planning. “so that Esther could see exactly what it said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
467 EST 4 8 abq2 וּ⁠לְ⁠צַוּ֣וֹת עָלֶ֗י⁠הָ 1 and to lay a charge upon her Alternate translation: “and to urge her”
473 EST 4 11 abq7 כָּל־עַבְדֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֡לֶךְ וְ⁠עַם־מְדִינ֨וֹת הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ יֽוֹדְעִ֗ים 1 All the servants of the king and the people of the provinces of the king are knowing Esther says this to show that there is no uncertainty about this being the law. You can put this information after the description of the law itself, If your readers would misunderstand this, so that it can serve to emphasize how definite the law is that was just described.
474 EST 4 11 d9mh figs-merism כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ וְ⁠אִשָּׁ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר 1 for any man or woman Here, Esther once again refers to a group figuratively by describing two parts of it. She means all of the people whom Ahasuerus rules as king. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these phrases and say something like “anyone”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
475 EST 4 11 abq8 translate-symaction יָבֽוֹא־אֶל־הַ⁠מֶּלֶךְ֩ אֶל־הֶ⁠חָצֵ֨ר הַ⁠פְּנִימִ֜ית 1 who goes to the king, to the inner court As [5:1](../05/01.md) makes clear, this refers to a courtyard right outside the room where King Ahasuerus sat on his throne. He could see out of the entrance to the room into the courtyard and tell if anyone came and stood there. Anyone who did that was asking to speak to the king. Alternate translation: “who goes into the inner courtyard of the palace, where the king can see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
476 EST 4 11 abq9 figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יִקָּרֵ֗א 1 who has not been called If it would help your readers to understand, you can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “when the king has not summoned that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) If it would help your readers to understand, you can say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “when the king has not summoned that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
477 EST 4 11 abr0 אַחַ֤ת דָּת⁠וֹ֙ 1 his law is one If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this after the explanation of the law itself. Alternate translation: “this law applies to everyone in the kingdom”
478 EST 4 11 abr1 לְ⁠הָמִ֔ית 1 to cause to die Alternate translation: “that person must be executed” or “the guards will kill that person”
479 EST 4 11 abr2 translate-symaction לְ֠⁠בַד מֵ⁠אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֽוֹשִׁיט־ל֥⁠וֹ הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־שַׁרְבִ֥יט הַ⁠זָּהָ֖ב 1 apart from when the king holds out to him the scepter of gold, then he will live If the king pointed his scepter toward a person, that meant that the king was accepting him. Alternate translation: “unless the king extends his golden scepter towards him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
480 EST 4 11 abr3 translate-unknown שַׁרְבִ֥יט הַ⁠זָּהָ֖ב 1 the scepter of gold A scepter was an ornamental staff or wand that rulers carried or held as a symbol of their authority. According to this, the scepter of King Ahasuerus was made of gold. Alternate translation: “golden scepter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
481 EST 4 11 ilp4 figs-explicit וְ⁠חָיָ֑ה 1 This means that the guards will not kill this person and he can proceed to speak to the king. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “then the guards will not kill him and he can speak to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) This means that the guards will not kill this person and he can proceed to speak to the king. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “then the guards will not kill him and he can speak to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
482 EST 4 11 abr4 figs-explicit וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י לֹ֤א נִקְרֵ֨אתי֙ לָ⁠ב֣וֹא אֶל־הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ זֶ֖ה שְׁלוֹשִׁ֥ים יֽוֹם 1 But as for me, I have not been called to come to the king these thirty days Esther is saying by implication that she cannot speak to the king as Mordecai has requested because the king has not been calling for her, which would have given her an opportunity to speak to him. If she goes without being summoned, she could be put to death. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Esther is saying by implication that she cannot speak to the king as Mordecai has requested because the king has not been calling for her, which would have given her an opportunity to speak to him. If she goes without being summoned, she could be put to death. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
483 EST 4 11 j49r grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠אֲנִ֗י 1 But as for me This expression indicates a contrast between Esther’s present situation and the situation she has just described. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
484 EST 4 11 abr5 זֶ֖ה שְׁלוֹשִׁ֥ים יֽוֹם 1 these 30 days The phrase means that Esther has not been called in the king’s presence for a period of at least 30 days. You could use an equivalent expression in your language that would indicate this is a long enough time that Esther has reason to believe the king is not interested in seeing her. Alternate translation: “in over a month”
485 EST 4 11 gv1v translate-numbers זֶ֖ה שְׁלוֹשִׁ֥ים יֽוֹם 1 these 30 days Alternate translation: “thirty days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
486 EST 4 12 abr6 וַ⁠יַּגִּ֣ידוּ לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכָ֔י 1 So they told to Mordecai the words of Esther From this point on, the author focuses only on Mordecai and Esther and does not specify who the messenger is. You can use a general phrase such as, “they told Mordecai” or “Mordecai was told” or “messengers told Mordecai.” If that would be confusing, you can continue to specify that the messenger was Hathak, as the ancient Greek version did. See the UST. From this point on, the author focuses only on Mordecai and Esther and does not specify who the messenger is. You can use a general phrase such as, “they told Mordecai” or “Mordecai was told” or “messengers told Mordecai.” If that would be confusing, you could continue to specify that the messenger was Hathak, as the ancient Greek version did. See the UST.
487 EST 4 13 abr7 וַ⁠יֹּ֥אמֶר מָרְדֳּכַ֖י לְ⁠הָשִׁ֣יב אֶל־אֶסְתֵּ֑ר 1 Then Mordecai said to return to Esther Alternate translation: “then Mordecai sent back this message to Esther”
488 EST 4 14 i1uy figs-personification רֶ֣וַח וְ⁠הַצָּלָ֞ה יַעֲמ֤וֹד לַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֙ מִ⁠מָּק֣וֹם אַחֵ֔ר 1 relief and deliverance will arise for the Jews from another place Here, **relief** and **deliverance** are spoken of as if they are living things that can rise up. Alternate translation: “someone else will rise up from another place and rescue the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
489 EST 4 14 t3k7 figs-doublet רֶ֣וַח וְ⁠הַצָּלָ֞ה 1 Here, **relief** and **deliverance** mean very similar things. They are used together to emphasize the great emotion behind being delivered from this great evil. If it works better in your language, you can use one word instead of two, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
496 EST 4 16 abs2 וּ⁠בְ⁠כֵ֞ן 1 Then, in such circumstances Alternate translation: “after we have all done that, and while still fasting”
497 EST 4 16 abs3 אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־כַ⁠דָּ֔ת 1 which is not according to the law Alternate translation: “even though there is a law against going without being summoned”
498 EST 4 16 abs4 וְ⁠כַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָבַ֖דְתִּי אָבָֽדְתִּי 1 and if I perish, I perish Alternate translation: “then if they kill me, they kill me”
499 EST 4 17 abs5 figs-explicit וַֽ⁠יַּעֲבֹ֖ר מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 So Mordecai went The implication is that Mordecai did this after Hathak brought Esther’s reply back to him. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so after Hathak told this to Mordecai, he went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that Mordecai did this after Hathak brought Esther’s reply back to him. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so after Hathak told this to Mordecai, he went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
500 EST 4 17 abs6 כְּ⁠כֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוְּתָ֥ה עָלָ֖י⁠ו אֶסְתֵּֽר 1 according to the whole charge that Esther had laid upon him Alternate translation: “everything that Esther had told him to do”
501 EST 5 intro k5ff 0 # Esther 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about Haman’s fall (Chapters 5-7).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Esther’s respect<br>Esther approached the king with the utmost of respect. By doing this, her character became respected by the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
502 EST 5 1 j53r writing-newevent וַ⁠יְהִ֣י ׀ בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֗י 1 Now it happened on the third day This introduces a new event in the story. Alternate translation: “three days later” or “when Esther had been fasting for three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
511 EST 5 2 j57r figs-idiom נָשְׂאָ֥ה חֵ֖ן בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 she lifted favor in his eyes See how you translated similar expressions in 2:9, 2:15, and 2:17. Review the explanations there if that would be helpful. In this context, it probably means that King Ahasuerus **thought Esther looked very attractive** as she stood in the court. It could also mean that King Ahasuerus was very pleased to see her. It could mean both. Alternate translation: “he was very pleased to see her” or “he approved of her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
512 EST 5 2 pw4x figs-metaphor נָשְׂאָ֥ה חֵ֖ן בְּ⁠עֵינָ֑י⁠ו 1 she lifted favor in his eyes Here, **eyes** figuratively represent seeing, and seeing is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. This phrase means that King Ahasuerus decided not to kill Esther for coming into the inner court without being summoned. Alternate translation: “he was very pleased to see her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
513 EST 5 2 uu8s translate-symaction וַ⁠יּ֨וֹשֶׁט הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ לְ⁠אֶסְתֵּ֗ר אֶת־שַׁרְבִ֤יט הַ⁠זָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ⁠יָד֔⁠וֹ 1 And the king held out to her the golden scepter that was in his hand King Ahasuerus did this to show that he would not enforce the law that said that Esther should be executed for coming into the king’s inner court without being summoned. See how you translated this in 4:11. Alternate translation: “he extended the gold scepter toward her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
514 EST 5 2 abt3 figs-explicit וַ⁠יּ֨וֹשֶׁט הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ לְ⁠אֶסְתֵּ֗ר אֶת־שַׁרְבִ֤יט הַ⁠זָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ⁠יָד֔⁠וֹ 1 And the king held out to her the golden scepter that was in his hand King Ahasuerus did this to show that he would not enforce the law that said Esther should be executed. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he extended the gold scepter toward her to signal that he would be glad to talk to her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) King Ahasuerus did this to show that he would not enforce the law that said Esther should be executed. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he extended the gold scepter toward her to signal that he would be glad to talk to her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
515 EST 5 2 abt4 וַ⁠תִּקְרַ֣ב 1 so … approached Alternate translation; “so … came close” or “so … came up to the throne”
516 EST 5 2 z4mn translate-symaction וַ⁠תִּגַּ֖ע בְּ⁠רֹ֥אשׁ הַ⁠שַּׁרְבִֽיט 1 and touched the head of the scepter This action was probably customary for a king’s subjects in a Persian court, when the king extended the royal scepter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
517 EST 5 2 abt5 figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּגַּ֖ע בְּ⁠רֹ֥אשׁ הַ⁠שַּׁרְבִֽיט 1 and touched the head of the scepter This action demonstrated that Esther respected the authority of King Ahasuerus and was thankful for his kindness to her. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could include that information here, such as: “…to show that she respected his authority.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
525 EST 5 4 j63r figs-123person יָב֨וֹא הַ⁠מֶּ֤לֶךְ וְ⁠הָמָן֙ 1 let the king come with Haman Esther speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “O king, please come with Haman” or “you and Haman come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
526 EST 5 4 abt9 figs-123person הַ⁠מִּשְׁתֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֥יתִי לֽ⁠וֹ 1 the banquet that I have made for him Esther speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “the banquet that I have prepared for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
527 EST 5 4 abu0 figs-yousingular הַ⁠מִּשְׁתֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֥יתִי לֽ⁠וֹ 1 the banquet that I have made for him If you decide to translate this as “the banquet that I have prepared for you,” then the word “you” should be singular, since here it refers just to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
528 EST 5 5 abu1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֣אמֶר הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Then the king said The king would have said this to his servants, not to Esther. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The king said to his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The king would have said this to his servants, not to Esther. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “The king said to his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
529 EST 5 5 abu2 מַהֲרוּ֙ אֶת־הָמָ֔ן לַ⁠עֲשׂ֖וֹת אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֑ר 1 Bring Haman quickly, in order to do the word of Esther The **word of Esther** means her invitation to the banquet. Alternate translation: “go and get Haman and bring him quickly to the banquet that Esther has prepared”
530 EST 5 5 abu3 עָשְׂתָ֥ה 1 had made Alternate translation: “had prepared for them”
531 EST 5 6 d5wr figs-parallelism מַה־שְּׁאֵלָתֵ֖⁠ךְ וְ⁠יִנָּ֣תֵֽן לָ֑⁠ךְ וּ⁠מַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵ֛⁠ךְ עַד־חֲצִ֥י הַ⁠מַּלְכ֖וּת וְ⁠תֵעָֽשׂ 1 What is your petition? And let it be given to you. And what is your request? As much as half of the kingdom, and let it be done. These two question-and-statement pairs mean almost the same thing. Ahasuerus says the same thing twice in slightly different ways to show that he is truly disposed to give Esther whatever she wants. If this is confusing, you do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation. You could combine them into one or replace the repetition with a statement of what the repetition means, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “now please tell me what you really want. I will do it for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
548 EST 5 9 abv1 וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֤א 1 And … went out Alternate translation: “and … left the banquet”
549 EST 5 9 j73r figs-doublet שָׂמֵ֖חַ וְ⁠ט֣וֹב לֵ֑ב 1 joyful and good of heart The word **joyful** and the phrase **good of heart** mean the same thing. These terms are used together to show that Haman was very happy after attending Esther’s banquet with King Ahasuerus. Alternate translation: “feeling very good” [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]
550 EST 5 9 j75r figs-metaphor וְ⁠ט֣וֹב לֵ֑ב 1 and good of heart Here, **heart** figuratively represents the action of thinking or feeling. The phrase means that Haman felt happy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
551 EST 5 9 dkg6 figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹא־קָם֙ 1 that he neither rose up Under other circumstances, officials were expected to bow low to the ground to show respect for Haman. See [3:2](../03/02.md). But since Mordecai was already sitting on the ground as a sign of mourning, he would have been expected to stand up to show respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Mordecai did not stand up to show respect for Haman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Under other circumstances, officials were expected to bow low to the ground to show respect for Haman. See [3:2](../03/02.md). But since Mordecai was already sitting on the ground as a sign of mourning, he would have been expected to stand up to show respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Mordecai did not stand up to show respect for Haman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
552 EST 5 9 j77r translate-symaction וְ⁠לֹא־זָ֣ע מִמֶּ֔⁠נּוּ 1 nor trembled from him The phrase means that Mordecai was not afraid of Haman or of what Haman might do to him for refusing to show the respect that the king had commanded. Alternate translation: “or tremble fearfully in front of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
553 EST 5 9 s47u figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּמָּלֵ֥א הָמָ֛ן עַֽל־מָרְדֳּכַ֖י חֵמָֽה 1 then Haman was filled with rage on account of Mordecai Here, **Haman’s rage** is described as something that could fill him up. See how you translated this expression in [3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “Haman became very angry because of Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
554 EST 5 10 v5nl grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַ⁠יִּתְאַפַּ֣ק הָמָ֔ן 1 But Haman restrained himself There is a contrast between this sentence and the previous one. Haman felt very much like doing one thing, but he decided it would be better to do something else. The contrast can be indicated with a phrase such as “but even though.” Alternate translation: “but even though Haman was so angry, he kept himself from losing his temper” or “Haman refused to show how angry he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
568 EST 5 13 abw0 figs-metaphor וְ⁠כָל־זֶ֕ה אֵינֶ֥⁠נּוּ שֹׁוֶ֖ה לִ֑⁠י בְּ⁠כָל־עֵ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֤י רֹאֶה֙ 1 But all of this is not equal for me to every time that I see This is a figurative way of speaking. It is as if Haman is weighing his happiness on one side of a scale and his unhappiness on the other side. Haman is saying that his happiness over all the honors he has received is still not greater than his unhappiness over seeing Mordecai fail to honor him, so on balance, he is unhappy. Alternate translation: “I still cannot be happy as long as I keep seeing” or “all of this does not make me happy” or “…does not satisfy me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
569 EST 5 13 wu84 וְ⁠כָל־זֶ֕ה 1 But all of this Haman is continuing to speak here. You can show this by beginning with “Then Haman said.”
570 EST 5 13 abw1 figs-distinguish הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔י 1 the Jew This phrase gives clarifying information about Mordecai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
571 EST 5 13 abw2 figs-explicit יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּ⁠שַׁ֥עַר הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 sitting at the gate of the king Haman could be referring to the way Mordecai has been refusing to stand up to honor him, or he could be referring generally to the way Mordecai has never honored him (by either bowing or standing up) ever since he was appointed to a position in the king’s service and stationed at the gate. Either way, being reminded of this dishonor is the reason why Haman continues to be unhappy. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “sitting at the citadel gate and refusing to honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Haman could be referring to the way Mordecai has been refusing to stand up to honor him, or he could be referring generally to the way Mordecai has never honored him (by either bowing or standing up) ever since he was appointed to a position in the king’s service and stationed at the gate. Either way, being reminded of this dishonor is the reason why Haman continues to be unhappy. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “sitting at the citadel gate and refusing to honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
572 EST 5 13 abw3 בְּ⁠שַׁ֥עַר הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 the gate of the king Alternate translation: “the citadel gate”
573 EST 5 14 abw4 figs-explicit וַ⁠תֹּ֣אמֶר ל⁠וֹ֩ זֶ֨רֶשׁ אִשְׁתּ֜⁠וֹ וְ⁠כָל־אֹֽהֲבָ֗י⁠ו 1 Then … said to him The verb is feminine, so it is Zeresh who is speaking here. By mentioning the friends, it is implied that they are in agreement with what she says. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say, “Then Haman’s wife Zeresh suggested, and his friends agreed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
574 EST 5 14 j81r וְ⁠כָל־אֹֽהֲבָ֗י⁠ו 1 with all his friends This means the friends whom Haman had invited to his home that day. Alternate translation: “his friends who were there”
575 EST 5 14 abw5 figs-explicit יַֽעֲשׂוּ 1 Let them make You can say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “have your servants set up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
576 EST 5 14 i2f3 translate-unknown עֵץ֮ 1 a tree See how you translated this in [2:23](../02/23.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. Be sure your translation is consistent in the chapters that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
577 EST 5 14 k8zd translate-bdistance גָּבֹ֣הַּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּה֒ 1 50 cubits high You can convert this to a modern measure if that is the style of translation that you are using. Alternate translation: “seventy-five feet high” or “twenty-five meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
578 EST 5 14 hiui figs-explicit אֱמֹ֣ר לַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ וְ⁠יִתְל֤וּ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַי֙ עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can make explicit what Haman would say to the king. Alternate translation: “speak to the king and tell him that you would like to hang Mordecai on it” or “tell the king that you intend to hang Mordecai on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could make explicit what Haman would say to the king. Alternate translation: “speak to the king and tell him that you would like to hang Mordecai on it” or “tell the king that you intend to hang Mordecai on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
579 EST 5 14 abw7 figs-explicit וְ⁠יִתְל֤וּ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַי֙ עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 say to the king, and let them hang Mordecai on it If your readers would misunderstand this, you can make explicit who does the action. Probably, Haman’s servants would carry out the action. But since it would happen under Haman’s orders and perhaps under his supervision, you could also describe him as the one who does the action if that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and have your servants hang Mordecai on it” or “and hang Mordecai on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could make explicit who does the action. Probably, Haman’s servants would carry out the action. But since it would happen under Haman’s orders and perhaps under his supervision, you could also describe him as the one who does the action if that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and have your servants hang Mordecai on it” or “and hang Mordecai on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
580 EST 5 14 abw8 grammar-connect-logic-result וּ⁠בֹֽא…אֶל הַ⁠מִּשְׁתֶּ֖ה שָׂמֵ֑חַ 1 Then go … to the banquet joyful **Then** indicates more than a time sequence here. Zeresh and the friends are saying what the result would be. Alternate translation: “after he is dead, you will be able to go to the banquet … in a good mood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
581 EST 5 14 bbs9 figs-metonymy וַ⁠יִּיטַ֧ב הַ⁠דָּבָ֛ר לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י הָמָ֖ן 1 And the word was good before the face of Haman The **word** was the suggestion that Zeresh and the friends made. Here, **face** figuratively represents Haman himself by something associated with him, his face, which showed what he was thinking and feeling. Alternate translation: “Haman decided that he liked this idea” or “that suggestion pleased Haman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
582 EST 5 14 i8is וַ⁠יַּ֥עַשׂ הָ⁠עֵֽץ 1 and he made the tree Haman most likely did not do this personally. He ordered it to be done. Alternate translation: “he gave his servants orders to set up the pole” or “he told his servants to construct the gallows”
584 EST 6 intro i9x7 0 # Esther 6 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues the story of Haman’s fall.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Approaching the king<br>It was not possible for a person to easily approach the king. Normally, access to him was very limited. There are several events in this chapter which show the layers of protection surrounding the king.
585 EST 6 1 j85r writing-newevent בַּ⁠לַּ֣יְלָה הַ⁠ה֔וּא 1 That night This introduces a new event in the story. Use a natural way of introducing a new event in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
586 EST 6 1 abw9 figs-personification נָדְדָ֖ה שְׁנַ֣ת הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 the sleep of the king fled away Here, **sleep** is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could flee away. Alternate translation: “the king could not sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
587 EST 6 1 abx1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר לְ⁠הָבִ֞יא 1 And he said to bring **He** means the king. The implication is that he told the young men who attended him to do this. Verses 3 and 5 indicate this. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so he commanded his servants to fetch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) **He** means the king. The implication is that he told the young men who attended him to do this. Verses 3 and 5 indicate this. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so he commanded his servants to fetch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
588 EST 6 1 abx2 סֵ֤פֶר הַ⁠זִּכְרֹנוֹת֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י הַ⁠יָּמִ֔ים 1 the book of records of the events of days This is equivalent to the expression “the book of the events of days” in [2:23](../02/23.md). See how you translated that expression. Alternate translation: “the royal chronicles” or “the records of what had happened during all the time that he had been king”
589 EST 6 1 abx3 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּהְי֥וּ נִקְרָאִ֖ים 1 they were being called out This means that the chronicles were read out loud. You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the young men got the chronicles and began to read them out loud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
590 EST 6 1 j87r figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 before the face of the king Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. This phrase means that the book was being read in the king’s presence. Alternate translation: “to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
591 EST 6 2 u4gi figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּמָּצֵ֣א כָת֗וּב 1 And it was found written Both terms **found** and **recorded** can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “they found that the writers had recorded there” or “they read the part where the writers had written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
592 EST 6 2 abx4 figs-explicit הִגִּ֨יד מָרְדֳּכַ֜י עַל 1 Mordecai had told about The implication is that Mordecai had saved the king’s life by discovering the plot and telling him about it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Mordecai had saved the king’s life by discovering a plot against the king and telling him about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that Mordecai had saved the king’s life by discovering the plot and telling him about it. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Mordecai had saved the king’s life by discovering a plot against the king and telling him about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
593 EST 6 2 abx5 figs-events הִגִּ֨יד מָרְדֳּכַ֜י עַל 1 Mordecai had told about To relate the events in chronological order, you can put this at the end of the verse. Alternate translation: “but Mordecai had saved the king’s life by discovering their plot and telling him about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
594 EST 6 2 syd9 translate-names בִּגְתָ֣נָא וָ⁠תֶ֗רֶשׁ 1 Bigthana and Teresh These are the same two men who are named in [2:21](../02/21.md). However, there the first man’s name is said to be “Bigthan.” Decide on a consistent way of translating these names so your readers will know that they are the same men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
595 EST 6 2 abx6 translate-unknown שְׁנֵי֙ סָרִיסֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 two of the eunuchs of the king See how you translated the term **eunuch** in [1:10](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “two of the royal guardians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
596 EST 6 2 abx7 מִ⁠שֹּׁמְרֵ֖י הַ⁠סַּ֑ף 1 who were from the guardians of the doorway See how you translated this expression in [2:23](../02/23.md). Alternate translation: “who protected the doorway to the king’s private quarters”
597 EST 6 2 abx8 figs-metaphor בִּקְשׁוּ֙ 1 they had sought Here, **seeking** figuratively means actively trying to do something. Alternate translation: “they had planned” or “they had tried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
598 EST 6 2 j89r figs-idiom לִ⁠שְׁלֹ֣חַ יָ֔ד 1 to stretch out a hand As in [2:21](../02/21.md), the expression **to stretch out a hand** means to cause someone physical harm with the intention of killing them. Alternate translation: “to assassinate” or “to kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
599 EST 6 3 lmz6 figs-hendiadys מַֽה־נַּעֲשָׂ֞ה יְקָ֧ר וּ⁠גְדוּלָּ֛ה לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֖י 1 What honor or great deed was done for Mordecai **Honor** and **greatness** have similar meanings and they are used together to emphasize that Mordecai should certainly have been honored in some grand way for saving the king’s life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can express this by putting the terms together. For example, you could say, “What great honor was done for Mordecai?” Alternate translation: “what did we do to reward Mordecai or to show that we appreciated what he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) **Honor** and **greatness** have similar meanings and they are used together to emphasize that Mordecai should certainly have been honored in some grand way for saving the king’s life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this by putting the terms together. For example, you could say, “What great honor was done for Mordecai?” Alternate translation: “what did we do to reward Mordecai or to show that we appreciated what he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
600 EST 6 3 aby0 figs-activepassive נַּעֲשָׂ֞ה 1 was done You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “what did I do” or “what did we do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
601 EST 6 3 n2az figs-activepassive לֹא־נַעֲשָׂ֥ה עִמּ֖⁠וֹ דָּבָֽר 1 Not a thing has been done with him You can say this with an active form. However, it would be good to say this in a way that does not create the impression that the young men are accusing the king. Alternate translation: “no one did anything for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
602 EST 6 3 aby1 עַל־זֶ֑ה 1 on account of this Alternate translation: “for saving my life”
603 EST 6 4 aby2 figs-explicit מִ֣י בֶ⁠חָצֵ֑ר 1 Who is in the court? This could mean either: (1) The king knows that there is someone in the courtyard, maybe because he heard someone walking there; he wants to know who it is. (2) Since there are always people around the palace, the king assumes that there must be someone out in the courtyard. In either case, the king wants to know if there is someone there with whom he could consult about the best way to honor Mordecai. As the story has already said in [1:13](../01/13.md), it was the king’s habit to consult his advisors on important questions. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king wanted to consult someone about the best way to honor Mordecai, so he asked, ‘who is in the courtyard’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) This could mean either: (1) The king knows that there is someone in the courtyard, maybe because he heard someone walking there; he wants to know who it is. (2) Since there are always people around the palace, the king assumes that there must be someone out in the courtyard. In either case, the king wants to know if there is someone there with whom he could consult about the best way to honor Mordecai. As the story has already said in [1:13](../01/13.md), it was the king’s habit to consult his advisors on important questions. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king wanted to consult someone about the best way to honor Mordecai, so he asked, ‘who is in the courtyard’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
604 EST 6 4 aby3 מִ֣י בֶ⁠חָצֵ֑ר 1 Who is in the court? In order to present the events in logical and chronological order, you can put the king’s question last in the verse if that would be more natural in your language. Haman had already come in the courtyard by the time the king asked this question.
605 EST 6 4 j91r grammar-connect-time-background וְ⁠הָמָ֣ן בָּ֗א לַ⁠חֲצַ֤ר בֵּית־הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַ⁠חִ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה לֵ⁠אמֹ֣ר לַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ לִ⁠תְלוֹת֙ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַ֔י עַל־הָ⁠עֵ֖ץ אֲשֶׁר־הֵכִ֥ין לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Now Haman had come into the outer court of the house of the king to say to the king to hang Mordecai on the tree that he had prepared for him This sentence indicates that Haman had already entered the outer court when King Ahasuerus asked his question. You could indicate this with a phrase such as “at that moment” or “just then” or “while they were talking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
606 EST 6 4 rg8t לַ⁠חֲצַ֤ר בֵּית־הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַ⁠חִ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה 1 to the outer court of the house of the king This phrase is describing the first courtyard a person would come to after entering the palace from the outside. Alternate translation: “the outer courtyard of the palace”
611 EST 6 5 j93r figs-explicit הִנֵּ֥ה 1 Behold This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation. You could also have the young men address the king directly to get his attention. Alternate translation: “O king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
612 EST 6 5 j95r יָבֽוֹא 1 Let him come Alternate translation: “he may come in”
613 EST 6 6 j97r וַ⁠יָּבוֹא֮ הָמָן֒ וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר ל⁠וֹ֙ הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Then Haman came, and the king said to him Alternate translation: “when Haman came in, the king said”
614 EST 6 6 ky5i figs-123person מַה־לַ⁠עֲשׂ֕וֹת בָּ⁠אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֣ץ בִּ⁠יקָר֑⁠וֹ 1 What is one to do for the man in whose honor the king is delighted? Here the king speaks of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use the first person instead. Alternate translation: “what should I do for the man whom I would really like to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) Here the king speaks of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the first person instead. Alternate translation: “what should I do for the man whom I would really like to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
615 EST 6 6 n3r5 figs-idiom אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֣ץ בִּ⁠יקָר֑⁠וֹ 1 in whose honor the king is delighted **To delight** in doing something means to be glad to do it and to really want to do it. Alternate translation: “whom I am glad to honor” or “whom I want to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
616 EST 6 6 jh4i figs-metaphor וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר הָמָן֙ בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ 1 Then Haman said in his heart Here, **heart** could mean two different things: (1) Heart could figuratively represent the action of thinking or feeling. In that case, the phrase would mean “then Haman said in his thoughts.” (2) Heart could also be a metaphor meaning to be inside someone or something. In that case, the phrase would mean “then Haman said inside himself.” Either way, the phrase means that Haman was not saying this out loud, but saying it to himself in his thoughts. Alternate translation: “Haman thought to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
617 EST 6 6 yft1 figs-rquestion לְ⁠מִ֞י יַחְפֹּ֥ץ הַ⁠מֶּ֛לֶךְ לַ⁠עֲשׂ֥וֹת יְקָ֖ר יוֹתֵ֥ר מִמֶּֽ⁠נִּי 1 For whom would the king delight to do honor more than me Haman is actually making a statement to himself rather than asking a question and trying to figure out the answer. He uses a question form to emphasize how true he believes the statement to be. If your readers would misunderstand this, instead of a question, you could use a statement such as, “Surely there is no one whom the king would take pleasure in honoring more than me!” Alternate translation: “whom would the king like to honor more than me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
618 EST 6 7 j1d1 figs-idiom אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֥ץ בִּ⁠יקָרֽ⁠וֹ 1 For a man in whose honor the king is delighted **To delight** in doing something means to be glad to do it and to really want to do it. Alternate translation: “for a man the king is glad to honor” or “for a man the king wants to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
619 EST 6 7 aby6 figs-123person אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֥ץ בִּ⁠יקָרֽ⁠וֹ 1 For a man in whose honor the king is delighted Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. You can have him address the king in the second person. Alternate translation: “if you really want to honor someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
620 EST 6 8 mz79 figs-explicit יָבִ֨יאוּ֙ 1 let them bring The implication is that the king’s servants would do this. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “let someone bring” or “tell your servants to bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that the king’s servants would do this. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “let someone bring” or “tell your servants to bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
621 EST 6 8 aby7 figs-abstractnouns לְב֣וּשׁ מַלְכ֔וּת אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָֽבַשׁ־בּ֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 a garment of royalty with which the king has clothed himself **Royalty** is an abstract noun that refers to anything that belongs to the king. You can translate this idea with an adjective, “a royal garment.” Alternate translation: “one of your own royal robes that you have already worn yourself” or “one of the robes you wear to show that you are the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
622 EST 6 8 aby8 figs-123person אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָֽבַשׁ־בּ֖⁠וֹ הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 with which the king has clothed himself Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. You can have him address the king in the second person. Alternate translation: “that you have already worn yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
623 EST 6 8 aby9 figs-123person וְ⁠ס֗וּס אֲשֶׁ֨ר רָכַ֤ב עָלָי⁠ו֙ 1 and a horse on which the king has ridden Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. You can have him address the king in the second person. Alternate translation: “a horse that you have already ridden yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
624 EST 6 8 r63j figs-activepassive וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּ֛ן כֶּ֥תֶר מַלְכ֖וּת בְּ⁠רֹאשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 and which has been given a crown of royalty for its head This whole phrase refers to the horse. You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “and that has a royal crown on its head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
625 EST 6 8 abz0 figs-explicit וַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּ֛ן כֶּ֥תֶר מַלְכ֖וּת בְּ⁠רֹאשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 and which has been given a crown of royalty for its head The implication is that this would be done to show that this was one of the king’s own horses. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and that has a royal crown on its head to show that it belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that this would be done to show that this was one of the king’s own horses. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and that has a royal crown on its head to show that it belongs to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
626 EST 6 8 abz1 figs-abstractnouns כֶּ֥תֶר מַלְכ֖וּת 1 a crown of royalty **Royalty** is an abstract noun that refers to the royal authority that the king exercised. You can translate this idea with an adjective, “a royal crown.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
627 EST 6 9 pp3l figs-metaphor וְ⁠נָת֨וֹן הַ⁠לְּב֜וּשׁ וְ⁠הַ⁠סּ֗וּס עַל־יַד־אִ֞ישׁ מִ⁠שָּׂרֵ֤י הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ 1 Then give this garment and this horse into the hand of a man from the most noble officials of the king Here, **hand** is a metaphor meaning power, control, or authority. It appears that the king himself would not perform such acts of service to one of his subjects even if he really wanted to honor that person. So Haman is saying that on behalf of the king, representing his authority and power, one of the king’s most noble officials should present the man with the robe and the horse. Alternate translation: “then, on your behalf, have one of your most noble officials present the man with the robe and the horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
628 EST 6 9 j1d3 figs-123person אִ֞ישׁ מִ⁠שָּׂרֵ֤י הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ הַֽ⁠פַּרְתְּמִ֔ים 1 a man from the most noble officials of the king Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use the second person. Alternate translation: “one of your most noble officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the second person. Alternate translation: “one of your most noble officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
629 EST 6 9 pfz6 figs-explicit וְ⁠הִלְבִּ֨ישׁוּ֙ 1 And let them clothe Since **them** is plural, it likely refers to the king’s servants. You can say this explicitly If your readers would misunderstand this. Alternate translation: “have your servants clothe … with the robe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
630 EST 6 9 j1d5 figs-idiom הָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֣ץ בִּֽ⁠יקָר֑⁠וֹ 1 the man in whose honor the king is delighted **To delight** in doing something means to be glad to do something or to want to do something. Alternate translation: “the man whom you really want to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
631 EST 6 9 abz2 figs-123person הָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֣ץ בִּֽ⁠יקָר֑⁠וֹ 1 the man in whose honor the king is delighted Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use the second person. Alternate translation: “the man whom you really want to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the second person. Alternate translation: “the man whom you really want to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
632 EST 6 9 abz4 בִּ⁠רְח֣וֹב הָ⁠עִ֔יר 1 in the open place of the city This refers to a large, open space in the city, either the space that was in front of the palace (as in [4:6](../04/06.md)), or a space inside one of the city gates. In either case, this would have been a public area where people could gather, and so it was a place where a great number of people would have seen how the king was honoring Mordecai. Alternate translation: “through the public square of the city”
633 EST 6 9 qs3k וְ⁠קָרְא֣וּ 1 and proclaim Alternate translation: “and tell the noble official and servants to proclaim” or “and have them shout out”
634 EST 6 9 j1d7 figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנָ֔י⁠ו 1 before his face Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of a person. The phrase means that the servants were to shout out to the people in front of the man on the horse, that is, to the people who were in the path of his horse as it approached. Alternate translation: “to whoever is in front of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
635 EST 6 9 j1d9 figs-idiom כָּ֚כָה יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה לָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֥ץ בִּ⁠יקָרֽ⁠וֹ 1 Thus shall it be done for the man in whose honor the king is delighted **To delight** in doing something means to be glad to do something or to want to do something. Alternate translation: “the king is doing this because he really wants to honor this man” or “this is what the king does when he especially wants to honor someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
636 EST 6 9 pwgm figs-activepassive כָּ֚כָה יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה 1 You can say this with an active form, and you can say who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “the king is doing this” or “this is what the king does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
637 EST 6 10 j2d1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ 1 So the king said to Haman The implication is that the king liked Haman’s suggestion. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king liked this idea, so he replied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that the king liked Haman’s suggestion. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king liked this idea, so he replied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
638 EST 6 10 abz5 כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֔רְתָּ וַֽ⁠עֲשֵׂה־כֵן֙ 1 according to how you have spoken, and do thus Alternate translation: “do everything that you have said” or “do just what you have suggested”
639 EST 6 10 abz6 figs-idiom הַ⁠יּוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּ⁠שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 the man who sits at the gate of the king As in [2:19](../02/19.md), this is likely an idiom which means that Mordecai worked for the king in some capacity and was stationed at the gate. Alternate translation: “one of my servants, who is stationed at the king’s gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
640 EST 6 10 abz7 figs-123person הַ⁠יּוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּ⁠שַׁ֣עַר הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 the man who sits at the gate of the king Here the king speaks of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can use the first person. Alternate translation: “one of my servants, who is stationed at the gate to the palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) Here the king speaks of himself in the third person. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “one of my servants, who is stationed at the gate to the palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
641 EST 6 10 gln7 figs-metaphor אַל־תַּפֵּ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר 1 Do not allow a word to fail Here the action of letting **fall** is a metaphor meaning to leave out or leave unfulfilled. The phrase means that Haman must do absolutely everything that he said. Alternate translation: “do not leave out anything that you suggested” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
642 EST 6 10 abz8 figs-doublenegatives אַל־תַּפֵּ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר 1 Do not allow a word to fail This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Be sure to do absolutely everything that you have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
643 EST 6 11 abz9 וַ⁠יַּרְכִּיבֵ֨⁠הוּ֙ בִּ⁠רְח֣וֹב הָ⁠עִ֔יר 1 and paraded him in the open place of the city See how you translated these expressions in verse 9. Alternate translation: “seated him on the horse and then led the horse through the public square of the city”
644 EST 6 11 j2d5 figs-metonymy וַ⁠יִּקְרָ֣א לְ⁠פָנָ֔י⁠ו 1 called out before his face Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of a person. The phrase means that Haman shouted out to the people in front of Mordecai, that is, the people who were in the path of his horse as it approached. Alternate translation: “called out to all of the people in front of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
645 EST 6 11 j2d7 figs-idiom אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ חָפֵ֥ץ בִּ⁠יקָרֽ⁠וֹ 1 Thus shall it be done for the man in whose honor the king is delighted **To delight** in doing something means to be glad to do something or to want to do something. Alternate translation: “the king is doing this because he really wants to honor this man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
646 EST 6 12 uri5 translate-symaction אָבֵ֖ל וַ⁠חֲפ֥וּי רֹֽאשׁ 1 mourning with a covering of head People often covered their heads to show that they were either extremely sad or ashamed. Alternate translation: “covering his head because he felt completely disgraced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
647 EST 6 13 j3d1 figs-explicit וַ⁠יְסַפֵּ֨ר הָמָ֜ן 1 Then Haman recounted The implication is that, just as Haman gathered his friends together in [5:10](../05/10.md) to boast of his status, now he gathered them together once again to talk about what had just happened. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Haman brought all his friends together again. He told…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that, just as Haman gathered his friends together in [5:10](../05/10.md) to boast of his status, now he gathered them together once again to talk about what had just happened. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Haman brought all his friends together again. He told…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
648 EST 6 13 aca1 figs-explicit כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֑⁠הוּ 1 everything that had happened to him The implication is that he told about the things that had happened to him “that day.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that he told about the things that had happened to him “that day.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
649 EST 6 13 aca2 figs-explicit וַ⁠יֹּ֩אמְרוּ֩ ל֨⁠וֹ חֲכָמָ֜י⁠ו וְ⁠זֶ֣רֶשׁ 1 Then his wise men and Zeresh said to him The implication is that, just as King Ahasuerus had royal advisors, Haman had advisors of his own. They would have been included among the “friends” he gathered for this occasion. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “some of his friends were also his advisors, and they and his wife Zeresh told him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that, just as King Ahasuerus had royal advisors, Haman had advisors of his own. They would have been included among the “friends” he gathered for this occasion. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “some of his friends were also his advisors, and they and his wife Zeresh told him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
650 EST 6 13 aca3 חֲכָמָ֜י⁠ו 1 his wise men See how you translated this expression in [1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “his advisors”
651 EST 6 13 fd5k figs-metaphor אִ֣ם…מָרְדֳּכַ֞י אֲשֶׁר֩ הַחִלּ֨וֹתָ לִ⁠נְפֹּ֤ל לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ 1 If Mordecai, before whose face you have begun to fall This could mean either of two possibilities: (1) The action of falling could refer to bowing down and it could be a metaphor meaning to be dishonored and defeated. Haman wanted Mordecai to bow down in front of him. But instead, the story would be saying that Haman is starting to bow down (in a metaphorical sense) in front of Mordecai. Alternate translation: “Mordecai has begun to humiliate you. If he…” (2) “Fall” could be a figurative way of saying “be killed in battle.” In that case, Zeresh would be comparing Haman and Mordecai to two soldiers who are fighting. She is saying that Haman has already “begun to fall,” that is, he is losing the battle, and he is likely to be killed. Alternate translation: “Mordecai has begun to defeat you. Since he…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
652 EST 6 13 j3d3 figs-metonymy לְ⁠פָנָי⁠ו֙ 1 before … face Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of a person. This could mean: (1) that Haman has already begun to fall down (bow down) in front of Mordecai figuratively, or (2) that Haman and Mordecai are facing one another figuratively in hand-to-hand combat. Alternate translation: “before whom” or “in whose presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
680 EST 7 3 j5d1 figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠בַקָּשָׁתִֽ⁠י 1 at my request The abstract noun **request** can be expressed with the verb “ask for.” Alternate translation: “rhat is what I am asking for” or “rhat is what I want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
681 EST 7 4 acb1 figs-metaphor כִּ֤י נִמְכַּ֨רְנוּ֙ 1 For we have been sold As Esther points out later in the verse, the Jews actually have not been exchanged for money. Rather, **sell** is a figurative way of saying “turn over to.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express this meaning by saying something like “For someone has turned us over to our enemies.” Alternatively, you could use the same figure, but show that it is a comparison. Alternate translation: “it is as though I and my people are cattle that have been sold to be slaughtered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
682 EST 7 4 fhs7 figs-activepassive כִּ֤י נִמְכַּ֨רְנוּ֙ 1 For we have been sold You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “for someone has sold us” or “for someone has put us in danger of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
683 EST 7 4 e9cx figs-doublet לְ⁠הַשְׁמִ֖יד לַ⁠הֲר֣וֹג וּ⁠לְ⁠אַבֵּ֑ד 1 for annihilation, for slaughter, and for destruction As in [3:13](../03/13.md), these words mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. If using three words would be difficult or confusing in your language, you can use one word for this and indicate that the destruction is extreme. Alternate translation: “and they are going to kill every one of us” (A “doublet” can involve the use of more than two words.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) As in [3:13](../03/13.md), these words mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize the completeness of the destruction. If using three words would be difficult or confusing in your language, you could use one word for this and indicate that the destruction is extreme. Alternate translation: “and they are going to kill every one of us” (A “doublet” can involve the use of more than two words.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
684 EST 7 4 yg01 figs-abstractnouns לְ⁠הַשְׁמִ֖יד לַ⁠הֲר֣וֹג וּ⁠לְ⁠אַבֵּ֑ד 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns such as these, you can replace them with one or more verbs. Alternate translation: “and they are going to kill every one of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
685 EST 7 4 acb2 וְ֠⁠אִלּוּ לַ⁠עֲבָדִ֨ים וְ⁠לִ⁠שְׁפָח֤וֹת נִמְכַּ֨רְנוּ֙ 1 if we had been sold as slaves and female servants Alternate translation: “if the men and even the women had been sold into slavery”
686 EST 7 4 j5d3 figs-hyperbole אֵ֥ין הַ⁠צָּ֛ר שֹׁוֶ֖ה בְּ⁠נֵ֥זֶק הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 the distress would not have been equal to a burden of the king Esther is speaking very deferentially and with some exaggeration in order to impress on the king how important this is to her. She is saying that it would have been worth less to her to see her people rescued from slavery than it would have been to see the king spared the trouble of intervening on their behalf. (Haman uses the expression of “not equal” in this same sense in [5:13](../05/13.md).) Alternate translation: “that would have been a matter too small to bother you with” or “that would be a small matter to a king like you, but this is very much worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
693 EST 7 6 ar4f נִבְעַ֔ת 1 was terrified Alternative translation: “was extremely afraid”
694 EST 7 6 j5d9 figs-metonymy נִבְעַ֔ת מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֥י 1 terrified from before the face of Here, **face** figuratively means the presence of a person. The phrase means that Haman was now extremely afraid to be in the presence of King Ahasuerus and Queen Esther. Alternate translation: “this made Haman very afraid to be in the presence of the king and the queen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
695 EST 7 7 bzd4 figs-idiom וְ⁠הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ קָ֤ם בַּ⁠חֲמָת⁠וֹ֙ מִ⁠מִּשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַ⁠יַּ֔יִן 1 Then the king rose up in his rage from the banquet of wine Here, **in his rage** is an idiom meaning to be extremely angry. Alternate translation: “the king was extremely angry and got up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
696 EST 7 7 j6d1 figs-explicit אֶל־גִּנַּ֖ת הַ⁠בִּיתָ֑ן 1 rose up … to the garden of the palace The implication is that Ahasuerus went outside to absorb the shock that a man he had promoted to the highest position in his empire was plotting to destroy his queen and her whole people. Ahasuerus needed to sort out his conflicting loyalties and decide what to do about this. If it would be misunderstood, you can say explicitly why he went outside. Alternate translation: “he went outside to the palace garden to decide what to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that Ahasuerus went outside to absorb the shock that a man he had promoted to the highest position in his empire was plotting to destroy his queen and her whole people. Ahasuerus needed to sort out his conflicting loyalties and decide what to do about this. If it would be misunderstood, you could say explicitly why he went outside. Alternate translation: “he went outside to the palace garden to decide what to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
697 EST 7 7 uaq6 figs-metaphor לְ⁠בַקֵּ֤שׁ עַל־נַפְשׁ⁠וֹ֙ 1 in order to seek for his life Here, **seeking** figuratively means to beg or plead urgently for something. This phrase means that Haman wanted to beg Esther to persuade the king not to order his execution. Alternate translation: “to plead with Queen Esther to spare his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
698 EST 7 7 qz1m figs-metaphor כִּ֣י רָאָ֔ה 1 for he saw Here, **seeing** is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. Alternate translation: “he realized” or “he understood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
699 EST 7 7 nin1 figs-activepassive כָלְתָ֥ה אֵלָ֛י⁠ו הָ⁠רָעָ֖ה מֵ⁠אֵ֥ת הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 evil was determined against him by the king You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the king had decided to cause a disaster against him” or “the king was decided to destroy him” or “the king had decided to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
700 EST 7 7 j6d3 figs-abstractnouns כָלְתָ֥ה אֵלָ֛י⁠ו הָ⁠רָעָ֖ה מֵ⁠אֵ֥ת הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 evil was determined against him by the king Here the abstract noun **evil** means “harm,” not something that is morally wrong as in the previous verse. In this context, it can be expressed with a verb such as “execute.” Alternate translation: “the king was likely to execute him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
701 EST 7 8 j6d5 figs-explicit וְ⁠הַ⁠מֶּ֡לֶךְ שָׁב֩…וְ⁠הָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֔ל 1 Now when the king returned … Haman was fallen The implication is that when the king returned to the room, he saw what this verse describes next. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “when the king returned…, he saw that Haman had fallen…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that when the king returned to the room, he saw what this verse describes next. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “when the king returned…, he saw that Haman had fallen…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
702 EST 7 8 h4c7 figs-explicit וְ⁠הָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֔ל עַל־הַ⁠מִּטָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 Now … Haman was fallen on the couch on which Esther was The implication is that Haman was doing this as he pleaded for his life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can add that information to the end of this phrase: “…as he was begging Esther to spare his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that Haman was doing this as he pleaded for his life. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could add that information to the end of this phrase: “…as he was begging Esther to spare his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
703 EST 7 8 acb8 figs-events וְ⁠הָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֔ל עַל־הַ⁠מִּטָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 Now … Haman was fallen on the couch on which Esther was If you prefer to present the events in chronological order, you can put this information first in the verse. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
704 EST 7 8 acb9 figs-idiom וְ⁠הָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֔ל עַל־הַ⁠מִּטָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 Now … Haman was fallen on the couch on which Esther was The expression **was fallen** means that as Haman was begging for his life, he was not standing up; he had suddenly come down very close to Esther as she was reclining on a couch. (From the impression that the king got when he returned, it is possible that Haman was even grabbing her arms or shoulders as he pleaded with Esther.) Alternate translation: “Haman had come down very close to Esther as she was reclining on a banqueting couch” or “Haman had thrown himself down on the couch where Esther was reclining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
705 EST 7 8 acc0 הַ⁠מִּטָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 the couch on which Esther was In this culture, especially at a banquet like this one, wealthy people would recline on couches as they ate and drank. Alternate translation: “Esther’s banqueting couch”
706 EST 7 8 thq6 figs-rquestion הֲ֠⁠גַם לִ⁠כְבּ֧וֹשׁ אֶת־הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֛ה עִמִּ֖⁠י בַּ⁠בָּ֑יִת 1 Is it also to subdue the queen, with me, in the house? The king phrases this as a question to show his shock and anger at what he thinks Haman is doing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can phrase it as a statement. Alternate translation: “he is even trying to rape the queen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) The king phrases this as a question to show his shock and anger at what he thinks Haman is doing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could phrase it as a statement. Alternate translation: “he is even trying to rape the queen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
707 EST 7 8 l4ce figs-euphemism לִ⁠כְבּ֧וֹשׁ אֶת־הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֛ה 1 to subdue the queen The story is using a mild expression to refer to something that is disturbing. In this context, “subdue” means “rape.” The king thought that Haman was trying to rape Esther, and he likely said just that. You can show this in your translation if you want to make this clear. Alternate translation: “trying to rape the queen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
708 EST 7 8 acc1 figs-parallelism עִמִּ֖⁠י בַּ⁠בָּ֑יִת 1 with me, in the house These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize the idea that they are expressing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine the phrases. However, each one does indicate something slightly different about what a serious offense it would be if Haman actually were trying to rape Esther. It would be a violation of the king’s personal trust and a violation of the trust implicit in hospitality. So you can also include both phrases. Alternate translation: “in my presence and in my own house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize the idea that they are expressing. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine the phrases. However, each one does indicate something slightly different about what a serious offense it would be if Haman actually were trying to rape Esther. It would be a violation of the king’s personal trust and a violation of the trust implicit in hospitality. So you could also include both phrases. Alternate translation: “in my presence and in my own house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
709 EST 7 8 adq6 figs-idiom הַ⁠דָּבָ֗ר יָצָא֙ מִ⁠פִּ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 The word was going out from the mouth of the king This expression describes the action of speaking. Alternate translation: “as soon as the king said this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
710 EST 7 8 acc2 grammar-connect-time-background הַ⁠דָּבָ֗ר…וּ⁠פְנֵ֥י הָמָ֖ן חָפֽוּ 1 The word was going out … when they covered the face of Haman The king spoke, and then the servants covered Haman’s face. One action followed upon another. However, this happened so quickly that almost no time seemed to pass in between. You can indicate this with a phrase like “as soon as.” Alternate translation: “when the king said this, immediately they covered Haman’s face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
711 EST 7 8 j6d9 figs-explicit וּ⁠פְנֵ֥י הָמָ֖ן חָפֽוּ 1 when they covered the face of Haman The implication is that some the king’s servants who were present did this, and they did it because they understood that the king wanted Haman to be executed. Alternate translation: “some of his servants covered Haman’s face because he was going to be executed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
719 EST 7 9 j7d7 figs-idiom לְֽ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֧ר דִּבֶּר־ט֣וֹב עַל־הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ 1 for Mordecai, who spoke good for the king This expression means that Mordecai said something that benefitted the king. Specifically, Mordecai reported an assassination plot and saved the king’s life. Alternate translation: “Mordecai, who saved the king’s life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
720 EST 7 9 j7d9 figs-123person דִּבֶּר־ט֣וֹב עַל־הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ 1 spoke good for the king Harbona addresses the king in the third person as a way of showing respect. Alternate translation: “saved your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
721 EST 7 9 acc6 עֹמֵד֙ 1 is standing Alternate translation: “is set up”
722 EST 7 9 sre1 translate-bdistance גָּבֹ֖הַּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֑ה 1 50 cubits high If your readers would misunderstand this, you can convert this to a modern measure. See how you translated this phrase in [5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “seventy-five feet high” or “twenty-five meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could convert this to a modern measure. See how you translated this phrase in [5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “seventy-five feet high” or “twenty-five meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
723 EST 7 9 acc7 figs-explicit תְּלֻ֥⁠הוּ עָלָֽי⁠ו 1 Hang him on it **Him** means Haman. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “hang [or impale] Haman on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) **Him** means Haman. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “hang [or impale] Haman on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
724 EST 7 10 j8d3 translate-unknown הָ⁠עֵ֖ץ 1 the tree See how you translated this in [2:23](../02/23.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. Be sure your translation is consistent in the chapters that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
725 EST 7 10 umd4 figs-metaphor וַ⁠חֲמַ֥ת הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ שָׁכָֽכָה 1 and the rage of the king subsided Here the story figuratively compares the king’s anger to floodwaters, which can cause great destruction. “Subside” means for waters to drain away and for their level to go down. You could express the meaning by saying something like “Then the king’s rage lessened,” or “Then the king was not so angry.” Or you could use a different metaphor that would be meaningful in your language, such as, “Then the king cooled off.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
726 EST 8 intro z6j7 0 # Esther 8 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s protection<br>Yahweh is at work in this chapter preventing the possible destruction of the Jews. God used Esther and Mordecai to protect their people.
727 EST 8 1 j8d5 writing-newevent בַּ⁠יּ֣וֹם הַ⁠ה֗וּא 1 On that day This could mean one of three things: (1) A new series of events is now being described, but the story makes clear that they happened on the same day as the second banquet. While it must have been some time later in the day, the idea is that when Haman lost his life, and also his property, Esther gained what her enemy had lost. Alternate translation: “that same day” (2) The expression could also be an idiom that means “as of that day.” This would refer to the effective date for the transfer of Haman’s property to Esther. Alternate translation: “as of that day” (3) The term “day” could also be used figuratively to mean around the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
728 EST 8 1 j8d7 figs-synecdoche נָתַ֞ן הַ⁠מֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ֙ לְ⁠אֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַ⁠מַּלְכָּ֔ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית הָמָ֖ן 1 the king Ahasuerus gave to Esther the queen the house of Haman Here, **house** figuratively represents all the household and property of Haman. The story could be referring to all the property by naming one part of it, the house. Or “house” could be a metonym for “property,” meaning everything a person owns and keeps in their house, and by extension everything they own beyond the house as well. Alternate translation: “King Ahasuerus declared that everything that Haman had owned would now belong to Queen Esther” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
729 EST 8 1 nm3u figs-distinguish צֹרֵ֣ר הַיְּהוּדִ֑ים 1 the adversary of the Jews This phrase gives clarifying information about Haman. Alternate translation: “the enemy of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
730 EST 8 1 acc9 figs-explicit וּ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֗י בָּ֚א לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Mordecai came before the face of the king The implication is that when the king learned how Mordecai was related to Esther, he summoned Mordecai into his presence. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when he learned that, the king sent for Mordecai to come into his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that when the king learned how Mordecai was related to Esther, he summoned Mordecai into his presence. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when he learned that, the king sent for Mordecai to come into his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
731 EST 8 1 j8d9 figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 before the face of the king Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. This phrase indicates that Mordecai was allowed to come into the king’s presence. Alternate translation: “into his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
732 EST 8 1 acd0 figs-events הִגִּ֥ידָה אֶסְתֵּ֖ר מַ֥ה הוּא־לָֽ⁠הּ 1 Esther told what he was to her You can say this before saying that the king summoned Mordecai, since it happened first. See the UST. Alternate translation: “Esther told the king how Mordecai was related to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
733 EST 8 1 j9d1 figs-explicit הִגִּ֥ידָה אֶסְתֵּ֖ר מַ֥ה הוּא־לָֽ⁠הּ 1 Esther told what he was to her Esther told this to the king. She would likely have explained not just how she and Mordecai were related, but that he had raised her after her parents died. You can say this If your readers would misunderstand this. Alternate translation: “Esther told the king that Mordecai was her cousin and that he had been like a father to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Esther told this to the king. She would likely have explained not just how she and Mordecai were related, but that he had raised her after her parents died. you could say this If your readers would misunderstand this. Alternate translation: “Esther told the king that Mordecai was her cousin and that he had been like a father to her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
734 EST 8 2 m5hz translate-symaction וַ⁠יָּ֨סַר הַ⁠מֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶת־טַבַּעְתּ֗⁠וֹ…וַֽ⁠יִּתְּנָ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 the king removed his signet ring … and he gave it to Mordecai Giving the ring to Mordecai showed that Mordecai could now act on the king’s own authority, and it enabled him to do that. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king now gave this ring to Mordecai to show that Mordecai had the power to act on the authority of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) Giving the ring to Mordecai showed that Mordecai could now act on the king’s own authority, and it enabled him to do that. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king now gave this ring to Mordecai to show that Mordecai had the power to act on the authority of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
735 EST 8 2 acd1 translate-unknown טַבַּעְתּ֗⁠וֹ 1 signet ring See how you translated this in [3:10](../03/10.md). Review the explanation there if that would be helpful. Alternate translation: “the ring that had his official seal on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
736 EST 8 2 j9d3 figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱבִיר֙ מֵֽ⁠הָמָ֔ן 1 that he had caused to pass from Haman This means that the king had taken back his signet ring from Haman. He would have done this when he sentenced Haman to death. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king had given Haman the ring that had his official seal on it, but he had taken it back from Haman when he sentenced Haman to death, and the king was wearing it again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) This means that the king had taken back his signet ring from Haman. He would have done this when he sentenced Haman to death. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the king had given Haman the ring that had his official seal on it, but he had taken it back from Haman when he sentenced Haman to death, and the king was wearing it again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
737 EST 8 2 acd2 figs-events אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱבִיר֙ מֵֽ⁠הָמָ֔ן 1 that he had caused to pass from Haman If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put this information first in the verse because it happened before everything else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this information first in the verse because it happened before everything else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
738 EST 8 2 z5yn figs-explicit וַֽ⁠יִּתְּנָ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠מָרְדֳּכָ֑י 1 and he gave it to Mordecai By giving his signet ring to Mordecai, the king gave Mordecai the authority to write important papers that people would have to obey. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) By giving his signet ring to Mordecai, the king gave Mordecai the authority to write important papers that people would have to obey. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
739 EST 8 2 acd3 figs-metaphor וַ⁠תָּ֧שֶׂם אֶסְתֵּ֛ר אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַ֖י עַל־בֵּ֥ית הָמָֽן 1 Esther placed Mordecai over the house of Haman To place someone over something figuratively means to put them in charge of it. Alternate translation: “Esther appointed Mordecai to be in charge of everything that had belonged to Haman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
740 EST 8 2 d2tj figs-metonymy בֵּ֥ית הָמָֽן 1 the house of Haman See the explanation of this phrase in verse 1. Alternate translation: “everything that Haman had owned” or “the household of Haman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
741 EST 8 3 j9d5 writing-newevent וַ⁠תּ֣וֹסֶף אֶסְתֵּ֗ר וַ⁠תְּדַבֵּר֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Then Esther repeated her action, and she spoke before the face of the king Here the exact meaning of the progression of verbs is uncertain, but this verse probably begins a new event in the story separate from what happened in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “then Esther again spoke in the king’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
742 EST 8 3 j9d7 figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 before the face of the king Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. Alternate translation: “while she was in his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
743 EST 8 3 j9d9 figs-idiom וַ⁠תִּפֹּ֖ל לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו 1 And she fell before the face of his feet Here, **falling** is an idiom referring to the action of bowing down or prostrating oneself, and **face** figuratively represents the front of a person, place, or object. Alternate translation: “and she bowed down” or “and she prostrated herself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
744 EST 8 3 acd4 translate-symaction וַ⁠תִּפֹּ֖ל לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו 1 And she fell before the face of his feet This may actually mean that Esther put her face right on top of the feet of King Ahasuerus. This would have been an act of humility and desperation by which she showed that her need was very great and that she believed the king had great power to help her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
745 EST 8 3 acd5 figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּפֹּ֖ל לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו 1 And she fell before the face of his feet Esther’s action was probably a recognized sign of pleading in this culture. However, it would likely still have been remarkable for a queen to fall at the feet of her husband, the king. You can show this by introducing the information with a phrase like “in fact.” Alternate translation: “in fact, to show how desperately she was pleading, Esther got down and put her face right on top of his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Esther’s action was probably a recognized sign of pleading in this culture. However, it would likely still have been remarkable for a queen to fall at the feet of her husband, the king. you could show this by introducing the information with a phrase like “in fact.” Alternate translation: “in fact, to show how desperately she was pleading, Esther got down and put her face right on top of his feet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
746 EST 8 3 j1r1 figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו 1 before the face of his feet Here, **face** is a metonym meaning the front of a person, place, or object. This phrase means that Esther prostrated herself in front of the feet of King Ahasuerus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
747 EST 8 3 jmn7 figs-idiom לְ⁠הַֽעֲבִיר֙ אֶת־רָעַת֙ הָמָ֣ן הָֽ⁠אֲגָגִ֔י 1 to take away the evil of Haman the Agagite and his plot that he had plotted against the Jews Here, **the evil** refers to Haman’s plan. This expression means to prevent a wrong action from happening. Alternate translation: “to stop the evil plan of Haman the Agagite” or “to prevent the evil things from happening that Haman the Agagite had planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
748 EST 8 3 bp22 translate-names הָֽ⁠אֲגָגִ֔י 1 the Agagite This is the name of Haman’s people group. See how you translated this in [3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
782 EST 8 8 acf3 figs-123person בְּ⁠טַבַּ֣עַת הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 with the signet ring of the king King Ahasuerus refers to himself in the third person. You can have him say this in the first person. Alternate translation: “the ring that has my official seal on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
783 EST 8 8 j3r5 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 For Here, King Ahasuerus is expressing the reason why he cannot simply revoke the first letter and also why Esther and Mordecai can write another letter that people must obey. Alternate translation: “you see” or “people will obey your letter because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
784 EST 8 8 acf4 אֵ֥ין לְ⁠הָשִֽׁיב 1 there is none to take back a writing As in verse 5, this expression means “revoke.” Alternate translation: “no one can revoke” or “no one can nullify”
785 EST 8 8 acf5 כְתָ֞ב…אֵ֥ין לְ⁠הָשִֽׁיב 1 there is none to take back a writing If your readers would misunderstand this, you can put this first in the verse because it explains why Ahasuerus answers Esther and Mordecai in the way that he does. See the UST. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could put this first in the verse because it explains why Ahasuerus answers Esther and Mordecai in the way that he does. See the UST.
786 EST 8 8 acf6 figs-explicit כְתָ֞ב אֲשֶׁר־נִכְתָּ֣ב בְּ⁠שֵׁם־הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ וְ⁠נַחְתּ֛וֹם בְּ⁠טַבַּ֥עַת הַ⁠מֶּ֖לֶךְ 1 a writing that has been written in the name of the king and has been sealed with the signet ring of the king The king is describing a general situation, but he has Haman’s letter specifically in mind. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Haman wrote his letter with my authority, and he sealed it with the ring that has my official seal on it. No one can revoke a letter like that” (The story explained in [1:19](../01/19.md) that the king’s laws could not be changed once they had been made and proclaimed.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The king is describing a general situation, but he has Haman’s letter specifically in mind. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Haman wrote his letter with my authority, and he sealed it with the ring that has my official seal on it. No one can revoke a letter like that” (The story explained in [1:19](../01/19.md) that the king’s laws could not be changed once they had been made and proclaimed.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
787 EST 8 9 acf7 grammar-connect-logic-result וַ⁠יִּקָּרְא֣וּ סֹפְרֵֽי־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ 1 So … were called This indicates that what is described in this verse was done because of what the king said in the previous verse. Use a connecting word or phrase to show this in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
788 EST 8 9 s4ue figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּקָּרְא֣וּ סֹפְרֵֽי־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ 1 So the scribes of the king were called You can say this with an active form, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “the king called his scribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
789 EST 8 9 acf8 וַ⁠יִּקָּרְא֣וּ סֹפְרֵֽי־הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ 1 So the scribes of the king were called If you use an expression such as “called,” make sure your readers will understand that the king likely sent an official to go and bring the scribes back with him. The king did not call out in a loud voice to get them to come.
790 EST 8 9 j4r1 translate-ordinal בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֜י 1 in the third month Alternate translation: “in month three” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
791 EST 8 9 acf9 figs-explicit בַּ⁠חֹ֨דֶשׁ הַ⁠שְּׁלִישִׁ֜י 1 in the third month It would still be the same year as in [3:7](../03/07.md), the twelfth year that Ahasuerus reigned as king of Persia. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the third month of the year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) It would still be the same year as in [3:7](../03/07.md), the twelfth year that Ahasuerus reigned as king of Persia. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the third month of the year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
792 EST 8 9 j356 translate-hebrewmonths הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ סִיוָ֗ן 1 which is the month of Sivan **Sivan** is the name of the third month of the Hebrew calendar. Alternate translation: “the month of Sivan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
793 EST 8 9 acg1 הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ סִיוָ֗ן 1 which is the month of Sivan The story is being recorded from the perspective of the Persian court, but for the benefit of its intended Jewish audience, the Hebrew name of the month is given. This month overlaps with May and June on a Western calendar.
794 EST 8 9 j4r3 translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֣ה וְ⁠עֶשְׂרִים֮ בּ⁠וֹ֒ 1 on the twenty-third of it Alternation translation: “on day 23” or “on the twenty-third day of the month” The exact date of the letter helps to establish its legal authority. This would be on June 25th of a Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
795 EST 8 9 sz6j figs-activepassive וַ⁠יִּכָּתֵ֣ב כְּֽ⁠כָל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מָרְדֳּכַ֣י 1 And according to all that Mordecai commanded it was written You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “and they wrote in a letter everything that Mordecai dictated to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
796 EST 8 9 acg2 figs-explicit אֶל־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֡ים 1 to the Jews It appears from verse 11 that the letter would have been addressed specifically to the Jews in the empire, telling them that the king had authorized them to defend themselves. But copies were also sent to all the royal and provincial officials. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the letter addressed the Jews in the empire, but copies were also sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) It appears from verse 11 that the letter would have been addressed specifically to the Jews in the empire, telling them that the king had authorized them to defend themselves. But copies were also sent to all the royal and provincial officials. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the letter addressed the Jews in the empire, but copies were also sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
797 EST 8 9 acg3 וְ⁠אֶ֣ל הָ⁠אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִֽים־וְ⁠הַ⁠פַּחוֹת֩ וְ⁠שָׂרֵ֨י הַ⁠מְּדִינ֜וֹת 1 and to the satraps, and the governors and officials of the provinces See how you translated these terms in [3:12](../03/12.md), where they were used to describe who received Haman’s letter. These are all people in government positions. The first one is the governor of the province and the other two are rulers under him who govern cities or smaller areas. If your language uses one term for all of these, you could use that with a descriptive phrase such as “to the government leaders of each province and also to the leaders under him.”
798 EST 8 9 acg4 אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ מֵ⁠הֹ֣דּוּ וְ⁠עַד־כּ֗וּשׁ שֶׁ֣בַע וְ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּ⁠מֵאָה֙ מְדִינָ֔ה 1 that were from India even as far as Ethiopia: 127 provinces This is background information explaining how far this new letter had to be sent. See how you translated this phrase in [1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “the empire of Ahasuerus had 127 provinces, stretching all the way from India in the east to Ethiopia in the west”
799 EST 8 9 zp4q translate-numbers שֶׁ֣בַע וְ⁠עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּ⁠מֵאָה֙ מְדִינָ֔ה 1 127 provinces Alternate translation: “one hundred and twenty-seven provinces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
804 EST 8 9 j5r1 וְ⁠אֶ֨ל־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים כִּ⁠כְתָבָ֖⁠ם וְ⁠כִ⁠לְשׁוֹנָֽ⁠ם 1 and to the Jews according to their writing and according to their tongue The Jews would have been included among all the people groups in the empire in the phrase “people by people.” So this seems to be saying, “and especially to the Jews.” Verse 11 explains that it was particularly important for the Jews to read the letter because it gave them the right to defend themselves. Alternate translation: “they wrote especially to the Jews in their own script and in their own language”
805 EST 8 10 acg5 וַ⁠יִּכְתֹּ֗ב…וַ⁠יַּחְתֹּ֖ם 1 And he wrote … and he sealed **He** refers to Mordecai. You can use his name here If your readers would misunderstand this.
806 EST 8 10 ijp2 figs-metaphor בְּ⁠שֵׁם֙ הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁ 1 in the name of King Ahasuerus Here, **name** is a metaphor meaning authority. Alternate translation: “Mordecai wrote with the authority of King Ahasuerus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
807 EST 8 10 jf31 figs-explicit וַ⁠יַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּ⁠טַבַּ֣עַת הַ⁠מֶּ֑לֶךְ 1 and he sealed with the signet ring of the king This means that Mordecai sealed the letters with this ring. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he sealed the letters with the ring that had the king’s official seal on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) This means that Mordecai sealed the letters with this ring. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he sealed the letters with the ring that had the king’s official seal on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
808 EST 8 10 yt4j figs-metaphor בְּ⁠יַד֩ הָ⁠רָצִ֨ים בַּ⁠סּוּסִ֜ים 1 by the hand of runners on horses As in [3:13](../03/13.md), **hand** could mean two different things. (1) It could literally mean “hand,” meaning that the runners carried the letters in their hands. (2) It could also be a metaphor for power, control, or authority, meaning that runners were the ones who delivered the letters to all the provinces throughout the empire. Alternate translation: “couriers on horseback delivered the letters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
809 EST 8 10 acg6 רֹכְבֵ֤י הָ⁠רֶ֨כֶשׁ֙ הָֽ⁠אֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים בְּנֵ֖י הָֽ⁠רַמָּכִֽים 1 riders of the royal pack horses, sons of the mares Alternate translation: “They rose fast horses that were used in the king’s service. These horses had been bred in the king’s stables.”
810 EST 8 10 p9uc figs-metonymy בְּנֵ֖י הָֽ⁠רַמָּכִֽים 1 sons of the mares Here, **sons** is a metonym meaning the offspring of royal livestock. Alternate translation: “the offspring of the king’s horses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
818 EST 8 12 ach1 בְּ⁠כָל־מְדִינ֖וֹת הַ⁠מֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ 1 in all of the provinces of the king Ahasuerus Alternate translation: “in every province of the kingdom”
819 EST 8 12 j6r3 translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר 1 on the thirteenth Alternate translation: “on day 13” or “on the thirteenth day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
820 EST 8 12 hi2y translate-ordinal לְ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר 1 of the twelfth month Alternate translation: “of month 12” or “of the twelfth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
821 EST 8 12 ach2 figs-explicit לְ⁠חֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר 1 of the twelfth month Implicitly, this means “the twelfth month of that same year.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Implicitly, this means “the twelfth month of that same year.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
822 EST 8 12 j6r4 translate-hebrewmonths הוּא־חֹ֥דֶשׁ אֲדָֽר 1 which is the month of Adar This is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. See how you translated this in [3:07](../03/07.md) and [3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
823 EST 8 13 j6r5 figs-activepassive פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן הַ⁠כְּתָ֗ב לְ⁠הִנָּ֤תֵֽן דָּת֙ 1 was to be given as a law You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the letter told the officials to proclaim this as a law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
824 EST 8 13 j6r7 figs-idiom בְּ⁠כָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּ⁠מְדִינָ֔ה 1 in every province by province This expression means “in each and every province.” Alternate translation: “in every single province” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
832 EST 8 14 j6r9 figs-activepassive וְ⁠הַ⁠דָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה 1 And the law was given You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the king’s officials also posted and read copies of the letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
833 EST 8 15 j7r3 writing-newevent וּ⁠מָרְדֳּכַ֞י יָצָ֣א 1 Then Mordecai went out This introduces a new event in the story. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
834 EST 8 15 j7r5 figs-metonymy מִ⁠לִּ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ 1 from before the face of the king Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of a person. This phrase means that Mordecai had been in the presence of King Ahasuerus and was now leaving in order to fulfill his duties as a high official in the Persian government. Alternate translation: “from the palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
835 EST 8 15 ach9 figs-explicit בִּ⁠לְב֤וּשׁ מַלְכוּת֙ תְּכֵ֣לֶת וָ⁠ח֔וּר וַ⁠עֲטֶ֤רֶת זָהָב֙ גְּדוֹלָ֔ה וְ⁠תַכְרִ֥יךְ בּ֖וּץ וְ⁠אַרְגָּמָ֑ן 1 in a garment of royalty of blue and white, with a great crown of gold and a robe of fine linen and purple The implication is that the king gave Mordecai these special things to wear to show that he was now his highest officer. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. To put these events in chronological order, you can place this information before the report that Mordecai left the king’s presence to fulfill his duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that the king gave Mordecai these special things to wear to show that he was now his highest officer. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. To put these events in chronological order, you could place this information before the report that Mordecai left the king’s presence to fulfill his duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
836 EST 8 15 aci1 בִּ⁠לְב֤וּשׁ מַלְכוּת֙ תְּכֵ֣לֶת 1 a garment of royalty of blue and white Alternate translation: “a blue and white garment that the king had worn”
837 EST 8 15 aci2 וַ⁠עֲטֶ֤רֶת זָהָב֙ גְּדוֹלָ֔ה 1 a great crown of gold Alternate translation: “a large golden crown”
838 EST 8 15 eqc4 figs-metonymy וְ⁠הָ⁠עִ֣יר שׁוּשָׁ֔ן צָהֲלָ֖ה וְ⁠שָׂמֵֽחָה 1 and the city of Susa Here, **the city** represents the people living in it. Alternate translation: “the people of Susa” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
839 EST 8 15 i1ec figs-hendiadys צָהֲלָ֖ה וְ⁠שָׂמֵֽחָה 1 cheered and rejoiced This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with “and.” The word **rejoiced** tells how they cheered. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express the meaning by saying something like “shouted joyfully.” Alternate translation: “cheered and were happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
840 EST 8 15 aci3 figs-explicit צָהֲלָ֖ה וְ⁠שָׂמֵֽחָה 1 cheered and rejoiced The implication is that the people did this when they saw Mordecai. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that the people did this when they saw Mordecai. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
841 EST 8 16 q2ru figs-metaphor הָֽיְתָ֥ה אוֹרָ֖ה 1 there was light Here, **light** figuratively represents happiness. Alternate translation: “the Jews felt happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
842 EST 8 16 aci4 figs-doublet הָֽיְתָ֥ה אוֹרָ֖ה וְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֑ה 1 there was light and joy The terms **light** and **joy** refer to the same thing here. They are used together to emphasize the extreme happiness that the Jews felt. Alternate translation: “the Jews felt very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
843 EST 8 16 j8r1 figs-doublet וְ⁠שָׂשֹׂ֖ן וִ⁠יקָֽר 1 and rejoicing and honor These terms have similar meaning and are used together with the previous doublet to emphasize again the great happiness and joy that the Jews felt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
848 EST 8 17 j8r5 figs-doublet שִׂמְחָ֤ה וְ⁠שָׂשׂוֹן֙ לַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים 1 there was joy and rejoicing for the Jews The terms **joy** and **rejoicing** have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the great happiness and joy that the Jews felt. Alternate translation: “the Jews rejoiced greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
849 EST 8 17 p89m figs-doublet מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 a feast and a good day These two terms mean something similar and are used together to emphasize the great happiness and joy that the Jews felt. Alternate translation: “and had festive celebrations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
850 EST 8 17 aci5 figs-idiom וְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 a good day This expression generally means a day of happiness or celebration. Alternate translation: “and a holiday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
851 EST 8 17 aci6 figs-explicit וְ⁠רַבִּ֞ים מֵֽ⁠עַמֵּ֤י הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ מִֽתְיַהֲדִ֔ים 1 And many from the peoples of the land became Jews The implication is that they did this because they thought that the Jews might attack them when the Jews fought back against their enemies. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that they did this because they thought that the Jews might attack them when the Jews fought back against their enemies. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
852 EST 8 17 aci7 וְ⁠רַבִּ֞ים מֵֽ⁠עַמֵּ֤י הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ מִֽתְיַהֲדִ֔ים 1 And many from the peoples of the land Alternate translation: “many people from the other ethnic groups in the empire”
853 EST 8 17 aci8 figs-idiom מֵֽ⁠עַמֵּ֤י הָ⁠אָ֨רֶץ֙ 1 from the peoples of the land The **peoples of the land** were the non-Jewish people groups within the empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
854 EST 8 17 r3qf figs-metaphor נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֖ים עֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 dread of the Jews had fallen on them Here, **falling** is a metaphor meaning to affect someone. Alternate translation: “they had become very afraid of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
855 EST 8 17 aci9 figs-events נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֖ים עֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 dread of the Jews had fallen upon them To present the events in chronological order, you can say this before saying that the people from the other groups became Jews themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
856 EST 9 intro yty1 0 # Esther 9 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Purim<br><br>The events of this chapter were so significant, the Jews celebrated these events every year after this. It is known as “Purim.”<br><br>## Important stylistic devices in this chapter<br><br>### Ironic Situation<br><br>The day that was supposed to bring great victory to the enemies of the Jews became a day of great victory for the Jews. This is a type of irony.<br><br>### Opening Summary<br><br>Verse 1 of chapter 9 provides a summary of everything that happens in this chapter. If using an opening summary is not normally used in your language, be sure to mark this as a summary either in the text or in a footnote. An opening summary like this is a characteristic device of Hebrew storytelling. So even though it describes the final outcome, we do not recommend that you move it to the end of the chapter unless it is very confusing to leave it here. To make it clear that verse 1 is only a summary and not the entire story, you could say something like this at the end of the verse: “This is what happened” or “Here are more details about what happened.”
857 EST 9 1 j8r7 writing-newevent וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁנֵים֩ עָשָׂ֨ר חֹ֜דֶשׁ 1 Now in the twelfth month This introduces a new event. Use a natural way in your language to indicate a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
858 EST 9 1 acj0 figs-explicit וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁנֵים֩ עָשָׂ֨ר חֹ֜דֶשׁ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֗ר בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 Now in the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, on the thirteenth day of it The implication is that this happened in the twelfth month of the same year that the letters were sent out. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month of that year, the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that this happened in the twelfth month of the same year that the letters were sent out. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month of that year, the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
859 EST 9 1 j8r9 translate-ordinal וּ⁠בִ⁠שְׁנֵים֩ עָשָׂ֨ר חֹ֜דֶשׁ 1 Now in the twelfth month Alternate translation: “now in the twelfth month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
860 EST 9 1 t9yc translate-hebrewmonths הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֗ר 1 which is the month of Adar **Adar** is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. See how you translated this in [3:7](../03/07.md), [3:13](../03/13.md), and [8:12](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
861 EST 9 1 j9r1 translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 on the thirteenth day of it Alternate translation: “on the thirteenth day of the month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
872 EST 9 2 x8s3 figs-metaphor וְ⁠אִישׁ֙ לֹא־עָמַ֣ד לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 But a man did not stand to their face Here, **standing** is a metaphor meaning to defend oneself and to fight back instead of running away from an enemy. Alternate translation: “was able to fight back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
873 EST 9 2 j9r3 figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 to their face Here, **face** figuratively stands for the presence of a person, so here it means “when faced with them.” Alternate translation: “against them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
874 EST 9 2 h7jh figs-metaphor נָפַ֥ל פַּחְדָּ֖⁠ם עַל־כָּל־הָ⁠עַמִּֽים 1 sudden fear of them had fallen on all the peoples Here, **falling** is a metaphor meaning to affect someone. Alternate translation: “all the peoples suddenly became very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
875 EST 9 2 acj7 figs-explicit נָפַ֥ל פַּחְדָּ֖⁠ם עַל־כָּל־הָ⁠עַמִּֽים 1 sudden fear of them had fallen on all the peoples The implication is that as a result, no one helped anyone who attacked the Jews. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that as a result, no one helped anyone who attacked the Jews. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
876 EST 9 3 acj8 שָׂרֵ֨י הַ⁠מְּדִינ֜וֹת וְ⁠הָ⁠אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִ֣ים וְ⁠הַ⁠פַּח֗וֹת 1 the officials of the provinces, and the satraps, and the governors See how you translated these terms in [3:12](../03/12.md) and [8:9](../08/09.md). Alternate translation: “the government leaders in each province”
877 EST 9 3 acj9 וְ⁠עֹשֵׂ֤י הַ⁠מְּלָאכָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 and those doing the work that was for the king Alternate translation: “anyone the king had trusted with his affairs”
878 EST 9 3 ack0 figs-metaphor מְנַשְּׂאִ֖ים אֶת־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֑ים 1 were lifting up the Jews Here, **lifting up** is a figurative way of saying “helping.” The picture is likely of someone helping a tired or injured person to stand or walk by holding them up. Alternate translation: “helped the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
879 EST 9 3 q2ue figs-metaphor נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־מָרְדֳּכַ֖י עֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 dread of Mordecai had fallen on them Here, **falling** is a metaphor meaning to affect someone. Alternate translation: “they were afraid of Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
880 EST 9 4 j9r5 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 For This term introduces the reason why the officials and satraps and governors were becoming afraid of Mordecai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
881 EST 9 4 xd49 figs-explicit גָ֤דוֹל מָרְדֳּכַי֙ בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Mordecai was great in the palace of the king The implication is that this is why all the other officials were afraid of Mordecai. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation, add: “They were afraid of him because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that this is why all the other officials were afraid of Mordecai. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, add: “They were afraid of him because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
882 EST 9 4 ack1 figs-metonymy גָ֤דוֹל מָרְדֳּכַי֙ בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Mordecai was great in the palace of the king **The palace of the king** is a figurative way of describing the king’s administration by referring to the place where it was headquartered. Alternate translation: “was very important in the king’s government” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
883 EST 9 4 ack2 גָ֤דוֹל מָרְדֳּכַי֙ בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית הַ⁠מֶּ֔לֶךְ 1 Mordecai was great **Great** here is the same term that, as a verb, describes promotion within the king’s service in [3:1](../03/01.md) and [5:11](../05/11.md). Alternate translation: “Mordecai was a very important royal official”
884 EST 9 4 mr66 figs-personification וְ⁠שָׁמְע֖⁠וֹ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּ⁠כָל־הַ⁠מְּדִינ֑וֹת 1 and the report of him was going out into all the provinces Here the story speaks of the news of Mordecai’s greatness as if it were a living thing that could travel throughout the empire. Alternate translation: “throughout the empire, everyone was hearing the news of his greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
918 EST 9 13 j43d בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֔ן 1 in Susa Alternate translation: “in the capital city of Susa”
919 EST 9 13 acl4 עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֖ן יִתְל֥וּ 1 let the ten sons of Haman hang The request is not for the king to allow the bodies to be impaled (or hanged), but instead, for the king to order this. Alternate translation: “and have the bodies of Haman’s ten sons hanged [or impaled]”
920 EST 9 13 acl5 translate-symaction עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֖ן יִתְל֥וּ 1 let the ten sons of Haman hang The purpose of this would not be to kill the sons, since they are already dead, but to demonstrate publicly that the enemies of the Jews had been completely defeated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
921 EST 9 13 acl6 figs-explicit עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֖ן יִתְל֥וּ 1 the ten sons of Haman It is implicit that since Haman’s sons are already dead, what Esther is actually asking for is for their bodies to be impaled or hanged. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the bodies of Haman’s ten sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) It is implicit that since Haman’s sons are already dead, what Esther is actually asking for is for their bodies to be impaled or hanged. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the bodies of Haman’s ten sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
922 EST 9 13 nr1p translate-numbers עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי 1 ten sons Alternate translation: “10 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
923 EST 9 13 qyu8 translate-unknown הָ⁠עֵֽץ 1 the tree See how you translated this in [2:23](../02/23.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
924 EST 9 14 acl7 figs-activepassive וַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ לְ⁠הֵֽעָשׂ֣וֹת כֵּ֔ן 1 the king said for this to be done You can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the king granted both of Esther’s requests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
925 EST 9 14 acl8 figs-explicit וַ⁠תִּנָּתֵ֥ן דָּ֖ת בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֑ן 1 And a law was given in Susa This phrase, “in Susa,” seems to indicate that this refers to Esther’s first request. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he issued a decree allowing the Jews in Susa to fight against their enemies again the next day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) This phrase, “in Susa,” seems to indicate that this refers to Esther’s first request. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he issued a decree allowing the Jews in Susa to fight against their enemies again the next day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
926 EST 9 14 j47d figs-activepassive וַ⁠תִּנָּתֵ֥ן דָּ֖ת בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֑ן 1 And a law was given in Susa This can be stated in active form as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
927 EST 9 14 j49d בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֑ן 1 in Susa Alternate translation: “in the capital city of Susa”
928 EST 9 14 acl9 figs-explicit תָּלֽוּ 1 they hanged This was Esther’s second request. You can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “he ordered his servants to hang [or impale] the bodies of Haman’s ten sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
935 EST 9 15 j61d translate-numbers שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ 1 300 men Alternate translation: “three hundred men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
936 EST 9 15 lp12 figs-idiom וּ⁠בַ֨⁠בִּזָּ֔ה לֹ֥א שָׁלְח֖וּ אֶת־יָדָֽ⁠ם 1 they did not stretch out their hand to the plunder Here, the expression **to stretch out a hand** means to take something from another person. Alternate translation: “they did not take the things that belonged to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
937 EST 9 16 j65d figs-metaphor נִקְהֲל֣וּ ׀ וְ⁠עָמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁ֗⁠ם 1 assembled themselves and stood for their lives Here, **standing** is a metaphor meaning to defend oneself and to fight back instead of running away from an enemy. See how you translated this in [8:11](../08/11.md). Alternate translation: “joined together to fight back against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
938 EST 9 16 acm2 figs-explicit נִקְהֲל֣וּ ׀ וְ⁠עָמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁ֗⁠ם 1 assembled themselves It’s implicit here, and stated explicitly in the next verse, that these other Jews fought their enemies only on the thirteenth day. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly here. Alternate translation, add: “on the thirteenth day of the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) It’s implicit here, and stated explicitly in the next verse, that these other Jews fought their enemies only on the thirteenth day. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly here. Alternate translation, add: “on the thirteenth day of the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
939 EST 9 16 acm3 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נ֨וֹחַ֙ מֵ⁠אֹ֣יְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 and they rested from their enemies Here, **resting** is a figurative way of saying that they no longer needed to fight against their enemies because they had won the battle. Alternate translation: “they had no more trouble from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
940 EST 9 16 kms1 וְ⁠הָרֹג֙ בְּ⁠שֹׂ֣נְאֵי⁠הֶ֔ם חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה וְ⁠שִׁבְעִ֖ים אָ֑לֶף 1 they slaughtered 75,000 of those who hated them Alternate translation: “and killed 75,000 of them”
941 EST 9 16 i1d1 translate-numbers חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה וְ⁠שִׁבְעִ֖ים אָ֑לֶף 1 75,000 Alternate translation: “seventy-five thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
948 EST 9 17 acm6 figs-synecdoche מִשְׁתֶּ֥ה 1 feasting This is a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to mean the whole thing. The celebrations must have included more than just eating special meals together, but the story uses those meals to refer to the entire celebrations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
949 EST 9 18 w531 וְהַיְּהוּדִ֣ים אֲשֶׁר־בְּ⁠שׁוּשָׁ֗ן נִקְהֲלוּ֙ 1 But the Jews who were in Susa assembled themselves Alternate translation: “but the Jews who lived in the capital city of Susa”
950 EST 9 18 acm7 figs-explicit נִקְהֲלוּ֙ 1 assembled themselves The implication is that they did this to fight against their enemies. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Jews who lived in Susa joined together to fight against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
951 EST 9 18 acm8 figs-explicit בִּ⁠שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ בּ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠בְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר בּ֑⁠וֹ 1 on the thirteenth of it and on the fourteenth of it If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say which month this is. Alternate translation: “on the thirteenth and fourteenth days of the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say which month this is. Alternate translation: “on the thirteenth and fourteenth days of the month of Adar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
952 EST 9 18 j73d translate-ordinal בִּ⁠שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ בּ֔⁠וֹ 1 on the thirteenth of it Alternate translation: “on day 13” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
953 EST 9 18 j75d translate-ordinal וּ⁠בְ⁠אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר בּ֑⁠וֹ 1 and on the fourteenth of it Alternate translation: “and on day 14” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
954 EST 9 18 acm9 figs-metaphor וְ⁠נ֗וֹחַ בַּ⁠חֲמִשָּׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ בּ֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠עָשֹׂ֣ה אֹת֔⁠וֹ י֖וֹם מִשְׁתֶּ֥ה וְ⁠שִׂמְחָֽה 1 And they rested on the fifteenth of it, and they made it a day of feasting and rejoicing **Resting** is a figurative way of saying that they no longer needed to fight against their enemies because they had won the battle. Alternate translation: “they defeated them, and there was no fighting on the fifteenth day. They devoted that day to joyful celebration” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
956 EST 9 18 j79d figs-hendiadys מִשְׁתֶּ֥ה וְ⁠שִׂמְחָֽה 1 feasting and rejoicing This phrase means the same thing as in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “for feasting joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
957 EST 9 19 j81d grammar-connect-logic-result עַל־כֵּ֞ן 1 Therefore This term introduces the result of the events that were described in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “for that reason” or “that is why” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
958 EST 9 19 acn0 figs-parallelism הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֣ים הַפְּרָזִ֗ים הַ⁠יֹּשְׁבִים֮ בְּ⁠עָרֵ֣י הַ⁠פְּרָזוֹת֒ 1 the Jews, the ones of the open country, the ones who dwell in the cities of the open areas These two phrases mean similar things. They are used together to make the identification of this group clear. The first phrase means that they lived in rural areas. The second phrase means they lived in settlements that did not have walls around them, that is, in villages. You can combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “the Jews who live in villages in the countryside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
959 EST 9 19 acn1 figs-explicit עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙…וְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 make the fourteenth day … and a good day The implication is that this explanation is being offered for the benefit of city-dwelling Jews who might wonder why rural Jews celebrate this holiday on a different day. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say this explicitly. Alternate translation, add: “rather than on the fifteenth day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The implication is that this explanation is being offered for the benefit of city-dwelling Jews who might wonder why rural Jews celebrate this holiday on a different day. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation, add: “rather than on the fifteenth day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
960 EST 9 19 acn2 עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙…וְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 make the fourteenth day … and a good day Alternate translation: “observe this holiday on the fourteenth day”
961 EST 9 19 j83d translate-ordinal י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ 1 the fourteenth day Alternate translation: “the fourteenth day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
962 EST 9 19 j85d translate-hebrewmonths לְ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֔ר 1 of the month of Adar **Adar** is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. See how you translated this in [3:7](../03/07.md), [3:13](../03/13.md), [8:12](../08/12.md), [9:1](../09/01.md), [9:15](../09/15.md) and [9:17](../09/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
976 EST 9 22 acn8 figs-metaphor נָ֨חוּ בָ⁠הֶ֤ם הַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֙ מֵ⁠א֣וֹיְבֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 the Jews rested on them from their enemies As in verses 16, 17, and 18, **resting** here is a figurative way of saying that they no longer needed to fight against their enemies because they had won the battle. Alternate translation: “the Jews stopped fighting because they had defeated their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
977 EST 9 22 acn9 וְ⁠הַ⁠חֹ֗דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר֩ 1 and as the month when Alternate translation: “And that was the month when”
978 EST 9 22 aco1 figs-parallelism נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם מִ⁠יָּגוֹן֙ לְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֔ה וּ⁠מֵ⁠אֵ֖בֶל לְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 it had turned for them from sorrow into joy and from mourning into a good day These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize how dramatic and wonderful the change was. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these phrases and say something like “after being very sad, they became very happy.” Alternate translation: “they changed from being very sorrowful and crying to being very joyful and celebrating” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
979 EST 9 22 aco3 figs-explicit נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם מִ⁠יָּגוֹן֙ לְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֔ה וּ⁠מֵ⁠אֵ֖בֶל לְ⁠י֣וֹם ט֑וֹב 1 it had turned for them from sorrow into joy and from mourning into a good day It is implicit that the Jews were deeply distressed because they were being threatened with destruction, and they became very happy once they were safe from all their enemies. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that here. Alternate translation: “everything had changed for them. They had been deeply distressed because they were threatened with destruction. But they became very happy once they were safe from all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) It is implicit that the Jews were deeply distressed because they were being threatened with destruction, and they became very happy once they were safe from all their enemies. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that here. Alternate translation: “everything had changed for them. They had been deeply distressed because they were threatened with destruction. But they became very happy once they were safe from all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
980 EST 9 22 nch1 figs-metaphor נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם מִ⁠יָּגוֹן֙ לְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֔ה 1 it had turned for them from sorrow into joy **Turning** figuratively represents changing. Alternate translation: “they changed from being very sad to being joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
981 EST 9 22 aco4 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠יָּגוֹן֙ לְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֔ה 1 from sorrow into joy The abstract nouns **sorrow** and **joy** can be expressed with adjectives such as “distressed” and “happy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
982 EST 9 22 j113 figs-explicit לַ⁠עֲשׂ֣וֹת אוֹתָ֗⁠ם יְמֵי֙ 1 in order to make them days of These are things that Mordecai is telling the Jews to do in his letters. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that here. Alternate translation: “so Mordecai told them to observe those days with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) These are things that Mordecai is telling the Jews to do in his letters. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that here. Alternate translation: “so Mordecai told them to observe those days with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
983 EST 9 22 j115 figs-hendiadys מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה וְ⁠שִׂמְחָ֔ה 1 feasting and rejoicing As in verses 17, 18, and 19, this phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with “and.” The word “rejoicing” tells how the celebrating was to be done. Alternate translation: “joyful celebration” or “feasting joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
984 EST 9 22 aco5 וּ⁠מִשְׁל֤וֹחַ מָנוֹת֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְ⁠רֵעֵ֔⁠הוּ 1 and sending of gifts, a man to his friend See how you translated this in verse 19. Review the notes there if that would be helpful. Alternate translation: “and by giving gifts to one another”
985 EST 9 22 j117 figs-idiom אִ֣ישׁ לְ⁠רֵעֵ֔⁠הוּ 1 a man to his friend Here, **a man** means “a person.” The term **friend** would include family members and neighbors as well as social friends. Alternate translation: “to one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
986 EST 9 22 aco6 translate-symaction וּ⁠מַתָּנ֖וֹת לָֽ⁠אֶבְיוֹנִֽים 1 and gifts to the needy In this culture as in many others, helping the poor was also a way of acknowledging a special occasion. The idea was that no one should miss out on the benefits of the wonderful thing that God had done. Alternate translation: “Mordecai also told them that they should help the poor on those days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
987 EST 9 22 z1vl figs-explicit וּ⁠מַתָּנ֖וֹת לָֽ⁠אֶבְיוֹנִֽים 1 This is also something that Mordecai is telling the Jews to do in his letters. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that here. Alternate translation: “Mordecai also told them that they should give gifts to the poor on those days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) This is also something that Mordecai is telling the Jews to do in his letters. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that here. Alternate translation: “Mordecai also told them that they should give gifts to the poor on those days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
988 EST 9 23 aco7 figs-explicit וְ⁠קִבֵּל֙…אֲשֶׁר־כָּתַ֥ב מָרְדֳּכַ֖י אֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 And … accepted … what Mordecai had written to them The implication seems to be that the Jews were glad to do what Mordecai had instructed, because they had already been doing it. You can add a word such as “readily” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
989 EST 9 23 aco8 וְ⁠קִבֵּל֙ 1 And … accepted Alternate translation: “agreed”
990 EST 9 23 ib25 figs-events אֲשֶׁר־הֵחֵ֖לּוּ לַ⁠עֲשׂ֑וֹת 1 what they had begun to do You can put this information first, to present the events in logical and chronological order. Alternate translation: “the Jews were already celebrating those days that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
991 EST 9 24 j119 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי֩ 1 For This introduces the reason for the events previously described. The story will now summarize everything that happened previously. The Jews were to celebrate because they were able to fight back when Haman plotted to destroy all of them. Alternate translation: “they would celebrate these days to remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
992 EST 9 24 kqf6 figs-explicit כִּי֩ 1 If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say here what this reason is explaining. Alternate translation: “they would establish those days as a holiday in order to remember how” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say here what this reason is explaining. Alternate translation: “they would establish those days as a holiday in order to remember how” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
993 EST 9 24 j125 figs-distinguish צֹרֵר֙ כָּל־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים 1 the adversary of all the Jews This phrase gives clarifying information about Haman. Alternate translation: “the enemy of all the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
994 EST 9 24 aco9 חָשַׁ֥ב עַל־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֖ים לְ⁠אַבְּדָ֑⁠ם 1 had plotted concerning the Jews to annihilate them Alternate translation: “had tried to carry out a plan that would destroy the Jews”
995 EST 9 24 xz7s figs-explicit וְ⁠הִפִּ֥יל פּוּר֙ ה֣וּא הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֔ל 1 and he had cast a Pur (which is “the lot”) You can say explicitly why Haman did this. Alternate translation: “he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) to find out what would be the best day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
996 EST 9 24 bcy2 translate-names פּוּר֙ ה֣וּא הַ⁠גּוֹרָ֔ל 1 a Pur (which is “the lot”) As in 3:7, the storyteller is giving both the Persian and the Hebrew name because this is the story behind the Festival of Purim, which takes its name from “Pur.” So this is not repetition for emphasis. You can put in the Persian name and then the name for “lot” in your own language to show that the storyteller is doing this. Alternate translation: “a Pur (that is, a lot)” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
997 EST 9 24 j127 figs-hendiadys לְ⁠הֻמָּ֖⁠ם וּֽ⁠לְ⁠אַבְּדָֽ⁠ם 1 to vex them and to destroy them The terms **vex** and **destroy** mean basically the same thing. They are used together to emphasize the degree to which Haman’s deadly plans were distressing to the Jews. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can combine the terms and express the emphasis with a word like “completely.” Alternate translation: “and completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) The terms **vex** and **destroy** mean basically the same thing. They are used together to emphasize the degree to which Haman’s deadly plans were distressing to the Jews. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine the terms and express the emphasis with a word like “completely.” Alternate translation: “and completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
998 EST 9 25 m8x3 figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠בֹאָ⁠הּ֮ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּלֶךְ֒ 1 But when she came before the face of the king In this summary, many details are communicated implicitly. **She** means Esther. Also, this verse continues the account of what this celebration is commemorating. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can make these things explicit. Alternate translation: “the celebration also commemorated how Esther dared to come into the king’s presence without being summoned, and she won his favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) In this summary, many details are communicated implicitly. **She** means Esther. Also, this verse continues the account of what this celebration is commemorating. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could make these things explicit. Alternate translation: “the celebration also commemorated how Esther dared to come into the king’s presence without being summoned, and she won his favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
999 EST 9 25 j128 figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הַ⁠מֶּלֶךְ֒ 1 before the face of the king Here, **face** is a metonym meaning the presence of a person. This phrase means that Esther came into the king’s presence. Alternate translation: “into the king’s presence” or “before the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1000 EST 9 25 acp1 figs-explicit אָמַ֣ר עִם־הַ⁠סֵּ֔פֶר 1 he said with the letter Once again, there is much information that is implicit here. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can make it explicit. Alternate translation: “the king gave Mordecai the authority to send a letter throughout the empire saying that the Jews could defend themselves against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Once again, there is much information that is implicit here. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could make it explicit. Alternate translation: “the king gave Mordecai the authority to send a letter throughout the empire saying that the Jews could defend themselves against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1001 EST 9 25 y57b figs-idiom יָשׁ֞וּב מַחֲשַׁבְתּ֧⁠וֹ הָ⁠רָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־חָשַׁ֥ב עַל־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֖ים עַל־רֹאשׁ֑⁠וֹ 1 Let his evil plot that he plotted concerning the Jews return on his head **His**, **he**, and **him** in this sentence refer to Haman. **Return on his head** is an idiom that means that what a person was planning to do to someone else happened to that person instead. Use an idiom with that meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “the wicked plan that Haman developed against the Jews will be done to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1002 EST 9 25 acp2 figs-personification וְ⁠תָל֥וּ אֹת֛⁠וֹ וְ⁠אֶת־בָּנָ֖י⁠ו עַל־הָ⁠עֵֽץ 1 and let them hang him and his sons on the tree The letter itself did not say this. The story is summarizing the events in compressed form. It is speaking of the letter as if it were a person who could take action and give commands like this, but it was the king who gave the command. Alternate translation: “the king also ordered his servants to hang [or impale] Haman on a wooden pole [or hang Haman on a gallows]. When the Jews in Susa killed his ten sons, the king had their bodies hanged [or impaled] as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1003 EST 9 25 j129 translate-unknown הָ⁠עֵֽץ 1 the tree See how you translated this in [2:23](../02/23.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1008 EST 9 26 yq8m figs-explicit שֵׁ֣ם הַ⁠פּ֔וּר 1 the name of Pur. It can be stated clearly what “Pur” means. Alternate translation: “the word Pur, which means ‘lot’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1009 EST 9 26 j133 grammar-connect-logic-result עַל־כֵּ֕ן 1 Therefore The story has just given the reason why the holiday is called Purim. Now it is going to give another reason. It will be explaining why the Jews added this holiday to their calendar, in addition to the festivals that were commanded in the Law of Moses. The next verse describes them adding the holiday. This verse gives the reasons why they did that. Alternate translation: “because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1010 EST 9 26 acp4 עַל־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הָ⁠אִגֶּ֣רֶת הַ⁠זֹּ֑את 1 on account of all the words of this letter This is a reference to the letter that Mordecai wrote, as described in verses 20–22. Alternate translation: “because Mordecai wrote to them to tell them to observe this holiday”
1011 EST 9 26 acp5 figs-parallelism וּ⁠מָֽה־רָא֣וּ עַל־כָּ֔כָה וּ⁠מָ֥ה הִגִּ֖יעַ אֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 and what they had seen concerning this and what had come upon them These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize what a vivid experience it was to live through the events that this story describes. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can combine the phrases and express the emphasis with a word like “amazing.” Alternate translation: “the amazing things that had happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize what a vivid experience it was to live through the events that this story describes. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine the phrases and express the emphasis with a word like “amazing.” Alternate translation: “the amazing things that had happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1012 EST 9 26 acp6 figs-explicit וּ⁠מָֽה־רָא֣וּ עַל־כָּ֔כָה וּ⁠מָ֥ה הִגִּ֖יעַ אֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 and what they had seen concerning this and what had come upon them These phrases say generally “this” and “what,” but they are referring to the specific events the story has related. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can describe these things specifically. Alternate translation: “because the Jews had been able to destroy the enemies who had wanted to destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) These phrases say generally “this” and “what,” but they are referring to the specific events the story has related. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could describe these things specifically. Alternate translation: “because the Jews had been able to destroy the enemies who had wanted to destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1013 EST 9 26 acp7 figs-events וּ⁠מָֽה־רָא֣וּ עַל־כָּ֔כָה וּ⁠מָ֥ה הִגִּ֖יעַ אֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 and what they had seen concerning this and what had come upon them You can put this first, before the information about Mordecai’s letter, because it happened first. You can say “then” when you tell about the letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1014 EST 9 26 j135 figs-idiom וּ⁠מָ֥ה הִגִּ֖יעַ אֲלֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 and what had come upon them This expression means “what had happened to them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1015 EST 9 27 acp8 קִיְּמ֣וּ וְקִבְּל֣וּ הַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֩ ׀ עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֨ם ׀ וְ⁠עַל־זַרְעָ֜⁠ם וְ⁠עַ֨ל כָּל־הַ⁠נִּלְוִ֤ים עֲלֵי⁠הֶם֙…לִ⁠הְי֣וֹת עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֣ת שְׁנֵ֤י הַ⁠יָּמִים֙ הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה 1 The Jews set up and accepted for themselves, and for their seed, and for all those who unite themselves to them … to be making these two days Alternate translation: “the Jews said that they would tell their descendants and those people who became Jews to be certain to celebrate this festival”
1016 EST 9 27 acp9 figs-doublet קִיְּמ֣וּ וְקִבְּל֣וּ הַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֩ 1 The Jews set up and accepted “Set up” and “accepted” mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used to emphasize that the Jews definitely agreed to do this. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine these words. Alternate translation: “agreed to establish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1017 EST 9 27 j137 figs-metaphor וְ⁠עַל־זַרְעָ֜⁠ם 1 and for their seed As in [6:13](../06/13.md), **seed** is a metaphor meaning “offspring.” Alternate translation: “and for their descendants” or “and for their offspring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1018 EST 9 27 j141 figs-idiom וְ⁠לֹ֣א יַעֲב֔וֹר 1 and it will not pass away This expression means that the Jews would never stop celebrating the feast of Purim every year. You can put this last since it applies to the whole verse. Alternate translation: “always” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) This expression means that the Jews would never stop celebrating the feast of Purim every year. you could put this last since it applies to the whole verse. Alternate translation: “always” or “forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1019 EST 9 27 acq0 figs-events לִ⁠הְי֣וֹת עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֣ת שְׁנֵ֤י הַ⁠יָּמִים֙ הָ⁠אֵ֔לֶּה 1 to be making these two days To present things in chronological order, you can put this before the reference to Jewish descendants and converts to Judaism. Alternate translation: “to establish those two days as holidays and to observe them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1020 EST 9 27 acq1 כִּ⁠כְתָבָ֖⁠ם 1 according to their writing Alternate translation: “in the way that Mordecai had told them to do in the letter”
1021 EST 9 27 acq2 וְ⁠כִ⁠זְמַנָּ֑⁠ם 1 and according to their appointed time This means the fourteenth and fifteenth days of the month of Adar, as specified in [9:21](../09/21.md). Alternate translation: “on those exact days of the month of Adar”
1029 EST 9 28 j149 figs-idiom מְדִינָ֥ה וּ⁠מְדִינָ֖ה 1 province by province This expression means “every province.” Alternate translation: “in every single province” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1030 EST 9 28 j151 figs-idiom וְ⁠עִ֣יר וָ⁠עִ֑יר 1 and city by city This expression means “every city.” Alternate translation: “in every single city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1031 EST 9 28 acq6 figs-doublenegatives וִ⁠ימֵ֞י הַ⁠פּוּרִ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֗לֶּה לֹ֤א יַֽעַבְרוּ֙ מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים וְ⁠זִכְרָ֖⁠ם לֹא־יָס֥וּף מִ⁠זַּרְעָֽ⁠ם 1 these days of Purim will not pass away As in verse 27, this expression means that the Jews will never stop celebrating the feast of Purim. You can say this positively. Alternate translation: “will always observe the Festival of Purim faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1032 EST 9 28 m5o8 figs-parallelism וִ⁠ימֵ֞י הַ⁠פּוּרִ֣ים הָ⁠אֵ֗לֶּה לֹ֤א יַֽעַבְרוּ֙ מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים וְ⁠זִכְרָ֖⁠ם לֹא־יָס֥וּף מִ⁠זַּרְעָֽ⁠ם 1 These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize that the Jews will definitely not stop celebrating Purim each year. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can combine the phrases and express the emphasis with a word like “definitely” or “certainly” or “always.” Alternate translation: “the Jews and their descendants will certainly always continue to celebrate this festival of Purim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) These two phrases mean similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize that the Jews will definitely not stop celebrating Purim each year. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could combine the phrases and express the emphasis with a word like “definitely” or “certainly” or “always.” Alternate translation: “the Jews and their descendants will certainly always continue to celebrate this festival of Purim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1033 EST 9 28 acq7 מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֔ים 1 from the midst of the Jews Alternate translation: “within the Jewish community”
1034 EST 9 28 i2qk וְ⁠זִכְרָ֖⁠ם לֹא־יָס֥וּף 1 and their remembrance will not come to an end Alternate translation: “will always observe”
1035 EST 9 28 j155 figs-metaphor מִ⁠זַּרְעָֽ⁠ם 1 from their seed As in verse 27, **seed** is a metaphor meaning “offspring.” Alternate translation: “and for their descendants” or “and for their offspring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1054 EST 10 1 j157 writing-newevent וַ⁠יָּשֶׂם֩ הַ⁠מֶּ֨לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֧וֹשׁ 1 Then the king Ahasuerus set This introduces a new event in the story. Use a natural way to introduce a new event in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1055 EST 10 1 b5ht וַ⁠יָּשֶׂם֩…מַ֛ס 1 Then … set a tribute Alternate translation: “Then … levied a tax”
1056 EST 10 1 acr8 figs-merism עַל־הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ וְ⁠אִיֵּ֥י הַ⁠יָּֽם 1 on the land and the islands of the sea The purpose of this chapter is to describe the greatness of Mordecai. It does that by showing that he was second in command to a very powerful emperor. Referring to both the land and the sea is a way to include everything that lives in a very large area of the earth. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could express the general meaning by saying something like “everyone throughout his empire.” Alternate translation: “on all the people in the empire … even the people who lived on the islands in the Mediterranean Sea” or “on everyone throughout the land and even the far-away islands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1057 EST 10 1 twn8 figs-explicit וְ⁠אִיֵּ֥י הַ⁠יָּֽם 1 The phrase **the islands of the sea** likely refers to the fact that the Persian kings had conquered territories reaching all the way to the Mediterranean Sea. If your readers would misunderstand this, you can say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “which reached all the way to the Mediterranean Sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The phrase **the islands of the sea** likely refers to the fact that the Persian kings had conquered territories reaching all the way to the Mediterranean Sea. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “which reached all the way to the Mediterranean Sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1058 EST 10 1 acr9 figs-metonymy עַל־הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ וְ⁠אִיֵּ֥י הַ⁠יָּֽם 1 on the land and the islands of the sea These geographic features were not expected to pay the tax. The land and coastlands represent the people living there. The story is describing those people figuratively by reference to something associated with them, the places where they live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1059 EST 10 2 acs1 figs-doublet וְ⁠כָל־מַעֲשֵׂ֤ה תָקְפּ⁠וֹ֙ וּ⁠גְב֣וּרָת֔⁠וֹ 1 And all the deeds of his power and his might **Power** and **might** mean essentially the same thing. They are used together to emphasize how powerful King Ahasuerus was. If it is more natural in your language, you can use one word with that meaning, with another word that gives it emphasis. Alternate translation: “all that he achieved because of how very powerful he was” or “all the great things that he did because of his great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1060 EST 10 2 p98n figs-abstractnouns תָקְפּ⁠וֹ֙ וּ⁠גְב֣וּרָת֔⁠וֹ 1 his power and his might The abstract nouns **power** and **might** can be translated with an adjective. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

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@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ JOB 6 10 ji9n 0 that I have not denied the words of the Holy One This can be w
JOB 6 11 b1ue figs-rquestion 0 What is my strength, that I should try to wait? What is my end, that I should prolong my life? Job poses these questions to emphasize that he has no reason to continue living. These questions have the same meaning. They may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “I do not have enough strength to go on living; I have no reason to prolong my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 6 12 vp49 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: The writer uses parallel rhetorical questions in each of these verses to emphasize Job’s lack of strength to endure suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 6 12 n69y figs-rquestion 0 Is my strength the strength of stones? Or is my flesh made of bronze? Job describes the weakness of his body by saying that he is not as strong as rocks and bronze to emphasize his lack of strength. These rhetorical questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “I am not as strong as the rocks. My flesh is not as strong as metal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 6 13 lg48 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not true that I have no help in myself … me? Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his lack of wisdom and his weakness. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Also, the phrase “no help in myself” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is true that I have no strength left … me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 6 13 lg48 figs-rquestion 0 Is it not true that I have no help in myself … me? Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his lack of wisdom and his weakness. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Also, the phrase “no help in myself” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is true that I have no strength left … me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 6 13 h5wf figs-activepassive 0 wisdom has been driven out of me “my success has been taken from me.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my wisdom is gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 6 14 e6e6 figs-activepassive 0 To the person who is about to faint, faithfulness should be shown by his friend If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A friend should be faithful to the person who feels he is about to faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 6 14 s4yi figs-metaphor 0 who is about to faint This speaks of a person who feels hopeless and is overwhelmed by his troubles as if he were about to physically faint. Alternate translation: “who feels hopeless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ JOB 6 23 z65f 0 Ransom me Alternate translation: “Rescue me”
JOB 6 24 t8mf figs-you 0 Teach me … make me These verbs “teach” and “make” are second person plural and are spoken to his friends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB 6 24 jg8f figs-idiom 0 I will hold my peace This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will be silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 6 25 ukw2 0 How painful are truthful words! But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me? The exact meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate “How painful” as “How pleasant.” Alternate translation: “When a person speaks the truth, it harms no one. But your arguments are not true, so how do they actually rebuke me?”
JOB 6 25 bt6s figs-rquestion 0 But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me? Job is using this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that what they are saying does not apply to him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your reasons for rebuking me do not apply to me even though you sternly correct me.” or “But your arguments against me are not true, so they do not actually rebuke me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 6 25 bt6s figs-rquestion 0 But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me? Job is using this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that what they are saying does not apply to him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your reasons for rebuking me do not apply to me even though you sternly correct me.” or “But your arguments against me are not true, so they do not actually rebuke me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 6 25 rrn5 0 your arguments Alternate translation: “your reasons” or “your claims”
JOB 6 26 l7bp figs-rquestion 0 Do you plan to ignore my words, treating the words of a desperate man like the wind? Job uses this rhetorical question to scold his friends. He compares his words to the wind to explain that his friends act like his words are empty and useless. Alternate translation: “You ignore my words! I am a desperate man, and you treat my words as if they are as useless as the wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 6 26 zm1w figs-you 0 Do you “You” is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -343,9 +343,9 @@ JOB 6 28 q6v3 figs-synecdoche 0 I would not lie to your face The word “your
JOB 6 29 c7zi 0 Relent, I beg you Alternate translation: “Please be merciful to me” or “Stop speaking like this, I beg you”
JOB 6 29 fcq7 figs-doublenegatives 0 let there be no injustice with you This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “treat me fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JOB 6 29 hka9 0 Indeed, relent Alternate translation: “Please relent.”
JOB 6 30 km3f figs-rquestion 0 Is there evil on my tongue? “Do I say wicked things?” Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he is not wicked. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not say wicked things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 6 30 km3f figs-rquestion 0 Is there evil on my tongue? “Do I say wicked things?” Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he is not wicked. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not say wicked things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 6 30 z316 figs-metonymy 0 on my tongue Here Job’s speech is represented by his “tongue.” Alternate translation: “in my speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 6 30 f1ga figs-rquestion 0 Cannot my mouth detect malicious things? Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he can tell the difference between right and wrong. Here Job refers to himself by his “mouth” to emphasize his speech. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know what is right to say and what is wrong to say.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 6 30 f1ga figs-rquestion 0 Cannot my mouth detect malicious things? Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he can tell the difference between right and wrong. Here Job refers to himself by his “mouth” to emphasize his speech. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know what is right to say and what is wrong to say.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 7 intro y5ka 0 # Job 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 1 nz5u figs-rquestion 0 Does not man have hard labor on earth? Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people experience hard work. It can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “There is hard labor for every person on earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 1 a1c6 figs-hyperbole 0 on earth This is a generalization that means for the time people are living on the earth. Alternate translation: “while he lives on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ JOB 7 11 ed6a figs-parallelism 0 I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I wi
JOB 7 11 q76q figs-metonymy 0 I will not restrain my mouth Here the mouth represents speech. Alternate translation: “I will not restrain my speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 7 11 v8zz figs-abstractnouns 0 in the anguish of my spirit “in the distress of my spirit” or “in the torment of my suffering.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anguish**, you could express the same idea with the adverb “distress.” Alternate translation: “while my spirit is distressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 7 11 ti81 figs-metaphor 0 in the bitterness of my soul Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and “soul” refers to the whole man. Alternate translation: “with anger and resentment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 7 12 qy6r figs-rquestion 0 Am I the sea or a sea monster that you place a guard over me? Job poses this question to express his anger at God. In comparing himself to the sea or a sea monster, Job suggests that God regards him as a hideous creature. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not the sea or a sea monster that needs a guard to watch it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 7 12 qy6r figs-rquestion 0 Am I the sea or a sea monster that you place a guard over me? Job poses this question to express his anger at God. In comparing himself to the sea or a sea monster, Job suggests that God regards him as a hideous creature. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not the sea or a sea monster that needs a guard to watch it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 7 13 v7e8 figs-metonymy 0 My bed will comfort me, and my couch will ease my complaint Here “bed” and “couch” are metonyms for “sleep.” In lying down to sleep, Job would hope to be comforted. The metonyms also have human attributes; they have the ability to comfort and ease a person. Alternate translation: “My bed, my couch, will be like someone who can comfort me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 7 13 d3uy 0 My bed … my couch These phrases refer to the same thing. Alternate translation: “My bed … my bed”
JOB 7 14 pf6s 0 you scare me “you” here refers to God
@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ JOB 7 16 eu9h 0 to always be alive Alternate translation: “to live forever
JOB 7 16 yp5g 0 my days are useless Alternate translation: “my days are pointless” or “the days of my life are empty”
JOB 7 17 awx9 figs-rquestion 0 Job asks a rhetorical question to say that he does not understand why God should pay attention to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 17 w1ri figs-metonymy 0 set your mind on him Here the mind represents thoughts and attention. To “set your mind on” means to give attention to. Alternate translation: “direct your attention to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 7 18 s64b figs-rquestion 0 that you should observe … every moment? This is the end of the rhetorical question that Job begins asking with the words “What is man that” in verse 17. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “Tell me what man is that … mind on him, that you should observe … every moment.” or “I do not understand what man is that … mind on him, that you should observe … every moment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 18 s64b figs-rquestion 0 that you should observe … every moment? This is the end of the rhetorical question that Job begins asking with the words “What is man that” in verse 17. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. “Tell me what man is that … mind on him, that you should observe … every moment.” or “I do not understand what man is that … mind on him, that you should observe … every moment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 18 cdq5 0 observe him Alternate translation: “carefully examine him”
JOB 7 19 eb8v figs-parallelism 0 How long will it be … swallow down my own saliva? Here Job conveys a single idea using two different rhetorical questions to emphasize his wish that God would stop watching him. Alternate translation: “Look away from me! Leave me alone long enough for me to swallow my own saliva!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 7 19 ts1s 0 saliva liquid produced in people’s mouths that keeps the mouth moist and helps to swallow food
@ -405,8 +405,8 @@ JOB 8 intro md4v 0 # Job 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<b
JOB 8 1 emj8 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Verses 2 and 3 each consist of two different questions that have the same meaning. Bildad uses these questions to rebuke Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 8 1 xwz1 0 Connecting Statement: In this chapter, Bildad begins to speak about Job’s complaints.
JOB 8 1 y8y8 translate-names 0 Then Bildad the Shuhite answered “Bildad” is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB 8 2 gg55 figs-metaphor 0 How long will the words of your mouth be a mighty wind? Bildad speaks of Job’s words as if they are as empty and insubstantial as the wind. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The words of your mouth are as insignificant as a mighty wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 8 3 x959 figs-rquestion 0 Does God pervert justice? Does the Almighty pervert righteousness? Here “God” and “the Almighty” both refer to Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you can express them as statements. Alternate translation: “God does not pervert justice; the Almighty does not pervert righteousness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 8 2 gg55 figs-metaphor 0 How long will the words of your mouth be a mighty wind? Bildad speaks of Job’s words as if they are as empty and insubstantial as the wind. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The words of your mouth are as insignificant as a mighty wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 8 3 x959 figs-rquestion 0 Does God pervert justice? Does the Almighty pervert righteousness? Here “God” and “the Almighty” both refer to Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you could express them as statements. Alternate translation: “God does not pervert justice; the Almighty does not pervert righteousness.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 8 3 p2fp 0 pervert justice?…pervert righteousness? Alternate translation: “approve of and do what is not just?…approve of and do what is not righteous?”
JOB 8 4 icy5 figs-metonymy 0 for he gave them into the hand of their sins Here “hand” represents the power or results of sin. Bildad implies that God killed Job’s children because of their sin. Alternate translation: “for God caused the consequences of your children’s sins to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 8 5 lpy9 figs-hypo 0 But suppose you diligently sought God and presented your request to the Almighty Bildad is saying what would have happened if Job had correctly spoken to God, but Bildad does not believe that Job really did this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ JOB 10 18 n2ql figs-metaphor 0 given up my spirit Giving up one’s spirit repr
JOB 10 18 s56b figs-synecdoche 0 and that no eye had ever seen me Job uses “eye” here to refer to the whole person. He wishes he could have died at birth, before anyone saw him. Alternate translation: “before any person had ever seen me” or “before I was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 10 19 bzd2 0 I had never existed Alternate translation: “I had never lived”
JOB 10 19 uc37 0 I would have been carried Alternate translation: “My body would have been carried”
JOB 10 20 yd2g figs-rquestion 0 Are not my days only a few? Here “my days” represent the length of Job’s life. This question expects a positive answer, to emphasize that Job only expects to live a few more days. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I only have a few days left to live.” or “My life will soon end.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 10 20 yd2g figs-rquestion 0 Are not my days only a few? Here “my days” represent the length of Job’s life. This question expects a positive answer, to emphasize that Job only expects to live a few more days. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I only have a few days left to live.” or “My life will soon end.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 10 21 f7d8 figs-metaphor 0 the land Here the place where the spirits of dead people go is spoken of as if it was a land. Alternate translation: “the place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 10 21 i9h6 figs-doublet 0 of darkness and of the shadow of death The phrase “shadow of death” intensifies the idea of “darkness.” Both phrases describe where the spirits of dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOB 10 21 zq3v 0 the shadow of death See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](../03/05.md).
@ -824,10 +824,10 @@ JOB 14 20 lq7f figs-metaphor 0 send him away to die This represents causing him
JOB 14 21 m7cw figs-metaphor 0 if they are brought low Being brought low represents being shamed. Alternate translation: “if they are disgraced” or “if people shame them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 15 intro p4sy 0 # Job 15 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eliphaz’s advice<br>Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 1 v5mb translate-names 0 Eliphaz the Temanite This is the name of a man. People from Teman are known as Temanites. See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOB 15 2 mw8h figs-rquestion 0 Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge and fill himself with the east wind? Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A wise man should not answer with useless knowledge nor fill himself with the east wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 2 mw8h figs-rquestion 0 Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge and fill himself with the east wind? Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A wise man should not answer with useless knowledge nor fill himself with the east wind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 2 hd46 figs-metaphor 0 fill himself with the east wind The wind represents emptiness. This phrase speaks of a person speaking empty and meaningless words as if that person were full of the wind. Alternate translation: “fill himself with empty words” or “only have meaningless words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 15 2 h768 0 the east wind Alternate translation: “hot air” or “the desert wind”
JOB 15 3 mka2 figs-rquestion 0 Should he reason with unprofitable talk or with speeches with which he can do no good? Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good.” or “He should not argue using unprofitable talk or make speeches that accomplish nothing good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 3 mka2 figs-rquestion 0 Should he reason with unprofitable talk or with speeches with which he can do no good? Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good.” or “He should not argue using unprofitable talk or make speeches that accomplish nothing good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 4 kfj8 0 you diminish respect for God This could mean: (1) “because of what you say and do, other people no longer respect God” or (2) “you are no longer respecting God.”
JOB 15 4 k1xg 0 diminish make smaller
JOB 15 4 fz3c 0 you obstruct devotion to him This could mean: (1) “you make it difficult for others to devote themselves to God” or (2) “you are no longer devoting yourself to God.”
@ -844,20 +844,20 @@ JOB 15 7 dpx3 figs-rquestion 0 Are you the first man that was born? The implici
JOB 15 7 a7jq figs-rquestion 0 Were you brought into existence before the hills? The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You were not brought into existence before the hills.” or “God did not bring you into existence before he brought the hills into existence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 7 v4jt figs-activepassive 0 Were you brought If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Did God bring you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 15 8 s4d8 figs-rquestion 0 Have you heard the secret knowledge of God? The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not heard the secret knowledge of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 8 z3rg figs-rquestion 0 Do you limit wisdom to yourself? This rhetorical question emphasizes that he cannot limit wisdom to himself. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot limit wisdom to yourself.” or “You are not the only wise person.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 9 afn9 figs-rquestion 0 What do you know that we do not know? The implicit answer here is “nothing.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that you know that we do not know.” or “Everything you know, we also know.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 8 z3rg figs-rquestion 0 Do you limit wisdom to yourself? This rhetorical question emphasizes that he cannot limit wisdom to himself. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot limit wisdom to yourself.” or “You are not the only wise person.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 9 afn9 figs-rquestion 0 What do you know that we do not know? The implicit answer here is “nothing.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that you know that we do not know.” or “Everything you know, we also know.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 9 dt5n figs-rquestion 0 What do you understand that is not also in us? This speaks of the men having understanding as if it were something “inside” them. Alternate translation: “Everything you understand, we also understand.” or “We understand everything that you understand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 10 e1wm figs-metaphor 0 With us are both the gray-headed and the very aged men Eliphaz speaks of him and the other men having learned wisdom from older men and wisdom that had been passed down from men of previous generations as if these older men were physically present with them. Alternate translation: “We acquired wisdom from old gray-haired people, from people who were born before your father was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 15 11 w8rr 0 Are the consolations of God … gentle toward you? This rhetorical question is an accusation, with the implicit answer to the question being “yes.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must think that the consolations of God are too small for you, the words that are gentle toward you”
JOB 15 11 w8rr 0 Are the consolations of God … gentle toward you? This rhetorical question is an accusation, with the implicit answer to the question being “yes.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must think that the consolations of God are too small for you, the words that are gentle toward you”
JOB 15 11 lg22 0 consolations Alternate translation: “comforts” or “sympathies”
JOB 15 12 bbd3 figs-metonymy 0 Why does your heart carry you away? Here the “heart” represents a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “Why do your emotions take you away?” or “Why do you allow your emotions to guide your decisions?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 15 12 c87r figs-explicit 0 Why do your eyes flash This probably refers to Job appearing angry, specifically the appearance of his eyes. Alternate translation: “Why do your eyes look angry” or “Why are you angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 15 13 q3sz figs-synecdoche 0 turn your spirit Here the “spirit” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “turn yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 15 13 v2f5 figs-explicit 0 bring out such words from your mouth This describes him speaking. Alternate translation: “so you say harsh things against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 15 14 ha68 figs-parallelism 0 What is man … What is he who is born These two questions are basically the same and are used together to emphasize that a man cannot be perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 15 14 n6c7 figs-rquestion 0 What is man that he should be clean? This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely “clean.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man, he cannot be completely clean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 14 n6c7 figs-rquestion 0 What is man that he should be clean? This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely “clean.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man, he cannot be completely clean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 14 u6tx figs-metaphor 0 clean A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 15 14 z1zl figs-rquestion 0 What is he who is born of a woman that he should be righteous? This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely “righteous.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man who is born from a woman cannot be completely righteous.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 14 z1zl figs-rquestion 0 What is he who is born of a woman that he should be righteous? This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely “righteous.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man who is born from a woman cannot be completely righteous.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 15 15 iv3b 0 See This word is used here to draw Job’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JOB 15 15 h358 0 his holy ones Alternate translation: “his angels”
JOB 15 15 pd53 figs-metaphor 0 clean Something that God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -905,8 +905,8 @@ JOB 15 35 x22k figs-parallelism 0 They conceive mischief and give birth to iniq
JOB 15 35 u7sb figs-synecdoche 0 their womb conceives Here the “womb” is used to refer to the person to emphasize conception, as it is in the womb that conception takes place. Alternate translation: “they conceive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 16 intro j3zc 0 # Job 16 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s response<br>Job expresses shock and disgust at the advice Eliphaz gives to him. He even mocks Eliphaz. He describes the difficulties of his circumstances but never curses Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>### Advocate<br>Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
JOB 16 2 t7wj 0 you are all miserable comforters Alternate translation: “instead of comforting me, you all make me more miserable”
JOB 16 3 p7ga figs-rquestion 0 Will useless words ever have an end? Job uses this rhetorical question to express that he wishes that they would stop speaking useless words. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “How I wish your useless words would end!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 16 3 g4tp figs-rquestion 0 What is wrong with you that you answer like this? Job uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Eliphaz. Here the word “you” is singular and refers to Eliphaz, who just finished speaking to Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Eliphaz, you should stop answering me like this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 16 3 p7ga figs-rquestion 0 Will useless words ever have an end? Job uses this rhetorical question to express that he wishes that they would stop speaking useless words. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “How I wish your useless words would end!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 16 3 g4tp figs-rquestion 0 What is wrong with you that you answer like this? Job uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Eliphaz. Here the word “you” is singular and refers to Eliphaz, who just finished speaking to Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Eliphaz, you should stop answering me like this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 16 4 mg21 figs-metaphor 0 I could collect and join words together Job speaks of thinking of useless things to say as if his words were random items that he collected and joined together. Alternate translation: “I could think of things to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 16 4 bv7s translate-symaction 0 shake my head This is an action that shows disapproval. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOB 16 4 x2nq figs-abstractnouns 0 in mockery The word “mockery” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “to mock you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ JOB 16 5 qj4h figs-metonymy 0 with my mouth Here Job’s “mouth” represents
JOB 16 5 yyv5 figs-metonymy 0 the quivering of my lips This is a metonym for the words or message that he speaks. Alternate translation: “my comforting words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 16 5 i21i figs-metaphor 0 will bring you relief This speaks of grief as if it were a heavy physical burden. Alternate translation: “will lessen your grief” or “will help you feel less grief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 16 6 vjz7 0 grief Job has experienced great loss of family and health that is unexplained and therefore causes him “great sorrow and emotional pain.”
JOB 16 6 s8sf figs-rquestion 0 how am I helped? Job uses this rhetorical question to express that keeping quiet does not lessen his grief. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “it does not help me at all.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 16 6 s8sf figs-rquestion 0 how am I helped? Job uses this rhetorical question to express that keeping quiet does not lessen his grief. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “it does not help me at all.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 16 7 t7qh 0 But now, God, you Job now turns his complaining to God.
JOB 16 7 mrz6 0 made all my family desolate Alternate translation: “destroyed all my family”
JOB 16 8 z1f4 figs-explicit 0 You have made me dry up This means that Job’s body has shriveled and become wrinkled. Alternate translation: “You have made my body shrivel up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ JOB 17 2 jf81 0 Surely Alternate translation: “Certainly” or “There is n
JOB 17 2 wp1h figs-synecdoche 0 my eye must always see Job refers to himself by his “eyes” to emphasize what he sees. Alternate translation: “I must always see” or “I must always hear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 17 2 wr6q figs-abstractnouns 0 their provocation “their insults.” The word “provocation” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “them provoking me” or “them, trying to make me angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 17 3 fwk5 figs-metaphor 0 Give now a pledge, be a guarantee for me with yourself Job begins to speak to God. Here he speaks of his situation as if he were in prison. He is asking God to provide a pledge so that he may be released. Alternate translation: “God, give now a pledge so that I may be released from this prison” or “pay for my release from prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 17 3 l8dv figs-rquestion 0 who else is there who will help me? Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one else to help him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is no one else who will help me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 17 3 l8dv figs-rquestion 0 who else is there who will help me? Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one else to help him. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is no one else who will help me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 17 4 fbr7 figs-synecdoche 0 have kept their hearts The word “their” refers to his friends. They are referred to by their “hearts” to emphasize their emotions. Alternate translation: “have kept them” or “have kept my friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 17 4 y4ne 0 you will not exalt them over me Alternate translation: “you will not allow them to triumph over me”
JOB 17 5 yxa4 0 He who Alternate translation: “Anyone who”
@ -994,8 +994,8 @@ JOB 17 14 uwb3 figs-metaphor 0 You are my father Job speaks of the closeness he
JOB 17 14 nrr3 0 the worm “the maggot.” Worms are the small creatures that eat dead bodies.
JOB 17 14 e6lb figs-metaphor 0 You are my mother or my sister Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with the worms in his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his mother and sisters. Alternate translation: “You are as close to me as my mother or my sister” or “You will be as close to me as a mother or sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 17 15 zb7d figs-rquestion 0 where then is my hope? The implicit answer is “nowhere,” because he has no hope. This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have no hope.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 17 15 g6bv figs-rquestion 0 As for my hope, who can see any? This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that no one expects him to have any hope. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can see any hope for me.” or “No one expects me to have any more hope.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 17 16 h77p figs-rquestion 0 Will hope go down with me … dust? The implicit answer is “no.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Hope will not go down with me … dust.” or “I will no longer hope when I go down … dust.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 17 15 g6bv figs-rquestion 0 As for my hope, who can see any? This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that no one expects him to have any hope. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can see any hope for me.” or “No one expects me to have any more hope.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 17 16 h77p figs-rquestion 0 Will hope go down with me … dust? The implicit answer is “no.” If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Hope will not go down with me … dust.” or “I will no longer hope when I go down … dust.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 17 16 yx83 figs-metaphor 0 gates of Sheol Sheol does not really have gates, but it is a metaphor for Job entering Sheol. Alternate translation: “when I go into Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 17 16 ajw5 0 when we “when I and the things that I hope for” or “when I and my hopes.” The word “we” refers to Job and his hope.
JOB 17 16 z16e figs-idiom 0 descend to the dust This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “die and are buried” or “go to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1010,7 +1010,7 @@ JOB 18 3 v7r1 figs-metonymy 0 regarded Regarding, looking, is a metonym here fo
JOB 18 3 yk9u figs-metaphor 0 in your sight Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” or “in your thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 18 3 pdy5 figs-123person 0 your sight The word “your” here is plural. Bildad is using sarcasm to tell Job that Job should not think of himself as a great man. Alternate translation: “your sight, you who wrongly think you are great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JOB 18 4 zm4p figs-explicit 0 You who tear at yourself in your anger Here Bildad is stating that it is because of Job’s anger and disobedience that he has been injured, not because of God’s anger as Job has previously claimed. The word “tear” here means to “injure.” Alternate translation: “You who have caused your own injuries because of your anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 18 4 ug9i figs-rquestion 0 should the earth be forsaken for you or should the rocks be removed out of their places? This rhetorical question suggests that letting Job, whom they consider a guilty man, go free would be like changing the whole world. Bildad uses these huge exaggerations here to emphasize how outrageous he thinks this is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “asking God to let you, a guilty man, go free is as silly as asking for God to forsake the earth for your sake or for God to move the rocks out of their places to please you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB 18 4 ug9i figs-rquestion 0 should the earth be forsaken for you or should the rocks be removed out of their places? This rhetorical question suggests that letting Job, whom they consider a guilty man, go free would be like changing the whole world. Bildad uses these huge exaggerations here to emphasize how outrageous he thinks this is. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “asking God to let you, a guilty man, go free is as silly as asking for God to forsake the earth for your sake or for God to move the rocks out of their places to please you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB 18 4 r5lg figs-activepassive 0 should the earth be forsaken If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “should everyone leave the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 18 4 zyh5 figs-activepassive 0 should the rocks be removed out of their places If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The word “rocks” here refers to large rocks, such as those in the mountains. Alternate translation: “should God remove the rocks from their places” or “should God move mountains around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 18 5 e2fi figs-metaphor 0 Indeed, the light of the wicked person will be put out; the spark of his fire will not shine Bildad speaks of a wicked person dying as if his lamp were being blown out. Alternate translation: “What will happen is that the lives of wicked people like you end as quickly as we can put out a light or extinguish the flame of a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ JOB 20 3 dt4l figs-explicit 0 a spirit from my understanding answers me The con
JOB 20 3 dha7 figs-abstractnouns 0 a spirit from my understanding answers me The abstract nouns “spirit” and “understanding” can be expressed with the verbs “think” and “understand.” Alternate translation: “because I understand things, I have thought, and now I know how I can reply to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 20 4 um5p 0 Do you not know this fact from ancient times … man on earth Zophar begins a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say.
JOB 20 5 cr4t 0 Connecting Statement: Zophar finishes the rhetorical question he began in verse 4.
JOB 20 5 nhc5 figs-rquestion 0 the triumph … for a moment? Zophar uses a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “Surely you know … man on earth; the triumph … for a moment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 20 5 nhc5 figs-rquestion 0 the triumph … for a moment? Zophar uses a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. “Surely you know … man on earth; the triumph … for a moment.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 20 5 ubq8 figs-abstractnouns 0 the triumph of a wicked man is short If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **triumph**, you could express the same idea with the verbs “triumph” or “celebrate.” Alternate translation: “the wicked man triumphs only a short time” or “the wicked person celebrates for only a little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 20 5 u62f figs-abstractnouns 0 the joy of a godless man lasts only for a moment If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **joy**, you could express the same idea with the verb “rejoice” or the adjective “happy.” The word “moment” is an exaggeration to emphasize that the time is very short. Alternate translation: “a godless man rejoices for only a moment” or “the godless man is happy for only a very short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOB 20 6 jjd5 figs-abstractnouns 0 Though his height reaches up to the heavens “Though the wicked person’s height reaches up to the heavens.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **height**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “tall.” Alternate translation: “Though he is as tall as the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -1844,7 +1844,7 @@ JOB 33 10 f8tf 0 See The speaker uses this word here to draw attention to what
JOB 33 11 ra4e figs-metaphor 0 He puts my feet in stocks “Stocks” are wooden blocks a jailer puts around a prisoner’s feet to restrict his movement. Job speaks of feeling like he is a prisoner by saying that he is in stocks. Alternate translation: “I feel he has made me a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 33 11 w3ja figs-metonymy 0 my paths These words refer to where he goes. Here where he goes represents what he does. Alternate translation: “everything that I do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 33 12 bbu1 0 I will answer you Elihu is speaking to Job.
JOB 33 13 z74q figs-rquestion 0 Why do you struggle against him? Elihu uses this question to emphasize that Job should not struggle against God. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not struggle against God.” or “You should not try to argue with God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 33 13 z74q figs-rquestion 0 Why do you struggle against him? Elihu uses this question to emphasize that Job should not struggle against God. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not struggle against God.” or “You should not try to argue with God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 33 13 m749 0 He does not account for any of his doings Alternate translation: “He does not have to explain to us anything he does”
JOB 33 14 gyh6 figs-idiom 0 God speaks once—yes, twice This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “God speaks again and again in different ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 33 15 zz7a figs-parallelism 0 a dream … a vision of the night These phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -1897,7 +1897,7 @@ JOB 34 4 v6hj figs-exclusive 0 Let us Here “us” refers to Elihu, Job, and h
JOB 34 5 k2e1 0 has taken away my rights Alternate translation: “refused to give me justice”
JOB 34 6 k523 figs-activepassive 0 I am considered to be a liar If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God considers me to be a liar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 34 6 i95p figs-metaphor 0 My wound is incurable Here Job’s sickness and suffering is spoken of as if it were a “wound.” Alternate translation: “I am sick and no one can heal me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 34 7 nd2a figs-rquestion 0 What man is like Job Elihu uses this rhetorical question to scold Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one else like Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 7 nd2a figs-rquestion 0 What man is like Job Elihu uses this rhetorical question to scold Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one else like Job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 7 glm5 figs-simile 0 who drinks up mockery like water Elihu is accusing Job of mocking others as often as a person drinks water. Alternate translation: “who mocks other people as frequently as he drinks water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 34 8 j3zr figs-metaphor 0 who walks with wicked men Here “walk” is an idiom for how a person acts. Alternate translation: “who behaves like wicked men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 34 10 n22e figs-irony 0 you men of understanding Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not actually think they are wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@ -1913,9 +1913,9 @@ JOB 34 16 h7bg 0 now Elihu uses this word to bring attention to something impo
JOB 34 16 lpb8 figs-you 0 you have Here “you” is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOB 34 16 giw9 figs-parallelism 0 listen to the sound of my words “listen to what I say.” This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 34 17 rc4c figs-rquestion 0 Can one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? Elihu uses this question to rebuke Job for implying that God hates justice. Alternate translation: “One who hates justice cannot be expected to rule over people. So you really cannot criticize God, who is righteous and powerful, and you cannot say that what he has done is wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 17 s1zl figs-rquestion 0 Can one who hates justice govern? The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “no.” This question implies that God could not rule the world if he hated justice. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “One who hates justice cannot govern the world.” or “God could certainly never hate what is right and still rule the world.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 34 17 s1zl figs-rquestion 0 Can one who hates justice govern? The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “no.” This question implies that God could not rule the world if he hated justice. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “One who hates justice cannot govern the world.” or “God could certainly never hate what is right and still rule the world.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 34 17 l8xs figs-rquestion 0 Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that Job does not have the authority or a reason to condemn God. Alternate translation: “You cannot condemn God, who is righteous and mighty!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 18 n5xx figs-rquestion 0 God, who says to a king, ‘You are vile,’ or says to nobles, ‘You are wicked’? This continues the rhetorical question from the previous verse, emphasizing to Job that he cannot condemn God. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He says to some kings, ‘You are vile,’ and he says to some nobles, ‘You are wicked.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 18 n5xx figs-rquestion 0 God, who says to a king, ‘You are vile,’ or says to nobles, ‘You are wicked’? This continues the rhetorical question from the previous verse, emphasizing to Job that he cannot condemn God. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He says to some kings, ‘You are vile,’ and he says to some nobles, ‘You are wicked.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 18 pa2a figs-ellipsis 0 God, who says to a king This is part of the previous question. The understood words from the previous verse, “will you condemn God,” may be supplied. Alternate translation: “Will you condemn God, who says to a king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOB 34 18 n3qi 0 vile Alternate translation: “evil” or “worthless”
JOB 34 19 sj41 figs-metonymy 0 for they all are the work of his hands Here “hands” refer to power. Alternate translation: “for God made them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1939,12 +1939,12 @@ JOB 34 26 af3k figs-explicit 0 he kills them This speaks of God causing these p
JOB 34 27 mv8l figs-idiom 0 his ways This refers to God’s instructions for how people should behave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 34 28 d5r1 figs-abstractnouns 0 they made the cry of poor people come to him The word “cry” can be expressed as a verb. This speaks of God hearing their cry as if the cry were a person that came to him. Alternate translation: “they made the poor people cry, and God heard them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 34 29 w485 figs-metaphor 0 When he stays silent, who can condemn him? If he hides his face, who can perceive him? These two questions speak of God not punishing wicked people as if he were being silent and hiding his face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 34 29 k61c figs-rquestion 0 When he stays silent, who can condemn him? Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can criticize God if he decides to remain silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 29 j5ex figs-rquestion 0 If he hides his face, who can perceive him? Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can go and see him if he decides to hide his face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 29 k61c figs-rquestion 0 When he stays silent, who can condemn him? Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can criticize God if he decides to remain silent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 29 j5ex figs-rquestion 0 If he hides his face, who can perceive him? Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can go and see him if he decides to hide his face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 29 pdu7 figs-synecdoche 0 his face Here God is represented by his “face.” Alternate translation: “himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOB 34 30 n7qw figs-metaphor 0 no one to entrap people This compares a godless ruler harming people as if he were a hunter trapping his prey. Alternate translation: “no one to harm the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 34 32 u6ly figs-metonymy 0 teach me what I cannot see Here to “see” means to know. Alternate translation: “teach me what I have done wrong that I am not aware of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 34 33 kc72 figs-rquestion 0 Do you think that God will punish that person’s sin, since you dislike what God does? “Since you dislike what God does, do you think that God should punish this person’s sin?” Elihu uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he should not think that God will not punish this man. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Even though you do not like what God does, surely even you do not think that God will punish this person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 33 kc72 figs-rquestion 0 Do you think that God will punish that person’s sin, since you dislike what God does? “Since you dislike what God does, do you think that God should punish this person’s sin?” Elihu uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he should not think that God will not punish this man. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Even though you do not like what God does, surely even you do not think that God will punish this person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 34 33 xdv4 figs-metonymy 0 that person’s sin Here punishing the person because of his sin is referred to as punishing the “person’s sin.” Alternate translation: “that person because of his sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 34 33 nw6c 0 since you dislike Alternate translation: “because you dislike”
JOB 34 33 px78 0 what it is that you know Alternate translation: “what you are thinking about this”
@ -2076,26 +2076,26 @@ JOB 38 intro bs8p 0 # Job 38 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting
JOB 38 1 b53y 0 Then Yahweh called Here, the word “then” marks the beginning of a new part of the book. See if your language has a similar way to introduce a new scene. Alternate translation: “After all that had happened, Yahweh called.
JOB 38 1 zh2u 0 called to Job Alternate translation: “answered Job” or “responded to Job”
JOB 38 1 zk13 0 out of a fierce storm Alternate translation: “from a powerful storm”
JOB 38 2 ln5m figs-rquestion 0 Who is this who brings darkness to plans by means of words without knowledge? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job spoke of things he did not know about. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You bring darkness to my plans by means of words without knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 2 ln5m figs-rquestion 0 Who is this who brings darkness to plans by means of words without knowledge? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job spoke of things he did not know about. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You bring darkness to my plans by means of words without knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 2 u9fl 0 Who is this who brings Alternate translation: “Who are you to bring”
JOB 38 2 kw1v figs-metaphor 0 brings darkness to plans “obscures my plans” or “confuses my purposes.” How Job confuses God’s plans is spoken of as if he were making God’s plans harder to see. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **darkness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “darkens.” Alternate translation: “darkens plans” or “makes plans hard to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 38 2 lq69 0 by means of words without knowledge Alternate translation: “by speaking of things about which you do not know”
JOB 38 2 nng1 figs-abstractnouns 0 words without knowledge If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “unknowing words” or “ignorant words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 38 3 ur9i figs-idiom 0 gird up your loins like a man “tie your robe up around your waist like a man.” Men tied up their robes around their waists so that their legs could move more freely as they did heavy work. The idiom “gird up your loins like a man” means to get ready to do something involving action such as work, a contest, or a battle. Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. Alternate translation: “get yourself ready for hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOB 38 4 k38w figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh begins to challenge Job with a series of questions that emphasize he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 4 xgy2 figs-rquestion 0 Where were you when I laid the earth’s foundations? Tell me, if you have so much understanding If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me where you were when I laid the foundations of the earth, if you have so much understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 4 xgy2 figs-rquestion 0 Where were you when I laid the earth’s foundations? Tell me, if you have so much understanding If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me where you were when I laid the foundations of the earth, if you have so much understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 4 e2l4 figs-metaphor 0 I laid the earth’s foundations Yahweh describes creating the earth as though he was building a structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 38 4 p418 figs-abstractnouns 0 if you have so much understanding If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you understand so much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 38 5 y99g figs-rquestion 0 Who determined its dimensions? Tell me, if you know If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who determined its dimensions, if you know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 5 y99g figs-rquestion 0 Who determined its dimensions? Tell me, if you know If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who determined its dimensions, if you know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 5 sp2s 0 dimensions Alternate translation: “size”
JOB 38 5 nt85 figs-rquestion 0 Who stretched the measuring line over it? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who stretched the measuring line over it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 5 nt85 figs-rquestion 0 Who stretched the measuring line over it? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who stretched the measuring line over it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 5 wjp1 0 measuring line a rope or cord that people use to make something the right size and shape
JOB 38 6 i7br figs-rquestion 0 General Information: The word “its” refers to the earth. Yahweh uses more questions to emphasize that Job could never understand how great God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 6 a776 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 38 6 i5wb figs-rquestion 0 On what were its foundations laid? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “On what did I set its foundations?” or “Tell me on what its foundations were laid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 38 6 p5tv figs-rquestion 0 Who laid its cornerstone If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who laid its cornerstone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 6 i5wb figs-rquestion 0 On what were its foundations laid? If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “On what did I set its foundations?” or “Tell me on what its foundations were laid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 38 6 p5tv figs-rquestion 0 Who laid its cornerstone If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who laid its cornerstone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 7 r55l figs-rquestion 0 Job finishes the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who laid its cornerstone” in verse 6. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 7 g3kf figs-rquestion 0 when the morning stars … the sons of God shouted for joy? Job finishes the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who laid its cornerstone” in verse 6. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “Tell me who laid its cornerstone when the morning stars … the sons of God shouted for joy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 7 g3kf figs-rquestion 0 when the morning stars … the sons of God shouted for joy? Job finishes the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who laid its cornerstone” in verse 6. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. “Tell me who laid its cornerstone when the morning stars … the sons of God shouted for joy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 7 ql8y figs-personification 0 when the morning stars sang together The morning stars are spoken of as singing like people sing. Possible meanings are: (1) the “morning stars” are the same as the “sons of God” in the next line or (2) “the morning stars” refer to stars in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 38 7 z79e 0 the morning stars Alternate translation: “the bright stars that shine in the morning”
JOB 38 7 j365 0 sons of God This refers to angels, heavenly beings. See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md).
@ -2120,12 +2120,12 @@ JOB 38 11 ixn6 figs-explicit 0 You may come this far, but no farther The words
JOB 38 11 iy3q figs-personification 0 to the pride of your waves “to the power of your waves.” The waves are spoken of as if they could have pride. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you could express the same idea with the adjective “proud.” Alternate translation: “to your proud waves” or “to your powerful waves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 38 12 c1ks figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he created the light of day and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 12 b56i figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He begins to ask a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 12 hi2g figs-rquestion 0 Have you … to know its place This question expects a negative answer. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have never … shaken the wicked out of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 12 hi2g figs-rquestion 0 Have you … to know its place This question expects a negative answer. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have never … shaken the wicked out of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 12 i57a figs-personification 0 given orders to the morning Yahweh describes the morning as being able to receive orders and know things like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 38 12 gc16 0 caused the dawn to know its place Alternate translation: “caused the dawn to know where it belongs”
JOB 38 12 q9wm 0 dawn the daylight that appears in the morning sky before the sun rises
JOB 38 13 zak3 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you given” in verse 12.
JOB 38 13 l3k7 figs-rquestion 0 so that it might take hold … shake the wicked out of it? This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you given” in verse 12. This question expects a negative answer. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “You have never given … so that it might take hold … shaken the wicked out of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 13 l3k7 figs-rquestion 0 so that it might take hold … shake the wicked out of it? This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you given” in verse 12. This question expects a negative answer. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. “You have never given … so that it might take hold … shaken the wicked out of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 13 s9db figs-metaphor 0 take hold of the edges of the earth The light of dawn is spoken of as if it seizes the horizons of the earth. Alternate translation: “grasp the ends of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 38 13 m62q figs-metaphor 0 shake the wicked out of it The daylight is pictured as causing wicked people to leave like shaking something to remove unwanted things. Alternate translation: “shake wicked people out of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 38 14 m9rx figs-simile 0 The earth is changed in appearance like clay changes under a seal At nighttime, people cannot see clearly, but in the morning the light reveals the distinct shape of everything, just like a seal creates distinct images in clay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -2135,13 +2135,13 @@ JOB 38 15 jfq3 figs-irony 0 their ‘light’ The wicked consider darkness to b
JOB 38 15 e6v7 figs-metaphor 0 their uplifted arm is broken The raised arm of the wicked represents their power and intention to do evil things, but the wicked stop doing those evil things when the morning light comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 38 16 e754 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses five questions to emphasize that he understands the earth and seas and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 16 yt52 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 38 16 vy8n figs-rquestion 0 Have you gone to the sources of the waters of the sea? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not gone to the sources of the waters of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 16 lcg5 figs-rquestion 0 Have you walked in the lowest parts of the deep? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not walked in the lowest parts of the deep.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 16 vy8n figs-rquestion 0 Have you gone to the sources of the waters of the sea? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not gone to the sources of the waters of the sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 16 lcg5 figs-rquestion 0 Have you walked in the lowest parts of the deep? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not walked in the lowest parts of the deep.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 16 kmu4 0 the sources of the waters Alternate translation: “the springs”
JOB 38 16 jrv9 figs-nominaladj 0 the deep This refers to the sea or ocean where the water is very deep. Alternate translation: “the deep sea” or “the ocean depths” or “the deep water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JOB 38 17 a7xy figs-metaphor 0 Have the gates of death been revealed to you Death is spoken of as if it were a city that had gates through which people enter into it. This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Has anyone shown the gates of death to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 38 17 g37w 0 the shadow of death See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](../03/05.md).
JOB 38 18 q2iv figs-rquestion 0 Have you understood the earth in its expanse? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not understand the earth in its expanse.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 18 q2iv figs-rquestion 0 Have you understood the earth in its expanse? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not understand the earth in its expanse.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 18 k9n7 0 the earth in its expanse Alternate translation: “the great broad places of the earth”
JOB 38 18 l8zz 0 if you know it all Alternate translation: “if you know all about these things”
JOB 38 19 kmt5 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that he understands light and darkness and Job does not. Each of these verses have two parallel phrases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -2165,14 +2165,14 @@ JOB 38 24 ctg6 figs-activepassive 0 What is the path to where the lightning bol
JOB 38 24 auw5 0 the winds are scattered Alternate translation: “the winds are blown”
JOB 38 25 q4hg figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh questions Job to emphasize that he causes it to rain and thunder and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 25 f7pp figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He begins to ask a series of rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 25 eh5t figs-rquestion 0 Who has created the channels for the floods of rain If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only I have created the channels for the floods of rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 25 j3xx figs-rquestion 0 or who has made a path for the thunder If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “and only I have made a path for the thunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 25 eh5t figs-rquestion 0 Who has created the channels for the floods of rain If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only I have created the channels for the floods of rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 25 j3xx figs-rquestion 0 or who has made a path for the thunder If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “and only I have made a path for the thunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 25 ve3k 0 the floods of rain Alternate translation: “the torrents of rain”
JOB 38 25 cd75 0 a path for the thunder Alternate translation: “a way for the rumble of thunder to be heard.”
JOB 38 26 g934 figs-parallelism 0 on lands where no person exists, and on the wilderness, in which there is no one These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 38 26 na1j 0 where no person exists Alternate translation: “where there are no people”
JOB 38 27 b6m2 figs-rquestion 0 The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has created” in verse 25 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 27 lf5w figs-rquestion 0 to satisfy … sprout with grass? The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has created” in verse 25 ends here. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “I am the one who has created … of rain, and I am the one who has made … to satisfy … sprout with grass.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 27 lf5w figs-rquestion 0 to satisfy … sprout with grass? The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has created” in verse 25 ends here. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. “I am the one who has created … of rain, and I am the one who has made … to satisfy … sprout with grass.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 27 d9vt figs-explicit 0 to satisfy The implied information is that it is the rain that meets the needs of the land to grow grass. Alternate translation: “so that the rain can satisfy the needs of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 38 27 q9sc figs-hendiadys 0 devastated and desolate “ruined and wasted.” These two words have nearly the same meaning and emphasize the ruined and empty nature of these regions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
JOB 38 27 v1hz 0 with grass “the new grass” or “the fresh grass.” This is grass that is just starting to grow.
@ -2209,29 +2209,29 @@ JOB 38 35 na4p figs-rquestion 0 Can you send out … you, ‘Here we are’? Th
JOB 38 35 z4cb figs-personification 0 Here we are The lightning bolts are spoken of as servants saying they are ready to follow commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 38 36 a9d6 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the clouds and rain and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 36 sx1r 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 38 36 h7ay figs-rquestion 0 Who has put wisdom in the clouds or has given understanding to the mists? If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you can express them as statements. Alternate translation: “I am the one who has put wisdom in the clouds and given understanding to the mists.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 36 h7ay figs-rquestion 0 Who has put wisdom in the clouds or has given understanding to the mists? If your readers would misunderstand these questions, you could express them as statements. Alternate translation: “I am the one who has put wisdom in the clouds and given understanding to the mists.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 36 sfx3 0 has put wisdom in the clouds Alternate translation: “has given wisdom to the clouds”
JOB 38 37 pv86 figs-rquestion 0 A rhetorical question begins here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 37 qju4 figs-rquestion 0 Who can pour out the water skins of the sky If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who can pour out the water skins of the sky.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 37 qju4 figs-rquestion 0 Who can pour out the water skins of the sky If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who can pour out the water skins of the sky.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 37 w7u7 figs-metaphor 0 the water skins These are skins that people sew together so that they can hold water. Yahweh refers to the thick clouds as “waters skins” because they hold much water just like water skins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 38 38 hj6z figs-rquestion 0 when the dust runs … tightly together? The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who can pour out” in verse 37 ends here. “Only I can pour out … when the dust runs … tightly together.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 38 qh39 figs-activepassive 0 when the dust runs into a hard mass The rain makes the loose dry dirt stick together like one piece of dirt. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the rain molds the dirt into a hard mass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOB 38 38 njw9 0 the clods of earth clump tightly together Alternate translation: “the lumps of soil stick together”
JOB 38 39 s331 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he knows how to feed the lions and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 39 hqx6 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 38 39 f7aw figs-rquestion 0 Can you hunt down a victim for a lioness or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot hunt down a victim for a lioness or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 39 f7aw figs-rquestion 0 Can you hunt down a victim for a lioness or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot hunt down a victim for a lioness or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 39 y8rn 0 a victim “prey.” This is an animal that a lion could eat.
JOB 38 39 i376 0 lioness This is a female lion.
JOB 38 39 n1pj 0 appetite hunger
JOB 38 39 j1aw 0 of her young lion cubs “of young lions.” These are young lions that are old enough to hunt for themselves.
JOB 38 40 awl8 0 Connecting Statement: The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Can you hunt” in verse 39 ends here.
JOB 38 40 yb24 figs-rquestion 0 when they are crouching … to lie in wait? The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Can you hunt” in verse 39 ends here. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “You know that you cannot hunt down … when they are crouching … to lie in wait.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 40 yb24 figs-rquestion 0 when they are crouching … to lie in wait? The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Can you hunt” in verse 39 ends here. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. “You know that you cannot hunt down … when they are crouching … to lie in wait.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 40 hu7v 0 dens A “den” is a lair or shelter where lions live.
JOB 38 40 g23n 0 sheltering in hiding “hiding in a thicket.” Lions hide in thick vegetation when hunting their prey.
JOB 38 40 fx6l figs-explicit 0 to lie in wait The implied information is that the lions are hiding and waiting for their prey to come near. Alternate translation: “to lie waiting for a victim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 38 41 t9jb figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he provides food for the ravens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 41 u1rq 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 38 41 sxy9 figs-rquestion 0 Who provides victims … for lack of food? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who provides victims … for lack of food.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 41 sxy9 figs-rquestion 0 Who provides victims … for lack of food? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who provides victims … for lack of food.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 38 41 f3g8 0 provides victims “provides food.” This refers to animals that ravens look for and can eat.
JOB 38 41 hc2b 0 ravens large birds with shiny black feathers that feed on dead animals
JOB 38 41 y9ey figs-explicit 0 cry out to God The implied information is that the ravens are crying out for food. Alternate translation: “cry to God for help” or “cry out for God to give them food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -2240,14 +2240,14 @@ JOB 38 41 i8kr 0 for lack of food Alternate translation: “because they have
JOB 39 intro l9e1 0 # Job 39 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh continues to speak in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s greatness<br>Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited. Since Job cannot understand creation, he cannot truly understand Yahweh.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. Many of these questions focus on nature because Yahweh is the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
JOB 39 1 b1wa figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild mountain goats and deer and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 1 sw6i 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 39 1 m8kw figs-rquestion 0 Do you know at what time … bear their young? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you do not know when … bear their young!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 1 d7nh figs-rquestion 0 Can you watch when the deer are having their fawns? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to watch to make sure everything goes well when the deer give birth to their fawns!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 1 m8kw figs-rquestion 0 Do you know at what time … bear their young? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you do not know when … bear their young!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 1 d7nh figs-rquestion 0 Can you watch when the deer are having their fawns? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to watch to make sure everything goes well when the deer give birth to their fawns!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 1 j6ic 0 are having their fawns Alternate translation: “give birth to their fawns”
JOB 39 2 phe5 figs-rquestion 0 Can you count the months that they gestate? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot count the months that they are pregnant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 2 phe5 figs-rquestion 0 Can you count the months that they gestate? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot count the months that they are pregnant.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 2 nrm8 0 that they gestate Alternate translation: “to complete their pregnancy”
JOB 39 2 w95t 0 they The word “they” refers to the goats and the deer.
JOB 39 2 w3w9 0 gestate Alternate translation: “are pregnant”
JOB 39 2 txy4 figs-rquestion 0 Do you know the time when they bear their young? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course you do not know when they give birth to their young.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 2 txy4 figs-rquestion 0 Do you know the time when they bear their young? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course you do not know when they give birth to their young.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 3 sq9c 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 39 3 uj6h 0 They crouch down The word “They” refers to the wild mountain goats and the deer.
JOB 39 3 rvs4 0 birth their young Alternate translation: “give birth to their offspring”
@ -2256,12 +2256,12 @@ JOB 39 4 wey9 0 the open fields Alternate translation: “the countryside” o
JOB 39 4 v8ps 0 do not come back again Alternate translation: “do not come back to them” or “do not come back to their mothers”
JOB 39 5 p64r figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild donkeys and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 5 g9xs 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 39 5 twv9 figs-rquestion 0 Who let the wild donkey go free? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who let the wild donkey go free.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 5 twv9 figs-rquestion 0 Who let the wild donkey go free? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who let the wild donkey go free.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 5 x4tg 0 the wild donkey … the swift donkey These are different names for the same kind of donkey.
JOB 39 5 mg7f figs-rquestion 0 Who has untied the bonds of the swift donkey If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who untied the bonds of the swift donkey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 5 mg7f figs-rquestion 0 Who has untied the bonds of the swift donkey If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who untied the bonds of the swift donkey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 5 pp7e 0 bonds ropes, chains, or straps that hold an animal and keep it from running away
JOB 39 6 dku4 figs-rquestion 0 General Information: The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has untied” in verse 5 ends here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 6 z26m figs-rquestion 0 whose home I have made … in the salt land? The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has untied” in verse 5 ends here. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “I am the one who has untied … whose home I have made in the Arabah, his house in the salt land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 6 z26m figs-rquestion 0 whose home I have made … in the salt land? The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has untied” in verse 5 ends here. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. “I am the one who has untied … whose home I have made in the Arabah, his house in the salt land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 6 qyi5 figs-personification 0 whose home I have made in the Arabah Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person that had a house. “I gave him the Arabah as a place to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOB 39 6 hfq8 0 the salt land the land around the Salt Sea that has a lot of salt in it
JOB 39 7 b9s6 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
@ -2271,24 +2271,24 @@ JOB 39 7 rpn6 0 the driver’s someone who forces an animal to work
JOB 39 8 t3sa 0 pastures places where animals can eat plants growing in the field
JOB 39 9 u4vx figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Here Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 9 s6zs 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 39 9 ss2c figs-rquestion 0 Will the wild ox be happy to serve you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The wild ox will not be happy to serve you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 9 ss2c figs-rquestion 0 Will the wild ox be happy to serve you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “The wild ox will not be happy to serve you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 9 yl5m 0 the wild ox This could mean: (1) a type of ox that used to live in the wild or (2) some kind of buffalo that looked like oxen.
JOB 39 9 f9tw 0 be happy Alternate translation: “be willing”
JOB 39 9 v7dg figs-rquestion 0 Will he consent to stay by your manger? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will not consent to stay by your manger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 9 v7dg figs-rquestion 0 Will he consent to stay by your manger? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will not consent to stay by your manger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 9 t1u5 0 consent to stay by your manger Alternate translation: “stay by your manger through the night”
JOB 39 9 sgz6 0 manger something that holds food so that animals can eat it
JOB 39 10 iqy5 figs-rquestion 0 Can you use ropes to hold the wild ox in the furrows? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot control the wild ox with a rope in order to plow furrows in your fields.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 10 iqy5 figs-rquestion 0 Can you use ropes to hold the wild ox in the furrows? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot control the wild ox with a rope in order to plow furrows in your fields.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 10 mt1p 0 ropes Farmers would tie ropes to animals’ heads or necks in order to lead them.
JOB 39 10 gny8 0 furrows These are long channels made in the dirt while plowing. See how you translated this in [Job 31:38](../31/38.md).
JOB 39 10 g8w9 figs-rquestion 0 Will he harrow the valleys as he follows after you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will never harrow the valleys as he follows after you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 10 g8w9 figs-rquestion 0 Will he harrow the valleys as he follows after you? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will never harrow the valleys as he follows after you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 10 uq7t 0 harrow to smooth and break up the soil
JOB 39 11 b4gj figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Here Yahweh uses three questions to continue his argument that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 11 epz6 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 39 11 au79 figs-rquestion 0 Will you trust him because his strength is great? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot trust him because his strength is great.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 11 au79 figs-rquestion 0 Will you trust him because his strength is great? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot trust him because his strength is great.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 11 zx9v 0 trust him The word “him” refers to the “wild ox.”
JOB 39 11 cgj2 figs-rquestion 0 Will you leave your work to him to do? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not be able to make him do your work for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 11 cgj2 figs-rquestion 0 Will you leave your work to him to do? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not be able to make him do your work for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 11 f3u1 0 leave your work to him to do Alternate translation: “have him do your hard work for you”
JOB 39 12 ht1z figs-rquestion 0 Will you depend on him … grain for your threshing floor? These two clauses basically mean the same thing. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not be able to depend on him … grain for your threshing floor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 39 12 ht1z figs-rquestion 0 Will you depend on him … grain for your threshing floor? These two clauses basically mean the same thing. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not be able to depend on him … grain for your threshing floor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOB 39 13 g5i9 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 39 13 xrh3 figs-rquestion 0 The wings of the ostrich … pinions and plumage of love? Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job cannot explain why ostriches behave the way they do. Alternate translation: “You do not know whether the pinions and plumage of the ostrich represent love when they wave their wings proudly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 13 c9hc 0 ostrich a very large bird that can run very fast but cannot fly
@ -2309,11 +2309,11 @@ JOB 39 18 bd6w 0 When she runs This verse is in contrast to her weakness in ca
JOB 39 18 y8sh figs-explicit 0 she laughs … its rider It is implied that she laughs because she is faster than the horse. Alternate translation: “she laughs … its rider because she can run faster than the horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 39 19 j9tb figs-rquestion 0 General Information: Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild horse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 19 ma5j 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 39 19 jg2w figs-rquestion 0 Have you given the horse his strength? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have never given the horse his strength.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 19 sul3 figs-rquestion 0 Did you clothe his neck with his flowing mane? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot clothe his neck with his flowing mane.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 19 jg2w figs-rquestion 0 Have you given the horse his strength? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have never given the horse his strength.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 19 sul3 figs-rquestion 0 Did you clothe his neck with his flowing mane? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot clothe his neck with his flowing mane.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 19 z5th figs-metonymy 0 clothe his neck with his flowing mane The horse’s “mane” is spoken of as if it was clothing for the neck of the horse. Alternate translation: “made his flowing main to cover his neck like clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 39 19 j215 0 flowing mane the long hair on the top of the neck of a horse
JOB 39 20 lpb2 figs-rquestion 0 Have you ever made him jump like a locust? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to make him jump like a locust.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 20 lpb2 figs-rquestion 0 Have you ever made him jump like a locust? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to make him jump like a locust.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 39 20 ul5g 0 a locust a large kind of grasshopper that can jump very far and very quickly
JOB 39 20 mh2c 0 snorting a very loud sound that horses make with their nose
JOB 39 21 c17t 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
@ -2356,17 +2356,17 @@ JOB 39 30 iv5j 0 where killed people are “where there are dead people.” Th
JOB 39 30 nx3p figs-explicit 0 there he is It can be made explicit that he comes to eat the dead bodies. Alternate translation: “he is there to eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOB 40 intro k9mj 0 # Job 40 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 40:1-2, 4-5, 7-24, which are extended quotations of Job and Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Job’s righteousness<br>In seeking to defend his own righteousness, Job accuses Yahweh of being unjust. Yahweh asks a very important question: “Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right?” This is the essence of Job’s error.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Irony<br>Yahweh states, “He who argues with God, let him answer.” Job immediately answers him. This is irony. While Job is forced to acknowledge the power of Yahweh, he does not repent of his former statements. Because of this, Yahweh asks him more questions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br>There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives.
JOB 40 1 jlf1 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 40 2 kpm1 figs-rquestion 0 Should anyone who wishes to criticize try to correct the Almighty? Yahweh is rebuking Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one who wants to criticize me should try to argue with me, for I am Almighty God.” or “You, a person, want to criticize me, Almighty God, but you should not try to correct me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 40 2 kpm1 figs-rquestion 0 Should anyone who wishes to criticize try to correct the Almighty? Yahweh is rebuking Job. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one who wants to criticize me should try to argue with me, for I am Almighty God.” or “You, a person, want to criticize me, Almighty God, but you should not try to correct me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 40 2 p78z figs-pronouns 0 He who argues with God, let him answer Yahweh speaks of Job and himself as if they were two other people to remind Job that no person anywhere should argue with God. Alternate translation: “You want to argue with me, so answer me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JOB 40 4 hez5 0 See, I am Alternate translation: “You are right when you say that I am” or “Look at me and you will see that I am”
JOB 40 4 ymc5 0 I am insignificant Alternate translation: “I am not important”
JOB 40 4 q9w7 figs-rquestion 0 how can I answer you? Job uses this question to apologize for questioning God. Alternate translation: “I cannot answer you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 40 7 t5gf figs-simile 0 gird up your loins like a man A man who tucks his robe up under his sash or belt is preparing for hard physical work, and Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. See how you translated this in [Job 38:3](../38/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 40 8 piw2 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to challenge Job.
JOB 40 8 q5c9 figs-rquestion 0 Will you actually say that I am unjust? The word “actually” indicates that Yahweh is surprised that Job would say that Yahweh is unjust and that Job should make sure that he really wants to say that. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that you are saying I am unjust.” or “You should be sure that you want to say that I am unjust, because that is what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 40 8 fj3l figs-rquestion 0 Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are condemning me so you can claim that you are innocent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 40 8 q5c9 figs-rquestion 0 Will you actually say that I am unjust? The word “actually” indicates that Yahweh is surprised that Job would say that Yahweh is unjust and that Job should make sure that he really wants to say that. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that you are saying I am unjust.” or “You should be sure that you want to say that I am unjust, because that is what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 40 8 fj3l figs-rquestion 0 Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are condemning me so you could claim that you are innocent.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 40 9 zc8k figs-simile 0 an arm like God’s The arm is a metonym for the strength in the arm. Alternate translation: “strength like God’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JOB 40 9 h8v3 figs-rquestion 0 Can you thunder with a voice like him? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You certainly cannot cause thunder with your voice the way God does with his.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 40 9 h8v3 figs-rquestion 0 Can you thunder with a voice like him? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You certainly cannot cause thunder with your voice the way God does with his.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOB 40 9 bf69 0 a voice like him Alternate translation: “a voice the way he does” or “a voice like his voice”
JOB 40 10 tc7m figs-metaphor 0 clothe yourself in glory and dignity; array yourself in honor and majesty The abstract nouns “glory,” “dignity,” “honor,” and “majesty” are spoken of as if they were clothing that a person could put on. They can be translated as adjectives and verbs. Alternate translation: “make yourself glorious; do something great so people will respect you and honor you; make people think you are a great king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOB 40 11 ec11 figs-metaphor 0 Scatter around the excess of your anger If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Here, **anger** is spoken of as if it were something that usually could be held in a container, but in this situation there is so much of it that what does not fit needs to be spread around. It is also a metonym for the actions a person takes when he is angry. You may need to make explicit why the person is angry. Alternate translation: “Be angry because people are proud, and punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -2389,26 +2389,26 @@ JOB 40 22 y4zd 0 lotus plants flowering plants that float on the water in swam
JOB 40 22 k86u 0 willows of the brook Willows are large trees that grow in damp ground. If they are unknown in your culture, you can use a general term for trees that grow near water.
JOB 40 23 vbe3 0 banks sides of the river
JOB 40 23 x8nv 0 though the Jordan should surge up to his mouth Alternate translation: “even if the flood of the Jordan should come up to his mouth”
JOB 40 24 uyb7 figs-rquestion 0 Can anyone capture him with a hook … snare? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can capture him with a hook or pierce his nose through with a snare.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 40 24 uyb7 figs-rquestion 0 Can anyone capture him with a hook … snare? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can capture him with a hook or pierce his nose through with a snare.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 intro et13 0 # Job 41 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation of Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character and to convince Job to repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals<br><br>There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives.
JOB 41 1 tg8a figs-rquestion 0 Can you draw out Leviathan with a fishhook? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot draw out Leviathan with a fishhook.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 1 tg8a figs-rquestion 0 Can you draw out Leviathan with a fishhook? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot draw out Leviathan with a fishhook.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 1 f9dw 0 draw out pull out of the water
JOB 41 1 li7c figs-ellipsis 0 Or tie up his jaws with a cord? The words “can you” are understood from the previous question. They can be repeated here. God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Or can you tie up his jaws with a cord?” or “And you know that you cannot tie up his jaws with a cord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 1 li7c figs-ellipsis 0 Or tie up his jaws with a cord? The words “can you” are understood from the previous question. They can be repeated here. God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Or can you tie up his jaws with a cord?” or “And you know that you cannot tie up his jaws with a cord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 1 t8j2 0 his jaws Leviathan’s jaws
JOB 41 2 y88e figs-rquestion 0 Can you put a rope into his nose … with a hook? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot put a rope into Leviathan’s nose … with a hook.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 3 f3f9 figs-rquestion 0 Will he make many pleas to you? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not make pleas to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 2 y88e figs-rquestion 0 Can you put a rope into his nose … with a hook? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot put a rope into Leviathan’s nose … with a hook.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 3 f3f9 figs-rquestion 0 Will he make many pleas to you? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not make pleas to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 3 sz4n 0 he Leviathan
JOB 41 3 d9dm figs-rquestion 0 Will he speak soft words to you? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not speak soft words to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 3 d9dm figs-rquestion 0 Will he speak soft words to you? God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not speak soft words to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 4 bmh5 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to rebuke Job. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan.
JOB 41 4 lt8s figs-rquestion 0 Will he make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 4 lt8s figs-rquestion 0 Will he make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 4 k4da 0 he … him The words “he” and “him” refer to Leviathan.
JOB 41 5 d2ev figs-rquestion 0 Will you play with him as you would with a bird? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot play with him as you would play with a bird.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 5 kt39 figs-rquestion 0 Will you tie him up for your servant girls? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot tie him up for your servant girls.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 6 al1q figs-rquestion 0 Will the groups of fishermen bargain for him? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that the groups of fishermen will not bargain for him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 6 s28m figs-rquestion 0 Will they divide him up to trade among the merchants? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that they will not divide him up to trade among the merchants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 5 d2ev figs-rquestion 0 Will you play with him as you would with a bird? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot play with him as you would play with a bird.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 5 kt39 figs-rquestion 0 Will you tie him up for your servant girls? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot tie him up for your servant girls.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 6 al1q figs-rquestion 0 Will the groups of fishermen bargain for him? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that the groups of fishermen will not bargain for him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 6 s28m figs-rquestion 0 Will they divide him up to trade among the merchants? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that they will not divide him up to trade among the merchants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 6 z2rx 0 Will they divide Alternate translation: “Will the groups of fishermen divide”
JOB 41 7 j9ni 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to rebuke Job. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan.
JOB 41 7 j5dm figs-rquestion 0 Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot pierce his skin with your hunting weapons, nor can you pierce his head with fishing spears.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 7 j5dm figs-rquestion 0 Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot pierce his skin with your hunting weapons, nor can you pierce his head with fishing spears.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 7 ymn4 0 his Leviathan’s
JOB 41 7 g9bk 0 harpoons large spears with barbed points that people use to hunt large sea creatures
JOB 41 8 y27l 0 him Leviathan
@ -2416,16 +2416,16 @@ JOB 41 9 pg91 0 See Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pa
JOB 41 9 s2he figs-activepassive 0 will not anyone be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him? This generalization can be translated as a statement in active form. Alternate translation: “Anyone who looks at him will be so frightened that he will throw himself on the ground.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 9 x9zn 0 the sight of him Alternate translation: “by looking at him” or “by seeing him”
JOB 41 10 jk4f 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Yahweh is much more powerful than both Leviathan and Job.
JOB 41 10 wj5r figs-rquestion 0 None is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up; who, then, is he who can stand before me? It would be easier to stir up Leviathan than to stand before Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Since you know that no person is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up, you should certainly know that no one can stand before me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 11 s27e figs-rquestion 0 Who has first given anything to me in order that I should repay him? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that no one has first given anything to me, so there is no one whom I need to repay.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 10 wj5r figs-rquestion 0 None is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up; who, then, is he who can stand before me? It would be easier to stir up Leviathan than to stand before Yahweh. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Since you know that no person is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up, you should certainly know that no one can stand before me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 11 s27e figs-rquestion 0 Who has first given anything to me in order that I should repay him? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that no one has first given anything to me, so there is no one whom I need to repay.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 12 pqy2 figs-litotes 0 I will not keep silent concerning … nor about … nor about This can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will certainly speak about … and about … and about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOB 41 12 c6dk 0 concerning Leviathan’s legs, nor about the matter of his strength, nor about his graceful form These are three things about which God will not keep silent.
JOB 41 12 x2pd 0 his The word “his” refers to Leviathan.
JOB 41 13 ppr4 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions.
JOB 41 13 fp4x figs-rquestion 0 Who can strip off his outer covering? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can strip off his outer clothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 13 fp4x figs-rquestion 0 Who can strip off his outer covering? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can strip off his outer clothing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 13 xw7s 0 his … his Leviathan’s
JOB 41 13 r6zd figs-metaphor 0 Who can penetrate his double armor? The word “armor” is a metaphor for the hard scales or hide on his back. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can penetrate his very thick hide.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 14 e1dk figs-rquestion 0 Who can open the doors of his face … terror? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can pry his jaws apart … terror.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 13 r6zd figs-metaphor 0 Who can penetrate his double armor? The word “armor” is a metaphor for the hard scales or hide on his back. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can penetrate his very thick hide.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 14 e1dk figs-rquestion 0 Who can open the doors of his face … terror? If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can pry his jaws apart … terror.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOB 41 15 wa6c figs-metaphor 0 shields The word “shields” is a metaphor for Leviathan’s hide. Both shields and Leviathan’s hide protect well and deflect arrows and other weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOB 41 15 s54h 0 tight together as with a close seal This means the “shields” are very close to one another and nothing can get between them.
JOB 41 16 jl62 0 One is so near to another One row of shields is so near to another ([Job 41:15](../41/15.md)).

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@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ JER 7 8 s1dh 0 Behold! The word “Behold” here alerts us to pay attention t
JER 7 9 bi95 figs-rquestion 0 Do you steal, kill, and commit adultery? Do you swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known? These questions expect a positive answer to make the point that God knows the sins they are committing. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You steal, kill, and commit adultery. You swear … and walk after other gods whom you have not known.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 7 9 ikv4 0 swear deceitfully Alternate translation: “lie even in your oaths”
JER 7 9 ps9p figs-metonymy 0 walk after other gods Here walking after is a metonym for following after with the intent to serve and obey. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 7:6](../07/06.md). Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JER 7 10 w19j figs-rquestion 0 Then do you come and stand … so you can do all of these abominations? This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows the hypocrisy of their words and actions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Then you come and stand … so you could do all of these abominations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 7 10 w19j figs-rquestion 0 Then do you come and stand … so you can do all of these abominations? This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows the hypocrisy of their words and actions. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Then you come and stand … so you could do all of these abominations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 7 10 ras4 figs-metonymy 0 house that is called by my name This is a metonym for Yahweh’s temple. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “house that belongs to me” or “temple where you worship me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JER 7 11 pb4b figs-rquestion 0 Is this house, which carries my name, a den of bandits in your eyes? This question expects a positive answer to make the point that God knows what they think about Yahweh’s temple. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “This house, which carries my name, is a den of bandits in your eyes!” or “You act as though you think this house, which is called by my name, should be a place where bandits can go to hide!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JER 7 11 kj59 figs-idiom 0 this house, which carries my name Yahweh’s temple is spoken of as if it was carrying the name of Yahweh. This has a similar meaning to “this house that is called by my name” in the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

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