From 0215352b326e486cbf4a5553854ec9c1ea59df82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Stephen Wunrow Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 22:18:13 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?Updating=20=CF=80=CE=BF=CE=BB=CE=BB=CE=B1=20in?= =?UTF-8?q?=20Mark=20and=20=CE=B1=CF=81=CF=84=CE=BF=CF=82=20in=20Synoptics?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3553 --- tn_LUK.tsv | 10 +++++----- tn_MAT.tsv | 28 ++++++++++++++-------------- tn_MRK.tsv | 50 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------- 3 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-) diff --git a/tn_LUK.tsv b/tn_LUK.tsv index 8b02048b4e..08410aa7d8 100644 --- a/tn_LUK.tsv +++ b/tn_LUK.tsv @@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ front:intro uk55 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Luke\n\n## Part 1: General 6:3 vih6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀνέγνωτε, ὃ ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ ὅτε ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς, καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ὄντες 1 Jesus does not expect the Pharisees to tell him whether they have read this passage in the Scriptures. Instead, he is using the question form to emphasize that the Pharisees should have learned a principle from that passage that indicates that they are wrong to criticize the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “The Scriptures suggest otherwise, in the passage that tells what David did when he and those who were with him were hungry.” 6:4 l282 ὡς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 If you made the first part of the quotation in [6:3](../06/03.md) a separate sentence, begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He went into the house of God” 6:4 l283 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Jesus is describing the tabernacle as the **house of God**. He is speaking as if it were the place where God lived, since God’s presence was there. Alternate translation: “the tabernacle” -6:4 yyh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως 1 The phrase **the bread of the presence** refers to loaves of bread that were placed on a table in the temple as an offering to God. They represented how the people of Israel lived in the **presence** of God. Alternate translation: “the bread that was offered to God” or “the bread that showed God lived among the people” +6:4 yyh2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως 1 The phrase **the loaves of the presence** refers to loaves of bread that were placed on a table in the temple as an offering to God. They represented how the people of Israel lived in the **presence** of God. Alternate translation: “the loaves that were offered to God” or “the bread that showed God lived among the people” 6:4 l284 οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν, εἰ μὴ μόνους τοὺς ἱερεῖς 1 It may be helpful to make this a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “The law says that only the priests can eat that bread” 6:5 h453 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person ἐστιν & ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Jesus is speaking of himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah, am” 6:5 l285 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐστιν & ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 See how you translated this title in [5:24](../05/24.md). Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah, am” @@ -2619,9 +2619,9 @@ front:intro uk55 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Luke\n\n## Part 1: General 15:16 pd3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown κερατίων 1 These are the husks of the beans that grow on the **carob** tree. If your readers would not be familiar with this tree, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “bean husks” 15:16 m003 καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐδίδου αὐτῷ 1 This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: “because no one was giving him anything else to eat” or “but his master would not allow him to eat even those” 15:17 x4jc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom εἰς ἑαυτὸν & ἐλθὼν 1 This idiom means that he became able to understand his situation clearly and realized that he had made a terrible mistake. Alternate translation: “realizing the situation he was in” -15:17 m004 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἔφη, πόσοι μίσθιοι τοῦ πατρός μου περισσεύονται ἄρτων, ἐγὼ δὲ λιμῷ ὧδε ἀπόλλυμαι 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he told himself that all of his father’s hired servants had more than enough food to eat, but he was perishing from hunger where he was” -15:17 xw1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations πόσοι μίσθιοι τοῦ πατρός μου περισσεύονται ἄρτων, ἐγὼ δὲ λιμῷ ὧδε ἀπόλλυμαι 1 This is an exclamation, not a question. Alternate translation: “All of my father’s hired servants have more than enough food to eat, but I am perishing from hunger here” -15:17 m005 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἄρτων 1 The young man is using one kind of food, **bread**, to mean food in general. Alternate translation: “food” +15:17 m004 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἔφη, πόσοι μίσθιοι τοῦ πατρός μου περισσεύονται ἄρτων, ἐγὼ δὲ λιμῷ ὧδε ἀπόλλυμαι 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he told himself that all of his father’s hired servants had more than enough loaves to eat, but he was perishing from hunger where he was” +15:17 xw1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations πόσοι μίσθιοι τοῦ πατρός μου περισσεύονται ἄρτων, ἐγὼ δὲ λιμῷ ὧδε ἀπόλλυμαι 1 This is an exclamation, not a question. Alternate translation: “All of my father’s hired servants have more than enough loaves to eat, but I am perishing from hunger here” +15:17 m005 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἄρτων 1 The young man is using one kind of food, **loaves**, to mean food in general. Alternate translation: “food” 15:17 tal2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole λιμῷ & ἀπόλλυμαι 1 This could mean: (1) it is a figurative overstatement for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have so little to eat” (2) the young man has literally been starving. Alternate translation: “am about to die of starvation” 15:18 m006 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ἀναστὰς, πορεύσομαι πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου, καὶ ἐρῶ αὐτῷ, Πάτερ, ἥμαρτον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ ἐνώπιόν σου 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation, and then another quotation within that one. Alternate translation: “He decided that he would leave that place and go to his father and tell him that he had sinned against God and directly against him” 15:18 m007 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἀναστὰς 1 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will leave this place” @@ -4431,4 +4431,4 @@ front:intro uk55 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Luke\n\n## Part 1: General 24:53 m787 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis διὰ παντὸς 1 Luke is leaving out a word that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could supply the word from the context. Alternate translation: “through all hours” 24:53 wa3d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole διὰ παντὸς 1 Luke means that the disciples were in the temple **through all** the hours that the temple was open. Even so, this is an overstatement to emphasize that they went to the temple every day. Alternate translation: “every day” 24:53 edm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ 1 Only priests were allowed to enter the **temple** building. Luke is using the word for the entire building to refer to one part of it. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” -24:53 pex4 εὐλογοῦντες τὸν Θεόν 1 Alternate translation: “worshiping God” +24:53 pex4 εὐλογοῦντες τὸν Θεόν 1 Alternate translation: “worshiping God” \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tn_MAT.tsv b/tn_MAT.tsv index 410dcea236..63056cfbaf 100644 --- a/tn_MAT.tsv +++ b/tn_MAT.tsv @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 4:1 wy4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πειρασθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the devil could tempt Jesus” 4:2 cft7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα καὶ νύκτας τεσσεράκοντα 1 The phrase **40 days and 40 nights** refers to 40 periods of 24 hours in a row. Matthew means that Jesus fasted for 40 full days. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “for 40 straight days” 4:3 nfiu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ πειράζων 1 Here, the phrase **the one tempting** refers to the devil, whom Matthew already mentioned in [4:1](../04/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the one tempting, the devil,” or “the devil, who was tempting him,” -4:3 oyws rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται 1 The devil is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that the **stones** will only **become bread** if Jesus is **the Son of God**. The devil is speaking as if it is uncertain who Jesus is in order to challenge him to do this miracle to prove that he really is the Son of God. Use a natural form in your language for introducing something that could be true. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are the Son of God by speaking so that these stones might become bread” +4:3 oyws rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται 1 The devil is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that the **stones** will only **become loaves** if Jesus is **the Son of God**. The devil is speaking as if it is uncertain who Jesus is in order to challenge him to do this miracle to prove that he really is the Son of God. Use a natural form in your language for introducing something that could be true. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are the Son of God by speaking so that these stones might become loaves” 4:3 c1ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Υἱὸς & τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 The phrase **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus. 4:3 vpnf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται 1 Here the devil wants Jesus to tell the **stones** to **become bread**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “tell these stones to become bread” or “speak words that make these stones become bread” 4:3 uyv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “speak to these stones, ‘Become bread!’” @@ -1791,10 +1791,10 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 12:2 dkze rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations ἰδοὺ 1 Here, the word **behold** is meant to draw the attention of Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the person to listen or pay attention. Alternate translation: “See” or “Pay attention:” 12:2 x6pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σου 1 Here, the word **your** is singular since the Pharisees are speaking to Jesus. 12:2 swl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ποιοῦσιν ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν ποιεῖν ἐν Σαββάτῳ 1 The Pharisees considered even the small action of picking heads of grain to be harvesting, and therefore work. This kind of work was prohibited on the **Sabbath**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “are harvesting grain, and that is work that is not lawful to do on the Sabbath” -12:3-4 d712 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ, ὅτε ἐπείνασεν καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ & πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως ἔφαγεν, ὃ οὐκ ἐξὸν ἦν αὐτῷ φαγεῖν, οὐδὲ τοῖς μετ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν μόνοις? 1 Jesus is using the question form to show the Pharisees that they should have learned a principle from the story about **David** that indicates that they are wrong to criticize the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have not understood what you have read about what David did when he was hungry, and the ones with him—how he went into the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which was not lawful for him to eat nor for the ones with him, except only for the priests.” -12:3-4 ov8o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ, ὅτε ἐπείνασεν καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ & πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως ἔφαγεν, ὃ οὐκ ἐξὸν ἦν αὐτῷ φαγεῖν, οὐδὲ τοῖς μετ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν μόνοις? 1 Here Jesus refers to a story about **David** before he became king. The current king, Saul was trying to kill David. So, David ran away to the priest who was serving God at the time. David and the men who ran away with him were very hungry, so they asked the priest for food. The priest gave them the special bread that was laid out in God’s presence every day, and David and his men ate this bread. You can read this story in [1 Samuel 21:1–6](../1sa/21/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could include some extra information in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “Have you not read what David did when he was hungry after he escaped from King Saul, who wanted to kill him? He and the ones with him visited the priest, went into the house of God, and ate the bread of the Presence, which was not lawful for him to eat nor for the ones with him, except only for the priests.” +12:3-4 d712 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ, ὅτε ἐπείνασεν καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ & πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως ἔφαγεν, ὃ οὐκ ἐξὸν ἦν αὐτῷ φαγεῖν, οὐδὲ τοῖς μετ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν μόνοις? 1 Jesus is using the question form to show the Pharisees that they should have learned a principle from the story about **David** that indicates that they are wrong to criticize the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have not understood what you have read about what David did when he was hungry, and the ones with him—how he went into the house of God and ate the loaves of the Presence, which was not lawful for him to eat nor for the ones with him, except only for the priests.” +12:3-4 ov8o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ, ὅτε ἐπείνασεν καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ & πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως ἔφαγεν, ὃ οὐκ ἐξὸν ἦν αὐτῷ φαγεῖν, οὐδὲ τοῖς μετ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν μόνοις? 1 Here Jesus refers to a story about **David** before he became king. The current king, Saul was trying to kill David. So, David ran away to the priest who was serving God at the time. David and the men who ran away with him were very hungry, so they asked the priest for food. The priest gave them the special bread that was laid out in God’s presence every day, and David and his men ate this bread. You can read this story in [1 Samuel 21:1–6](../1sa/21/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could include some extra information in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “Have you not read what David did when he was hungry after he escaped from King Saul, who wanted to kill him? He and the ones with him visited the priest, went into the house of God, and ate the loaves of the Presence, which was not lawful for him to eat nor for the ones with him, except only for the priests.” 12:4 u3ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here Jesus uses the phrase **the house of God** to refer to the tabernacle, the place where God’s presence was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the tabernacle” or “the sanctuary” -12:4 ue7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως 1 The phrase **the bread of the Presence** refers to loaves of bread that were placed every day on a table in the tabernacle or temple as an offering to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the bread that was presented to God” or “the bread that was placed in God’s presence every morning” +12:4 ue7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως 1 The phrase **the loaves of the Presence** refers to loaves of bread that were placed every day on a table in the tabernacle or temple as an offering to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the loaves that were presented to God” or “the bread that was placed in God’s presence every morning” 12:4 lkx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν μόνοις 1 Here Jesus indicates that the only people who were allowed to eat this **bread** were **the priests**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that introduces this kind of exception. Alternate translation: “since only the priests could eat it” or “which was lawful only for the priests to eat” 12:5 f79q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἢ οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε ἐν τῷ νόμῳ, ὅτι τοῖς Σάββασιν οἱ ἱερεῖς ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τὸ Σάββατον βεβηλοῦσιν, καὶ ἀναίτιοί εἰσιν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to show the Pharisees that they should have learned a principle from the laws about priests working on **the Sabbath** that indicates that they are wrong to criticize the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Again, you have not understood what you have read in the law about how on the Sabbaths the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath, but are innocent.” 12:5 bkjv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases ἢ 1 Here, the word **Or** introduces a second example from the Scriptures that Jesus uses to prove his point. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces another example. Alternate translation: “Similarly,” or “Further,” @@ -2670,8 +2670,8 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:32 lmax ἐκλυθῶσιν 1 Alternate translation: “they might become weary” or “they might lose their strength” 15:32 q1dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ 1 Here, Jesus implies that the people would be walking **on the way** to their homes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “on the way to their homes” or “while they going home” 15:33 plpn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγουσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” -15:33 uhi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πόθεν ἡμῖν ἐν ἐρημίᾳ, ἄρτοι τοσοῦτοι ὥστε χορτάσαι ὄχλον τοσοῦτον? 1 The disciples are using the question form to tell Jesus that they do not have enough food for the crowd. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is impossible for us in a desolate place to find enough bread so as to satisfy so large a crowd.” or “There is certainly no place in this desolate area where we can get enough bread to satisfy so large a crowd!” -15:33 m719 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἄρτοι 1 The disciples are using **bread** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food” +15:33 uhi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πόθεν ἡμῖν ἐν ἐρημίᾳ, ἄρτοι τοσοῦτοι ὥστε χορτάσαι ὄχλον τοσοῦτον? 1 The disciples are using the question form to tell Jesus that they do not have enough food for the crowd. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is impossible for us in a desolate place to find enough loaves so as to satisfy so large a crowd.” or “There is certainly no place in this desolate area where we can get enough loaves to satisfy so large a crowd!” +15:33 m719 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἄρτοι 1 The disciples are using **loaves** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food” 15:34 f4lf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” 15:34 hbte rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἄρτους 1 See how you translated **loaves** in [14:17](../14/17.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread” 15:34 k86l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἑπτά, καὶ 1 The disciples are leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “We have seven loaves and” @@ -2710,7 +2710,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 16:4 fhx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the Pharisees and Sadducees who had asked for a sign (see [16:1](../16/01.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the people who asked him for a sign” or “those Pharisees and Sadducees” 16:4 d9eq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπῆλθεν 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples went away” 16:5 ii6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” -16:5 xyrg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθόντες οἱ μαθηταὶ εἰς τὸ πέραν, ἐπελάθοντο ἄρτους λαβεῖν 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples **forgot** the **bread** before they traveled **to the other side**, but they realized that they had forgotten it when they reached **the other side**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the disciples forgot to take bread with them, and when they came to the other side, they realized that they had forgotten” or “the disciples, having come to the other side, recognized that they had forgotten to take bread” +16:5 xyrg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθόντες οἱ μαθηταὶ εἰς τὸ πέραν, ἐπελάθοντο ἄρτους λαβεῖν 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples **forgot** the **loaves** before they traveled **to the other side**, but they realized that they had forgotten it when they reached **the other side**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the disciples forgot to take loaves with them, and when they came to the other side, they realized that they had forgotten” or “the disciples, having come to the other side, recognized that they had forgotten to take loaves” 16:5 whsi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθόντες 1 Here Matthew implies that both the disciples and Jesus came to the other side. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when they and Jesus came” 16:5 upyi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” 16:5 si9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ πέραν 1 Here Matthew implies that they traveled to **the other side** of the Sea of Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the other side of the lake” @@ -2720,12 +2720,12 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 16:6 gs4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **yeast** that **the Pharisees and Sadducees** have or use. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the yeast that the Pharisees and Sadducees have” 16:6 hfz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 Here, **yeast** is a metaphor that refers to what the Pharisees and Sadducees teach. However, the disciples did not immediately understand that Jesus was using a metaphor; instead, they do not realize what **yeast** refers to until [16:12](../16/12.md). So, you should preserve the metaphor here without explaining its meaning, since Matthew will give an explanation in [16:12](../16/12.md). 16:7 p6hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν ἑαυτοῖς 1 Here, the phrase **among themselves** could mean: (1) that the disciples **were reasoning** with each other. Alternate translation: “with one another” (2) that the disciples were thinking this without saying it. Alternate translation: “within themselves” -16:7 jx1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἐλάβομεν 1 Here, the word translated **because** could introduce: (1) what the disciples think might be the reason for why Jesus said what he did about yeast. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘He said that because we did not take bread’” (2) what the disciples say. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘We did not take bread’” -16:7 t9om rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations λέγοντες, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἐλάβομεν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “saying that it was because they did not take bread” +16:7 jx1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἐλάβομεν 1 Here, the word translated **because** could introduce: (1) what the disciples think might be the reason for why Jesus said what he did about yeast. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘He said that because we did not take loaves’” (2) what the disciples say. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘We did not take loaves’” +16:7 t9om rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations λέγοντες, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἐλάβομεν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “saying that it was because they did not take loaves” 16:7 wyua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὅτι 1 Here the disciples imply that they are giving a reason for why Jesus said what he did about yeast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus has spoken about yeast because” 16:7 mmzt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive οὐκ ἐλάβομεν 1 By **we**, the disciples mean themselves but not Jesus, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 16:8 ekph rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” -16:8 zz4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ὀλιγόπιστοι, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχετε? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You of little faith! Do not reason among yourselves that you do not have bread!” or “You of little faith, it is wrong for you to be reasoning among yourselves that you do not have bread.” +16:8 zz4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ὀλιγόπιστοι, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχετε? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You of little faith! Do not reason among yourselves that you do not have loaves!” or “You of little faith, it is wrong for you to be reasoning among yourselves that you do not have loaves.” 16:8 mg8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὀλιγόπιστοι 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “You who believe so little” 16:8 ia8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν ἑαυτοῖς 1 Here, much as in [16:7](../16/07.md), the phrase **among yourselves** could mean: (1) that the disciples were **reasoning** with each other. Alternate translation: “with one another” (2) that the disciples were thinking this without saying it. Alternate translation: “within yourselves” 16:9 h5bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὔπω νοεῖτε, οὐδὲ μνημονεύετε τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους τῶν πεντακισχιλίων, καὶ πόσους κοφίνους ἐλάβετε? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation.Alternate translation: “You do not yet perceive nor remember the five loaves of the 5,000, and how many baskets you received!” or “I am disappointed that you do not yet perceive nor remember the five loaves of the 5,000, and how many baskets you received.” @@ -2741,13 +2741,13 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 16:10 npb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν τετρακισχιλίων 1 Matthew is using the number **4,000** as a noun to mean 4,000 men. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of the 4,000 men” 16:10 jnkk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σπυρίδας 1 Here Jesus implies that the **baskets** were full of leftover food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “baskets full of leftovers” 16:10 vcgl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σπυρίδας 1 See how you translated **baskets** in [15:37](../15/37.md). Alternate translation: “boxes” or “containers” -16:11 mb2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πῶς οὐ νοεῖτε, ὅτι οὐ περὶ ἄρτων εἶπον ὑμῖν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You do not perceive that I did not speak to you about bread!” or “I am disappointed that you do not perceive that I did not speak to you about bread.” +16:11 mb2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πῶς οὐ νοεῖτε, ὅτι οὐ περὶ ἄρτων εἶπον ὑμῖν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You do not perceive that I did not speak to you about loaves!” or “I am disappointed that you do not perceive that I did not speak to you about loaves.” 16:11 nw24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus really wants to say about **yeast** in contrast to simply speaking **about bread**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Rather,” 16:11 g16r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 Here, just as in [16:6](../16/06.md), Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **yeast** that **the Pharisees and Sadducees** have or use. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the yeast that the Pharisees and Sadducees have” 16:11 i7x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 Here, just as in [16:6](../16/06.md), **yeast** is a metaphor that refers to what the Pharisees and Sadducees teach. However, the disciples did not immediately understand that Jesus was using a metaphor; instead, they do not realize what **yeast** refers to until [16:12](../16/12.md). So, you should preserve the metaphor here without explaining its meaning, since Matthew will give an explanation in [16:12](../16/12.md).\n 16:12 f73l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns συνῆκαν 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the disciples. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “the disciples understood” -16:12 f4p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure οὐκ εἶπεν προσέχειν ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν ἄρτων, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ τῆς διδαχῆς τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 If your language would not naturally put the negative statement before the positive statement, you could reverse the two clauses here. Alternate translation: “he had told them to guard from the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees, not from the yeast of the bread” -16:12 b4h9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῆς ζύμης τῶν ἄρτων 1 Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe **yeast** that people use to make **bread**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the yeast used to make bread” +16:12 f4p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure οὐκ εἶπεν προσέχειν ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν ἄρτων, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ τῆς διδαχῆς τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 If your language would not naturally put the negative statement before the positive statement, you could reverse the two clauses here. Alternate translation: “he had told them to guard from the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees, not from the yeast of loaves” +16:12 b4h9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῆς ζύμης τῶν ἄρτων 1 Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe **yeast** that people use to make **loaves**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the yeast used to make loaves” 16:12 d990 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ 1 Matthew is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but to guard from” 16:12 t740 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς διδαχῆς τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **teaching**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the things that the Pharisees and Sadducees taught” 16:13 e5cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” @@ -5314,4 +5314,4 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 28:20 tzf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense εἰμι 1 Here Jesus uses the present tense to describe something that is true during the time period that he describes. Use whatever tense is natural in your language for referring to this time period. Alternate translation: “will continue to be” 28:20 cmdj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας 1 Here, the phrase **all the days** indicates that something happens or is true every day, that is, always. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “always” 28:20 si8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Here, the phrase **the end of the age** refers to when the current time period will cease and a new age will begin. If your language has a way to refer to the end of the way things are now, you could use it here, or you could use a descriptive phrase. Alternate translation: “until the end of the world” or “until the moment in the future when the current way of doing things will cease” -28:20 caew rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Many ancient manuscripts do not include anything after the word **age**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts include the word “Amen” after Jesus ends his speech with the word **age**. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. +28:20 caew rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants τοῦ αἰῶνος 1 Many ancient manuscripts do not include anything after the word **age**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts include the word “Amen” after Jesus ends his speech with the word **age**. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tn_MRK.tsv b/tn_MRK.tsv index e2af8ead1d..2121c9263b 100644 --- a/tn_MRK.tsv +++ b/tn_MRK.tsv @@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 1:44 plof rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimony**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “so that it testifies to them” 1:44 a6tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῖς 1 The pronoun **them** could refer to: (1) Jewish people in general. Alternate translation: “to people” (2) the priests specifically. Alternate translation: “to the priests” 1:45 yjjc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξελθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out” -1:45 i91a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism κηρύσσειν πολλὰ καὶ διαφημίζειν τὸν λόγον 1 The phrases **to proclaim often** and **to report the word** mean similar things. Mark is using the two phrases together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single clause. Alternate translation: “to proclaim the word often” or “to report the word often” +1:45 i91a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism κηρύσσειν πολλὰ καὶ διαφημίζειν τὸν λόγον 1 The phrases **to proclaim often** and **to report the word** mean similar things. Mark is using the two phrases together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single clause. Alternate translation: “to proclaim the word much” or “to report the word much” 1:45 ov5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον 1 Here, **word** represents what the man said about how Jesus healed him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what Jesus had done for him” 1:45 b9n2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὥστε μηκέτι αὐτὸν δύνασθαι φανερῶς εἰς πόλιν εἰσελθεῖν 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus **was able no longer to enter into a town openly** because people who had heard about him would crowd around him so much. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “so that, because so many people would crowd around him, he was able no longer to enter into a town openly” 1:45 tq0w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἤρχοντο 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “going” instead of **coming**. Alternate translation: “they were going” @@ -299,13 +299,13 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 2:24 h41a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί ποιοῦσιν τοῖς Σάββασιν ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν? 1 The Pharisees are using the question form to confront Jesus about the behavior of his disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “they are doing what is not lawful on the Sabbaths.” or “they should certainly not be doing what is not lawful on the Sabbaths!” 2:24 ec3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ποιοῦσιν τοῖς Σάββασιν ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν 1 The Pharisees considered even the small action of picking heads of grain to be harvesting, and therefore work. This kind of work was prohibited on the Sabbath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “are they harvesting grain, which is work that is not lawful to do on the Sabbaths” 2:24 bf8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τοῖς Σάββασιν 1 See how you translated this phrase in [2:23](../02/23.md). Alternate translation: “on any of the Sabbath days” or “during a Sabbath day” -2:25-26 g8sf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ, ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχεν καὶ ἐπείνασεν, αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ & πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπὶ Ἀβιαθὰρ ἀρχιερέως, καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως ἔφαγεν, οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν, εἰ μὴ τοὺς ἱερεῖς; καὶ ἔδωκεν καὶ τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ οὖσιν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to show the Pharisees that they should have learned a principle from the story about **David** that indicates that they are wrong to criticize the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have not understood what you have read about what David did when he had need and was hungry, he and the ones with him—how he went into the house of God in the time of Abiathar the high priest and ate the bread of the presence, which is not lawful to eat except for the priests, and he also gave to the ones being with him.” -2:25-26 jyt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ, ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχεν καὶ ἐπείνασεν, αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ & πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπὶ Ἀβιαθὰρ ἀρχιερέως, καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως ἔφαγεν, οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν, εἰ μὴ τοὺς ἱερεῖς; καὶ ἔδωκεν καὶ τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ οὖσιν? 1 Here Jesus refers to a story about **David** before he became king. The current king, Saul was trying to kill David. So, David ran away to the priest who was serving God at the time, **Abiathar**. David and the men who ran away with him were very hungry, so they asked the Abiathar for food. Abiathar gave them the special bread that was laid out in God’s presence every day, and David and his men ate this bread. You can read this story in [1 Samuel 21:1–6](../1sa/21/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could include some extra information in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “Have you never read what David did when he had need and was hungry after he and the ones with him escaped from King Saul, who wanted to kill him? He visited the high priest Abiathar, went into the house of God, and ate the bread of the presence, which was not lawful to eat except for the priests. He also gave some of it to the ones being with him.” +2:25-26 g8sf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ, ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχεν καὶ ἐπείνασεν, αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ & πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπὶ Ἀβιαθὰρ ἀρχιερέως, καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως ἔφαγεν, οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν, εἰ μὴ τοὺς ἱερεῖς; καὶ ἔδωκεν καὶ τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ οὖσιν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to show the Pharisees that they should have learned a principle from the story about **David** that indicates that they are wrong to criticize the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have not understood what you have read about what David did when he had need and was hungry, he and the ones with him—how he went into the house of God in the time of Abiathar the high priest and ate the loaves of the presence, which is not lawful to eat except for the priests, and he also gave to the ones being with him.” +2:25-26 jyt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ, ὅτε χρείαν ἔσχεν καὶ ἐπείνασεν, αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ & πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπὶ Ἀβιαθὰρ ἀρχιερέως, καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως ἔφαγεν, οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν, εἰ μὴ τοὺς ἱερεῖς; καὶ ἔδωκεν καὶ τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ οὖσιν? 1 Here Jesus refers to a story about **David** before he became king. The current king, Saul was trying to kill David. So, David ran away to the priest who was serving God at the time, **Abiathar**. David and the men who ran away with him were very hungry, so they asked the Abiathar for food. Abiathar gave them the special bread that was laid out in God’s presence every day, and David and his men ate this bread. You can read this story in [1 Samuel 21:1–6](../1sa/21/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could include some extra information in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “Have you never read what David did when he had need and was hungry after he and the ones with him escaped from King Saul, who wanted to kill him? He visited the high priest Abiathar, went into the house of God, and ate the loaves of the presence, which was not lawful to eat except for the priests. He also gave some of it to the ones being with him.” 2:25 wxd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε 1 Because Jesus is speaking to the Pharisees, the word **you** is plural. 2:25 cjzx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit χρείαν ἔσχεν 1 Here Jesus is implying that David did not have everything that he needed, especially food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he had need of something to eat” 2:26 nion rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go εἰσῆλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “he came” 2:26 xeac rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Here Jesus uses the phrase **the house of God** to refer to the tabernacle, the place where God’s presence was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the tabernacle” or “the sanctuary” -2:26 y57j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως 1 The phrase **the bread of the presence** refers to loaves of bread that were placed every day on a table in the tabernacle or temple as an offering to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the bread that was presented to God” or “the bread that was placed in God’s presence every morning” +2:26 y57j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως 1 The phrase **the loaves of the presence** refers to loaves of bread that were placed every day on a table in the tabernacle or temple as an offering to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the loaves that were presented to God” or “the loaves of bread that were placed in God’s presence every morning” 2:26 wz3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν, εἰ μὴ τοὺς ἱερεῖς 1 If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “which is lawful for only the priests to eat” 2:27 fse5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs τὸ Σάββατον διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο, καὶ οὐχ ὁ ἄνθρωπος διὰ τὸ Σάββατον 1 Here, Jesus uses or invents a proverb in order to teach that God set up the **Sabbath** for the sake of people. Translate this proverb in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “Humans were made first, and then the Sabbath was set up because of them. It is not true that the Sabbath was set up first, and then humans were made because of it” 2:27 i374 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τὸ Σάββατον διὰ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God made the Sabbath for man” @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 3:11 tful rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction προσέπιπτον αὐτῷ 1 In Mark’s culture, the phrase **falling down before him** refers to kneeling down and putting one’s face close to the ground in front of someone. This was a position used to show respect and reverence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression for a physical position used to show respect or worship, or you could express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “they were throwing themselves on the ground before him” or “they were lying down before him to show respect” 3:11 ogev rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντα 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” 3:11 xf41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship with God the Father. -3:12 w7to rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations αὐτοῖς, ἵνα μὴ αὐτὸν φανερὸν ποιήσωσιν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “them, ‘Do not make me known.’” +3:12 w7to rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations πολλὰ & αὐτοῖς, ἵνα μὴ αὐτὸν φανερὸν ποιήσωσιν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “them much, ‘Do not make me known.’” 3:12 wypa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μὴ αὐτὸν φανερὸν ποιήσωσιν 1 Here, the phrase **make him known** refers to telling people who Jesus was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they might not say who he was” or “they might not speak about him” 3:13 zq1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,” 3:13 dfy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀναβαίνει 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “comes” instead of **goes**. Alternate translation: “he comes up” @@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 5:9 h6ch rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result Λεγιὼν ὄνομά μοι, ὅτι πολλοί ἐσμεν. 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “We are many, so my name is Legion” 5:9 oa64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Λεγιὼν 1 A **Legion** is the name of a group of about 6,000 soldiers. So, translate the word **Legion** with a word in your language that refers to a large number of soldiers. You could show that this was the name of the man by using the convention in your language for proper names. Alternate translation: “is Army” or “is Battalion” or “is Brigade” 5:9 pdyp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πολλοί ἐσμεν 1 Here the demon indicates that he is speaking for many demons who are together controlling the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I and the other demons with me are many” -5:10 gtq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations πολλὰ, ἵνα μὴ αὐτὰ ἀποστείλῃ ἔξω τῆς χώρας 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “often, ‘Do not send us demons out of this region’” or “often, ‘Do not send the legion of demons out of this region’” +5:10 gtq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations πολλὰ, ἵνα μὴ αὐτὰ ἀποστείλῃ ἔξω τῆς χώρας 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “much, ‘Do not send us demons out of this region’” or “much, ‘Do not send the legion of demons out of this region’” 5:11 jvrk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 Mark uses the word **But** to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. It does not introduce another event in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile,” or “At the same time,” 5:12 ttpu rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” 5:12 kkf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πέμψον ἡμᾶς εἰς τοὺς χοίρους 1 Here the demons imply that they want Jesus to **Send** them **into the pigs** when Jesus casts them out of the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Whenever you cast us out of this man, send us into the pigs” @@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 5:42 m49c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐξέστησαν εὐθὺς 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they immediately marveled” 5:42 p1dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐξέστησαν εὐθὺς ἐκστάσει μεγάλῃ 1 Here, the phrase **astonished with great amazement** means that they were extremely astonished. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they were immediately extremely astonished” or “they were immediately totally amazed” 5:42 atv7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐκστάσει μεγάλῃ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **amazement**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and greatly amazed” -5:43 po7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations αὐτοῖς & ἵνα μηδεὶς γνοῖ τοῦτο 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “them, ‘No one must know about this’” +5:43 po7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations αὐτοῖς πολλὰ ἵνα μηδεὶς γνοῖ τοῦτο 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “them much, ‘No one must know about this’” 5:43 wcr2 μηδεὶς γνοῖ τοῦτο 1 Alternate translation: “they should let no one know about this” 5:43 n29k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations εἶπεν δοθῆναι αὐτῇ φαγεῖν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “he said, ‘Something should be given to her to eat’” 5:43 j8ro rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive δοθῆναι αὐτῇ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that would be the girl’s parents. Alternate translation: “her parents should give her something” @@ -906,14 +906,14 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 6:18 e2ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations τῷ Ἡρῴδῃ, ὅτι οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἔχειν τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “to Herod that it was not lawful for him to have the wife of his brother” 6:18 vl4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σοι & σου 1 Because John is speaking to Herod, the words **you** and **your** are singular. 6:18 psjw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship ἀδελφοῦ σου 1 See how you translated **brother** in [6:17](../06/17.md). Alternate translation: “of your older brother” -6:19-20 lj6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge ἡ δὲ Ἡρῳδιὰς ἐνεῖχεν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἤθελεν αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι, καὶ οὐκ ἠδύνατο & ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης ἐφοβεῖτο τὸν Ἰωάννην, εἰδὼς αὐτὸν ἄνδρα δίκαιον καὶ ἅγιον, καὶ συνετήρει αὐτόν; καὶ ἀκούσας αὐτοῦ, πολλὰ ἠπόρει, καὶ ἡδέως αὐτοῦ ἤκουεν 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [6:19](../06/19.md) and [6:20](../06/20.md) into a verse bridge, as the UST does, in order to include the reasons why Herodias **was not able** to kill John before stating that she was not able to kill him. Alternate translation: “But Herodias was angry with him and was wanting to kill him. But Herod was fearing John, knowing him {to be} a righteous and holy man, and he was keeping him safe, and having heard him, he was greatly perplexed, yet he was listening to him gladly. So, Herodias was not able to kill him” +6:19-20 lj6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge ἡ δὲ Ἡρῳδιὰς ἐνεῖχεν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἤθελεν αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι, καὶ οὐκ ἠδύνατο & ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης ἐφοβεῖτο τὸν Ἰωάννην, εἰδὼς αὐτὸν ἄνδρα δίκαιον καὶ ἅγιον, καὶ συνετήρει αὐτόν; καὶ ἀκούσας αὐτοῦ, πολλὰ ἠπόρει, καὶ ἡδέως αὐτοῦ ἤκουεν 1 If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [6:19](../06/19.md) and [6:20](../06/20.md) into a verse bridge, as the UST does, in order to include the reasons why Herodias **was not able** to kill John before stating that she was not able to kill him. Alternate translation: “But Herodias was angry with him and was wanting to kill him. But Herod was fearing John, knowing him {to be} a righteous and holy man, and he was keeping him safe, and having heard him, he was much perplexed, yet he was listening to him gladly. So, Herodias was not able to kill him” 6:19 x35v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἤθελεν αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι 1 Here Mark implies that Herodias wanted to send someone to **kill** John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “was wanting to have him killed” or “was wanting to have Herod’s soldiers kill him” 6:19 ujer rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 2 Here, the word **and** introduces Herodias could actually do in contrast with what she wanted to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “but” 6:19 ft31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οὐκ ἠδύνατο 1 Mark is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “she was not able to kill him” 6:20 lmbc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Herodias was not able to kill John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for something, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “which was because” or “since” 6:20 k13z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit συνετήρει αὐτόν 1 Here Mark implies that Herod kept John **safe** while he was in jail. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he was keeping him safe in prison” -6:20 zcw0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants πολλὰ ἠπόρει 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **he was greatly perplexed**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “he was doing many things.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. -6:20 kciv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πολλὰ ἠπόρει 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was what John said. Alternate translation: “what John said perplexed him greatly” +6:20 zcw0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants πολλὰ ἠπόρει 1 Many ancient manuscripts read **he was much perplexed**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “he was doing many things.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. +6:20 kciv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πολλὰ ἠπόρει 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was what John said. Alternate translation: “what John said perplexed him much” 6:20 l3mo rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 4 Here, the word **and** introduces how Herod listened to John in contrast with how he was **perplexed**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “yet” 6:21 l96u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit γενομένης ἡμέρας εὐκαίρου 1 Here Mark implies that it was **an opportune day** for Herodias to convince Herod to have John executed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a good opportunity for Herodias to kill John having come” or “a day having come when it was a good time for Herodias to have Herod execute John” 6:21 m54q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δεῖπνον ἐποίησεν 1 Here Mark implies that Herod had his servants make **a dinner**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “had his servants make a dinner” @@ -978,9 +978,9 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 6:36 ruhn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative ἀπόλυσον αὐτούς 1 This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “We ask that you send the them away” 6:36 essv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism τοὺς κύκλῳ ἀγροὺς καὶ κώμας 1 Here, Mark is referring to that whole region by naming its two primary parts, the **countryside** and the **villages**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the whole surrounding area” 6:37 cxcw rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus says in a contrast with what the disciples asked him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,” -6:37 cts5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἀπελθόντες, ἀγοράσωμεν δηναρίων διακοσίων ἄρτους, καὶ δώσομεν αὐτοῖς φαγεῖν? 1 The disciples are using the question form to show that Jesus’ command is absurd or impossible. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “We cannot go away and buy 200 denarii of bread and give it to them to eat.” or “We could not go away and buy enough bread to give to them to eat even if we had 200 denarii!” -6:37 c65w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession δηναρίων διακοσίων ἄρτους 1 Here, the disciples are using the possessive form to describe **bread** that is worth **200 denarii**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “bread worth 200 denarii” or “bread with 200 denarii” -6:37 hs21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηναρίων διακοσίων 1 The word **denarii** refers to silver coins, each equivalent to about one day’s wage for a hired worker. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “200 silver coins” or “200 days’ wages” +6:37 cts5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἀπελθόντες, ἀγοράσωμεν δηναρίων διακοσίων ἄρτους, καὶ δώσομεν αὐτοῖς φαγεῖν? 1 The disciples are using the question form to show that Jesus’ command is absurd or impossible. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “We cannot go away and buy loaves of 200 denarii and give them to them to eat.” or “We could not go away and buy enough loaves to give to them to eat even if we had 200 denarii!” +6:37 c65w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession δηναρίων διακοσίων ἄρτους 1 Here, the disciples are using the possessive form to describe **loaves** that are worth **200 denarii**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “loaves worth 200 denarii” or “loaves with 200 denarii” +6:37 hs21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney δηναρίων διακοσίων 1 The word **denarii** refers to silver coins, each equivalent to about one day’s wage for a hired worker. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “of 200 silver coins” or “of 200 days’ wages” 6:38 rw5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus says in a contrast with what the disciples just implied about how impossible it would be for them to feed everyone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,” 6:38 b90s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἄρτους 1 The word **loaves** refers to loaves of bread, which are lumps of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of bread, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread” 6:38 n83x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπάγετε, ἴδετε 1 Here Jesus commands to the disciples to **Go** to where they kept their food and **See** how much they have. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Check your supplies and note what you have” or “Go to where you keep your food and see what is there” @@ -1064,13 +1064,13 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 6:56 zo6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὅσοι ἂν ἥψαντο αὐτοῦ ἐσῴζοντο 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could indicate that was God or Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “God was healing as many as touched it” or “Jesus was healing as many as touched it” 6:56 cir0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοῦ 2 Here, the word translated **it** could: (1) refer to a thing, in this case **the edge** of Jesus’ garment. Alternate translation: “the edge of his garment” (2) refer to a person, in this case Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus” or “him” 7:intro vq1j 0 # Mark 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2. The ministry of Jesus in Galilee (1:14–8:26)\n * Moving away from Galilee and then returning (6:1–8:26)\n * Argument with the Pharisees and scribes about washing hands (7:1–13)\n * Jesus teaches about what defiles people (7:14–23)\n * Jesus meets a Canaanite woman (7:24–30)\n * Jesus heals a man who is deaf and can barely speak (7:31–37)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [7:6–7](../07/06.md), which is a quote from [Isaiah 29:13](../isa/29/13.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The “tradition of the elders”\n\nThe “tradition of the elders” included interpretations of Moses’ law that Jewish religious leaders had developed and passed down to their disciples, and they to their disciples. These interpretations explained what specific laws meant and how to obey them. Jesus rebuked the religious leaders for specific interpretations of the law that he disagreed with. In this chapter, Jesus and the Pharisees argue about washing hands, honoring parents, and giving gifts to God. When you translate the phrase “tradition of the elders,” use a form that refers to teachings that teachers pass down to their students. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/tradition]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/elder]])\n\n### Washing hands before eating\n\nIn [7:5](../07/05.md), the scribes and Pharisees rebuke Jesus for failing to have his disciples wash their hands before eating. One of the traditions that the Pharisees followed was a requirement that people wash their hands before eating. They did this to make their hands ceremonially clean, not primarily to clean off dirt. Make sure that your translation indicates that Jesus and the Pharisees are debating about ceremonial or ritual washing, not washing off dirt.\n\n### The gift for God\n\nIn [7:10–13](../07/10.md), Jesus rebukes the Pharisees for allowing people to promise to give something to God instead of using it to help their parents. Jesus is not saying that giving things to God is wrong. Instead, he is saying that honoring one’s parents is one of the most important commandments that God gave, and no tradition should prevent people from honoring their parents. Make sure that this meaning is clear in your translation.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Things that go in and out of people\n\nIn [7:14–23](../07/14.md), Jesus speaks about things that are outside people and that go into them, and he speaks about things that are inside people and come out of them. When he speaks about things that are outside people and go into them, he is referring more specifically to food and drink. He teaches that these these things do not make people unclean. When he speaks about things that are inside people and go out of them, he is referring more specifically to people’s thoughts and desires that lead to actions. He teaches that these things do make people unclean. Since Jesus explains what he means when he refers to things going in and out of people, if possible preserve the movement and location language.\n\n### Feeding little dogs\n\nIn [7:27](../07/27.md), Jesus tells the Canaanite woman that it is not right to give food that is meant for children to little dogs. In [7:28](../07/28.md), the woman responds that little dogs eat the little bits of food that fall down from what the children are eating. The children represent Jews, and the little dogs represent non-Jews. The food represents things that Jesus does for people. What Jesus means is that he is supposed to do things for Jews first, before he does things for non-Jews. What the woman means is that what she is asking Jesus to do is unimportant enough that he can do it without taking away from what he does for Jews. If possible, do not directly express the meaning of what Jesus and the woman say about little dogs, but make sure that your translation can naturally imply this meaning.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Verse 16\n\nSome of the earliest manuscripts do not include anything for [7:16](../07/16.md). Some early manuscripts and many later manuscripts include the following words: “If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear.” Since the earliest manuscripts do not include these words, the ULT and UST include these words in brackets. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to omit these words. If it would be helpful, you could put the words in brackets or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear when Jesus is talking to groups of people. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 1, 5, 18, 28, 32, and 34. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense]]) -7:1-2 wd6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure καὶ συνάγονται πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καί τινες τῶν γραμματέων, ἐλθόντες ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων & καὶ ἰδόντες τινὰς τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ὅτι κοιναῖς χερσίν, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν ἀνίπτοις, ἐσθίουσιν τοὺς ἄρτους 1 Here, verse 2 could: (1) begin a sentence that continues in verse 5, after being interrupted by explanatory information in verses 3–4. See the ULT. (2) end the sentence that began in verse 1. In this case, the explanatory information in verses 3–4 stands by itself, and a new sentence begins in verse 5. If you use the following alternate translation, you will need to delete the dash at the end of verse 4 and start a new sentence at the beginning of verse 5. Alternate translation: “And the Pharisees and some of the scribes are being gathered to him, having come from Jerusalem and having seen some of his disciples, that they eat bread with defiled hands, that is, unwashed.” (3) be a sentence fragment that stands by itself, with the implication being that the Pharisees disapproved of what they saw. In this case, the explanatory information in verses 3–4 stands by itself, and a new sentence begins in verse 5. If you use the following alternate translation, you will need to delete the dash at the end of verse 4 and start a new sentence at the beginning of verse 5. Alternate translation: “And the Pharisees and some of the scribes, having come from Jerusalem, are being gathered to him. And having seen some of his disciples, that they eat bread with defiled hands, that is, unwashed, they disapproved of that.” +7:1-2 wd6i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure καὶ συνάγονται πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καί τινες τῶν γραμματέων, ἐλθόντες ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων & καὶ ἰδόντες τινὰς τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ὅτι κοιναῖς χερσίν, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν ἀνίπτοις, ἐσθίουσιν τοὺς ἄρτους 1 Here, verse 2 could: (1) begin a sentence that continues in verse 5, after being interrupted by explanatory information in verses 3–4. See the ULT. (2) end the sentence that began in verse 1. In this case, the explanatory information in verses 3–4 stands by itself, and a new sentence begins in verse 5. If you use the following alternate translation, you will need to delete the dash at the end of verse 4 and start a new sentence at the beginning of verse 5. Alternate translation: “And the Pharisees and some of the scribes are being gathered to him, having come from Jerusalem and having seen some of his disciples, that they eat bread with defiled hands, that is, unwashed.” (3) be a sentence fragment that stands by itself, with the implication being that the Pharisees disapproved of what they saw. In this case, the explanatory information in verses 3–4 stands by itself, and a new sentence begins in verse 5. If you use the following alternate translation, you will need to delete the dash at the end of verse 4 and start a new sentence at the beginning of verse 5. Alternate translation: “And the Pharisees and some of the scribes, having come from Jerusalem, are being gathered to him. And having seen some of his disciples, that they eat loaves with defiled hands, that is, unwashed, they disapproved of that.” 7:1 b9ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave And untranslated. Alternate translation: “Sometime later,” 7:1 e2ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit συνάγονται πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι καί τινες τῶν γραμματέων, ἐλθόντες ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων 1 Here Mark could be implying that: (1) both **the Pharisees** and **the scribes** came **from Jerusalem**. Alternate translation: “having come from Jerusalem, the Pharisees and some of the scribes are being gathered to him” (2) only **the scribes** came **from Jerusalem**. Alternate translation: “the Pharisees and some of the scribes who came from Jerusalem are being gathered to him” 7:1 j32n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” 7:1 ye06 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive συνάγονται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “are gathering” or “are coming together” 7:2 ea9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo ἰδόντες τινὰς τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ὅτι & ἐσθίουσιν 1 Here, the phrase **that they eat** refers directly back to the phrase **some of his disciples**. Mark expresses the idea in this way to introduce whom the Pharisees and scribes saw and then explain what they saw them doing. If referring to who were seen and then referring back to them with the phrase **that they eat** would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information. Alternate translation: “having seen some of his disciples eating” -7:2 a7xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἐσθίουσιν τοὺς ἄρτους 1 The Pharisees and scribes are using **bread** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they eat their meals” +7:2 a7xf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἐσθίουσιν τοὺς ἄρτους 1 The Pharisees and scribes are using **loaves** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they eat their meals” 7:2 tmyd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κοιναῖς χερσίν, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν ἀνίπτοις 1 Here Mark explains that **defiled hands** are hands that are **unwashed**. Consider how you might include an explanation like this. Alternate translation: “with unwashed hands, which are defiled” or “with defiled—that is to say, unwashed—hands” 7:3 mj6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background γὰρ 1 Here Mark introduces background information that will help readers understand why the Pharisees and scribes are interested in whether Jesus’ disciples wash their hands. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “that was important to them because” or “now you should know that” 7:3 bj69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ & Φαρισαῖοι καὶ πάντες οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι 1 Here Mark mentions **the Pharisees** separately because they follow this **tradition** particularly strictly. He does not mean that **the Pharisees** are not **Jews**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the Pharisees and all the rest of the Jews” or “especially the Pharisees, but also all the Jews,” @@ -1264,8 +1264,8 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 8:3 yvak ἐκλυθήσονται 1 Alternate translation: “they will become weary” or “they will lose their strength” 8:3 v5m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ 1 Here, Jesus implies that the people would be walking **on the way** to their homes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “on the way to their homes” or “while they going home” 8:3 o0zu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καί τινες αὐτῶν 1 Here, the word **and** introduces something that makes the situation even more difficult. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces something that intensifies the situation. Alternate translation: “and even worse, some of them” or “and that is especially true for those who” -8:4 jdk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πόθεν τούτους δυνήσεταί τις ὧδε χορτάσαι ἄρτων ἐπ’ ἐρημίας? 1 The disciples are using the question form to tell Jesus that they will not be able to find enough food for the crowd. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is impossible for anyone here in a desolate place to satisfy these people with bread.” or “There is certainly nowhere here in this desolate place where anyone is able to get enough bread to satisfy these people!” -8:4 zma4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἄρτων 1 The disciples are using bread to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with food” +8:4 jdk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πόθεν τούτους δυνήσεταί τις ὧδε χορτάσαι ἄρτων ἐπ’ ἐρημίας? 1 The disciples are using the question form to tell Jesus that they will not be able to find enough food for the crowd. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is impossible for anyone here in a desolate place to satisfy these people with loaves.” or “There is certainly nowhere here in this desolate place where anyone is able to get enough loaves to satisfy these people!” +8:4 zma4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἄρτων 1 The disciples are using **loaves** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with food” 8:5 lcov rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἠρώτα αὐτούς, πόσους ἔχετε ἄρτους? οἱ δὲ εἶπαν, ἑπτά 1 It may be more natural in your language to have indirect quotations here. Alternate translation: “he asked them how many loaves they had. And they said that they had seven” 8:5 qm6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἄρτους 1 See how you translated **loaves** in [6:38](../06/38.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread” 8:5 p7k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἑπτά 1 The disciples are leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “We have seven loaves” @@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 8:13 cmz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀπῆλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “he came away” 8:13 u1qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς τὸ πέραν 1 Here Mark implies that Jesus went away **to the other side** of the Sea of Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the other side of the lake” or “to the opposite side of the Sea of Galilee” 8:14 qxvz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background καὶ 1 Here Mark uses the word **And** to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. The word does not introduce another event in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “As for the disciples,” or “As it happened,” -8:14 ldif rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἄρτους 1 Mark is using **bread** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “anything to eat” +8:14 ldif rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἄρτους 1 Mark is using **loaves** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “anything to eat” 8:14 gtg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions εἰ μὴ ἕνα ἄρτον οὐκ εἶχον μεθ’ ἑαυτῶν ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ 1 If, in your language, it would appear that Mark was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “they only had one loaf with them in the boat” 8:14 knfj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἄρτον 1 See how you translated this word in [6:38](../06/38.md). Alternate translation: “large chunk of bread” 8:15 oqwl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said” @@ -1313,11 +1313,11 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 8:15 lt70 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ὁρᾶτε, βλέπετε 1 Here, the word **See** means that the disciples need to make sure that something happens or does not happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Make sure that you watch out” 8:15 mspe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ τῆς ζύμης Ἡρῴδου 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **yeast** that the **Pharisees** and **Herod** have or use. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the yeast that the Pharisees and Sadducees have” 8:15 nszl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ τῆς ζύμης Ἡρῴδου 1 Here, **yeast** is a metaphor that refers to what the **Pharisees** and **Herod** teach and do. However, the disciples did not immediately understand that Jesus was using a metaphor; instead, Jesus has to explain it to them in the following verses. So, you should preserve the metaphor here without explaining its meaning, since Jesus provides an explanation in the following verses. -8:16 fjt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἀλλήλους, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχουσιν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “each other, ‘We have no bread’” +8:16 fjt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἀλλήλους, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχουσιν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “each other, ‘We have no loaves’” 8:16 uqra rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὅτι 1 Here, the word translated **that** could introduce: (1) what the disciples **were reasoning**. Alternate translation: “and saying that” (2) what the disciples think might be the reason for why Jesus said what he did about yeast. Alternate translation: “that Jesus had said that because” -8:16 kh1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἄρτους οὐκ 1 See how you translated **bread** in [8:14](../08/14.md). Alternate translation: “nothing to eat” -8:16 zfw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ἄρτους οὐκ 1 Mark says **no** here as an overstatement for emphasis. The disciples do have one loaf of bread (see [8:14](../08/14.md)) If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “almost no bread” or “only one loaf of bread” -8:17 hnh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί διαλογίζεσθε ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχετε? οὔπω νοεῖτε, οὐδὲ συνίετε? πεπωρωμένην ἔχετε τὴν καρδίαν ὑμῶν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “It is wrong for you to be reasoning that you do not have bread. You do not yet perceive nor understand. Your hearts have become hardened.” or “Do not reason that you do not have bread! I am disappointed that you do not yet perceive nor understand! Your hearts have become hardened!” +8:16 kh1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἄρτους οὐκ 1 See how you translated **loaves** in [8:14](../08/14.md). Alternate translation: “nothing to eat” +8:16 zfw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ἄρτους οὐκ 1 Mark says **no** here as an overstatement for emphasis. The disciples do have one loaf of bread (see [8:14](../08/14.md)) If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “almost no loaves” or “only one loaf of bread” +8:17 hnh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί διαλογίζεσθε ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχετε? οὔπω νοεῖτε, οὐδὲ συνίετε? πεπωρωμένην ἔχετε τὴν καρδίαν ὑμῶν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “It is wrong for you to be reasoning that you do not have loaves. You do not yet perceive nor understand. Your hearts have become hardened.” or “Do not reason that you do not have loaves! I am disappointed that you do not yet perceive nor understand! Your hearts have become hardened!” 8:17 dmt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet οὔπω νοεῖτε, οὐδὲ συνίετε 1 The terms **perceive** and **understand** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Do you not yet know” or “Do you not yet perceive” 8:17 wf6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὔπω νοεῖτε, οὐδὲ συνίετε? 1 Here Jesus is implying that the disciples do not **perceive** or **understand** who Jesus is and what he can do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Do you not yet perceive who I am, nor understand what I can do” 8:17 rq8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πεπωρωμένην ἔχετε τὴν καρδίαν ὑμῶν? 1 Here, Jesus is speaking of the disciples’ **heart** as if it had **become hardened**. He means that the disciples are stubborn and refuse to listen and learn. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Have you become stubborn” or “Have you become unwilling to pay attention” @@ -1552,7 +1552,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 9:25 ul8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ ἄλαλον καὶ κωφὸν πνεῦμα 1 Here the Jesus implies that **the spirit** makes the boy **mute and deaf**, that is, unable to speak or hear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Spirit that makes the boy mute and deaf” 9:25 m3ca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔξελθε ἐξ αὐτοῦ, καὶ μηκέτι εἰσέλθῃς εἰς αὐτόν 1 Here Jesus is commanding the demon to stop possessing or controlling the boy and to never start possessing or controlling him again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “cease controlling him, and never start controlling him again” or “cease possessing him, and never possess him again” 9:25 zd5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἔξελθε 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “go out” -9:26 adb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πολλὰ σπαράξας, αὐτόν 1 Here Mark is referring to a fit or seizure in which a person cannot control his or her body, which shakes violently. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated the similar phrase in [9:20](../09/20.md). Alternate translation: “having caused him to have a powerful seizure”\n +9:26 adb6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πολλὰ σπαράξας, αὐτόν 1 Here Mark is referring to a fit or seizure in which a person cannot control his or her body, which shakes violently. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated the similar phrase in [9:20](../09/20.md). Alternate translation: “having caused him to have a powerful seizure” 9:26 s78v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐξῆλθεν 1 Here Mark means that the demon stopped possessing or controlling the boy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “it no longer controlled him” or “it ceased possessing him” 9:26 i8dz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐξῆλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “it went out” 9:26 n7h8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile ἐγένετο ὡσεὶ νεκρὸς 1 Mark is saying that the boy was like **a dead {person}** because he was lying so still and quietly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he became so quiet and still that he was like a dead person” or “he lay completely still on the ground, like a dead person” @@ -3073,7 +3073,7 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 15:47 yexp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Μαρία ἡ Ἰωσῆτος 1 The word **Mary** is the name of a woman, the same woman whom Mark referred to in [15:40](../15/40.md). This **Mary** was not **Mary Magdalene** nor Mary the mother of Jesus. Mark identifies her instead as **the {mother} of Joses**. 15:47 m782 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ἰωσῆτος 1 The word **Joses** is also the name of a man, the same man whom Mark referred to in [15:40](../15/40.md). This **Joses** is not Jesus’ brother. 15:47 v3wu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τέθειται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Joseph of Arimathea. Alternate translation: “Joseph of Arimathea had put him” -16:intro j5yz 0 # Mark 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n5. The death of Christ and the empty tomb (14:1–16:8)\n * The three women learn that Jesus has risen (16:1–8)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The “young man”\n\nMark indicates that a “young man” clothed in white was sitting inside the tomb. He implies that this “young man” was an angel who appeared in human form. This is supported by how Matthew tells the story, since he indicates explicitly that an angel was at the tomb (see [Matthew 28:2–7](../mat/28/02.md)). Both Luke mentions two men at the tomb, whom he implies are angels ([Luke 24:4–7](../luk/24/04.md)), and John refers to two angels ([John 20:12–13](../jhn/20/12.md)). It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULT without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could include some information about these men, or angels, in a footnote.\n\n### The resurrection\n\nMark does not narrate the resurrection, but he does indicate that the stone was rolled away from the tomb and that an angel in the form of a young man told the women that Jesus had resurrected. It is not clear exactly when Jesus actually rose from the dead, although it is clear that this happened before the tomb was opened. When Jesus rose from the dead, he was a living human being again, and he could never die again. Make sure that it is clear that Jesus came back to life as a living human being.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nAll the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that are given to groups of people. Because of this, all forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 2, 4, and 6. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense]])\n\n### The ending of Mark’s gospel\n\nVarious ancient manuscripts include at least four different endings to Mark’s gospel. However, only two of the possible endings are supported by the earliest and most reliable manuscripts. First, some early manuscripts and many later manuscripts include the words in [16:9–20](../16/09.md). Second, some early manuscripts, ones that scholars consider to be the most reliable, do not include any words after [16:8](../16/08.md). Most scholars think that [16:9–20](../16/09.md) were added to the gospel by someone other than Mark. Because these words are not included by the earliest manuscripts, the ULT and UST include them in brackets, and there are no translation notes on these verses. If you do include these verses in your translation, it is recommended that you put them in a footnote or in brackets to indicate that Mark probably did not write them. +16:intro j5yz 0 # Mark 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n5. The death of Christ and the empty tomb (14:1–16:8)\n * The three women learn that Jesus has risen (16:1–8)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The “young man”\n\nMark indicates that a “young man” clothed in white was sitting inside the tomb. He implies that this “young man” was an angel who appeared in human form. This is supported by how Matthew tells the story, since he indicates explicitly that an angel was at the tomb (see [Matthew 28:2–7](../mat/28/02.md)). Both Luke mentions two men at the tomb, whom he implies are angels ([Luke 24:4–7](../luk/24/04.md)), and John refers to two angels ([John 20:12–13](../jhn/20/12.md)). It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULT without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could include some information about these men, or angels, in a footnote.\n\n### The resurrection\n\nMark does not narrate the resurrection, but he does indicate that the stone was rolled away from the tomb and that an angel in the form of a young man told the women that Jesus had resurrected. It is not clear exactly when Jesus actually rose from the dead, although it is clear that this happened before the tomb was opened. When Jesus rose from the dead, he was a living human being again, and he could never die again. Make sure that it is clear that Jesus came back to life as a living human being.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nAll the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that are given to groups of people. Because of this, all forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The historic present\n\nTo call attention to a development in the story, Mark uses the present tense in past narration. In this chapter, the historic present occurs in verses 2, 4, and 6. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense]])\n\n### The ending of Mark’s gospel\n\nVarious ancient manuscripts include at least four different endings to Mark’s Gospel. However, only two of the possible endings are supported by the earliest and most reliable manuscripts. First, some early manuscripts and many later manuscripts include the words in [16:9–20](../16/09.md). Second, some early manuscripts, ones that scholars consider to be the most reliable, do not include any words after [16:8](../16/08.md). Most scholars think that [16:9–20](../16/09.md) were added to the Gospel by someone other than Mark. Because these words are not included by the earliest manuscripts, the ULT and UST include them in brackets, and there are no translation notes on these verses. If you do include these verses in your translation, it is recommended that you put them in a footnote or in brackets to indicate that Mark probably did not write them. 16:1 c21a rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” 16:1 p61n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit διαγενομένου τοῦ Σαββάτου 1 Here Mark indicates that the sun had set on Saturday, which meant that **the Sabbath** had ended. The three women were now permitted to do work, like buying **spices**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when it was evening and the Sabbath had ended” or “the Sabbath having passed at sunset and the period of rest having ended” 16:1 fd3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure ἡ Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ, καὶ Μαρία ἡ Ἰακώβου, καὶ Σαλώμη 1 Consider how you might naturally include a list of three women with descriptions of them. The UST has moved **Salome** earlier in the list so that it is clear that she is not one of the children of **Mary**. Alternate translation: “Mary Magdalene and Salome and Mary the mother of James” @@ -3111,4 +3111,4 @@ front:intro r2f2 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Mark\n\n## Part 1: General 16:8 sh40 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἶχεν & αὐτὰς τρόμος καὶ ἔκστασις 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **amazement**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “they were trembling and greatly amazed” 16:8 trqu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys τρόμος καὶ ἔκστασις 1 Here Mark implies that the women were **trembling** because of their **amazement**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “trembling because of amazement” 16:8 feiu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result οὐδενὶ οὐδὲν εἶπον; ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “because they were afraid, they said nothing to anyone” -16:8 ydb0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐδενὶ οὐδὲν εἶπον 1 The words translated **nothing** and **to anyone** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “they told no one anything”\n +16:8 ydb0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐδενὶ οὐδὲν εἶπον 1 The words translated **nothing** and **to anyone** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “they told no one anything”\n \ No newline at end of file