diff --git a/tn_MAT.tsv b/tn_MAT.tsv index 42781c393f..8680c4a49a 100644 --- a/tn_MAT.tsv +++ b/tn_MAT.tsv @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note -front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the book of Matthew\n\n1. The birth of Jesus Christ and the beginning of his ministry (1:1-4:25)\n1. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:28)\n1. Jesus illustrates the kingdom of God through acts of healing (8:1-9:34)\n1. Jesus teaches about mission and the kingdom (9:35-10:42)\n1. Jesus teaches about the gospel of the kingdom of God. Opposition to Jesus begins. (11:1-12:50)\n1. Jesus tells parables about the kingdom of God (13:1-52)\n1. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53-17:57)\n1. Jesus teaches about life in the kingdom of God (18:1-35)\n1. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1-22:46)\n1. Jesus teaches about the final judgment and salvation (23:1-25:46)\n1. The crucifixion of Jesus, his death and resurrection (26:1-28:19)\n\n### What is the book of Matthew about?\n\nThe Gospel of Matthew is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ. The authors of the Gospels wrote about different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. Matthew showed that Jesus was the Messiah, and God would save Israel through him. Matthew often explained that Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah. This may indicate that he expected most of his first readers to be Jewish. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “The Gospel of Matthew,” or “The Gospel according to Matthew.” Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, such as, “The Good News about Jesus that Matthew wrote.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the book of Matthew?\n\nThe book does not give the name of the author. However, since early Christian times, most Christians have thought that the author was the Apostle Matthew.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is the “kingdom of heaven?”\n\nMatthew spoke of the “kingdom of heaven” in the same way that other Gospel writers spoke of the kingdom of God. The kingdom of heaven represents God ruling over all people and all creation everywhere. Those whom God accepts into his kingdom will be blessed. They will live with God forever.\n\n### What were the teaching methods of Jesus?\n\nThe people regarded Jesus as a rabbi. A rabbi is a teacher of God’s law. Jesus taught in ways similar those of other religious teachers in Israel. He had students who followed him wherever he went. These students were called disciples. He often told parables. Parables are stories that teach moral lessons. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/parable]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What are the Synoptic Gospels?\n\nThe Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the Synoptic Gospels because they have many similar passages. The word “synoptic” means to “see together.”\n\nThe texts are considered “parallel” when they are the same or almost the same among two or three gospels. When translating parallel passages, translators should use the same wording and make them as similar as possible.\n\n### Why does Jesus refer to himself as the “Son of Man”?\n\nIn the gospels, Jesus calls himself the “Son of Man.” It is a reference to Daniel 7:13-14. In that passage there is a person described as a “son of man.” That means the person was someone who looked like a human being. God gave authority to the son of man to rule over the nations forever. All the people will worship him forever.\n\nJews of Jesus’ time did not use “Son of Man” as a title for anyone. Therefore, Jesus used it for himself to help them understand who he truly was. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]])\n\nTranslating the title “Son of Man” can be difficult in many languages. Readers may misunderstand a literal translation. Translators can consider alternatives, such as “The Human One.” It may also be helpful to include a footnote to explain the title.\n\n### What are the major issues in the text of the book of Matthew?\n\nThe following verses are found in older versions of the Bible but are not included in most modern versions:\n* “Bless those who curse you; do good to those who hate you” (5:44)\n* “For yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen” (6:13)\n* “But this kind of demon does not go out except with prayer and fasting” (17:21)\n* “For the Son of Man came to save that which was lost” (18:11)\n* “Many are called, but few are chosen” (20:16)\n* “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for you devour widows’ houses, while you make a show of long prayers. You will therefore receive greater condemnation.” (23:14)\n\nTranslators are advised not to include these passages. However, if in the translators’ region, there are older versions of the Bible that include one or more of these passages, the translators may include them. If they are included, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to Matthew’s Gospel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) +front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the book of Matthew\n\n1. The birth of Jesus Christ and the beginning of his ministry (1:1-4:25)\n1. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:28)\n1. Jesus illustrates the kingdom of God through acts of healing (8:1-9:34)\n1. Jesus teaches about mission and the kingdom (9:35-10:42)\n1. Jesus teaches about the gospel of the kingdom of God. Opposition to Jesus begins. (11:1-12:50)\n1. Jesus tells parables about the kingdom of God (13:1-52)\n1. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53-17:57)\n1. Jesus teaches about life in the kingdom of God (18:1-35)\n1. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1-22:46)\n1. Jesus teaches about the final judgment and salvation (23:1-25:46)\n1. The crucifixion of Jesus, his death and resurrection (26:1-28:19)\n\n### What is the book of Matthew about?\n\nThe Gospel of Matthew is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ. The authors of the Gospels wrote about different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. Matthew showed that Jesus was the Messiah, and God would save Israel through him. Matthew often explained that Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah. This may indicate that he expected most of his first readers to be Jewish. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “The Gospel of Matthew,” or “The Gospel according to Matthew.” Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, such as, “The Good News about Jesus that Matthew wrote.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the book of Matthew?\n\nThe book does not give the name of the author. However, since early Christian times, most Christians have thought that the author was the Apostle Matthew.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is the “kingdom of heaven?”\n\nMatthew spoke of the “kingdom of heaven” in the same way that other Gospel writers spoke of the kingdom of God. The kingdom of heaven represents God ruling over all people and all creation everywhere. Those whom God accepts into his kingdom will be blessed. They will live with God forever.\n\n### What were the teaching methods of Jesus?\n\nThe people regarded Jesus as a rabbi. A rabbi is a teacher of God’s law. Jesus taught in ways similar those of other religious teachers in Israel. He had students who followed him wherever he went. These students were called disciples. He often told parables. Parables are stories that teach moral lessons. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/parable]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What are the Synoptic Gospels?\n\nThe Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the Synoptic Gospels because they have many similar passages. The word “synoptic” means to “see together.”\n\nThe texts are considered “parallel” when they are the same or almost the same among two or three gospels. When translating parallel passages, translators should use the same wording and make them as similar as possible.\n\n### Why does Jesus refer to himself as the “Son of Man”?\n\nIn the gospels, Jesus calls himself the “Son of Man.” It is a reference to Daniel 7:13-14. In that passage there is a person described as a “son of man.” That means the person was someone who looked like a human being. God gave authority to the son of man to rule over the nations forever. All the people will worship him forever.\n\nJews of Jesus’ time did not use “Son of Man” as a title for anyone. Therefore, Jesus used it for himself to help them understand who he truly was. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]])\n\nTranslating the title “Son of Man” can be difficult in many languages. Readers may misunderstand a literal translation. Translators can consider alternatives, such as “The Human One.” It may also be helpful to include a footnote to explain the title.\n\n\n### What do “crowd” and “crowds” refer to in Matthew?\n\n### What are the major issues in the text of the book of Matthew?\n\nThe following verses are found in older versions of the Bible but are not included in most modern versions:\n* “Bless those who curse you; do good to those who hate you” (5:44)\n* “For yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen” (6:13)\n* “But this kind of demon does not go out except with prayer and fasting” (17:21)\n* “For the Son of Man came to save that which was lost” (18:11)\n* “Many are called, but few are chosen” (20:16)\n* “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for you devour widows’ houses, while you make a show of long prayers. You will therefore receive greater condemnation.” (23:14)\n\nTranslators are advised not to include these passages. However, if in the translators’ region, there are older versions of the Bible that include one or more of these passages, the translators may include them. If they are included, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to Matthew’s Gospel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) 1:intro y7kk 0 # Matthew 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n1. The birth of Jesus Christ and the beginning of his ministry (1:1-4:25)\n * The genealogy of Jesus (1:1–17)\n * Jesus’ parents and birth (1:18–25)\n\nSome translations set a quotation from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this in [1:23](../01/23.md) with the quote from [Isaiah 7:14](../isa/07/14.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Genealogy\n\nA genealogy is a list that records a person’s ancestors or descendants. Genealogies were important to the Jewish people because family lineage is how they decided how someone functioned in society. For instance, if someone was a descendant of Aaron, they were able to become priests. Similarly, if someone was a descendant of King David, they were able to become a king. This genealogy shows that Jesus was clearly a descendant of King David, and therefore, was able to become king.\n\n### The word “fathered”\n\nWhen Matthew uses the word “fathered,” he only means that the older man was an ancestor of the younger man. In most cases, the older man is the direct father of the younger man. However, sometimes the older man is a grandfather (for example, Josiah is the grandfather of Jechoniah) or a more distant ancestor (for example, Joram is the great-great-grandfather of Ozias). If possible, use a word that indicates that the older man is the ancestor of the younger man without stating that the older man is the father of the younger man. If you need to be more specific, the UST provides one way to do so.\n\n### Three groups of 14\n\nMatthew concludes the genealogy by dividing it up three groups of 14 generations. He divides the groups by using two key events in Israel’s history: David starting his dynasty and the Babylonians capturing Jerusalem. In order to count 14 generations from Abraham until David, both Abraham and David need to be included. To count 14 generations from David until the Babylonian deportation, David needs to be excluded but Jechoniah needs to be included. To count 14 generations from the Babylonian deportation until the Christ, both Jechoniah and Christ need to be included. The ULT and UST divide the section into paragraphs based on the divisions. Consider how you might show these divisions in your translation.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Stating that Mary became pregnant\n\nIn [1:18](../01/18.md), [1:20](../01/20.md), and [1:23](../01/23.md), Matthew refers to a woman becoming pregnant, but he excludes the involvement of a man in the process. He uses the phrases “to have in the womb” and “having been conceived in her” to avoid referring to the male role in conception. In your translation, you should not identify the Holy Spirit as the one who performed the normal male role, since the Holy Spirit did not have sex with Mary. Instead, the Holy Spirit performed a miracle. So, use a form that does not refer to the male role in conception or a form that denies that a man was involved.\n\n### Translating names\n\nIn the genealogy, Matthew uses specific Greek spellings of names. These spellings do not always match the Hebrew spellings of the names that you can read in the Old Testament. The ULT and UST spell out how these names sound as Matthew wrote them in Greek. In contrast, some translations spell out these names as they appear in the Old Testament. Consider spelling these names as do other translations that your readers might be familiar with. Otherwise, consider whether your team wishes to spell names in the same way throughout the Bible or whether you will spell them differently in different places. If you do spell them differently in different places, you may need to include footnotes that provide other spellings. 1:1 n4xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit βίβλος γενέσεως 1 Here, the phrase **book of the genealogy** could refer to: (1) just the list of Jesus’ ancestors that follows in [1:2–17](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “The book of the ancestry” (2) the list of Jesus’ ancestors as well as information about his birth and childhood (see [1:2–2:23](../01/02.md)). Alternate translation: “The book of the ancestors and birth” 1:1 a1t0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession βίβλος γενέσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe a **book** that contains the **genealogy** that lists the ancestors of **Jesus Christ**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “The book that contains the genealogy concerning Jesus Christ” @@ -2498,11 +2498,12 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 14:36 bogz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations αὐτὸν ἵνα μόνον ἅψωνται τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ; καὶ 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “him, ‘Please let us only touch the edge of your garment.’ And” 14:36 wrl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit μόνον ἅψωνται 1 Here, the word **only** indicates that these people think that, to be healed, they do not need to do anything more than touch Jesus’ **garment**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all they might do is touch” or “they could just touch” 14:36 mw8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ὅσοι ἥψαντο διεσώθησαν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could indicate that was God or Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “God healed as many as touched it” or “Jesus healed as many as touched it” -15:intro i9a5 0 # Matthew 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:8-9, which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The “tradition of the elders”\n\nThe “tradition of the elders” were oral laws that the Jewish religious leaders developed because they wanted to make sure that everyone obeyed the law of Moses. However, they often worked harder to obey these rules than to obey the law of Moses itself. Jesus rebuked the religious leaders for this, and they became angry as a result. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n\n### Washing hands before eating\n\n### Jews and Gentiles\n\nThe Jews of Jesus’ time thought that only Jews could please God by the way they lived. Jesus healed a Canaanite Gentile woman’s daughter to show his followers that he would accept both Jews and Gentiles as his people.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Sheep\n\nThe Bible often speaks of people as if they were sheep because sheep require someone to take care of them. This is because they do not see well and they often go to where predatory animals can easily kill and eat them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +15:intro i9a5 0 # Matthew 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n7. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53-17:57)\n * Argument with the Pharisees and scribes about washing hands (15:1–9)\n * Jesus teaches about what defiles people (15:10–20)\n * Jesus meets a Canaanite woman (15:21–28)\n * Jesus heals many people (15:29–31)\n * Jesus feeds 4,000 men (15:32–39)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [15:8–9](../15/08.md), which is a quote from [Isaiah 29:13](../isa/29/13.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The “tradition of the elders”\n\nThe “tradition of the elders” included interpretations of Moses’ law that Jewish religious leaders had developed and passed down to their disciples, and they to their disciples. These interpretations explained what specific laws meant and how to obey them. Jesus rebuked the religious leaders for specific interpretations of the law that he disagreed with. In this chapter, Jesus and the Pharisees argue about washing hands, honoring parents, and giving gifts to God. When you translate the phrase “tradition of the elders,” use a form that refers to teachings that teachers pass down to their students. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/tradition]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/elder]])\n\n### Washing hands before eating\n\nIn [15:1](../15/01.md), the scribes and Pharisees rebuke Jesus for failing to have his disciples wash their hands before eating. One of the traditions that the Pharisees followed was a requirement that people wash their hands before eating. They did this to make their hands ceremonially clean, not primarily to clean off dirt. Make sure that your translation indicates that Jesus and the Pharisees are debating about ceremonial or ritual washing, not washing off dirt.\n\n### The gift for God\n\nIn [15:4–6](../15/04.md), Jesus rebukes the Pharisees for allowing people to promise to give something to God instead of using it to help their parents. Jesus is not saying that giving things to God is wrong. Instead, he is saying that honoring one’s parents is one of the most important commandments that God gave, and no tradition should prevent people from honoring their parents. Make sure that this meaning is clear in your translation.\n\n### The Canaanite woman\n\nMatthew describes the woman as a “Canaanite,” which is an old term for the people who lived in the land of Israel before the Israelites arrived. Matthew means that the woman is not a Jew, and he might mean that she is descended from the people that the Israelites defeated when they took over the land of Israel. Your translation should make clearly indicate that the woman is not a Jew. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/names/canaan]])\n\n### The miracle of multiplying food\n\nIn [15:32–39](../15/32.md), Matthew tells a story in which Jesus provides 4,000 men and even more women and children with food. All these people were in a place where no people lived, and all the food that Jesus and his disciples had were seven loaves of bread and a few fish. Despite that, Jesus used the seven loaves of bread and the few fish to feed everyone who was there. Matthew does not tell us exactly how Jesus did this, but he does say that there were more leftovers than what they started with. Your translation should not explain how Jesus multiplied the food, but it should be clear that he did a miracle. Matthew told a similar story about how Jesus fed 5,000 men in [14:13–21](../14/13.md), so see how you expressed the ideas there.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Feeding little dogs\n\nIn [15:26](../15/26.md), Jesus tells the Canaanite woman that it is not right to give food that is meant for children to little dogs. In [15:27](../15/27.md), the woman responds that little dogs eat the little bits of food that fall off their owners’ tables. The children represent Jews, and the little dogs represent non-Jews. The food represents things that Jesus does for people. What Jesus means is that he is supposed to do things for Jews, not for non-Jews. What the woman means is that what she is asking Jesus to do is unimportant enough that he can do it without taking away from what he does for Jews. If possible, do not express the meaning of what Jesus and the woman say about little dogs, but make sure that your translation naturally expresses this meaning.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to the Pharisees, the crowds, or the disciples. Because of this, the majority of forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) 15:1 q6af rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent τότε 1 Here, the word **Then** introduces a new event that took place sometime after the previous event, probably relatively soon after. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event. Alternate translation: “One day,” or “Sometime later,”\n 15:1 d8ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go προσέρχονται 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “go to” 15:1 xcqf rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said” 15:2 j1b8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion διὰ τί οἱ μαθηταί σου παραβαίνουσιν τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων? 1 The Pharisees are using the question form to rebuke Jesus for what his disciples are doing. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your disciples should not transgress the tradition of the elders.” or “We are shocked that your disciples transgress the tradition of the elders!” +15:2 mapm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σου 1 Here, the word **your** is singular since the Pharisees and scribes are speaking to Jesus. 15:2 yn6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 Here, the scribes and Pharisees are using the possessive form to describe a **tradition** that came from **the elders**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the tradition given to us by the elders” or “the tradition handed down to us by the elders” 15:2 dc73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **tradition**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what the elders taught us” 15:2 j6uo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τῶν πρεσβυτέρων 1 Here, the word **elders** refers to respected ancestors whose teaching is trusted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the ancestral teachers” or “of our respected forefathers” @@ -2517,6 +2518,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:4 itl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases γὰρ 1 Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation of how the scribes and Pharisees transgress God’s law. This explanation continues in [14:5–6](../14/05.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Here is how you do that:” or “What I mean is that” 15:4 woat rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Here Jesus quotes from the Old Testament scriptures. The first quotation could be from [Exodus 20:12](../exo/20/12.md) or [Deuteronomy 5:16](../deu/05/16.md). The second quotation could be from [Exodus 21:17](../exo/21/17.md) or [Leviticus 20:9](../lev/20/09.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a quotation from an important text, and you could include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “saying in the law he gave to Moses” or “speaking through Moses” 15:4 srz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes λέγων, τίμα τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα καί ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα, θανάτῳ τελευτάτω 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within a quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that all people should honor their father and their mother and that everyone speaking evil of his father or mother should end in death.” +15:4 kzvj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular τίμα τὸν & τὴν 1 Since God is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the command the words **your** and **your** are singular. 15:4 iigy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα, θανάτῳ τελευτάτω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The one speaking evil of his father or mother, he should end in death” or “Anyone who speaks evil of his father or mother must end in death” 15:4 qfu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὁ κακολογῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “The one saying evil things about” 15:4 erkh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom θανάτῳ τελευτάτω 1 Here, the phrase **end in death** means that the person is killed or executed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “let him be put to death” or “let him be killed” @@ -2524,6 +2526,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:5-6 l8t0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ὑμεῖς δὲ λέγετε, ὃς ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί, δῶρον ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς & οὐ μὴ τιμήσει τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within quotations. Alternate translation: “But you say that whoever says to his father or mother that whatever they might have benefited from him is a gift, he will certainly not honor his father.” 15:5 hsz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what the scribes and Pharisees allow in contrast to what God commanded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” or “Despite that,” 15:5 dofz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς 1 Here, the phrase **Whatever you might have benefited from me** refers to money or goods that children might give to their parents when they need help. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Whatever I might have given to help you” or “Anything you might have received from me” +15:5 ybem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ὠφεληθῇς 1 Here, the word **you** is singular since a child is speaking to one of his or her parents. 15:5 ql75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit δῶρον 1 Here Jesus implies that the person is giving something as **a gift** to God. Because of that, the person will not give it to his or her parents. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “is a gift for God” or “is a gift to God, so I cannot give it to you” 15:6 hcwe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οὐ μὴ τιμήσει τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ 1 Here Jesus implies that the Pharisees and scribes mean that the person cannot **honor his father** by giving him the money or goods that he promised to give to God. The person could still **honor his father** in other ways. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he will certainly not honor his father in that way” or “he will certainly not honor his father by giving him what he declared to be a gift for God” 15:6 oyqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations οὐ μὴ τιμήσει & αὐτοῦ 1 Although the terms **he** and **his** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “that person will certainly not honor his or her” @@ -2556,6 +2559,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:11 o7bk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ ἐκπορευόμενον ἐκ τοῦ στόματος 1 Here Jesus is referring to words, which are what come out of people’s mouths. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the words that come out of his mouth” 15:11 yuf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐκπορευόμενον 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “goes” instead of **comes**. Alternate translation: “goes out” 15:12 ibrk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οἶδας ὅτι οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἀκούσαντες τὸν λόγον ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν? 1 The disciples are using the question form to inform Jesus about how the Pharisees responded. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should know that the Pharisees, having heard this word, were offended.” or “The Pharisees, having heard this word, were offended!” +15:12 cgtq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular οἶδας 1 Here, the word **you** is singular since the disciples are speaking to Jesus. 15:12 l2uj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἀκούσαντες τὸν λόγον ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus. Alternate translation: “you offended the Pharisees when they heard this word” 15:12 wcfg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον 1 The disciples is using the term **word** to refer to what Jesus said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words that you spoke” or “the things that you said” 15:13 u1z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” @@ -2569,6 +2573,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:14 wz4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo τυφλὸς & τυφλὸν ἐὰν ὁδηγῇ, ἀμφότεροι & πεσοῦνται 1 Here Jesus uses an imaginary situation to help explain what would happen if a **blind** person guided another **blind** person. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “imagine a blind one guiding a blind one. They would both fall” 15:15 cbzk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” 15:15 omu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative φράσον 1 This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “I ask that you explain” +15:15 c6r3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular φράσον 1 Here, the command is singular because the Peter is speaking to Jesus. 15:15 yqqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὴν παραβολήν 1 Here Peter could be referring to: (1) the **parable** about blind people guiding other blind people (see [15:14](../15/14.md)). Alternate translation: “the parable about the blind guides” (2) the **parable** about things that go into and out of a person (see [15:11](../15/11.md). Alternate translation: “the parable about what goes into a person” 15:15 shg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive ἡμῖν 1 By **us**, Peter means himself and the other disciples but not Jesus, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. 15:16 txes rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” @@ -2604,6 +2609,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:22 babb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγουσα 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and she said”\n 15:22 zxvj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure ἐλέησόν με, Κύριε, Υἱὸς Δαυείδ; ἡ θυγάτηρ μου κακῶς δαιμονίζεται 1 Here the woman asks Jesus to have **mercy** on her before she says why she needs help. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include why she needs help before she asks for **mercy**. Alternate translation: “Lord, my daughter is severely demon-possessed. Have mercy on me, Son of David!” 15:22 kwye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐλέησόν με 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of mercy, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Be merciful to me” +15:22 hbk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ἐλέησόν 1 Here, the command is singular because the woman is speaking to Jesus. 15:22 xs64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Υἱὸς Δαυείδ 1 Here, the word **Son** means a male descendant. It does not mean that Jesus was the direct son of David. Express the idea as you did in [9:27](../09/27.md). Alternate translation: “Descendant of David” or “you who are descended from David” 15:22 j6rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἡ θυγάτηρ μου κακῶς δαιμονίζεται 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A demon is severely possessing my daughter” 15:22 o0yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κακῶς δαιμονίζεται 1 Here the woman implies that the demon is hurting or injuring her **daughter**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “is painfully demon-possessed” or “is demon-possessed and suffering greatly” @@ -2613,6 +2619,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:23 uxps rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ἀπόλυσον αὐτήν, ὅτι κράζει ὄπισθεν ἡμῶν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the request that the first clause expresses. Alternate translation: “She is crying out after us, so send her away” 15:23 a3wr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative ἀπόλυσον αὐτήν 1 This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “We ask that you send her away” 15:23 otzz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπόλυσον αὐτήν 1 Here the disciples could be asking Jesus: (1) to tell the women to leave them alone and go away. Alternate translation: “Make her leave us alone” (2) to cast the demon out of the woman’s daughter and tell her to go home. Alternate translation: “Cast the demon out of her daughter and send her away” +15:23 tyn0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular ἀπόλυσον αὐτήν 1 Here, the command is singular because the disciples are speaking to Jesus. 15:23 wu1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κράζει ὄπισθεν ἡμῶν 1 Here the disciples imply that the woman was walking behind them and **crying out** many times. The disciples found this very annoying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some or all of that information explicit. Alternate translation: “she is following us and annoying us by crying out” 15:24 mk22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo εἶπεν 1 Here Matthew does not specify to whom Jesus said these words. It is possible that it was the woman, or more likely, the disciples. If possible, do not specify to whom Jesus said these words. Alternate translation: “spoke these words:” 15:24 wfnx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions οὐκ ἀπεστάλην εἰ μὴ εἰς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ 1 If it would in appear your language that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “I was sent only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel” @@ -2623,6 +2630,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:25 oojb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,” 15:25 u3jj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction προσεκύνει αὐτῷ 1 In the woman’s culture, bowing down to a person was a way to honor a greater person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a similar action from your culture, or you could explain what bowing down means. Alternate translation: “prostrated herself before him” or “bowed down to him in respect” 15:25 cntx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative βοήθει 1 This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “I ask that you help” +15:25 yj7o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular βοήθει 1 Here, the command is singular because the woman is speaking to Jesus. 15:26 ihz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables οὐκ ἔστιν καλὸν λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων καὶ βαλεῖν τοῖς κυναρίοις 1 To explain to the woman why he has not helped her, Jesus offers a story or illustration. In the story, the **children** represent the Jewish people, the **little dogs** represent non-Jewish people, and **the bread** represents the help that Jesus gives to people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that this is a story with a specific message, or you could explain what the parable means. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: It is not good to take the bread of the children and to throw {it} to the little dogs” or “It is not good to take the bread of the children and to throw {it} to the little dogs. That is what helping you instead of my fellow Jews would be like” 15:26 vrm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **bread** that was prepared for **the children** to eat. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the food prepared for the children” or “the food that the children were going to eat” 15:26 a5bc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche τὸν ἄρτον 1 Jesus is using **bread** to represent food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the meals” @@ -2636,6 +2644,7 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:27 y50p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns τῆς τραπέζης 1 In this verse, the word **table** is singular in form, but it refers to all the tables of their masters as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “the tables” 15:28 bcx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὦ γύναι 1 Here Jesus uses the phrase **O woman** to address the Canaanite woman. This phrase was a polite way to refer to someone, and Jesus uses it to show how impressed he is with what the woman said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that refers politely to woman who has a daughter. Alternate translation: “My dear woman” or “My lady” 15:28 x0rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns μεγάλη σου ἡ πίστις 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you have believed greatly” +15:28 swf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular σου & σοι & θέλεις 1 Here, the words **your**, **you**, and **you** are singular because Jesus is speaking to the woman. 15:28 mbi8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p γενηθήτω 1 If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It will be done” or “I am doing it” 15:28 tea2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive γενηθήτω 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let it happen” or “let God do it” 15:28 n229 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἰάθη ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτῆς 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus healed her daughter” @@ -2645,53 +2654,128 @@ front:intro sa9c 0 # Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: Gene 15:29 d0ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἦλθεν 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with **Jesus**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples went” 15:29 j1rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἀναβὰς 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come up” 15:29 jp6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo τὸ ὄρος 1 Matthew does not clarify what **mountain** this is or how high up it is. If possible, use a general word for a hill or small mountain without indicating one particular place. Alternate translation: “a high place” or “a small mountain” -15:30 c8td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj χωλούς, τυφλούς, κυλλούς, κωφούς 1 Jesus is using the adjectives **the lame, the blind, the crippled, the mute** as nouns in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase, as demonstrated in the UST. -15:30 yf7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἔρριψαν αὐτοὺς παρὰ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **they laid them at his feet** is an idiom meaning “they laid them in front of him”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “they laid them in front of Jesus” -15:30 gy3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς 1 Here, the word **them** is referring to the many sick people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “the sick people” -15:31 be52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj κωφοὺς & κυλλοὺς & χωλοὺς & τυφλοὺς 1 See the note in the previous verse for how to translate these adjectives. -15:33 uhi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πόθεν ἡμῖν ἐν ἐρημίᾳ, ἄρτοι τοσοῦτοι ὥστε χορτάσαι ὄχλον τοσοῦτον? 1 The disciples are using the question form to challenge Jesus. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “There is certainly no place in the wilderness where we can get enough food to feed this large crowd!” -15:34 k86l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἑπτά 1 The disciples are leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation, with following comma deleted: “We have seven loaves” -15:36 a9s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ τοῖς ὄχλοις 1 Matthew is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If your readers might misunderstand this, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “and the disciples were giving them to the crowd” -15:38 z66m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers τετρακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 1 Alternate translation: “four thousand men” -15:39 m8dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Μαγαδάν 1 This region is sometimes called “Magdala.” -16:intro za2k 0 # Matthew 16 General Notes\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Yeast\n\nJesus spoke of the way people thought about God as if it were bread, and he spoke of what people taught about God as if it were the yeast that makes bread dough become larger and the baked bread taste good. He did not want his followers to listen to what the Pharisees and Sadducees taught. This was because if they did listen, they would not understand who God is and how he wants his people to live. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nJesus told his people to obey his commands. He did this by telling them to “follow” him. It is as if he were walking on a path and they were walking after him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Background information\n\nMatthew continues his account from chapter 15 in verses 1-20. The account stops in verse 21 so that Matthew can tell the reader that Jesus told his disciples again and again that people would kill him after he arrived in Jerusalem. Then the account continues in verses 22-27 with what happened the first time Jesus told the disciples that he would die.\n\n### Paradox\n\nA paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, “Whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it” ([Matthew 16:25](../mat/16/25.md)). -16:1 t7p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πειράζοντες 1 Here, **testing** is used in a negative sense. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “challenging him” or “wanting to trap him” -16:4 jl3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς 1 See how you translated this in [12:39](../12/39.md). -16:4 fhx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς 1 Here, **adulterous** is a metaphor for people who are not faithful to God. See how you translated this in [12:39](../12/39.md). -16:4 d9eq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ 2 If your language does not use this passive form, you could state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not give it a sign” -16:4 dep2 εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ 1 See how you translated this in [12:39](../12/39.md). Alternate translation: “except the same sign God gave to Jonah the prophet” -16:5 ii6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Jesus is using the word translated **And** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Now” -16:5 si9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis τὸ πέραν 1 Matthew is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the opposite shore” -16:6 hfz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 Here, **yeast** is a metaphor that refers to evil ideas and wrong teaching. Translate it as **yeast** here and do not explain its meaning in your translation. This meaning will be made clear in [16:12](../16/12.md). -16:8 mg8s ὀλιγόπιστοι 1 See how you translated this in [6:30](../06/30.md). -16:8 zz4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ὀλιγόπιστοι, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχετε? 1 Jesus is using the question form to challenge his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am disappointed that you think it was because you forgot to bring bread that I talked about the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” -16:9 h5bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὔπω νοεῖτε, οὐδὲ μνημονεύετε τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους τῶν πεντακισχιλίων, καὶ πόσους κοφίνους ἐλάβετε? 1 Jesus uses a question to rebuke his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you remember the five loaves of the 5,000, and how many baskets you gathered up!” -16:9 ux51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers τῶν πεντακισχιλίων 1 Alternate translation: “of the five thousand” -16:10 ejm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐδὲ τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους τῶν τετρακισχιλίων, καὶ πόσας σπυρίδας ἐλάβετε? 1 Jesus uses a question to rebuke his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you also remember the seven loaves of the 4,000, and how many baskets you took up!” -16:10 b11x rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers τῶν τετρακισχιλίων 1 Alternate translation: “of the four thousand” -16:11 mb2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πῶς οὐ νοεῖτε, ὅτι οὐ περὶ ἄρτων εἶπον ὑμῖν? 1 Jesus uses this question to rebuke the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have known that I was not speaking about bread.” -16:11 i7x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 Here, **yeast** represents evil ideas and wrong teaching. Translate as “yeast” here and do not explain the meaning in your translation. In the next verse, Jesus will tell the disciples the meaning. -16:12 f73l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns συνῆκαν 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the disciples. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the disciples realized” -16:13 e5cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Jesus is using the word translated **Now** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. -16:13 e1jh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form, as in the UST. -16:16 n5wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος 1 **Son** is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. Be sure to retain this title in your translation. -16:16 r1h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος 1 Here, Peter uses the phrase **living God** to speaking about God as being alive. This is to contrast God, the only true God, with the other gods, who are not real. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the only true God” -16:17 yh0s rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result μακάριος εἶ, Σίμων Βαριωνᾶ, ὅτι σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι, ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but my Father in the heavens, you are blessed” -16:17 le6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate Σίμων Βαριωνᾶ 1 The word **Bar** is an Aramaic word which means son. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternative translation: “Simon, the son of Jonah” -16:17 g8s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι, ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “but rather” -16:17 dfw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν 1 Jesus is using **flesh and blood** to represent a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person” or “people” -16:17 wix3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν 1 The pronoun **this** refers to Peter’s pronouncement in the previous verse about Jesus being “the Christ, the Son of the living God.” It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “did not reveal to you that I am the Christ, the Son of the living God” or “did not give you the knowledge to say this” +15:30 c8td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj χωλούς, τυφλούς, κυλλούς, κωφούς 1 Matthew is using the adjectives **lame**, **blind**, **crippled**, and **mute** as nouns to mean people who were sick in all those ways. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “people who were lame, blind, crippled, and mute” +15:30 l36z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἑτέρους πολλούς 1 Here Matthew implies that these people were sick in other ways. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “many other sick people” or “many who were sick in various other ways” +15:30 yf7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἔρριψαν αὐτοὺς παρὰ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **they laid them at his feet** means that the crowds **laid** the sick people in front of Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they laid them before him” +15:30 gy3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἔρριψαν αὐτοὺς & αὐτούς 1 Here, the word **they** refers to the **large crowds**, and the word **them** refers to the sick people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the crowds laid the sick people … those sick people” +15:31 zarb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result ὥστε 1 Here, the phrase **so that** introduces a result from Jesus healing many sick people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “with the result that” +15:31 be52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj κωφοὺς & κυλλοὺς & χωλοὺς & τυφλοὺς 1 See how you translated these phrases in [15:30](../15/30.md). Alternate translation: “people who were mute … people who were crippled … people who were lame … people who were blind” +15:31 dfgm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τὸν Θεὸν Ἰσραήλ 1 Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe the **God** whom **Israel** worships. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the God whom Israel worships” +15:31 n0m7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Ἰσραήλ 1 Here, the word **Israel** refers to the people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of the people of Israel” +15:32 gngo rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +15:32 ofkm rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result σπλαγχνίζομαι ἐπὶ τὸν ὄχλον, ὅτι ἤδη ἡμέραι τρεῖς προσμένουσίν μοι, καὶ οὐκ ἔχουσιν τι φάγωσιν 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The crowd is remaining with me already three days and does not have anything to eat, so I have compassion on them” +15:32 m8v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns σπλαγχνίζομαι ἐπὶ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **compassion**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I sympathize with” +15:32 lmax ἐκλυθῶσιν 1 Alternate translation: “they might become weary” or “they might lose their strength” +15:32 q1dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ 1 Here, Jesus implies that the people would be walking **on the way** to their homes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “on the way to their homes” or “while they going home” +15:33 plpn rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγουσιν 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” +15:33 uhi3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πόθεν ἡμῖν ἐν ἐρημίᾳ, ἄρτοι τοσοῦτοι ὥστε χορτάσαι ὄχλον τοσοῦτον? 1 The disciples are using the question form to tell Jesus that they do not have enough food for the crowd. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is impossible for us in a desolate place to find enough bread so as to satisfy so large a crowd.” or “There is certainly no place in this desolate area where we can get enough bread to satisfy so large a crowd!” +15:33 m719 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἄρτοι 1 The disciples are using **bread** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food” +15:34 f4lf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said” +15:34 hbte rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἄρτους 1 See how you translated **loaves** in [14:17](../14/17.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread” +15:34 k86l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἑπτά, καὶ 1 The disciples are leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “We have seven loaves and” +15:35 pc5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀναπεσεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν 1 In Jesus’ culture, people would usually **recline**, or lay on one side, when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture, or you could just refer to eating. Alternate translation: “to get ready to eat on the ground” +15:36 mll5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἄρτους 1 See how you translated **loaves** in [14:17](../14/17.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread” +15:36 qrcn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔκλασεν καὶ ἐδίδου 1 Here Matthew means that Jesus **broke** the loaves of bread in pieces so that they could be served to the crowds. This was a normal practice in his culture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he divided the loaves into servings and was giving them” or “he broke the loaves into smaller pieces and was giving the pieces” +15:36 a9s4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οἱ & μαθηταὶ τοῖς ὄχλοις 1 Matthew is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the disciples gave them to the crowds” +15:37 m7nw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ἔφαγον πάντες & ἦραν 1 The pronoun **they** in the phrase **they all ate** refers to the crowds. The pronoun **they** in the phrase **they took up** refers to the disciples. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the crowds all ate … the disciples took up” +15:37 trkz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your languages. Alternative translation: “until they were full” +15:37 gjjs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τὸ περισσεῦον τῶν κλασμάτων 1 Here, the phrase **the remaining** refers to what was left after everyone ate. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the leftovers” or “what was left of the broken pieces” +15:37 htll rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σπυρίδας 1 The word **baskets** refers to large circular containers that store food or other items. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of container, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “boxes” or “containers” +15:38 i5xn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background δὲ 1 Matthews uses the word **But** to introduce background information that helps the readers understand how amazing what Jesus did was. The word does not introduce another event in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “As for how many people were there,” or “In the end,” +15:38 z66m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit χωρὶς γυναικῶν καὶ παιδίων 1 Here Matthew means that the number he has given does not include **women and children**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “which does not include women and children” +15:39 j06u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐνέβη 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples got” +15:39 eku7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἦλθεν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “came” +15:39 m8dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Μαγαδάν 1 The word **Magadan** could be the name of: (1) a small village. Alternate translation: “of the village of Magadan” (2) a district or area. Alternate translation: “of the district of Magadan” +16:intro za2k 0 # Matthew 16 General Notes\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Yeast\n\nJesus spoke of the way people thought about God as if it were bread, and he spoke of what people taught about God as if it were the yeast that makes bread dough become larger and the baked bread taste good. He did not want his followers to listen to what the Pharisees and Sadducees taught. This was because if they did listen, they would not understand who God is and how he wants his people to live. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nJesus told his people to obey his commands. He did this by telling them to “follow” him. It is as if he were walking on a path and they were walking after him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Background information\n\nMatthew continues his account from chapter 15 in verses 1-20. The account stops in verse 21 so that Matthew can tell the reader that Jesus told his disciples again and again that people would kill him after he arrived in Jerusalem. Then the account continues in verses 22-27 with what happened the first time Jesus told the disciples that he would die.\n\n### Paradox\n\nA paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, “Whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it” ([Matthew 16:25](../mat/16/25.md)).\n\n### Verses 2b–3\n\n\n!!!Go back and do 16:2–3 +16:1 l9h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +16:1 syka rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal προσελθόντες & πειράζοντες 1 Here, the word **testing** introduces the purpose for which the Pharisees and Sadducees **approached** Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “having approached with the goal of testing him” +16:1 t7p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν σημεῖον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐπιδεῖξαι αὐτοῖς 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “asked him, ’Show us a sign from heaven!’” +16:1 vs9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σημεῖον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 The implication is that the Pharisees and Sadducees wanted Jesus to do a miracle to prove that his authority came from God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a sign from heaven that proved that his authority was from God” +16:1 eukn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **from heaven** indicates that the **sign** originates in **heaven**, where God rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from heaven, where God rules” or “that comes from the place where God is” +16:2-3 ubk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants 0 See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to include [16:2b–3](../16/02.md) in your translation. The notes below discuss translation issues in the verse, for those who decide to include it. +16:4 jl3e γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς σημεῖον ἐπιζητεῖ, καὶ σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ, εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ 1 What Jesus says here is identical to what he said in [12:39](../12/39.md) except for the phrase “the prophet” before the name **Jonah**. Translate this sentence as you did in [12:39](../12/39.md). +16:4 fhx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτοὺς 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the Pharisees and Sadducees who had asked for a sign (see [16:1](../16/01.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the people who asked him for a sign” or “those Pharisees and Sadducees” +16:4 d9eq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἀπῆλθεν 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples went away” +16:5 ii6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent καὶ 1 Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +16:5 xyrg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθόντες οἱ μαθηταὶ εἰς τὸ πέραν, ἐπελάθοντο ἄρτους λαβεῖν 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples **forgot** the **bread** before they traveled **to the other side**, but they realized that they had forgotten it when they reached **the other side**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the disciples forgot to take bread with them, and when they came to the other side, they realized that they had forgotten” or “the disciples, having come to the other side, recognized that they had forgotten to take bread” +16:5 whsi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθόντες 1 Here Matthew implies that both the disciples and Jesus came to the other side. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when they and Jesus came” +16:5 upyi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθόντες 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” +16:5 si9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τὸ πέραν 1 Here Matthew implies that they traveled to **the other side** of the Sea of Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the other side of the lake” +16:6 h3rz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +16:6 u7my rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ὁρᾶτε καὶ προσέχετε ἀπὸ 1 The terms **See** and **guard** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Guard against” or “Keep away from” +16:6 jak2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ὁρᾶτε καὶ 1 Here, the word **See** means that the disciples need to make sure that something happens or does not happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Make sure that you” +16:6 gs4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **yeast** that **the Pharisees and Sadducees** have or use. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the yeast that the Pharisees and Sadducees have” +16:6 hfz2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 Here, **yeast** is a metaphor that refers to what the Pharisees and Sadducees teach. However, the disciples did not immediately understand that Jesus was using a metaphor; instead, they do not realize what **yeast** refers to until [16:12](../16/12.md). So, you should preserve the metaphor here without explaining its meaning, since Matthew will give an explanation in [16:12](../16/12.md). +16:7 p6hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν ἑαυτοῖς 1 Here, the phrase **among themselves** could mean: (1) that the disciples **were reasoning** with each other. Alternate translation: “with one another” (2) that the disciples were thinking this without saying it. Alternate translation: “within themselves” +16:7 jx1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγοντες, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἐλάβομεν 1 Here, the word translated **because** could introduce: (1) what the disciples think might be the reason for why Jesus said what he did about yeast. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘He said that because we did not take bread’” (2) what the disciples say. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘We did not take bread’” +16:7 t9om rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations λέγοντες, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἐλάβομεν 1 It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “saying that it was because they did not take bread” +16:7 wyua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὅτι 1 Here the disciples imply that they are giving a reason for why Jesus said what he did about yeast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus has spoken about yeast because” +16:7 mmzt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive οὐκ ἐλάβομεν 1 By **we**, the disciples mean themselves but not Jesus, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. +16:8 ekph rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” +16:8 zz4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion τί διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ὀλιγόπιστοι, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχετε? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You of little faith! Do not reason among yourselves that you do not have bread!” or “You of little faith, it is wrong for you to be reasoning among yourselves that you do not have bread.” +16:8 mg8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὀλιγόπιστοι 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “You who believe so little” +16:8 ia8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐν ἑαυτοῖς 1 Here, much as in [16:7](../16/07.md), the phrase **among yourselves** could mean: (1) that the disciples were **reasoning** with each other. Alternate translation: “with one another” (2) that the disciples were thinking this without saying it. Alternate translation: “within yourselves” +16:9 h5bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὔπω νοεῖτε, οὐδὲ μνημονεύετε τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους τῶν πεντακισχιλίων, καὶ πόσους κοφίνους ἐλάβετε? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation.Alternate translation: “You do not yet perceive nor remember the five loaves of the 5,000, and how many baskets you received!” or “I am disappointed that you do not yet perceive nor remember the five loaves of the 5,000, and how many baskets you received.” +16:9 ux51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους τῶν πεντακισχιλίων 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to refer to **the five loaves** that he used to feed **the 5,000**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the five loaves that fed the 5,000” +16:9 glqh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν πεντακισχιλίων 1 Matthew is using the number **5,000** as a noun to mean 5,000 men. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of the 5,000 men” +16:9 m3cu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἄρτους 1 See how you translated **loaves** in [14:17](../14/17.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread” +16:9 c2lx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit κοφίνους 1 Here Jesus implies that the **baskets** were full of leftover food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “baskets full of leftovers” +16:9 h1ib rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown κοφίνους 1 See how you translated **baskets** in [14:20](../14/20.md). Alternate translation: “boxes” or “containers” +16:10 ejm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion οὐδὲ τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους τῶν τετρακισχιλίων, καὶ πόσας σπυρίδας ἐλάβετε? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Nor do you perceive or remember the seven loaves of the 4,000, and how many baskets you received!” or “I am also disappointed that you do not yet perceive nor remember the seven loaves of the 4,000, and how many baskets you received.” +16:10 s854 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οὐδὲ 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Nor do you understand or remember” +16:10 b11x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους τῶν τετρακισχιλίων 1 Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to refer to **the seven loaves** that he used to feed **the 4,000**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the seven loaves that fed the 4,000” +16:10 kjfw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ἄρτους 1 See how you translated **loaves** in [14:17](../14/17.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread” +16:10 npb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj τῶν τετρακισχιλίων 1 Matthew is using the number **4,000** as a noun to mean 4,000 men. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of the 4,000 men” +16:10 jnkk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σπυρίδας 1 Here Jesus implies that the **baskets** were full of leftover food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “baskets full of leftovers” +16:10 vcgl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown σπυρίδας 1 See how you translated **baskets** in [15:37](../15/37.md). Alternate translation: “boxes” or “containers” +16:11 mb2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion πῶς οὐ νοεῖτε, ὅτι οὐ περὶ ἄρτων εἶπον ὑμῖν? 1 Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You do not perceive that I did not speak to you about bread!” or “I am disappointed that you do not perceive that I did not speak to you about bread.” +16:11 nw24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus really wants to say about **yeast** in contrast to simply speaking **about bread**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Rather,” +16:11 g16r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 Here, just as in [16:6](../16/06.md), Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **yeast** that **the Pharisees and Sadducees** have or use. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the yeast that the Pharisees and Sadducees have” +16:11 i7x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 Here, just as in [16:6](../16/06.md), **yeast** is a metaphor that refers to what the Pharisees and Sadducees teach. However, the disciples did not immediately understand that Jesus was using a metaphor; instead, they do not realize what **yeast** refers to until [16:12](../16/12.md). So, you should preserve the metaphor here without explaining its meaning, since Matthew will give an explanation in [16:12](../16/12.md).\n +16:12 f73l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns συνῆκαν 1 The pronoun **they** refers to the disciples. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “the disciples understood” +16:12 f4p4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure οὐκ εἶπεν προσέχειν ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν ἄρτων, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ τῆς διδαχῆς τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 If your language would not naturally put the negative statement before the positive statement, you could reverse the two clauses here. Alternate translation: “he had told them to guard from the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees, not from the yeast of the bread” +16:12 b4h9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession τῆς ζύμης τῶν ἄρτων 1 Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe **yeast** that people use to make **bread**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the yeast used to make bread” +16:12 d990 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ 1 Matthew is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but to guard from” +16:12 t740 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς διδαχῆς τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **teaching**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the things that the Pharisees and Sadducees taught” +16:13 e5cm rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +16:13 xs2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἐλθὼν 1 Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when he and his disciples came” +16:13 ez5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go ἐλθὼν 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone” +16:13 f7ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations λέγων 1 Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said” +16:13 e8y5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations οἱ ἄνθρωποι 1 Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women” +16:13 e1jh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person εἶναι τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the one who is the Son of Man, am”\n +16:13 dju6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου 1 The title **Son of Man** may be equivalent to “Messiah.” However, since Jesus is asking about who people say that **the Son of Man** is, if possible you should not explain what the title means. +16:14 mwgp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit οἱ μὲν Ἰωάννην τὸν Βαπτιστήν; ἄλλοι δὲ Ἠλείαν; ἕτεροι δὲ Ἰερεμίαν ἢ ἕνα τῶν προφητῶν 1 Since all these people and prophets had died before the disciples answered this question, the disciples are implying that people think that Jesus is one of these people who has come back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Some, John the Baptist come back to life; and some, Elijah come back to life; and others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets come back to life” +16:14 zqqg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis οἱ μὲν Ἰωάννην τὸν Βαπτιστήν; ἄλλοι δὲ Ἠλείαν; ἕτεροι δὲ Ἰερεμίαν 1 The disciples are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Some say John the Baptist; and some say Elijah; and others say Jeremiah” +16:14 v7kl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj οἱ μὲν & ἄλλοι & ἕτεροι 1 The disciples are using the adjectives **Some**, **some**, and **others** as nouns to mean various groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “Some among the people … some among the people … others among the people” +16:14 c9iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἕνα τῶν προφητῶν 1 Here the disciples are not excluding **John the Baptist**, **Elijah**, or **Jeremiah** from the group of **the prophets**. Instead, they are referring the many other **prophets** that God had sent. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “another one of the prophets” +16:15 cgiz rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense λέγει 1 To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “He said” +16:16 n5wi rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος 1 **Son** is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship with God the Father. +16:16 r1h7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος 1 Here, the phrase **the living God** identifies God as the one who “lives.” The primary point is that God actually “lives,” unlike idols and other things that people call “god.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that emphasizes that God really “lives.” Alternate translation: “of the God who lives” or “of the true God” +16:17 sash rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases δὲ 1 Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then” +16:17 yh0s rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result μακάριος εἶ, Σίμων Βαριωνᾶ, ὅτι σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι, ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses since the last clauses gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “Because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but my Father in the heavens, you are blessed, Simon Bar Jonah” +16:17 zm55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive μακάριος εἶ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God will bless you” +16:17 le6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate Σίμων Βαριωνᾶ 1 **Bar** is a word borrowed from Aramaic. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternative translation: “Simon son of Jonah”\n +16:17 gxjb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Βαριωνᾶ 1 The word **Jonah** is the name of a man. +16:17 g8s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι, ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 If your language would not naturally put the negative statement before the positive statement, you could reverse the two clauses here. Alternate translation: “my Father in the heavens revealed this to you, not flesh and blood” +16:17 dfw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with and. The words **flesh and blood** together identify what it means to be human. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use **and**. Alternate translation: “humans did not reveal this” or “no human being revealed this” +16:17 wix3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι 1 The pronoun **this** refers to Peter’s pronouncement in the previous verse that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to that pronouncement more directly. Alternate translation: “did not reveal to you that I am the Christ” or “did not reveal to you what you just said” 16:17 v5lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but my Father in the heavens revealed it to you” -16:17 gi3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατήρ μου 1 **Father** is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. Be sure to retain this title in your translation. -16:18 z897 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names ὅτι σὺ εἶ Πέτρος, καὶ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 Here, Jesus uses the imagery of **Peter** as a **rock**. The name **Peter** means **rock**. It might be helpful to state this explicitly in your language to make this imagery and wordplay clear to your readers. See how this is demonstrated in the UST. -16:18 x43d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 Here, **build my church** is a metaphor for uniting the people who believe in Jesus into a community. The phrase **this rock** could represent: (1) Peter himself. Alternate translation: “upon this rock, which is you” or (2) the truth that Peter had just said in [16:16](../16/16.md). Alternate translation: “upon what you have said, which is like a foundation of rock” If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. -16:18 vu9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy πύλαι ᾍδου οὐ κατισχύσουσιν αὐτῆς 1 Jesus is using the term **Hades** to mean death. He is using the term **gate** to mean the power which death has over people. Once a gate is shut, people can no longer leave. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the imprisoning power of death will not overpower it” -16:19 ysk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you δώσω σοι 1 Here, **you** is singular and refers to Peter. -16:19 pp5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor τὰς κλεῖδας τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν; καὶ 1 Here Jesus is using the term **keys** to refer to someone having authority in God’s kingdom. There is some debate about how much authority Peter is given here. (1) Some interpret the second half of the verse as describing the authority that Peter is given. Alternate translation: “the keys of the kingdom, so that” (2) Some say that Peter is given authority to decide who can and can not live with God forever. Alternate translation: “authority to decide who can come to live with me forever, and” If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. -16:19 k09j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὰς κλεῖδας 1 Here, **keys** are things used to unlock a door or gate so that people can enter or exit a place. And **keys** can also be used to make it so that a door cannot be opened, and people cannot go through it. Your language and culture may have a term for this that you can use in your translation. -16:19 kc3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 See how you translated **the kingdom of the heavens** in [3:2](../03/02.md). -16:19 ef9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὃ ἐὰν δήσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται δεδεμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς; καὶ ὃ ἐὰν λύσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται λελυμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Here, **bound** is a metaphor meaning to forbid something, and **loosed** is a metaphor meaning to allow something. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whatever you forbid to happen on the earth will be forbidden in heaven, and whatever you allow on the earth will be allowed in the heavens” -16:19 dy4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς -1 Jesus is using the phrase **in the heavens** to mean by God himself. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by God who is in the heavens … by God who is in the heavens” +16:17 gi3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples ὁ Πατήρ μου 1 **Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus his Son. +16:17 a3e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God the Father is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens” +16:18 dx2v κἀγὼ & σοι λέγω 1 Jesus uses the clause **I also say to you** this to emphasize what he is telling the Peter. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I also want you to know” +16:18 z897 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit σὺ εἶ Πέτρος 1 The name **Peter** means “rock.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you have the name Peter, which means ‘rock’” +16:18 c7rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ 1 Here Jesus could be referring to **this rock** in order to: (1) describe **Peter**, whose name means “rock,” as solid foundation, a **rock**, for the church. Alternate translation: “upon you, who are like a rock,” or “upon you” (2) refer to what Peter said about Jesus (that he is the Christ) as a solid foundation or **rock** for the church. Alternate translation: “upon your confession, which is like a rock,” or “upon your confession” +16:18 x43d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 Jesus here speaks as if his **church** were a building that someone could **build**. With this metaphor, he refers to making the **church** become stronger and more mature, just like the one who builds a house makes it strong and complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will strengthen my church as if I were building it” or “I will make my church strong” +16:18 vu9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor πύλαι ᾍδου 1 Here, Jesus could be referring to **the gates of Hades** in order to: (1) speak about how, when people enter through **the gates of Hades**, they die. Alternate translation: “death” or “the power of death” (2) speak about evil powers that come out through **the gates of Hades**. Alternate translation: “the powers of hell” or “evil powers” +16:18 l98f rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns αὐτῆς 1 The pronoun **it** refers to **my church**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer more directly to the church. Alternate translation: “my church” +16:19 pp5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor δώσω σοι τὰς κλεῖδας τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν 1 Here Jesus speaks of giving authority to Peter as if he were giving him **the keys of the kingdom of the heavens**. Christians debate what kind of authority this is, so if possible, you should preserve the metaphor or simply refer to some kind of authority. Alternate translation: “I will give to you the keys of the kingdom of the heavens so that you have authority” or “I will give you authority in the kingdom of the heavens” +16:19 k09j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown τὰς κλεῖδας τῆς Βασιλείας 1 The word **keys** refers to tools that are used to lock and unlock things, especially doors and gates. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tool, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the tools for locking and unlocking the kingdom” or “the openers for the kingdom”\n +16:19 dy4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases καὶ 1 Here, the word **and** introduces how Peter will exercise the authority that Jesus will give to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a result or goal. Alternate translation: “so that” +16:19 ef9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὃ ἐὰν δήσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται δεδεμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Here Jesus speaks of decisions that Peter and God make as if they were binding something. These decisions are specifically about requiring or enforcing something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Since Jesus uses very general language, your translation should also be very general. Alternate translation: “whatever you require on the earth will have been required in the heavens” or “whatever you enforce on the earth will have been enforced in the heavens” +16:19 ysk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἔσται δεδεμένον & ἔσται λελυμένον 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God will have bound … God will have loosed” +16:19 kc3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ὃ ἐὰν λύσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται λελυμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 Here Jesus speaks of decisions that Peter and God make as if they were binding something. These decisions are specifically about allowing or abrogating something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Since Jesus uses very general language, your translation should also be very general. Alternate translation: “whatever you allow on the earth will have been allowed in the heavens” or “whatever you annul on the earth will have been annulled in the heavens” +16:20 s024 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations τοῖς μαθηταῖς, ἵνα μηδενὶ εἴπωσιν ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “the disciples, ‘Tell no one that I am the Christ’” +16:20 b0bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations μηδενὶ εἴπωσιν ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “they tell no one, ‘He is the Christ’” 16:21 yile rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀπελθεῖν, καὶ πολλὰ παθεῖν ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, καὶ ἀρχιερέων, καὶ γραμματέων, καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναι καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι 1 Here, everything that Jesus says will happen to him: that he is **to go to Jerusalem**, **to suffer much from the elders and chief priests and scribes**, **to be killed**, **to be raised on the third day**, will happen as he said. Make sure this is clear in your language. Alternate translation: “to go to Jerusalem. Then, to suffer much from the elders and the chief priests and the scribes. Then to be killed, and afterwards, to be raised on the third day” 16:21 es1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ἐγερθῆναι 1 Here, **to be raised** is an idiom that means that God made Jesus alive again after he died. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to be brought back to life” 16:21 r5hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Matthew implies that “God” did it. Alternate translation: “God will raise me on the third day”