Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
front:intro	sa9c				0	# Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the book of Matthew\n\n1. The birth of Jesus Christ and the beginning of his ministry (1:1-4:25)\n1. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:28)\n1. Jesus illustrates the kingdom of God through acts of healing (8:1-9:34)\n1. Jesus teaches about mission and the kingdom (9:35-10:42)\n1. Jesus teaches about the gospel of the kingdom of God. Opposition to Jesus begins. (11:1-12:50)\n1. Jesus tells parables about the kingdom of God (13:1-52)\n1. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53-17:27)\n1. Jesus teaches about life in the kingdom of God (18:1-35)\n1. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1-22:46)\n1. Jesus teaches about the final judgment and salvation (23:1-25:46)\n1. The crucifixion of Jesus, his death and resurrection (26:1-28:19)\n\n### What is the book of Matthew about?\n\nThe Gospel of Matthew is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ. The authors of the Gospels wrote about different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. Matthew showed that Jesus was the Messiah, and God would save Israel through him. Matthew often explained that Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah. This may indicate that he expected most of his first readers to be Jewish. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “The Gospel of Matthew,” or “The Gospel according to Matthew.” Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, such as, “The Good News about Jesus that Matthew wrote.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### Who wrote the book of Matthew?\n\nThe book does not give the name of the author. However, since early Christian times, most Christians have thought that the author was the Apostle Matthew.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is the “kingdom of heaven?”\n\nMatthew spoke of the “kingdom of heaven” in the same way that other Gospel writers spoke of the kingdom of God. The kingdom of heaven represents God ruling over all people and all creation everywhere. Those whom God accepts into his kingdom will be blessed. They will live with God forever.\n\n### What were the teaching methods of Jesus?\n\nThe people regarded Jesus as a rabbi. A rabbi is a teacher of God’s law. Jesus taught in ways similar those of other religious teachers in Israel. He had students who followed him wherever he went. These students were called disciples. He often told parables. Parables are stories that teach moral lessons. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/parable]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What are the Synoptic Gospels?\n\nThe Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the Synoptic Gospels because they have many similar passages. The word “synoptic” means to “see together.”\n\nThe texts are considered “parallel” when they are the same or almost the same among two or three gospels. When translating parallel passages, translators should use the same wording and make them as similar as possible.\n\n### Why does Jesus refer to himself as the “Son of Man”?\n\nIn the gospels, Jesus calls himself the “Son of Man.” It is a reference to Daniel 7:13-14. In that passage there is a person described as a “son of man.” That means the person was someone who looked like a human being. God gave authority to the son of man to rule over the nations forever. All the people will worship him forever.\n\nJews of Jesus’ time did not use “Son of Man” as a title for anyone. Therefore, Jesus used it for himself to help them understand who he truly was. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]])\n\nTranslating the title “Son of Man” can be difficult in many languages. Readers may misunderstand a literal translation. Translators can consider alternatives, such as “The Human One.” It may also be helpful to include a footnote to explain the title.\n\n\n### What do “crowd” and “crowds” refer to in Matthew?\n\n### What are the major issues in the text of the book of Matthew?\n\nThe following verses are found in older versions of the Bible but are not included in most modern versions:\n* “Bless those who curse you; do good to those who hate you” (5:44)\n* “For yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen” (6:13)\n* “But this kind of demon does not go out except with prayer and fasting” (17:21)\n* “For the Son of Man came to save that which was lost” (18:11)\n* “Many are called, but few are chosen” (20:16)\n* “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for you devour widows’ houses, while you make a show of long prayers. You will therefore receive greater condemnation.” (23:14)\n\nTranslators are advised not to include these passages. However, if in the translators’ region, there are older versions of the Bible that include one or more of these passages, the translators may include them. If they are included, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to Matthew’s Gospel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
1:intro	y7kk				0	# Matthew 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n1. The birth of Jesus Christ and the beginning of his ministry (1:1-4:25)\n      * The genealogy of Jesus (1:1–17)\n      * Jesus’ parents and birth (1:18–25)\n\nSome translations set a quotation from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this in [1:23](../01/23.md) with the quote from [Isaiah 7:14](../isa/07/14.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Genealogy\n\nA genealogy is a list that records a person’s ancestors or descendants. Genealogies were important to the Jewish people because family lineage is how they decided how someone functioned in society. For instance, if someone was a descendant of Aaron, they were able to become priests. Similarly, if someone was a descendant of King David, they were able to become a king. This genealogy shows that Jesus was clearly a descendant of King David, and therefore, was able to become king.\n\n### The word “fathered”\n\nWhen Matthew uses the word “fathered,” he only means that the older man was an ancestor of the younger man. In most cases, the older man is the direct father of the younger man. However, sometimes the older man is a grandfather (for example, Josiah is the grandfather of Jechoniah) or a more distant ancestor (for example, Joram is the great-great-grandfather of Ozias). If possible, use a word that indicates that the older man is the ancestor of the younger man without stating that the older man is the father of the younger man. If you need to be more specific, the UST provides one way to do so.\n\n### Three groups of 14\n\nMatthew concludes the genealogy by dividing it up three groups of 14 generations. He divides the groups by using two key events in Israel’s history: David starting his dynasty and the Babylonians capturing Jerusalem. In order to count 14 generations from Abraham until David, both Abraham and David need to be included. To count 14 generations from David until the Babylonian deportation, David needs to be excluded but Jechoniah needs to be included. To count 14 generations from the Babylonian deportation until the Christ, both Jechoniah and Christ need to be included. The ULT and UST divide the section into paragraphs based on the divisions. Consider how you might show these divisions in your translation.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Stating that Mary became pregnant\n\nIn [1:18](../01/18.md), [1:20](../01/20.md), and [1:23](../01/23.md), Matthew refers to a woman becoming pregnant, but he excludes the involvement of a man in the process. He uses the phrases “to have in the womb” and “having been conceived in her” to avoid referring to the male role in conception. In your translation, you should not identify the Holy Spirit as the one who performed the normal male role, since the Holy Spirit did not have sex with Mary. Instead, the Holy Spirit performed a miracle. So, use a form that does not refer to the male role in conception or a form that denies that a man was involved.\n\n### Translating names\n\nIn the genealogy, Matthew uses specific Greek spellings of names. These spellings do not always match the Hebrew spellings of the names that you can read in the Old Testament. The ULT and UST spell out how these names sound as Matthew wrote them in Greek. In contrast, some translations spell out these names as they appear in the Old Testament. Consider spelling these names as do other translations that your readers might be familiar with. Otherwise, consider whether your team wishes to spell names in the same way throughout the Bible or whether you will spell them differently in different places. If you do spell them differently in different places, you may need to include footnotes that provide other spellings.
1:1	n4xw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	βίβλος γενέσεως	1	Here, the phrase **book of the genealogy** could refer to: (1) just the list of Jesus’ ancestors that follows in [1:2–17](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “The book of the ancestry” (2) the list of Jesus’ ancestors as well as information about his birth and childhood (see [1:2–2:23](../01/02.md)). Alternate translation: “The book of the ancestors and birth”
1:1	a1t0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	βίβλος γενέσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe a **book** that contains the **genealogy** that lists the ancestors of **Jesus Christ**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “The book that contains the genealogy concerning Jesus Christ”
1:1	nlc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	βίβλος	1	Here, **book** represents a written record. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The written record” or “The list”
1:1	vpg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	υἱοῦ Δαυεὶδ, υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ	1	Here, Matthew is speaking of a male descendant as if he were a **son**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is descended from David, who is descended from Abraham”
1:1	zw1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ	1	Here Matthew could mean: (1) that David is a **son of Abraham**. Alternate translation: “who was a son of Abraham” (2) that Jesus is a **son of Abraham**. Alternate translation: “and also son of Abraham”
1:2	cyc6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἀβραὰμ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰσαάκ, Ἰσαὰκ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰακώβ, Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰούδαν καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ	1	Here Matthew begins a list of Jesus’ ancestors. Consider how people normally list ancestors in your language. Use the same wording throughout the whole list ([1:2–16](../01/02.md)). Possible formats are: (1) “Abraham’s son was Isaac, and Isaac’s son was Jacob, and Jacob’s sons were Judah and his brothers” (2) “Isaac’s father was Abraham, and Jacob’s father was Isaac, and Judah’s father was Jacob” (3) “Abraham fathered Isaac, who fathered Jacob, who fathered Judah and his brothers”
1:2	wiqy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἀβραὰμ & τὸν Ἰσαάκ, Ἰσαὰκ & τὸν Ἰακώβ, Ἰακὼβ & τὸν Ἰούδαν	1	Unless a note specifies otherwise, all the names in the list of ancestors ([1:2–16](../01/02.md)) are names of men.
1:2	pl71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ	1	**Judah** had 11 **brothers**, and some of them were older and some of them were younger. Make sure this is clear if your language marks these distinctions.
1:3	ncga		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἰούδας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Φαρὲς καὶ τὸν Ζάρα ἐκ τῆς Θαμάρ, Φαρὲς δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἑσρώμ, Ἑσρὼμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀράμ,	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verse.
1:3	g8y6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	ἐκ τῆς Θαμάρ	1	The word **Tamar** is the name of a woman. She was the daughter-in-law of **Judah**.
1:3	sn21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	τὸν Ἑσρώμ, Ἑσρὼμ & τὸν Ἀράμ	1	Many translations spell **Hezrom** as “Hezron” and **Aram** as “Ram.” Consider how translations with which your readers might be familiar spell these names. Alternate translation: “Hezron … Hezron … Ram”
1:4	kywc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἀρὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀμιναδάβ, Ἀμιναδὰβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ναασσών, Ναασσὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σαλμών,	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:4	xlps		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἀρὰμ	1	Many translations spell **Aram** as “Ram.” Consider how translations with which your readers might be familiar spell this name. Alternate translation: “Ram”
1:5	w4mz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Σαλμὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Βόες ἐκ τῆς Ῥαχάβ, Βόες δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωβὴδ ἐκ τῆς Ῥούθ, Ἰωβὴδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰεσσαί,	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:5	q5bd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ῥαχάβ & Ῥούθ	1	The words **Rahab** and **Ruth** are the names of women. **Rahab** protected Israelite spies when the Israelites were about to conquer the land that God had promised to give them. **Ruth** was from Moab but believed in God and traveled to Israel with her mother-in-law, Naomi.
1:6	e1rp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἰεσσαὶ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Δαυεὶδ τὸν βασιλέα. Δαυεὶδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σολομῶνα ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Οὐρίου,	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:6	msbw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Οὐρίου	1	**Uriah** was one of the leaders of the Israelite army, a leader whom **David** trusted. However, David saw Uriah’s wife, named Bathsheba, and wanted her for himself. He had Uriah killed and took Uriah’s wife for himself. You can read about this story in [2 Samual 11:1–27](../2sa/11/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could include some extra information if your readers would not know this story. Alternate translation: “by Bathsheba the wife of Uriah, whom he had killed”
1:7	nc4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Σολομὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ῥοβοάμ, Ῥοβοὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀβιά, Ἀβιὰ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀσάφ	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:7	dvau		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	τὸν Ἀσάφ	1	Many translations spell **Asaph** as “Asa.” Consider how translations with which your readers might be familiar spell this name. Alternate translation: “Asa”
1:8	jnly		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἀσὰφ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσαφάτ, Ἰωσαφὰτ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωράμ, Ἰωρὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ὀζείαν	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:8	zcs9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἀσὰφ & τὸν Ὀζείαν	1	Many translations spell **Asaph** as “Asa” and **Ozias** as “Uzziah.” Consider how translations with which your readers might be familiar spell these names. Alternate translation: “Asa … Uzziah”
1:8-9	ei0o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Ἰωρὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ὀζείαν, Ὀζείας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωαθάμ	1	In these two verses, Matthew lists **Joram**, **Ozias**, and **Jotham**. In the list of kings in 1 Chronicles 3, however, there are four names between **Joram** and **Jotham** (see [1 Chronicles 3:11–12](../1co/03/11.md)), not one. So, Matthew has not mentioned three of these kings, and the word translated **fathered** only requires the older person to be an ancestor of the younger person, who could be a son, grandson, great-grandson, or even great-great-grandson. It is unclear exactly where in the list Matthew leaves out the three kings. He could be using the name **Ozias**: (1) to refer to the king that 1 Chronicles names “Azariah.” In this case, **Ozias** is the great-great-grandson of **Joram** and the father of **Jotham**. Alternate translation: “and Joram was the great-great-grandfather of Ozias, and Ozias fathered Jotham” (2) to refer to the king that 1 Chronicles names “Ahaziah.” In this case, **Ozias** is the son of **Joram** and the great-great-grandfather of **Jotham**. Alternate translation: “and Joram fathered Ozias, and Ozias was the great-great-grandfather of Jotham”
1:9	m35z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ὀζείας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωαθάμ, Ἰωαθὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀχάζ, Ἀχὰζ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἑζεκίαν	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:9	lj7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ὀζείας	1	Many translations spell **Ozias** as “Uzziah.” Consider how translations with which your readers might be familiar spell this name. Alternate translation: “Uzziah”
1:10	zgmk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἑζεκίας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Μανασσῆ, Μανασσῆς δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀμώς, Ἀμὼς δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσίαν	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:10	odm9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	τὸν Ἀμώς, Ἀμὼς	1	Many translations spell **Amos** as “Amon.” Consider how translations with which your readers might be familiar spell this name. Alternate translation: “Amon … Amon”
1:11	t8ob		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἰωσίας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰεχονίαν καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:11	c2bh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Ἰωσίας & ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰεχονίαν	1	In [1 Chronicles 3:15–16](../1ch/03/15.md), **Josiah** is listed as the father of Jehoiakim, who is the father of **Jechoniah**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that **Josiah** was the grandfather of **Jechoniah**. Alternate translation: “Josiah fathered the father of Jechoniah”
1:11	vzs3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ	1	If you must specify whether these **brothers** were older or younger, it is more likely that they were younger brothers. Alternate translation: “his younger brothers”
1:11	v2im		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐπὶ τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος	1	Here Matthew refers to how the Babylonians conquered Jerusalem and took most of the people away to the country of Babylon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when the Babylonians captured Jerusalem and took many people away”
1:12	y7cx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μετὰ & τὴν μετοικεσίαν Βαβυλῶνος	1	Here Matthew refers to the same event that he referred to in [1:11](../01/11.md). Express the idea in the same way you did there. Alternate translation: “after the Babylonians captured Jerusalem and took many people away”
1:12	ua1g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἰεχονίας ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σαλαθιήλ, Σαλαθιὴλ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ζοροβαβέλ	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:12	ya86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	τὸν Σαλαθιήλ, Σαλαθιὴλ	1	Many translations spell **Salathiel** as “Shealtiel.” Consider how translations with which your readers might be familiar spell this name. Alternate translation: “Shealtiel … Shealtiel”
1:12	qqo6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Σαλαθιὴλ & ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ζοροβαβέλ	1	In [1 Chronicles 3:19](../1co/03/19.md), a brother of **Salathiel** named Pedaiah is listed as the father of **Zerubbabel**. However, early Greek translations of [1 Chronicles 3:19](../1co/03/19.md) list **Salathiel** as the father of **Zerubabbel**. Matthew most likely used a Bible like these early Greek translations, so he probably intended his readers to think of **Salathiel** as the father of **Zerubbabel** and not as his uncle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include some of this information in a footnote.
1:13	dcab		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ζοροβαβὲλ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀβιούδ, Ἀβιοὺδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἐλιακείμ, Ἐλιακεὶμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀζώρ	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:14	seok		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἀζὼρ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σαδώκ, Σαδὼκ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀχείμ, Ἀχεὶμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἐλιούδ	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:15	d8av		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἐλιοὺδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἐλεάζαρ, Ἐλεάζαρ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Μαθθάν, Μαθθὰν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰακώβ	1	This is a continuation of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:16	sq31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσὴφ τὸν ἄνδρα Μαρίας	1	This is the end of the list of Jesus’ ancestors that began in [1:2](../01/02.md). Use the same format as you used in the previous verses.
1:16	wdbo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Μαρίας	1	The word **Mary** is the name of a woman.
1:16	b3bm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐξ ἧς ἐγεννήθη Ἰησοῦς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who gave birth to Jesus”\n
1:16	ovf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός	1	Here, the phrase **the one called Christ** distinguishes this **Jesus** from any other people named Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that distinguishes between this **Jesus** and any other people with that name. Alternate translation: “the Jesus called Christ” or “specifically the one who is called Christ”
1:16	z2rg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “whom people call Christ”
1:17	vdhv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπὸ Ἀβραὰμ ἕως Δαυεὶδ γενεαὶ δεκατέσσαρες, καὶ ἀπὸ Δαυεὶδ ἕως τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος γενεαὶ δεκατέσσαρες, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος ἕως τοῦ Χριστοῦ γενεαὶ δεκατέσσαρες	1	In order to count 14 generations **from Abraham until David**, both Abraham and David need to be included. To count 14 generations **from David until the Babylonian deportation**, David needs to be excluded but Jechoniah needs to be included. To count 14 generations **from the Babylonian deportation until the Christ**, both Jechoniah and Jesus need to be included. Consider how you might express the calculations so that they match with the list. Alternate translation: “from Abraham up to and including David were 14 generations, and after David and until the Babylonian deportation were 14 generations, and starting with the Babylonian deportation and counting up to and including the Christ were 14 generations”
1:17	z5xw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῆς μετοικεσίας Βαβυλῶνος	-1	Here Matthew refers to the same event that he referred to in [1:11–12](../01/11.md). Express the idea in the same way you did in those verses. Alternate translation: “the Babylonians captured Jerusalem and took many people away … when that happened”
1:18	gnl6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces a new section in this book that focuses on **the birth of Jesus Christ**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a new section, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
1:18	cqt1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μνηστευθείσης & τῷ Ἰωσήφ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was her parents. Alternate translation: “whose parents promised to Joseph that she would marry him”
1:18	xvk1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	πρὶν & συνελθεῖν αὐτοὺς	1	Matthew is referring in a polite way to having sex by using the phrase **came together**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “before they consummated the marriage” or “before they had sex”
1:18	in4a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	εὑρέθη ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “was having in the womb” or “realized that she was having in the womb”
1:18	q6y8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα	1	Here, the phrase **having in the womb** refers to being pregnant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to be with child” or “to be pregnant”
1:18	a71d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου	1	The phrase **from the Holy Spirit** indicates that Mary did not become pregnant in the usual way, that is, by having sex with a man. Rather, she became pregnant because the Holy Spirit caused her to be pregnant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “by the power of the Holy Spirit” or “because of the Holy Spirit’s work”
1:19	h941		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
1:19	yufg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Ἰωσὴφ & ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς	1	Matthew implies that Joseph did not know that the baby came from the Holy Spirit. Joseph thought that Mary had become pregnant after having sex with another man, which is why he wanted **to divorce her**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that Joseph did not know that the Holy Spirit had caused Mary to be pregnant. Alternate translation: “Joseph her husband thought that she had been unfaithful, so”
1:19	pu3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς & ἀπολῦσαι αὐτήν	1	As the previous verse shows (see [1:18](../01/18.md)), Mary and Joseph were not yet married. In their culture, however, being “engaged” was a promise to marry, so Matthew can refer to **Joseph** as Mary’s **husband**. He can also refer to breaking the engagement as divorce. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use clarify that Matthew is referring to an engaged man breaking the engagement. Alternate translation: “her fiancé … to break the engagement with her”
1:20	iip4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous	ταῦτα & αὐτοῦ ἐνθυμηθέντος, ἰδοὺ, ἄγγελος Κυρίου & ἐφάνη	1	The angel appeared to Joseph while he was deciding to divorce Mary. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this relationship more explicit. Alternate translation: “during the time when Joseph was reflecting on these things, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared”
1:20	y747		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express behold with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
1:20	meua		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he declared”
1:20	lc8r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	υἱὸς Δαυείδ	1	Here, Matthew is speaking of a male descendant as if he were a **son**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is descended from David”
1:20	fgby		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μὴ φοβηθῇς παραλαβεῖν Μαρίαν τὴν γυναῖκά σου; τὸ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ Πνεύματός ἐστιν Ἁγίου	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the command in the first clauses. Alternate translation: “the one having been conceived in Mary is from the Holy Spirit, so you should not fear to take her as your wife”
1:20	va5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ & ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ Πνεύματός ἐστιν Ἁγίου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit is the one who caused her to conceive her child”
1:21	yucr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν; αὐτὸς γὰρ σώσει τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the command that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “and because he will save his people from their sins, you will call his name Jesus”
1:21	ifq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	καλέσεις	1	Here the angel gives a command using the future tense. If your language does not use the future tense for commands, you could use a form that your language uses to express commands. Alternate translation: “you must call” or “you are to call”
1:21	v02j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	καλέσεις	1	Here, the word **you** is singular since the angel is speaking to Joseph.
1:21	j38f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Ἰησοῦν; αὐτὸς γὰρ σώσει τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν	1	The name **Jesus** means “the Lord saves” in Hebrew. The angel is explaining that **Jesus** should have this name because **he will save his people**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain what Jesus’ name means or include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “Jesus, for, as his name indicates, he will save his people from their sins” or “Jesus, that is, ‘the Lord saves,’ since he will save his people from their sins”
1:21	ocr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **his people** refers most directly to Jewish people, but it also includes anyone who believes in **Jesus**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that identifies a group of people who belong to or are connected with Jesus. Alternate translation: “his own people” or “the people who belong to him”
1:22	q4lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the Matthew’s comment on what he has narrated so far. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a comment from the narrator, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I note that” or “As a matter of fact,”
1:22	rlse		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τοῦτο & ὅλον γέγονεν	1	The pronoun **this** refers to what Matthew has said about Mary becoming pregnant before she and Joseph were married (see [1:18–21](../01/18.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer more directly to these events. Alternate translation: “Jesus was born in that way” or “what I have told you happened”
1:22	uwvw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πληρωθῇ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it might fulfill”
1:22	c1vw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ Κυρίου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the Lord spoke”
1:22	p39k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ προφήτου	1	The **prophet** to whom Matthew refers is Isaiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Isaiah the prophet”
1:22	e8ld		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντος	1	In Matthew’s culture, **saying** was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book written by Isaiah the prophet (see [Isaiah 7:14](../isa/07/14.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “who wrote in the book of Isaiah” or “who declared”
1:23	wlft		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **Behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express behold with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “Pay attention:” or “Listen to me:”
1:23	c6yk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἡ παρθένος	1	Although the word translated **virgin** occasionally refers to any young woman, whether she has had sex or not, the word normally refers to a young woman who has not had sex. This is what Matthew means here, so you should use a word or phrase that refers to a woman who is old enough to get married but who has not yet had sex. Alternate translation: “the marriageable woman who has not had sex”
1:23	nlp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν γαστρὶ ἕξει	1	Here, the phrase **have in her womb** refers to a woman being pregnant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be with child” or “will be expecting a baby”
1:23	qg9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	καλέσουσιν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to people in general. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use a form that refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “others will call” or “everyone will call”
1:23	sln1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	Ἐμμανουήλ, ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον, μεθ’ ἡμῶν ὁ Θεός	1	The word **Immanuel** is a Hebrew word. Matthew spelled it out using Greek letters so his readers would know how it sounded, and then he explained what it meant: **God with us**. In your translation you can spell it the way it sounds in your language and then explain its meaning. Alternate translation: “Immanuel,’ which is a Hebrew word that is translated as ‘God with us’”
1:23	lm6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον, μεθ’ ἡμῶν ὁ Θεός.	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which we translate as ‘God with us’” or “this name means ‘God with us’”
1:24	sxsv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After the angel spoke to him,” or “Next,”
1:24	ioyp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐγερθεὶς & ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “having woken from his sleep” or “having risen from sleep”
1:24	iue3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ παρέλαβεν	1	Here, the word **and** introduces how Joseph **did as the angel of the Lord commanded him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this relationship more explicit. Alternate translation: “by taking her”
1:25	mem5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	1	Here, the word **And** introduces something that is unexpected for people who have gotten married. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces something that is unexpected. Alternate translation: “But” or “Despite that,”
1:25	i7p5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	οὐκ ἐγίνωσκεν αὐτὴν	1	Matthew is referring in a polite way to having sex by using the word **know**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. See how you translated the euphemism for having sex in [1:18](../01/18.md). Alternate translation: “he did not consummate the marriage with her” or “he did not sleep with her”
1:25	v3xe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οὐκ ἐγίνωσκεν & ἐκάλεσεν & αὐτοῦ	1	Here, both times the pronoun **he** occurs, it refers to Joseph. The pronoun **his** refers to the **son**, Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use names instead of pronouns. Alternate translation: “Joseph did not know … Joseph called the son’s”
1:25	mclm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	ἕως οὗ	1	Christians disagree about whether Joseph had sex with Mary after Jesus was born. In this verse, Matthew only refers to the time before Jesus was born. If possible, use a form that only refers to this time period and does not imply anything about what happened after Jesus was born. Alternate translation: “prior to when” or “during time before”
2:intro	dz1c				0	# Matthew 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n1. The birth of Jesus Christ and the beginning of his ministry (1:1-4:25)\n      * The visit of the learned men (2:1–12)\n      * Joseph, Mary, and Jesus escape to Egypt (2:13–15)\n      * Herod kills the baby boys in Bethlehem (2:16–18)\n      * Joseph, Mary, and Jesus settle in Nazareth (2:19–23)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in verses 6 and 18, which are quotations from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### “Learned men”\n\nIn this chapter, Matthew tells about how “learned men” from countries to the east of Judea visited Jesus in order to worship him. These were educated men who studied dreams and stars in the sky to try to learn about what was happening and what would happen in the future. Matthew does not present them as if they are evil. Consider how you might naturally refer to this kind of educated man. The ULT provides a general translation (“learned men”), and the UST illustrates how to use a descriptive phrase (“scholars who studied the stars”).\n\n### The star\n\nThe learned men journey to Jerusalem because they see a specific star. Matthew further describes how this star moved in the sky until it was directly above where Jesus was living. It is not clear exactly what this star was. Scholars have suggested that it was one of the planets, a shooting star, a comet, or a bright angel. If possible, use a word or phrase that refers generally to a natural source of light in the sky. If you need to be more specific, could use a word or phrase that refers to stars, especially the kinds of stars that move or appear to move in the sky.\n\n### The journeys of Joseph, Mary, and Jesus\n\nIn this chapter, Matthew narrates several journeys that Joseph, Mary, and Jesus took. At first, they are in Bethlehem, which is a city near the capital city of Judea, Jerusalem. After the learned men visit, God warns Joseph to journey to Egypt, a country to the southwest of Judea, in order to escape from Herod, the king of Judea. After Herod dies, God tells Joseph that he can take his family back to Israel. However, he does not take his family back to Judea, because Herod’s son is now reigning in Herod’s place. Instead, he and his family travel to Nazareth, a city in the region of Galilee, which is north of Judea. When Matthew uses movement words, make sure that your translation fits with these journeys.
2:1	sdst		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
2:1	j9yn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	τοῦ & Ἰησοῦ γεννηθέντος	1	Here, the phrase **Jesus having been born** states what happened before the **learned men from the east arrived in Jerusalem**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this relationship more explicit. Alternate translation: “after Jesus had been born”
2:1	esbr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	Βηθλέεμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας	1	Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to indicate that **Bethlehem** is in **Judea**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Bethlehem in Judea”
2:1	kf5g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν ἡμέραις Ἡρῴδου τοῦ βασιλέως	1	The phrase **in the days of** someone who is a **king** refers to the period of time in which that person ruled as **king**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “while Herod the king ruled” or “during the reign of Herod the king”
2:1	azm5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “pay attention”
2:1	p6gc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν	1	Here, the phrase **the east** refers to countries to the **east** of **Judea**. Matthew does not tell us exactly which country or countries he means. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer more explicitly to countries to the east. Alternate translation: “who were from countries to the east of Judea”
2:2	o2f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they were saying”
2:2	o4lu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ τεχθεὶς Βασιλεὺς	1	Here the learned men could mean that: (1) **the one having been born** is destined to be **King of the Jews**. Alternate translation: “the one having been born to be King” (2) **the one having been born** is already the **King of the Jews**. Alternate translation: “the one having been born who is King”
2:2	a67k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ τεχθεὶς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one whose birth recently happened, the one who is”
2:2	w3nc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the learned men are asking about the **King of the Jews**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a question, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “We ask because” or “Indeed,”
2:2	zj7c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	αὐτοῦ τὸν ἀστέρα	1	Here, the learned men are using the possessive form to describe a **star** that marks or identifies the **King of the Jews**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the star that identifies him” or “the star that proves he has been born”
2:2	n3a2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ	1	Here, the phrase **in the east** could refer to: (1) when the star appeared above the horizon. Alternate translation: “when it rose” (2) where the star appeared in the sky. Alternate translation: “as it rose in the east”
2:2	xthm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἤλθομεν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went”
2:2	v248		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προσκυνῆσαι	1	The phrase **to worship** can be used for how one behaves before God, but it can also be used for how one behaves before a king. Matthew uses this phrase because the learned men considered Jesus to be a king, but Matthew considers Jesus to be God. So, both meanings of the phrase **to worship** are included here. If possible, use a form that could be used for how one acts before both kings and God. If you must make a distinction, it is recommended that you use a form that refers to worshiping God. Alternate translation: “to bow before” or “to kneel before him to honor”
2:3	lhk6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
2:3	b0gt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα μετ’ αὐτοῦ	1	Matthew is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “all Jerusalem became troubled with him”
2:3	qu3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα	1	Here, **Jerusalem** refers to the people who live in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “all the people in Jerusalem”
2:3	mc1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πᾶσα	1	Matthew says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “most of” or “the majority of”
2:4	tkxe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ λαοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **the people** refers to the Jewish people. Matthew means that the **chief priests** and the **scribes** were part of the Jewish people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the Jews” or “who belonged to the Jewish people”
2:4	ne4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἐπυνθάνετο παρ’ αὐτῶν ποῦ ὁ Χριστὸς γεννᾶται	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “he inquired from them where the Christ would be born.”
2:4	cbxv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ Χριστὸς γεννᾶται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is the place of Christ’s birth” or “is the Christ’s birthplace”
2:4	mi51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	ὁ Χριστὸς γεννᾶται	1	Here Herod asks a question about the location of Christ’s birth using the present tense. You could use whatever tense is natural in your language for this kind of question. Alternate translation: “will the Christ be born”
2:5	w68n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἐν Βηθλέεμ	1	The chief priests and scribes are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “He is born in Bethlehem”
2:5	l7mh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	Βηθλέεμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας	1	See how you translated this phrase in [2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “Bethlehem in Judea”
2:5	o460		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	οὕτως & γέγραπται διὰ τοῦ προφήτου	1	In Matthew’s culture, **for thus it has been written through the prophet** is a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book written by Micah the prophet (see [Micah 5:2](../mic/05/02.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “this is what God had Micah the prophet write down:”
2:5	z2i4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὕτως & γέγραπται διὰ τοῦ προφήτου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “thus the prophet wrote” or “thus God told the prophet to write”
2:6	uu4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	καὶ σύ Βηθλέεμ, γῆ Ἰούδα, οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἶ ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα; ἐκ σοῦ γὰρ ἐξελεύσεται ἡγούμενος, ὅστις ποιμανεῖ τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ἰσραήλ.	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. If you use the following alternate translation, you will need to delete the comma at the end of the previous verse and only use one quotation mark at the end of this verse. Alternate translation: “that you, Bethlehem, land of Judah, are by no means least among the leaders of Judah, for from you will come out a ruling one who will shepherd God’s people Israel”
2:6	kmw7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	καὶ σύ Βηθλέεμ, γῆ Ἰούδα, οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἶ ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα; ἐκ σοῦ γὰρ ἐξελεύσεται ἡγούμενος, ὅστις ποιμανεῖ τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ἰσραήλ	1	Micah was speaking to **Bethlehem** as if it were a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could direct the speech to the people who live in **Bethlehem**, or you could refer to **Bethlehem** in the third person. Alternate translation: “And Bethlehem, land of Judah, is by no means least among the leaders of Judah, for from this town a ruler will come out a ruling one who will shepherd my people Israel”
2:6	ez40		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σύ & σοῦ	1	The word **you** is singular in this verse because Micah is speaking to **Bethlehem**.
2:6	c2cl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη	1	The prophet Micah is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative phrase, **by no means**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning, **least**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “very great” or “important”
2:6	pi6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα	1	Since Micah is speaking to **Bethlehem** as if it were a person, he refers important towns in **Judah** as if they were **leaders**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the leading towns of Judah” or “the great cities in Judah”
2:6	rihn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐκ σοῦ & ἐξελεύσεται ἡγούμενος	1	Here Micah refers to a person from Bethlehem becoming a **ruling one** as if the person were coming out of Bethlehem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person from you will be a ruling one”
2:6	tg5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ποιμανεῖ	1	Here, the prophet Micah is speaking of leading caring for the **people** as if it were shepherding. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will lead and care for”\n
2:7	uusp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸν χρόνον τοῦ φαινομένου ἀστέρος	1	Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe the **time** when the **star** appeared. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the time at which the star appeared”
2:7	h2y0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἠκρίβωσεν παρ’ αὐτῶν τὸν χρόνον τοῦ φαινομένου ἀστέρος.	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “inquired from them, ‘What was the time of the appearing of the star?’”
2:8	jtw7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	καὶ πέμψας αὐτοὺς εἰς Βηθλέεμ εἶπεν, πορευθέντες ἐξετάσατε ἀκριβῶς περὶ τοῦ παιδίου; ἐπὰν δὲ εὕρητε, ἀπαγγείλατέ μοι ὅπως κἀγὼ ἐλθὼν προσκυνήσω αὐτῷ	1	Matthew tells how King Herod sent the learned men to Bethlehem before he mentions what King Herod told them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could rearrange this verse so that it tells the events in sequential order. Alternate translation: “And he said, ‘Having gone, search carefully for the young child, and after you have found him, report to me so that I also, having come, might worship him.’ Then, he sent them to Bethlehem.”\n
2:8	sbwi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	πορευθέντες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “Having come”
2:8	iod8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
2:8	g4d0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προσκυνήσω	1	Translate **worship** as you did in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “bow before” or “kneel before him to honor”
2:9	zws5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐπορεύθησαν	1	Here Matthew implies that they went to Bethlehem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “went to Bethlehem”
2:9	fzm1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “pay attention”
2:9	yb5t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ	1	Translate this phrase as you did in [2:2](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “when it rose” or “as it rose in the east”
2:9	iknf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	προῆγεν αὐτούς ἕως ἐλθὼν ἐστάθη ἐπάνω οὗ ἦν τὸ παιδίον	1	Here Matthew speaks as if the **star** were a person who could go somewhere and stand there. He means that the star moved in the sky until it was directly above the place where Jesus was staying. We do not know exactly how the **star** moved or what it looked like. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state directly that the star moved and then stopped. Alternate translation: “was moving in the sky ahead of them until it was above where the young child was. Then it stopped moving”
2:10	otdt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἰδόντες & τὸν ἀστέρα	1	Here Matthew could mean that: (1) they saw how the star moved and then stopped over where Jesus was. Alternate translation: “having seen that the star had stopped” or “having seen that the star was guiding them” (2) they saw that the star had appeared again. Alternate translation: “having seen the star again” or “having seen the reappear”
2:10	vd00		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **joy** or would not use both the noun **joy** and the verb **rejoiced** together, you could express the same idea by using only the verb. Alternate translation: “they rejoiced very much” or “they rejoiced exceedingly greatly”
2:11	y2tl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθόντες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come”
2:11	kidl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πεσόντες	1	Here Matthew means that the learned men kneeled on the ground or bowed down very low. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “kneeled down” or “prostrating themselves”
2:11	q8vp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προσεκύνησαν	1	Translate **worshiped** as you did in [2:2](../02/02.md) and [2:8](../02/08.md). Alternate translation: “bowed before” or “kneeled before him to honor”
2:11	r452		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τοὺς θησαυροὺς αὐτῶν	1	Here, **their treasures** refers to the boxes or bags they used to carry their gifts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the containers that held their treasures” or “their treasure boxes”
2:12	th3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	χρηματισθέντες	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God having warned them”
2:12	fjue		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	κατ’ ὄναρ μὴ ἀνακάμψαι πρὸς Ἡρῴδην & ἀνεχώρησαν	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “through a dream, ‘Do not return to Herod,’ they departed”
2:13	k00j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
2:13	l4ue		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “pay attention”
2:13	pr5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	φαίνεται	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “appeared”
2:13	dawp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he commanded him”
2:13	ygms		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἐγερθεὶς, παράλαβε τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ φεῦγε εἰς Αἴγυπτον, καὶ ἴσθι ἐκεῖ ἕως ἂν εἴπω σοι; μέλλει γὰρ Ἡρῴδης ζητεῖν τὸ παιδίον τοῦ ἀπολέσαι αὐτό	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the last clause gives the reason for the command in the first clauses. Alternate translation: “Because Herod is going to seek the young child to kill him, having gotten up, take the young child and his mother, and flee to Egypt, and remain there until I tell you.”
2:13	v88f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕως ἂν εἴπω σοι	1	Here the angel implies that he will **tell** Joseph that it is safe to return to his home. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “until I tell you it is safe to come back”
2:14	drx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	νυκτὸς	1	Here Matthew implies that they **departed for Egypt** the same **night** in which Joseph had the dream. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “that very night”
2:15	ft3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἦν	1	Matthew implies that Mary and Jesus also lived in Egypt with Joseph. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Joseph, Mary, and Jesus were”
2:15	we5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πληρωθῇ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this might fulfill”
2:15	lv97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ Κυρίου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what the Lord spoke”
2:15	rbm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ προφήτου	1	The **prophet** to whom Matthew refers is Hosea. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Hosea the prophet”
2:15	s792		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντος	1	In Matthew’s culture, saying was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book written by Hosea the prophet (see [Hosea 11:1](../hos/11/01.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “who wrote in the book of Hosea” or “who declared”\n
2:15	imhz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκάλεσα	1	Here the author of the quotation, Hosea, implies that God is summoning his **son** from Egypt. He is not just speaking to his **son**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I summoned”
2:16	aygj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἰδὼν	1	Here, Paul speaks of knowing as if it were seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having learned” or “having known”
2:16	bhtt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐνεπαίχθη ὑπὸ τῶν μάγων	1	Matthew implies that Herod realized that the **learned men** were not going to visit him and tell him where Jesus was. That is why he felt **mocked**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he had been mocked by the learned men, who were not going to return” or “the learned men had deceived him by not coming back to him”
2:16	g513		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐνεπαίχθη ὑπὸ τῶν μάγων	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the learned men had mocked him”
2:16	d8d5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀποστείλας, ἀνεῖλεν	1	Here Matthew implies that Herod sent other people to kill the **children**. He did not kill the children himself. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this idea more explicitly. Alternate translation: “he sent forth his soldiers to kill”
2:16	tvj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀπὸ διετοῦς καὶ κατωτέρω	1	Here, the phrase **from two years and under** identifies **children** that are two years old or younger than two years old. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase in your language. Alternate translation: “from those who where just born to those who were two years old” or “those who were younger than three years old”
2:16	es2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κατὰ τὸν χρόνον ὃν ἠκρίβωσεν παρὰ τῶν μάγων	1	Here Matthew implies that Herod decided what ages of baby boys to have killed based on when the learned men first saw the star. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “basing this decision on the time of the star’s appearance that he had determined exactly from the learned men”
2:17	x68m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous	τότε	1	Here, the word **Then** indicates that the prophecy was fulfilled at the time when Herod had his soldiers kill the baby boys in Bethlehem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces something that happens at the same time. Alternate translation: “And so” or “It was then that”
2:17	l8g5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐπληρώθη τὸ ῥηθὲν	1	See how your translated the similar passive forms in [1:22](../01/22.md) and [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “these events fulfilled what God spoke”
2:17	ykxc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντος	1	In Matthew’s culture, **saying** was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book written by **Jeremiah the prophet** (see [Jeremiah 31:15](../jer/31/15.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “who wrote in the book of Jeremiah” or “who declared”
2:18	zm17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	φωνὴ ἐν Ῥαμὰ ἠκούσθη, κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὀδυρμὸς πολύς, Ῥαχὴλ κλαίουσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς, καὶ οὐκ ἤθελεν παρακληθῆναι	1	This prophecy speaks of women who live in **Ramah** as if they were **Rachel**, their ancestor. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer directly to the women who are descended from **Rachel**. Alternate translation: “Voices were heard in Ramah, weeping and great mourning, women descended from Rachel weeping for their children, and not willing to be comforted”
2:18	k91t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	φωνὴ & ἠκούσθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There was a voice” or “People heard a voice”
2:18	x062		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὀδυρμὸς πολύς	1	The terms **weeping** and **great mourning** mean similar things. Matthew is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “much weeping” or “deep mourning”
2:18	sve3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὐκ ἤθελεν παρακληθῆναι, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσίν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “because they are no more, she is not willing to be comforted”
2:18	rgg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἤθελεν παρακληθῆναι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she was not willing to receive comfort” or “no one could comfort her”
2:18	p9ri		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	οὐκ εἰσίν	1	The author of the quotation is referring to the death of the children in a polite way by using the phrase **they are no more**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “they had passed away” or “because they had died”
2:19	vupx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
2:19	wwpi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
2:19	o6s1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	φαίνεται	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “appeared”
2:20	pljv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he commanded him”
2:20	hij7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἐγερθεὶς, παράλαβε τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ, καὶ πορεύου εἰς γῆν Ἰσραήλ; τεθνήκασιν γὰρ οἱ ζητοῦντες τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ παιδίου	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the last clause gives the reason for the command in the first clauses. Alternate translation: “Because the ones seeking the life of the child have died, having gotten up, take the young child and his mother and go to the land of Israel.”
2:20	hz2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οἱ ζητοῦντες τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ παιδίου	1	Here, the phrase **the ones seeking the life of the child** refers to people who wanted to kill the child. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ones seeking to do away with the child” or “the ones wishing to kill the child”
2:22	h4cq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἀρχέλαος	1	The word **Archelaus** is the name of a man. He began to rule after his father **Herod** died.
2:22	n47p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἀκούσας & ὅτι Ἀρχέλαος βασιλεύει τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἀντὶ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ Ἡρῴδου, ἐφοβήθη	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “having heard, ‘Archelaus is reigning over Judea in the place of his father Herod,’ he was afraid”
2:22	m1ph		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	χρηματισθεὶς	1	Here Matthew implies that Joseph was **warned** against living in Judea. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having been warned about living in Judea”
2:22	dy6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	χρηματισθεὶς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God, probably speaking through an angel. Alternate translation: “God having warned him” or “an angel of the Lord having warned him”
2:23	ev23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come”
2:23	oxc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κατῴκησεν	1	Matthew implies that Mary and Jesus also lived in **Nazareth** with Joseph. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Joseph, Mary, and Jesus lived”
2:23	lax1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	λεγομένην	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that people called” or “whose name was”
2:23	rwhw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὅπως	1	Here, the phrase **so that** could introduce: (1) a result from Joseph and his family living in Nazareth. Alternate translation: “with the result that” (2) a purpose for which Joseph and his family lived in Nazareth. If you use the following alternate translation, you may need to delete the comma after **prophets**. Alternate translation: “in order that”
2:23	dx5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν	1	See how your translated the similar passive forms in [2:15](../02/15.md) and [2:17](../02/17.md). Alternate translation: “this might fulfill what God spoke”
2:23	vxb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	τῶν προφητῶν, ὅτι Ναζωραῖος κληθήσεται	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “the prophets, ‘He will be called a Nazarene’”
2:23	okmw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	τῶν προφητῶν	1	Matthew does not clarify which **prophets** he is referring to, and there is no single passage in the Old Testament that speaks about Jesus being a **Nazarene**. Because of that, you should not include any implied information here. If possible, leave the statement as general as it appears in the ULT. Alternate translation: “God’s prophets” or “prophets”
2:23	sa9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Ναζωραῖος κληθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “they will call him a Nazarene”
2:23	yrb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	κληθήσεται	1	The pronoun **he** refers to the Messiah. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to the Messiah more directly. The **prophets** probably did not know that his name would be Jesus, so you should use a title like “Christ” or “Messiah” here. Alternate translation: “the Christ will be called”
3:intro	a6h3				0	# Matthew 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n1. The birth of Jesus Christ and the beginning of his ministry (1:1-4:25)\n      * The ministry of John the Baptist (3:1–12)\n      * John baptizes Jesus (3:13–17)\n\nSome translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quotation from the Old Testament in verse 3.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### John the Baptist\n\nIn this chapter, Matthew introduces John the Baptist, who preached in the wilderness. Matthew describes his clothing and his food in ways that resemble the prophet Elijah. John preaches a message that called for repentance. He prepared the way for Jesus to begin his ministry.\n\n### Baptism\n\nThe word “baptism” refers to a ritual washing, usually with water. John’s baptism is similar to Christian baptism, but it does not mean exactly the same thing (see [Acts 18:24–26](../act/18/24.md)). John says that his baptism is “for repentance” (see [3:11](../03/11.md)). Most likely, it symbolized the removal of the sins that people were repenting of and the beginning of a new way of living. However, even Jesus received this baptism despite the fact that he did not need to repent of any sins. In this case, the baptism may symbolize complete dedication to God. Consider how you might refer to this kind of ritual washing in your language.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Fruit tree metaphor\n\nIn [3:8](../03/08.md) and [3:10](../03/10.md), John speaks of people as if they were fruit trees. He says that people need to produce “good fruit,” just like fruit trees should. However, every fruit tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and burned. In the same way, people who do not do what is right will be judged and punished. If possible, preserve this metaphor or express it in simile form.\n\n### Wheat harvest metaphor\n\nIn [3:12](../03/12.md), John speaks of people as if they were parts of wheat plants. People who obey God are like the edible part of the wheat plant, the grain. People who disobey God are like the inedible parts of the wheat plant, the stalk and husk. Just as a farmer separates the grain from the stalks and the husks, so God will separate people into those who obey him and those who do not. Then, just as the farmer stores the grain and burns the stalks and husks, so God will save those who obey him and punish those who do not. If possible, preserve this metaphor or express it in simile form.
3:1	xp3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
3:1	yoaf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν & ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις	1	Here, Matthew uses the term **days** to refer to a particular period of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that identifies a particular period of time. Alternate translation: “during that time”
3:1	tmu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις	1	Here, the phrase **those days** refers to the period of time before Jesus began his public ministry. During this time, Jesus lived in Nazareth with his family. Matthew is not referring to the period of time in which Joseph, Mary, and Jesus traveled back from Egypt to Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer more explicitly to the time period in which Jesus lived in Nazareth. Alternate translation: “the days when Jesus lived in Nazareth” or “the days before Jesus began his ministry”
3:1	ifa0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	παραγίνεται Ἰωάννης ὁ Βαπτιστὴς	1	This phrase introduces a new character into the story. If your language has an expression of its own that serves this purpose, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “there is a man named John the Baptist” or “a man called John the Baptist appears”
3:1	bcdv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	παραγίνεται	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “came”
3:2	nc62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
3:2	u2pi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μετανοεῖτε, ἤγγικεν γὰρ ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the command in the first clause. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the heavens is near, so repent”
3:2	hvx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἤγγικεν	1	Here Matthew uses this phrase in the sense of **near** in time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “is about to begin” or “is about to happen”
3:3	et5g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γάρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of what Matthew has said about John the Baptist. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “Now”
3:3	fl4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ ῥηθεὶς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one about whom the Lord spoke”
3:3	qt02		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντος	1	In Matthew’s culture, **saying** was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book written by Isaiah the prophet (see [Isaiah 40:3](../isa/40/03.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “who wrote in the book of Isaiah” or “who declared”
3:3	s62r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	φωνὴ βοῶντος	1	Isaiah is using **voice** to represent a person speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “A person calling out” or “Someone calling out”\n
3:3	mm58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “of one calling out in the wilderness and saying” or “of one calling out in the wilderness, declaring”\n
3:3	yhe7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	τῇ ἐρήμῳ: ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου; εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. If you do, you will need to delete the single quotation mark at the end of this quotation. Alternate translation: “the wilderness that people must make ready the way of the Lord, that they must make his paths straight”\n
3:3	n7lh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου; εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a connecting word in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Make ready the way of the Lord, yes, make his paths straight”
3:3	j99i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἑτοιμάσατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου; εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ	1	Here Isaiah speaks as if people should build maintain roads for **the Lord** to travel on as he comes to visit his people. He means that people need to be living and acting the proper ways when **the Lord** appears to his people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the metaphor in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Live and behave in a way that pleases God, as if you were making a road ready for him to travel on”
3:4	j647		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Ἰωάννης	1	Here Matthew uses the word **Now** to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. The word does not introduce another event in the story. This background information is found in [3:4–6](../03/04.md). Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Concerning this John, he”
3:4	su9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	εἶχεν τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τριχῶν καμήλου	1	The phrase **had his clothing from the hair of a camel** means that he wore clothes made from camels’ hair. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “wore clothing made from the hair of camels”
3:4	dagi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ζώνην δερματίνην	1	A **leather belt** is a thin strap made out of animal skin that holds clothing in place. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of clothing, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “an animal skin strap” or “a band made from animal skin”
3:5	ncp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous	τότε	1	Here, the word **Then** refers to the period of time in which John was preaching in the wilderness (see [3:1](../03/01.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “While John was preaching,” or “During the time when John was in the wilderness,”
3:5	ytnz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξεπορεύετο	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “coming” instead of **going**. Alternate translation: “were coming out”
3:5	j8ke		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Ἱεροσόλυμα, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ περίχωρος τοῦ Ἰορδάνου	1	Here, the terms **Jerusalem**, **Judea**, and **the {region} around the Jordan** represent the people who live in those areas. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “”
3:5	zys1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ περίχωρος τοῦ Ἰορδάνου	1	Matthew twice says **all** as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “most of Judea, and most of the region around the Jordan”
3:6	ls9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	ἐβαπτίζοντο ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῃ Ποταμῷ ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, ἐξομολογούμενοι τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν	1	Here the people were **confessing their sins** before they were **being baptized**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could rearrange the elements so that these events are in sequential order, or you could use another form to indicate the sequence Alternate translation: “confessing their sins, they were being baptized by him in the Jordan River” or “being baptized by him in the Jordan River after they confessed their sins”
3:6	v5xn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐβαπτίζοντο & ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he was baptizing them”
3:6	q311		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐξομολογούμενοι	1	Here it is the people who are **confessing**, not John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as they confessed”
3:7	lxwz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
3:7	jclu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐπὶ τὸ βάπτισμα αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **for his baptism** could indicate that the Pharisees and Sadducees are **coming**: (1) so that they can receive John’s **baptism**. Alternate translation: “to receive his baptism” (2) to the place where John is baptizing. Alternate translation: “to where he was baptizing” or “the place of his baptism”
3:7	tcva		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐπὶ τὸ βάπτισμα αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **baptism**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be baptized by him”
3:7	fjl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν	1	The expression **Offspring of** is an idiom that means a person shares the qualities of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You are like vipers” or “You have the qualities of vipers”
3:7	qtu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν	1	Here John speaks of the Pharisees and Sadducees as if they were like **vipers** (see the previous note for the meaning of the phrase **Offspring of**). He means that they are evil and hurt other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You are like poisonous creatures” or “You evil people”
3:7	kr0r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἐχιδνῶν	1	If your readers would not recognize the name **vipers**, which refers to dangerous poisonous snakes, you could state something more general. Alternate translation: “of poisonous snakes” or “of poisonous animals”
3:7	c4cl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίς ὑπέδειξεν ὑμῖν φυγεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς?	1	John is using the question form to rebuke the Pharisees and Sadducees for coming to be baptized by him when they really do not believe that they need to **flee from the coming wrath**. In other words, they want to be baptized, but they do not think that they need to repent of anything. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I realize that you do not really think that you need to flee from the coming wrath!” or “You do not actually believe that you must flee from the coming wrath.”
3:7	h7ac		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	τῆς μελλούσης ὀργῆς	1	Here, the word **wrath** refers to how God will punish people who do not believe and who disobey him. The word **coming** means that the **wrath** will happen soon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the future punishment” or “the punishment that God will soon inflict”
3:8	msjo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces an exhortation based on what John said in rebuking the Pharisees and Sadducees in the previous verse (see [3:7](../03/07.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an exhortation based on a previous rebuke. Alternate translation: “Instead” or “But here is what you should do”
3:8	s8ac		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ποιήσατε & καρπὸν	1	Here, John is speaking of people behaving in certain ways as if they were trees producing **fruit**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “act in ways” or “perform deeds”
3:8	dbj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἄξιον τῆς μετανοίας	1	Here, John is using the possessive form to describe **fruit** that matches or goes along with **repentance**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that goes along with repentance” or “that shows repentance”
3:8	jsoz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῆς μετανοίας	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **repentance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “of repenting” or “of people who repent”
3:9	sc2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λέγειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **in yourselves** could indicate that the Pharisees and Sadducees might speak: (1) within themselves, which would be thinking privately. Alternate translation: “to say within yourselves” or “to say to yourselves” (2) within their group, which would be speaking to each other. Alternate translation: “to say to each other”
3:9	anyf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. If you use the following alternate translation, you will need to delete the quotation mark at the end of the sentence. Alternate translation: “among yourselves that you have Abraham as father”
3:9	s4og		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πατέρα	1	Here, the word **father** means “ancestor.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar phrase or plain language. Alternate translation: “as ancestor”
3:9	h6n6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the Pharisees and Sadducees should not say **We have Abraham {as} father**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “You should not say that because”
3:9	h7lf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ὑμῖν, ὅτι δύναται ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “to you, ‘God is able to raise up children for Abraham from these stones.’”
3:9	k843		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δύναται ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ	1	Here John means that God can create **children for Abraham** at any time and in any way he wants, even from **stones**. He means that people who have **Abraham {as} father** will not receive special treatment from God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “God is able to create other children for Abraham, even from these stones” or “God can raise up more children for Abraham any time he wants to, and he could even these stones into children for Abraham”
3:9	eedc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ	1	Here, the word **children** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar phrase or plain language. Alternate translation: “people descended from Abraham”
3:10	vosb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a development of the ideas in the previous verse. It also introduces a slight contrast with God being able to make children of Abraham from stones. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of development, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Further,” or “As a matter of fact,”
3:10	a8m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἤδη & ἡ ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων κεῖται; πᾶν οὖν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται	1	In this verse, John speaks as if people were **trees** and as if God had an **ax**. Every person who does not repent and do what is right is like a **tree** that does not produce **good fruit**. Just as someone chops down these trees and burns them, so God will punish these people. If possible preserve the metaphor here. You could use simile form, or if necessary, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “already it is as if the ax is set against the root of the trees. Every person who does not repent and obey is like a tree that does not produce good fruit. It is chopped down and thrown into a fire” or “already God is ready to judge people. So, anyone who does not repent and obey will be declared guilty and punished”
3:10	d4j5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἡ ἀξίνη & κεῖται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God has set the ax”
3:10	pea6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων	1	In this verse, the word **root** is singular in form, but it refers to all the roots of the **trees** as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “the roots of the trees”
3:10	n4xy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν ῥίζαν	1	Here, the word **root** refers to lowest part of the tree that shows above the ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the base” or “lowest part”
3:10	r7o2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πᾶν & δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God chops down every tree not producing good fruit and throws it into a fire”
3:10	g502		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	ἐκκόπτεται καὶ & βάλλεται	1	Here John could be using the present tense to describe: (1) something that is generally true. Alternate translation: “is being chopped down and is being thrown” (2) something that will happen in the future but is as certain as if it was happening in the present. Alternate translation: “will be chopped down and will be thrown”
3:11	aiiw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς μετάνοιαν	1	Here, the phrase **for repentance** could describe: (1) the purpose for which John baptizes people. Alternate translation: “so that you repent” (2) what John’s baptism represents or signifies. Alternate translation: “with reference to repentance” or “to show your repentance”
3:11	rvf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰς μετάνοιαν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **repentance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “in order that you might repent” or “to show that you have repented”
3:11	l3zm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ & ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος	1	Here John speaks as if someone is walking behind him. He could mean that: (1) soon someone will continue what John has started doing. Alternate translation: “the one who will preach after I have” (2) one of his own disciples will become greater than he. Alternate translation: “one of my disciples”
3:11	i61t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	μού	1	John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I am”
3:11	c1xf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς τὰ ὑποδήματα βαστάσαι	1	Here, **to carry** someone’s **sandals** was a duty of a slave. John means that he is **not worthy** to be a slave to this person who is **coming after** him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I am not worthy to be the slave who carries away his sandals” or “I am not worthy to act as his slave”
3:11	gtm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί	1	Here John indicates that the **one coming after** him will cause people to experience **the Holy Spirit** and **fire**, just as John caused people to experience **water** in baptism. If possible, preserve the baptism metaphor or express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “He will baptize you, as it were, with the Holy Spirit and with fire” or “He also will perform something like baptism, but he will use the Holy Spirit and fire”
3:11	ata7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί	1	Here, the word **fire** could be: (1) a reference to how Jesus will purify people. Alternate translation: “with the Holy Spirit and purifying fire” (2) a reference to how Jesus will punish people. Alternate translation: “with the Holy Spirit and with fiery punishment” (3) a further description of **the Holy Spirit**. Alternate translation: “with the fire that is the Holy Spirit”
3:12	gcq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ; καὶ διακαθαριεῖ τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ, καὶ συνάξει τὸν σῖτον αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ἀποθήκην; τὸ δὲ ἄχυρον κατακαύσει πυρὶ ἀσβέστῳ	1	In this verse, John describes the one who comes after him as a farmer who separates the useful grains of wheat from the other parts of the wheat plant by using a **winnowing fork** to **clear of his threshing floor**. Just as that farmer separates the grain from the chaff, so the one who comes after John will separate those who obey from those who do not. Just as that farmer saves the grain and burns up the chaff, so the one who comes after John will save those who obey and punish those who do not. If possible, preserve this metaphor. If necessary, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is like a farmer with a winnowing fork in his hand. He will separate those who obey God from those who do not, just as a farmer thoroughly clears off his fleshing floor. He will save those who obey and punish those who disobey, just as a farmer gathers his wheat into the storehouse and burns up the chaff with unquenchable fire” or “who is ready to act, and he will separate those who obey God from those who disobey God. He will save those who obey and completely punish those who disobey”
3:12	sq4p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **in his hand** indicates that a person is ready to use whatever is in his or her hand. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who has picked up his winnowing fork” or “who is ready to use his winnowing fork”
3:12	b5m4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὸ πτύον	1	A **winnowing fork** is a tool for tossing wheat into the air to separate the wheat grain from the chaff. The heavier grain falls back down, and the wind blows away the unwanted chaff. This tool is similar to a pitchfork. If you have a similar tool in your culture, you can use the word for it here. Otherwise, you can use a phrase that would express the meaning. Alternate translation: “tool for winnowing grain” or “tool for tossing seeds”
3:12	r2ua		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὴν ἅλωνα αὐτοῦ	1	The **threshing floor** was the place where harvested wheat was processed to separate the grain from the chaff. To **clear off** the floor is to finish threshing and winnowing all the grain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to where **threshing** happens in your culture, or you could use a descriptive phrase. Alternate translation: “the place where he separates the grain from the chaff”
3:13	vl93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	τότε	1	Here, the word **Then** introduces the next major event in the story. It does not indicate how soon this event happened after the events that Matthew has already narrated. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event in sequence. Alternate translation: “Sometime after that,” or “After John said those things,”
3:13	tsxj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	παραγίνεται	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “goes” instead of **comes**. Alternate translation: “goes”
3:13	zj7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	παραγίνεται	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “came”
3:13	zbj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	βαπτισθῆναι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that John would baptize him”
3:14	fax0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διεκώλυεν αὐτὸν	1	Here Matthew means that **John** did not want to baptize Jesus and tried to stop Jesus from asking him to do it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “was trying to prevent Jesus from wanting to be baptized” or “was resisting Jesus’ request to be baptized”
3:14	m2y0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he declared”
3:14	khdz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὑπὸ σοῦ βαπτισθῆναι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for you to baptize me”
3:14	cl7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	καὶ σὺ ἔρχῃ πρός με?	1	John is using the question form to show surprise at Jesus’ request to be baptized. He wants to show that the request does not make sense. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “so you should not come to me!” or “so it does not make sense for you to come to me.”
3:14	nu8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔρχῃ πρός με	1	Here John implies that Jesus comes to be baptized. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “come to me to be baptized”
3:15	c1jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἀποκριθεὶς & ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus responded”
3:15	yozq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἄφες ἄρτι; οὕτως γὰρ πρέπον ἐστὶν ἡμῖν πληρῶσαι πᾶσαν δικαιοσύνην	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the request that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “Baptizing me is a fitting way for us to fulfill all righteousness. So, permit it now”
3:15	v30k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄφες & ἀφίησιν αὐτόν	1	In both places, Matthew implies that John should or does permit Jesus to be baptized. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Permit me to be baptized … he permitted him to be baptized”
3:15	h6ca		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῖν	1	Here, the word **us** refers only to Jesus and John. Your language may require you to mark this form.
3:15	wdcu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	πληρῶσαι πᾶσαν δικαιοσύνην	1	The phrase **to fulfill all righteousness** means to do everything that God requires someone to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or plain language. Alternate translation: “to accomplish God’s will” or “to do everything that God has told us to do”
3:15	n6d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	πᾶσαν δικαιοσύνην	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “everything that is righteous” or “all of God’s righteous will”
3:15	reau		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἀφίησιν αὐτόν	1	Here, the word **he** refers to John, and the word **him** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the people’s names here. Alternate translation: “John permits Jesus”
3:16	d5zy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
3:16	inf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	βαπτισθεὶς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was John. Alternate translation: “John having baptized him”
3:16	htuf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀνέβη ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus was in the River Jordan when he was baptized. Afterwards, he **came up** out of the river. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “left the water of the river” or “stepped out of the river”
3:16	l5bv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
3:16	jig5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀνεῴχθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ οὐρανοί	1	People in Matthew’s culture often spoke of how **the heavens** had doors or gates that led into them. Matthew uses this kind of language (doors being **opened**) to indicate that Jesus saw into **the heavens**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he was enabled to look into the heavens” or “God showed him what was happening in the heavens”
3:16	jh1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀνεῴχθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ οὐρανοί	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God opened the heavens to him”
3:16	e3na		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ καταβαῖνον ὡσεὶ περιστερὰν	1	The phrase **like a dove** could mean: (1) the Spirit looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of God coming down, looking like a dove” (2) the Spirit descended upon Jesus as a dove descends from the sky toward the ground. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of God coming down as a dove flies down”
3:16	gawt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καταβαῖνον	1	Here Matthew implies that **the Spirit of God** came down from **the heavens**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “coming down from the heavens”
3:16	mo7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐρχόμενον ἐπ’ αὐτόν	1	Here Matthew implies that **the Spirit of God** settled or landed on Jesus, just like a bird might settle or land on something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “perching upon him” or “settling on him”
3:17	xohx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
3:17	cdrk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	φωνὴ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν	1	Matthew is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply a verb of speaking if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “a voice spoke from the heavens”
3:17	m2wk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	φωνὴ	1	Matthew is using **voice** to represent the person who is speaking, which is God the Father. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person speaking” or “God the Father spoke”
3:17	op13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγουσα	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and it said”
3:17	myz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Υἱός μου, ὁ ἀγαπητός	1	The word **Son** is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God.
3:17	m1ib		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ Υἱός & ὁ ἀγαπητός	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Son, whom I love,”
3:17	hdro		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	εὐδοκέω	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who pleases me”
4:intro	hgw2				0	# Matthew 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n1. The birth of Jesus Christ and the beginning of his ministry (1:1-4:25)\n      * The devil tempts Jesus (4:1–11)\n      * Jesus begins his public ministry (4:12–17)\n      * Jesus calls four of his disciples (4:18–22)\n      * Summary of Jesus’ early ministry (4:23–25)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [4:15–16](../04/15.md), which are words from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The Devil\n\nThe devil, also named Satan, is an evil spiritual being. In this chapter, he tempts Jesus to disobey God. He even quotes the Bible to try to convince Jesus to disobey. Consider how you might naturally refer to a powerful and evil spiritual being.\n\n### Temptation\n\nIn [4:1–11](../04/01.md), Matthew tells the story of how Jesus was tempted by the devil. The devil tried to convince Jesus to do things that would be disobedient. Jesus already knew how he was supposed to live his life and how he was supposed to die on the cross. The devil tempted Jesus to act in a different way. In response, Jesus quotes the Bible and does not do what the devil tempts him to do.\n\n### Fishermen\n\nFour of Jesus’ first disciples (Peter, Andrew, James, and John) were fishermen. In their culture, fishermen usually stood on the shore or in a boat and threw a net into the water. The edges of the net had weights on it, so the net sank into the water and trapped any fish beneath it. Then, fishermen would put on a rope to close the net and haul it to shore or onto the boat. If people in your culture do not fish or do not fish in that way, consider how much information you need to provide to help your readers understand the story.
4:1	k51m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	τότε	1	Here, the word **Then** introduces the next major event in the story. It does not indicate how soon this event happened after the events that Matthew has already narrated. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event in sequence. Alternate translation: “Sometime after that,” or “After he heard the voice from the heavens,”
4:1	aq3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνήχθη & ὑπὸ τοῦ Πνεύματος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Spirit led up Jesus”
4:1	wy4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πειρασθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that the devil could tempt Jesus”
4:2	cft7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἡμέρας τεσσεράκοντα καὶ νύκτας τεσσεράκοντα	1	The phrase **40 days and 40 nights** refers to 40 periods of 24 hours in a row. Matthew means that Jesus fasted for 40 full days. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “for 40 straight days”
4:3	nfiu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ πειράζων	1	Here, the phrase **the one tempting** refers to the devil, whom Matthew already mentioned in [4:1](../04/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the one tempting, the devil,” or “the devil, who was tempting him,”
4:3	oyws		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται	1	The devil is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that the **stones** will only **become bread** if Jesus is **the Son of God**. The devil is speaking as if it is uncertain who Jesus is in order to challenge him to do this miracle to prove that he really is the Son of God. Use a natural form in your language for introducing something that could be true. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are the Son of God by speaking so that these stones might become bread”
4:3	c1ac		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς & τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	The phrase **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus.
4:3	vpnf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται	1	Here the devil wants Jesus to tell the **stones** to **become bread**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “tell these stones to become bread” or “speak words that make these stones become bread”
4:3	uyv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	εἰπὲ ἵνα οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “speak to these stones, ‘Become bread!’”
4:4	o3a6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ὁ & ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “he answered” or “he said to him”
4:4	sph9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	γέγραπται	1	In Matthew’s culture, **it is written** was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the book of Deuteronomy (see [Deuteronomy 8:3](../deu/08/03.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “You can read in the Scriptures” or “It says in the book of Deuteronomy”
4:4	fd67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γέγραπται	1	If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses wrote this in the Scriptures”
4:4	i33v			οὐκ & ζήσεται	1	The author of the quotation could be using the future tense to give: (1) a general statement. Alternate translation: “does not live” (2) a command. Alternate translation: “should not live”
4:4	d010		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	ὁ ἄνθρωπος	1	The word **Man** represents people in general, not one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “Humans”
4:4	d5tw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ὁ ἄνθρωπος	1	Although the term **Man** is masculine, the author of the quotation is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “Man and woman” or “A person”
4:4	xbai		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἄρτῳ	1	Here, **bread** represents food and eating in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food” or “eating”
4:4	wuqm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ	1	The author of the quotation is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but he will live by”
4:4	rzh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	παντὶ ῥήματι	1	The author of the quotation is using the term **word** to mean a message spoken in words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every message” or “everything”
4:4	jl6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐκπορευομένῳ διὰ στόματος Θεοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **coming through the mouth of God** indicates that God is the one speaking **every word**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “that God has spoken” or “that God says”
4:5	qhg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	παραλαμβάνει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “took”
4:5	x6i4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ πτερύγιον τοῦ ἱεροῦ	1	Here, the phrase **highest point** could refer to: (1) the top part of the roof. Alternate translation: “the top roof of the temple” (2) the edge of the roof. Alternate translation: “the edge of the temple’s roof”
4:6	z1xx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγει αὐτῷ	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “he tells him”
4:6	bbx1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
4:6	wgtk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	εἰ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, βάλε σεαυτὸν κάτω	1	The devil is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that the angels will only rescue Jesus if Jesus is **the Son of God**. The devil is speaking as if it is uncertain who Jesus is in order to challenge him to throw himself down to prove that he really is the Son of God. Use a natural form in your language for introducing something that could be true. Alternate translation: “Prove that you are the Son of God by throwing yourself down”
4:6	x2vg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς & τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	The phrase **Son of God** is an important title for Jesus.
4:6	dnrp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	βάλε σεαυτὸν κάτω	1	When Satan tells Jesus to **throw yourself down**, he means that Jesus should jump off the top of the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “jump from here on top of the temple”
4:6	fa8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	γέγραπται γὰρ	1	In Matthew’s culture, **for it is written** was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Psalms (see [Psalm 91:11–12](../psa/91/11.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “for it is written in the book of Psalms” or “the psalmist wrote”
4:6	x6zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γέγραπται	1	If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a poet wrote this in the Scriptures”
4:6	zofd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	γέγραπται & ὅτι τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ ἐντελεῖται περὶ σοῦ, καὶ, ἐπὶ χειρῶν ἀροῦσίν σε, μήποτε προσκόψῃς πρὸς λίθον τὸν πόδα σου.	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within a quotation. If you do, you will need to delete the single quotation mark at the end of the second quotation. Alternate translation: “it is written that he will command his angels concerning you, and they will lift you up in their hands, lest you strike your foot against a stone”
4:6	zd4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἐντελεῖται	1	The pronoun **He** refers to God. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “God will command”
4:6	s9i7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σοῦ & σε & προσκόψῃς & σου	1	Since the author of the quotations is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, every occurrence of **you** and **your** in the quotations is singular. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “each of you … each of you … any of you strike your”
4:6	azpz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	2	Here, the word **and** connects the two quotations, which are two verses from Psalm 91. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that connects two closely related quotations. Alternate translation: “and further” or “and then”
4:6	f1mm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	προσκόψῃς πρὸς λίθον τὸν πόδα σου	1	The author of the quotation is using one way of being hurt to mean all ways of being hurt. Alternate translation: “even your foot strikes a stone” or “you might get hurt”
4:7	qish		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἔφη αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus answered”
4:7	eerm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	πάλιν γέγραπται	1	In Matthew’s culture, **it is written** was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the book of Deuteronomy (see [Deuteronomy 6:16](../deu/06/16.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “Again, you can read in the Scriptures” or “Again, it says in the book of Deuteronomy”
4:7	fn07		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πάλιν γέγραπται	1	If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Again, Moses wrote this in the Scriptures”
4:7	wri7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	γέγραπται, οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. If you do, you will need to delete the single quotation mark at the end of the second quotation. Alternate translation: “it is written that you will not test the Lord your God”
4:7	xl3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου	1	The author of the quotation is using a statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a command form. Alternate translation: “You must not test the Lord your God”
4:7	c7t5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις	1	Since the author of the quotation is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the word **You** here is singular. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “None of you will test”
4:8	fvnf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πάλιν	1	Here Matthew means that **the devil** tempted Jesus again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Tempting him again”
4:8	elcs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	παραλαμβάνει & δείκνυσιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “took … showed”
4:8	d12q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how great they are” or “how glorious they are”
4:9	oo0u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	εἶπεν αὐτῷ	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “he declared to him”
4:9	al72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	ταῦτά σοι πάντα δώσω, ἐὰν πεσὼν προσκυνήσῃς μοι	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could put the condition before its consequence. Alternate translation: “If having fallen down, you would worship me, all these things I will give to you”
4:9	crez		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ταῦτά & πάντα	1	Here, the phrase **All these things** refers to the “kingdoms” and “their glory” that the devil showed to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “All these kingdoms and their glory” or “Everything I have showed to you”
4:9	eas8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πεσὼν	1	Here the devil refers to kneeling on the ground or bowing down very low. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having kneeled down” or “having prostrated yourself”
4:10	hsky		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus tells him”
4:10	itxs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	γέγραπται γάρ	1	In Matthew’s culture, **it is written** was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the book of Deuteronomy (see [Deuteronomy 6:13](../deu/06/13.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “For you can read in the Scriptures” or “For it says in the book of Deuteronomy”
4:10	k49q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γέγραπται	1	If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Moses wrote this in the Scriptures”
4:10	ohjc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	γέγραπται & Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου προσκυνήσεις, καὶ αὐτῷ μόνῳ λατρεύσεις.	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. If you do, you will need to delete the single quotation mark at the end of the second quotation. Alternate translation: “it is written that you will worship the Lord your God, and you will serve only him”
4:10	mmx3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου προσκυνήσεις, καὶ αὐτῷ μόνῳ λατρεύσεις	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “You will worship the Lord your God, yes, you will serve only him”
4:10	ah9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	προσκυνήσεις & λατρεύσεις	1	The author of the quotation is using a statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a command form. Alternate translation: “You must worship … you must serve”
4:10	rig8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σου προσκυνήσεις & λατρεύσεις	1	Since the author of the quotations is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the words **You**, **your**, and **you** in the quotation are singular. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “Each of you will worship … your … each of you will serve”
4:11	b0p5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	ἀφίησιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “left”
4:11	ko5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
4:12	v7p4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
4:12	d1vi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Ἰωάννης παρεδόθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context (see [14:1–12](../14/01.md)) that it was King Herod Antipas, the son of the king who had tried to kill Jesus. Alternate translation: “the king had arrested John”
4:13	pph4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καταλιπὼν τὴν Ναζαρὰ	1	Here Matthew implies that when Jesus “withdrew into Galilee,” he first went to the city of **Nazareth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he first went to Nazareth. Then, having left Nazareth”
4:13	fgsd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	ἐλθὼν κατῴκησεν εἰς Καφαρναοὺμ	1	It may be more natural in your language to say where Jesus went before saying where he **lived**. If so, you could move **in Capernaum** so that it goes with **having come**. Alternate translation: “having come to Capernaum, he lived there”
4:13	knjg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν παραθαλασσίαν	1	Here Matthew is referring to **the sea** of Galilee. The town of **Capernaum** was at the edge of this sea. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “by the Galilee sea”
4:13	hpm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν ὁρίοις Ζαβουλὼν καὶ Νεφθαλείμ	1	The words **Zebulun** and **Naphtali** are the names of the tribes that lived in these territories many years earlier. Matthew uses these names to connect where Jesus lived with the prophecy he will quote in [4:15](../04/15.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that these are names of tribes. Alternate translation: “in the territories that the tribes of Zebulun and Naphtali formerly lived in”
4:14	z5rv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἵνα	1	Here, the phrase **so that** could introduce: (1) a result from Jesus living in Capernaum. Alternate translation: “with the result that” (2) a purpose for which Jesus lived in Capernaum. Alternate translation: “in order that”
4:14	tj7c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν	1	See how your translated the similar passive forms in [2:15](../02/15.md) and [2:17](../02/17.md). Alternate translation: “this might fulfill what God spoke”
4:14	bifn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντος	1	In Matthew’s culture, **saying** was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book written by **Isaiah the prophet** (see [Isaiah 9:1–2](../isa/09/01.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “who wrote in the book of Isaiah” or “who declared”
4:15	egx6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	γῆ Ζαβουλὼν καὶ γῆ Νεφθαλείμ, ὁδὸν θαλάσσης, πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου, Γαλιλαία τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	Here, the areas that Isaiah refers to represent the people who live in those areas. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The people who live in the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, the people who live on the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, the people who live in Galilee of the Gentiles”
4:15	hbg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	γῆ Ζαβουλὼν καὶ γῆ Νεφθαλείμ, ὁδὸν θαλάσσης, πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου, Γαλιλαία τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	Each of the three lines of poetry in this verse gives a different description of the same area. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including all three descriptions in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word or phrase that indicates that these lines are all descriptions of one place. Alternate translation: “The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, which is the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, which is Galilee of the Gentiles”
4:15	se2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁδὸν θαλάσσης	1	The phrase **the way of the sea** could refer to: (1) areas near **the sea** of Galilee. Alternate translation: “the areas around the Sea of Galilee” (2) a road that ended at the Mediterranean **sea**. Alternate translation: “the road that goes to the Mediterranean sea”
4:15	d8ut		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου	1	Here Isaiah could be referring to: (1) areas to the west of the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “on the western side of the Jordan” (2) areas to the east of the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “on the eastern side of the Jordan”
4:15	uv17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	Γαλιλαία τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	Here, Isaiah is using the possessive form to describe **Galilee** as a place where **Gentiles** live. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Galilee, home of Gentiles”
4:16	fsl6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ὁ λαὸς ὁ καθήμενος ἐν σκοτίᾳ φῶς εἶδεν μέγα, καὶ τοῖς καθημένοις ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου, φῶς ἀνέτειλεν αὐτοῖς	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the people sitting in darkness have seen a great light; yes, to the ones sitting in the region and shadow of death, upon them has a light arisen”
4:16	h2xr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ὁ λαὸς ὁ καθήμενος ἐν σκοτίᾳ φῶς εἶδεν μέγα, καὶ τοῖς καθημένοις ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου, φῶς ἀνέτειλεν αὐτοῖς	1	Here Isaiah refers to sin, trouble, and hopelessness as if they were **darkness** and the **shadow of death**. He refers to God’s deliverance and salvation as if it were **a great light**. If possible, preserve these metaphors or express them in simile form. Alternate translation: “the people sitting in spiritual darkness have seen the great light of God’s salvation, and to the ones sitting in the region and shadow where there is spiritual death, upon them the light of God’s deliverance has arisen”
4:16	j6gz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ καθήμενος & τοῖς καθημένοις	1	Here, Isaiah refers to living as if it were **sitting**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable word or state the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “dwelling … to the ones dwelling”
4:16	zd49		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν σκοτίᾳ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **darkness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “where it is dark”
4:16	s2r2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	εἶδεν & φῶς ἀνέτειλεν	1	Isaiah uses the past tense here in order to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: “will see … will a light arise”
4:16	wk62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου	1	Here, Isaiah is using the possessive form to describe a **region** and a **shadow**, or darkness, that is characterized by **death**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the deadly region and the deathly shadow” or “the region and shadow characterized by death”
4:16	hxmh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	θανάτου	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that are deadly”
4:17	ad4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπὸ τότε	1	Here, the word **time** refers to when Jesus began to live in Capernaum (see [4:13](../04/13.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “From when he began to live in Capernaum,” or “After he moved to Capernaum,”
4:17	v18b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	κηρύσσειν καὶ λέγειν	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “to preach” or “to preach, saying”
4:17	dku3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἤγγικεν	1	Here Matthew uses this phrase in the sense of near in time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. See how you translated the similar phrase in [3:2](../03/02.md) Alternate translation: “is about to begin” or “is about to happen”
4:18	yrx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,” or “Some time later,”
4:18	twab		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	δύο ἀδελφούς, Σίμωνα τὸν λεγόμενον Πέτρον καὶ Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, βάλλοντας ἀμφίβληστρον εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν; ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς	1	Here Matthew introduces two new characters into the story. Consider how you might introduce new characters into a story, and follow that form here. You may need to rearrange some elements of the sentence to do so. Alternate translation: “two fishermen who were casting a net into the sea. They were Simon called Peter, and Andrew his brother”
4:18	shea		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Σίμωνα τὸν λεγόμενον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Simon, whose other name was” or “Simon, whom people also called”
4:18	xlw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ	1	Matthew never says whether **Simon** or **Andrew** was older, but he mentions **Simon** first, which could imply that he was the older brother. If you have to use a form that refers to an older or younger brother, you could state that **Andrew** was younger. Alternate translation: “his younger brother”
4:18	yfh5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	βάλλοντας ἀμφίβληστρον εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν	1	They were **casting a net** in order to catch fish. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “casting a net into the sea to catch fish”
4:18	yyiy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	βάλλοντας ἀμφίβληστρον εἰς	1	Some cultures use a **net** to catch fish. A net is a mesh or network of cords or ropes which fishermen throw into the water to trap fish. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to how people catch fish in your culture, or you could use a general phrase. Alternate translation: “fishing in” or “trying to catch fish in”
4:18	qmzo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background	γὰρ	1	Matthew is providing this background information to help readers understand why **Simon** and **Andrew** were **casting a net**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that introduces this kind of background information. Alternate translation: “which they did because they were fishermen” or “since”
4:19	q12l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
4:19	y3zg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	δεῦτε ὀπίσω μου	1	Here, the phrase **Come after me** is a command to travel with Jesus and be his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Be my disciples” or “Travel with me as my students”
4:19	n9h3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ποιήσω ὑμᾶς ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων	1	Here Jesus speaks of preaching the gospel and helping people believe in Jesus as if it were fishing. He means that, just as fishermen catch many fish, so Simon and Andrew will help many people believe. If possible, preserve the metaphor here, since it relates directly to what Simon and Andrew were doing when Jesus saw them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea as a simile. Alternate translation: “I will make you into people who collect men for me, just as you now collect fish”
4:19	hm4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “of humans” or “of men and women”
4:20	ssi5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἀφέντες τὰ δίκτυα	1	Translate the word **nets** as you did in [4:18](../04/18.md). Alternate translation: “having stopped fishing”
4:20	jney		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ	1	Here, the phrase **followed him** indicates that they traveled with Jesus and were his disciple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “became his disciples” or “traveled with him as his students”
4:21	b3hq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	ἄλλους δύο ἀδελφούς, Ἰάκωβον τὸν τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου καὶ Ἰωάννην τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ μετὰ Ζεβεδαίου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῶν, καταρτίζοντας τὰ δίκτυα αὐτῶν	1	Here Matthew introduces two more new characters into the story. Consider how you might introduce new characters into a story, and follow that form here. You may need to rearrange some elements of the sentence to do so. Alternate translation: “two men who were in a boat, mending their nets with their father, Zebedee. They were James, the son of Zebedee, and his younger brother John”\n
4:21	ssae		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ	1	Matthew never says whether **James** or **John** was older, but he mentions **James** first, which could imply that he was the older brother. If you have to use a form that refers to an older or younger brother, you could state that **John** was younger. Alternate translation: “his younger brother”
4:21	kp8d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὰ δίκτυα αὐτῶν	1	Translate the word **nets** as you did in [4:18](../04/18.md) and [4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “the tools they used for fishing”
4:21	utn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκάλεσεν αὐτούς	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus **called them** to “come after him,” that is, to travel with him and be his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he called them to come after him” or “he called them to travel with him as his students”
4:21	gila		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἐκάλεσεν	1	The pronoun **he** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Jesus called”
4:22	auyr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ	1	Translate this phrase as you did in [4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “became his disciples” or “traveled with him as his students”
4:23	cz8u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	περιῆγεν ἐν	1	Here, the phrase **going around in** indicates that Jesus traveled through many places in the region of **Galilee**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he was traveling to many places in” or “he took trips through”
4:23	jt3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας	1	Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe a **gospel** that is about the **kingdom**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the gospel concerning the kingdom”
4:23	qx7c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν	1	Here, the phrase **every disease and every sickness** represents people with these diseases and sicknesses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every diseased person and every sick person”
4:23	nr8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν	1	The terms **every disease** and **every sickness** mean similar things. Matthew is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “every ailment” or “every sickness”
4:23	ljkd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν	1	Matthew says **every** here as a generalization to emphasize how Jesus healed many different kinds of **disease** and **sickness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “many kinds of diseases and many kinds of sicknesses”
4:23	v4ev		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ λαῷ	1	Here, the phrase **the people** refers specifically to Jewish people living in **Galilee**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the Jewish people there”
4:24	hwa0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἀπῆλθεν ἡ ἀκοὴ αὐτοῦ εἰς ὅλην τὴν Συρίαν	1	Here Matthew speaks of **the news** as if it were a person who could go **out into all Syria**. He means that people throughout **Syria** heard about Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the news of him was heard in all Syria”
4:24	bmvs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἡ ἀκοὴ αὐτοῦ	1	Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe **news** that concern **him**, that is, Jesus. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the news about him”
4:24	fiao		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	προσήνεγκαν	1	Here, the word **they** refers to any people who heard **the news of him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “many people that heard brought”
4:24	unqn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πάντας	1	Matthew says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “very many of”
4:24	ogxs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	τοὺς κακῶς, ἔχοντας ποικίλαις νόσοις, καὶ βασάνοις συνεχομένους	1	Here, the terms **sickness**, **diseases**, and **pains** mean similar things. Matthew is using the three terms together to include any kind of physical sickness or pain. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could use only one or two terms to refer to any kind of sickness or pain. Alternate translation: “the ones being sick or in pain” or “the ones having diseases or injuries”
4:24	xn8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τοὺς κακῶς, ἔχοντας	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **sickness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the ones being sick”
4:24	zenl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ποικίλαις νόσοις, καὶ βασάνοις συνεχομένους	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “experiencing various diseases and pains”
4:24	i296		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δαιμονιζομένους	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those whom demons possessed”
4:24	k3pw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	σεληνιαζομένους, καὶ παραλυτικούς	1	Matthew is using the adjectives **epileptic** and **paralytic** as nouns to mean people who are **epileptic** and **paralytic**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “epileptic and paralytic people”
4:24	p3nf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	σεληνιαζομένους	1	An **epileptic** is someone who sometimes passes out and then moves uncontrollably. If your readers would not be familiar with this sickness, you could use the name of something like this from your language, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “people with seizures” or “those who sometimes become unconscious and move uncontrollably”
4:24	qk4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	παραλυτικούς	1	A **paralytic** is someone who is not able to use or control some or all of their arms and legs because of injury or sickness. If your readers would not be familiar with this sickness, you could use the name of something like this in your language, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the paralyzed” or “people who could not move their limbs”
4:25	j63v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ ὄχλοι πολλοὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας, καὶ Δεκαπόλεως, καὶ Ἱεροσολύμων, καὶ Ἰουδαίας, καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου	1	Here Matthew indicates that **large crowds** traveled wherever Jesus went. The people who made up these crowds came from all the regions and towns that Matthew mentions in this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “large crowds of people from Galilee and Decapolis and Jerusalem and Judea and beyond the Jordan followed him”
4:25	i9m7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Δεκαπόλεως	1	The word **Decapolis** is a name for a region to the southeast of Galilee. The name means “the Ten Towns.”
4:25	yfgi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου	1	Here, the phrase **beyond the Jordan** refers to regions to the east of the Jordan River. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the areas on the east side of the Jordan River”
5:intro	awz8				0	# Matthew 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:28)\n      * The Beatitudes (5:1–12)\n      * Salt and light (5:13–16)\n      * The law and righteousness (5:17–20)\n      * Moses’ law and Jesus’ commands (5:21–48)\n        * Murder and anger (5:21–26)\n        * Adultery and divorce (5:27–32)\n        * Oaths and promises (5:33–37)\n        * Punishment and retaliation (5:38–42)\n        * Loving everyone (5:43–48)\n\nMany people call the words in Matthew 5–7 the Sermon on the Mount. This is one long lesson that Jesus taught. Bibles divide this lesson into three chapters, but this can sometimes confuse the reader. If your translation divides the text into sections, be sure that the reader understands that the whole sermon is one large section.\n\nMatthew 5:3–10, known as the Beatitudes or Blessings, has been set farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. This way of placing the words on the page highlights the poetic form of this section.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The “Beatitudes”\n\nIn [5:3–12](../05/03.md), Jesus speaks nine blessings, or “Beatitudes.” He uses poetic form, repetition, and contrasting statements. Use forms in your language that people would recognize as poetry. See the notes on these verses for translation options.\n\n### “You have heard that it was said”\n\nWhen Jesus quotes commands that his audience would be familiar with, he uses a phrase like “you have heard that it was said.” Usually when he uses this phrase, he is quoting or summarizing commands directly from the Old Testament law. However, in [5:43](../05/43.md), he quotes a command from the Old Testament (“love your neighbor”) and then includes what some people would add to that command (“hate your enemy”). You may need to clarify that only the clause “love your neighbor” is from the Old Testament law. See the notes on each verse for information about what commands Jesus is quoting or summarizing.\n\n### Jesus and the law\n\nThroughout this chapter, Jesus quotes commands that his audience would be familiar with. Then, he introduces his response to these commands with a phrase like “but I say to you.” In each case, Jesus is not contradicting or annulling the commands from God that he quotes. Instead, Jesus is correcting misunderstandings about what these commands mean. He wants his disciples to apply the commands properly. Use a form that indicates that Jesus is clarifying the commands, not contradicting them.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Salt metaphor\n\nIn [5:13](../05/13.md), Jesus describes his disciples as if they were salt that seasons the world. He means that, just as salt preserves food and makes it taste better, so his disciples help save people in the world and make the world a better place. If possible, preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Light metaphor\n\nIn [5:14–16](../05/14.md), Jesus describes his disciples as if they were lamp that gives light. He means specifically that their good deeds are like light that shines on other people, which allows these people to learn what is true and to praise God. If possible, preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Hyperbole\n\nIn [5:29–30](../05/29.md), Jesus commands his disciples to cut off body parts that cause them to sin. He uses this extreme example of resisting sin in order to show his disciples how serious sin really is. He does not mean that believers should always cut off body parts when they sin. Jesus intends his commands to be shocking, however, so you should preserve the extreme language. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates that Jesus’ commands are extreme language.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nIn this chapter, Jesus is talking to a large crowd of his followers. Throughout the chapter, Jesus switches between using you in the singular and you in the plural while he is talking to the same people. When he uses the singular, he is speaking about specific situations that each person in the crowd might experience. When he uses the plural, he is speaking generally to the crowd as a whole. You should assume that Jesus is using plural forms of “you” unless a note specifies that the forms are singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-crowd]])
5:1	c5rq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
5:1	xpes		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	τὸ ὄρος	1	Matthew does not clarify what **mountain** this is or how high up it is. If possible, use a general word for a hill or small **mountain** without indicating one particular place. Alternate translation: “a high place” or “a small mountain”
5:1	z880		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καθίσαντος αὐτοῦ	1	In Jesus’ culture, teachers usually **sat down** when they were going to teach. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he having sat down to teach” or “he having sat down as a teacher does”
5:1	elyd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	προσῆλθον	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went”
5:2	q9mm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **having opened his mouth** refers to beginning to speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having begun to speak”
5:2	fnje		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ, ἐδίδασκεν	1	Here, the phrase **having opened his mouth** introduces what Jesus said, and the phrase **he taught** also introduces what Jesus said. Matthew uses both phrases to indicate that what Jesus is about to say is very important. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use just one phrase that introduces important speech. Alternate translation: “he starting teaching”
5:2	h9bx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he declared”
5:3	egbs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι, ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the heavens belongs to the poor in spirit, so they are blessed”
5:3	jhdg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μακάριοι	1	This expression indicates that God is giving favor to people and that their situation is positive or good. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this idea in another way. Alternate translation: “God will bless” or “How good it is for”
5:3	o3y4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οἱ πτωχοὶ	1	Jesus is using the adjective **poor** as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are poor”
5:3	j7ct		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι	1	Here Jesus speaks of people who know that they disobey and that they depend on God totally as if they were **poor in spirit**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the spiritually poor” or “those who totally depend upon God”
5:3	wpi6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe people who belong in **the kingdom of the heavens**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of the heavens belongs to them” or “they belong in the kingdom of the heavens”
5:4	n8zv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μακάριοι οἱ πενθοῦντες, ὅτι αὐτοὶ παρακληθήσονται	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The ones mourning will be comforted, so they are blessed”
5:4	u8s3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μακάριοι	1	See how you translated this phrase in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “God will bless” or “How good it is for”
5:4	lie5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	αὐτοὶ παρακληθήσονται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will comfort them”
5:5	cf72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μακάριοι οἱ πραεῖς, ὅτι αὐτοὶ κληρονομήσουσι τὴν γῆν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The meek will inherit the earth, so they are blessed”
5:5	hqm8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μακάριοι	1	See how you translated this phrase in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “God will bless” or “How good it is for”
5:5	mvb1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οἱ πραεῖς	1	Jesus is using the adjective **meek** as a noun to mean **meek** people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “meek people”
5:5	pajw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κληρονομήσουσι	1	Here the author speaks as if **the meek** were children who would receive property from a relative. He speaks in this way to indicate that **the meek** will receive **the earth** from God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive” or “will be given”
5:5	kn65		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν γῆν	1	Here Jesus refers to the whole **earth**, but he implies that it will be the renewed or recreated **earth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the renewed earth” or “the recreated earth”
5:6	a302		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μακάριοι οἱ πεινῶντες καὶ διψῶντες τὴν δικαιοσύνην, ὅτι αὐτοὶ χορτασθήσονται	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The ones hungering and thirsting for righteousness will be fed, so they are blessed”
5:6	ila1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μακάριοι	1	See how you translated this phrase in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “God will bless” or “How good it is for”
5:6	bi1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἱ πεινῶντες καὶ διψῶντες τὴν δικαιοσύνην, ὅτι αὐτοὶ χορτασθήσονται	1	Here Jesus speaks of desiring to do what is right as if it were **hungering and thirsting for righteousness**. He also speaks of becoming righteous and doing what is right as if it were being **fed**. He speaks in this way to indicate that these people desire **righteousness** as much as they desire food and drink. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ones who desire righteousness as if it were food or drink, for they will receive it as if they were being fed”
5:6	rbfk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν δικαιοσύνην	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for what is just” or “to be righteous”
5:6	hlq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	αὐτοὶ χορτασθήσονται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will feed them”
5:7	h8b2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μακάριοι οἱ ἐλεήμονες, ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἐλεηθήσονται	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The merciful will obtain mercy, so they are blessed”
5:7	ytjt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μακάριοι	1	See how you translated this phrase in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “God will bless” or “How good it is for”
5:7	zy1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οἱ ἐλεήμονες	1	Matthew is using the adjective **merciful** as a noun to mean **merciful** people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “merciful people”
5:7	b7vt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	αὐτοὶ ἐλεηθήσονται	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **mercy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “God will act mercifully to them”
5:8	qap3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μακάριοι οἱ καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ, ὅτι αὐτοὶ τὸν Θεὸν ὄψονται	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The pure in heart will see God, so they are blessed”
5:8	c8qa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μακάριοι	1	See how you translated this phrase in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “God will bless” or “How good it is for”
5:8	s9gd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οἱ καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ	1	Here, the phrase **pure in heart** describes people who only think about and desire what is pure and good. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those who are pure on the inside” or “the ones who think about and want what is pure”
5:8	cr20		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οἱ καθαροὶ	1	Matthew is using the adjective **pure** as a noun to mean **pure** people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are pure”
5:8	t6ni		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	αὐτοὶ τὸν Θεὸν ὄψονται	1	Here, the clause **they will see God** indicates that these people will be with God, in his presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will be in God’s presence”
5:9	y5bk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μακάριοι οἱ εἰρηνοποιοί, ὅτι αὐτοὶ υἱοὶ Θεοῦ κληθήσονται	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The peacemakers will be called sons of God, so they are blessed”
5:9	rxgx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μακάριοι	1	See how you translated this phrase in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “God will bless” or “How good it is for”
5:9	jh6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ εἰρηνοποιοί	1	Here Jesus implies that the **peacemakers** are those who help people act peacefully with each other. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “those who make peace among people” or “the ones who cause people to act peaceably”
5:9	tv19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	αὐτοὶ υἱοὶ Θεοῦ κληθήσονται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will call them his sons”
5:9	mivu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κληθήσονται	1	Here, by using the phrase **will be called**, Jesus implies that they also will actually be **sons of God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “will be people who are” or “will be called and so become”
5:9	sfph		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	υἱοὶ Θεοῦ	1	Jesus speaks of these people as if God were their physical father. He means that these people have a father-son relationship with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “spiritual sons of God”
5:9	h0av		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	υἱοὶ	1	Although the term **sons** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “sons and daughters” or “offspring”
5:10	q4og		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μακάριοι οἱ δεδιωγμένοι ἕνεκεν δικαιοσύνης, ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The kingdom of the heavens belongs to the ones persecuted for the sake of righteousness, so they are blessed”
5:10	mxri		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μακάριοι	1	See how you translated this phrase in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “God will bless” or “How good it is for”
5:10	bqu7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οἱ δεδιωγμένοι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones whom people persecute”
5:10	hfox		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἕνεκεν δικαιοσύνης	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because they act justly”
5:10	f3li		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	See how you translated the same clause in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “the kingdom of the heavens belongs to them” or “they belong in the kingdom of the heavens”
5:11	ohjs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μακάριοί ἐστε ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ διώξωσιν καὶ εἴπωσιν πᾶν πονηρὸν καθ’ ὑμῶν ψευδόμενοι ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “When they insult you and persecute you and say every evil thing against you falsely because of me, you are blessed”
5:11	t5kb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μακάριοί ἐστε	1	See how you translated the similar phrase in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “God will bless you” or “How good it is for you”
5:11	m65m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ὀνειδίσωσιν	1	Here, the word **they** refers to any people who mistreat Jesus’ disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “others insult” or “some people insult”
5:11	mflf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πᾶν	1	Jesus says **every** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “very many” or “all kinds of”
5:11	eez3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ	1	When Jesus says **because of me**, he means that people will persecute them because they are his disciples. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because you are my disciples” or “because you believe in me”
5:12	jegd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	χαίρετε καὶ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, ὅτι ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολὺς ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς; οὕτως γὰρ ἐδίωξαν τοὺς προφήτας τοὺς πρὸ ὑμῶν	1	Here Jesus gives a command followed by two reasons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could rearrange these clauses so that one or both reasons come before the command. Alternate translation: “In fact, in this way they persecuted the prophets before you. Also, great is your reward in the heavens. So, rejoice and be very glad”
5:12	ssk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	χαίρετε καὶ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε	1	The terms **Rejoice** and **be very glad** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Be exceedingly glad”\n
5:12	bpwb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **in the heavens** indicates where God is currently keeping the **reward**. It does not indicate where people will receive the **reward**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “that is stored in the heavens” or “that you will receive from the heavens”
5:12	wimk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces another reason why Jesus’ disciples should rejoice, which is that they are like **the prophets** who served God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “and you should also rejoice because” or “and in fact,”
5:12	eh8r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οὕτως	1	Here, the word **this** refers back to what Jesus said in [5:11](../05/11.md) about how people mistreat his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “in those same ways”
5:12	rh0j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοὺς πρὸ ὑμῶν	1	Here, the phrase **before you** indicates that the **prophets** lived before the people to whom Jesus is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who lived before you did”
5:13	i3zp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ ἅλας τῆς γῆς; ἐὰν δὲ τὸ ἅλας μωρανθῇ, ἐν τίνι ἁλισθήσεται? εἰς οὐδὲν ἰσχύει ἔτι, εἰ μὴ βληθὲν ἔξω, καταπατεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Here Jesus calls his disciples **salt** that seasons **the earth**. Just as **salt** makes food better in many ways, so Jesus’ disciples make the world better in many ways. However, just as **salt** that no longer functions properly is **thrown out** because it cannot be fixed, so Jesus’ disciples will be punished if they do not make the world better. If possible, preserve the metaphor or use simile form. Alternate translation: “You are like salt for the earth. But if you are like salt that has been made tasteless, how can you be made salty again? Just like that salt, you are good for nothing any longer. That salt will be thrown out to be trampled by men, and you will be punished in a similar way”\n
5:13	zctk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸ ἅλας τῆς γῆς	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **salt** that seasons **the earth**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the salt that seasons the earth”
5:13	wxci		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῆς γῆς	1	Here, the word **earth** refers primarily to the people who live on the **earth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer specifically to people here. Alternate translation: “of the people on the earth” or “of all people”
5:13	k3u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	ἐὰν & τὸ ἅλας μωρανθῇ, ἐν τίνι	1	Jesus means that it is possible for **salt** to lose **its taste**, and he is speaking about what can or cannot happen after **salt has lost its taste**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “suppose that the salt is made tasteless. With what”
5:13	ws0o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μωρανθῇ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “has become tasteless” or “has lost its taste”
5:13	yoif		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἐν τίνι ἁλισθήσεται?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show that no one can make ruined salt **salty** again. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “it cannot be made salty again!” or “it is not possible to make it salty again.”
5:13	h7z8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἁλισθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “might someone make it salty again”
5:13	ojrg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	εἰς οὐδὲν ἰσχύει ἔτι, εἰ μὴ βληθὲν ἔξω, καταπατεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “The only thing is it good for is, having been thrown out, to be trampled by men”
5:13	e7cz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	εἰ μὴ βληθὲν ἔξω, καταπατεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “except, after people have thrown it out, for men to trample it”
5:13	ilya		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women” or “humans”
5:14	wgh5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου	1	Here Jesus calls his disciples **light** that illuminates **the world**. Just as **light** helps people know where they are and where to go, so Jesus’ disciples tell people the truth about God and Jesus. If possible, preserve the metaphor or use simile form. Alternate translation: “When you tell others about me, you are like lights that shine on the world”
5:14	eh93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **light** that illuminates **the world**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the light that shines on the world”
5:14	bz3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τοῦ κόσμου	1	Here, the word **world** refers primarily to the people who live in the **world**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer specifically to people here. Alternate translation: “of the people in the world” or “of all people”
5:14	bn28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὐ δύναται πόλις κρυβῆναι ἐπάνω ὄρους κειμένη	1	Here Jesus implicitly calls his disciples a **city** that is on a **mountain**, so it **is not able to be hidden**. Just as everyone can see this city, so everyone can see what how Jesus’ disciples behave. If possible, preserve the metaphor or use simile form. Alternate translation: “When you do what is right, you are like a city being set on a mountain that is not able to be hidden”
5:14	ny4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐ δύναται πόλις κρυβῆναι ἐπάνω ὄρους κειμένη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People cannot hide a city that they set on top of a mountain”
5:15	rz4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	οὐδὲ καίουσιν λύχνον καὶ τιθέασιν αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τὸν μόδιον, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τὴν λυχνίαν, καὶ λάμπει πᾶσιν τοῖς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ	1	Here Jesus implicitly calls his disciples a **a lamp**. However, he explains this figure of speech in the next verse, so you should not explain its meaning in this verse.
5:15	s5sb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	καίουσιν	1	The pronoun they refers to people in general. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use a form that refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “does anyone light”
5:15	uqpe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ὑπὸ τὸν μόδιον	1	A **basket** is a large circular container that stores food or other items. If someone put **a lamp** under this kind of container, it would completely hide the light from the lamp. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of container, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “in a box” or “under a container that hides its light”
5:15	c8el		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but rather they put it on”
5:15	hkm5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	καὶ	2	Here, the word **and** introduces the result of putting a lamp on a lampstand. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “and so” or “with the result that”
5:16	qhp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	λαμψάτω τὸ φῶς ὑμῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Here Jesus speaks of proper behavior as if it were a **light** that could **shine**. He means that everyone notices and benefits from this proper behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let what you do be like a light that shines before men” or “Live your life before men”
5:16	nz8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	λαμψάτω τὸ φῶς ὑμῶν	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Make sure that your light shines” or “Your light should shine”
5:16	l0kz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women” or “humans”
5:16	f9uv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὕτως	1	Here, the phrase **in such a way** refers back to what Jesus said in [5:15](../05/15.md) about a lamp shining on everyone in a house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “just as that lamp shines”
5:16	iiu8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν Πατέρα ὑμῶν	1	Jesus speaks of his disciples as if God were their physical father. He means that they have a father-son relationship with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your spiritual Father” or “God, who is like a Father to you,”\n
5:16	ouqi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God **the Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”
5:17	jirt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἦλθον	-1	Here, the phrase **I came** refers to Jesus entering this world as a human to do what God called him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I came to this world … I came to this world” or “I am acting … I am acting”
5:17	d30i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	τὸν νόμον ἢ τοὺς προφήτας	-1	The word **law** is the name for one part of the Hebrew Scriptures, and the word **prophets** is the name for another part of the Hebrew Scriptures. Show this in your translation in the way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “any part of the Scriptures, either the Law or the Prophets”
5:17	gg3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τοὺς προφήτας	1	Here, **the prophets** represents what the prophets said and wrote. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the writings of the prophets”
5:17	re9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὐκ ἦλθον καταλῦσαι, ἀλλὰ πληρῶσαι	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “I came not to destroy them. Rather, I came to fulfill them”
5:18	kgjk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason or basis for Jesus’ statement that he did not come to destroy the Scriptures but to fulfill them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “That is because,”
5:18	cqiz			ἀμὴν & λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
5:18	rpye		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕως ἂν παρέλθῃ ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ	1	Here Jesus refers to how **the heaven and the earth** that currently exist will pass away, and God will either renew them or make new ones. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “until this world ends” or “until God recreates the heaven and the earth”
5:18	cv3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ	1	Here, Jesus is referring to all of the created world by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all creation” or “the universe”
5:18	ylz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἰῶτα ἓν ἢ μία κερέα	1	A **jot** is a very small letter or character used in writing. A **tittle** is a small part of a letter or character. If your readers would not be familiar with these terms, you could use the names of the smallest parts of the writing system in your area or you could use more general terms. Alternate translation: “one word or one part of a word” or “one character or stroke in a character”
5:18	v4wj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	ἰῶτα ἓν ἢ μία κερέα	1	The terms **jot** and **tittle** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “one jot” or “one tittle”
5:18	ucl8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ	1	The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means”
5:18	ah3o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ νόμου	1	Here, the phrase **the law** could refer to: (1) the Old Testament Scriptures in general, just as the phrases “the law” and “the prophets” in [5:17](../05/17.md) refer to the Old Testament Scriptures. Alternate translation: “the law and the prophets” or “the Old Testament” (2) just the law, which is the first five books of the Old Testament. Alternate translation: “the Old Testament law” or “the law in the Scriptures”
5:18	ozda		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πάντα γένηται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “all things take place” or “they accomplish all things”
5:18	ya2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πάντα	1	Here, the phrase **all things** could refer to: (1) everything that is written in **the law**. Alternate translation: “all things written in the law” (2) everything that God has planned for this world and history. Alternate translation: “all things that God has planned” or “all things that will happen in this world”
5:19	dv5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὃς ἐὰν & λύσῃ μίαν τῶν ἐντολῶν τούτων τῶν ἐλαχίστων, καὶ διδάξῃ οὕτως τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ἐλάχιστος κληθήσεται ἐν τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. You may also need to rearrange the elements in the sentence. Alternate translation: “God will call least in the kingdom of the heavens anyone who annuls one of the least of these commandments and teaches men to do so”
5:19	uxz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῶν ἐλαχίστων & ἐλάχιστος	1	Here, the word **least** identifies something that is not very important. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the most least important … least unimportant”
5:19	hxl1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τοὺς ἀνθρώπους	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women” or “others”
5:19	yc45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὃς δ’ ἂν ποιήσῃ καὶ διδάξῃ, οὗτος μέγας κληθήσεται ἐν τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. You may also need to rearrange the elements in the sentence. Alternate translation: “But God will call great in the kingdom of the heavens anyone who does and teaches them”
5:20	zvia		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of what Jesus said in the previous verse about how important it is to obey even the least important laws. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a further explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “Even more,”
5:20	p2yq			λέγω & ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
5:20	zqr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	ἐὰν μὴ περισσεύσῃ ὑμῶν ἡ δικαιοσύνη πλεῖον τῶν γραμματέων καὶ Φαρισαίων, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was contradicting a statement that he was about to make, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “you will only enter into the kingdom of the heavens if your righteousness abounds more than that of the scribes and Pharisees”
5:20	ipn3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	περισσεύσῃ ὑμῶν ἡ δικαιοσύνη πλεῖον τῶν γραμματέων	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you are more righteous than the scribes”
5:20	l3lv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ	1	The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means”
5:21	y8lu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἐρρέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις	1	Here Jesus quotes from the Old Testament scriptures, specifically from [Exodus 20:13](../exo/20/13.md) or [Deuteronomy 5:17](../deu/05/17.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “the ancient ones were commanded in the law”
5:21	t6k5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐρρέθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God speaking through Moses. Alternate translation: “God said” or “Moses said”
5:21	nyud		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῖς ἀρχαίοις	1	Here, the phrase **the ancient ones** refers to the ancestors of the Jewish people to whom Jesus was speaking. The phrase most specifically refers to the Israelites who received the law at Mount Sinai. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites who lived long ago”
5:21	v7o5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	οὐ φονεύσεις	1	Since the author of the quotation is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the command here is singular. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “Each of you, do not kill”
5:21	zp63		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	δ’	1	Here, the word **and** introduces Jesus’ summary of what the law required when someone committed murder. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a form that clarifies that this is a summary, not a direct quotation from the Old Testament. Alternate translation: “and they were told” or “and they followed this principle:”
5:21	mij2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει	1	Here Jesus implies that the person who **kills** deserves to be judged and also punished by other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “will be subject to judgment and punishment” or “deserves to be judged and punished”
5:21	niea		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ κρίσει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “being judged” or “human authorities who will judge him or her”
5:22	p9fh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with what Jesus said in the previous verse ([5:21](../05/21.md)). Jesus is not contradicting what he said. Rather, he is making it stronger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “However,” or “Even more,”
5:22	mg2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐγὼ & λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι	1	Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** to emphasize what he is about to say and to contrast it with what “was said to the ancient ones” ([5:21](../05/21.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the emphatic contrast in another way. Alternate translation: “listen to this:” or “here is what you need to know:”
5:22	d5nl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ & τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ	1	Jesus is using the term **brother** to mean a person who follows Jesus and shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with a fellow disciple … to a fellow disciple”
5:22	rbi3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ & τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ	1	Although the terms **his** and **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “his or her brother or sister” to indicate this.
5:22	popw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει	1	See how you translated this clause in [5:21](../05/21.md). Alternate translation: “will be subject to judgment and punishment” or “deserves to be judged and punished”
5:22	b08b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ κρίσει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “being judged” or “human authorities who will judge him or her”
5:22	hf7n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	εἴπῃ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ, ῥακά, ἔνοχος ἔσται & εἴπῃ, μωρέ, ἔνοχος ἔσται	1	It may be more natural in your language to have indirect quotations here. Alternate translation: “calls his brother Raka will be subject to … says that someone is a fool will be subject”
5:22	w721		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	ῥακά	1	**Raka** is a word borrowed from Aramaic. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternative translation: “Fool” or “Idiot”
5:22	qwdj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔνοχος ἔσται τῷ Συνεδρίῳ	1	Here Jesus implies that any person who calls **his brother** a bad name like **Raka** deserves to be judged and punished by **the council**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “will be subject to judgment and punishment by the council” or “deserves to be judged and punished by the council”
5:22	i9r5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὃς δ’ ἂν εἴπῃ	2	Here Jesus implies that the person is speaking to **his brother**, just as with the earlier examples in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “And whoever says to his brother”
5:22	alfa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μωρέ	1	This is an insulting expression. Use an expression in your language that a person might use to insult another person. Alternate translation: “You are an idiot”
5:22	p42x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔνοχος ἔσται εἰς τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός	1	Here Jesus implies that any person who calls a fellow disciple a **fool** deserves to be judged by God and punished in **the Gehenna of fire**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “will be subject to judgment and punishment in the Gehenna of fire” or “deserves to be judged by God and punished in the Gehenna of fire”
5:22	ryio		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός	1	Here Jesus uses the name **Gehenna** to refer to hell. The valley named **Gehenna** was outside the city of Jerusalem and was a place where people threw out and burned garbage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a place of fire like the valley of Gehenna” or “fiery hell, which is like Gehenna valley”
5:22	xd6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **Gehenna** as a place that has much **fire**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the fiery Gehenna” or “the fires in Gehenna”
5:23	ck09		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces an inference or conclusion based on what Jesus has said about being angry and insulting fellow believers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an inference or conclusion. Alternate translation: “So” or “Because of that”
5:23	m0jg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	ἐὰν & προσφέρῃς τὸ δῶρόν σου ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον, κἀκεῖ μνησθῇς ὅτι ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἔχει τι κατὰ σοῦ	1	Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that people in his audience might be **at the altar** and **remember** that a **brother has something against** them. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “consider this situation: you are offering your gift at the altar, and there you remember that your brother has something against. If that were to happen”
5:23	he2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	προσφέρῃς & σου & μνησθῇς & σου & σοῦ	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
5:23	chv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ δῶρόν σου ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον	1	Here Jesus is referring to giving a **gift** to God at the **altar** in the temple in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make these ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “your gift to God at the altar in the temple”
5:23	wh1d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ ἀδελφός σου	1	Jesus is using the term **brother** to mean a person who follows Jesus and shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a fellow disciple”
5:23	zkec		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ὁ ἀδελφός σου	1	Although the term **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “your brother or sister” to indicate this.
5:23	lrsx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἔχει τι κατὰ σοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **has something against you** indicates that the **brother** has been offended or injured by **you**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is upset with you” or “has been offended by you”
5:24	hxl6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	ἄφες & σου & ὕπαγε & διαλλάγηθι & σου & πρόσφερε & σου	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
5:24	lrx6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὕπαγε	1	Here Jesus implies that the person needs to **go** to his or her **brother**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “go to your brother”
5:24	q08w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	πρῶτον διαλλάγηθι τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου, καὶ τότε ἐλθὼν, πρόσφερε τὸ δῶρόν σου	1	Here Jesus emphasizes that these two events must happen in this sequence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could emphasize the sequence in another way. Alternate translation: “before you can come back and offer your gift, you need to be reconciled with your brother”
5:24	z9m5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	διαλλάγηθι τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “reconcile with your brother” or “restore the relationship with your brother”
5:24	h4ch		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου	1	Jesus is using the term **brother** to mean a person who follows Jesus and shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with that fellow disciple”
5:24	z0hy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου	1	Although the term **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “with your brother or sister” to indicate this.
5:24	cxe2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐλθὼν	1	Here Jesus implies that the person can to **come** back to the **altar**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having come back to your gift at the altar”
5:24	aa4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
5:25	mhr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἴσθι εὐνοῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **agreement**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Agree”
5:25	d3p1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	ἴσθι & σου & εἶ & σε & ὁ & βληθήσῃ	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
5:25	sr9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τῷ ἀντιδίκῳ σου & ὁ ἀντίδικος	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe someone who accuses another person (“you”). If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “with the one who is accusing you … the one who is accusing you”
5:25	lr2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἶ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ	1	Here, **on the way** is referring to the time when the person and the person’s **accuser** are walking to the place where the judge is. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you are walking with him on the road to the law court”
5:25	unun		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτοῦ	1	Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “him or her”
5:25	nev9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	σε παραδῷ	1	Here, the phrase **hand you over** refers to putting someone under the authority and control of another person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “might transfer you” or “might entrust you”
5:25	pq6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ὁ κριτὴς τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the judge might hand you over to the officer”
5:25	gcm5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ	1	Here, **the officer** is a person who has authority to carry out the decisions of a judge. Usually this involves bringing people to jail if they have been declared guilty by the judge. Alternate translation: “to one who carries out the judge’s orders”
5:25	drhp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	εἰς φυλακὴν βληθήσῃ	1	Here, the phrase **thrown into prison** refers to someone being locked up in **prison**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will be put into prison” or “you will be locked up in prison”
5:25	pzh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	βληθήσῃ	1	If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the officer will throw you”
5:26	e5ip			ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
5:26	uu76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σοι, οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃς & ἀποδῷς	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation.
5:26	l1xl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ	1	The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means”
5:26	z8sl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃς	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “you will certainly not go out”
5:26	z2mc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕως ἂν ἀποδῷς τὸν ἔσχατον κοδράντην	1	Here Jesus implies that the “judge” required the person to pay a fine or give money to the person who accused him or her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “until you have paid the last quadrans that the judge required”
5:26	zlil		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	τὸν ἔσχατον κοδράντην	1	A **quadrans** was one of the smallest and least valuable coins in circulation in this place and time. It was equivalent to about an eighth of an hour’s wage. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might use the name of the least valuable coin in your culture, or a general expression. Alternate translation: “the last penny” or “every bit of money that your creditor demands”
5:27	jxg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐρρέθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God speaking through Moses. Alternate translation: “God commanded” or “Moses said”
5:27	u2d8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἐρρέθη	1	Here Jesus quotes from the Old Testament scriptures, specifically from [Exodus 20:14](../exo/20/14.md) or [Deuteronomy 5:18](../deu/05/18.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “it was commanded in the law”
5:27	dsek		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	οὐ μοιχεύσεις	1	Since the author of the quotation is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the command here is singular. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “Each of you, do not commit adultery”
5:27	gdpu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	οὐ μοιχεύσεις	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **adultery**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Do not be an adulterer or adulteress” or “Do not do what is adulterous”
5:28	faww		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with what Jesus said in the previous verse ([5:27](../05/27.md)). Jesus is not contradicting what he said. Rather, he is making it stronger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “However,” or “Even more,”
5:28	o6w7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐγὼ & λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι	1	Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** to emphasize what he is about to say and to contrast it with the command he quoted in the previous verse ([5:27](../05/27.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the emphatic contrast in another way. Alternate translation: “listen to this:” or “here is what you need to know:”
5:28	mchs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	γυναῖκα	1	Here Jesus implies that this **woman** is not the man’s wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “another woman” or “a woman to whom he is not married”
5:28	y8sf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι αὐτὴν	1	Here, the phrase **to lust after her** could describe: (1) the purpose for which the man is **looking**. Alternate translation: “in order to lust after her” (2) the result of the man **looking**. Alternate translation: “with the result that he lusts after her”
5:28	z70s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἤδη ἐμοίχευσεν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **adultery**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “has already become an adulterer” or “has already done what is adulterous”
5:28	glg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ	1	In Matthew’s culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “in his thoughts” or “in his desires”
5:29	g850		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a further development in what Jesus has been speaking about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a development, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”
5:29	wm6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σου & σε, ἔξελε & βάλε & σοῦ & σοι & σου & σου	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
5:29	ikp5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	εἰ & ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ὁ δεξιὸς σκανδαλίζει σε	1	Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that people in his audience might experience their **right eye** causing them **to stumble**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “consider this situation: your right eye causes you to stumble. If that were to happen”\n
5:29	y0f2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ὁ δεξιὸς σκανδαλίζει σε	1	Here, Jesus speaks of **your right eye** as if it were a person who could cause **you to stumble**. He means that the **right eye** is the part of the body that is involved in the stumbling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it is your right eye’s fault that you stumble” or “you stumble with your right eye”
5:29	aro9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σκανδαλίζει σε	1	Here, Jesus is speaking of sinning as if it were **stumbling**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes you to sin”
5:29	v6jr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	ἔξελε αὐτὸν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ	1	Here Jesus provides the most extreme response to sinning. He does not mean that this should be the normal way to deal with sin. You should preserve the extreme language Jesus uses, but use a form that indicates that this is the most extreme example. Alternate translation: “if necessary you should even pluck it out and throw it away from you!”
5:29	xvdo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why people should pluck out their eyes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “Indeed,”
5:29	v687		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἓν τῶν μελῶν σου	1	Here, the phrase **one of your members** refers to a body part. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “one of your body parts”
5:29	x2dz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	2	Here, the word **and** introduces the result of one of **your members** perishing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “so” or “with the result that”
5:29	v1cn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μὴ ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου βληθῇ εἰς Γέενναν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God would not throw your whole body into Gehenna”
5:29	cxyk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Γέενναν	1	Here Jesus uses the name **Gehenna** to refer to hell. Translate the name as you did in [5:22](../05/22.md). Alternate translation: “a place like the valley of Gehenna” or “hell, which is like Gehenna valley”
5:30	wtyk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	1	This verse means basically the same thing as the previous verse, but Jesus uses the example of a **right hand** instead of a “right eye.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word other than **and** to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Again,” or “Here is another example:”
5:30	llw9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σου & σε, ἔκκοψον & βάλε & σοῦ & σοι & σου & σου	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
5:30	zx8x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	εἰ ἡ δεξιά σου χεὶρ σκανδαλίζει σε	1	Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that people in his audience might experience their **right hand** causing them **to stumble**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. See how you translated the similar clause in [5:29](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “consider this situation: your right hand causes you to stumble. If that were to happen”\n
5:30	klwl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἡ δεξιά σου χεὶρ σκανδαλίζει σε	1	Here, Jesus speaks of **your right hand** as if it were a person who could cause **you to stumble**. He means that the **right hand** is the part of the body that is involved in the stumbling. See how you translated the similar clause in [5:29](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “it is your right hand’s fault that you stumble” or “you stumble with your right hand”
5:30	qqom		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σκανδαλίζει σε	1	Here, Jesus is speaking of sinning as if it were stumbling. See how you translated this phrase in [5:29](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “causes you to sin”
5:30	qs74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	ἔκκοψον αὐτὴν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ	1	Here Jesus provides the most extreme response to sinning. He does not mean that this should be the normal way to deal with sin. You should preserve the extreme language Jesus uses, but use a form that indicates that this is the most extreme example. See how you translated the similar command in [5:29](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “if necessary you should even cut it off and throw it away from you!”
5:30	xtus		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why people should cut off their hands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave For untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “Indeed,”
5:30	pdkq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἓν τῶν μελῶν σου	1	Here, the phrase **one of your members** refers to a body part. See how you translated this phrase in [5:29](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “one of your body parts”\n
5:30	r4d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	2	Here, the word **and** introduces the result of one of **your members** perishing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “so” or “with the result that”
5:30	i3yo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	μὴ ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου εἰς Γέενναν ἀπέλθῃ	1	Here, Jesus speaks of **your whole body** as if it were a person who could **go into Gehenna**. He means that the person ends up in **Gehenna** with their **whole body**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your whole body would not be sent into Gehenna” or “God would not throw your whole body into Gehenna”\n
5:30	wfbh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Γέενναν	1	Here Jesus uses the name **Gehenna** to refer to hell. Translate the name as you did in [5:29](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “a place like the valley of Gehenna” or “hell, which is like Gehenna valley”
5:31	evxt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δέ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next topic. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
5:31	dh23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐρρέθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God speaking through Moses. Alternate translation: “God commanded” or “Moses said”
5:31	dy9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἐρρέθη	1	Here Jesus summarizes a command from the Old Testament scriptures, which can be found in [Deuteronomy 24:1](../deu/24/01.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “it was commanded in the law”
5:31	mibe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	δότω	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he needs to give”
5:31	gagq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἀποστάσιον	1	A **certificate of divorce** is a written document that makes the divorce official. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of document, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a written paper that testifies to the divorce”
5:32	nodq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with what Jesus said in the previous verse ([5:31](../05/31.md)). Jesus is not contradicting what he said. Rather, he is making it stronger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “However,” or “Even more,”
5:32	zl66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐγὼ & λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι	1	Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** to emphasize what he is about to say and to contrast it with the command he quoted in the previous verse ([5:31](../05/31.md)). See how you translated the same phrase in [5:28](../05/28.md). Alternate translation: “listen to this:” or “here is what you need to know:”
5:32	j2aq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	πᾶς ὁ ἀπολύων τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, παρεκτὸς λόγου πορνείας, ποιεῖ αὐτὴν μοιχευθῆναι	1	If it would appear in your language that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “the only time a man is allowed to divorce his wife is when there is a report of sexual immorality. Otherwise, when he divorces her, he causes her to commit adultery”
5:32	xp5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λόγου πορνείας	1	Here Jesus implies that the **report** is about the wife having done something that is sexually immoral. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a report that she has been sexually immoral”
5:32	fi3w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	πορνείας	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **immorality**, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “concerning what is sexually immoral” or “of sexually immoral behavior”
5:32	c899		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ποιεῖ αὐτὴν μοιχευθῆναι	1	Here, the phrase **causes her to commit adultery** could imply that: (1) the wife marries again, since that was expected in Matthew’s culture. When she does, she commits adultery. Alternate translation: “causes her to commit adultery when she marries another man” (2) the man marries again, since that was expected in Matthew’s culture. When he does, he makes his previous wife the victim of **adultery**. Alternate translation: “commits adultery against her when he marries another woman”
5:32	k3oj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μοιχευθῆναι & μοιχᾶται	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **adultery**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to become an adulteress … becomes an adulterer” or “to do what is adulterous … does what is adulterous”
5:32	zai7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀπολελυμένην	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the woman’s husband. Alternate translation: “her after her husband has divorced her”
5:33	ztzy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	πάλιν	1	Here, the word **Again** introduces a new group of contrasts between what the disciples have heard and what Jesus says to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a second, similar section, or you could leave **Again** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Further” or “Even more”
5:33	nfvn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἐρρέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις	1	Here Jesus summarizes several commands in the Old Testament that require people to do what they promised to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that Jesus is summarizing commands from the Old Testament Scriptures. Alternate translation: “the ancient ones were commanded in the law”
5:33	fk86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐρρέθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God speaking through Moses. Alternate translation: “God declared” or “Moses said”
5:33	m4lb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῖς ἀρχαίοις	1	Here, the phrase **the ancient ones** refers to the ancestors of the Jewish people to whom Jesus was speaking. The phrase most specifically refers to the Israelites who received the law at Mount Sinai. See how you translated the phrase in [5:21](../05/21.md). Alternate translation: “to the Israelites who lived long ago”
5:33	qkme		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	οὐκ ἐπιορκήσεις, ἀποδώσεις δὲ τῷ Κυρίῳ τοὺς ὅρκους σου	1	Since the author of the quotation is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the command here is singular. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “Each of you, do not break an oath, but carry out your oaths to the Lord”
5:33	ic29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ ἐπιορκήσεις	1	Here, the command **Do not break an oath** could be forbidding people from: (1) swearing to do something and then not doing it. Alternate translation: “Do not fail to accomplish what you said in an oath” (2) swearing that something is true when it is not true. Alternate translation: “Do not swear falsely” or “Do not use an oath to say that something false is actually true”
5:33	tk9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here the word **but** introduces what to do instead of breaking an oath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “but instead”
5:33	f6zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀποδώσεις & τῷ Κυρίῳ τοὺς ὅρκους σου	1	Here, the phrase **carry out your oaths to the Lord** means that people do to do what they promised **the Lord** that they would do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable clause or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “accomplish what you said in your oath to the Lord”
5:34	dqgv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word But introduces a contrast with what Jesus said in the previous verse ([5:33](../05/33.md)). Jesus is not contradicting what he said. Rather, he is adding new information. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “However,” or “Yet”
5:34	idtm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐγὼ & λέγω ὑμῖν μὴ ὀμόσαι	1	Jesus uses the clause **I tell you** to emphasize what he is about to say and to contrast it with what “was said to the ancient ones” ([5:33](../05/33.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the emphatic contrast in another way. Alternate translation: “listen to this: do not swear” or “here is what you need to know: do not swear”
5:34	nldv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὅλως; μήτε ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, ὅτι θρόνος ἐστὶν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why people should not swear **by heaven**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could put the reason before the command. Alternate translation: “at all. Heaven is the throne of God, so do not swear by it”
5:34	u7su		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	θρόνος ἐστὶν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Here, Jesus speaks of **heaven** as if it were **the throne of God**. He means that **heaven** is the place from which God rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “it is where God’s throne is” or “it is the place from which God rules”
5:35	e7z8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μήτε ἐν τῇ γῇ, ὅτι ὑποπόδιόν ἐστιν τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why people should not swear **by the earth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could put the reason before the command. Alternate translation: “and the earth is a footstool for his feet, so do not swear by it either”
5:35	mvcd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὑποπόδιόν ἐστιν τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ	1	Here, Jesus speaks of **the earth** as if it were **a footstool for his feet**. He means that **the earth** is a place over which God rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “it is where God exercises his authority” or “it is the place over which God rules”
5:35	uhvy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μήτε εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, ὅτι πόλις ἐστὶν τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλέως	1	Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why people should not swear **by Jerusalem**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could put the reason before the command. Alternate translation: “and Jerusalem is the city of the great King, so do not swear by it either”
5:35	hqn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	πόλις & τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλέως	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **city** that belongs to **the great King**. It is the **city** where **the great King** is present in a special way. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the city where the great King is present” or “the city that the great King possesses”
5:35	hsk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλέως	1	Here Jesus implies that **the great King** is God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the great King, God”
5:36	l9c8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μήτε ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ σου ὀμόσῃς, ὅτι οὐ δύνασαι μίαν τρίχα λευκὴν ποιῆσαι ἢ μέλαιναν	1	Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why people should not swear by their **head**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could put the reason before the command. Alternate translation: “Also, you are not able to make one hair on your head white or black, so you should not swear by your head”
5:36	gbwp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σου ὀμόσῃς & οὐ δύνασαι	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
5:36	z5vu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μίαν τρίχα	1	Here Jesus implies that this **hair** is on a person’s head. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “one hair on your head”
5:37	v8ej		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with what Jesus tells the disciples not to do in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Instead,” or “Rather,”
5:37	iqqt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	ἔστω & ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your word should be” or “you should only say”
5:37	hjrc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν	1	Here, **word** represents what a person says using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what you say”
5:37	opmi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ναὶ ναί, οὒ οὔ	1	Here Jesus implies that a person is using the word **yes** to make a promise to say or do something and the word **no** to make a promise not to say or do something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “‘yes I will’ or ‘no I will not’”
5:37	gbni		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ & περισσὸν τούτων	1	Here Jesus is referring to saying anything more than **yes** or **no** when making a promise. He is particularly referring to swearing an oath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “using more words in your promise” or “including an oath”
5:37	l664		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ πονηροῦ	1	Here, the phrase **the evil one** could refer to: (1) the devil, or Satan. Alternate translation: “the devil” (2) **evil** in general. Alternate translation: “evil” or “what is evil”
5:38	zar1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐρρέθη	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God commanded” or “Moses said”
5:38	n50o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἐρρέθη	1	Here Jesus quotes from the Old Testament scriptures. These words can be found in [Exodus 21:24](../exo/21/24.md); [Leviticus 24:20](../lev/24/20.md); and [Deuteronomy 19:21](../deu/19/21.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “it was commanded in the law”
5:38	og6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ καὶ ὀδόντα ἀντὶ ὀδόντος	1	Here Jesus implies that this command deals with the proper way to punish people when they injure others. The command indicates that the punishment should match what the person did to hurt another person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “If someone injured another person’s eye, his or her eye should be injured as punishment; if someone injured another person’s tooth, his or her tooth should be injured as punishment” or “If you hurt someone’s eye, your eye will be hurt; if you hurt someone’s tooth, your tooth will be hurt”
5:39	gu6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with what Jesus said in the previous verse ([5:38](../05/38.md)). Jesus is not contradicting what he said. Rather, he is adding new information. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “However,” or “Yet”
5:39	xjgo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐγὼ & λέγω ὑμῖν, μὴ ἀντιστῆναι	1	Jesus uses the clause **I tell you** to emphasize what he is about to say and to contrast it with what he quoted in the previous verse ([5:38](../05/38.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the emphatic contrast in another way. Alternate translation: “listen to this: do not resist” or “here is what you need to know: do not resist”
5:39	eiqi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀντιστῆναι	1	Here, the word **resist** could refer to: (1) trying to stop someone from doing something. Alternate translation: “to oppose” (2) trying to fight back or get revenge. Alternate translation: “to fight back against” or “to get revenge on”
5:39	qrx1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ πονηρῷ	1	Here, the phrase **the evil one** could refer to: (1) any person who acts in **evil** ways. Alternate translation: “an evil person” or “any person who is evil” (2) any action or thing that is **evil**. Alternate translation: “anything evil” or “evil actions”
5:39	oslz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ὅστις σε ῥαπίζει εἰς τὴν δεξιὰν σιαγόνα, στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην	1	Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach. Use a natural method in your language for introducing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “if anyone strikes you on the right cheek, you should to turn him the other also”
5:39	kgnb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σε & στρέψον	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this sentence. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation.
5:39	i13f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην	1	Here Jesus implies that turning the **other** cheek **to him** will allow the person to strike this **other** cheek. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “turn to him the other so that he can strike it also”
5:39	ztvk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτῷ	1	Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “to him or her”
5:40	d5pb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	τῷ θέλοντί σοι κριθῆναι καὶ τὸν χιτῶνά σου λαβεῖν, ἄφες αὐτῷ καὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον	1	Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach. Use a natural method in your language for introducing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “if someone wants to have judgment passed upon you and to take away your tunic, you should let him also have your cloak”
5:40	gr2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	σοι κριθῆναι	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to have someone judge you” or “you to be judged”
5:40	rkhi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σοι & σου & ἄφες & τὸ	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
5:40	fcgl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ τὸν χιτῶνά σου λαβεῖν	1	Here, the word **and** introduces the result of **judgment** being **passed upon you**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this more explicit. Alternate translation: “with the result that he takes away your tunic”
5:40	t9f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὸν χιτῶνά & ἱμάτιον	1	The **tunic** was worn close to the body, like a heavy shirt or a sweater. The **cloak**, the more valuable of the two, was worn over the **tunic** for warmth and could be used as a blanket for warmth at night. If your readers would not be familiar with these kinds of garments, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “inner garment … outer garment”\n
5:40	ckn9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτῷ	1	Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “him or her”
5:41	hv2q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ὅστις σε ἀγγαρεύσει μίλιον ἕν, ὕπαγε μετ’ αὐτοῦ δύο	1	Jesus is using a hypothetical situation to teach. Use a natural method in your language for introducing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “if someone compels you to go one mile, you should go with him two”
5:41	i867		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	σε ἀγγαρεύσει	1	Here, the phrase **compel you to go** refers to a person in authority forcing someone else to carry his or her pack or belongings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this idea explicit. Alternate translation: “will force you to carry their pack for” or “will make you act as their porter for”
5:41	bmme		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σε & ὕπαγε	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation.
5:41	i86s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	μίλιον ἕν	1	Here, **one mile** refers to the Roman mile, which was 1,000 paces. In modern measurements, this is about 4,860 feet or 1,480 meters. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this in terms of modern measurements, either in the text or a footnote. It is not important to the meaning of the passage be precise about the distance, so you could use round numbers. Alternate translation: “1,500 meters” or “one kilometer” or “5,000 feet”
5:41	zv6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ὕπαγε μετ’ αὐτοῦ δύο	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “go with him two miles”
5:41	s4kl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτοῦ	1	Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “him or her”
5:42	i90h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ αἰτοῦντί σε, δός	1	Here Jesus does not specify what the person is **asking** for or what should be given. He does this to include many things that a person might ask for. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include a generic or general object. Alternate translation: “Give to the one asking you for anything” or “When a person asks you for anything, give it to him or her”
5:42	qkit		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σε, δός & σοῦ & μὴ ἀποστραφῇς	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation.
5:42	h6j9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ ἀποστραφῇς	1	Here Jesus speaks of refusing to help someone as if it were turning away from that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not refuse” or “do not reject”
5:42	znk7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δανίσασθαι	1	Here, the word **borrow** usually indicates borrowing money. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to borrow money”
5:43	fp6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐρρέθη	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God commanded” or “Moses said”
5:43	cyz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἐρρέθη	1	Here Jesus quotes from the Old Testament scriptures. The words **Love your neighbor** are from [Leviticus 19:18](../lev/19/18.md). The words **hate your enemy** are what some people would say in addition to the quotation from the Old Testament. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “people often quote the law by saying”\n
5:43	ufba		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου, καὶ μισήσεις τὸν ἐχθρόν σου	1	Since the author of the quotation is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the command here is singular. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “Each of you, love your neighbor and hate your enemy”
5:43	itz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τὸν πλησίον σου & τὸν ἐχθρόν σου	1	The words **neighbor** and **enemy** represent neighbors and enemies in general, not one particular neighbor or enemy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “each of your neighbors … each of your enemies”
5:43	tqj3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν πλησίον σου	1	Here Jesus refers to any member of one’s community or group as a **neighbor**. He is not referring just to people who live nearby. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your countrymen” or “everyone who belongs to your group”
5:44	tudc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with what Jesus said in the previous verse ([5:43](../05/43.md)). Jesus is not contradicting what God said about loving neighbors, but he is contradicting what some people say about hating enemies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “However,” or “Yet”
5:44	vq8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐγὼ & λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** to emphasize what he is about to say and to contrast it with what he quoted in the previous verse ([5:43](../05/43.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the emphatic contrast in another way. Alternate translation: “listen to this:” or “here is what you need to know:”
5:44	ogqi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν, καὶ προσεύχεσθε	1	Many ancient manuscripts only include these two commands in this verse. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts include the commands “bless the ones cursing you, do good to the ones hating you” between the words **enemies** and **and**. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.\n
5:45	ir75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	ὅπως	1	The connecting words **so that** introduce a goal or purpose relationship. The purpose for loving enemies and praying for persecutors (see [5:44](../05/44.md)) is to **be sons of your Father**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “in order that”
5:45	my3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	υἱοὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν	1	Jesus speaks of his disciples as if God were their physical **Father**. He means that they have a father-son relationship with God, which indicates that they act or behave like God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “spiritual sons of your spiritual Father” or “like God, whom you can call your Father”
5:45	jzu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατρὸς ὑμῶν	1	**Father** is an important title for the first person in the Trinity. He is the **Father** also of Jesus.
5:45	syjz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God **the Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”
5:45	sxvq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὅτι	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why those who treat their enemies well will **be sons** of their **Father**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “You will be his sons because” or “That is because”
5:45	hwxb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς & δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους	1	In the first clause, Jesus mentions the wicked person first, but in the second clause he mentions the wicked person second. This structure sounded good in his culture. If your language would not use this structure, you could consistently refer to either the wicked or the good person first. Alternate translation: “the good and the evil … the just and the unjust” or “the evil and the good … the unjust and the just”
5:45	qj7n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς & δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους	1	Jesus is using the adjectives **evil**, **good**, **just**, and **unjust** as nouns to mean people who are characterized by these qualities. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people … just people and unjust people”
5:46	qjwb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces further support for Jesus’ command to love enemies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces support for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “You should love your enemies because” or “You should do what I am saying since”
5:46	se4k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίνα μισθὸν ἔχετε?	1	Jesus uses this question to show that people who only love others who love them will not receive any **reward**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “you have no reward.” or “there is no reward for you!”
5:46	cb77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ καὶ οἱ τελῶναι τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν?	1	Jesus uses this question to show that even **tax collectors**, who were often considered to be unloving people, love people who love them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Even the tax collectors do the same.” or “Even tax collectors do that very thing!”
5:47	qpvk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ὑμῶν	1	Jesus is using the term **brothers** to mean people who share the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fellow disciples” or “other believers”
5:47	ebw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς	1	Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brothers and sisters” to indicate this.
5:47	ba6e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί περισσὸν ποιεῖτε?	1	Jesus uses this question to show that people who **greet** only their **brothers** do not do anything **more**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “you do nothing more.” or “you have not done anything more!”
5:47	ah5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	περισσὸν	1	Here Jesus implies that they are not doing anything **more** than people who do not know God do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “more than anyone else” or “more than people who do not know God”
5:47	cjkf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ καὶ οἱ ἐθνικοὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν?	1	Jesus uses this question to show that even **Gentiles**, who do not know God, greet their friends. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Even the Gentiles do the same thing.” or “Even Gentiles do that very thing!”
5:48	x9xh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces the conclusion to what Jesus has been telling his disciples about how to live. He could be concluding everything he said in [5:21–47](../05/21.md), or he could concluding only what he said in [5:43–47](../05/43.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a conclusion. Alternate translation: “So then” or “In summary”
5:48	l6pa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ οὐράνιος	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God your heavenly Father”
6:intro	jrj2				0	# Matthew 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:28)\n      * Giving alms (6:1–4)\n      * Praying to God (6:5–15)\n      * Fasting (6:16–18)\n      * Storing up treasure (6:19–21)\n      * The eye and the body (6:22–23)\n      * Two masters (6:24)\n      * Being anxious (6:25–34)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the prayer in [6:9–13](../06/09.md).\n\nJesus spoke about many different subjects in this sermon, so you may wish to help the reader by putting an empty line into the text whenever Jesus changed the subject.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Giving alms\n\nGiving alms was an important practice for religious people in Jesus’ culture. To give alms, a person would offer money or possessions to other people who were poor or in need. Sometimes they would give the money or possessions directly to poor people. Other times, they would give it to the priests, who would give to poor people. Make sure that your translation refers to this kind of practice.\n\n### “The Lord’s Prayer”\n\nIn [6:9–13](../06/09.md), Jesus speaks a prayer that he wants his disciples to imitate when they pray. The prayer is very poetic, and it is sometimes called “the Lord’s Prayer.” Many churches use this prayer during their meetings, and the form that churches use is often not the same form that Matthew wrote down. If churches already use a form of this prayer in your language, you could use the same words. However, you should follow the form of the prayer as Mathew wrote it down, and you should not include any extra lines or pieces of the prayer beyond what Matthew included.\n\n### Fasting\n\nIn [6:16–18](../06/16.md), Jesus gives instructions related to fasting. Just as with giving alms, fasting was an important practice for religious people in Jesus’ culture. Fasting usually required avoiding all food and drink, but some kinds of fasting only required avoiding certain kinds of food. Also, some fasts were public (that is, many people fasted on these set days) and some fasts were private (that is, individuals would choose to fast for certain reasons). Many fasts lasted part of a day or a full day. Jesus does not condemn fasting; instead, he gives instructions for how to behave while fasting. Make sure that your translation refers to these kinds of practices.\n\n### Storing up treasures\n\nIn [6:19–21](../06/19.md), Jesus speaks about storing up treasures either on earth or in heaven. He is speaking not only of possessions or money but also of anything that one considers to be valuable. Jesus points out that valuable things in heaven cannot be ruined like valuable things on earth can. Also, he states that a person’s “heart” is where they store their treasures. If possible, use a word for “treasure” that can refer to money, possessions, and any other valuable things.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The lamp and light metaphor in [6:22–23](../06/22.md)\n\nIn these verses, Jesus speaks about eyes as if they were lamps for the body. This figure of speech has two pieces to it. First, Jesus speaks of how bodies work using the metaphor of lamps and light. Second, Jesus speaks of Christian living using the metaphor of how bodies work. It is important to consider both of these pieces as you translate these verses.\n\nFirst, Jesus speaks of how bodies work using the metaphor of lamps and light. There are two major options for understanding what Jesus means when he refers to an eye as the lamp of the body. First, in Matthew’s culture, some people thought that eyes worked by sending out a form of light that would shine on what they saw. In this case, eyes are like lamps because they have light inside them that shines out. So, the whole body is light or dark inside based on whether the eyes shine properly. Second, the eyes could be like windows that let light into the body. Since they let light into a place, they are like lamps. So, the whole body is light or dark inside based on whether the eyes let light in. Consider how you might best express one of these meanings while maintaining the light and dark language, which is very important for understanding the figure of speech.\n\nSecond, Jesus speaks of Christian life using the metaphor of how bodies work. Scholars debate what Jesus means when he talks about a “healthy eye” and “light” in contrast to an “evil eye” and “darkness.” He might mean devotion to God in contrast to evil desires. He might mean generosity in contrast to greed and selfishness. He might mean paying attention to what he is saying in contrast to ignoring his instructions. Since Jesus most likely intended this figure of speech to be like a riddle or puzzle, you should retain the body metaphor. If necessary, you could indicate that this is a figure of speech without stating exactly what it means.\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nIn [6:25–28](../06/25.md) and [6:30](../06/30.md), Jesus uses rhetorical questions. He asks these questions to include the disciples in what he is arguing, not because he is looking for information. If your language does not use questions in this way, you could include answers to the questions or you could express them as statements or exclamations. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nIn this chapter, Jesus is talking to a large crowd of his followers. Throughout the chapter, Jesus switches between using “you” in the singular and “you” in the plural while he is talking to the same people. When he uses the singular, he is speaking about specific situations that each person in the crowd might experience. When he uses the plural, he is speaking generally to the crowd as a whole. You should assume that Jesus is using plural forms of “you” unless a note specifies that the forms are singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
6:1	zvn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next topic. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”\n
6:1	bgc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν δικαιοσύνην ὑμῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is righteous” or “your righteous deeds”
6:1	p335		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “before men and women”
6:1	z7ts		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πρὸς τὸ θεαθῆναι	1	Here, the phrase **to be seen** refers to being recognized or praised. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to be praised” or “to be honored”
6:1	vvm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πρὸς τὸ θεαθῆναι αὐτοῖς	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that they see you”
6:1	jyir		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	εἰ δὲ μή γε	1	Here, the word **otherwise** introduces a contrast that specifies what will happen if people disobey the command in the first part of the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “but if you disobey this command” or “because if you do act in that way”
6:1	juj5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῷ Πατρὶ ὑμῶν	1	Jesus speaks of his disciples as if God were their physical **Father**. He means that they have a father-son relationship with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your spiritual Father” or “God, who is like a Father to you”\n
6:1	x9wq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase in the heavens identifies the location in which God the Father is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”
6:2	qg4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **So** introduces an application of the general principle that Jesus gave in [6:1](../06/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an application. Alternate translation: “Therefore,” or “So then,”
6:2	dcwv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	ποιῇς & μὴ σαλπίσῃς & σου	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **yourself** are singular throughout this sentence. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **yourself** in your translation.
6:2	g834		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ σαλπίσῃς ἔμπροσθέν σου	1	Here Jesus could be referring to: (1) how people actually had someone with a **trumpet** announce that they were giving **alms**. This would be an extreme example of calling attention to oneself. Alternate translation: “do not have someone with a trumpet announce it before you” (2) how people draw attention to how they give **alms**, and he describes it as if they were sounding a **trumpet**. Alternate translation: “do not draw attention to yourself” or “do not announce it publicly, as if you were using a trumpet,”
6:2	d8kw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μὴ σαλπίσῃς ἔμπροσθέν σου	1	Here Jesus implies that people would have someone else **sound a trumpet** in front of them as they went to **give alms**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “do not have someone sound a trumpet in front of you”
6:2	bc9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ ἐν ταῖς ῥύμαις	1	These locations were public places where many people would hear the **trumpet**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “in public areas like synagogues and streets”
6:2	dk6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὅπως δοξασθῶσιν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that men may glorify them”
6:2	snan		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women” or “humans”
6:2	uh89			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
6:2	q6dq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπέχουσιν τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν	1	Here Jesus means that they have received their entire **reward** from **men**, and God will not reward them any further. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they have already received all the reward they will get” or “God will not give them any reward beyond that”
6:3	z4c1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σοῦ & σου & σου	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
6:3	t3s1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous	ποιοῦντος ἐλεημοσύνην	1	Here, the phrase **giving alms** identifies the situation in which people should follow this command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this relationship clearer. Alternate translation: “whenever you give alms” or “as you are giving alms”
6:3	vca2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	μὴ γνώτω ἡ ἀριστερά σου τί ποιεῖ ἡ δεξιά σου	1	Here Jesus speaks of **your left hand** and **your right hand** as if they were people who could **know** and do things on their own. He means that **giving alms** should be done so secretly that even other body parts, if they could know things, would not know about it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not yet your best friend know what you are doing” or “do it so privately that, if your left hand were a person, it would not know what you had done”
6:4	jvju		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	ὅπως	1	Here, the phrase **so that** introduces the purpose for which the disciples should give alms privately. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “in order that”
6:4	iio4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ Πατήρ σου	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate Father with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God, who is your Father,”
6:5	m54u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	προσεύχῃ, οὐκ ἔσεσθε	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this sentence (the word **you** in the second sentence is plural). But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation.
6:5	d6t7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	φιλοῦσιν & ἑστῶτες προσεύχεσθαι	1	Here Jesus that they **love to pray** in public places, not simply that they **love to pray** in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they love to pray publicly, for example standing”
6:5	hh45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν	1	These locations were public places where many people would hear the prayers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “in public areas like synagogues and the corners of the streets”
6:5	rzpj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	φανῶσιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “men may see them”
6:5	c3tr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	φανῶσιν	1	Here Jesus implies not only that these people want to be **seen** but also that they want to be honored or praised. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they may be seen and honored” or “they may be seen and praised”
6:5	ub7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women” or “humans”
6:5	t44t			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
6:5	s8vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπέχουσι τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν	1	Here Jesus means that they have received their entire **reward** from men, and God will not reward them any further. See how you translated this clause in [6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “they have already received all the reward they will get” or “God will not give them any reward beyond that”
6:6	yb5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	σὺ δὲ	1	Here, the phrase **But you** introduces what Jesus wants each of his disciples to do in contrast to what the “hypocrites” do, which he described in the previous verse ([6:5](../06/05.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “As for you, however”
6:6	ef9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σὺ & εἴσελθε & σου & σου, πρόσευξαι & σου & σου & σοι	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
6:6	dqv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὸ ταμεῖόν σου	1	The **inner chamber** was a small, private room in a house. It could be a bedroom or a storage room. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of room, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “your private area” or “your own room”
6:6	kkn7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῷ Πατρί σου & ὁ Πατήρ σου	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “to God, who is your Father, … God, who is your Father,”
6:6	agxo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ Πατρί σου τῷ ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ	1	Here, the phrase **your Father in secret** could mean that: (1) the **Father** is present even when a person prays **in secret**. Alternate translation: “to your Father who is with you in secret” (2) the **Father** himself is **in secret**, which means that no one can see or observe him. Alternate translation: “to your Father, whom no one can see” (3) the disciple should pray **in secret**. Alternate translation: “in secret to your Father”
6:7	t9p1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	προσευχόμενοι δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces Jesus’ next teaching about **praying**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces another teaching, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “As for what to say when you pray” or “As for when you are praying”
6:7	hw30		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μὴ βατταλογήσητε	1	Here, the phrase **make useless repetitions** could refer to: (1) repeating words. Alternate translation: “do not repeat your words” (2) using meaningless words. Alternate translation: “do not use meaningless words”
6:7	yp3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μὴ βατταλογήσητε	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **repetitions**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “do not repeat yourself in useless ways”
6:7	z0v4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οἱ ἐθνικοί	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the Gentiles do”
6:7	y8dx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why **the Gentiles** make **repetitions** when they pray. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “which they do because”
6:7	a8ai		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	εἰσακουσθήσονται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be the gods to whom they are praying. Alternate translation: “their gods will hear them”
6:8	h0ll		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces a conclusion based on what Jesus implied in the previous verse. He implied that repeating words does not cause God to listen, and so (**Therefore**) his disciples should not act like the “Gentiles,” who repeats words when they pray. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of conclusion, or you could leave **Therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Since they are not heard because of their repetitions” or “Because they are wrong about that”
6:8	wdj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μὴ & ὁμοιωθῆτε αὐτοῖς	1	When Jesus says that his disciples should **not be like them**, he means that his disciples should not pray as they do. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “you should not pray in the ways that they pray”
6:8	isih		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why Jesus’ disciples should not repeat themselves as the Gentiles do. Jesus tells them that God already knows what they need, so they do not need to worry about being heard, as the Gentiles do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “since”
6:8	nv9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “to God, who is your Father,”
6:8	ijs6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πρὸ τοῦ ὑμᾶς αἰτῆσαι αὐτόν	1	Here Jesus implies that his disciples are asking God about the **need** that they have. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “before you ask him about that need”
6:9	m87a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces the conclusion to what Jesus has said about prayer in [6:5–8](../06/05.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word that introduces a conclusion, or you could leave **Therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “So then” or “In the end”
6:9	sxsy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Πάτερ ἡμῶν	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God, who is our Father”
6:9	l9ll		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	By **Our**, Jesus means himself and his disciples, so use the inclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
6:9	sc3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase in the heavens identifies the location in which God the **Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”
6:9	ffn0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we want your name to be made holy” or “we pray that your name is made holy”
6:9	knx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “let people treat your name as holy” or “let people regard your name as holy”
6:9	tqm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ ὄνομά σου	1	Here, the word **name** refers primarily to the person who has that name, and it focuses especially on who that person is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “you yourself” or “who you are”
6:9	syaa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σου	1	Since Jesus is praying to God the Father, the word **your** here is singular.
6:10	n67c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου, γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “we want your kingdom to come, we want your will to be done” or “we pray that your kingdom comes, we pray that your will is done”
6:10	v7mb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἐλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου	1	Here Jesus speaks as if God’s **kingdom** were a person who could **come**. He means that disciples should pray for God to establish or begin his **kingdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let your kingdom grow” or “Let your kingdom begin”
6:10	wrox		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σου	-1	Since Jesus is praying to God the Father, the word **your** here is singular.
6:10	pdc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “let all people do your will” or “let your will take place”
6:10	rtnz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸ θέλημά σου	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **will**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what you desire”
6:10	pv3w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς	1	Here Jesus implies that God’s **will** is always done **in heaven**, and believers should pray that this will also be true **on earth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “on earth, just as it already is done in heaven”
6:11	kevh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	δὸς ἡμῖν	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “We ask that you give us”
6:11	a40p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον	1	Here, the word **daily** means that the **bread** is the amount a person needs each day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this idea in another way. Alternate translation: “our bread for this day” or “the bread that we need today”
6:11	dft8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον	1	Jesus refers to **bread**, one common food, to mean food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what we eat daily”
6:12	a9na		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	ἄφες ἡμῖν	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “we ask that you forgive us”
6:12	yi9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν & τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν	1	A **debt** is what one person owes another person. A **debtor** is a person who owes a debt to another person. Jesus is not speaking primarily about money, however. He is referring to when people do not act properly or rightly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “sins … those who sin against us” or “the wrong things we have done … people who have wronged us”
6:12	c7m3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **debtors** who are in debt to the people praying this prayer. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “people in debt to us”
6:13	kj0v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν, ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ	1	These are imperatives, but they should be translated as polite requests rather than as commands. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” in each case to make this clear. Alternate translation: “we ask that you do not bring us into temptation, but that you deliver us from the evil one”
6:13	jswb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **temptation** were a location that someone could **bring** someone else into. He means that believers should pray that God would keep them out of situations where they might experience **temptation**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not allow us to experience” or “keep us away from”
6:13	l8u6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **temptation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “do not let anything tempt us” or “do not allow us to be tempted”
6:13	cdk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1	Here, the word **but** introduces a contrast with being brought **into temptation**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “instead,” or “rather,”
6:13	r6v6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ πονηροῦ	1	Here, the phrase **the evil one** could refer to: (1) the devil, or Satan. Alternate translation: “the devil” (2) evil in general. Alternate translation: “evil” or “what is evil”
6:13	zfsy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	τοῦ πονηροῦ	1	Many ancient manuscripts only include these two clauses in this verse. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts include as part of the prayer the following sentences after **the evil one**: “For yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
6:14	g4fa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of what Jesus said about forgiveness in [6:12](../06/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “You should pray in that way because” or “Indeed,”
6:14	xvfv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women”
6:14	z79a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὰ παραπτώματα αὐτῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **trespasses**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when they trespass”
6:14	v7ne		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ οὐράνιος	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God your heavenly Father”\n
6:15	lk8a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the men and women”
6:15	xh6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν	1	See how you translated the phrase **your Father** in the previous verse ([6:14](../06/14.md)). Alternate translation: “your Father, God,”
6:15	pi3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὰ παραπτώματα ὑμῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **trespasses**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you when you trespass”
6:16	g65p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next topic. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
6:16	hpz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ὡς οἱ ὑποκριταὶ	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “as the hypocrites are mournful”
6:16	xv6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀφανίζουσιν & τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν	1	This phrase could refer how the **hypocrites** would: (1) make **their faces** look unusual. This could refer to intentionally looking sad or tired, or it could refer to making their faces dirty. Alternate translation: “they make their faces look distressed” or “they make their faces dirty” (2) wear something to cover **their faces**. Alternate translation: “they cover their faces”
6:16	gtdz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	φανῶσιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις νηστεύοντες	1	Here Jesus implies not only that these people want to **be seen** but also that they want to be honored or praised. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they may be seen and honored as fasting” or “they may be seen and praised as fasting”
6:16	za06		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	φανῶσιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις νηστεύοντες	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “men may see them as fasting”
6:16	l5bh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “by men and women” or “by humans”
6:16	n3ez			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
6:16	ix6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπέχουσιν τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν	1	Here Jesus means that they have received their entire **reward** from **men**, and God will not reward them any further. See how you translated this clause in [6:2](../06/02.md). Alternate translation: “they have already received all the reward they will get” or “God will not give them any reward beyond that”
6:17	zou5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	σὺ δὲ	1	Here, the phrase **But you** introduces what Jesus wants each of his disciples to do in contrast to what the “hypocrites” do, which he described in the previous verse ([6:16](../06/16.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “As for you, however”
6:17	c20j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σὺ & σου & σου	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
6:17	k283		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄλειψαί σου τὴν κεφαλὴν καὶ τὸ πρόσωπόν σου νίψαι	1	Here, to **anoint** the **head** and to **wash** the **face** is to take normal care of one’s self. Doing this gives the appearance that you are living life as normal. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use similar phrases that refer to normal bodily care, or you could use a general statement. Alternate translation: “comb your hair and wash your face as you normally do” or “take care of yourself as you usually do”
6:18	urwm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	ὅπως	1	Here, the phrase **so that** introduces the purpose for which the disciples should anoint their heads and wash their faces ([6:17](../06/17.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “in order that”
6:18	gbty		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	μὴ φανῇς & σου & σου & σοι	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
6:18	s4kn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μὴ φανῇς τοῖς ἀνθρώποις νηστεύων	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “men may not see you as fasting”
6:18	trc6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ Πατρί σου τῷ ἐν τῷ κρυφαίῳ	1	Here, much as in [6:6](../06/06.md), the phrase **your Father in secret** could mean that: (1) the **Father** is present even when a person fasts **in secret**. Alternate translation: “by your Father who is with you in secret” (2) the **Father** himself is **in secret**, which means that no one can see or observe him. Alternate translation: “by your Father, whom no one can see” (3) the disciple should fast **in secret**. Alternate translation: “in secret by your Father”
6:18	m56a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῷ Πατρί σου & ὁ Πατήρ σου	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “by God, who is your Father, … God, who is your Father”
6:19	tqc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	σὴς	1	A **moth** is a small, flying insect that destroys cloth by eating it. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of insect, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “insects that eat your belongings” or “flies”
6:19	czl1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	σὴς	1	The word **moth** represents moths in general, not one particular **moth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you use a form that refers to moths in general. Alternate translation: “moths”
6:19	z9wd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	βρῶσις	1	Here, the word translated **rust** refers most generally to anything that destroys things by eating them or corroding them. The word could more specifically refer to: (1) how metals corrode. Alternate translation: “corrosion” (2) how insects, especially worms, eat cloth and food. Alternate translation: “worms” or “bugs”
6:19	mxsl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διορύσσουσιν	1	Here, the phrase **break in** refers to how **thieves** force their way into private buildings in order to **steal**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “break in to houses”
6:20	v5tn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	οὔτε σὴς οὔτε βρῶσις	1	See how you translated these words in [6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “neither flies nor corrosion”
6:20	lk51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐ διορύσσουσιν	1	See how you translated this phrase in [6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “do not break in to houses”
6:21	jdx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the disciples should store up treasure in heaven (see [6:20](../06/20.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “You should store up treasure in heaven because” or “I say that because”
6:21	aujv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	ὅπου & ἐστιν ὁ θησαυρός σου, ἐκεῖ ἔσται καὶ ἡ καρδία σου	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these two clauses. Alternate translation: “your heart will be where your treasure is”
6:21	nkqd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐκεῖ ἔσται καὶ ἡ καρδία σου	1	Here Jesus speaks as if a person’s **heart** could be somewhere besides in the person’s body. He means that the person’s **heart** will be focused on that place and what is in that place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “there will your heart be focused” or “there will your heart be directed”
6:21	b74q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἡ καρδία σου	1	In Matthew’s culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “your desires” or “your attention”\n
6:22	sbl1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ὁ λύχνος τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν ὁ ὀφθαλμός	1	Here Jesus describes **the eye** as if it were a **lamp**. Since Jesus develops this image in the following sentences, you should preserve the figure of speech or use simile form. The sentence could mean: (1) that **the eye** enables a person to see, just as a **lamp** enables a person to see. Alternate translation: “The eye is like a lamp for the body” or “Just as a lamp shines on things, so your eye sees those things” (2) that **the eye** receives light, which is like light from a **lamp**. Alternate translation: “The eye lets light from a lamp into the body” or “When a lamp sends out light, the eye receives that light into the body”
6:22	gck3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	ὁ λύχνος τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν ὁ ὀφθαλμός	1	The words **body** and **eye** represent bodies and eyes in general, not one particular **body** and **eye**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “The lamps of people’s bodies are their eyes”
6:22	g215		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σου & σου	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **your** is singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **your** in your translation.
6:22	b794		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	ᾖ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου	1	In this verse, the word **eye** is singular in form, but it refers to both of the person’s eyes as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “your eyes are”
6:22	m256		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἁπλοῦς	1	Here, the word **healthy** could mean that the **eye** is: (1) functioning properly. Alternate translation: “sound” or “working well” (2) focused on one thing. Alternate translation: “focused” or “attentive to one thing”
6:22	hvrq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου φωτεινὸν ἔσται	1	Here Jesus speaks as if the **whole body** were **illuminated**. Since this statement develops the idea of the **lamp**, you should preserve the figure of speech or use simile form. The clause could mean: (1) that the **whole body** experiences the benefits of the **eye** working properly. Alternate translation: “your whole body receives the benefits, as if the eye shone on the whole body” (2) that a **healthy** eye shows that the **whole body** is healthy. Alternate translation: “that shows that your whole body is healthy, as if it were illuminated by your eye”
6:22	fadj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	ἔσται	1	Here Jesus uses the future tense to indicate that the **body** being **illuminated** is the logical result of the **eye** being **healthy**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense would be natural in a general statement like this one. Alternate translation: “is”
6:22	piis		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	φωτεινὸν	1	Here, the phrase **illuminated** could mean that the **body**: (1) experiences **light**. Alternate translation: “full of light” (2) shines with **light**. Alternate translation: “shining with light”
6:23	idbj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σου & σου & σοὶ	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
6:23	gv1g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου & ᾖ	1	In this verse, the word **eye** is singular in form, but it refers to both of the person’s eyes as a group. See how you translated the similar phrase in [6:22](../06/22.md). Alternate translation: “your eyes are”
6:23	ld02		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πονηρὸς	1	Here, the word **evil** could mean that the **eye** is: (1) damaged or functioning improperly. Alternate translation: “unhealthy” or “working poorly” (2) focused on what is evil or selfish. Alternate translation: “wicked” or “attentive only to yourself”
6:23	dl86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου σκοτεινὸν ἔσται	1	Here Jesus speaks as if the **whole body** were **dark**. Since this statement continues to develop the idea of the lamp, you should preserve the figure of speech or use simile form. The clause could mean: (1) that the **whole body** is injured when the **eye** does not work properly. Alternate translation: “your whole body is injured, as if the eye were not shining on the whole body” (2) that an **evil** eye shows that the **whole body** is evil. Alternate translation: “that shows that your whole body is evil, as if it were dark”
6:23	hg9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	ἔσται	1	Here Jesus uses the future tense to indicate that the **body** being **dark** is the logical result of the **eye** being **evil**. See how you translated the similar form in [6:22](../06/22.md). Alternate translation: “is”
6:23	grpp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	σκοτεινὸν ἔσται	1	Here, the phrase **dark** could mean that the **body**: (1) experiences darkness. Alternate translation: “will be darkened” (2) does not shine at all. Alternate translation: “will not shine at all”
6:23	pi01		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	σκότος, ἐστίν τὸ σκότος πόσον!	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **darkness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is dark, how very dark it is”
6:23	nny6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces the conclusion to what Jesus has said about eyes and lamps. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a conclusion, or you could leave **Therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In conclusion” or “So then”
6:23	kvkm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	εἰ & τὸ φῶς τὸ ἐν σοὶ σκότος, ἐστίν τὸ σκότος πόσον	1	Here Jesus concludes the figure of speech that uses lamps and light, so you should preserve the figure of speech or use simile form. The sentence could mean: (1) that when the **eye** does not work properly, even the most healthy parts of the body are still negatively affected. Alternate translation: “if the parts least affected by unhealthy eyes are injured, how great is the injury” (2) that when the best things about a person (his or her **light**) are evil (**darkness**), then the worst things about that person are very evil. Alternate translation: “if what is best about you is evil, as if it were darkness, how evil are the worst things about you”
6:23	hzk7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ φῶς τὸ ἐν σοὶ σκότος, ἐστίν τὸ σκότος πόσον	1	Here Jesus means that what some people think of as **light** is actually **darkness**. In that case, what these people consider to be **darkness** is very **great** darkness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what you consider to be light is actually darkness, how dark is what you consider to be darkness” or “what you call light is darkness, how great the darkness itself”
6:23	crag		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	τὸ σκότος πόσον	1	This is an exclamation that is emphasizing that **the darkness** is very **great**. Use an exclamation that would communicate that meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “the darkness is very great”
6:24	z5ol		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δυσὶ κυρίοις	1	The implication is that a servant could not meet the competing demands of **two** different **masters** at the same time with equal loyalty. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “two different masters equally well at the same time”
6:24	ijn3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἢ γὰρ τὸν ἕνα μισήσει καὶ τὸν ἕτερον ἀγαπήσει, ἢ ἑνὸς ἀνθέξεται καὶ τοῦ ἑτέρου καταφρονήσει	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, or you could combine the two clauses into one. Alternate translation: “for he will hate and despise the one and will love and be devoted to the other” or “for he is certain to love and serve one of them much better than the other”
6:24	shfb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τὸν ἕνα & τὸν ἕτερον & ἑνὸς & τοῦ ἑτέρου	1	Jesus is using the adjectives **one** and **other** as nouns to refer to the two different masters. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these word with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “one master … the other master … one master … the other master”
6:24	n3v6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὐ δύνασθε	1	Here Jesus introduces the application of his general statement about **two masters**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an application. Alternate translation: “Similarly, you are not able”
6:24	zt2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	οὐ δύνασθε Θεῷ δουλεύειν καὶ μαμωνᾷ	1	Here, Jesus speaks of **wealth** as if it were a person whom someone could serve. He means that it is impossible to focus on serving God and also to focus on becoming wealthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You are not able to serve God and also focus on gaining wealth”
6:24	hjcn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μαμωνᾷ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wealth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “money” or “focus on becoming wealthy”
6:25	s5uy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	διὰ τοῦτο	1	Here, the phrase **Because of this** introduces a conclusion based on what Jesus said in the previous verse about how it is not possible to serve both God and wealth ([6:24](../06/24.md)). In this verse, Jesus says that this means that his disciples should not worry about even basic things required for living. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a conclusion or inference. Alternate translation: “So” or “Therefore,”
6:25	bcan			λέγω ὑμῖν, μὴ μεριμνᾶτε	1	Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to know that you should not worry”
6:25	pj1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ψυχῇ ὑμῶν & ἡ ψυχὴ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “about being alive … being alive”
6:25	nt96		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ ἡ ψυχὴ πλεῖόν ἐστι τῆς τροφῆς, καὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἐνδύματος?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show that **life** and **the body** are more important than **food** and **clothing**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Life is more than food, and the body, than clothing” or “Life is certainly more than food, and the body, than clothing!”
6:25	f8dy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐχὶ ἡ ψυχὴ πλεῖόν ἐστι τῆς τροφῆς, καὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἐνδύματος	1	Here Jesus is making comparisons about value or importance. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Is not life more valuable than food, and the body more valuable than clothing”
6:25	j412		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ ἐνδύματος	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and is not the body more than clothing”
6:25	ntit		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τὸ σῶμα	1	The word **body** represents bodies in general, not one particular **body**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “bodies”
6:26	uk0k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐμβλέψατε εἰς	1	Here, Jesus uses the phrase **Look at** to represent thinking about or considering something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Consider” or “Pay attention to”
6:26	jt75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **birds** that fly in **the sky**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the birds in the sky” or “the birds flying in the sky”
6:26	cn8q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἀποθήκας	1	The word **barns** refers to places where food is stored. If your readers would not be familiar with this term, you could use a more general one. Alternate translation: “places where food is stored”
6:26	a9w6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ οὐράνιος	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God your heavenly Father”\n
6:26	nbm5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐχ ὑμεῖς μᾶλλον διαφέρετε αὐτῶν?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show that **you** are more important than **them**, the birds. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You are more valuable than them.” or “You are certainly more valuable than them!”
6:26	iien		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	αὐτῶν	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “they are”
6:27	cm6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a development in what Jesus is saying. The word does not introduce a contrast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a development, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “Further,”
6:27	ivmg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίς & ἐξ ὑμῶν μεριμνῶν δύναται προσθεῖναι ἐπὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν αὐτοῦ πῆχυν ἕνα?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show that people cannot add to their **lifespan** by **being anxious**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “none of you, being anxious, is able to add one cubit to his lifespan.” or “not one you, being anxious, can ever add one cubit to his lifespan!”
6:27	wp73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	μεριμνῶν	1	Here, the phrase **being anxious** provides the means by which a person might try to **add one cubit** to his or her **lifespan**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this connection more explicit. Alternate translation: “by being anxious”
6:27	fr8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	δύναται προσθεῖναι ἐπὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν αὐτοῦ πῆχυν ἕνα?	1	Here Jesus is speaking of a person’s **lifespan** as if it were measured in length rather than in time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly Alternate translation: “is able to make his lifespan any longer” or “is able to add any time to his lifespan”
6:27	kub4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	πῆχυν ἕνα	1	A **cubit** is a measure of length equal to about half a meter or about a foot and a half. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this length using the measure that is customary your culture.
6:27	vkl0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτοῦ	1	Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her”
6:28	erj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	καὶ περὶ ἐνδύματος τί μεριμνᾶτε?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show his disciples that they should not be **anxious about clothing**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Further, you should not be anxious about clothing.” or “You should never be anxious about clothing!”
6:28	y06z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	καταμάθετε τὰ κρίνα τοῦ ἀγροῦ πῶς αὐξάνουσιν	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could rearrange the parts of this sentence. Alternate translation: “Consider how the lilies of the field grow”
6:28	t16l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὰ κρίνα	1	The word **lilies** describes beautiful flowers that grow wild in the fields. If your language does not have a word for this flower, you can use the name of a similar flower that your readers would recognize, or you can use a general term. Alternate translation: “the tulips” or “the blossoms”
6:28	blpq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὰ κρίνα τοῦ ἀγροῦ	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **lilies** that grow in **the field**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the lilies that you see in the field”
6:28	rz58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τοῦ ἀγροῦ	1	The word **field** represents fields in general, not one particular **field**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “of the fields”
6:28	him2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	οὐδὲ νήθουσιν	1	In this context, to **spin** means to make thread or yarn for cloth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the meaning with a phrase. Alternate translation: “nor do they make thread for cloth” or “nor do they make yarn for cloth”
6:29	dqe4			λέγω & ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you that not even Solomon”
6:29	u7fd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. If you use the following alternate translation, you may need to add a comma before **Solomon**. Alternate translation: “as glorious as he was,”
6:29	ytdw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the word **glory** refers to how rich and famous Solomon was, with a special emphasis on his rich and beautiful clothing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “with all his wealth and beautiful clothes” or “with all his wonderful possessions”
6:29	sqg8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὡς ἓν τούτων	1	Here Jesus means that even **Solomon** could not wear beautiful enough clothing to look as beautiful as **one** flower. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as beautifully as one of these flowers appears” or “in a way that was as glorious as one of these flowers”
6:30	d2dn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a development in what Jesus is saying. The word does not introduce a contrast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a development, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “Further,”
6:30	o3ka		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact	εἰ	1	Jesus speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but he means that it must be true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Jesus is saying is uncertain, then you can translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “since” or “given that”
6:30	f7th		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν χόρτον τοῦ ἀγροῦ & ὁ Θεὸς οὕτως ἀμφιέννυσιν	1	Here, the word **thus** refers back to what Jesus said in the previous verse about plants having more glory than Solomon ([6:29](../06/29.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “God clothes the grass of the field like that” or “God clothes the grass of the field more gloriously than Solomon”
6:30	xykl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸν χόρτον τοῦ ἀγροῦ & ἀμφιέννυσιν	1	Jesus speaks of God making the **grass** beautiful as if God were putting beautiful clothing on it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “makes the grass of the field beautiful”
6:30	syz0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸν χόρτον τοῦ ἀγροῦ	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **grass** that grows in **the field**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the grass that you see in the field”
6:30	uf36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	χόρτον	1	While Jesus uses a term that typically means **grass**, in this context he must implicitly mean wild plants in general, since he is referring back to the wild lilies he has just mentioned. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a general term for plants. Alternate translation: “plants” or “vegetation”
6:30	u3ta		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τοῦ ἀγροῦ	1	The word **field** represents fields in general, not one particular **field**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “of the fields”
6:30	uqjs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	σήμερον ὄντα, καὶ αὔριον εἰς κλίβανον βαλλόμενον	1	Here, the word **existing** introduces a clause that states something that is unexpected for things that God **clothes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces something that is unexpected. Alternate translation: “although it exists today and tomorrow is thrown into an oven” or “despite the fact that it exists today and tomorrow is thrown into an oven”
6:30	xavg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	σήμερον ὄντα, καὶ αὔριον εἰς κλίβανον βαλλόμενον	1	Here Jesus means that **grass** is growing **today**, but someone take it **tomorrow** and burn it. He speaks in this way to emphasize that **grass** often does not last for a long time and is not very valuable. He does not mean that this always happens to **grass**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates that grass only lasts for a short time and is not valuable. Alternate translation: “growing now but soon being thrown into an oven” or “existing at the moment but quickly being thrown into an oven”
6:30	m0kz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς κλίβανον βαλλόμενον	1	Here Jesus refers to how dried plant matter would be burned as fuel for heating and cooking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “being thrown into an oven as fuel” or “being burned in an oven”
6:30	m23l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	βαλλόμενον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “someone throwing it” or “people throwing it”
6:30	ym2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “will he not much more clothe you”
6:30	cd8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς, ὀλιγόπιστοι?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show his disciples that God will give them the clothes they need. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “he will much more clothe you, ones of little faith.” or “he will definitely clothe you, ones of little faith!”
6:31	axhh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	λέγοντες, τί φάγωμεν, ἤ, τί πίωμεν, ἤ, τί περιβαλώμεθα?	1	It may be more natural in your language to have indirect quotations here. Alternate translation: “asking what you might eat or what you might drink or what you might wear.”
6:31	g6ac		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	φάγωμεν & πίωμεν &περιβαλώμεθα	1	By **we**, Jesus means the disciples but not himself, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
6:32	q9rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of why the disciples should not be anxious. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a further explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “As you know,”
6:32	i0b9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐπιζητοῦσιν	1	Here, the word **seek** refers to focusing on and trying to obtain something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “focus on” or “try to obtain”
6:32	xa9t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πάντα & ταῦτα & τούτων ἁπάντων	1	Here, the phrases **all these things** and **all of these things** refer to food, drink, clothing, and other necessities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “food, drink, and clothing … food, drink, and clothing” or “all these necessities … all of these necessities”
6:32	rk7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	2	Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why the disciples should not be anxious about food, drink, or clothing. The word does not connect the clause to what Jesus just said about **the Gentiles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason for a previous command, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “you should not seek these things, because” or “but you should not be anxious about these things since”
6:32	unz1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ οὐράνιος	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God your heavenly Father”\n
6:33	w7ff		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with worrying about food, drink, and clothing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “Instead of worrying about those things,” or “In contrast to the Gentiles,”
6:33	rk4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ζητεῖτε & πρῶτον	1	Here, just as in [6:32](../06/32.md), the word **seek** refers to focusing on and trying to obtain something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “focus first on” or “try first to obtain”
6:33	nork		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πρῶτον	1	Here, the word **first** identifies seeking the kingdom as something that is most important. The word does not indicate sequence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as most important”
6:33	jmar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὴν δικαιοσύνην αὐτοῦ	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe what God considers to be **righteousness**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the righteousness that he requires”
6:33	ep2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν δικαιοσύνην αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what he says is right” or “seek to serve him rightly”
6:33	qifv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	καὶ	2	Here, the word **and** introduces the result of seeking first God’s kingdom and righteousness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “and then” or “and as a result”
6:33	ak39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ταῦτα πάντα προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will add all these things to you”
6:33	d3tp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ταῦτα πάντα	1	Here, just as in [6:32](../06/32.md), the phrase **all these things** refers to food, drink, clothing, and other necessities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “food, drink, and clothing” or “all these necessities”
6:33	px9u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν	1	Here Jesus uses the phrase **will be added** to indicate that God will give **all these things** to the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be set in front of you” or “will be given to you”
6:34	iaoa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces the conclusion to what Jesus has been telling his disciples about not being **anxious** in [6:25–33](../06/25.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a conclusion. Alternate translation: “So” or “In summary”\n
6:34	xdg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἡ & αὔριον μεριμνήσει ἑαυτῆς	1	Jesus speaks of **tomorrow** as if it were a person who could **be anxious**. He could mean: (1) that people should worry about what happens the next day only when that day arrives. Alternate translation: “you can be anxious about tomorrow when it arrives” (2) that worrying about **tomorrow** is as ridiculous as **tomorrow** being a person who can **be anxious**. Alternate translation: “that helps you as much as if tomorrow could be anxious about itself” or “tomorrow is not even here yet”
6:34	bqny		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀρκετὸν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἡ κακία αὐτῆς	1	Here Jesus means that much **evil** happens each day, so people should not add to their troubles by worrying about anything that might happen the next day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Each day has enough evil already without worrying about tomorrow” or “Evil already happens each day, so you should not add to it by worrying about tomorrow”
6:34	c490		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἡ κακία αὐτῆς	1	Here, the phrase **its evil** refers to any bad or difficult things that happen each day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “are the difficult things that happen that day” or “is the trouble that happens during it”
7:intro	bz7e				0	# Matthew 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n2. Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount (5:1-7:28)\n      * Making judgments (7:1–6)\n      * Asking and receiving (7:7–12)\n      * Narrow and wide gates (7:13–14)\n      * Obeying God is what matters (7:15–27)\n        * Fruits metaphor (7:15–20)\n        * Judgment day (7:21–23)\n        * House metaphor (7:24–27)\n      * The people are amazed (7:28–29)\n\nJesus spoke about many different subjects in this sermon, so you may wish to help the reader by putting an empty line into the text whenever Jesus changed the subject.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Judging\n\nIn [7:1–6](../07/01.md), Jesus warns his disciples about judging others. Most specifically, he warns them against mentioning or dealing with someone else’s fault or sin when they themselves have an even more significant fault or sin. Jesus does want his disciples to make choices and decisions about other people, as [7:6](../07/06.md) makes clear. That verse requires people to be careful what they do with holy and valuable things. However, the general message is to avoid making judgments about others, especially when one has one’s own faults and sins.\n\n### Words and deeds\n\nIn [7:15–27](../07/15.md), Jesus teaches about the importance of doing what is right, not just saying the right things. He says that his disciples can recognize false prophets by what they do, that he himself will honor and acknowledge his disciples based on what they do, and that only those who do what is right will survive difficult experiences.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The speck of wood and the log\n\nIn [7:3–5](../07/03.md), Jesus refers to small faults and sins as if they were specks of wood in people’s eyes. He refers to larger faults and sins as if they were logs in people’s eyes. Jesus speaks in this way to contrast how significant these sins and faults are. He also speaks in this way to indicate that larger sins and faults make people spiritually unobservant, just as a log in someone’s eye makes that person unable to see. If possible preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Dogs and pigs\n\nIn [7:6](../07/06.md), Jesus speaks of how his disciples should behave as if they were interacting with holy things, pearls, dogs, and pigs. He could be speaking of the gospel as the holy and pearls. In this case, the dogs and pigs represent people who reject the gospel. Or, Jesus could be speaking of his disciples’ possessions and skills as the holy and pearls. In this case, the dogs and pigs represent worthless tasks and goals. Or, Jesus could be speaking of fellow disciples as the holy and pearls. In this case, the dogs and pigs represent unbelievers. Since Jesus speaks these words as a saying or proverb, you should avoid choosing one option. Instead, you should express the idea in a way that allows for all these and other interpretations. If if it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a form that you would normally use for a proverb or saying. See the notes on this verse for translation options. (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Gates and roads\n\nIn [7:13–14](../07/13.md), Jesus speaks of how people live as if they were traveling on a road or passing through a gate. He says that the gate and road that lead to eternal life are narrow and difficult, and only a few people travel that way. On the other hand, the gate and road that lead to destruction are wide and easy, and many people travel that way. He means that it is very easy to live in ways that will end in destruction, and it is hard to live in ways that will end in eternal life. If possible preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Trees and fruits\n\nIn [7:16–20](../07/16.md), Jesus speaks of people as if they were plants. Just as you can tell what kind of plant it is by what fruit the plant produces, so you can tell whether people are really Jesus’ disciples based on what they do. If possible preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Building houses\n\nIn [7:24–27](../07/24.md), Jesus compares obedient people to wise people who build their homes on a solid foundation. When bad things happen, they will be safe and secure, just like those homes will be safe and secure through storms and floods. In contrast, Jesus compares disobedient people to foolish people who build their homes on an insecure foundation. When bad things happen, they will be destroyed, just like those homes will collapse when storms and floods come. If possible preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nIn this chapter, Jesus is talking to a large crowd of his followers. Throughout the chapter, Jesus switches between using “you” in the singular and “you” in the plural while he is talking to the same people. When he uses the singular, he is speaking about specific situations that each person in the crowd might experience. When he uses the plural, he is speaking generally to the crowd as a whole. You should assume that Jesus is using plural forms of “you” unless a note specifies that the forms are singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
7:1	xk6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μὴ κρίνετε	1	Here Jesus uses the word **judge** to refer to unofficial and improper judging. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this explicit. Alternate translation: “Do not harshly judge” or “Do not condemn”
7:1	l2c2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα	1	Here, the phrase **so that** introduces the goal for which the disciples refrain from judging. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a goal. Alternate translation: “in order that”
7:1	bk8y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μὴ κριθῆτε	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will not judge you”
7:2	tbi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of the command that Jesus gave in the previous verse ([7:1](../07/01.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “That is because”
7:2	ifm3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν ᾧ & κρίματι κρίνετε	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in the manner that you judge”
7:2	kj24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	κριθήσεσθε	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will judge you”
7:2	bq9z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	1	Here, the word **and** introduces a more general statement in proverb form. This general proverb provides further proof that people will be judged as they have judged others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a more general statement or proverb. Alternate translation: “just as some people say:” or “and more generally,”
7:2	wmxo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	ἐν ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε, μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν	1	Here, Jesus uses or invents a proverb in order to teach that people eventually experience for themselves how they have treated other people. Translate this proverb in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “what you give to others is what you will get in return” or “what you do to others will be done to you”
7:2	c006		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **measure**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in the manner that you measure”
7:2	wgh2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will measure it to you”
7:2	ry31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	μετρηθήσεται	1	Here, the word **it** refers to what **you measure** out to other people. Jesus is speaking in general about anything that people **measure**, so you should avoid making the phrase specific. Alternate translation: “the same thing will be measured” or “that very thing will be measured”
7:3	a3pp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next topic. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
7:3	em5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί & βλέπεις τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, τὴν δὲ ἐν τῷ σῷ ὀφθαλμῷ δοκὸν οὐ κατανοεῖς?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke his disciples for looking at a **speck of wood** in a fellow disciple’s eye while failing to notice **the log** in their own eyes. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “you should not look at the speck of wood in the eye of your brother when you do not notice log in your eye.” or “do not look at the speck of wood in the eye of your brother while at the same time not noticing the log in your eye!”
7:3	hzb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	βλέπεις & σου & τῷ σῷ ὀφθαλμῷ & οὐ κατανοεῖς	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
7:3	ctb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	βλέπεις τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, τὴν δὲ ἐν τῷ σῷ ὀφθαλμῷ δοκὸν οὐ κατανοεῖς	1	Here Jesus refers to small faults and mistakes as if they were a **speck of wood** in a person’s **eye**. He speaks of large faults and mistakes as if they were a **log** in a person’s **eye**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do you focus on your brother’s small fault, which is like a speck of wood in his eye, but you do not notice your own large fault, which is like a log in your eye” or “do you look at the small mistakes your brother makes, but you do not notice your own large mistakes”
7:3	hqnr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὸ κάρφος	1	A **speck of wood** is a tiny piece of wood or plant matter. If your readers would not be familiar with a **speck of wood**, you could use the name of something small that commonly falls into a person’s eyes, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the grain of sand” or “the tiny object”
7:3	d2qc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου	1	Jesus is using the term **brother** to mean a person who shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of your fellow disciple”
7:3	mo6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου	1	Although the term **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brother or sister” to indicate this.
7:3	xdcg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	τὴν & δοκὸν	1	A **log** could not literally go into a person’s **eye**. Jesus is using an extreme example to emphasize his point and make it memorable. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the largest object that could fall into a person’s eye. Alternate translation: “the large piece of wood”\n
7:3	q1z4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὴν & δοκὸν	1	A **log** is a long, large piece of wood. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of object, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “beam” or “plank” or “large object”
7:4	c1kz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἢ	1	Here, the word **Or** introduces a second question that provides another improper way to behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a similar situation or command, or you could leave **Or** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Again,” or “Even further,”
7:4	k58h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἢ πῶς ἐρεῖς τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου, ἄφες ἐκβάλω τὸ κάρφος ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ σου, καὶ ἰδοὺ, ἡ δοκὸς ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ σοῦ?	1	Jesus asks this question to challenge his disciples to pay attention to the **log** in their own **eye** before they pay attention to a **speck of wood** in another person’s **eye**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not say to your brother, ‘Let me take out the speck of wood from your eye,’ while behold, the log is in your eye.” or “Do not say to your brother, ‘Let me take out the speck of wood from your eye,’ while behold, the log is in your eye!”
7:4	kcgs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου	1	Jesus is using the term **brother** to mean a person who shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to your fellow disciple”
7:4	eaym		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου	1	Although the term **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brother or sister” to indicate this.
7:4	kc80		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σου, ἄφες & σου & σοῦ	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **your** is singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **your** in your translation.
7:4	d66b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ἄφες ἐκβάλω τὸ κάρφος ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ σου, καὶ ἰδοὺ, ἡ δοκὸς ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ σοῦ	1	Here Jesus continues to refer to small faults and mistakes as if they were a speck of wood in a person’s eye and to large faults and mistakes as if they were a log in a person’s eye. Express the idea as you did in [7:3](../07/03.md). Alternate translation: “‘Let me assist you in getting rid of your small fault, which is like a speck of wood in your eye,’ while behold, you have your own large fault, which is like a log in your eye” or “‘Let me assist you in avoiding the small mistakes you make,’ while behold, you have your own large mistakes”
7:4	iwgf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὸ κάρφος	1	Translate the phrase **speck of wood** as you did in [7:3](../07/03.md). Alternate translation: “the grain of sand” or “the tiny object”
7:4	uyno		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express behold with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “see”
7:4	rark		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	ἡ δοκὸς	1	A **log** could not literally go into a person’s **eye**. Jesus is using an extreme example to emphasize his point and make it memorable. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the largest object that could fall into a person’s eye. Alternate translation: “the large piece of wood”
7:4	odbi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἡ δοκὸς	1	Translate the word **log** as you did in [7:3](../07/03.md). Alternate translation: “beam” or “plank” or “large object”
7:5	kwqu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	ὑποκριτά & ἔκβαλε & σοῦ & διαβλέψεις & σου	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
7:5	psgh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ἔκβαλε πρῶτον ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ σοῦ τὴν δοκόν, καὶ τότε διαβλέψεις ἐκβαλεῖν τὸ κάρφος ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου	1	Here Jesus continues to refer to small faults and mistakes as if they were a **speck of wood** in a person’s eye and to large faults and mistakes as if they were a **log** in a person’s eye. Express the idea as you did in [7:3–4](../07/03.md). In this verse, Jesus also adds the idea of being able to **see clearly**, which indicates that a person is spiritually mature and knowledgeable. Alternate translation: “First get rid of your own large fault, which is like a log in your eye, and then you will know how to assist your brother in getting rid of his small fault, which is a like a speck of wood in his eye” or “First get rid of your own large mistakes, and then you will know how to properly assist your brother in avoiding his small mistakes”
7:5	cg35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	τὴν δοκόν	1	A **log** could not literally go into a person’s **eye**. Jesus is using an extreme example to emphasize his point and make it memorable. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the largest object that could fall into a person’s eye. Alternate translation: “the large piece of wood”
7:5	wtbk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὴν δοκόν	1	Translate the word **log** as you did in [7:3](../07/03.md). Alternate translation: “beam” or “plank” or “large object”
7:5	js25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὸ κάρφος	1	Translate the phrase **speck of wood** as you did in [7:3](../07/03.md). Alternate translation: “the grain of sand” or “the tiny object”
7:5	cb9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου	1	Jesus is using the term **brother** to mean a person who shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of your fellow disciple”
7:5	jydm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου	1	Although the term **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brother or sister” to indicate this.
7:6	tqpw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς κυσίν, μηδὲ βάλητε τοὺς μαργαρίτας ὑμῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν χοίρων, μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν αὐτοὺς ἐν τοῖς ποσὶν αὐτῶν, καὶ στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς.	1	It is likely that Jesus speaks about **dogs** in the first and last clauses in this verse and about **pigs** in the middle two clauses. This was a poetic form in his culture. If your readers would not recognize this as poetry and misunderstand which animals Jesus is speaking about in the last two clauses, you could rearrange the clauses. Alternate translation: “You should not give the holy to the dogs. Otherwise, having turned, they will tear you to pieces. Nor should you throw your pearls in front of the pigs. Otherwise they will trample them under their feet”
7:6	wohg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς κυσίν, μηδὲ βάλητε τοὺς μαργαρίτας ὑμῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν χοίρων, μήποτε καταπατήσουσιν αὐτοὺς ἐν τοῖς ποσὶν αὐτῶν, καὶ στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς	1	Here Jesus speaks of how his disciples should behave as if they were interacting with **dogs**, **pearls**, and **pigs**. See the chapter introduction for some possible interpretations of this figure of speech. You should express the idea in a way that allows for many interpretations. If it is necessary for you to indicate that Jesus is using a figure of speech here, you could introduce the verse with a form that usually introduces a saying or proverb. Alternate translation: “Think about what this means for your life: You should neither give the holy to the dogs, nor should you throw your pearls in front of the pigs. Otherwise they will trample them under their feet, and having turned, tear you to pieces”\n
7:6	id6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τὸ ἅγιον	1	Jesus is using the adjective **holy** as a noun to mean anything that is **holy**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “holy things”
7:6	gkn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τοῖς κυσίν	1	A **dog** is an animal that is considered to be unclean and disgusting by Jews and many cultures of the Ancient Near East. It would be very improper to give **the holy** to this kind of animal. If dogs are unfamiliar to your culture and you have a different animal that is considered unclean and disgusting, you could use the name of this animal instead.
7:6	xy2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τοὺς μαργαρίτας	1	The word **pearls** refers to beautiful and valuable mineral balls that people use as jewelry. If your readers would not be familiar with **pearls**, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “jewelry” or “valuable beads”
7:6	desz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	καταπατήσουσιν αὐτοὺς ἐν τοῖς ποσὶν αὐτῶν, καὶ στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς	1	Here, the phrases **they will trample** and **they will tear** could refer to: (1) how the pigs **trample** and the dogs **tear**. Alternate translation: “the pigs will trample them under their feet, and having turned, the dogs will tear you to pieces” (2) how the pigs and the gods will together **trample** and **tear**. Alternate translation: “the pigs and dogs together will trample them under their feet, and having turned, they will tear you to pieces”
7:6	kpge		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοὺς	1	Here, the word **them** refers to the pearls. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer directly to pearls. Alternate translation: “the pearls”\n
7:6	atg0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	στραφέντες	1	Here, the phrase **having turned** indicates that the animals will stop paying attention to the holy things and pearls and start focusing on **you**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “turning to face you” or “focusing on you instead”
7:7	ut6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αἰτεῖτε καὶ δοθήσεται ὑμῖν; ζητεῖτε καὶ εὑρήσετε	1	You may need to say what a person would be asking for and seeking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use general expressions that refer to anything good that a person might want or need. Alternate translation: “ask for a good thing, and it will be given to you; seek a good thing, and you will find it”
7:7	tv49		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δοθήσεται ὑμῖν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will give it to you”
7:7	rt8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κρούετε	1	To **knock** means to hit a door a few times to let a person inside the house know you are standing outside. You could translate this expression with the way people in your culture show that they have arrived at a house. Alternate translation: “call out” or “cough” or “clap”
7:7	zu03		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κρούετε καὶ ἀνοιγήσεται ὑμῖν	1	Here Jesus speaks of praying as if it were knocking on a door, and he speaks of God answering the prayer as if it were the door being opened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “ask for permission, and permission will be given to you” or “pray, and God will answer your prayer”
7:7	yz3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀνοιγήσεται ὑμῖν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will open it to you”
7:8	ykrj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces some reasons why the disciples should do what Jesus commanded in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Do those things since” or “That is because”
7:8	yva3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πᾶς & ὁ αἰτῶν λαμβάνει, καὶ ὁ ζητῶν εὑρίσκει	1	You may need to say what a person would be asking for and seeking. If so, express the idea as you did in [7:7](../07/07.md). Alternate translation: “everyone asking for a good thing receives it; and the one seeking a good thing finds it”
7:8	uvcu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τῷ κρούοντι	1	Express the idea of **knocking** as you did in [7:7](../07/07.md). Alternate translation: “to the one calling out” or “to the one coughing” or “to the one clapping”
7:8	vcdb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῷ κρούοντι ἀνοιγήσεται	1	Here Jesus continues to speak of praying as if it were knocking on a door and of God answering the prayer as if it were the door being opened. Express the idea as you did in [7:7](../07/07.md). Alternate translation: “to the one asking for permission, permission will be given” or “to the one praying, it will be answered”
7:8	ohhx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀνοιγήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will open it”
7:9	et6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἢ	1	Here, the word **Or** introduces a contrasting alternative to what Jesus has said about how people who ask will receive. Jesus then uses the question form to show that this alternate is wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a false alternative, or you could leave **Or** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “As a matter of fact,”
7:9	p1if			ἢ τίς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνθρωπος, ὃν αἰτήσει ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἄρτον, μὴ λίθον ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ	1	Alternate translation: “Or what man is there from among you who will give his son a stone when he asks for bread”
7:9	mq14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἢ τίς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνθρωπος, ὃν αἰτήσει ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἄρτον, μὴ λίθον ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ?	1	Jesus uses a question to show how parents do not give bad things to their children. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “There is not a man from among you, of whom his son will ask for bread, and he will give him a stone.” or “No man among you, of whom his son will ask for bread, will give him a stone!”
7:9	fscs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ἢ τίς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνθρωπος, ὃν αἰτήσει ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἄρτον, μὴ λίθον ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ?	1	Here Jesus uses an imaginary situation to help explain how parents give good things, not bad things, to their children. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Or imagine a man from among you. When his son asks him for bread, he will not give a stone, will he”
7:9	n5s1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τίς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνθρωπος, ὃν αἰτήσει ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἄρτον, μὴ λίθον ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ	1	Although Jesus uses the example of a **man** and **his son**, he does not mean that this example applies only to fathers and sons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that includes all parents and children. Alternate translation: “what parents are there from among you, of whom their child will ask for bread—they will not give their child a stone, will they”
7:10	z9xu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἢ	1	Here, the word **Or** introduces another similar example. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces another example, or you could leave **Or** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Again,”
7:10	y9q5			ἢ καὶ ἰχθὺν αἰτήσει, μὴ ὄφιν ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ?	1	Alternate translation: “Or he will not give him a snake when he asks for a fish, will he”
7:10	t19o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἢ καὶ ἰχθὺν αἰτήσει, μὴ ὄφιν ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ?	1	Jesus asks another question to teach the people about how God gives gifts. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “And there is not one person among you, if his son asks for a fish, will give him a snake.”
7:10	kgak		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ἢ καὶ ἰχθὺν αἰτήσει, μὴ ὄφιν ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ	1	Here Jesus uses an imaginary situation to help explain how parents give good things, not bad things, to their children. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Or imagine that same man again. When his son asks him for a fish, he will not give him a snake, will he”
7:10	mf6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	καὶ ἰχθὺν αἰτήσει, μὴ ὄφιν ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ	1	Although Jesus continues to use the example of a father and his son, he does not mean that this example applies only to fathers and sons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that includes all parents and children. Alternate translation: “the child will also ask for a fish—the parents will not give the child a snake, will they”
7:10	tz8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὄφιν	1	In this culture, people did not eat snakes. So Jesus is saying that a father would not give a son something the son could not eat if the son asked for something that he could eat. If people do eat snakes in your culture, you could use the name of something that they do not eat, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “something he cannot eat”
7:11	n1vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact	εἰ	1	Jesus speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but he means that it is true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Jesus is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “since”
7:11	n98d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	πονηροὶ ὄντες	1	Here, the phrase **being evil** states something that is unexpected for people who **know how to give good gifts**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces something that is unexpected. Alternate translation: “although you are evil” or “despite being evil”
7:11	pk31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς δώσει ἀγαθὰ τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν αὐτόν?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show that God will definitely give **good things** to people who ask for them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “your Father in the heavens will much more give good to the ones asking him.” or “much more will your Father in the heavens give good things to the ones asking him!”
7:11	z8zr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ Πατὴρ ὑμῶν	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “your Father, God,”\n
7:11	t3p4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase in the heavens identifies the location in which God the Father is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”\n
7:12	wybf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces a conclusion to what Jesus has said in [5:15–7:11](../05/15.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of conclusion, or you could leave **Therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In summary” or “So”
7:12	wwz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	πάντα & ὅσα ἐὰν θέλητε ἵνα ποιῶσιν ὑμῖν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, οὕτως καὶ ὑμεῖς ποιεῖτε αὐτοῖς	1	In some languages it might be more natural to reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “you should do to men all things in the way that you desire them to do to you”
7:12	g8c7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	οἱ ἄνθρωποι	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “people” or “men and women”
7:12	cywd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason for the command that Jesus has just given. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “since” or “which you should do because”
7:12	y4f6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὗτος & ἐστιν ὁ νόμος καὶ οἱ προφῆται	1	Here, the clause **this is the Law and the Prophets** means that Jesus’ command summarizes what **the Law and the Prophets** require. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “this is what the Law and Prophets require” or “this is a summary of the Law and the Prophets”
7:12	wivn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	ὁ νόμος καὶ οἱ προφῆται	1	The word **Law** is the name for one part of the Hebrew Scriptures, and the word **Prophets** is the name for another part of the Hebrew Scriptures. Show this in your translation in the way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all the Scriptures, both the Law and the Prophets”
7:12	b1x2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	οἱ προφῆται	1	Here, the word **Prophets** represents what the prophets said and wrote. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the writings of the prophets”
7:13-14	f47a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge	εἰσέλθατε διὰ τῆς στενῆς πύλης; ὅτι πλατεῖα ἡ πύλη καὶ εὐρύχωρος ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν, καὶ πολλοί εἰσιν οἱ εἰσερχόμενοι δι’ αὐτῆς; & ὅτι στενὴ ἡ πύλη καὶ τεθλιμμένη ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ζωήν, καὶ ὀλίγοι εἰσὶν οἱ εὑρίσκοντες αὐτήν.	1	If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [7:13](../07/13.md) and [7:14](../07/14.md) into a verse bridge, as UST does, in order to keep the information about the **narrow gate** together. Alternate translation: “Enter through the narrow gate. For the gate {is} narrow and the way has been made narrow that is leading to life, and there are few finding it. But wide {is} the gate and broad {is} the road that is leading to destruction, and there are many entering through it”
7:13	dgr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	εἰσέλθατε διὰ τῆς στενῆς πύλης; ὅτι πλατεῖα ἡ πύλη καὶ εὐρύχωρος ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν, καὶ πολλοί εἰσιν οἱ εἰσερχόμενοι δι’ αὐτῆς	1	Here Jesus speaks of how people live as if they were walking on a **road** and of what happens when they die as if it were entering through a **gate**. When a **gate** is **narrow**, that means that it is difficult to go through and that not many people go through it. When a **gate** is **wide** and a **road** is **broad**, that means that they are easy to travel on or go through and that many people travel on or through them. Since these are important images that Jesus uses in the following verse as well, you should preserve the figure of speech or express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “You should live like a traveler who enters through a narrow gate. Many people live like travelers who enter through a wide gate and travel on a broad road, but this path leads to destruction”
7:13	g4be		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὅτι	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why people should enter through the **narrow gate**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because”
7:13	zv24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **destruction**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to being destroyed” or “to God destroying you”
7:13	mulg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πολλοί	1	Jesus is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “many travelers”
7:14	aj95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	ὅτι στενὴ ἡ πύλη καὶ τεθλιμμένη ἡ ὁδὸς	1	Many ancient manuscripts read **For the gate is narrow and the road has been made narrow**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “How narrow is the gate and having been made narrow the road.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
7:14	mvfv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὅτι	1	Here, the word **For** introduces another reason why people should enter through the narrow **gate**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Enter through the narrow gate because”
7:14	krug		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	στενὴ ἡ πύλη καὶ τεθλιμμένη ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ζωήν, καὶ ὀλίγοι εἰσὶν οἱ εὑρίσκοντες αὐτήν	1	Here Jesus continues to speak of how people live as if they were walking on a **way** and of what happens when they die as if it were entering through a **gate**. When a **gate** is **narrow** and **way** has been made **narrow**, that means that they are difficult to go through and that not many people go through them. Express the idea as you did in [7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “only a few people live like travelers who find the narrow gate and travel on the road that has been made narrow, and this road leads to life”
7:14	jish		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τεθλιμμένη ἡ ὁδὸς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “the road is narrow” or “God has made the road narrow”
7:14	byw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν ζωήν	1	Here Jesus implies that **life** is eternal or undying life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “true life” or “eternal life”
7:14	wlr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰς τὴν ζωήν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to being able to live”
7:14	gdji		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ὀλίγοι	1	Jesus is using the adjective **few** as a noun to mean few people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “few travelers”
7:14	opn7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτήν	1	Here, the word **it** could refer to: (1) both the **gate** and the **road**. Alternate translation: “them” (2) just the **road**. Alternate translation: “this road” (3) just the **gate**. Alternate translation: “this gate”
7:15	lj5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἵτινες ἔρχονται πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων, ἔσωθεν δέ εἰσιν λύκοι ἅρπαγες	1	Here Jesus speaks of God’s people as if they were **sheep**. By the **false prophets** wearing **sheep’s clothing**, he means that the **false prophets** pretend to be part of God’s people. However, Jesus says that **inwardly** they are **ravenous wolves**. He means that they hurt and take advantage of God’s people, which is acting just like **wolves** that eat **sheep**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who pretend to be part of your group, as if they were dressed in sheep’s clothing. However, inwardly they want to harm you, as if they were ravenous wolves”
7:15	bwag		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων	1	Here, the phrase **sheep’s clothing** refers to disguising oneself to look like a sheep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “disguising themselves as sheep” or “pretending to be sheep”
7:15	t21q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λύκοι ἅρπαγες	1	When **wolves** are **ravenous**, they want to capture and eat other animals, such as **sheep**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “hungry wolves” or “wolves on the hunt”
7:16	pul5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς. μήτι συλλέγουσιν ἀπὸ ἀκανθῶν σταφυλὰς, ἢ ἀπὸ τριβόλων σῦκα?	1	Here Jesus speaks of people as if they were plants that produced **fruits**. Just as thorny plants do not produce **fruits**, so evil people who do not trust God do not do what is right. Jesus uses this metaphor for several verses, so you should preserve the figure of speech or use simile form. Alternate translation: “You will know who people are by what they do, just as you know what plants are by their fruits. They do not gather grapes from a thornbush or figs from thistles, do they? Similarly, evil people do not do what is right, do they”
7:16	jvxv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς	1	The pronouns **their** and **them** refer to any people, but particularly people like the “false prophets” Jesus mentioned in the previous verse. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer directly to the false prophets or to any people who claim to be believers. Alternate translation: “You will recognize the false prophets by their fruits” or “You will recognize anyone who claims to believe by his or her fruits”
7:16	nve4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	μήτι συλλέγουσιν ἀπὸ ἀκανθῶν σταφυλὰς, ἢ ἀπὸ τριβόλων σῦκα?	1	Jesus is using the question form to to show that **grapes** do not come from **a thornbush** and **figs** do not come from **thistles**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “They do not gather grapes from a thornbush or figs from thistles.” or “No one gathers grapes from a thornbush or figs from thistles!”
7:16	gy7s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	μήτι συλλέγουσιν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to people in general. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use a form that refers to any person or group of people. Alternate translation: “People do not gather … do they”
7:16	d7ac		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἀπὸ ἀκανθῶν σταφυλὰς, ἢ ἀπὸ τριβόλων σῦκα	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine the two phrases. Alternate translation: “grapes or figs from thorny plants” or “fruits from scrub plants”
7:16	vqnd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τριβόλων	1	Here, the word **thistles** refers generally to plants that have points or spikes on their stems or leaves. These plants do not produce fruit. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of plant, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “spiky plants”
7:17	f5l3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	οὕτως πᾶν δένδρον ἀγαθὸν καρποὺς καλοὺς ποιεῖ; τὸ δὲ σαπρὸν δένδρον καρποὺς πονηροὺς ποιεῖ	1	Here Jesus continues to speak of people as if they were plants that produced **fruits**. Just as a **good tree** produces **good fruits**, so people who follow God do what is right. Just as a **roten tree** produces **rotten fruits**, so people who do not follow God do what is wrong. Jesus uses this metaphor for several verses, so you should preserve the figure of speech or use simile form. Alternate translation: “In the same way, every good tree produces good fruits, but the rotten tree produces bad fruits. Similarly, believers do what is right, but unbelievers do what is wrong”
7:17	vy6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τὸ & σαπρὸν δένδρον & ποιεῖ	1	The phrase **the rotten tree** represents rotten trees in general, not one particular rotten tree. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “rotten trees produce”
7:18	gey5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	οὐ δύναται δένδρον ἀγαθὸν καρποὺς πονηροὺς ποιεῖν, οὐδὲ δένδρον σαπρὸν καρποὺς καλοὺς ποιεῖν	1	Here Jesus continues to speak of people as if they were plants that produced **fruits**. Express the idea as you did in the previous verse [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “A good tree is not able to produce bad fruits, nor a rotten tree to produce good fruits. Similarly, believers do not do what is wrong, and unbelievers do not do what is right”
7:18	x849		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὐδὲ δένδρον σαπρὸν	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “nor is a rotten tree able”
7:19	xwrm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	πᾶν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται	1	Here Jesus continues to speak of people as if they were plants that produced **fruit**. Express the idea as you did in the previous verses [7:17–18](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “Every tree not producing good fruit is cut down and thrown into a fire. Similarly, every person who does not do what is right is judged and punished”
7:19	g7fs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πᾶν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “They cut down every tree not producing good fruit and throw it into a fire”
7:19	a5u1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	καρπὸν καλὸν	1	In this verse, the word **fruit** is singular in form, but it refers to many fruits as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “good fruits”
7:20	pb7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἄρα γε	1	Here, the phrase **So then** introduces the conclusion to what Jesus has been saying about trees, plants, and fruit. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a conclusion. Alternate translation: “In conclusion” or “As you can see”
7:20	x87m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς	1	Here Jesus continues to speak about about people as if they were plants that produced **fruits**. In this verse, Jesus repeats the general principle he stated in [7:16](../07/16.md), so you should express the idea as you did there. Alternate translation: “you will know who people are by what they do, just as you know what plants are by their fruits”
7:20	yaho		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς	1	The pronouns **their** and **them** refer to any people, but particularly people like the “false prophets” Jesus mentioned in [7:15](../07/15.md). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer directly to the false prophets or to any people who claim to be believers. Alternate translation: “you will recognize the false prophets by their fruits” or “you will recognize anyone who claims to believe by his or her fruits”
7:21	dkh7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication	μοι, Κύριε, Κύριε	1	Here Jesus could quote these people repeating the word **Lord** in order to: (1) express the urgency or earnestness of the address. Alternate translation: “to me, ‘My Lord!’” (2) show that this address happens often. Alternate translation: “to me repeatedly, ‘Lord’”
7:21	qq3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀλλ’ ὁ ποιῶν	1	Here Jesus means that the only people who **enter into the kingdom of the heavens** are those who do God’s will. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “but only the one doing”
7:21	wzoi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	ὁ ποιῶν	1	The the phrase **the one doing** represents anyone who does these things in general, not one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “those who do”
7:21	fgdo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **will**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what my Father in the heavens desires”
7:21	c6yz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	**Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus.
7:21	l1te		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God the **Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”\n
7:21	m4ny		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “in the heavens will enter into the kingdom of the heavens”
7:22	t095		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πολλοὶ	1	Jesus is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “many men and women”
7:22	mp6e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ	1	Here, the phrase **that day** refers to how God will judge everyone at the end of this time period. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “on the judgment day” or “when God is judging everyone”
7:22	makk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication	τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, Κύριε, Κύριε	1	Here Jesus again quotes these people repeating the word **Lord**. Express the idea as you did in [7:21](../07/21.md). Alternate translation: “day, ‘My Lord!’” or “day repeatedly, ‘Lord’”
7:22	m9py		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι ἐπροφητεύσαμεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δαιμόνια ἐξεβάλομεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δυνάμεις πολλὰς ἐποιήσαμεν?	1	The people speaking are using the question form to to show that they did many good things for Jesus. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “we prophesied in your name, and in your name cast out demons, and in your name did many mighty deeds.” or “we prophesied in your name, and we cast out demons in your name, and we did many mighty deeds in your name!”
7:22	hg17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι & τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι & τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι	1	Here, the word **name** refers primarily to the person who has that name, and it focuses especially on that person’s authority. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “by your authority … by your authority … by your authority”
7:22	losr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σῷ	-1	Since the speakers are talking to Jesus, the word **your** in this verse is singular.
7:23	d4y5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς	1	Here Jesus speaks of his disciples as those whom he knows. When he says **I never knew you**, he means that the person addressed was never one of his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You have never been my disciples”
7:23	zdo4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν	1	Here Jesus directly addresses those to whom he is speaking as **ones practicing lawlessness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the direct address more explicit. Alternate translation: “you who practice lawlessness”
7:23	fvm3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν ἀνομίαν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **lawlessness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is lawless”
7:24	jopr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces a conclusion that is based on what Jesus has said in [7:21–23](../07/21.md) and perhaps also what he said in [7:15–20](../07/15.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of conclusion, or you could leave **Therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Because of all that” or “So then”
7:24	f0yd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μου τοὺς λόγους τούτους	1	Here, the phrase **these words of mine** could refer to: (1) what Jesus has said in this section of Matthew, which began in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “the words I have been speaking” (2) what Jesus teaches in general. Alternate translation: “the words I speak”
7:24	qjh9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὁμοιωθήσεται ἀνδρὶ φρονίμῳ, ὅστις ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτοῦ τὴν οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν	1	Jesus compares those who do what he has said to a person who builds **his house** on **the rock**, where it is secure and not easily knocked down. He means that people who do what he has said can be as confident about how God will judge them as the **wise man** is confident about the security of his **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this idea more explicitly. Alternate translation: “will be as sure about God’s favor as a wise man is sure that his house, which he built upon the rock, is secure”
7:24	iv10		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	ὁμοιωθήσεται	1	Here Jesus uses the future tense to speak about something that is generally true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense is most naturally for expressing a general truth. Alternate translation: “is compared to”
7:24	qw6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁμοιωθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the comparing, it is clear from the context that it is Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “I will compare to” or “is comparable to”
7:24	b8hl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἀνδρὶ φρονίμῳ & αὐτοῦ	1	Although the terms **man** and **his** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a wise person … his or her”
7:24	dy1f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πέτραν	1	Here, the word **rock** means the bedrock below the topsoil and clay, not a large stone or boulder above the ground. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this idea more explicitly. Alternate translation: “bedrock” or “solid ground”
7:25	p99w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προσέπεσαν τῇ οἰκίᾳ ἐκείνῃ	1	Here the **winds** strike **against that house** by blowing hard and stressing the **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “stressed that house” or “strained the house”
7:25	bv81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τεθεμελίωτο	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the wise man. Alternate translation: “the wise man had founded it”
7:25	cr01		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν πέτραν	1	Express the idea as you did in [7:25](../07/25.md). Alternate translation: “bedrock” or “solid ground”
7:26	kisb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μου τοὺς λόγους τούτους	1	Here, just as in [7:24](../07/24.md), the phrase **these words of mine** could refer to: (1) what Jesus has said in this section of Matthew, which began in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “the words I have been speaking” (2) what Jesus teaches in general. Alternate translation: “the words I speak”
7:26	nw97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὁμοιωθήσεται ἀνδρὶ μωρῷ, ὅστις ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτοῦ τὴν οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν ἄμμον	1	Jesus compares those who do not do what he has said to a person who builds **his house** on **upon the sand**, where it is not secure and easily knocked down. He means that people who do not do what he has said cannot be confident about how God will judge them, just as the **foolish man** cannot be confident about the security of his **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this idea more explicitly. Alternate translation: “will be as unsure about God’s favor as a foolish man is unsure that his house, which he built upon the sand, is secure”
7:26	ljg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	ὁμοιωθήσεται	1	Here, just as in [7:24](../07/24.md), Jesus uses the future tense to speak about something that is generally true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense is most naturally for expressing a general truth. Alternate translation: “is compared to”
7:26	o85y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁμοιωθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the comparing, it is clear from the context that it is Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “I will compare to” or “is comparable to”
7:26	ieyg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἀνδρὶ μωρῷ & αὐτοῦ	1	Although the terms **man** and **his** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a foolish person … his or her”
7:26	fzhc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἐπὶ τὴν ἄμμον	1	The word **sand** refers to very small pieces of rock that collect together, often on the edge of a body of water or in a desert. The **sand** constantly moves and shifts, and it is not a solid foundation on which to place anything. If your readers would not be familiar with **sand**, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “upon mud” or “upon what is not solid”
7:27	tkt0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προσέκοψαν τῇ οἰκίᾳ ἐκείνῃ	1	Express the idea as you did in [7:25](../07/25.md). Alternate translation: “stressed that house” or “strained the house”
7:27	k4hi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἦν ἡ πτῶσις αὐτῆς μεγάλη	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **destruction**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “it was totally destroyed”
7:28	jrh7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory	καὶ ἐγένετο, ὅτε ἐτέλεσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τοὺς λόγους τούτους, ἐξεπλήσσοντο οἱ ὄχλοι ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ	1	This sentence marks the end of Jesus’ sermon by describing how the people in the crowds reacted to Jesus’ teaching. Use the natural form in your language for expressing the conclusion of a story. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus finished speaking these words. The crowds were astonished at his teaching”
7:28	fo8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **teaching**, you could express the same idea in another way. Matthew could be focusing primarily on: (1) the way in which Jesus taught. Alternate translation: “at how he taught” (2) what Jesus taught. Alternate translation: “at what he taught”
7:29	gnyw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **for** introduces the reason why “the crowds were astonished by his teaching” ([7:28](../07/28.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “since”
7:29	qpp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐξουσίαν ἔχων	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “one having been authorized”
7:29	bzur		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὐχ ὡς οἱ γραμματεῖς αὐτῶν	1	Matthew is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “not as their scribes taught them”
8:intro	f33a				0	# Matthew 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n3. Jesus illustrates the kingdom of God through acts of healing (8:1–9:34)\n      * Healing a leper (8:1–4)\n      * Healing the centurion’s servant (8:5–13)\n      * Healing Peter’s mother-in-law and many others (8:14–17)\n      * The cost of following Jesus (8:18–22)\n      * Calming the storm (8:23–27)\n      * Casting demons out of two men (8:28–34)\n\n## Important Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Healings\n\nIn this chapter, Matthew narrates how Jesus heals a leper, the paralyzed servant of a centurion, Peter’s mother who had a fever, and many other people who were sick. In every case where Matthew describes what happened, Jesus speaks words, or he touches the sick person, or he does both. These stories show how powerful Jesus is. He does not need to use medicine or magic to heal people. Instead, he can just command the sickness to go away or simply touch the person.\n\n### Casting out demons\n\nMatthew clearly distinguishes sick people from people who are controlled by demons. Demons are evil spiritual beings who can control people. They usually use these people to hurt themselves or others. Matthew briefly mentions that Jesus drives demons out of people in [8:16](../08/16.md). At the end of the chapter, he includes a longer story about how Jesus drives demons out of two men ([8:28–34](../08/28.md)). The demons use the two men to speak, but they say what the demons want them to say. The demons know that Jesus is the Son of God, and they plead with Jesus not to punish them too much. Jesus agrees to do what they ask, but he is the one who is in charge. Again, the story shows how powerful Jesus is.\n\n### Feasting in the kingdom of heaven\n\nIn [8:11–12](../08/11.md), Jesus speaks about how many people will feast with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of the heavens. However, some people who are expected to be part of the feast will be cast outside and punished. It is likely that Jesus is referring to a feast that will eventually happen, so do not express the idea as if it were a metaphor.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical Questions\n\nIn [8:26](../08/26.md) and [8:29](../08/29.md), characters in the story use rhetorical questions. They ask these questions to make strong points, not because they are looking for information. If your language does not use questions in this way, you could include answers to the questions or you could express them as statements or exclamations. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in dialogue between Jesus and other people. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are singular. You should assume forms of “you” are singular unless a note specifies that the form is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
8:1	qb1d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
8:1	wd15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	τοῦ ὄρους	1	Express this phrase as you did in [5:1](../05/01.md). Alternate translation: “the high place” or “the small mountain”
8:2	vas8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	ἰδοὺ, λεπρὸς προσελθὼν, προσεκύνει	1	Here Matthew introduces a **leper** as a new character in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Alternate translation: “there was a man who was a leper. Approaching Jesus, he bowed before”
8:2	yhgp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
8:2	he5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῷ	1	The pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Jesus”
8:2	yc3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι	1	The man is using this statement to make a request. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in request form. Alternate translation: “please make me clean”
8:2	yjn2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	με καθαρίσαι	1	The man talks about becoming **clean** ceremonially, but it is implicit that he has become unclean because of his leprosy, so he is primarily asking Jesus to heal him of this disease. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to heal my disease”
8:3	ttdz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα, ἥψατο αὐτοῦ	1	The pronouns **his** and **he** refer to Jesus. The pronoun **him** refers to the leper. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the people’s names here. Alternate translation: “having reached out his hand, Jesus touched the leper”
8:3	cy6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he declared”
8:3	atmx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	θέλω	1	Here Jesus implies that he is **willing** to cleanse or heal the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I am willing to cleanse you”
8:3	lj1x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐκαθαρίσθη αὐτοῦ ἡ λέπρα	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus. Alternate translation: “he was clean, with no leprosy” or “Jesus cleansed him of his leprosy”
8:4	akk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
8:4	g1uf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μηδενὶ εἴπῃς	1	The implication is that the man is not to tell anyone that Jesus healed him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you tell no one that you have been healed”
8:4	zi3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	σεαυτὸν, δεῖξον τῷ ἱερεῖ	1	Jesus told the man to **show** himself **to the priest** so that the priest could look at his skin to see if his leprosy was really gone. The law of Moses required people to present themselves to the priest for inspection if they had been unclean but were now clean. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “ask to be inspected by the priest” or “let yourself be examined by the priest”
8:4	tq9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προσένεγκον τὸ δῶρον ὃ προσέταξεν Μωϋσῆς	1	Jesus assumes that the man will know that the law required a person who had been healed from a skin disease to **offer** a specific **gift**. This made the person ceremonially clean, and they could participate once again in community religious activities. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “offer the gift that Moses commanded for making people clean again”
8:4	rj8u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς	1	Here Jesus means that the man should show himself to the priest and offer the gift to prove or provide **testimony** that he had been healed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “for a testimony to them that you have been cleansed”
8:4	b0pz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimony**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “so that it testifies to them”
8:4	eewm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** could refer to: (1) Jewish people in general. Alternate translation: “to people” (2) the priests specifically. Alternate translation: “to the priests”
8:5	gec7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,”
8:6	xehl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “telling him”
8:6	cr8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	παραλυτικός	1	People who is **paralyzed** are not able to use or control some or all of their arms and legs because of injury or sickness. If your readers would not be familiar with this sickness, you could use the name of something like this in your language, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “and cannot move his limbs”
8:6	lhmw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δεινῶς βασανιζόμενος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “suffering much” or “being greatly in pain”
8:6	il8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δεινῶς βασανιζόμενος	1	Here the centurion tells Jesus what is happening to his **servant**. He implies that he wants Jesus to heal the **servant**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “being tormented terribly, so please help him”
8:7	qatk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	λέγει αὐτῷ	1	The pronoun **he** refers to Jesus, and the pronoun **him** refers to the centurions. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer directly to the people. Alternate translation: “Jesus says to the centurion”
8:7	u8er		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
8:7	fh56		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐλθὼν	1	Here Jesus implies that he will **come** to the centurion’s house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when I have come to your house”
8:7	go4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “when I have gone”
8:8	p7p4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μου ὑπὸ τὴν στέγην εἰσέλθῃς	1	The phrase **enter under my roof** means “come into my house.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you might personally visit me” or “you might enter into my house”
8:8	hig7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	μόνον εἰπὲ λόγῳ	1	Here, the centurion uses the command form to politely ask Jesus to **speak a word**. Use a form in your language that communicates this. Alternate translation: “please speak only a word”
8:8	uqkz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λόγῳ	1	Here the centurion means that Jesus can heal his servant by using a **word** of command, which is how Jesus healed the leper in [8:3](../08/03.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that the centurion is referring to a single word of command. Alternate translation: “one order” or “a word of command”
8:8	rk1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς μου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is Jesus. Alternate translation: “you will heal my servant”
8:9	ds2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὑπὸ ἐξουσίαν, τασσόμενος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “whom someone has placed under authority” or “who is under someone’s authority”
8:9	da25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὑπ’ ἐμαυτὸν	1	Here the centurion speaks of those over whom he has authority as if they were **under** him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “under my authority” or “whom I command”
8:9	mg4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	καὶ λέγω τούτῳ, πορεύθητι, καὶ πορεύεται, καὶ ἄλλῳ, ἔρχου, καὶ ἔρχεται, καὶ τῷ δούλῳ μου, ποίησον τοῦτο, καὶ ποιεῖ	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this sentence so that there are not quotations within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and I tell this one to go, and he goes, and I tell another one to come, and he comes, and I tell my servant to do something, and he does it”
8:9	qz61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ ἄλλῳ & καὶ τῷ δούλῳ μου	1	The centurion is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “and to another I say … and to my servant, I say”
8:10	znqp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐθαύμασεν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “marveled”
8:10	n9ji			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
8:10	t93t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμῖν	1	Here, the word **you** is plural because Jesus is speaking to everyone who follows him.
8:10	c7y6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	παρ’ οὐδενὶ τοσαύτην πίστιν ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ εὗρον	1	Here Jesus implies that he expected Jewish people to have this kind of **faith**, but they did not. He did not expect Gentiles to have this kind of faith, yet this man did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I have found no one in Israel, the people who should trust me, who trusts me as much as this Gentile does”
8:10	al6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	εὗρον	1	Here, the word **found** represents experiencing or observing something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have experienced” or “I have observed”
8:10	z5gt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	παρ’ οὐδενὶ τοσαύτην πίστιν ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “no one in Israel who believes so much”
8:10	fjgc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ	1	Here, the word **Israel** refers to the people who live in the country of **Israel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “among the people of Israel”
8:11	xee4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a development of what Jesus said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a development, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,”
8:11	ep1j			λέγω & ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
8:11	tdup		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμῖν	1	Here, the word **you** is plural because Jesus is speaking to everyone who follows him.
8:11	v7ma		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πολλοὶ	1	Jesus is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “many men and women”
8:11	mt2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν καὶ δυσμῶν	1	Here, Jesus is referring to every direction by naming the directions that are opposities: **east** and **west**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from every direction”
8:11	u4sj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀνακλιθήσονται	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would usually **recline**, or lay on one side, when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture, or you could just refer to eating. Alternate translation: “they will sit down to eat” or “they will eat”
8:11	kxaj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀνακλιθήσονται	1	When Jesus speaks about eating while **in the kingdom of the heavens**, he could mean: (1) that one thing that people will do is feast together. In this case, Jesus is not using a metaphor. Alternate translation: “they will recline at the feast” (2) that people will rejoice and be happy as if they were at a feast. In this case, Jesus is using a metaphor. Alternate translation: “they will rejoice”
8:11	qmc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μετὰ Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ Ἰακὼβ	1	The words **Abraham**, **Isaac**, and **Jacob** are the names of the three most important ancestors of Jesus people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, who are our important ancestors,”
8:12	ks3b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οἱ & υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας ἐκβληθήσονται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will throw the sons of the kingdom out”
8:12	aug7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οἱ & υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας	1	The expression **the sons of the kingdom** refers to people who would normally belong in the **kingdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those who would normally be part of the kingdom” or “those who expect to be in the kingdom”
8:12	g9js		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	οἱ & υἱοὶ	1	Although the term **sons** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the children”
8:12	liu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον	1	Here, the phrase **the outer darkness** refers to the place of punishment in contrast to **the kingdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you state the meaning plainly. If possible, preserve the idea of **darkness**. Alternate translation: “into the darkness of hell” or “into the dark place of punishment”
8:12	jqpn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **darkness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the dark place outside”
8:12	gww4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would grind their teeth when they experienced anger, grief, and pain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to an action with comparable meaning or state the meaning of this action plainly. Alternate translation: “beating of breasts” or “grinding of the teeth in anger and pain”
8:13	trdl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὕπαγε	1	Here Jesus implies that the centurion should return to his home. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Return to your house”
8:13	ki92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γενηθήτω σοι	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let it happen to you” or “let God do it for you”
8:13	op3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	γενηθήτω	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it will be done” or “I am doing it”
8:13	sdn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἰάθη ὁ παῖς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus healed the servant”
8:13	mjps		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν τῇ ὥρᾳ ἐκείνῃ	1	Here, the phrase **at that hour** indicates that **the servant was healed** when Jesus spoke these words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at that moment”
8:14	d542		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “when Jesus had gone”
8:14	vl5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῦ	1	The pronoun **his** refers to Peter. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Peter’s”
8:14	iw9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	τὴν πενθερὰν	1	The word **mother-in-law** refers to the mother of Peter’s wife. In your translation, you could use the term or expression in your own language for this relationship.
8:14	o7tf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	βεβλημένην	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “lying down”
8:14	ynh8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	πυρέσσουσαν	1	A **fever** is a symptom of an illness in which the temperature of the body temporarily increases. People with fevers feel sick and weak. If your reader would not be familiar with fevers, you could use a descriptive phrase. Alternate Translation: “having a high body temperature” or “being ill with an elevated temperature”
8:15	w7nh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἀφῆκεν αὐτὴν ὁ πυρετός	1	Here Matthew speaks of the **fever** as if it were a person that **left her**. He means that she was no longer sick with the fever. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she was no longer sick with a fever” or “her fever was gone”
8:15	tmp7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διηκόνει αὐτῷ	1	Here Matthew implies that she took food and offered it to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “gave him food”
8:16	lxfv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
8:16	i9lq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	προσήνεγκαν	1	Here, the pronoun **they** refers to people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers generally to people. Alternate translation: “other people brought”
8:16	pwr4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δαιμονιζομένους πολλούς	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “many whom demons possessed”
8:16	s9qx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πολλούς	1	Matthew is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “many people”
8:16	low2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰ πνεύματα	1	Here, the word **spirits** refers to the same spiritual beings that Matthew referred to earlier in the verse as **demons**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the same term in both places or make it clear in another way that these are same beings. Alternate translation: “the demonic spirits”
8:16	f1cv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	λόγῳ	1	Matthew is using the term **word** to mean something spoken using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by speaking to them”\n
8:16	zos9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **sickness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the sick people”
8:17	cn2b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὅπως πληρωθῇ	1	Here, the phrase **so that** could introduce: (1) a result from Jesus casting out demons and healing people. Alternate translation: “with the result that would be fulfilled” (2) a purpose for which Jesus cast out demons and healed people. Alternate translation: “in order that might be fulfilled”\n
8:17	r3dc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πληρωθῇ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this might fulfill”
8:17	tjbo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ ῥηθὲν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “that which God spoke”
8:17	x9vs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντος	1	In Matthew’s culture, **saying** was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book written by Isaiah the prophet (see [Isaiah 53:4](../isa/53/04.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “who wrote in the book of Isaiah” or “who declared”
8:17	eyu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	αὐτὸς τὰς ἀσθενείας ἡμῶν ἔλαβεν καὶ τὰς νόσους ἐβάστασεν	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “He himself took our weaknesses; indeed, he bore our diseases”
8:17	nb36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αὐτὸς τὰς ἀσθενείας ἡμῶν ἔλαβεν καὶ τὰς νόσους ἐβάστασεν	1	Here Matthew could mean that Jesus: (1) removed **weaknesses** and healed **diseases**. Alternate translation: “He himself removed our weaknesses and healed our diseases” (2) became weak and sick himself to deal with people’s **weaknesses** and **diseases**. Alternate translation: “He himself became weak in our place and became sick in our place”
8:17	bi5j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὰς ἀσθενείας ἡμῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **weaknesses**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how weak we were”
8:18	y32v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Sometime later,”
8:18	ruxx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	ἰδὼν	1	Here, the phrase **having seen** could introduce: (1) what happened before Jesus **commanded** his disciples. Alternate translation: “after he saw” (2) the reason for which Jesus **commanded** his disciples. Alternate translation: “because he saw”
8:18	gdsr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἐκέλευσεν ἀπελθεῖν εἰς τὸ πέραν	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “commanded, ‘Let us depart to the other side’”
8:18	a2pn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκέλευσεν ἀπελθεῖν	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus **commanded** the disciples **to depart** with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “commanded his disciples to depart with him”
8:18	h8ub		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς τὸ πέραν	1	Here Jesus implies that he wants the disciples to **depart** with him **to the other side** of the Sea of Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the other side of the lake” or “to the opposite side of the Sea of Galilee”
8:19	hssp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καὶ προσελθὼν, εἷς γραμματεὺς	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus and the disciples have not yet gotten into a boat to cross over to the other side of the Sea of Galilee. He says that they get into the boat in [8:23](../08/23.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit here. Alternate translation: “And before they departed to the other side, a scribe approached and”
8:19	k51q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀκολουθήσω σοι ὅπου ἐὰν ἀπέρχῃ	1	Here, the clause **I will follow you** indicates that the scribe wishes to travel with Jesus and be his disciple. The phrase **wherever you go** indicates that he wishes to be Jesus’ disciple no matter what Jesus does or where he goes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will become your faithful disciple” or “I will travel with you as your student wherever you go”
8:20	tkl1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
8:20	pqp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	αἱ ἀλώπεκες φωλεοὺς ἔχουσιν καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατασκηνώσεις	1	Here, Jesus is referring to all animals by naming an animal that lives on land and an animal that flies in the air. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all animals have places to live”
8:20	ub5o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	αἱ ἀλώπεκες φωλεοὺς ἔχουσιν	1	The word **foxes** describes land animals that are similar to small dogs. The word **dens** refers to how these animals dig holes in the ground as shelters. If your readers would not be familiar with this animal and its habits, you could describe them in general terms. Alternate translation: “Little animals live in holes in the ground”
8:20	qqvq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατασκηνώσεις	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the birds of the sky have nests”
8:20	ci6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **birds** that fly in the **sky**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the birds in the sky” or “the birds flying in the sky”
8:20	arxe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	The expression **of the sky** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “the birds”
8:20	qvm5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ δὲ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, do not have a place where I might lay my head”
8:20	qmfj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ δὲ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “but the Messiah”
8:20	qjw0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ	1	Jesus implies that if the scribe were to follow him, he too might not have a home. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “does not have a place where he might lay his head, so if you become his disciple, expect that you will not have such a place either”
8:20	yl4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ	1	Here, the phrase **{a place} where he might lay his head** refers to a place to sleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “does not have a place where he might sleep” or “does not have a sleeping place”
8:20	grfd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ	1	Jesus actually did find places to sleep wherever he went to teach and heal, but he says that he has no such place at all to emphasize that he has no permanent home. Alternate translation: “does not have a permanent home”
8:21	gvee		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
8:21	fq8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐπίτρεψόν μοι πρῶτον ἀπελθεῖν καὶ θάψαι τὸν πατέρα μου	1	Here the disciple could be indicating that: (1) his **father** had not yet died, but he needed to help and support his father until he died and was buried. Alternate translation: “permit me first to go away and help my father until he dies and I bury him” (2) his **father** had died very recently, and he needed to mourn and arrange the burial ceremonies. Alternate translation: “permit me first to go away and to bury my father who just died”
8:21	wk46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πρῶτον ἀπελθεῖν καὶ θάψαι τὸν πατέρα μου	1	Here the disciple means that he plans to **bury** his father before he travels with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to go away and to bury my father first before I go with you”
8:22	fwwd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
8:22	h7fb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄφες τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς	1	Here, the phrase **the dead** could refer to: (1) people who have already died. In this case, Jesus is stating that **dead** people will take care of other **dead** people. What he means is that living people should not be concerned about those who have died. Alternate translation: “let the dead take care of themselves” or “do not concern yourself with the dead” (2) people who are spiritually **dead**. In this case, Jesus is saying that only people who are spiritually **dead** should care more about burying their **dead** than following him. Alternate translation: “let the spiritually dead bury their own dead”
8:22	l5d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τοὺς νεκροὺς & τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς	1	Jesus is using the adjective **dead** as a noun to mean dead people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the dead humans … their own dead humans”
8:23	vlqc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐμβάντι αὐτῷ εἰς πλοῖον, ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ	1	Here Matthew implies that they started sailing across the Sea of Galilee, as Jesus had commanded in [8:18](../08/18.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when he had entered into a boat, his disciples followed him into the boat, and they started to sail across the lake”
8:23	wgwf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the word **followed** could indicate: (1) simply that the **disciples** went into the boat with Jesus. Alternate translation: “his disciples entered the boat with him” (2) that the **disciples** went into the boat with Jesus since they were acting as his disciples or followers. Alternate translation: “his disciples went with him as his apprentices”
8:24	fshp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
8:24	m6w8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ πλοῖον καλύπτεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the waves covered the boat”
8:24	korf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ πλοῖον καλύπτεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων	1	The implication is that the **storm** was causing high waves that pushed water over the sides of the boat. If it would be helpful to your readers, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the boat was filling up with water because of the waves”
8:24	wiyw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτὸς	1	The pronoun **he** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Jesus”
8:25	kq07		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἤγειραν αὐτὸν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to the disciples, and the pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the disciples woke Jesus”
8:25	b9do		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation without the preceding comma: “and they said”
8:25	b2wh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἀπολλύμεθα!	1	Here, the word **we** includes both Jesus and the disciples. Your language may require you to mark this form.
8:26	yln8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
8:26	g8p7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί δειλοί ἐστε, ὀλιγόπιστοι	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples for being **cowardly** and for having **little faith**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not be cowardly, you of little faith.” or “Do not be cowardly, you of little faith!”
8:26	f973		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἐστε, ὀλιγόπιστοι	1	Here, the word **you** is plural because Jesus is speaking to all the disciples who in the boat with him.
8:26	r5ve		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ὀλιγόπιστοι	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you who believe so little”
8:26	syd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐγένετο γαλήνη μεγάλη	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **calm**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “they became very calm”
8:27	mme2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ & ἄνθρωποι	1	Here, the phrase **the men** refers to the disciples who are on the boat with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the disciples”
8:27	w8cs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
8:27	u2qh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	ποταπός ἐστιν οὗτος, ὅτι καὶ οἱ ἄνεμοι καὶ ἡ θάλασσα αὐτῷ ὑπακούουσιν?	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could turn this into two sentences, one asking the question, and the other giving the reason for the question. Alternate translation: “What sort of man is he? Even the winds and the sea obey him!”
8:27	k5mk			ποταπός ἐστιν οὗτος, ὅτι καὶ οἱ ἄνεμοι καὶ ἡ θάλασσα αὐτῷ ὑπακούουσιν	1	This is a genuine question, not a statement in question form. The disciples are looking for information about what kind of person Jesus could be if he can do these things. Alternate translation: “What sort of person is this man, for even the winds and the sea obey him”
8:28	jlxm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the word **he** refers directly to Jesus, but Matthew implies that the disciples were with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he and his disciples”
8:28	vxww		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς τὸ πέραν	1	Here, the phrase **the other side** refers to the side of the Sea of Galilee opposite to Capernaum, where Jesus and the disciples had started. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the opposite side of the lake”
8:28	yzi6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	τῶν Γαδαρηνῶν	1	The name **Gadarenes** refers to people from the town of Gadara.
8:28	o3du		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	ὑπήντησαν αὐτῷ δύο δαιμονιζόμενοι ἐκ τῶν μνημείων ἐξερχόμενοι, χαλεποὶ λείαν ὥστε μὴ ἰσχύειν τινὰ παρελθεῖν διὰ τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐκείνης	1	Here Matthew provides background information that will help readers understand what happens next. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “two men met him. Now these men were possessed by demons, and they came out of the tombs. They were very violent, so that no one was strong enough to pass through that road”
8:28	hz5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δαιμονιζόμενοι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom demons had possessed”
8:28	zt5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκ τῶν μνημείων ἐξερχόμενοι	1	Here Matthew implies that the **two men** live in the **tombs** and came from that area to meet Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “coming out of where they lived in the tombs”
8:28	dbuo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐκείνης	1	Here Matthew implies that the **road** goes through or nearby the **tombs**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the nearby road” or “the road near them”
8:29	oifc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
8:29	qlyf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
8:29	gr2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί, Υἱὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ?	1	The two men are using the question form to insist on something urgently. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “There is nothing to us and to you, Son of God!”
8:29	rlf0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί	1	Here, the question **What to us and to you** asks whether **you** and **us** have anything in common or have any reason to be together. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “What do you and we have in common” or “What reason do you have to get involved with us”
8:29	jcq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	**Son of God** is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship with God the Father.
8:29	u4jr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἦλθες ὧδε πρὸ καιροῦ βασανίσαι ἡμᾶς	1	The men are using the question form to confront Jesus about why he has come to their area. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is not yet the set time for you to come here to torment us.” or “Surely you have not come here to torment us before the set time!”
8:29	uw6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πρὸ καιροῦ	1	Here, the phrase **the set time** refers to the time when God will judge all evil spirits and people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “before the time when God will judge everyone” or “before the time that God has chosen for judgment”
8:30	v91c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	δὲ	1	Matthew uses the word **Now** to introduce background information that will help readers understand what happens next. It does not introduce another event in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile,” or “At the same time,”
8:30	l65b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μακρὰν ἀπ’ αὐτῶν	1	Here, the phrase **at a distance from them** indicates that the **pigs** were far away from Jesus and the two men, but they could still be seen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “off in the distance” or “far away from them but still visible”
8:31	ya2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next part of the story. It does not introduce a contrast with the pigs grazing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next part of a story, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “So,”
8:31	xms2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
8:31	tf32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact	εἰ ἐκβάλλεις ἡμᾶς	1	Although the demons speak as if this were a hypothetical situation, they are relatively sure that Jesus is going to cast them out. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what the demons are saying is uncertain, then you could translate their words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “When you cast us out” or “After you cast us out”
8:31	cgf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	Here, the word **us** refers only to the demons, not to Jesus or any of his disciples. Your language may require you to mark this form.
8:31	luaa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	ἀπόστειλον ἡμᾶς	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “we ask that you send us away”
8:31	jm53		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς τὴν ἀγέλην τῶν χοίρων	1	Here the demons speak of wanting to go **into the herd of the pigs**. They mean that they want to enter and control the **pigs**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “into the herd of the pigs so that we can possess them”
8:32	tczx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑπάγετε	1	Here, the command is plural because Jesus is speaking to all the demons.
8:32	iheg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐξελθόντες	1	Here Matthew implies that they came out of the two men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having come out of the two men”
8:32	czr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς τοὺς χοίρους	1	Here, much as in [8:31](../08/31.md), the demons go**into the pigs**. This means that they enter and control the **pigs**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “into the pigs to possess them”
8:32	qy43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
8:32	xdzk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἀπέθανον	1	The pronoun **they** refers to the pigs. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer more directly to the pigs. Alternate translation: “the pigs died”
8:33	xken		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,”
8:33	uumo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ & βόσκοντες	1	Here Matthew refers to the people who were taking care of the pigs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the ones who were herding the pigs”
8:33	u0zu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν πόλιν	1	Here, the **city** is the town of Gadara, which Matthew already referred to indirectly in [8:28](../08/28.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the city of Gadara”
8:33	fhin		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	2	Here, the word **and** could introduce: (1) one of the specific things that **they reported**. Alternate translation: “especially” (2) another thing that they reported. Alternate translation: “and also”
8:33	ev2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τῶν δαιμονιζομένων	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones whom the demons had possessed”
8:34	jzjz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
8:34	xb5x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πᾶσα ἡ πόλις	1	Matthew says **whole** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “most of the city”
8:34	j6sp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πᾶσα ἡ πόλις	1	Here, the phrase **the whole city** represents most of the people who lived in the city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “most of the people from the city”\n
8:34	nukc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	παρεκάλεσαν ὅπως μεταβῇ ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῶν	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “they begged, ‘Please depart from our region’”
9:intro	tg41				0	# Matthew 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n3. Jesus illustrates the kingdom of God through acts of healing (8:1-9:34)\n      * Healing a paralytic (9:1–8)\n      * Calling Matthew and eating with sinners (9:9–13)\n      * Jesus brings something new (9:14–17)\n      * Healing a woman and resurrecting a girl (9:18–26)\n      * Healing two blind men (9:27–31)\n      * Casting a demon out of a mute man (9:32–34)\n4. Jesus teaches about mission and the kingdom (9:35-10:42)\n      * More laborers for the harvest (9:35–38)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Healings\n\nIn this chapter, Matthew narrates how Jesus heals a paralyzed man, a woman with a disease that caused bleeding, two blind men, and many other people who were sick. In every case where Matthew describes what happened, Jesus speaks words, or he touches the sick person, or he does both. These stories show how powerful Jesus is. He does not need to use medicine or magic to heal people. Instead, he can just command the sickness to go away or simply touch the person.\n\n### Casting out demons\n\nMatthew clearly distinguishes sick people from people who are controlled by demons. Demons are evil spiritual beings who can control people. They usually use these people to hurt themselves or others. In [9:32–34](../09/32.md), Matthew briefly describes how Jesus drove out a demon who caused the man it controlled to be mute, that is, unable to speak. In response, both the crowds and the Pharisees realize that Jesus is powerful.\n\n### Resurrecting the dead\n\nIn [9:18–19](../09/18.md) and [9:23–26](../09/23.md), Matthew narrates how Jesus raised a girl from the dead. While Jesus describes her as only “sleeping,” he uses this word to indicate that the girl will “wake up” from being dead. The story clearly indicates that the girl had died and that Jesus raises her from the dead by touching her.\n\n### “Sinners”\n\nWhen Matthew uses the word “sinners,” he is describing a group of people whom many Jewish religious groups would have considered to be living in ways that were improper for those who were part of God’s people. Some of these people may have committed significant sins, while others may have disagreed with many of the Jewish religious groups about how Jews could properly behave. If possible, use a word or phrase that identifies people who are not living as many religious groups think that people should live. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The short parables in [9:15–17](../09/15.md)\n\nIn these verses, Jesus gives three short parables that emphasize describe how certain things do not go well together. Fasting does not happen during a wedding celebration. An unshrunk piece of cloth does not make a good patch for an old garment. Old wineskins do not make a good container for fresh wine that still needs to ferment. Jesus tells these parables to illustrate how his ministry and preaching do not match well with how people had previously done things. In other words, Jesus wants people to expect what he does to be new, and this may require thinking and doing many new things. You should preserve these parables, since they are not direct metaphors. If necessary, you could introduce them in such a way that your readers recognize that they are parables or illustrations. See the notes on each verse for possible translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n### The harvest metaphor\n\nIn [9:37–38](../09/37.md), Jesus speaks of people who will believe as if they were a harvest of grain, and he speaks of those who preach the gospel as the laborers who work to harvest the grain. Just as when there is a large harvest but only a few laborers, so there are many people who will believe, but only a few people who are preaching the gospel. If possible, preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in dialogue between Jesus and other people. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are singular. You should assume forms of “you” are singular unless a note specifies that the form is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
9:1	lje9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διεπέρασεν	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus **crossed over** the Sea of Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he crossed over the lake”
9:1	s8n5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διεπέρασεν	1	Here, the word **he** refers directly to Jesus, but Matthew implies that the disciples were with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he and his disciples crossed over”
9:1	mwx1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἦλθεν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went”
9:1	qk74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν ἰδίαν πόλιν	1	Here, the phrase **his own city** refers to the city in which Jesus was living, which was Capernaum. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the city where he was living” or “Capernaum, his own city”
9:2	nycb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
9:2	hkfe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	προσέφερον & αὐτῶν	1	Here, the pronouns **they** and **their** refer to the people who brought the **paralytic** to Jesus. Matthew does not give us any more information about who they were. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that refers to specific people who are not named. Alternate translation: “certain people were bringing … these people’s”
9:2	szd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	παραλυτικὸν & τῷ παραλυτικῷ	1	The word **paralytic** describes people who are not able to use or control some or all of their arms and legs because of injury or sickness. See how you translated **paralytic** in [4:24](../04/24.md). Alternate translation: “a paralyzed person … to the paralyzed person” or “a person who could not move his limbs … to the person who could not move his limbs”
9:2	x8ao		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	κλίνης	1	A **mat** was a portable bed that could also be used to transport a person. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of bed, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a stretcher”
9:2	dwzz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἰδὼν & τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus recognized that the friends of this paralyzed man strongly believed that he could heal him. Their actions proved that. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having recognized that they were convinced that he could heal the paralytic”
9:2	ooj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν πίστιν αὐτῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how they trusted”
9:2	iu8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τέκνον	1	Here Jesus calls the paralytic **Child** to indicate that he cares for him. The word also implies that the paralytic was younger than Jesus. The paralytic was not actually Jesus’ son. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form of address that an older person would use to show that they care for a younger person. Alternate translation: “My friend” or “Young one”
9:2	dhtx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	θάρσει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **courage**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “be courageous”
9:2	iys2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀφίενταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is Jesus. Alternate translation: “I forgive your sins”
9:3	ptno		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδού	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “immediately”
9:3	ck90		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν ἑαυτοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **among themselves** could mean that: (1) the scribes **said** these words to themselves, not out loud. Alternate translation: “in themselves” or “to themselves” (2) the scribes **said** these words quietly to other scribes. Alternate translation: “to each other”
9:3	e6me		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οὗτος	1	Here the scribes refer to Jesus by using the phrase **This one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the reference more explicit. Alternate translation: “This man” or “This Jesus”
9:4	u643		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδὼν & τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν	1	Here Matthew speaks as if Jesus could see people’s **thoughts**. He means that Jesus knew what they were thinking, even though they did not say it out loud. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having known their thoughts” or “having perceived their thoughts”
9:4	n4yl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἵνα τί ἐνθυμεῖσθε πονηρὰ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the scribes. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not think evil in your hearts.” or “Do not think evil in your hearts!”
9:4	e936		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἐνθυμεῖσθε & ὑμῶν	1	Here, the words **you** and **you** are plural because Jesus is speaking to the scribes.
9:4	jpg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πονηρὰ	1	Jesus is using the adjective **evil** as a noun to mean evil thoughts. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts”
9:4	d499		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν	1	In Matthew’s culture, **hearts** are the places where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the places where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “in your heads” or “in your minds”
9:5	hae2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γάρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the scribes should not be thinking evil in their hearts ([9:4](../09/04.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “I say that because”
9:5	j716		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί & ἐστιν εὐκοπώτερον εἰπεῖν, ἀφέωνται σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι, ἢ εἰπεῖν, ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show the scribes which of these things is easier to say. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. He could mean: (1) that saying **Your sins have been forgiven** is **easier** than saying **Get up and walk**. This is because it is easy to show that someone is lying when they try to heal a paralytic, but it is not easy to show that someone is lying when they claim to forgive sins. Alternate translation: “it is easier to say, ‘Your sins have been forgiven,’ than to say, ‘Get up and walk.’” (2) that both things are equally easy to say. Alternate translation: “saying ‘Your sins have been forgiven’ is just as easy as saying, ‘Get up and walk.’”
9:5	mk14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἰπεῖν, ἀφέωνται σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι, ἢ εἰπεῖν, ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει?	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this sentence so that there are no quotations within a quotation. Alternate translation: “to say that a person’s sins have been forgiven to tell a person to get up and walk”
9:5	x05v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀφέωνται σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is the person speaking. Alternate translation: “I have forgiven your sins”
9:6	p3nh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a slight contrast with the comparison in the previous verse. Jesus now shows that he will both forgive and heal the paralytic. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a slight contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “But now,” or “Leaving that aside,”
9:6	ahaf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα & εἰδῆτε ὅτι ἐξουσίαν ἔχει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἀφιέναι ἁμαρτίας (τότε λέγει τῷ παραλυτικῷ), ἐγερθεὶς	1	Here, the phrase **in order that** introduces the purpose for which Jesus **says to the paralytic** the commands that he gives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that provides the stated purpose for which a person performs an action. Alternate translation: “here is what I will do so that you might know that the Son of Man has authority on the earth to forgive sins.’ Then, he says to the paralytic, ‘Getting up”
9:6	n5sf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	εἰδῆτε & σου & σου	1	Here, the **you** is plural and is addressed to the scribes, but both instances of **your** are singular and are addressed to the paralytic.
9:6	td1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ἔχει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, have”
9:6	cc7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. See how you translated the title in [8:20](../08/20.md). Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
9:6	k6rw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐξουσίαν ἔχει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “has been authorized”
9:6	s838		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τῷ παραλυτικῷ	1	The word **paralytic** describes people who are not able to use or control some or all of their arms and legs because of injury or sickness. See how you translated **paralytic** in [9:2](../09/02.md). Alternate translation: “to the paralyzed person” or “the person who could not move his limbs”
9:6	w7q0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὴν κλίνην	1	A **mat** was a portable bed that could also be used to transport a person. See how you translated this word in [9:2](../09/02.md). Alternate translation: “stretcher”
9:7	fx6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐγερθεὶς, ἀπῆλθεν	1	The implication is that the man was able to get up because Jesus had healed him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having been healed, he got up and went away”
9:8	hnme		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next action in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next action, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
9:8	ae9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἰδόντες & οἱ ὄχλοι	1	Here, the word **this** refers how Jesus had healed the paralytic man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when the crowds had seen Jesus heal the man”
9:8	sif8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν δόντα ἐξουσίαν τοιαύτην τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	Here this phrase further describes **God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship more explicit. Alternate translation: “who has given such authority to men” or “the one having given such authority to men”
9:8	x71s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸν δόντα ἐξουσίαν τοιαύτην τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “having authorized men to do such things”
9:8	jrv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Matthew is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “to humans”
9:9	nkpi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκεῖθεν	1	Here, the word **there** refers to the place where Jesus healed the paralytic man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from where he healed the man”
9:9	cusb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	εἶδεν ἄνθρωπον καθήμενον ἐπὶ τὸ τελώνιον Μαθθαῖον λεγόμενον	1	Here Matthew introduces a tax collector named Matthew as a new character in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Alternate translation: “he saw a man whose name was Matthew. Matthew was sitting at the tax collection office”
9:9	w62x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Μαθθαῖον λεγόμενον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who had the name Matthew”
9:9	fqwo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καθήμενον ἐπὶ τὸ τελώνιον	1	Here we learn that **Matthew** worked as a tax collector. He would sit at the **tax collection office** and make sure that people paid their taxes to the Roman empire, who had control over this area. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who worked to collect taxes for the Romans at the tax collection office”
9:9	puwg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	λέγει αὐτῷ	1	Here, the pronoun **he** refers to Jesus, and the pronoun **him** refers to Matthew. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the people’s names here. Alternate translation: “Jesus says to Matthew”
9:9	sat5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
9:9	q0bp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἠκολούθησεν αὐτῷ	1	Here, the pronoun **he** refers to Matthew, and the pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the people’s names here. Alternate translation: “Matthew followed Jesus”
9:10	zduj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	καὶ ἐγένετο	1	Here, the phrase **And it happened that** introduces something that happened soon after what Matthew previously narrated. If it would be helpful in your language, you use a word or phrase that introduces an event that came soon after the previous event. Alternate translation: “Soon after that,”
9:10	f9lh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀνακειμένου	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would usually recline, or lay on one side, when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture, or you could just refer to eating. Alternate translation: “was sitting down to eat” or “was eating”
9:10	js9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῇ οἰκίᾳ	1	Here it is implied that this is Matthew’s **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Matthew’s house”
9:10	e3iw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
9:11	coh9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἰδόντες	1	Here, the word **this** refers to how Jesus was feasting with tax collectors and sinners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having seen that Jesus was feasting in this way”
9:11	zk8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῦ	1	The pronoun **his** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Jesus’”
9:11	z4h5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	διὰ τί μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐσθίει ὁ διδάσκαλος ὑμῶν?	1	The Pharisees are using the question form to criticize what Jesus is doing. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your teacher has no reason to eat with tax collectors and sinners.” or “Your teacher should not eat with tax collectors and sinners!”
9:11	mjow		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμῶν	1	Here, the word **you** is plural because the Pharisees are speaking Jesus’ disciples.
9:12	iimz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ὁ	1	The pronoun **he** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Jesus”
9:12	m7fm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἀκούσας	1	Here, the word **this** refers to what the Pharisees asked the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having heard what the Pharisees asked”
9:12	tl42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν οἱ ἰσχύοντες ἰατροῦ, ἀλλὰ οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες	1	Jesus begins his response by quoting or creating a proverb, a short saying about something that is generally true in life. This proverb draws a figurative comparison. Just as sick people need to see a doctor to be healed, so sinners need to see Jesus in order to be forgiven and restored. But since Jesus explains the comparison in the next verse, you do not need to explain it here. Rather, you could translate the proverb itself in a way that will be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “People who are well do not need to see a doctor, but people who are unwell do”
9:12	n33c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones having sickness have need of a physician”
9:12	r9kd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **sickness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the ones who are sick”
9:13	dypl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces how Jesus will apply the proverb he spoke in the previous verse ([9:12](../09/12.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an application, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “So,”
9:13	vn0q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	πορευθέντες & μάθετε	1	Here, the phrase **having gone** indicates that Jesus wants the Pharisees to study the passage he is about to quote more carefully. Jesus does not mean that they have to leave him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “carefully read and learn” or “think carefully and learn”
9:13	ygev		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	μάθετε	1	Here, the command is in plural form because Jesus is speaking to the Pharisees.
9:13	fl8q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τί ἐστιν	1	Here Jesus means that they should **learn** what the passage he is about to quote means. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what this means” or “the meaning of this passage”
9:13	m2bn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	τί ἐστιν: ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν	1	Here Jesus introduces a quotation from [Hosea 6:6](../hos/06/06.md), where God is speaking to the Israelites. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could introduce the quotation as something that God has said that is written in the Scriptures, or you could include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “what this passage from the book of Hosea is: ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice” or “what God said through Hosea: ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice”
9:13	k4cy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν	1	Here God says that he does not want any **sacrifice**. The Israelites would have understood him to mean that God primarily wants **mercy**, and he only wants **sacrifice** if there is also **mercy**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “I primarily desire mercy, and only then sacrifice” or “I desire mercy much more than sacrifice”
9:13	wil7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἔλεος & καὶ οὐ θυσίαν	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **mercy** and **sacrifice**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “people to be merciful and not to sacrifice to me”
9:13	fol8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a development based on what the quotation means. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a development, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “So then,” or “In light of that,”
9:13	wopd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὐ γὰρ ἦλθον	1	Here, the word **come** refers to Jesus entering this world as a human to do what God called him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For I did not come to this world” or “For I am not acting”\n
9:13	xorf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	δικαίους	1	Jesus is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun to mean righteous people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “righteous people”
9:13	a886		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλούς	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but I came to call sinners”
9:14	k8vc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	τότε	1	Here, the word **Then** introduces a new event that took place sometime after the previous event, probably relatively soon after. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event. Alternate translation: “After that,” or “One day,”
9:14	vhnd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Ἰωάννου	1	Here, the name **John** refers to John the Baptist. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could refer to him more explicitly. Alternate translation: “of John the Baptist”
9:14	zlyq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	προσέρχονται	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “came”
9:14	y5yu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῷ	1	The pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “to Jesus”
9:14	ksqy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
9:14	halx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	διὰ τί ἡμεῖς καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι νηστεύομεν πολλά, οἱ δὲ μαθηταί σου οὐ νηστεύουσιν?	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could turn this sentence into two sentences, one giving the reason for the question, and the other asking the question. Alternate translation: “We and the Pharisees often fast. For what reason do your disciples not fast?”
9:14	p31d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	Here, the word **we** refers only to the **disciples of John**. It does not include Jesus or his disciples. Your language may require you to mark this form.
9:15	vmgs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	μὴ δύνανται οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος πενθεῖν, ἐφ’ ὅσον μετ’ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ὁ νυμφίος? ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι ὅταν ἀπαρθῇ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ὁ νυμφίος, καὶ τότε νηστεύσουσιν	1	To help John’s disciples understand why his disciples do not fast, Jesus offers a brief illustration. He wants John’s disciples to think of him as if he were a **bridegroom** and of his disciples as if they were the **sons of the bridal chamber**. You should preserve the form of the parable, but if it would be helpful in your language, you could state explicitly that Jesus is like the **bridegroom**, and his disciples are like the the **sons of the bridal chamber**. Alternate translation: “The sons of the bridal chamber are not able to mourn while the bridegroom is still with them, are they? But days will come when the bridegroom will be taken away from them, and then they will fast. I am like the bridegroom, and my disciples are like the sons of the bridal chamber.”
9:15	r8if		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	μὴ δύνανται οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος πενθεῖν, ἐφ’ ὅσον μετ’ αὐτῶν ἐστιν ὁ νυμφίος?	1	Jesus is using the question form to teach John’s disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “The sons of the bridal chamber are certainly not able to mourn while the bridegroom is still with them.” or “The sons of bridal chamber cannot mourn while the bridegroom is still with them!”
9:15	xnp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος	1	The expression **sons of** describes people who shares the qualities of something. In this case, Jesus is describing people who share the quality of being an integral part of a wedding. These are the male friends who attend the groom during the ceremony and the festivities. Alternate translation: “The groom’s attendants”
9:15	iz9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐλεύσονται & ἡμέραι ὅταν	1	Here Jesus is using the word **days** to refer to a particular time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a time will come when” or “there will be a time when”
9:15	p6hz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀπαρθῇ & ὁ νυμφίος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “someone will take the bridegroom away”
9:16	je5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces another example that Jesus uses to explain why his disciples do not fast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces another example, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Further,” or “Again,”
9:16	j9fx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	οὐδεὶς & ἐπιβάλλει ἐπίβλημα ῥάκους ἀγνάφου ἐπὶ ἱματίῳ παλαιῷ; αἴρει γὰρ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱματίου, καὶ χεῖρον σχίσμα γίνεται	1	To help John’s disciples understand why his disciples do not fast, Jesus offers another brief illustration. He wants John’s disciples to think of the new things that he teaches and does as **a patch of unshrunk cloth** and of the current ways of doing things as if they were **an old garment**. You should preserve the form of the parable, but if it would be helpful in your language, you could state explicitly that what Jesus does and teaches is like the **patch of unshrunk cloth**, and the normal way of doing things is like **an old garment**. Alternate translation: “no one puts a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment, for its patch tears away from the garment, and a worse tear happens. What I say and do is like the unshrunk cloth, and the normal way of doing things is like an old garment.”
9:16	i1zy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐδεὶς & ἐπιβάλλει ἐπίβλημα ῥάκους ἀγνάφου ἐπὶ ἱματίῳ παλαιῷ	1	Here Jesus refers to the practice of patching a hole or tear in a **garment** by sewing or attaching a **patch** to the **garment** to cover the hole or tear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “no one patches an old garment with a patch of unshrunk cloth”
9:16	yf98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αἴρει & τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱματίου	1	Here Jesus implies that the **patch** will tear away when the garment is washed, because the **patch** will shrink and rip the **old garment**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when the garment is washed, its patch will shrink and tear away from the garment”
9:17	s13y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς; εἰ δὲ μή γε, ῥήγνυνται οἱ ἀσκοί, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἐκχεῖται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοὶ ἀπόλλυνται. ἀλλὰ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς, καὶ ἀμφότεροι συντηροῦνται	1	To help John’s disciples understand why his disciples do not fast, Jesus offers another brief illustration. He wants John’s disciples to think of the new things that he teaches and does as **new wine** and of the current ways of doing things as if they were **old wineskins**. You should preserve the form of the parable, but if it would be helpful in your language, you could state explicitly that what Jesus does and teaches is like the **new wine**, and the normal way of doing things is like **old wineskins**. Alternate translation: “Neither do they put new wine into old wineskins. But if not, the skins are burst, and the wine is spilled, and the wineskins are destroyed. Instead, they put new wine into new wineskins, and both are preserved. What I say and do is like the new wine, and the normal way of doing things is like the old wineskins.”
9:17	pyk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν & βάλλουσιν	1	Here, the pronoun **they** refers to people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that generally to people. Alternate translation: “Likewise, no one puts … a person puts”
9:17	plli		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	εἰ δὲ μή γε	1	Here, the phrases **But if not** introduces what would happen if people actually did **put new wine into old wineskins**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Otherwise” or “But supposing that they actually do that”
9:17	hv8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ῥήγνυνται οἱ ἀσκοί, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἐκχεῖται καὶ οἱ ἀσκοὶ ἀπόλλυνται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the new wine bursts the skins, and the wine spills out, and the wineskins become useless”
9:17	jjbh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ῥήγνυνται οἱ ἀσκοί	1	Here Jesus implies that the **new wine**, when it ferments, will expand and **burst** the **skins**, which are **old** and so no longer able to stretch. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when the wine ferments, the skins cannot stretch and are burst”
9:17	l68m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀμφότεροι	1	Here, the word **both** refers to the **new wine** and the **fresh wineskins**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “both wine and wineskins”
9:17	i8v4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀμφότεροι συντηροῦνται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that preserves both” or “both are safe”
9:18	a7ax		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	ταῦτα αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος αὐτοῖς	1	Here Matthew uses the clause **{While} he was saying these things to them** to introduce a new event that began while Jesus was saying the words that Matthew records in the previous verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that introduces a new event that began during the previous event. Alternate translation: “Something happened while Jesus was saying these things to them:”
9:18	n1i6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῦ & αὐτοῖς & αὐτῷ	1	Here, the pronouns **he** and **him** refer to Jesus, and the pronoun **them** refers to the disciples of John the Baptist. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the people’s names here. Alternate translation: “Jesus … John the Baptist’s disciples … to Jesus”
9:18	z44w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
9:18	a4s2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	ἄρχων εἷς προσελθὼν, προσεκύνει	1	Here Matthew introduces the **official** as a new character in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Alternate translation: “a man approached. He was an official, and he bowed down”
9:18	lpst		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	ἄρχων εἷς	1	While Mark and Luke identify this man as the ruler or leader of a synagogue, Matthew uses a more general title to identify him as a leader or important person. Since Matthew did not specify exactly what position this man had, you should use a general term for a leader or important person. Alternate translation: “a certain leader” or “a certain prominent man”
9:18	qjgk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he told him”
9:18	zubi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1	Here, the word **but** introduces what the man wants Jesus to do, even though his **daughter** has already **died**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “but despite that” or “yet even though that has happened”
9:18	rgrr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	ἀλλὰ ἐλθὼν ἐπίθες τὴν χεῖρά σου ἐπ’ αὐτήν	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “but I ask that you, having come, lay your hand on her”
9:18	nvkq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
9:18	ilkp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	1	Here, the word **and** introduces what the man believes will happen as a result of Jesus laying his hand on his daughter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “and as a result,” or “and so”
9:19	buue		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus and his disciples went with the man to his home. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea explicit. Alternate translation: “followed him to his home”
9:20-21	qdq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge	καὶ ἰδοὺ, γυνὴ αἱμορροοῦσα δώδεκα ἔτη προσελθοῦσα ὄπισθεν, ἥψατο τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ. & ἔλεγεν γὰρ ἐν ἑαυτῇ, ἐὰν μόνον ἅψωμαι τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ, σωθήσομαι.	1	If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [9:20](../09/20.md) and [9:21](../09/21.md) into a verse bridge, as UST does, in order to include what the woman is thinking before she acts based on what she is thinking. Alternate translation: “And behold, there was a woman suffering from a discharge of blood for 12 years. She was saying to herself, ‘If only I touch his cloak, I will be saved.’ So, having approached from behind, she touched the edge of his cloak.”
9:20	laks		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
9:20	cxsr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	γυνὴ αἱμορροοῦσα δώδεκα ἔτη προσελθοῦσα ὄπισθεν, ἥψατο	1	Here Matthew introduces this **woman** as a new character in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Alternate translation: “there was a woman who had suffered from a discharge of blood for 12 years. She approached Jesus from behind and touched”
9:20	gv15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	αἱμορροοῦσα	1	Matthew uses the phrase **a discharge of blood** to refer discreetly to her condition or illness. She was probably experiencing menstrual bleeding at many times, even when it was not the normal time for that. If your language has a polite way of referring to this condition, you could use that expression here, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “suffering from abnormal menstruation” or “suffering from frequent menstrual bleeding”
9:20	m9zq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	ἥψατο τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ	1	Here Matthew does not explain why she **touched the edge of his cloak**. Since Matthew does explain it in the next verse, you should not explain its meaning here.
9:21	eb6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the woman touched the edge of Jesus’ garment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason for an action, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “since” or “which she did because”
9:21	w9jt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἔλεγεν & ἐν ἑαυτῇ	1	Here, the clause **she was saying in herself** indicates that she was thinking the words, not saying them out loud. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to thinking or speaking only to oneself. Alternate translation: “she was saying to herself” or “she was thinking to herself”
9:21	sj2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἐν ἑαυτῇ, ἐὰν μόνον ἅψωμαι τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ, σωθήσομαι	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “to herself that if she could only touch his cloak, she would be saved”
9:21	ni7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μόνον ἅψωμαι	1	Here, the word **only** indicates that the woman thinks that, to be healed, she does not need to do anything more than **touch** Jesus’ garment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all I do is touch” or “I can just touch”
9:21	ukb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σωθήσομαι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, you could indicate that is God or Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “God will save me” or “he will save me”
9:22	x398		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	θύγατερ	1	Here Jesus calls the woman **Daughter** to indicate that he cares for her. The word could implies that the woman was younger than Jesus. The woman was not actually Jesus’ daughter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form of address that an older person would use to show that they care for a younger person. Alternate translation: “My friend” or “Dear woman”\n
9:22	ih1u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	θάρσει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **courage**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “be courageous”
9:22	h2m6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you believed, and that has caused you to be saved”
9:22	q6ca		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε	1	Jesus speaks of the woman’s **faith** as if it had actively **saved** her. He means that her **faith** was the necessary condition for the healing that she received from God. Alternate translation: “because of your faith, you have been saved”
9:22	zv2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐσώθη ἡ γυνὴ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, you could indicate that is God or Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “God saved the woman” or “Jesus saved the woman”
9:22	olzh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης	1	Here, the phrase **from that hour** indicates that the woman was healed at the time when she encountered Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from that moment on”
9:23	q47m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
9:23	jae1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τοὺς αὐλητὰς	1	A **flute** is a musical instrument. It is a thin, hollow rod, and people blow into one end of it to make sounds. In Jesus’ culture, people often hired **flute players** to play music at funerals. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of instrument or why people are playing it when someone dies, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “people playing funeral songs” or “the musicians for the funeral”
9:23	pt06		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν ὄχλον θορυβούμενον	1	Here Matthew refers to how people make much noise when they are grieving or mourning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the crowd grieving loudly” or “the crowd being very loud as they mourned”
9:23	uyoh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	θορυβούμενον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “making a commotion” or “being noisy”
9:24	i5ga		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἀναχωρεῖτε	1	Here, the command is in plural form because Jesus is speaking to the flute players and the crowd.
9:24	f5ki		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why the flute players and the crowd should go away. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason for a command, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “because”
9:24	pc1m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ κοράσιον	1	Here, the word **girl** refers to a very young woman. We know from Mark and Luke that she was about 12 years old. Use a word or phrase in your language that refers to a **girl** who is about this age. Alternate translation: “the young girl”
9:24	obvp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ καθεύδει	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but she sleeps”
9:25	gjj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast between how the crowd laughed at Jesus and what Jesus himself does. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,” or “Nevertheless,”
9:25	nqs6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐξεβλήθη ὁ ὄχλος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, Matthew implies that Jesus made **the crowd** leave. Alternate translation: “Jesus had put the crowd outside” or “the crowd went outside”
9:25	r7zs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰσελθὼν	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus entered the room or place where the dead girl was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having entered the girl’s room” or “having entered the place where the dead girl lay”
9:25	wgap		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἐκράτησεν τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῆς	1	The pronoun **he** refers to Jesus, and the pronoun **her** refers to the girl who had died. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the people’s names here. Alternate translation: “Jesus took the girl’s hand”
9:25	zl3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἠγέρθη	1	Here, the phrase **raised up** indicates both that **the girl** came back to life and that she stood up. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “came back to life and got up”
9:25	mm3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἠγέρθη τὸ κοράσιον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Matthew implies that Jesus **raised** her from the dead, but the girl herself got up from where she was lying. Alternate translation: “Jesus raised the girl up” or “the girl got up”
9:26	rxs4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἐξῆλθεν ἡ φήμη αὕτη εἰς	1	Here, Matthew speaks of **the report** as if it were a person who could go out. He means that people shared **the report** with others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people shared this report throughout”
9:26	hr0v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἡ φήμη αὕτη	1	Here Matthew is referring to the news about how Jesus raised the girl who had died. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the report about what Jesus had done” or “the story about what had happened”
9:26	pfq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	εἰς ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἐκείνην	1	Here, the word **region** refers to the people who live in that region. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to people throughout all that region”
9:27	smql		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκεῖθεν	1	Here, the word **there** refers to the place where Jesus raised the girl who had died. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from the official’s house” or “from where he raised the girl”
9:27	glzb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	κράζοντες καὶ λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “crying out” or “saying loudly”
9:27	d8bu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς	1	When the blind men ask for **mercy**, they are asking Jesus to heal them from their blindness. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Have mercy on us and heal us”
9:27	tuhf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **mercy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Be merciful to us”
9:27	rexg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Υἱὲ Δαυείδ	1	Here, the word **Son** means a male descendant. It does not mean that Jesus was the direct son of David. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Descendant of David” or “you who are descended from David”
9:27	dh5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Υἱὲ Δαυείδ	1	**David** was Israel’s most important king, and God had promised him that one of his descendants would be the Messiah. So the title Son of David could implicitly mean “Messiah.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Son of David, Messiah”
9:28	e4mw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
9:28	mg1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθόντι	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “when he had gone”
9:28	n8fw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν	1	Here, the phrase **the house** refers to the place where Jesus was staying. He did not own the house, but someone was letting him live there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “into the house in which he was living”
9:28	kv74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	προσῆλθον	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went”
9:28	ap9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
9:28	q6z5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	πιστεύετε	1	Here, the word **you** is plural because Jesus is speaking to the two blind men.
9:28	fdr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦτο ποιῆσαι	1	The pronoun **this** refers to the act of healing them. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to this act directly. Alternate translation: “to make you see”
9:28	e81f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ναί, Κύριε	1	The two blind men are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Yes, Lord, we believe that you are able to do this”
9:29	sjmb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”\n
9:29	w92e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γενηθήτω ὑμῖν	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Let it happen to you” or “Let God do it for you”
9:29	tsji		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμῶν & ὑμῖν	1	Here, the words **you** and **your** are plural because Jesus is speaking to the two blind men.
9:29	psyn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	γενηθήτω	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It will be done” or “I am doing it”
9:29	idph		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κατὰ τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “just as you believed”
9:30	uk2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἠνεῴχθησαν αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί	1	Here, the clause **their eyes were opened** indicates that they were now able to see with **their eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable clause or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their eyes were healed” or “their eyes could see”
9:30	qa39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἠνεῴχθησαν αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “their eyes became open”
9:30	p5l3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἐνεβριμήθη αὐτοῖς & λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “warned them by saying” or “gave them this warning:”
9:30	t6p8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ὁρᾶτε	1	Here, the word **See** means that men need to make sure that something happens or does not happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Make sure that”
9:30	abof		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὁρᾶτε	1	Here, the command is in plural form because Jesus is speaking to the two blind men.
9:30	sizx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μηδεὶς γινωσκέτω	1	Here Jesus implies that they should **let no one know** that Jesus was the one who healed them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you let no one know that I healed you” or “you let no one know about what I have done”
9:31	h8hx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what the men actually did in contrast to what Jesus told them to avoid doing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a contrast. Alternate translation: “Despite that,” or “In contrast,”
9:31	jgre		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξελθόντες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out”
9:31	lika		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτὸν	1	The pronoun **it** refers to the story about how Jesus healed the two blind men. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to this story more directly. Alternate translation: “this story” or “how Jesus had healed them”
9:32	nhpy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
9:32	riog		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῶν	1	The pronoun **they** could refer to: (1) the two men whom Jesus had just healed. Alternate translation: “those two men” (2) Jesus and his disciples, who were leaving the house that they had been in. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples”
9:32	utlj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
9:32	u5ca		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	προσήνεγκαν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to unnamed friends of the **demon-possessed man**. It does not refer to the two men who **were going away**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use a word or phrase that refers to unnamed people. Alternate translation: “certain people brought”
9:32	mtbq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῷ	1	The pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “to Jesus”
9:32	sh32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἄνθρωπον κωφὸν δαιμονιζόμενον	1	A **mute** person is a person who cannot speak. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of disorder or illness, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a demon-possessed man who was unable to talk”
9:32	fwpd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄνθρωπον κωφὸν δαιμονιζόμενον	1	Here Matthew implies that the demon made the man **mute**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a man possessed by a demon that made him mute”
9:32	n6fs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἄνθρωπον κωφὸν δαιμονιζόμενον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a mute man whom a demon had possessed”
9:33	dks9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐκβληθέντος τοῦ δαιμονίου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus having cast out the demon”
9:33	qf6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκβληθέντος τοῦ δαιμονίου	1	Here Matthew implies that the demon **had been cast out** of the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the demon having been cast out of the man”
9:33	f9jj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ὁ κωφός	1	A **mute** person is a person who cannot speak. Express the idea as you did in [9:32](../09/32.md). Alternate translation: “the man who was unable to talk”
9:33	v5c2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
9:33	y4l5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐδέποτε ἐφάνη οὕτως	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one has ever seen anything such as this”
9:34	tcop		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what **the Pharisees** say in contrast to what the crowds said ([9:33](../09/33.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word that introduces a contrast. Alternate translation: “In contrast,”
9:34	yahs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων	1	Here the Pharisees mean that Jesus has power from **the ruler of the demons** to cast out demons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “By the power of the ruler of the demons” or “As he is empowered by the ruler of the demons”
9:34	z2r7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων	1	The phrase **the ruler of the demons** refers to the devil, that is, Satan. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Satan, the ruler of the demons,”
9:35	z130		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	1	Here, the word **And** introduces a summary of what Jesus normally did during this time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of summary, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “During this time,”
9:35	x9ck		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰς πόλεις πάσας καὶ τὰς κώμας	1	Here Matthew is referring to **all the cities and the villages** in a specific area. He may mean the region of Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that these **cities** and **villages** are in a specific region. Alternate translation: “all the cities and the villages of that region”
9:35	uz5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας	1	Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe a gospel that is about the kingdom. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md). Alternate translation: “the gospel concerning the kingdom”
9:35	gfyq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν	1	Here, the phrase every disease and every sickness represents people with these diseases and sicknesses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md). Alternate translation: “every diseased person and every sick person”
9:35	e7at		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν	1	The terms **every disease** and **every sickness** mean similar things. Matthew is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md). Alternate translation: “every ailment” or “every sickness”
9:35	gl9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν	1	Matthew says **every** here as a generalization to emphasize how Jesus healed many different kinds of **disease** and **sickness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md). Alternate translation: “many kinds of diseases and many kinds of sicknesses”
9:36	pfx9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
9:36	k4h3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἰδὼν & τοὺς ὄχλους, ἐσπλαγχνίσθη περὶ αὐτῶν, ὅτι ἦσαν ἐσκυλμένοι καὶ ἐριμμένοι, ὡσεὶ πρόβατα μὴ ἔχοντα ποιμένα	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could include the reason why Jesus **felt compassion** before stating that he felt that way. Alternate translation: “he saw that the crowds were troubled and discouraged, like sheep not having a shepherd. So, he felt compassion for them”
9:36	l1r7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐσπλαγχνίσθη περὶ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **compassion**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “he sympathized with”
9:36	u78p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἦσαν ἐσκυλμένοι καὶ ἐριμμένοι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they were experiencing trouble and discouragement” or “things were troubling and discouraging them”
9:36	t47i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὡσεὶ πρόβατα μὴ ἔχοντα ποιμένα	1	Here Matthew compares **the crowds** to **sheep** who do not have a **shepherd**. Just as **sheep** without a **shepherd** have no one to lead and take care of them, so **the crowds** have no one to lead and take care of them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning of the simile more explicitly. Alternate translation: “and, like sheep without a shepherd, they did not know what to do or where to go”
9:37	al89		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
9:37	mur4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ὁ μὲν θερισμὸς πολύς, οἱ δὲ ἐργάται ὀλίγοι	1	Here Jesus speaks of people who will believe as if they were a **harvest**, and he speaks of those who proclaim the good news as if they were **laborers** who help with the **harvest**. He means that there are many people who are ready to believe, but there are only a few people proclaiming the good news. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “There are many people who will believe in me, but only a few people are proclaiming the good news. It is as if there were a plentiful harvest but only a few laborers”
9:38	edhu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	δεήθητε	1	Here, the command is in plural form because Jesus is speaking to his disciples.
9:38	q7j7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	τοῦ Κυρίου τοῦ θερισμοῦ, ὅπως ἐκβάλῃ ἐργάτας εἰς τὸν θερισμὸν αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus continues to speak of people who will believe as if they were a **harvest** and of those who proclaim the good news as if they were **laborers** who help with the **harvest**. He also describes God as **the Lord of the harvest**. He means that the disciples should ask God to send more people to proclaim the good news to others. Express the idea as you did in [9:37](../09/37.md). Alternate translation: “the Lord, who is like the person in charge of the harvest, to send out more people who will proclaim the good news. These people are like the laborers for the harvest.”
9:38	vz8y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τοῦ Κυρίου τοῦ θερισμοῦ	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe God as the one who is **the Lord** who is in charge of **the harvest**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the Lord, who is in charge of the harvest”
9:38	kxbr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	τοῦ θερισμοῦ, ὅπως ἐκβάλῃ ἐργάτας εἰς τὸν θερισμὸν αὐτοῦ	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “of the harvest, ‘Please send out laborers into your harvest.’”
10:intro	m5iu				0	# Matthew 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n4. Jesus teaches about mission and the kingdom (9:35–10:42)\n      * The 12 disciples (10:1–4)\n      * Instructions about behavior and travel (10:5–15)\n      * Teaching on persecution (10:16–39)\n        * Expecting persecution (10:16–23)\n        * Motivation to persevere (10:24–33)\n        * Purpose during persecution (10:34–39)\n      * How to treat fellow disciples (10:40–42)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Jesus’ instructions on how to travel\n\nJesus instructs the disciples not to bring money, sandals, staff, or extra clothing with them when they travel and preach the good news. Instead, he wants the disciples to rely on the hospitality of people they visit. So, he instructs to find someone who is “worthy” to host them, and he tells them to stay at that person’s house until they leave the area. Make sure that your translation indicates that the disciples should not back money or extra clothing because they will be staying with people who welcome them and their message.\n\n### The coming of the Son of Man\n\nIn [10:23](../10/23.md), Jesus tells the disciples that they will not complete their work in the towns of Israel before “the Son of Man comes.” Jesus often uses the phrase “Son of Man” to refer to himself as an important representative of God. In this verse, it is not clear what it means for this important figure, Jesus himself, to “come.” Christians have understood this “coming” in several ways:\n\n1. it could describe Jesus’ second coming, but it seems like the disciples probably did finish their work in the towns of Israel before Jesus’ second coming.\n2. it could describe the time when the Romans destroyed Jerusalem, which was Jesus “coming” to judge and punish.\n3. it could describe Jesus’ ascension to be enthroned in heaven. In this case, “coming” refers going into heaven, not coming to earth.\n4. it could describe Jesus’ appearances to the disciples after his resurrection.\n\nSince Christians have understood this verse in at least these different ways, if possible your translation should allow for all these options. See the notes on [10:23](../10/23.md) for translation options.\n\n### Persecution and conflict\n\nThroughout this chapter, Jesus speaks about the persecutions and troubles his disciples will face, even from members of their own families. He motivates them to persevere during these persecutions and troubles in several ways. First, he reminds them that people persecute him, and so they will definitely persecute his disciples. That means that persecution is a sign that the disciples are following Jesus. Second, he encourages them that God knows and cares about them and their suffering. Third, he tells them that God will show them what to say when people are accusing them. In the end, Jesus wants to teach his disciples to expect persecution, how to think about it, and how to persevere during it.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### The 12 disciples\n\nThe following are the lists of the 12 disciples in Matthew, Mark, and Luke:\n\nIn [Matthew 10:2–4](../mat/10/02.md):\n\nSimon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot.\n\nIn [Mark 3:16–19](../mrk/03/16.md):\n\nSimon (Peter), James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot.\n\nIn [Luke 6:14–16](../luk/06/14.md):\n\nSimon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, Judas son of James, and Judas Iscariot.\n\nThese lists do not always follow the same order or use the same names for the disciples. In that culture, people often had two or three names. For example, it is likely that that Thaddaeus was also named Judas or Jude. So, do not harmonize these lists by using the same sequence or names in each case. You should translate Matthew’s list as Matthew presents it.\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nIn this chapter, Jesus is giving instructions to the 12 disciples. Because of that, all forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
10:1	nhp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	καὶ	1	Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,”
10:1	xr7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	τοὺς δώδεκα μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ	1	Since Matthew will list who these **12 disciples** are in the following verse, you do not need to explain in this verse who they are. However, you could clarify that these are the **12** closest or most important disciples. Matthew does not mean that Jesus only had 12 disciples. Alternate translation: “his 12 closest disciples” or “his 12 most important disciples”
10:1	x1er		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “he empowered them to control unclean spirits”
10:1	amlq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν	1	Here, the phrase **every disease and every sickness** represents people with these diseases and sicknesses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md). Alternate translation: “every diseased person and every sick person”
10:1	tjq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν	1	The terms **every disease** and **every sickness** mean similar things. Matthew is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md). Alternate translation: “every ailment” or “every sickness”
10:1	m9i1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πᾶσαν νόσον καὶ πᾶσαν μαλακίαν	1	Matthew says **every** here as a generalization to emphasize how Jesus healed many different kinds of **disease** and **sickness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. See how you translated the similar phrase in [4:23](../04/23.md). Alternate translation: “many kinds of diseases and many kinds of sicknesses”
10:2	t59v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	τῶν δὲ δώδεκα ἀποστόλων τὰ ὀνόματά	1	Matthews uses the word **Now** to introduce background information that will help readers understand who the 12 disciples were. The word does not introduce another event in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “As for these 12 apostles, their names”
10:2	sc7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	πρῶτος	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “one”
10:2	cuas		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	πρῶτος	1	Here Matthew introduces the first item in the list with the word **first**, but then he does not number any other items in the list. If it would be unnatural in your language to number the first item in a list but then omit other numbers, you could use another form that introduces the first item in a list, or you could leave **first** untranslated. Alternate translation: “at the beginning”
10:2	u0ck		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ λεγόμενος Πέτρος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose other name was Peter”
10:2	tg2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ	1	Matthew never says whether **Simon** or **Andrew** was older, but he mentions **Simon** first, which could imply that he was the older brother. If you have to use a form that refers to an older or younger brother, you could state that **Andrew** was younger. Alternate translation: “his younger brother”
10:2	j4mr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ	2	Matthew never says whether **James** or **John** was older, but he mentions **James** first, which could imply that he was the older brother. If you have to use a form that refers to an older or younger brother, you could state that **John** was younger. Alternate translation: “his younger brother”
10:3	nry4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Θαδδαῖος	1	The word **Thaddaeus** is the name of a man.
10:4	n4st		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	ὁ Καναναῖος	1	**Cananaios** is a word borrowed from Aramaic that describes someone as a “zealot,” that is, someone who is very zealous about something. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. If you borrow the word, you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. If you translate the word’s meaning, **Cananaios** could be: (1) a title that indicates that this man was part of the group of people who wanted to free the Jewish people from Roman rule. Alternate translation: “the Patriot” (2) a description that indicates that this man was zealous for God to be honored. Alternate translation: “the Passionate One”
10:4	kmp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background	ὁ καὶ παραδοὺς αὐτόν	1	Matthew writes **having even betrayed him** to provide some extra information about what Judas did to Jesus later. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “who would later also betray him”
10:4	xao6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτόν	1	The pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Jesus”
10:5	sn9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	τούτους τοὺς δώδεκα ἀπέστειλεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς παραγγείλας αὐτοῖς λέγων	1	Here Matthew narrates how Jesus **sent out** the disciples before he narrates what Jesus **instructed them** to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the order of events more explicit. Alternate translation: “When Jesus was about to send the twelve out, he instructed them, saying”
10:5	c46d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τοὺς δώδεκα	1	Matthew is using the adjective **twelve** as a noun to mean twelve men. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “twelve men”
10:5	yix4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	ἀπέστειλεν	1	Matthew does not clarify here what Jesus **sent** them **out** to do. However, in the instructions from Jesus in the following verses, Jesus makes it clear what he has sent them out to do. So, you do not need to include any implicit information here.
10:5	vgn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	παραγγείλας αὐτοῖς λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “having instructed them with these words:”
10:5	qhw0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	εἰς ὁδὸν ἐθνῶν	1	Here Jesus means that the **twelve** disciples should not travel to any area where **Gentiles** live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to Gentile regions”
10:5	at2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	εἰς πόλιν	1	The word **city** represents cities in general, not one particular city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “into any city”
10:6	oxi3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with what Jesus tells the disciples not to do in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Rather,”
10:6	xbzc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ	1	Here, Jesus could be using the possessive form to describe: (1) all of **the house of Israel** as **lost sheep**. Alternate translation: “the lost sheep, who are the house of Israel” (2) some of **the house of Israel** as **lost sheep**. Alternate translation: “the lost sheep among the house of Israel”
10:6	q1pb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ	1	Here Jesus speaks of his fellow Jewish people as if they were **lost sheep**. He means that they are not following God and need help. This is an important metaphor in the Bible, so you could preserve the figure of speech or use simile form. Alternate translation: “the house of Israel, who are like lost sheep” or “the house of Israel, who are far away from God, like lost sheep”
10:6	b6i2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἴκου Ἰσραήλ	1	Here Matthew refers to a people group or nation as if it were a **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of the nation of Israel” or “of the Israelites”
10:7	xbp0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next section of the instructions that Jesus is giving to his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next section, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
10:7	daib		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	κηρύσσετε λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “preach this:”
10:7	l39i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγοντες, ὅτι ἤγγικεν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that the kingdom of the heavens has come near.”
10:7	w59i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἤγγικεν	1	Here Matthew uses this phrase in the sense of **near** in time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. See how you translated the similar phrase in [3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “is about to begin” or “is about to happen”\n
10:8	trl0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἀσθενοῦντας & νεκροὺς	1	Matthew is using the adjectives **sick** and **dead** as nouns to mean people who are sick and dead. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “sick people … dead people”
10:8	bb4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	νεκροὺς ἐγείρετε	1	Here, the phrase **raise the dead** refers to causing someone who has died to become alive again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “cause the dead to live again”
10:8	ggor		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λεπροὺς καθαρίζετε	1	Jesus commands the disciples to ceremonially **cleanse the lepers**, but he implies that he wants them to heal people of skin diseases, since they are what make **lepers** unclean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “heal lepers from their unclean diseases”
10:8	ilj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δωρεὰν ἐλάβετε, δωρεὰν δότε	1	Here Jesus means that he has given things to them **Freely**, and so they should also give to others **freely**. The things that they have received and should give could be: (1) the power and authority to preach, heal, and cast out demons. Alternate translation: “Freely you have received power from me; freely use that power for others” (2) help and blessings from God. Alternate translation: “Freely you have received help from God; freely give help to other people”\n
10:9	kufl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μὴ κτήσησθε	1	Here, the word **acquire** refers to getting and packing things to take on a trip. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Do not take with you”
10:9	a4xx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	χρυσὸν, μηδὲ ἄργυρον, μηδὲ χαλκὸν	1	Here, the words **gold**, **silver**, and **copper** refer to various coins made out of these metals. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly or use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “gold coins or silver coins or copper coins” or “any amount of money”
10:9	sb72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	χαλκὸν	1	The word **copper** refers to a brown metal that is less valuable than **gold** or **silver**. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of metal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “bronze” or “less valuable metal”
10:9	b4m7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	εἰς τὰς ζώνας ὑμῶν	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would often wrap their money up in long strips of cloth and then tie them around their waists as **belts**. This was a way to keep the money safe while the people were traveling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “in your money bag” or “to have with you as you travel”
10:10	kia9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	πήραν	1	The term **bag** means something a traveler would use to carry things that were needed on a journey. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of container, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a knapsack”
10:10	mtqc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁδὸν	1	Here, **road** represents a journey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the journey”
10:10	i2ex		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δύο χιτῶνας	1	Here Jesus implies that they should bring only one tunic instead of **two**. In other words, they should not bring an extra one in case they needed it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a second tunic” or “a spare tunic”
10:10	qna0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὑποδήματα	1	Here Jesus could mean that the disciples should: (1) not wear anything on their feet but instead go barefoot. Alternate translation: “shoes” or “footwear” (2) not bring an extra pair of **sandals**. Alternate translation: “” “extra sandals”
10:10	yeem		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why the disciples should not take any of these things with them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “because” or “since”
10:10	m97h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	ἄξιος & ὁ ἐργάτης τῆς τροφῆς αὐτοῦ	1	Here, Jesus uses or invents a proverb in order to teach that each **laborer** desires to receive **food**. He applies this to the disciples, who are serving others and so deserve to receive what they need to live. Translate this proverb in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “workers deserve food” or “those who work should be given what they need”
10:10	k3rb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	τῆς τροφῆς αὐτοῦ	1	Jesus is using **food** to represent what people need to live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of what he needs to live”
10:10	nu98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτοῦ	1	Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her”
10:11	ymff		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δ’	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next section of the instructions that Jesus is giving to his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next section, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
10:11	mji7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τίς & ἄξιός ἐστιν	1	Here Jesus does not state in what way this person is **worthy**. He could mean: (1) that the person is hospitable and willing to host the disciples. Alternate translation: “someone who is hospitable to you” (2) that the person listens to and believes the disciples’ message. Alternate translation: “someone who believes your message”
10:11	s2wa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἐν αὐτῇ	1	The pronoun **it** refers to the **city** or **village** that the disciples have entered. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to those places more directly. Alternate translation: “in that city or village”
10:11	a41d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κἀκεῖ μείνατε	1	Here, the word **there** refers to the **worthy** person’s house. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “and stay at his or her house”
10:11	o1op		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕως ἂν ἐξέλθητε	1	Here Jesus implies that they are leaving the **city or village** that they had entered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “until you go out from that city or village”
10:12	bhsd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces further clarifications about how to stay in people’s houses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces further clarifications or instructions, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “More specifically,”
10:12	j8kp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν οἰκίαν	1	Here, the phrase **the house** refers to the home of the “worthy” person whom Jesus mentioned in the previous verse ([10:11](../10/11.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “that house” or “the worthy person’s house”
10:12	oiwm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀσπάσασθε αὐτήν	1	Here Jesus implies that the greeting includes a peace blessing (see [10:13](../10/13.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “greet it with a blessing” or “greet it and wish for its peace”
10:12	n6cm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	αὐτήν	1	Here Jesus refers to the house to speak about the people who live in the house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “its family” or “those who are in it”
10:13	kc9m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ᾖ ἡ οἰκία & αὐτήν & ᾖ	1	Here, just as in [10:12](../10/12.md), Jesus refers to the **house** to speak about the people who live in the house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the house’s family is … it … it is” or “those who are in the house are … them … they are”
10:13	k331		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ᾖ & ἀξία & μὴ ᾖ ἀξία	1	Here, just as in [10:11](../10/11.md), Jesus does not state in what way the **house** is **worthy** or **not worthy**. He could mean: (1) that the **house** is hospitable and willing to host the disciples. Alternate translation: “is hospitable to you … is not hospitable to you” (2) that the **house** listens to and believes the disciples’ message. Alternate translation: “believes your message … does not believe your message”
10:13	ykyb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐλθάτω ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν ἐπ’ αὐτήν & ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐπιστραφήτω	1	Here Jesus speaks as if the **peace** were an object that could **come upon** someone or **be returned** to someone. He means that the **peace** that the disciples asked God to give to **the house** will either happen or not happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “let it experience your peace … let it not experience your peace” or “let the peace you wished for it happen … let the peace you wished for not happen”
10:13	rssb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	ἐλθάτω ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν ἐπ’ αὐτήν & ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐπιστραφήτω	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you peace will come upon it … your peace will be returned to you” or “send your peace upon it … take your peace back to you”
10:13	lzmq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν & ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is peaceful … what is peaceful”
10:13	ns50		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἡ εἰρήνη ὑμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐπιστραφήτω	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let your peace come back to you” or “take your peace back to you”
10:14	wpjk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἐκτινάξατε τὸν κονιορτὸν τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν	1	This action was an expression of strong rejection in this culture. It showed that someone did not want even the **dust** of a house or city to remain on them. If there is a similar gesture in your culture, you could consider referring to it here, or you could explain the meaning of the action. Alternate translation: “wash the dirt of that place off your hands” or “shake off the dust from your feet to sever your relationship with that place”
10:15	yxum			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
10:15	sg3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	γῇ Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρων & τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ	1	Here Jesus refers to cities to speak about the people who live in those cities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah … for the people who live in that city”
10:15	p8t4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	γῇ Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρων	1	In Jesus’ culture, people knew that **Sodom** and **Gomorrah** were cities where many wicked people had lived. God punished these people harshly. You can read about what happened in [Genesis 19:1–29](../gen/19/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “for the evil land of Sodom and Gomorrah”
10:15	gk7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **day** on which **judgment** will happen. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “on the day when God judges everyone”
10:15	pr81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κρίσεως	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when people are judged”
10:15	zmm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ	1	Here, **that city** is referring to any city that does not welcome or listen to Jesus’ disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “for any city that does not welcome you or listen to you”
10:16	v480		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “Picture this:” or “Consider this:”
10:16	b262		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὡς πρόβατα ἐν μέσῳ λύκων	1	Here Jesus compares his disciples to **sheep**, which are defenseless and not dangerous. He compares people who want to harm them to **wolves**, which are dangerous and like to kill and eat sheep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the simile or use more general expressions for the animals. Alternate translation: “as sheep in the midst of wolves, since some people will want to harm you” or “as harmless animals that will encounter a group of predators”
10:16	s21a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις	1	Here Jesus wants his disciples to be like **serpents**, which were considered **wise** in Jesus’ culture. If **serpents** are not considered **wise** in your culture, you may need to express the idea without the simile form. In this context, the phrase **wise as the serpents** could mean that the disciples should be: (1) clever or shrewd. Alternate translation: “shrewd” (2) watchful. Alternate translation: “watchful” or “careful”\n
10:16	ekrp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ἀκέραιοι ὡς αἱ περιστεραί	1	Here Jesus wants his disciples to be like **doves**, which were considered **harmless** in Jesus’ culture. If **doves** are not considered **harmless** in your culture, you may need to express the idea without the simile form. In this context, the phrase **harmless as the doves** could mean that the disciples should be: (1) innocent. Alternate translation: “guileless” or “without guilt” (2) gentle. Alternate translation: “gentle” or “kind”
10:17	kmt2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a development of what Jesus said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a development, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,”
10:17	uj1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Here Jesus is referring to **men** in general, some of whom will persecute and harm the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “others” or “people”\n
10:17	ectt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the men and women” or “the humans”
10:17	u206		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why the disciples should **beware of the men**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “because” or “since”
10:17	fct4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	παραδώσουσιν & ὑμᾶς εἰς	1	Here, the phrase **hand you over** refers to putting someone under the authority and control of other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will make you stand before” or “they will bring you before”\n
10:18	v2io		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀχθήσεσθε	1	Here, the phrase **you will be brought** refers to being arrested and accused before someone in authority. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you will be seized and put on trial”
10:18	pe3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀχθήσεσθε	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “they will bring you”
10:18	p74k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ	1	Here Jesus means that these things will happen because the disciples are connected with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because of me” or “because you follow me”
10:18	rqda		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς μαρτύριον	1	Here, the phrase **for a testimony** could introduce: (1) the purpose for which God allows the disciples to **be brought before governors and kings**. Alternate translation: “and that way you can give testimony” (2) the result of the disciples being **brought before governors and kings**. Alternate translation: “and as a result you will give testimony”
10:18	csb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰς μαρτύριον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimony**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation matches the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “which will happen so that you can testify” or “and as a result you will testify”
10:18	fwil		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** could refer to: (1) the **governors** and **kings**. Alternate translation: “to these authorities” (2) the people who **brought** them before the governors and kings. Alternate translation: “to your accusers”
10:19	omw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a development of what Jesus said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a development, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”
10:19	e5t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	παραδῶσιν ὑμᾶς	1	Here, the pronoun **they** refers to any person who hands the disciples over. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to any person. Alternate translation: “somebody hands you over” or “anyone hands you over”
10:19	un80		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	παραδῶσιν ὑμᾶς	1	Here, the phrase **hand you over** refers to putting someone under the authority and control of other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they seize you” or “they will bring you before the authorities”
10:19	ien3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λαλήσητε	1	Here Jesus implies that the disciples will be required to speak in their defense after people **hand** them **over**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you will speak when they accuse you” or “you will speak in your defense”
10:19	l7rb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δοθήσεται & ὑμῖν & τί λαλήσητε	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will give to you what you will say”
10:19	cm7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ	1	Here, the phrase **in that hour** refers to the time during which they **will speak**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at that moment”
10:20	vjlm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the disciples can be confident that they will be given what to say (see [10:19](../10/19.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “You can be confident because” or “Do not be anxious, since”
10:20	ilc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐ & ὑμεῖς ἐστε οἱ λαλοῦντες, ἀλλὰ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ὑμῖν	1	Here Jesus means that they will not say whatever they think but will instead say what the **Spirit** reveals to them. He does not mean that the **Spirit** will use their bodies to project his voice. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you are not speaking your own words, but the words you speak come from the Spirit of your Father”
10:20	v9tm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν	1	Here, the phrase **the Spirit of your Father** refers to the Holy Spirit, whom the **Father** sends. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit, sent by your Father,”
10:20	k3xr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν	1	**Father** is an important title for the first person in the Trinity. He is the Father also of Jesus.
10:20	zxd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν τὸ λαλοῦν	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “of your Father is the one speaking”
10:21	kasg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	παραδώσει & ἀδελφὸν εἰς θάνατον	1	Here, the phrase **hand over** refers to putting someone under the authority and control of other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will seize brother to cause his death” or “will bring brother before the authorities to cause his death”
10:21	lh6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰς θάνατον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be killed”
10:21	p8w9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	πατὴρ τέκνον	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “a father will hand over his child to death”
10:21	j5jl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐπαναστήσονται & ἐπὶ	1	Here, the phrase **rise up against** refers to rebelling against an authority. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will defy”
10:21	jdp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	θανατώσουσιν αὐτούς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “cause them to die”
10:22	sp6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all will hate you”
10:22	wc5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πάντων	1	Matthew is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean all people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “all people” or “everyone”
10:22	c7jk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πάντων	1	Jesus says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “most people”
10:22	n3xn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου	1	Here, **name** represents the person whose name it is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because of me”
10:22	k5w9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	ὁ & ὑπομείνας	1	Jesus is speaking of anyone who endures, not of one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “anyone who endures”
10:22	l7n5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς τέλος	1	Here, the phrase **the end** could refer to: (1) the time when the persecution of the person who is enduring ceases. Alternate translation: “to the end of the persecution” (2) the time when Jesus comes back. Alternate translation: “until when I return” (3) the person’s death. Alternate translation: “until he dies”
10:22	qn7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὗτος σωθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will save this one”
10:23	osa2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	διώκωσιν	1	Here, the pronoun **they** refers to any person who persecutes the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to any person. Alternate translation: “somebody persecutes” or “anyone persecutes”
10:23	m42z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ	1	The phrase **this city** represents any specific city, not the city where Jesus currently is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in a city”
10:23	jjd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τὴν ἑτέραν	1	Matthew is using the adjective **next** as a noun to mean the next city. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the next city”
10:23	z42k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the disciples should quickly go from one city to the next. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a command, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “because” or “which you should do because”
10:23	abz3			ἀμὴν, & λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
10:23	kj2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐ μὴ τελέσητε	1	Here Jesus means that they will not **finish** preaching the good news in **the cities of Israel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you will certainly not finish preaching in” or “you will certainly not finish working in”
10:23	x7jp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ	1	The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means”
10:23	hqpp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Here, Christians disagree on what the clause **the Son of Man comes** refers to. It could describe Jesus’ second coming; the time when the Romans destroyed Jerusalem, which was Jesus coming to judge and punish; Jesus’ ascension to be enthroned in heaven; or Jesus’ appearances to the disciples after his resurrection; or several other events. If possible, express the idea here in such a way that all of these options are possible. Alternate translation: “before the Son of Man comes again” or “before the coming of the Son of Man”
10:23	dk4u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ἔλθῃ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, come”
10:23	tm8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
10:24	p8mr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	οὐκ ἔστιν μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον, οὐδὲ δοῦλος ὑπὲρ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ	1	Here, Jesus uses or invents a proverb in order to teach that no **disciple** is above his or her **teacher**, and no **slave** is above his or her **master**. He applies this proverb to his disciples to show them that people will not treat them any better than they treated Jesus. Translate this proverb in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “Disciples are not above their teachers, and slaves are not above their masters” or “No disciple is above his teacher. No slave is above his master”
10:24	ig4o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὑπὲρ	-1	Here, Jesus is speaking of people who have more honor and importance than others as if they were **above** the others. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a comparable word or phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “more honorable than … more honorable than” or “more significant than … more significant than”
10:24	l7eg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τὸν & αὐτοῦ	1	Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her … his or her”
10:24	syb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὐδὲ δοῦλος	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “nor is a slave”
10:25	r5ll		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	ἀρκετὸν τῷ μαθητῇ ἵνα γένηται ὡς ὁ διδάσκαλος αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὁ δοῦλος ὡς ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ.	1	Here, Jesus continues to develop the proverb that he used in the previous verse ([10:24](../10/24.md)) to teach that each **disciple** and **slave** should be content to **be like** their **teacher** or **master**. He applies this proverb to his disciples to show them that they should be content to be like Jesus. Translate this proverb in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “Disciples should be content to be like their teachers, and slaves should be content to be like their masters” or “This is sufficient: the disciple is to be like his teacher, and the slave is to be like his master”
10:25	f9yd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀρκετὸν τῷ μαθητῇ ἵνα γένηται ὡς ὁ διδάσκαλος αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **It is enough** indicates that something is sufficient or satisfying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the disciple should be satisfied to be like his teacher”
10:25	a49b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τῷ μαθητῇ & ὁ δοῦλος	1	The phrases **the disciple** and **the slave** represent any disciples or slave, not one particular disciple or slave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for any disciple … any slave”
10:25	x9yg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	γένηται & αὐτοῦ & αὐτοῦ	1	Although the terms **he** and **his** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “he or she might be … his or her … his or her”
10:25	zi4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ ὁ δοῦλος	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and it is enough for the slave that he might be”
10:25	du8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰ τὸν οἰκοδεσπότην Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐπεκάλεσαν, πόσῳ μᾶλλον τοὺς οἰκιακοὺς αὐτοῦ?	1	Here Jesus applies the proverb more directly to himself and his disciples. He speaks of himself as **the master of the house** and his disciples as **the members of his household**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or include the meaning of the figure of speech. Alternate translation: “I am like the master of the house, and you are like the members of my household. If they called the master of the house Beelzebul, how much worse the members of his household” or “If they called me, the master of the house, Beelzebul, how much worse you, the members of the household”
10:25	pu5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact	εἰ	1	Jesus speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but he means that it is true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Jesus is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Given that” or “Because”
10:25	sj3w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἐπεκάλεσαν	1	Here, the pronoun **they** refers to any person who called Jesus **Beelzebul**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to any person who does that. Alternate translation: “some people called” or “his enemies called”
10:25	y5md		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	πόσῳ μᾶλλον	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “how much worse names will they call”
10:25	mhjn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτοῦ	3	Since Jesus applies this proverb in such a way that he is the **master of the house**, the word **his** refers most specifically to Jesus. Jesus is not using the word generically here. Preserve the reference to a specific man. Alternate translation: “the master’s”
10:26	v8wb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτούς	1	Here, the pronoun **them** refers to the people mentioned in the previous verse who called the master of the house and his household names. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea as you did in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “that kind of person” or “those enemies”
10:26	taoq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	Here, the word **for** introduces a reason why the disciples should **fear them**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “since”
10:26	cnzb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	οὐδὲν & ἐστιν κεκαλυμμένον ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται, καὶ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται	1	Here, Jesus uses or invents a proverb in order to teach that things that appear to be **concealed** or **hidden** will eventually be **revealed** or **made known**. Translate this proverb in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Jesus could be applying this proverb: (1) to things that people do in secret to hurt or harm his disciples, things that will be made known to everyone. Alternate translation: “everything that people conceal will be revealed, and everything that people hide will be made known” (2) to the gospel message, that was or is concealed but that will be made known to everyone. Alternate translation: “the message that is concealed will be revealed, and the message that is hidden will be made known”\n
10:26	x4o8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	οὐδὲν & ἐστιν κεκαλυμμένον ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται, καὶ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could combine the two clauses into one. Alternate translation: “there is nothing concealed that will not be revealed; yes, there is nothing hidden that will not be made known” or “there is nothing hidden that will not be revealed”
10:26	xqs4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐδὲν & ἐστιν κεκαλυμμένον ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται, καὶ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could use positive expressions to translate these double negatives that consist of the negative word **nothing**, which is implied in the second clause, and the negative particle **not**. Alternate translation: “everything that is concealed will be revealed, and everything that is hidden will be made known”
10:26	j86e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐδὲν & ἐστιν κεκαλυμμένον ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται, καὶ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ γνωσθήσεται	1	If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, Jesus could be implying: (1) that people do the concealing and hiding and God does the revealing and making known. This fits with the view that the proverb refers to how people persecute the disciples. Alternate translation: “there is nothing that people conceal that God will not reveal, and there is nothing that people hide that God will not make known” (2) that God does both the concealing and hiding and the revealing and making known. This fits with the view that the proverb refers to preaching the gospel. Alternate translation: “there is nothing that God has concealed that he will not reveal, and there is nothing that God has hidden that he will not make known”
10:27	fa1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ὃ λέγω ὑμῖν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, εἴπατε ἐν τῷ φωτί; καὶ ὃ εἰς τὸ οὖς ἀκούετε, κηρύξατε ἐπὶ τῶν δωμάτων	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “What I tell you in the darkness, say in the light. Again, what you hear in your ear, proclaim upon the housetops”
10:27	kw75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ	1	Jesus uses the image of **darkness** to represent the idea of concealment or secrecy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “secretly”
10:27	rw53		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ σκοτίᾳ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **darkness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in a dark place”
10:27	kih1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐν τῷ φωτί	1	Jesus uses the image of **light** to represent the idea of no concealment or secrecy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “openly”
10:27	fc49		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ὃ εἰς τὸ οὖς ἀκούετε	1	Here, the phrase **what you hear in your ear** refers to something that a person told **you** quietly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what is whispered to you” or “what I say privately to you”
10:27	v1b7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἐπὶ τῶν δωμάτων	1	Houses in Israel had flat roofs that were reached by stairs or ladders, so people could easily go up and stand on top of them. If houses are different in your culture and you think your readers might wonder how people would get up onto housetops and stand there, you could translate this with a general expression. Alternate translation: “from a high place from which everyone will be able to hear”
10:28	l2uy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῶν ἀποκτεννόντων	1	Here, the phrase **the ones** refers to humans in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “humans, the ones killing”
10:28	c4nu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ σῶμα, τὴν & ψυχὴν & καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα	1	Here, Jesus uses the words **body** and **soul** to distinguish between the physical and non-physical parts of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use words that describe the physical and non-physical parts of a person, or you could use more general expressions. Alternate translation: “your physical parts … your non-physical parts … both your physical and non-physical parts”
10:28	pk7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	2	Matthew contrasts fear of people with with fear of God by using the phrase **But instead**. People are only able to kill our physical bodies, but God is ** the one being able** to destroy both our physical bodies and our spiritual souls. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a contrast. Alternate translation: “But rather”
10:28	x3y1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν δυνάμενον	1	Here, the phrase **the one** refers to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “God, who is able”
10:28	w5rq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Γεέννῃ	1	Here Jesus uses the name **Gehenna** to refer to hell. The valley named **Gehenna** was outside the city of Jerusalem and was a place where people threw out and burned garbage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this name in [5:22](../05/22.md). Alternate translation: “a place like the valley of Gehenna” or “hell, which is like Gehenna”
10:29	tm3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	οὐχὶ δύο στρουθία ἀσσαρίου πωλεῖται? καὶ ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐ πεσεῖται ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, ἄνευ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν	1	Jesus applies what he says here about **sparrows** to his disciples in [10:31](../10/31.md). So, you do not need to include any implied information in this verse.
10:29	glbl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ δύο στρουθία ἀσσαρίου πωλεῖται?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show the disciples how inexpensive **sparrows** are. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Two sparrows are sold for an assarion.” or “You know that two sparrows are sold for an assarion!”
10:29	zayd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐχὶ δύο στρουθία ἀσσαρίου πωλεῖται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do people not sell two sparrows for an assarion”
10:29	q22l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	στρουθία	1	The word **sparrows** refers to small, seed-eating birds. If your readers would not know what sparrows are, you could use a general expression instead. Alternate translation: “small birds”
10:29	i399		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	ἀσσαρίου	1	An **assarion** was a small copper coin equivalent to about half an hour’s wage. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “for a small copper coin” or “for half an hour’s wage”
10:29	wxt4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐ πεσεῖται ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, ἄνευ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative phrase **apart from**. Alternate translation: “each one of them falls to ground in the presence of your Father”
10:29	id3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	πεσεῖται ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν	1	Here, the phrase **fall to the ground** refers politely to the sparrow dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could a form that politely refers to an animal dying, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will pass away” or “will perish”
10:29	us0e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄνευ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν	1	Here, the phrase **apart from your Father** could indicate that something happens: (1) without the Father’s knowledge. Alternate translation: “apart from the knowledge of your Father” (2) without the Father’s will. Alternate translation: “apart from the will of your Father” (3) without the Father’s care or interest. Alternate translation: “apart from the care of your Father”
10:29	fe8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God, who is your Father,”
10:30	s07o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a new but related idea. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a new but related idea, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Further,” or “In fact,”
10:30	e2jc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὑμῶν & καὶ αἱ τρίχες τῆς κεφαλῆς πᾶσαι ἠριθμημέναι εἰσίν	1	Here Jesus implies that God knows everything about the disciples, including how many **hairs** each disciple has on his or her **head**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “God knows everything about, including the number of all the hairs on your head” or “God knows so much about you that even the hairs of your head are all numbered”
10:30	cih3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὑμῶν & καὶ αἱ τρίχες τῆς κεφαλῆς πᾶσαι ἠριθμημέναι εἰσίν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God has counted even all the hairs on your head”
10:30	jjhh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	ὑμῶν & τῆς κεφαλῆς	1	Here, the word **head** is a singular noun that refers to the “heads” of many people. It may be more natural in your language to use a plural form. Alternate translation: “of your heads” or “of each of your heads”
10:30	xbp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πᾶσαι ἠριθμημέναι εἰσίν	1	The word **numbered** can also refer to counting. Jesus is not necessarily saying that God has assigned a number to each individual hair on a person’s head. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “have all been counted”
10:31	cwym		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μὴ & φοβεῖσθε; πολλῶν στρουθίων διαφέρετε ὑμεῖς	1	The implication is that if God is aware of and concerned for **sparrows**, which are of less value, then God is certainly aware of and concerned for people, who are of greater value. And so followers of Jesus do not need to be afraid, since God is watching over them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “since you are more valuable than many sparrows, God is certainly even more aware of you and concerned for you, and so you do not need to fear”
10:31	ox7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	στρουθίων	1	Translate this word as you did in [10:29](../10/29.md). Alternate translation: “small birds”
10:32	c1zj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces a conclusion based on what Jesus has said about persecution and following him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a conclusion, or you could leave **Therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In conclusion” or “In the end”
10:32	or3b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁμολογήσει ἐν ἐμοὶ ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Here Jesus implies that the people **confess** that they follow Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “will confess before men that they follow me” or “will confess before men that they believe in me”
10:32	prj9			ἔμπροσθεν	-1	Alternate translation: “in the presence of … in the presence of”
10:32	lo11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “humans”\n
10:32	isvu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁμολογήσω κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	Here Jesus implies that he will **confess** that these people truly do follow him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I will also confess before my Father in the heavens that he follows me” or “I will also confess before my Father in the heavens that he believes in me”
10:32	zxzu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτῷ	1	Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “him or her”
10:32	n1nb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	**Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus his Son.\n
10:32	b8cl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God the **Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”\n
10:33	gc6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὅστις & ἂν ἀρνήσηταί με ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Here Jesus implies that the person **denies** that he or she follows Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “whoever confesses before men that he or she follows me” or “whoever confesses before men that he or she believes in me”
10:33	xm19			ἔμπροσθεν	-1	Alternate translation: “in the presence of … in the presence of”
10:33	d15s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “humans”
10:33	d4yn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀρνήσομαι κἀγὼ αὐτὸν ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	Here Jesus implies that he will **deny** that these people truly do follow him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I will also deny before my Father in the heavens that he follows me” or “I will also deny before my Father in the heavens that he believes in me”
10:33	zhhc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτὸν	1	Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “him or her”
10:33	m8gd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	**Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus his Son.
10:33	p2wm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God the **Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”
10:34	d74z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἦλθον & οὐκ ἦλθον	1	Here, the words **came** and **come** refer to Jesus entering this world as a human to do what God called him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I came to this world … I did not come to this world” or “I am acting … I am not acting”
10:34	shrx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	βαλεῖν εἰρήνην & βαλεῖν εἰρήνην, ἀλλὰ μάχαιραν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to make people get along with one another … to make people get along with one another, but I came to bring a sword”
10:34	l5ad		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν	1	Here, the phrase **upon the earth** refers to the people who live on **the earth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the people of the earth” or “among people”
10:34	uaap		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ μάχαιραν	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “but I came to bring a sword”
10:34	jq6d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	μάχαιραν	1	Here, the word **sword** represents strife or fighting. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “strife” or “conflict”
10:35-36	rg1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἦλθον γὰρ διχάσαι ἄνθρωπον κατὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ θυγατέρα κατὰ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτῆς, καὶ νύμφην κατὰ τῆς πενθερᾶς αὐτῆς & καὶ ἐχθροὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου οἱ οἰκιακοὶ αὐτοῦ	1	In these two verses, Jesus paraphrases or refers to an Old Testament passage, [Micah 7:6](../mic/07/06.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could format these words differently or indicate in a footnote that Jesus is referring to this passage. Alternate translation: “For I came ‘to set a man against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law; and the enemies of a man will be the ones of his household’”
10:35	ec9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of what Jesus said in the previous verse about bringing a “sword”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “Specifically,”
10:35	te1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἦλθον	1	Here, the word **came** refers to Jesus entering this world as a human to do what God called him to do. Express the idea as you did in [10:34](../10/34.md). Alternate translation: “I came to this world” or “I am acting”
10:35	a6jl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διχάσαι	1	Here, the word **set** refers to separating things so that they no longer go together. Jesus means that he will cause family members to quarrel and fight with each other. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to divide” or “to turn”
10:35	d5kb			ἄνθρωπον	1	Alternate translation: “a son”
10:35	xx5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ θυγατέρα κατὰ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτῆς, καὶ νύμφην κατὰ τῆς πενθερᾶς αὐτῆς	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and to set a daughter against her mother, and to set a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law”
10:36	i62f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τοῦ ἀνθρώπου & αὐτοῦ	1	Although the terms **man** and **his** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “of a man or woman … his or her”
10:37	lc9u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ὑπὲρ ἐμὲ	-1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “more than he or she loves me … more than he or she loves me”
10:37	fb3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ ἔστιν μου ἄξιος	-1	Here, the phrase **worthy of me** indicates that the person deserves or is fit to be Jesus’ disciple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “does not deserve to be my disciple … does not deserve to be my disciple”
10:38	tezk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	ὃς οὐ λαμβάνει τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀκολουθεῖ ὀπίσω μου, οὐκ ἔστιν μου ἄξιος	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this sentence that has two negatives. Alternate translation: “whoever is worthy of me takes up his cross and follows after me”
10:38	ye95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐ λαμβάνει τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ	1	Jesus assumes that the disciples will know that the Romans executed some criminals by nailing them to a wooden beam with crossbar that was set upright so that the criminals would slowly suffocate. Jesus also assumes that the disciples will know that the Romans made these criminals carry these wooden crosses through the streets to the place where they were going to be executed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some of this information more explicit. Alternate translation: “does not take up the wooden cross on which he will be executed”
10:38	vq4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὐ λαμβάνει τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus speaks of taking up a **cross** in order to describe people who are ready and willing to suffer and even die because they follow Jesus. Because this figure of speech is connected to how Jesus himself died on a **cross**, if possible you should preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “is not ready to suffer, which is like taking up his cross,” or “does not take up his cross, ready to suffer or die,”
10:38	x390		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτοῦ	1	Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her”
10:38	ai2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ ἔστιν μου ἄξιος	1	See how you translated the phrase **worthy of me** in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “does not deserve to be my disciple”
10:39	pbf3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ εὑρὼν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἀπολέσει αὐτήν; καὶ ὁ ἀπολέσας τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ εὑρήσει αὐτήν	1	Here Jesus speaks of how people’s attitudes toward their current lives affects their eternal lives after they resurrect. He means that those **having found** their current lives **will lose** their eternal, resurrection lives, and that those **having lost** their current lives **will find** their eternal, resurrection lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “The one having found his current life will lose it forever, and the one having lost his current life for my sake will find it forever”
10:39	u4jh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ εὑρὼν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἀπολέσει αὐτήν	1	Here Jesus speaks of trying to preserve one’s **life** as if it were finding it. He speaks of dying as if it were losing one’s **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The one having preserved his life will die”
10:39	ochk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτοῦ	-1	Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her … his or her”
10:39	jwf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ ἀπολέσας τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ εὑρήσει αὐτήν	1	Here Jesus speaks of dying or being willing to die as losing one’s **life**. He speaks of experiencing eternal life as if it were finding one’s **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one having died for my sake will have eternal life”
10:39	jxh5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ	1	When Jesus says **for my sake**, he means that some people will lose their lives because they are his disciples. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because he is my disciple” or “because he believes in me”
10:40	c77e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ δεχόμενος ὑμᾶς ἐμὲ δέχεται	1	Here Jesus speaks as if people who receive the disciples were actually receiving him. He means that these people, by receiving the disciples, show that they would receive Jesus too. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If someone receives you, it is as if he or she received me” or “The one receiving you proves that he or she would receive me”
10:40	y9ck		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ ἐμὲ δεχόμενος δέχεται τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με	1	Here Jesus speaks as if people who receive him were actually receiving God, who sent him. He means that these people, by receiving him, show that they would receive God too. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if someone receives me, it is as if he or she received the one having sent me” or “the one receiving me proves that he or she would receive the one having sent me”
10:40	me6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με	1	Here Jesus implies that **the one having sent** him is God the Father. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “God, who sent me”
10:41	f9pv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	ὁ δεχόμενος προφήτην εἰς ὄνομα προφήτου, μισθὸν προφήτου λήμψεται; καὶ ὁ δεχόμενος δίκαιον εἰς ὄνομα δικαίου, μισθὸν δικαίου λήμψεται	1	Here, Jesus uses or invents two similar proverbs in order to teach that people who help others who are serving God will be rewarded in a fitting way. Translate these proverbs in a way that will be recognized as proverbs and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “If you receive a prophet in the name of a prophet, you will receive the reward of a prophet. If you receive a righteous man in the name of a righteous man, you will receive the reward of a righteous man”
10:41	zgef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	εἰς ὄνομα προφήτου & εἰς ὄνομα δικαίου	1	Here, the phrase **in the name of** indicates that the reason for **receiving** a person is the recognition or knowledge that the person being received is a **prophet** or **righteous {man}**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with the knowledge that he is a prophet … with the knowledge that he is a righteous man” or “because he is a prophet … because he is a righteous man”
10:41	yj1q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	μισθὸν προφήτου & μισθὸν δικαίου	1	Here, Jesus could be using the possessive form to indicate that a person receives: (1) the same **reward** that a **prophet** or **righteous** person receives from God. Alternate translation: “the same reward that a prophet receives … the same reward that a righteous man receives” (2) the **reward** that a **prophet** or **righteous** person gives. Alternate translation: “a reward from a prophet … a reward from a righteous man”
10:41	st5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	δίκαιον & δικαίου & δικαίου	1	Although the term **righteous {man}** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a righteous person … of a righteous person … of a righteous person”
10:42	rwto		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὃς ἐὰν ποτίσῃ ἕνα τῶν μικρῶν τούτων ποτήριον ψυχροῦ	1	Jesus speaks about giving someone **a cup of cold water to drink** as an example of one small way in which a person can help another person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that this is an example, or you could use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “whoever, for example, gives to one of these little ones a cup of cold water to drink” or “whoever helps one of these little ones in any way”
10:42	z8tk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἕνα τῶν μικρῶν τούτων	1	Here, Jesus refers to people whom others consider unimportant or insignificant as if they were **little**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “to any person whom people ignore” or “to an insignificant person”
10:42	v6jg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μόνον εἰς ὄνομα μαθητοῦ	1	See how you translated the phrase **in the name of** in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “with only the knowledge that this person is a disciple” or “simply because this person is a disciple”
10:42	vax1			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
10:42	n58q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσῃ	1	Jesus is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative phrase, **certainly not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning, **lose**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “he will most certainly receive”
10:42	d61l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	οὐ μὴ ἀπολέσῃ & αὐτοῦ	1	Although the term **he** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person will certainly not lose his or her”
10:42	ehq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ	1	The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means”
11:intro	puf4				0	# Matthew 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n5. Jesus teaches about the gospel of the kingdom of God. Opposition to Jesus begins. (11:1-12:50)\n      * Jesus and John the Baptist (11:1–19)\n        * John asks about who Jesus is (11:1–6)\n        * Jesus teaches about John (11:7–15)\n        * Jesus speaks about himself and John (11:16–19)\n      * Judgment on Galilean cities (11:20–24)\n      * Jesus speaks about his ministry (11:25–30)\n\nSome translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quotation from [Malachi 3:1](../mal/03/01.md) in 11:10.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### “Elijah”\n\nIn [11:14](../11/14.md), Jesus says that John the Baptist is “Elijah, the one being about to come.” Here Jesus refers to a prophecy in [Malachi 4:5–6](../mal/04/05.md) that indicates that God will send “Elijah” to prepare the way before God comes to judge his enemies and reward his people. Malachi is referring to a prophet who lived even earlier. This prophet, named Elijah, performed many miracles and spoke messages from God (see [1 Kings 17–19](../1ki/17/01.md) and [2 Kings 2:1–17](../2ki/02/01.md)). So, when Jesus says that John is “Elijah,” he means that John fulfills the prophecy in Malachi that someone like the prophet Elijah will prepare the way before God comes to judge and reward people. If your readers would not know the prophecy in Malachi or the stories about the prophet Elijah, you may need to include some of this information in your translation or in a footnote.\n\n### The day of judgment\n\nIn [11:21–24](../11/21.md), Jesus refers to “the day of judgment.” He says that, on that day, it will be more tolerable for wicked people who lived in cities like Tyre, Sidon, and Sodom than it will be for people who reject Jesus’ ministry in cities like Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum. The phrase “day of judgment” refers to a specific time in the future when God will judge everyone, punish those who disobey him, and reward those who believe in and obey him. What Jesus means is that even wicked people who lived in cities like Tyre, Sidon, and Sodom will receive less punishment than people who reject him and his message. See the notes on these verses for translation options.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The comparison with children in [11:16–19](../11/16.md)\n\nIn these verses, Jesus compares how people treat him and John with how children play in the marketplace. There are two primary ways to understand the comparison. First, Jesus and John could be like the children who play flutes or sing funeral songs. In this case, Jesus is saying that people reject both John’s mournful ministry and Jesus’ joyful ministry. Second, the people whom Jesus is speaking about could be like the children who play flutes or sing funeral songs. In this case, Jesus is saying that these people are upset that John and Jesus do not behave as they want them to behave. Since both of these options have similar meanings, and because Jesus does not clearly explain which option he intended, if possible express the comparison in such a way that either interpretation could make sense.\n\n### Jesus rebuking cities in [11:20–24](../11/20.md)\n\nIn these verses, Jesus speaks to specific cities as if they were among the crowds who were listening to him. He speaks in this way to express his attitude towards these cities. Further, when Jesus refers to the cities, he uses their names to refer to the people who live in those cities. So, when Jesus speaks directly to Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum, he is expressing his attitude toward the people who live in those cities. See the notes on these verses for translation strategies and options.\n\n### The yoke and burden metaphor in [11:28–30](../11/28.md)\n\n\nIn these verses, Jesus promises rest, an easy yoke, and a light burden to those who are laboring and heavy-burdened. There are several ways to understand these images. First, Jesus could be referring to how people struggle and suffer for many reasons, and he promises to make these things better. Second, Jesus could be referring to how people struggle to obey what the religious leaders say to do, and he promises to give them better and easier commands. Third, Jesus could be referring to how people suffer under the Roman empire, and he promises to be a better leader and ruler. Since Jesus is speaking to a crowd of people, most likely he used the images of yokes and burdens so that what he was saying would be relevant to all the people, no matter what they were struggling with. So, if possible preserve the figure of speech or express the idea in a general way that could refer to many different difficult or hard things.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### The meaning of [11:12](../11/12.md)\n\nThis verse contains two clauses, and both clauses can be interpreted in several ways. First, there are several options for understanding the meaning of the clause “the kingdom of the heavens suffers violence”:\n\n1. the “kingdom” could be what experiences the “violence.” In this case, the violence could come from:\n      * people who hate and attack the kingdom\n      * people who want to make the kingdom stronger by using violence\n2. the “kingdom” could be what performs the “violence.” In this case, the kingdom advances or becomes stronger in forceful and powerful ways.\n\nSecond, there are also several options for understanding the meaning of the clause “violent men take it by force”:\n\n1. the “men” could be evil or wicked. In this case, they could be trying to:\n      * attack and destroy the kingdom\n      * take the kingdom away from Jesus and his disciples\n2. the “men” could be trying to do what is right. In this case, they are trying to become part of the kingdom in forceful or powerful ways.\n\nAlmost any combination of these options is possible for understanding the meaning of the verse. However, the most common interpretations are these:\n\n1. the kingdom experiences violence, and violent people attack it and try to destroy it\n2. the kingdom advances forcefully, and forceful people want to be part of it\n3. the kingdom advances forcefully, but violent people attack it and try to destroy it\n4. violent people want to make the kingdom stronger by violence, and they try to take the kingdom away from Jesus and his disciples\n\nSee the translation notes on this verse for possible ways to express the ideas. Since there are many ways to understand the verse, if possible make your translation general enough to allow for several or all of these interpretations.\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to many people around him. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
11:1	z2y7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory	καὶ ἐγένετο ὅτε ἐτέλεσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς διατάσσων τοῖς δώδεκα μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ, μετέβη ἐκεῖθεν τοῦ διδάσκειν καὶ κηρύσσειν ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν αὐτῶν	1	This sentence marks the end of Jesus’ instructions by summarizing what Jesus did and then describing what he did next. Use the natural form in your language for expressing the conclusion of a story. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus finished giving orders to his 12 disciples. After that, he departed from there to teach and to preach in their cities”
11:1	h5qa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μετέβη	1	Here Matthew implies that the **12 disciples** also left that place to do what Jesus had instructed them to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he sent them out, and then he departed”
11:1	md5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκεῖθεν	1	Here, the word **there** refers to the place where Jesus was when he gave his disciples the instructions that are quoted in the previous chapter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from where he had been”
11:1	dr3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	τοῦ διδάσκειν καὶ κηρύσσειν	1	The terms **teach** and **preach** mean similar things. Matthew is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “to teach frequently” or “to preach often”
11:1	hhfx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ταῖς πόλεσιν αὐτῶν	1	Here, the word **their** refers to Jewish people in general, particularly those who lived in Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the Jewish cities” or “the cities in Galilee”
11:2	uei9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
11:2	f3j7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	ὁ & Ἰωάννης, ἀκούσας ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ	1	Matthew has not yet told the story of why **John** was **in prison**. Since Matthew narrates this story in [14:4-5](../14/4.md), you do not need to explain it to your reader here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that John is **in the prison** when he hears about **the deeds of Christ**. Alternate translation: “John, who was in prison, having heard about”
11:2	zy7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe **deeds** that **Christ** did. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the deeds that Christ had done”
11:2	k1a8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πέμψας διὰ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ	1	Here Matthew means that John **sent** his **disciples** to Jesus and had them speak to Jesus for him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having sent his disciples to speak to Jesus for him”
11:2	q79l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῦ	1	The pronoun **his** refers to John. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to him more directly. Alternate translation: “his own”
11:3	isix		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σὺ	1	Since John’s disciples are talking to Jesus, the word **you** in this verse is singular.
11:3	w2im		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ ἐρχόμενος	1	Here, John uses the phrase **the one coming** to refer to a special person whom God promised would come and help God’s people. People sometimes called this special person “the Messiah.” If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the special person whom God said would come” or “the Messiah whom God said would come”
11:3	q89t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἕτερον προσδοκῶμεν	1	John is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “should we expect another person to be the coming one”
11:4	w03k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν	1	Together the words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to the question that John’s disciples had asked him. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Jesus responded”
11:5	dyxy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τυφλοὶ ἀναβλέπουσιν, καὶ χωλοὶ περιπατοῦσιν, λεπροὶ καθαρίζονται, καὶ κωφοὶ ἀκούουσιν, καὶ νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται, καὶ πτωχοὶ εὐαγγελίζονται	1	When he answers John’s disciples, Jesus lists many things that he has done. John’s disciples would have known that this list is similar to the lists found in [Isaiah 35:5–6](../isa/35/05.md) and [Isaiah 61:1](../isa/61/01.md) that describe what will happen when God acts to help his people. Jesus does not directly quote either of these lists, but he wants John’s disciples to know that what he has done is what God promised would happen when the Messiah came. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include a footnote that refers to the lists in Isaiah, or you could include a small amount of explanatory information. Alternate translation: “Just as God promised, the blind are seeing again, and the lame walk, lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, and the dead are raised, and the poor are being told the gospel”
11:5	tjuc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τυφλοὶ & χωλοὶ & κωφοὶ & νεκροὶ & πτωχοὶ	1	Jesus is using the adjectives **blind**, **lame**, **deaf**, **dead**, and **poor** as nouns in order to describe groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “Blind people … lame people … deaf people … dead people … poor people”
11:5	sd6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	λεπροὶ καθαρίζονται & νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται, καὶ πτωχοὶ εὐαγγελίζονται	1	If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “lepers become clean … the dead come back to life, and the poor hear the gospel”
11:5	gnt2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λεπροὶ καθαρίζονται	1	Here, much as in [10:8](../10/08.md), Jesus speaks of ceremonially cleansing lepers, but he implies that the lepers are healed of their skin diseases, since these are what make lepers unclean. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “lepers are healed from their unclean diseases”
11:5	v274		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται	1	Here, the phrase **the dead are raised** refers to people who have died becoming alive again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the dead live again”\n
11:6	jm3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μακάριός ἐστιν ὃς ἐὰν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will bless any person who”
11:6	he52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὃς ἐὰν μὴ σκανδαλισθῇ ἐν ἐμοί	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whoever does not take offense because of me” or “whomever I do not offend”
11:6	yyuo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	μὴ σκανδαλισθῇ ἐν ἐμοί	1	Jesus is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning, **offended**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “who continues to trust me”
11:7	vt51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
11:7	d4lo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τούτων	1	The pronoun **these** refers to John’s disciples. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer more directly to these people. Alternate translation: “John’s disciples”
11:7	ysq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί ἐξήλθατε εἰς τὴν ἔρημον θεάσασθαι? κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον?	1	Jesus is using the question form to teach the crowds about John. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “Surely you did not go out into the wilderness to see a reed shaken by the wind!” or “I know what you went out into the wilderness to see. It was not a reed shaken by the wind.”
11:7	f3f1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τί ἐξήλθατε εἰς τὴν ἔρημον θεάσασθαι	1	Here Jesus implies that the people went out to see and hear John the Baptist. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “When you visited John in the wilderness, what did you go out to see”
11:7	ydn2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον	1	Here, the phrase **a reed being shaken by the wind** could describe: (1) a person who changes his or her mind or message whenever there is any trouble or difficulty, just like a **reed** moves whenever the **wind** blows. Alternate translation: “a man who changes his message whenever it is convenient” or “a man who changes his mind as easily as a reed is shaken by the wind” (2) something or someone ordinary, just like **a reed being shaken by the wind** was a common or normal sight in Matthew’s culture. Alternate translation: “something ordinary, like a reed being shaken by the wind”
11:7	w269		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	κάλαμον ὑπὸ ἀνέμου σαλευόμενον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a reed that the wind shakes”
11:8	fn2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with the possibility that Jesus asked about in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “If not that,” or “So,”
11:8	n5hx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἀλλὰ τί ἐξήλθατε ἰδεῖν? ἄνθρωπον ἐν μαλακοῖς ἠμφιεσμένον?	1	Jesus is using the question form to teach the crowds about John. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “Surely you did not go out to see a man dressed in soft clothing!” or “I know what you went out to see. It was not a man dressed in soft clothing.”
11:8	y24r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄνθρωπον ἐν μαλακοῖς ἠμφιεσμένον	1	Luke assumes that readers will know that John wore crude, rugged clothing. Like his residence in the desert, his clothing was a symbolic protest against the established order. As such, it would have been offensive rather than attractive. So no one would have gone out just to see a person dressed that way. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “A man wearing splendid clothing? You would not have gone to hear John if that was what you wanted to see.”
11:8	nrdy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐν & ἠμφιεσμένον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who had put on”
11:8	by2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μαλακοῖς & τὰ μαλακὰ	1	The term **soft clothing** refers to luxurious or expensive clothes, since normal clothing was rough. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “splendid clothing … splendid clothing” or “expensive clothing … expensive clothing”
11:8	n2k6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “As you know”
11:9	msgi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1	Here, much as in [11:8](../11/08.md), the word **But** introduces a contrast with the possibility that Jesus asked about in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “If not that,” or “So,”
11:9	gm97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἀλλὰ τί ἐξήλθατε? προφήτην ἰδεῖν	1	Jesus is using the question form to teach the crowds about John. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “Surely you went out to see a prophet!” or “I know why you went out. It was to see a prophet.”
11:9	iytz			λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** this to emphasize what he is telling the crowds. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to know”
11:9	fb75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ περισσότερον	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “and he was more than”
11:9	rp94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	περισσότερον προφήτου	1	Here Jesus means that John was indeed a prophet, but that he was even **more** than a typical prophet. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “not just an ordinary prophet” or “greater than the other prophets”
11:10	ttv5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οὗτός	1	The pronoun **This** refers to John the Baptist. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “John”
11:10	ts9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	γέγραπται	1	In Matthew’s culture, **it is written** was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the book of Malachi (see [Malachi 3:1](../mal/03/01.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “you can read in the Scriptures” or “it says in the book of Malachi”
11:10	de17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γέγραπται	1	If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Malachi wrote in the Scriptures”
11:10	jc00		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **Behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **Behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “See” or “Pay attention”
11:10	fi5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	πρὸ προσώπου σου	1	Here, the phrase **before your face** means before or in front of the person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in front of you” or “before I send you”
11:10	mzmx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σου	-1	Here, the words **your**, **your**, and **you** are singular because God is speaking to the Messiah individually in this quotation.
11:10	kva7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κατασκευάσει τὴν ὁδόν σου ἔμπροσθέν σου	1	Here the author of the quotation speaks of helping people to get ready for the coming of the Messiah as if it were preparing the **way** or road for the Messiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will help people get ready for you to arrive”
11:11	tv07			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
11:11	z5yq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν γεννητοῖς γυναικῶν	1	The phrase **those born of women** refers to all people who have lived. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “among all the people who have ever lived”
11:11	r9ws		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐν γεννητοῖς γυναικῶν	1	If you would like to retain the idiom but your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “among those whom women have borne”
11:11	c093		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	οὐκ ἐγήγερται & μείζων	1	Jesus is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning, **greater**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “there have only arisen ones lesser than”
11:11	jm5o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὐκ ἐγήγερται	1	Here Jesus speaks of people having lived as if they had **arisen**, or stood up. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “there has not existed” or “there has not lived”
11:11	cag4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ὁ & μικρότερος	1	Matthew is using the adjective **least** as a noun to mean people who are not very important. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this phrase with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the least important person”
11:11	pxbl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μείζων αὐτοῦ ἐστιν	1	The implication is that being part of **the kingdom of the heavens** is greater than any human distinctive. So anyone who is part of **the kingdom** is greater than even John, whom Jesus said was the greatest person who had ever lived before the coming of **the kingdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “is greater than John is because he or she is part of something greater than anything that is human”
11:12	c2qi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, based on how this verse is interpreted (see the following notes and the chapter introduction) the word **But** could introduce: (1) a contrast with what Jesus said in the previous verse about how great the kingdom of the heavens is. In contrast with that, the **kingdom of the heavens** is attacked violently. Alternate translation: “However,” (2) a development of what Jesus said in the previous verse about how great the kingdom of the heavens is. The kingdom advances and grows forcefully. Alternate translation: “Now”
11:12	mb4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τῶν ἡμερῶν	1	Here, the word **days** refers to a specific period of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the time period”
11:12	ynqo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **days** in which **John the Baptist** preached. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when John the Baptist ministered”
11:12	o81e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν βιάζεται, καὶ βιασταὶ ἁρπάζουσιν αὐτήν	1	If you understand these two clauses to say similar things (see the following notes and the chapter introduction), then the second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of the heavens suffers violence; yes, violent men take it by force”
11:12	inr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν βιάζεται	1	Christians disagree about what exactly this clause means. See the chapter introduction for more information and options. Most likely, the clause could mean: (1) that people attack God’s kingdom. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of the heavens is attacked violently” (2) that God’s kingdom triumphs forcefully in the world. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of the heavens triumphs forcefully”
11:12	qy4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	βιάζεται	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **violence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is violently treated” or “is attacked violently”
11:12	rjlg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	βιασταὶ ἁρπάζουσιν αὐτήν	1	Christians disagree about what exactly this clause means. See the chapter introduction for more information and options. Most likely, the clause could mean: (1) that the **men** are evil and **violent** and attack the kingdom. Alternate translation: “violent men attack it forcefully” (2) that the **men** are forceful and want to be part of the kingdom. Alternate translation: “forceful men take hold of it”
11:12	viv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	βιασταὶ	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “violent men and women”
11:12	ce88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἁρπάζουσιν αὐτήν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **force**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “take it forcefully”
11:13	xfx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of how John is an important or significant person. As the last verse showed, the kingdom of the heavens has “suffered violence” since John began his ministry, and this verse shows that **the Prophets** and **the Law** prophesied about these things up to the time when John began his ministry. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that a further explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “In fact,”
11:13	g1i6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	πάντες & οἱ προφῆται καὶ ὁ νόμος & ἐπροφήτευσαν	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **the Prophets** and **the Law** were people who **have prophesied**. He means that these sections of Scripture contain prophecies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the Prophets and the Law contain what people have prophesied”\n
11:13	r95f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	οἱ προφῆται καὶ ὁ νόμος	1	Jesus is referring to all of God’s word that had been written up to that time. He is using the names of two of its major components to do so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the Scriptures”
11:13	s8h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕως Ἰωάννου ἐπροφήτευσαν	1	Here Jesus implies that the Scriptures includes prophecies about the kingdom of the heavens, Jesus’ ministry, and all the things that were happening once John and then Jesus began their ministries. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. If possible, use a general phrase that could refer to many of these events and actions. Alternate translation: “have prophesied until John about what has begun to happen”
11:13	s5ij		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕως Ἰωάννου	1	Here Jesus could mean that: (1) **the Prophets and the Law** contain prophecies written down only **until John** began his ministry. Alternate translation: “up to when John began his ministry” (2) what **the Prophets and the Law** prophesied was a prediction about the future only **until John** began his ministry. Now these prophecies have come true. Alternate translation: “until John began his ministry, when the prophecies came true”
11:14	rdsw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δέξασθαι, αὐτός	1	Here Jesus leaves out what will happen if the people are **willing to accept {it}**. He implies that, when they **accept {it}**, they will learn or understand what he is about to tell them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include this implied idea. Alternate translation: “to accept it, you can be sure that he” or “to accept it, you will understand that he”
11:14	yg2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δέξασθαι	1	Here Jesus could be implying that they need to be willing to **accept**: (1) what Jesus says about John. Alternate translation: “to accept what I tell you” (2) what the Law and the Prophets prophesied (see [11:13](../11/13.md)). Alternate translation: “to accept what the Law and the Prophets said”
11:14	fj3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αὐτός ἐστιν Ἠλείας, ὁ μέλλων ἔρχεσθαι	1	Here Jesus is referring to a prophecy in [Malachi 4:5–6](../mal/04/05.md). This prophecy states that God will send **Elijah** before the day of the Lord arrives, and he will prepare people. **Elijah** was a prophet who did many powerful things a long time before Malachi wrote down this prophecy. What Jesus implies is that John the Baptist fulfills this prophecy, and so he is like **Elijah**, just as Malachi prophesied. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he is the person about whom it is prophesied that someone like Elijah would come” or “he is the one being about to come, whom the prophets named Elijah”
11:14	kb67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτός	1	The pronoun **he** refers to John the Baptist. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “John the Baptist”
11:15	z97x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω	1	Here, the phrase **ears to hear** represents the willingness to understand and obey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The one who wishes to understand, let him understand and obey” or “The one who can listen to me should pay attention”
11:15	w4cc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ ἔχων ὦτα ἀκούειν, ἀκουέτω	1	Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, not about other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the second person plural here. Alternate translation: “You who have ears to hear should hear” or “If you have ears to hear, then hear”
11:15	r1do		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	ἀκουέτω	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he should hear”
11:15	zt7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἀκουέτω	1	Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “let that person hear”
11:16	hkq0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next topic. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
11:16	mp8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίνι δὲ ὁμοιώσω τὴν γενεὰν ταύτην?	1	Jesus is using the question form to introduce a comparison between **this generation** and **children sitting in the marketplace**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Here is what I compare this generation to.”
11:16	yat1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὴν γενεὰν ταύτην	1	Here, **generation** represents the people who are part of the **generation**, which means that they are adults who are currently alive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “today’s people” or “the people of this generation”\n
11:16	zjr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὁμοία ἐστὶν	1	These words are the beginning of Jesus’ comparison. His opponents complain about John being too austere, and they complain about Jesus not being austere enough, just like children who complain when other children don’t dance with them, and then complain again when they don’t cry with them. Since Jesus explains this comparison in the following verses, you do not need to explain it here in your translation.
11:16	l7km		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ταῖς ἀγοραῖς	1	A **marketplace** is a large, open-air area where people buy and sell goods. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of area, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the town square” or “the park”
11:17	sney		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγουσιν, ηὐλήσαμεν ὑμῖν καὶ οὐκ ὠρχήσασθε; ἐθρηνήσαμεν καὶ οὐκ ἐκόψασθε	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that they played the flute for them, and they did not dance; they say a funeral song, and they did not mourn.”
11:17	ai4e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγουσιν	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they say”\n
11:17	d916		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ηὐλήσαμεν	1	The children are referring to the **flute** to indicate that they played a happy, upbeat tune, for which the **flute** was well suited. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “We played a happy tune”
11:17	t723		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	καὶ	-1	In both places, the children are expressing a contrast between what they expected their playmates to do and what those playmates actually did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a contrast. Alternate translation: “and yet … and yet”
11:18	yz80		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἦλθεν	1	Here, the word **came** refers to John living and behaving in certain ways. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “was” or “lived”
11:18	qe7y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μήτε ἐσθίων μήτε πίνων	1	This does not mean that John never ate food. It means he fasted often, and when he ate, he did not eat expensive food or drink. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “frequently fasting” or “neither eating good food nor drinking wine”
11:18	ya2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	λέγουσιν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to people in general. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use a form that refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “many say” or “others say”
11:18	p4ql		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγουσιν, δαιμόνιον ἔχει.	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “they say that he has a demon.”
11:18	evok		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	δαιμόνιον ἔχει	1	To say that someone **has a demon** is to say that the demon possesses or controls that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He is demon-possessed” or “He is controlled by a demon”
11:19	iwk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man,”
11:19	dsak		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “The Messiah”\n
11:19	bvon		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἦλθεν	1	Here, the word **came** refers to Jesus entering this world as a human to do what God called him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “came to this world” or “lived”
11:19	gs6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἐσθίων καὶ πίνων	1	Here Jesus means that he did not fast and that he participated in feasts and enjoyed **eating and drinking**. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “eating good food and drinking wine” or “feasting”
11:19	x4ec		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγουσιν, ἰδοὺ, ἄνθρωπος, φάγος καὶ οἰνοπότης, τελωνῶν φίλος καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν!	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “they say that he is a man who is a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!”
11:19	ddxi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “This is” or “Observe”
11:19	pv4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	φάγος καὶ οἰνοπότης	1	The word **glutton** refers to a person who eats too much food. The word **drunkard** refers to a person who drinks too much wine and gets drunk as a result. If you do not have words for these kinds of people, you could use descriptive phrases. Alternate translation: “one who eats and drinks more than he should”\n
11:19	vwk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς	1	Here, Jesus uses or invents a proverb that he applies to what people say about him and John. Translate this proverb in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “the saying is true that wisdom is justified by all her children”
11:19	ml8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **wisdom** were a woman who had **children**. The **children** could be: (1) people who are wise. Alternate translation: “wisdom has been justified by wise people” (2) the **children** could be the results of wise behavior. Alternate translation: “wisdom has been justified by its results”
11:19	yyk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure your translation fits with how you chose to translate **children** (see the previous note). Here, the word **wisdom** could refer to: (1) wise behavior and thinking. Alternate translation: “what is wise has been justified by wise people” (2) how God is wise. Alternate translation: “how wise God is has been justified by wise people”
11:19	o3zh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “wisdom’s children justify her”
11:19	e8h9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς	1	Many ancient manuscripts read **her children**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “her works.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
11:20	w12g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	τότε	1	Here, the word **Then** introduces what happened after Jesus finished saying what Matthew has included in the previous verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next thing that happened. Alternate translation: “After that,”
11:20	n39l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	τότε ἤρξατο ὀνειδίζειν τὰς πόλεις ἐν αἷς ἐγένοντο αἱ πλεῖσται δυνάμεις αὐτοῦ, ὅτι οὐ μετενόησαν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “Then, because the cities in which most of his miracles were done had not repented, he began to rebuke them”
11:20	w4g8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὰς πόλεις	1	Here, **the cities** refers to the people who live in the cities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the people of the cities”
11:20	t51a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐγένοντο αἱ πλεῖσται δυνάμεις αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus. Alternate translation: “he had done most of his miracles”
11:21	xxb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	οὐαί σοι, Χοραζείν! οὐαί σοι, Βηθσαϊδάν! & ὑμῖν	1	Jesus is addressing something that he knows cannot hear him, the cities of **Chorazin** and **Bethsaida**. He is doing this to show his listeners in a strong way how he feels about those cities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words as if he were speaking directly to people about these cities. Alternate translation: “There will be woe for Chorazin! There will be woe for Bethsaida! … those cities”\n
11:21	y2hr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὐαί σοι	-1	The phrase **woe to you** is the opposite of “blessed are you.” It indicates that bad things are going to happen to the people being addressed, because they have displeased God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “How bad it is for you … How bad it is for you” or “Trouble will come to you … Trouble will come to you”
11:21	vmsk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σοι	-1	Jesus is addressing an individual city in each of these phrases, so **you** is singular in both cases.
11:21	lcsu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Χοραζείν & Βηθσαϊδάν	1	The words **Chorazin** and **Bethsaida** are the names of two cities.
11:21	y9d3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Χοραζείν & Βηθσαϊδάν & ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι	1	Here, the words **Chorazin**, **Bethsaida**, and **Tyre and Sidon** refer to the people who live in those cities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people of Chorazin … people of Bethsaida … among the people of Tyre and Sidon”
11:21	uo47		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὅτι	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Jesus pronounces **Woe** to these cities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a statement, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I rebuke you because” or “That is because”
11:21	ozdx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὅτι εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν, πάλαι ἂν ἐν σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ μετενόησαν	1	Jesus assumes that his audience will know that God destroyed the cities of **Tyre** and **Sidon** because the people in them were so wicked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “God destroyed the cities of Tyre and Sidon because they were so wicked. But even they would have repented if they had seen the miracles which happened in you. So the people of Chorazin and Bethsaida certainly should have repented as well”
11:21	lh46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν, πάλαι ἂν ἐν σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ μετενόησαν	1	Here Jesus is describing a situation that might have happened in the past but actually did not. He is doing this to express disappointment and regret about what is happening in the present. Be sure to translate this in such a way that your readers will know that this event actually did not happen but they will understand why Jesus is imagining it. Alternate translation: “suppose that the miracles had happened in Tyre and Sidon which happened in you. They would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes”
11:21	k3in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual	ὑμῖν	1	Since Jesus is addressing two cities, **you** would be dual here if your language uses that form. Otherwise, it would be plural.
11:21	tm59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	πάλαι ἂν ἐν σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ μετενόησαν	1	Jesus is saying that the people of Tyre and Sidon would have worn **sackcloth** and put **ashes** on their heads. These actions are signs of humility and sorrow that show that they were very sorry for doing what was wrong. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of these actions in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “they would have shown how sorry they were for their sins by wearing sackcloth and putting ashes on their heads”
11:22	ewcx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	πλὴν	1	Here, the word **Nevertheless** introduces a contrast with how people might think about the wicked people of **Tyre** and **Sidon**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **Nevertheless** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Yet” or “As a matter of fact”
11:22	g4mo			λέγω ὑμῖν & ἔσται	1	Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** to emphasize what he is about to say. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to know that it will be”
11:22	ibpo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως ἢ ὑμῖν	1	Jesus assumes that his audience will know that God destroyed the cities of Tyre and Sidon because the people in them were so wicked. The implication is that it must therefore be an extremely grave offense to reject the messengers of the kingdom of God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “God will judge you more severely than he will judge the people who lived in Tyre and Sidon, even though he destroyed their cities because they were so wicked”
11:22	mr18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι	1	Here, the words **Tyre and Sidon** refer to the people who live in those cities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the people of Tyre and Sidon”
11:22	ngkm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **day** on which **judgment** will happen. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “on the day when God judges everyone”
11:22	i16e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κρίσεως	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when people are judged”
11:23	h8e4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	καὶ σύ, Καφαρναούμ, μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ? ἕως ᾍδου καταβήσῃ; ὅτι εἰ ἐν Σοδόμοις ἐγενήθησαν αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν σοί, ἔμεινεν ἂν μέχρι τῆς σήμερον	1	Much as in [11:21](../11/21.md), Jesus is addressing something that he knows cannot hear him, the city of **Capernaum**. He is doing this to show his listeners in a strong way how he feels about that city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words as if he were speaking directly to people about these cities. Alternate translation: “And Capernaum will not be exalted to heaven, will it? It will god down to Hades. For if the miracles that happened in it had happened in Sodom, Sodom would have remained until today”
11:23	nddz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	σύ, Καφαρναούμ, μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ?	1	Jesus uses a rhetorical question to rebuke the people of Capernaum for their pride, because they think that they will be **exalted to heaven**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “you, Capernaum, will certainly not be exalted to heaven.” or “you, Capernaum, will by no means be exalted to heaven!”
11:23	vpz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σύ & μὴ & ὑψωθήσῃ & καταβήσῃ & σοί	1	Jesus is addressing an individual city in each of these phrases, so **you** is singular throughout this verse.
11:23	fj7d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Καφαρναούμ & ἐν Σοδόμοις	1	Here, the words **Capernaum** and **Sodom** refer to the people who live in those cities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people of Capernaum … among the people of Sodom”
11:23	vbsp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ	1	The phrase **be exalted** refers to receiving honor. To **be exalted** all the way up to **heaven** indicates that this honor is very great. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will not be honored greatly, will you”
11:23	aa7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μὴ ἕως οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθήσῃ?	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: Alternate translation: “God will not exalt you to heaven, will he?”
11:23	yckg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἕως ᾍδου καταβήσῃ	1	The phrase **be brought down** refers to experiencing punishment and dishonor. To **be brought down** all the way to **Hades** indicates that this punishment and dishonor are very great. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You will be punished severely”
11:23	w9qp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἕως ᾍδου καταβήσῃ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: Alternate translation: “God bring you down as far as Hades”
11:23	igya		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὅτι	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Jesus pronounces says that **Capernaum** will **go down to Hades**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a statement, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I say this about you because” or “That is because”
11:23	fwpf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὅτι εἰ ἐν Σοδόμοις ἐγενήθησαν αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν σοί, ἔμεινεν ἂν μέχρι τῆς σήμερον	1	In Jesus’ culture, people knew that **Sodom** was a city where many wicked people had lived. God punished these people by destroying them. You can read about what happened in [Genesis 19:1–29](../gen/19/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “God destroyed the city of Sodom because it was so wicked. But even those people would have repented, and Sodom would have remained until today, if they had seen the miracles which happened in you. So the people of Capernaum certainly should have repented as well”
11:23	vk57		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	εἰ ἐν Σοδόμοις ἐγενήθησαν αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν σοί, ἔμεινεν ἂν μέχρι τῆς σήμερον	1	Here Jesus is describing a situation that might have happened in the past but actually did not. He is doing this to express disappointment and regret about what is happening in the present. Be sure to translate this in such a way that your readers will know that this event actually did not happen but that they will understand why Jesus is imagining it. Alternate translation: “suppose that the miracles had happened in Sodom which happened in you. That city would would have remained until today”
11:23	z279		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔμεινεν ἂν μέχρι τῆς σήμερον	1	Here Jesus means that God would not have destroyed the city of **Sodom** because its people would have repented when they saw the **miracles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “it would have remained until today because its people would have repented” or “they would have stopped sinning, and so the city would not have been destroyed”
11:23	b24t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μέχρι τῆς σήμερον	1	Here, the phrase **until today** indicates that something is true or exists at the time when the speaker is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “up to our time” or “even now”
11:24	z3pq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	πλὴν	1	Here, the word **Nevertheless** introduces a contrast with how people might think about the wicked people of **Sodom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **Nevertheless** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Yet” or “As a matter of fact”
11:24	vcd1			λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** to emphasize what he is about to say. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to know”
11:24	t8n4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	γῇ Σοδόμων ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως ἢ σοί	1	Jesus assumes that his audience will know that God destroyed **the land of Sodom** because the people in it were so wicked. The implication is that it must therefore be an extremely grave offense to reject the messengers of the kingdom of God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “God will judge you more severely than he will judge the people who lived in the land of Sodom, even though he destroyed that land because they were so wicked”
11:24	e3pa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	γῇ Σοδόμων	1	Here, the phrase **the land of Sodom** refers to the people who live in that land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for the people of the land of Sodom”
11:24	yk3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **day** on which **judgment** will happen. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “on the day when God judges everyone”
11:24	wenk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κρίσεως	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when people are judged”
11:24	mc79		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σοί	1	Since Jesus is addressing an individual city, Capernaum, **you** here is singular.
11:25	xt8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν	1	Here, the word **answering** indicates that Jesus is responding to what he has said in the previous verses about how people have not repented in response to Jesus’ message and miracles. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because of how people were not repenting, Jesus said”
11:25	rtar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σοι & ἔκρυψας	1	Because Jesus is praying to God the Father, all forms of **you** in this verse are singular.
11:25	h5x4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πάτερ	1	**Father** is an important title that describes the relationship between God the Father and Jesus.
11:25	u9cy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Κύριε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς	1	Here, Jesus is referring to all of creation by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Lord over everything that exists” or “Lord of all creation”
11:25	uhp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ταῦτα & αὐτὰ	1	Here, the phrase **these things** and the word **them** refer generally to the meaning and significance of Jesus and his ministry. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what my ministry means … its meaning” or “my message … it”
11:25	qw5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἀπὸ σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν	1	Jesus is using the adjectives **wise** and **intelligent** as nouns in order to describe groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these with noun phrases. Alternate translation: “from people who are wise and intelligent”
11:25	las9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν	1	Jesus calls these people **wise and intelligent** because that is what they think about themselves. Jesus knows that God has not revealed things to them, so they are not actually that **wise** or **intelligent**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people who think they are wise and intelligent”
11:25	w9hx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	σοφῶν καὶ συνετῶν	1	The terms **wise** and **intelligent** mean similar things. Jesus uses the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “people who think they understand everything”
11:25	b6w5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	νηπίοις	1	Here, the phrase **little children** refers to people who may not have much education but who are willing to accept Jesus’ teachings in the same way that little children willingly listen to those they trust. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to people who are like little children” or “to people who trust you completely” or “to uneducated people”
11:26	mq9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ναί	1	Here, the word **Yes** emphasizes that God has indeed done what Jesus said he had in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “You have indeed done that” or “You have done those things”
11:26	jfla		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Πατήρ	1	**Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the Father and Jesus.
11:26	qp7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἔμπροσθέν σου	1	Here, the phrase **before you** indicates that it is **well-pleasing** according to God’s evaluation or judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your sight” or “in your judgment”
11:26	ppui		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σου	1	Because Jesus is praying to God the Father, **you** here is singular.
11:27	yk5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πάντα μοι παρεδόθη ὑπὸ τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My Father has handed over all things to me”
11:27	gd67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πάντα & παρεδόθη	1	The phrase **All things** could refer to: (1) knowledge about the **Father** and what the **Father** does. Alternate translation: “All things about the Father have been handed over” or “All knowledge has been handed over” (2) authority over everything that the **Father** has created. Alternate translation: “All authority has been handed over”
11:27	j3vk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου & τὸν Υἱὸν & ὁ Πατήρ & τὸν Πατέρα & ὁ Υἱὸς & ὁ Υἱὸς	1	The words **Father** and **Son** are important titles for God that describe the relationship between God the Father and Jesus.
11:27	s1as		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	οὐδεὶς ἐπιγινώσκει τὸν Υἱὸν, εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατήρ	1	If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “the only one who knows the Son is the Father”
11:27	esp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	τὸν Υἱὸν & ὁ Υἱὸς & βούληται ὁ Υἱὸς	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “me, the Son, … me, the Son … I, the Son, desire”
11:27	l8xe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	οὐδὲ τὸν Πατέρα τις ἐπιγινώσκει, εἰ μὴ ὁ Υἱὸς, καὶ ᾧ ἐὰν βούληται ὁ Υἱὸς ἀποκαλύψαι	1	If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “the only ones who know the Father are the Son and anyone to whom the Son desires to reveal him”
11:28	x978		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	δεῦτε πρός με	1	Here, the phrase **Come to me** is an invitation to be with Jesus as his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Be my disciples” or “Be with me as my students”
11:28	o49n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πάντες οἱ κοπιῶντες καὶ πεφορτισμένοι, κἀγὼ ἀναπαύσω ὑμᾶς	1	Here Jesus could be speaking about: (1) how many experiences and situations make people tired and exhausted. Jesus promises **rest** from these things. Alternate translation: “all the ones whose lives are full of labor and heavy burdens, and I will give you rest from these things” (2) how the religious leaders’ interpretation of the law made people tired and exhausted when they tried to obey it. Jesus promises **rest** and offers a different interpretation of the law. Alternate translation: “all the ones laboring under the law and heavy burdened by it, and I will give you rest from that law”
11:28	t2jj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κοπιῶντες	1	Here, the word **laboring** could describe: (1) people who are tired. Alternate translation: “who are tired” or “who are exhausted” (2) people who are working hard. Alternate translation: “who are working hard”
11:28	oetw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πεφορτισμένοι	1	Here Jesus speaks of how people struggle or suffer as if they were **burdened** by a **heavy** load. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “suffering” or “being oppressed”
11:28	f1w4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀναπαύσω ὑμᾶς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **rest**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “will make you restful” or “cause you to rest”
11:29	vckw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἄρατε τὸν ζυγόν μου ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς, καὶ μάθετε ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ, ὅτι πραΰς εἰμι καὶ ταπεινὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ; καὶ εὑρήσετε ἀνάπαυσιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the last two clauses give the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. Therefore, take my yoke on you and learn from me”
11:29	q1ya		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ἄρατε τὸν ζυγόν μου ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς	1	Here Jesus speaks of people who obey his commands and teaching as if they were farm animals that accepted a **yoke**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Obey me as if you were a farm animal wearing a yoke” or “Obey me”
11:29	t1rh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	πραΰς εἰμι καὶ ταπεινὸς	1	The terms **gentle** and **humble** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “I am very gentle” or “I am very humble”
11:29	i3qs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	πραΰς & καὶ ταπεινὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ	1	The phrase **gentle and humble in heart** means that Jesus has a **gentle** and **humble** attitude. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have a gentle and humble attitude” or “gentle and humble”
11:29	o8cc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εὑρήσετε ἀνάπαυσιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **rest** were an object that his audience could **find**. He means that they will be able to experience **rest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your souls will be able to rest”
11:29	sysp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀνάπαυσιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **rest**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that your souls can rest”
11:29	i3ls		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν	1	Here, the word **souls** refers to the people who **find rest**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for yourselves”
11:30	o9zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why people should take Jesus’ yoke and find rest (see [11:30](../11/30.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “You should do that because” or “That is because”
11:30	ynf1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ὁ & ζυγός μου χρηστὸς καὶ τὸ φορτίον μου ἐλαφρόν ἐστιν	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could combine the two clauses. Alternate translation: “my yoke is easy; yes, my burden is light” or “my yoke and burden are easy”
11:30	hlv3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ὁ & ζυγός μου χρηστὸς καὶ τὸ φορτίον μου ἐλαφρόν ἐστιν	1	Here Jesus continues to speak of people who obey his commands and teaching as if they were farm animals that accepted a **yoke** or carried a **burden**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “obeying me is easy. It is as if you were a farm animal wearing an easy yoke. Accepting my teaching is not difficult. It is as if you were a farm animal carrying a light burden” or “Obeying me is easy, and accepting my teaching is not difficult”
12:intro	y7z6				0	# Matthew 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n5. Jesus teaches about the gospel of the kingdom of God. Opposition to Jesus begins. (11:1-12:50)\n      * Arguments with the Pharisees about the Sabbath (12:1–14)\n        * Picking heads of grain on the Sabbath (12:1–8)\n        * Healing a man on the Sabbath (12:9–14)\n      * Jesus fulfills a quotation from Isaiah (12:15–21)\n      * Argument with the Pharisees about casting out demons (12:22–30)\n      * Jesus teaches on words and God’s judgment (12:31–37)\n      * Jesus condemns “this generation” (12:38–45)\n      * Jesus’ true family (12:46–50)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [12:18–21](../12/18.md), which is a quotation from [Isaiah 42:1–4](../isa/42/01.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The Sabbath\n\nIn the law that God gave to Moses, God commanded the Israelites to rest on the seventh day, which was called the Sabbath. The Jewish religious leaders disagreed with each other about what kinds of things a person could do on the Sabbath and still rest as God had commanded. For example, they debated which emergencies were serious enough that someone could do work on the Sabbath without disobeying God’s command. In [12:1–14](../12/01.md), the Pharisees and Jesus engage in these kinds of debates about the Sabbath. Jesus disagrees with how the Pharisees understand the Sabbath, and he argues for a different view. If your readers may not understand what the Sabbath is and why Jesus and the Pharisees are debating about it, you may need to include some information in a footnote. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])\n\n### Casting out demons\n\nDemons are evil spiritual beings who can control people and who serve Satan. They usually use the people they control to hurt themselves or others. In [12:22](../12/22.md), Matthew briefly describes how Jesus drove out a demon who caused the man it controlled to be blind and mute, that is, unable to see or speak. In response, the crowds wonder whether Jesus is the special “Son of David.” However, the Pharisees accuse Jesus of using the power of Beelzebul, that is, Satan, to cast out demons. Jesus tells them that it does not make sense for Satan, who rules the demons, to empower someone to cast out demons.\n\n### “Blasphemy against the Spirit”\n\nIn [12:31–32](../12/31.md), Jesus speaks about “blasphemy of the Spirit” and speaking “against the Holy Spirit.” He indicates that God will forgive all kinds of sins, including speaking against Jesus himself. However, God will not forgive people who speak against the Holy Spirit. Jesus says these things because the Pharisees said that he cast out demons by the power of Beelzebul. Jesus implies that he actually cast out demons by the power of the Holy Spirit. So, since the Pharisees have called the Holy Spirit Beelzebul, they have blasphemed or spoken against the Spirit. Christians debate what counts as this kind of blasphemy and why God will not forgive people for it. In your translation, you should express the idea as generally as Jesus does. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])\n\n### The sign of Jonah\n\nIn [12:39–41](../12/39.md), Jesus refers to a story about a prophet named Jonah. God told Jonah to prophesy in the city of Nineveh that God would destroy it. Jonah instead got on a boat to go the opposite direction. God sent a bad storm on the ocean, and to stop the storm Jonah had the sailors throw him into the ocean. God then had a huge fish swallow Jonah. He was inside the fish for three days and three nights, and then the fish spit Jonah out near the city of Nineveh. Jonah then did prophesy in the city of Nineveh, and the people there repented and asked God for mercy. In response, God chose not to destroy the city. You can read this story in [Jonah 1–4](../jon/01/01.md). When Jesus refers to “the sign of Jonah,” he is speaking about this story, particularly about how Jonah was in the fish for three days and nights. Jesus indicates that he will be in his tomb for three days, just as Jonah was in the fish for three days.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The parable about the strong man\n\nIn [12:29](../12/29.md), Jesus describes how thieves must subdue and tie up a strong man before they can steal things from his house. Jesus does not directly state how to apply this proverb. However, most Christians think that Satan is like the strong man, and the demons that Jesus casts out are like the strong man’s things. In this case, Jesus is like the thieves who tie up the strong man. Jesus is saying that, since he can cast out demons, it proves that he has subdued and conquered Satan, just as thieves can only steal things after they have subdued the strong man. You should not include this extra information in your translation, but if it would be helpful for your readers, you could include it in a footnote. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n### Demons living in people as if they were houses\n\nIn [12:43–45](../12/43.md), Jesus tells a story that describes people as if they were houses that demons could live in. When a demon is living in someone, this means that the demon is controlling that person. If possible, preserve this metaphor. If it is necessary, you could use simile form or state the meaning more plainly. See the notes on this verse for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Jesus’ mother and brothers\n\nIn [12:46–50](../12/46.md), Jesus’ mother and brothers arrive and want to talk with Jesus. In response, Jesus says that his disciples, those who do God’s will, are his mother and brothers and sisters. In other words, Jesus calls his disciples, who are those who do God’s will, his family members. He means that they are as close and important to him as his own family. This is an important metaphor that appears throughout the Bible, so preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to many people around him. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The quotation from [Isaiah 42:1–4](../isa/42/01.md) in [12:18–21](../12/18.md)\n\nMatthew quotes a long section of Isaiah in this chapter. However, he does not quote every line, specifically leaving out parts of [Isaiah 42:4](../isa/42/04.md). Also, in many places his quotation does not directly match the Hebrew version of Isaiah. However, since Matthew quotes these verses for a specific reason and in a different language (Greek), you should translate what Matthew wrote, not what you might find in [Isaiah 42:1–4](../isa/42/01.md).
12:1	m2n1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ	1	The phrase **At that time** introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Soon after that,” or “Then,”
12:1	xte6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τοῖς Σάββασιν	1	Here Matthew uses the phrase **on the Sabbaths** to indicate that this event occurred on one specific Sabbath day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on one of the Sabbath days” or “during a Sabbath day”
12:1	tvt9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τῶν σπορίμων	1	The word **grainfields** refers to places where grain is grown and harvested. This grain is usually ground and made into bread. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of field, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “fields where grain is grown”
12:1	rgpc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **but** introduces a contrast with how people were expected to behave **on the Sabbaths**, which included not picking grain or other crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces this contrast. Alternate translation: “but, even though it was the Sabbath,” or “and, despite the fact that it was the Sabbath,”
12:1	y5vr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	στάχυας	1	The **heads** are the topmost part of the grain plant, which is a kind of tall grass. The heads hold the mature grain or seeds of the plant, which are the parts that people eat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this more explicitly. Alternate translation: “the tops of the grain plants” or “the edible parts of the grain plants”
12:2	dkze		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** is meant to draw the attention of Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the person to listen or pay attention. Alternate translation: “See” or “Pay attention:”
12:2	x6pp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σου	1	Here, the word **your** is singular since the Pharisees are speaking to Jesus.
12:2	swl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ποιοῦσιν ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν ποιεῖν ἐν Σαββάτῳ	1	The Pharisees considered even the small action of picking heads of grain to be harvesting, and therefore work. This kind of work was prohibited on the **Sabbath**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “are harvesting grain, and that is work that is not lawful to do on the Sabbath”
12:3-4	d712		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ, ὅτε ἐπείνασεν καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ & πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως ἔφαγεν, ὃ οὐκ ἐξὸν ἦν αὐτῷ φαγεῖν, οὐδὲ τοῖς μετ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν μόνοις?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show the Pharisees that they should have learned a principle from the story about **David** that indicates that they are wrong to criticize the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have not understood what you have read about what David did when he was hungry, and the ones with him—how he went into the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which was not lawful for him to eat nor for the ones with him, except only for the priests.”
12:3-4	ov8o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησεν Δαυεὶδ, ὅτε ἐπείνασεν καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ & πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως ἔφαγεν, ὃ οὐκ ἐξὸν ἦν αὐτῷ φαγεῖν, οὐδὲ τοῖς μετ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν μόνοις?	1	Here Jesus refers to a story about **David** before he became king. The current king, Saul was trying to kill David. So, David ran away to the priest who was serving God at the time. David and the men who ran away with him were very hungry, so they asked the priest for food. The priest gave them the special bread that was laid out in God’s presence every day, and David and his men ate this bread. You can read this story in [1 Samuel 21:1–6](../1sa/21/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could include some extra information in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “Have you not read what David did when he was hungry after he escaped from King Saul, who wanted to kill him? He and the ones with him visited the priest, went into the house of God, and ate the bread of the Presence, which was not lawful for him to eat nor for the ones with him, except only for the priests.”
12:4	u3ye		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Here Jesus uses the phrase **the house of God** to refer to the tabernacle, the place where God’s presence was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the tabernacle” or “the sanctuary”
12:4	ue7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς Προθέσεως	1	The phrase **the bread of the Presence** refers to loaves of bread that were placed every day on a table in the tabernacle or temple as an offering to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the bread that was presented to God” or “the bread that was placed in God’s presence every morning”
12:4	lkx9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν μόνοις	1	Here Jesus indicates that the only people who were allowed to eat this **bread** were **the priests**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that introduces this kind of exception. Alternate translation: “since only the priests could eat it” or “which was lawful only for the priests to eat”
12:5	f79q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἢ οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε ἐν τῷ νόμῳ, ὅτι τοῖς Σάββασιν οἱ ἱερεῖς ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ τὸ Σάββατον βεβηλοῦσιν, καὶ ἀναίτιοί εἰσιν?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show the Pharisees that they should have learned a principle from the laws about priests working on **the Sabbath** that indicates that they are wrong to criticize the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Again, you have not understood what you have read in the law about how on the Sabbaths the priests in the temple profane the Sabbath, but are innocent.”
12:5	bkjv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἢ	1	Here, the word **Or** introduces a second example from the Scriptures that Jesus uses to prove his point. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces another example. Alternate translation: “Similarly,” or “Further,”
12:5	dqe9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ Σάββατον βεβηλοῦσιν	1	The priests were said to **profane the Sabbath** because they had to fulfill their priestly duties on the Sabbath. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “profane the Sabbath by doing priestly work”
12:5	i9ys		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀναίτιοί εἰσιν	1	Here Jesus means that, although the priests do work on the Sabbath, the law does not condemn them, since doing priestly work on the Sabbath is an exception to the Sabbath requirements. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “are innocent, since God permits this kind of work on the Sabbaths”
12:6	b6i0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a slight contrast with what Jesus has said about how serving in **the temple** is an exception to keeping the Sabbath. In this verse, Jesus indicates that there is an even **greater** thing that provides an exception to keeping the Sabbath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “And yet” or “But now”
12:6	um43			λέγω & ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
12:6	k4mn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	μεῖζόν	1	Here, the word **something** is a very general term. It could refer to the kingdom of God, Jesus himself, the ministry that Jesus begins, what Jesus calls his disciples to do, or many other things. If possible, you should use a general term that could refer to many or all of these things. Alternate translation: “an entity greater than” or “a new thing greater than”
12:7	wjba		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a further development of what Jesus has been saying about the Sabbath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a development, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now” or “In fact,”
12:7	ypj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary	εἰ & ἐγνώκειτε τί ἐστιν, ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν, οὐκ ἂν κατεδικάσατε τοὺς ἀναιτίους	1	Jesus is making a conditional statement that sounds hypothetical, but he is already convinced that the condition is not true. He has concluded that the Pharisee have not understood this quotation, because they have indeed **condemned the innocent**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a condition that the speaker believes is not true. Alternate translation: “since you do not know what this is, ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice,’ you have condemned the innocent”
12:7	pp9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τί ἐστιν	1	Here Jesus means that they should learn what the passage he is about to quote means. See how you translated this phrase in [9:13](../09/13.md). Alternate translation: “what this means” or “the meaning of this passage”
12:7	e1ju		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἔλεος θέλω καὶ οὐ θυσίαν	1	Here Jesus introduces a quotation from [Hosea 6:6](../hos/06/06.md), where God is speaking to the Israelites. Jesus has already quoted this verse in [9:13](../09/13.md), so translate it exactly as you did there.
12:7	s23l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τοὺς ἀναιτίους	1	Jesus is using the adjective **innocent** as a noun in order to describe his disciples. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are innocent” or “my innocent disciples”
12:7	wc5o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοὺς ἀναιτίους	1	Here Jesus means that his disciples are **innocent** of breaking the Sabbath laws. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “those who are innocent of breaking the Sabbath” or “those who have not disobeyed Sabbath laws”
12:8	oy77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces the basis for what Jesus has said about the Sabbath in the previous verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I can say those things because” or “Here is why I am able to say such things:”
12:8	l7g3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ἐστιν & ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, am”
12:8	nca0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. See how you translated the title in [8:20](../08/20.md). Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
12:8	o3op		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	Κύριος & ἐστιν τοῦ Σαββάτου	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **Lord** who rules over **the Sabbath**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “has authority over the Sabbath” or “rules over the Sabbath”
12:9	oy4m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκεῖθεν	1	Here, the phrase **from there** refers to the grainfields that Jesus and his disciples were walking through when the Pharisees confronted them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from those fields” or “from that place”
12:9	y4me		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τὴν συναγωγὴν αὐτῶν	1	The pronoun **their** refers to the Jewish people living in this region. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the Jewish synagogue” or “the synagogue in that area”
12:10	h5q8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	ἰδοὺ, ἄνθρωπος χεῖρα ἔχων ξηράν	1	Matthew is using the phrase **behold, a man** to introduce this man with a **a withered hand** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “a certain man was in the synagogue, and he had a withered hand”
12:10	xb13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	χεῖρα ἔχων ξηράν	1	This means that the man’s hand was damaged in such a way that he could not stretch it out. It was probably bent almost into a fist, making it look smaller. Use a word or phrase that expresses this idea clearly. Alternate translation: “having a shriveled hand” or “whose hand was atrophied”
12:10	dn3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἐπηρώτησαν & κατηγορήσωσιν	1	The pronoun **they** in both cases could refer to: (1) the Pharisees, the ones who had asked about the disciples picking grain on the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “these Pharisees questioned … they might accuse” (2) some people who were in the synagogue. Alternate translation: “some people there questioned … they might accuse”
12:10	c1cc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτὸν & αὐτοῦ	1	The pronoun **him** in both places refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Jesus … Jesus”
12:10	s9bt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they asked”
12:10	nabg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	λέγοντες, εἰ ἔξεστι τοῖς Σάββασιν θεραπεύειν? ἵνα	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “asking whether it was lawful to heal on the Sabbaths, in order that”
12:10	x6ck		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα	1	Here, the phrase **so that** introduces the purpose for which the Pharisees ask this question. They intend to **accuse** Jesus based on how he answers the question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of purpose. Alternate translation: “so that, when he answered,” or “They asked this question so that”
12:10	odoz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κατηγορήσωσιν αὐτοῦ	1	Here Matthew implies that they would accuse Jesus of breaking the Sabbath commandments. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they could accuse him of wrongdoing” or “they could accuse him of breaking the law of Moses”
12:11	ng4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίς ἔσται ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνθρωπος, ὃς ἕξει πρόβατον ἕν, καὶ ἐὰν ἐμπέσῃ τοῦτο τοῖς Σάββασιν εἰς βόθυνον, οὐχὶ κρατήσει αὐτὸ καὶ ἐγερεῖ?	1	Jesus uses a question to respond to the Pharisees. He is challenging them to think about what kind of work they do on the Sabbath. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Every man among you, if he has one sheep that falls into a pit on the Sabbaths, will definitely grasp hold of it and lift it out.” or “There is no man among you who, having one sheep that falls into a pit on the sabbaths, will not grasp hold of it and lift it out!”
12:11	adjn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	τίς ἔσται ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνθρωπος, ὃς ἕξει πρόβατον ἕν, καὶ ἐὰν ἐμπέσῃ τοῦτο τοῖς Σάββασιν εἰς βόθυνον, οὐχὶ κρατήσει αὐτὸ καὶ ἐγερεῖ	1	Here Jesus uses an imaginary situation to help explain when it is appropriate to work **on the Sabbaths**. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “What would one of you do if you had one sheep, and it fell into a pit on the Sabbaths? You would grasp hold of it and lift it out, wouldn’t you”
12:11	mays		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πρόβατον ἕν	1	Here, the phrase **one sheep** could imply that: (1) the person only ones **one sheep**. Alternate translation: “only one sheep” (2) the person ones more than one sheep, but only this **one** falls into **a pit**. Alternate translation: “a sheep”
12:11	yzvn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἄνθρωπος	1	Although the term **man** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “person”
12:11	kdjb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τοῖς Σάββασιν	1	Here Jesus uses the phrase **on the Sabbaths** to indicate that this event would occur on a Sabbath day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on one of the Sabbath days” or “during a Sabbath day”
12:11	zie4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐχὶ κρατήσει αὐτὸ καὶ ἐγερεῖ	1	Here Jesus implies that these actions are considered work, which would normally break the Sabbath commandments. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this idea more explicitly. Alternate translation: “will not work on the Sabbath by grasping hold of it and lifting it out”
12:12	s2tu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πόσῳ οὖν διαφέρει ἄνθρωπος προβάτου?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show that **a man** is **more valuable** than **a sheep** and should be treated accordingly. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “A man, then, is more valuable than a sheep.” or “A man, then, is much more valuable than a sheep!”
12:12	zno4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πόσῳ οὖν διαφέρει ἄνθρωπος προβάτου?	1	Here Jesus implies that, since even on Sabbath days people help sheep that are less valuable, they should also help people, who are more valuable, even on Sabbath days. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “How much more valuable, then is a man than a sheep? So, even on the Sabbaths, you should assist other people more than you assist sheep.”
12:12	ot8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	πόσῳ οὖν διαφέρει ἄνθρωπος	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could move the transition word **then** to the beginning of the question. Alternate translation: “Then how much more valuable is a man than”
12:12	no9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **then** introduces an inference based on what Jesus said about the **sheep** in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an inference. Alternate translation: “given what I have said about sheep” or “in light of that”
12:12	modr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἄνθρωπος	1	Although the term **man** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “is a person”
12:12	b1ci		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὥστε ἔξεστιν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces an inference based on what Jesus has said about sheep and people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces an inference. Alternate translation: “Because of those things, you can see that it is lawful” or “Since that is true, you can tell that it is lawful”
12:12	efle			καλῶς ποιεῖν	1	Alternate translation: “to help people”
12:13	valq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
12:13	be8u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	ἔκτεινόν σου τὴν χεῖρα.	1	This was not a command that the man was capable of obeying. Instead, this was a command that directly caused the man to be healed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea more explicitly. Alternate translation: “I heal you. Now stretch out your hand!”
12:13	n1wj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἔκτεινόν σου τὴν χεῖρα	1	Here, the command and the word **your** are singular since Jesus is speaking to the man with the withered hand.
12:13	jry3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀπεκατεστάθη, ὑγιὴς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus. Alternate translation: “it became healthy” or “Jesus restored it to health”
12:13	twyj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀπεκατεστάθη, ὑγιὴς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **health**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “it was made healthy”
12:13	ybhk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἡ ἄλλη	1	Matthew is using the adjective **other** as a noun to mean the man’s other hand. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the other hand”
12:14	zbkn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,”
12:14	l88i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	συμβούλιον ἔλαβον κατ’ αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **took counsel against him** indicates that **the Pharisees** were working together to figure out ways to harm Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “made plans concerning Jesus” or “came up with ideas about how they could harm Jesus”
12:15	hnff		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
12:15	mh7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	γνοὺς	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus **perceived** that the Pharisees were planning to kill him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this idea more explicitly. Alternate translation: “having perceived that they were taking counsel against him”
12:15	qugq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκεῖθεν	1	Here, the word **there** refers to the area where Jesus had been when he healed the man with the withered hand. If it would be helpful in your language, you express that idea more explicitly. Alternate translation: “from that region” or “from where he had healed the man”
12:15	gbqr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πολλοί	1	Matthew is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “many others”
12:15	lbo1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αὐτοὺς πάντας	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus healed **all** the people who were sick. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all of them who had diseases”
12:16	sqxj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	αὐτοῖς ἵνα μὴ φανερὸν αὐτὸν ποιήσωσιν	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “them, ‘Do not make me known,’”
12:16	hrvz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς ἵνα μὴ & ποιήσωσιν	1	The pronoun **them** could refer to: (1) all the people who were following Jesus. Alternate translation: “all of them that they might not make” (2) just the people whom he healed. Alternate translation: “those he had healed that they might not make”
12:16	ckgx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μὴ φανερὸν αὐτὸν ποιήσωσιν	1	Here, the phrase **make him known** refers to telling many people about him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they might not talk about him with may other people” or “they might not speak about him with everyone”
12:17	mcd7				0	This verse is identical to [4:14](../04/14.md), so express the idea as you did there.
12:18-21	vyt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations		0	In these verses, Matthew quotes parts of [Isaiah 42:1–4](../isa/42/01.md). He leaves out parts of [Isaiah 42:4](../isa/42/04.md), and in many places his quotation does not match the Hebrew version of Isaiah. So, translate what Matthew writes, not what you might read in [Isaiah 42:1–4](../isa/42/01.md).
12:18	lrj1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ, ὁ παῖς μου	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “Look, my servant” or “Think about my servant”
12:18	zkt7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ ἀγαπητός μου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one whom I love”
12:18	rgsy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	εἰς ὃν εὐδόκησεν ἡ ψυχή μου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who pleases my soul”
12:18	s6a4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	εὐδόκησεν ἡ ψυχή μου	1	God is using **my soul** to represent himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I myself am well pleased”
12:18	dmap		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	εὐδόκησεν	1	Here the past tense indicates that God **was well pleased** with the **servant** and continues to be **well pleased**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense makes this clear. Alternate translation: “is well pleased” or “has been well pleased”
12:18	go3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	θήσω τὸ Πνεῦμά μου ἐπ’ αὐτόν	1	Here God speaks as if the **Spirit** were an object that he **will put** on the servant. He means that he will give the **Spirit** to the servant so that the servant can act with power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable metaphor or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will give him my Spirit” or “I will enable him to act by the power of my Spirit”
12:18	qmlm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ Πνεῦμά μου	1	Here, the phrase **my Spirit** refers to the Holy Spirit. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “my Holy Spirit”
12:18	uvyn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κρίσιν	1	Here, the word **justice** could indicate that: (1) God does what is just. Alternate translation: “that God is just” or “that God does what is just” (2) God will judge justly. Alternate translation: “just judgment” or “that God will judge”
12:18	jh8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κρίσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the interpretation of **justice** that you chose in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “that God will act justly towards the Gentiles”
12:18	oyeq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῖς ἔθνεσιν	1	Here, the words translated **to the Gentiles** could refer to: (1) people who are not Jewish. Alternate translation: “to Gentile people” (2) all people, including Jewish people. Alternate translation: “to the nations” or “to all peoples”
12:19	gj1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ	1	Here, **his voice** represents him speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “him talking”
12:19	jr87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν ταῖς πλατείαις	1	In Jesus’ culture, **the streets** were public, noisy places. The author of the quotation uses the phrase **the streets** as an example of any public, noisy place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer a similar place in your culture. Alternate translation: “in the public square” or “in noisy places where there are many people”
12:20	kbu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	κάλαμον συντετριμμένον οὐ κατεάξει, καὶ λίνον τυφόμενον οὐ σβέσει	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “He will not break a bruised reed; yes, he will not quench a smoking flax”
12:20	cdk2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κάλαμον συντετριμμένον οὐ κατεάξει	1	Here the author of the quotation speaks of weak or suffering people as if they were **a bruised** or damaged **reed**. He means that Jesus will not ignore or hurt these people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or use plain language. Alternate translation: “He will not hurt suffering people, which would be like breaking a bruised reed” or “He will not hurt suffering people”
12:20	p3f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	λίνον τυφόμενον οὐ σβέσει	1	Here the author of the quotation speaks of weak or suffering people as if they were **a smoking flax**. He means that Jesus will not ignore or hurt these people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or use plain language. Alternate translation: “He will not ignore injured people, which would be like quenching a smoking flax” or “He will not ignore injured people”
12:20	y8mn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	λίνον τυφόμενον	1	A **flax** is a piece of cloth or thread made out parts of the flax plant. People in the author’s culture would use these pieces of cloth or thread as lamp wicks. If the **flax** was **smoking**, it was not burning properly and would normally be thrown away and replaced. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of cloth and its use, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a smoldering wick” or “a lamp that is barely burning”
12:20	sqy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	ἕως	1	Here, the word **until** indicates that the servant will continue to act as this verse describes up to the time when the goal of **justice** is accomplished. It does not mean that the servant will start acting differently at that time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that indicates a duration of time to a point in the future. Alternate translation: “up to the time when”
12:20	iytt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐκβάλῃ & τὴν κρίσιν	1	Here, the phrase **casts out** indicates that the servant is producing **justice** or causing **justice** to happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he produces justice” or “he causes justice to happen”
12:20	gqb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	εἰς νῖκος	1	Here, the phrase **to victory** could mean that **justice**: (1) is accomplished successfully. Alternate translation: “successfully” or “completely” (2) lasts forever. Alternate translation: “forever”
12:20	b6tw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐκβάλῃ εἰς νῖκος τὴν κρίσιν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas of **justice** or **victory**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the choices you made in the previous two notes. Alternate translation: “he successfully accomplishes what is just” or “he makes everything just forever”
12:21	voi4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν	1	Here the author of the quotation implies that the **Gentiles will hope** for the servant to help or save them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Gentiles will hope in his name, that he will help them” or “Gentiles will hope in his name, that he will save them”
12:21	w3rq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ	1	Here, **name** represents the person who has that name. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in my servant”
12:21	qf3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔθνη	1	Here, just as in [12:18](../12/18.md), the words translated **the Gentiles** could refer to: (1) people who are not Jewish. Alternate translation: “Gentile people” (2) all people, including Jewish people. Alternate translation: “the nations” or “all peoples”
12:22	nba2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	τότε	1	The word **Then** introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time later,”
12:22	vilg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	προσηνέχθη αὐτῷ δαιμονιζόμενος, τυφλὸς καὶ κωφός	1	Matthew is using the phrase **one being demon-possessed** to introduce this man as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “a person was brought to Jesus. He was demon-possessed, blind, and mute”
12:22	f54d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προσηνέχθη αὐτῷ δαιμονιζόμενος, τυφλὸς καὶ κωφός	1	Here Matthew implies that the demon made the man **blind and mute**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “one being possessed by a demon that made him blind and mute was brought to Jesus”
12:22	e1g4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	προσηνέχθη αὐτῷ δαιμονιζόμενος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “they brought to him one being demon-possessed”
12:22	osqr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δαιμονιζόμενος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “one whom a demon had possessed”\n
12:22	k2vt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τυφλὸς καὶ κωφός	1	A **mute** person is a person who cannot speak, and a **blind** person is a person who cannot see. If your readers would not be familiar with these types of disorders or illnesses, you could use the names of similar things in your area or you could use more general terms. Alternate translation: “who was unable to talk or see things”
12:22	fpxp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτόν	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus **healed** the man in every, which would include casting out the demon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he cast out the demon and healed him”
12:22	aewk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν κωφὸν	1	Here Matthew uses the phrase **the mute one** to indicate that the man had been **mute**, and also **blind**, before Jesus healed him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that this phrase describes what the man was like before Jesus healed him, or you could refer back to the man in a different way. Alternate translation: “the man who had been mute and blind” or “he”
12:23	m743		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐξίσταντο	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “marveled”
12:23	r065		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	μήτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς Δαυείδ	1	The **crowds** are using the question form to suggest that Jesus might be **the Son of David**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “This might be the Son of David.” or “Maybe this is the Son of David!”
12:23	h8kf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ υἱὸς Δαυείδ	1	Here, the word **Son** means a male descendant. It does not mean that Jesus was the direct son of David. Express the idea as you did in [9:27](../09/27.md). Alternate translation: “Descendant of David” or “you who are descended from David”
12:23	ink7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ὁ υἱὸς Δαυείδ	1	**David** was Israel’s most important king, and God had promised him that one of his descendants would be the Messiah. So the title **Son of David** could implicitly mean “Messiah.” Express the idea as you did in [9:27](../09/27.md). Alternate translation: “Son of David, Messiah”
12:24	jibk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀκούσαντες	1	Here Matthew implies that Pharisees heard what the crowds were asking about Jesus (see [12:23](../12/23.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having heard what the crowds were asking”
12:24	p1mi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	οὗτος οὐκ ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια, εἰ μὴ ἐν τῷ Βεελζεβοὺλ	1	If, in your language, it would appear that the Pharisees were making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “He is only able to cast out demons by Beelzebul”
12:24	r1ls		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ Βεελζεβοὺλ	1	These people are using the name of this chief demon to refer by association to his power, which they are accusing Jesus of using. Alternate translation: “by the power of Beelzebul”
12:25	plnm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
12:25	i1sd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	πᾶσα βασιλεία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς ἐρημοῦται, καὶ πᾶσα πόλις ἢ οἰκία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς οὐ σταθήσεται	1	Here, Jesus uses or invents two proverbs in order to teach the Pharisees that his power cannot come from the same source as the demon’s power. Translate these proverbs in such a way that they will be recognized as proverbs and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “If a kingdom is divided against itself, it will be made desolate. Similarly, if a city or a house is divided against itself, it will not stand”
12:25	ll42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	πᾶσα βασιλεία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς ἐρημοῦται, καὶ πᾶσα πόλις ἢ οἰκία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς οὐ σταθήσεται	1	These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the sentences with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second sentence is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate; indeed, every city or house divided against itself will not stand”
12:25	g9ec		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πᾶσα βασιλεία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς ἐρημοῦται, καὶ πᾶσα πόλις ἢ οἰκία μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς οὐ σταθήσεται	1	Here, the words **kingdom**, **city**, and **house** represent the people who live in those places. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use equivalent expressions from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “People in one kingdom who are divided against each other will be made desolate, and people in one city or house who are divided against each other will not stand”
12:25	rvzh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μερισθεῖσα καθ’ ἑαυτῆς	-1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that attacks itself … that attacks itself”
12:25	yoav		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐρημοῦται	-1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “ruins itself” or “destroys itself”
12:25	za8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὐ σταθήσεται	1	Here, the phrase **will not stand** means that the **city or house** will not exist much longer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will fall” or “will no longer exist”
12:26	yixz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary	εἰ ὁ Σατανᾶς τὸν Σατανᾶν ἐκβάλλει, ἐφ’ ἑαυτὸν ἐμερίσθη	1	Jesus is making a conditional statement that sounds hypothetical, but he is already convinced that the condition is not true. He has concluded that **Satan** is not **divided against himself**, because Satan has not **been divided against himself**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a condition that the speaker believes is not true. Alternate translation: “were Satan to cast out Satan, he would have been divided against himself”
12:26	i42r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ Σατανᾶς τὸν Σατανᾶν ἐκβάλλει	1	In both places, **Satan** represents people who act by the power of Satan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Satan’s followers cast out Satan’s followers” or “those who act by Satan’s power cast out others who also act by Satan’s power”
12:26	siu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐφ’ ἑαυτὸν ἐμερίσθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he has attacked himself”
12:26	ah7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πῶς οὖν σταθήσεται ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ	1	Jesus is using the question form to show that Satan’s **kingdom** will not **stand** if he is divided against himself. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “His kingdom, then, will not stand.” or “His kingdom will certainly not stand!”
12:26	ce2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σταθήσεται ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the word **stand** means that the **kingdom** would exist for a long time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will his kingdom continue to exist” or “will his kingdom remain”
12:27	ntcv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-contrary	εἰ ἐγὼ ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια, οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν ἐν τίνι ἐκβάλλουσιν	1	Jesus is making a conditional statement that sounds hypothetical, but he is already convinced that the condition is not true. He knows that he does not **cast out demons by Beelzebul**, but he wants to show what would also be true if he did **cast out demons by Beelzebul**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a condition that the speaker believes is not true. Alternate translation: “were I to be casting out the demons by Beelzebul, by whom would your sons be casting them out”
12:27	f00a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰ ἐγὼ ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια, οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν ἐν τίνι ἐκβάλλουσιν	1	The implication is that the people challenging Jesus would not say that their own followers were using the power of Beelzebul, and so they should agree that he is not using that power himself. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “if I cast out the demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your sons cast them out? Since you do not believe that they cast out demons by Beelzebul, it must not be true about me, either.”
12:27	gee9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν ἐν τίνι ἐκβάλλουσιν?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show that the **sons** of the Pharisees must use the same power that he uses. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “your sons cast them out by that same power” or “then your sons also cast them out by Beelzebul”
12:27	x9je		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἱ υἱοὶ ὑμῶν	1	Here, Jesus is speaking of the disciples of the Pharisees as if they were their **sons**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your disciples” or “your followers”
12:27	scn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	διὰ τοῦτο	1	Here, Jesus implies that the Pharisees would not say that their **sons** cast out demons by Beelzebul, and the phrase **Because of this** introduces a result based on this implied answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the reason for this result more explicit. Alternate translation: “Because you would not say that they cast out demons by Beelzebul,” or “Since you would not answer that they do it by Beelzebul,”
12:27	jja2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	αὐτοὶ κριταὶ ἔσονται ὑμῶν	1	Here Jesus speaks of the **sons** of the Pharisees as if they were the Pharisees’ **judges**. He means that what the **sons** proves that the Pharisees are wrong about what they have said about Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what they do proves that you are wrong” or “when they cast out demons, it shows that you have spoken falsely”
12:28	j0yv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with what the Pharisees have said about how Jesus casts out demons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “On the other hand,” or “In contrast,”
12:28	zb4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact	εἰ & ἐν Πνεύματι Θεοῦ ἐγὼ ἐκβάλλω τὰ δαιμόνια, ἄρα ἔφθασεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Jesus speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but he means that it must be true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Jesus is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “since I cast out the demons by the Spirit of God, the kingdom of God has come upon you”
12:28	r5dg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἔφθασεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **the kingdom of God** had **come upon** the Pharisees. He means that God is making where they and Jesus are into part of his **kingdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God is ruling among you” or “this region has become part of God’s kingdom”
12:29	ille		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἢ	1	Here, Jesus uses the word **Or** to introduce another explanation of the same point that he has been making. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces an alternate explanation, or you could leave **Or** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In other words,” or “Think about it this way:”
12:29	t4vu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ἢ πῶς δύναταί τις	1	To help the Pharisees understand what he has been saying, Jesus offers a brief illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. For an explanation of this parable, see the chapter introduction. Alternate translation: “Here is an illustration of what I mean: how is anyone able”
12:29	w54c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἢ πῶς δύναταί τις εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ ἰσχυροῦ καὶ τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ ἁρπάσαι, ἐὰν μὴ πρῶτον δήσῃ τὸν ἰσχυρόν?	1	Jesus is using the question form to show that a **strong man** must be **tied up** before someone can **steal his possessions**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “No one is able to enter into the house of the strong man and steal his possessions if he has not first tied up the strong man.” or “It is impossible for anyone to enter into the house of the strong man and steal his possessions if he has not first bound the strong man!”
12:29	zluo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	πῶς δύναταί τις εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ ἰσχυροῦ καὶ τὰ σκεύη αὐτοῦ ἁρπάσαι, ἐὰν μὴ πρῶτον δήσῃ τὸν ἰσχυρόν	1	If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “how, unless he has first bound the strong man, is anyone able to enter into the house of that strong man and steal his belongings”
12:29	b2et		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	μὴ πρῶτον δήσῃ & διαρπάσει	1	Although the term **he** in both these places is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person has not first bound … that person will plunder”
12:29	tsrk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῦ διαρπάσει	1	Here, the word **he** refers to the person who is stealing. The word **his** refers to the strong man. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the thief will plunder the strong man’s”
12:30	lvjf			ὁ μὴ ὢν μετ’ ἐμοῦ κατ’ ἐμοῦ ἐστιν; καὶ ὁ μὴ συνάγων μετ’ ἐμοῦ σκορπίζει	1	Jesus is not referring to a specific individual. Rather, he is making a general statement that applies to any person or group of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that refers to any person. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is not with me is against me, and anyone who does not gather with me scatters” or “Those who are not with me are against me, and those who do not gather with me scatter”
12:30	ivp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ὁ μὴ ὢν μετ’ ἐμοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **with me** describes people who support or are friendly to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The one not being my friend” or “The one not helping me”
12:30	ek1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ μὴ συνάγων μετ’ ἐμοῦ σκορπίζει	1	Here Jesus implies that people are either **gathering** other people to him as disciples or scattering other people away from Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one not gathering people to be with me scatters people away from me”
12:31	sqo5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	διὰ τοῦτο	1	Here, the phrase **For this reason** introduces a conclusion based on what Jesus has said in [12:25–30](../12/25.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a conclusion. Alternate translation: “Because of all that” or “Therefore”
12:31	x5dd			λέγω ὑμῖν, πᾶσα ἁμαρτία	1	Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** to emphasize what he is about to tell his audience. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to know that every sin”
12:31	t280		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	πᾶσα ἁμαρτία καὶ βλασφημία ἀφεθήσεται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις; ἡ δὲ τοῦ Πνεύματος, βλασφημία οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται	1	If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “the only sin or blasphemy that will not be forgiven men is the blasphemy of the Holy Spirit” or “most sins and blasphemies will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy of the Spirit will not be forgiven”
12:31	hy38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πᾶσα ἁμαρτία καὶ βλασφημία ἀφεθήσεται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις; ἡ δὲ τοῦ Πνεύματος, βλασφημία οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται	1	If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the actions, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will forgive men for every sin and blasphemy, but God will not forgive the blasphemy of the Holy Spirit”
12:31	fzao		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πᾶσα ἁμαρτία καὶ βλασφημία ἀφεθήσεται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	Here Jesus is indicating that God forgives all kinds of **sin** and **blasphemy**, not that God will forgive every single **sin** or **blasphemy**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “every sin and blasphemy can be forgiven may” or “all kinds of sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men”
12:31	kqx0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	πᾶσα ἁμαρτία καὶ βλασφημία	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **sin** and **blasphemy**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “all sinful and blasphemous things” or “whenever anyone sins or blasphemes, it”
12:31	igxn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women”
12:31	ezx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἡ & τοῦ Πνεύματος, βλασφημία	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **blasphemy** that is spoken against **the Spirit**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the blasphemy against the Spirit” or “the blasphemy spoken against the Spirit”
12:31	ho0d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἡ & τοῦ Πνεύματος, βλασφημία	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **blasphemy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “whenever anyone blasphemes against the Spirit, it”
12:32	gwx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	εἴπῃ λόγον	1	Matthew is using the term **word** to mean something spoken in words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “says anything”
12:32	h79z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “me, who am the Son of Man”
12:32	mark		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. See how you translated the title in [8:20](../08/20.md). Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
12:32	z3ma		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ & οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ	1	If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the actions, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will forgive him … God will not forgive him”
12:32	vnr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτῷ	-1	Although the terms **him** and **him** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person … that person”
12:32	lw5j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν τούτῳ τῷ αἰῶνι οὔτε ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι	1	Here, the phrase **this age** refers to the time before God judges everyone and renews the world, and the phrase **the one coming** refers to the time after God judges everyone and renews the world. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use comparable phrases or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in this life, nor in the life to come” or “before God judges everyone, nor after God judges everyone” or “now nor ever”
12:33	bi8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	ἢ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον καλὸν καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ καλόν, ἢ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον σαπρὸν καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ σαπρόν; ἐκ γὰρ τοῦ καρποῦ, τὸ δένδρον γινώσκεται	1	Here Jesus speaks of people as if they were trees that produced fruit. It makes sense to say that a tree and its fruit together are either **good** or **rotten**. It does not make sense to say that a tree is good and its fruit **rotten** or that a tree is **rotten** and its fruit **good**. That is because trees are **known** by their fruits. Similarly, people who follow God do what is right, and people who do not follow God do what is wrong. It does not make sense to say that someone who does what is right is not following God or that someone who does what is wrong is following God. Most likely, Jesus wishes to apply this figure of speech both to himself (a good tree) and to the Pharisees (bad trees). If possible, preserve the figure of speech or use simile form. Alternate translation: “Either make the tree good and its fruit good, or make the tree rotten and its fruit rotten. Similarly, either call people good and their deeds good, or call people bad and their deeds bad. For, just as a tree is known by its fruit, so people are known by their deeds”
12:33	rs37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἢ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον καλὸν καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ καλόν, ἢ ποιήσατε τὸ δένδρον σαπρὸν καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ σαπρόν	1	Here Jesus could be indicating that: (1) people should **make** consistent judgments or evaluations of both a tree and its fruit. Alternate translation: “Either consider both the tree and its fruit good, or consider both the tree and its rotten bad” (2) people can **make** a tree either **good** or **rotten** by how they care for that tree. Then, the tree will **make** fruit that fits with how people cared for that tree. Alternate translation: “Either make the tree good, and it will make its fruit good, or make the tree rotten, and it will make its fruit rotten” or “Either make the tree good, and its fruit will be good, or make the tree rotten, and its fruit will be rotten” (3) a tree produces fruit that fits with what kind of tree it is. Alternate translation: “Either a tree is good and produces good fruit, or a tree is rotten and produces rotten fruit”
12:33	kl16		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τὸ δένδρον	-1	The word **tree** represents trees in general, not one particular tree. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “any tree … any tree … every tree”
12:33	ot3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	-1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why a **tree** and **its fruit** must either be **good** or **rotten**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “since” or “which I command because”
12:33	nx9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐκ & τοῦ καρποῦ, τὸ δένδρον γινώσκεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “people know the tree by its fruit”
12:34	r1uv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν & ὄντες	1	Translate this metaphor as you did in [3:7](../03/07.md). Alternate translation: “You are like poisonous creatures! Being” or “You wicked people! Being”
12:34	o2xp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	πονηροὶ ὄντες	1	Here, the phrase **being evil** gives the reason why Jesus implies that the Pharisees cannot **say good things**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “since you are evil”
12:34	e7x3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πῶς δύνασθε ἀγαθὰ λαλεῖν	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the Pharisees for failing to speak **good things**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “you are certainly not able to say good things” or “you are never able to say good things!”
12:34	kywr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why **evil** people cannot **say good things**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “The reason you are not able to say good things is that”
12:34	hgku		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐκ & τοῦ περισσεύματος τῆς καρδίας, τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **the heart** were a container that could be full of an **abundance** of thoughts or desires. When **the heart** is full, it overflows out through **the mouth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whatever fills the heart comes out of the mouth” or “whatever is in the heart is what the mouth speaks”
12:34	mbh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τῆς καρδίας, τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ	1	The words **heart** and **mouth** represents people’s hearts and mouths in general, not one particular person’s heart and mouth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “of their hearts people’s mouths speak”
12:34	e9bg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῆς καρδίας	1	In Matthew’s culture, **the heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by stating the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of the thoughts” or “of the desires”
12:34	i7c6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ	1	Here, the word **mouth** represents the person as a whole, in the act of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the person speaks”
12:35	r3uw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ ἐκβάλλει ἀγαθά; καὶ ὁ πονηρὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ θησαυροῦ ἐκβάλλει πονηρά	1	Here, Jesus uses or invents a proverb in order to teach that people say and do whatever they value and think about. Translate this proverb in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “A good man brings forth good things from his good treasure. Similarly, an evil man brings forth evil things from his evil treasure”
12:35	l00m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ & ὁ πονηρὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ θησαυροῦ	1	Although the terms **man** and **his** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “The good person from his or her good treasure … the evil person from his or her evil treasure”
12:35	utja		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος & ὁ πονηρὸς ἄνθρωπος	1	The phrases **The good man** and **the evil man** represents good and evil men in general, not two particular men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Every good man … every evil man”
12:35	kjwb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ ἐκβάλλει ἀγαθά & ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ θησαυροῦ ἐκβάλλει πονηρά	1	Jesus is speaking of the thoughts and desires of people as if they were their **treasure** that they bring forth when they act and especially when they speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable metaphor or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the good things that he values produces good things … from the evil things that he values produces evil things” or “from his good thoughts speaks good things … from his evil thoughts speaks evil things”
12:35	cgaq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ & τοῦ πονηροῦ θησαυροῦ	1	Here, the word **treasure** could refer to: (1) a place where treasures are kept or stored. Alternate translation: “his good treasury … his evil treasury” or “his storehouse of good things … his storehouse of evil things” (2) the treasures that the person has. Alternate translation: “his good treasures … his evil treasures”
12:36	bpbn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a development in what Jesus is saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a development, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”
12:36	i2bs			λέγω & ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
12:36	bre6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πᾶν ῥῆμα ἀργὸν	1	Here, the word **careless** could indicate that the **word** is: (1) unproductive or useless. In other words, the **word** does not accomplish anything. Alternate translation: “every unproductive word” or “every word with no value” (2) hurtful to others, even if the person who said it did not intend it to be hurtful. Alternate translation: “every hurtful word” or “every damaging word”
12:36	t2pj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	οἱ ἄνθρωποι	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women”
12:36	vhoy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀποδώσουσιν περὶ αὐτοῦ λόγον	1	Here, to **give an account** refers to giving reasons and explanations for something that one has done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will have to give reasons for it” or “they will have to explain it”
12:36	ay18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **day** on which **judgment** will happen. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “on the day when God judges everyone”
12:36	ir83		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κρίσεως	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when people are judged”
12:37	humh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation of what Jesus said in the previous verse about the day of judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a further explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,”
12:37	a67d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἐκ & τῶν λόγων σου δικαιωθήσῃ, καὶ ἐκ τῶν λόγων σου καταδικασθήσῃ	1	These two clauses use the same form to give two options. The second provides a contrasting alternative to the first. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine parts of the two clauses together to form a natural contrast in your language. Alternate translation: “by your words you will be justified or condemned” or “by your words either you will be justified or you will be condemned”
12:37	c8sf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	τῶν λόγων σου δικαιωθήσῃ & τῶν λόγων σου καταδικασθήσῃ	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many people, he is addressing an individual situation, so **your** and **you** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation.
12:37	qw5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δικαιωθήσῃ & καταδικασθήσῃ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will justify you … God will condemn you”
12:38	y3nj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”\n
12:38	ikg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπὸ σοῦ σημεῖον ἰδεῖν	1	The implication is that the people who were challenging Jesus wanted him to do a miracle to prove that his authority came from God. Alternate translation: “to see you do a sign that shows that your authority is from God”
12:38	jpx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σοῦ	1	Here, the word **you** is singular since the scribes and Pharisees are speaking to Jesus.
12:39	d8b9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς σημεῖον ἐπιζητεῖ, καὶ σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ	1	Jesus is speaking about his audience in the third person instead of directly addressing them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the second person here instead. Alternate translation: “You, an evil and adulterous generation, seek a sign, but no sign will be given to you”
12:39	amqo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς & ἐπιζητεῖ & αὐτῇ	1	Here, **generation** represents the people who are part of the **generation**, which means that they are adults who are currently alive. See how you translated the similar expression in [11:16](../11/16.md). Alternate translation: “today’s people, who are evil and adulterous, seek … to them” or “Evil and adulterous people of this generation seek … to them”
12:39	a5di		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	μοιχαλὶς	1	Here Jesus speaks of people who do not fully trust and obey God as if they were **adulterous**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “unfaithful” or “disobedient”\n
12:39	rng3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	σημεῖον	1	Here, just as in [12:38](../12/38.md), the implication is that the **sign** is a miracles that proves that Jesus’ authority comes from God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a sign that shows that my authority is from God”
12:39	j21p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	καὶ σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ, εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ τοῦ προφήτου	1	If it would appear in your language that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “but the only sign that it will be given is the sign of Jonah the prophet”
12:39	c6hy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it could be: (1) God the Father. Alternate translation: “God will not give it a sign” (2) Jesus. Alternate translation: “I will not give it a sign”
12:39	ttlo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ τοῦ προφήτου	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **sign** that happened to **Jesus**. Jesus will describe this sign in the following verse. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the sign that Jonah the prophet experienced” or “the sign related to Jonah the prophet”
12:40	kexs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation of “the sign of Jonah” (see [12:39](../12/39.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Here is that sign:” or “Now”
12:40	hzem		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὥσπερ & ἦν Ἰωνᾶς ἐν τῇ κοιλίᾳ τοῦ κήτους τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ τρεῖς νύκτας	1	Here Jesus refers to part of the story of **Jonah**. God told Jonah to preach to people in the town of Nineveh, but Jonah ran away instead. God had a **big fish** swallow Jonah, and Jonah was inside this fish for **three days and three nights**. After that, God had the fish spit Jonah out. You can read this story in [Jonah 1–2](../jon/01/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could include some extra information in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “just Jonah was swallowed by a big fish and was in its belly for three days and three nights before it spit him out”
12:40	vh9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ τρεῖς νύκτας	-1	The phrase **three days and three nights** refers to three periods of 24 hours in a row. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “three straight days … three straight days”
12:40	m56i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τῇ κοιλίᾳ τοῦ κήτους	-1	Here, the phrase **big fish** refers to any large creature that lives in the sea or ocean. Its **belly** is its stomach. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of sea creature, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the stomach of the large sea creature” or “the stomach of the sea monster”
12:40	iuv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man,”
12:40	lvtm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. See how you translated the title in [8:20](../08/20.md). Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
12:40	v691		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ τῆς γῆς τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ τρεῖς νύκτας	1	Here Jesus implies that after the **three days and three nights** he will no longer be **in the heart of the earth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “three days and three nights in the heart of the earth, and then he will arise”
12:40	gg65		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ τῆς γῆς	1	Here, the phrase **the heart of the earth** refers to how people are buried deep in the ground. Jesus means that he will be in a tomb for **three days and three nights**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “deep in the ground” or “in a grave”
12:41	sn8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἄνδρες Νινευεῖται ἀναστήσονται ἐν τῇ κρίσει μετὰ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης, καὶ κατακρινοῦσιν αὐτήν; ὅτι μετενόησαν εἰς τὸ κήρυγμα Ἰωνᾶ; καὶ ἰδοὺ, πλεῖον Ἰωνᾶ ὧδε	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second half of the verse gives the reason for the result that the first half of the verse describes. Alternate translation: “The men of Nineveh repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, something greater than Jonah is here. So, they will rise up in the judgment with this generation and condemn it”
12:41	gnh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἄνδρες	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “The inhabitants” or “The men and women”
12:41	s5tq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἀναστήσονται ἐν τῇ κρίσει μετὰ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης	1	Here, the phrase **rise up** could mean: (1) to stand up. In this culture, people would stand up to give testimony in a legal proceeding. Alternate translation: “will stand up at the judgment to give testimony before God against this generation” (2) to resurrect. Alternate translation: “will be resurrected with this generation at the judgment”
12:41	b94i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀναστήσονται ἐν τῇ κρίσει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “will, when people are judged, rise up”
12:41	x8gm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης & αὐτήν	1	Translate the phrase **this generation** as you did in [12:39](../12/39.md). Alternate translation: “today’s people … them” or “the people of this generation … them”
12:41	qg29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **Behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “see” or “listen carefully”
12:41	dbs3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πλεῖον Ἰωνᾶ ὧδε	1	Here Jesus implies that the people of **this generation** have not repented, unlike the **men of Nineveh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “something greater than Jonah is here, but you have not repented”
12:41	zb6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	πλεῖον	1	Here, the phrase **something greater** is a very general term. It could refer to the kingdom of God, Jesus himself, the ministry that Jesus begins, what Jesus calls his disciples to do, or many other things. If possible, you should use a general term that could refer to many or all of these things. See how you translated the similar phrase in [12:6](../12/06.md). Alternate translation: “an entity greater than” or “a new thing greater than”\n
12:42	ikb0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	βασίλισσα νότου ἐγερθήσεται ἐν τῇ κρίσει μετὰ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης, καὶ κατακρινεῖ αὐτήν; ὅτι ἦλθεν ἐκ τῶν περάτων τῆς γῆς ἀκοῦσαι τὴν σοφίαν Σολομῶνος; καὶ ἰδοὺ, πλεῖον Σολομῶνος ὧδε	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second half of the verse gives the reason for the result that the first half of the verse describes. Alternate translation: “The Queen of the South came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and behold, something greater than Solomon is here. So, she will stand up in the judgment with this generation and condemn it”
12:42	zwv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	βασίλισσα νότου	1	Here, the phrase **The Queen of the South** refers to the **Queen** of the country called Sheba. Sheba was a land south of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this more explicitly. Alternate translation: “The Queen who ruled Sheba, the country to the south,”
12:42	kku7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἐγερθήσεται ἐν τῇ κρίσει μετὰ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης	1	Here, as in [12:41](../12/41.md), the phrase **stand up** could mean: (1) to stand on one’s feet. In this culture, people would **stand up** to give testimony in a legal proceeding. Alternate translation: “will stand up at the judgment to give testimony before God against this generation” (2) to resurrect. Alternate translation: “will be resurrected with this generation at the judgment”
12:42	z46e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐγερθήσεται ἐν τῇ κρίσει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. See how you translated the similar phrase in [12:41](../12/41.md). Alternate translation: “will, when people are judged, stand up”
12:42	zc72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης & αὐτήν	1	Translate the phrase **this generation** as you did in [12:41](../12/41.md). Alternate translation: “today’s people … them” or “the people of this generation … them”
12:42	q8q8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἦλθεν ἐκ τῶν περάτων τῆς γῆς	1	Here, the phrase **the ends of the earth** describes any place that is very far away. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she traveled a long way” or “she came from a faraway place”
12:42	l710		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν σοφίαν Σολομῶνος	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Solomon speak wisely”
12:42	t521		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **Behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “see” or “listen carefully”
12:42	aj1x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πλεῖον Σολομῶνος ὧδε	1	Here Jesus implies that the people of **this generation** have not listened to wisdom, unlike the **Queen of the South**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “something greater than Solomon is here, but you have not listened”
12:42	uf5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	πλεῖον	1	Here, the phrase **something greater** is a very general term. It could refer to the kingdom of God, Jesus himself, the ministry that Jesus begins, what Jesus calls his disciples to do, or many other things. If possible, you should use a general term that could refer to many or all of these things. See how you translated the similar phrase in [12:6](../12/06.md). Alternate translation: “an entity greater than” or “a new thing greater than”
12:43	yj4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next topic that Jesus wants to speak about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
12:43	tnea		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ὅταν & τὸ ἀκάθαρτον πνεῦμα	1	To further explain what he has been saying about “this generation,” Jesus tells a short story that continues through [12:45](../12/45.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “here is an illustration about this generation: when the unclean spirit”
12:43	w48i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	ὅταν & τὸ ἀκάθαρτον πνεῦμα ἐξέλθῃ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου	1	With this clause, Jesus introduces **the unclean spirit** and **the man** as characters in his story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “there was an unclean spirit possessing a man. When the unclean spirit has gone out from the man”
12:43	f5jr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἀνύδρων τόπων	1	Jesus is describing the desert by reference to the lack of water there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a desert” or “the wilderness”
12:43	h9i2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀνάπαυσιν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **rest**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “a place to rest”
12:43	h1pk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἀνάπαυσιν	1	Here, **rest** represents a place to live or stay, which for an **unclean spirit** would be a person to possess or control. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a place to live” or “a home” or “a person to control”
12:44	jv4a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγει, εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου ἐπιστρέψω ὅθεν ἐξῆλθον. καὶ ἐλθὸν	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “it says that it will return to its house from which it came out. And having come”
12:44	ty9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	εἰς τὸν οἶκόν μου & ὅθεν ἐξῆλθον	1	Here the demon refers to the person it formerly controlled as if he were its **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the person whom I used to control, who is like a house from which I came out” or “to the man from whom I came out”
12:44	j40t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθὸν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
12:44	s6jf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	εὑρίσκει σχολάζοντα σεσαρωμένον καὶ κεκοσμημένον	1	Here Jesus refers to the person whom the demon formerly controlled as if he were a house that was **empty**, **swept out**, and **put in order**. This means that no one is living in the house, so it is ready for someone to move in. Similarly, the person is not serving or obeying anyone, so he is ready for someone to lead or control him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it finds the man like an empty house, having been swept out and put in order” or “it finds that the man is not serving anybody, but he is living a good life”
12:44	cd4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σεσαρωμένον καὶ κεκοσμημένον	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “and a person has swept it out and put it in order”
12:45	ko63		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	πορεύεται	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “comes” instead of **goes**. Alternate translation: “it comes”
12:45	tt9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰσελθόντα κατοικεῖ ἐκεῖ	1	Here Jesus implies that the evil spirits **entered** the man and live in him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they having entered the man, it resides in him”
12:45	l9do		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor	εἰσελθόντα κατοικεῖ ἐκεῖ	1	Here Jesus continues to refer to the person whom the evil spirit formerly controlled as if he were a house. When the evil spirits control the man, it is as if they are living in him as their home. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having entered, they reside there as if he were their home” or “having overpowered the man, they possess him”
12:45	hmr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κατοικεῖ	1	Here Jesus speaks of the evil spirit living in the man, but he implies that the **seven other spirits** also live in the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the spirits reside”
12:45	wint		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	γίνεται τὰ ἔσχατα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκείνου χείρονα τῶν πρώτων	1	Here, the phrase **last things** refers to situation or condition of the man after the evil spirits return. The phrase **the first things** refers to the situation or condition of the man before the first evil spirit left him. Jesus means that the man’s situation or condition is now **worse** than it was when he only had one evil spirit possessing him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that man’s condition is now worse than it was before” or “the current situation of that man has become worse than the previous situation”
12:45	v09k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ τῇ πονηρᾷ	1	Here, **generation** represents the people who are part of the **generation**, which means that they are adults who are currently alive. See how you translated the similar expression in [12:39](../12/39.md). Alternate translation: “today’s people who are evil” or “evil people of this generation”
12:46	kkhq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
12:46	i4t5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	οἱ ἀδελφοὶ	1	These were Jesus' younger **brothers**. They were sons of Mary and Joseph. Since the Father of Jesus was God, and their father was Joseph, they were actually his half-brothers. That detail is not normally translated, but if your language has a specific word for “younger brother,” you could use it here.
12:46	rg73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἵστήκεισαν ἔξω	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus’ mother and brothers arrived and then stood **outside** wherever Jesus was. Since [13:1](../13/01.md) describes Jesus leaving a house, he may have been in a house while he was teaching. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some or all of this information more explicit. Alternate translation: “had come and stood outside the house” or “had arrived outside the place where he was teaching”
12:47	rp3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants		0	Some ancient manuscripts do not include this verse. However, many ancient manuscripts do include this verse. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to include the verse, as the ULT does.
12:47	qd32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δέ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
12:47	vv5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	αὐτῷ, ἰδοὺ, ἡ μήτηρ σου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί σου ἔξω ἑστήκασιν ζητοῦντές σοι λαλῆσαι.	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “to him that his mother and his brothers had stood outside, seeking to speak to him”
12:47	fner		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** is intended to draw the attention of Jesus and to ask him to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks someone to listen or pay attention. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Excuse me”
12:47	chpt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σου & σου & σοι	1	Here, the words **your**, **your**, and **you** are singular since this person is speaking to Jesus.
12:47	jnag		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	οἱ ἀδελφοί σου	1	Translate this phrase as you did in [12:46](../12/46.md).
12:48	jat5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
12:48	orxy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	ὁ & ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν	1	Together the two words **answering** and **said** mean that Jesus responded to the information that the person gave him. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “he responded”
12:48	e535		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίς ἐστιν ἡ μήτηρ μου καὶ τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ ἀδελφοί μου?	1	Jesus is using the question form to teach his audience about whom he considers to be part of his family. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Since Jesus answers the question in [12:49](../12/49.md), you should not include an implied answer here. Alternate translation: “I will inform you about whom I call my mother and my brothers.” or “Let me tell you whom I love as if they were my mother or my brothers.”
12:48	rdd0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	οἱ ἀδελφοί μου	1	Translate **brothers** as you did in [12:46](../12/46.md).
12:49	fumh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἐκτείνας τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ	1	Here Matthew describes how Jesus used **his hand** to motion toward or indicate **his disciples**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could describe a motion that indicates a specific group of people, or you could use a general phrase. Alternate translation: “having gestured with his hand toward his disciples” or “having indicated his disciples”
12:49	jnt0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἰδοὺ, ἡ μήτηρ μου	1	Here, the word **Behold** indicates that the audience should look where Jesus indicated when he **stretched out his hand**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Consider these people to be my mother” or “These are my mother”
12:49	rxe8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἡ μήτηρ μου καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί μου	1	Here Jesus speaks of his **disciples** as if they were his **mother** and **brothers**. He means that he considers them to be part of his family. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning of the metaphor more explicitly. Alternate translation: “those whom I call my mother and my brothers” or “the people I love as if they were my mother and my brothers”
12:49	qav3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	οἱ ἀδελφοί μου	1	Translate **brothers** as you did in [12:46](../12/46.md).
12:50	e25c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation concerning why Jesus can call the disciples his mother and brothers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “I say that because”
12:50	aha6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **will**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what my Father in the heavens desires”
12:50	mq9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	**Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus his Son.
12:50	s0yb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God the **Father** is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”
12:50	gn31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	αὐτός μου ἀδελφὸς, καὶ ἀδελφὴ, καὶ μήτηρ ἐστίν	1	Here Jesus speaks of everyone who does God’s will as if they were his **brother** and **sister** and **mother**. He means that he considers them to be part of his family. Express the idea as you did in the previous verse ([12:49](../12/49.md)). Alternate translation: “I call him my brother and sister and mother” or “he is a person whom I love as if he were my brother and sister and mother”
12:50	wenb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτός	1	Although the term **he** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “he or she” or “such a person”
13:intro	s3lu				0	# Matthew 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n6. Jesus tells parables about the kingdom of God (13:1–52)\n      * The parable of the sower (13:1–9)\n      * Jesus explains why he uses parables (13:10–17)\n      * Jesus explains the parable of the sower (13:18–23)\n      * The parable of the darnel (13:24–30)\n      * The parable of the mustard seed (13:31–32)\n      * The parable of the yeast (13:33)\n      * Summary statement (13:34–35)\n      * Jesus explains the parable of the darnel (13:36–43)\n      * The parable of the treasure in the field (13:44)\n      * The parable of the pearl (13:45–46)\n      * The parable of the net (13:47–50)\n      * Jesus concludes his teaching (13:51–52)\n7. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53–17:27)\n      * Jesus visits his hometown (13:53–58)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [13:14–15](../13/14.md), which is a quote from [Isaiah 6:9–10](../isa/06/09.md), and in [13:35](../13/35.md), which is a quote from [Psalm 78:2](../psa/78/02.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Farming\n\nJesus refers to many different farming practices in this chapter. In his culture, farmers often threw seeds over their fields, a process called sowing. After throwing the seeds, they would use a tool called a plow to cover the seeds with dirt. Then, they would water and take care of the seeds until they sprouted and grew. Finally, when the plants produced grain or other kinds of crops, they would cut down the plants, separate the edible parts from the inedible parts, and store the edible parts in a safe place. See the notes on the verses in which Jesus discusses farming practices for specific information and translation options.\n\n### Darnel\n\nDarnel are plants that look much like wheat plants. However, they do not produce the same kind of grain, and the grain that they do produce is somewhat poisonous. In your translation, you could refer to a plant that looks like wheat or grain plants, or you could use a descriptive phrase. See the notes for translation options.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Parables\n\nThroughout this chapter, Jesus uses many parables to teach the crowds and his disciples. Each parable is a short story that includes a specific lesson. Jesus uses parables to teach so that people who already know his message will learn more but people who do not know his message will not learn anything (see [13:10–17](../13/10.md)). Jesus explains three of the parables, but he does not explain any of the others. Possible explanations for each parable are included below, but only for help in translation. Your translation should not directly explain the meaning of any parable more than Jesus does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n- **The parable of the sower** – In [13:3–9](../13/03.md), Jesus tells a story about a man who sows seed and about what happens to the seed. Jesus explains this parable in [13:18–23](../13/18.md). Even with this explanation, Christians debate who the sower is, what the seed represents, and what the different areas in the field represent. The sower could be Jesus himself, God, or anyone who preaches the gospel. The seed could be the gospel or the person who hears the gospel. The different areas in the field could be regions or areas where people hear the gospel, different kinds of people, or different ways of responding to the gospel. Most likely, the seed and the area in the field together describe what happens when people respond to the gospel in these four ways.\n\n- **The parable of the darnel** – In [13:24–30](../13/24.md), Jesus tells a story about a farmer who planted good seed and the farmer’s enemy who planted darnel seed in the same field. Jesus explains this parable in [13:37–43](../13/37.md). Jesus is the farmer, and the good seed are people who believe in him. The enemy is the devil, and the darnel seed are people who serve him. The farmer in the story allows the darnel to grow until the harvest, when he has them cut down and burned. Similarly, Jesus allows people who serve the devil to live until this time period ends, when he will have his angels collect these people. Then, he will judge and punish them, and he will reward those who believed in him.\n\n- **The parable of the mustard seed** – In [13:31–32](../13/31.md), Jesus tells a story about how a very small seed (a mustard seed) grows into a very large plant. Most likely, he is describing how his group of followers was very small but will eventually become very large. Jesus mentions that birds nest in the branches of this large plant. Some people think that Jesus is referring to passages like [Ezekiel 17:23](../ezk/17/23.md), which could suggest that the birds represent Gentiles who become part of God’s kingdom. Others think that the detail about the birds simply illustrates how large the plant is. If possible, your translation should allow for all of these interpretations.\n\n- **The parable of the yeast** – In [13:33](../13/33.md), Jesus tells a story about how a woman leavened a large amount of flour with some yeast. Most likely, he is describing how his message and his followers will affect many things. He could be speaking about how his message completely changes people. Or, he could be speaking about how his message and his followers will spread throughout the whole world. Or, he could be speaking about how his message and his followers are small and insignificant but affect the whole world. If possible, your translation should allow for all of these interpretations.\n\n- **The parable of the treasure in the field** – In [13:44](../13/44.md), Jesus tells a story about a worker who discovered a hidden treasure in a field that belonged to someone else. To obtain the treasure, the worker sold everything that he had and bought the field. Most likely, Jesus means that being part of God’s kingdom is very valuable, like a treasure, and people should be willing to give up everything to be part of the kingdom.\n\n- **The parable of the pearl** – In [13:45–46](../13/45.md), Jesus tells a story about a merchant who wanted to obtain valuable pearls. When he saw a very expensive pearl, he sold everything that he had and bought the pearl. Most likely, Jesus means that being part of God’s kingdom is very valuable, like an expensive pearl, and people should be willing to give up everything to be part of the kingdom.\n\n- **The parable of the net** – In [13:47–48](../13/47.md), Jesus tells a story about fishermen who use a net to catch many kinds of fish, some useful and some useless. They sort through the fish, keeping the good ones and throwing away the bad ones. Jesus explains this parable in [13:49–50](../13/49.md). The fish are like people, and the fishermen are like angels. At the end of this time period, the angels will separate righteous people from wicked people, just like the fishermen sorted the fish. Then, the wicked people will be punished, just as the useless fish were thrown away.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to many people around him. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
13:1	vx5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ	1	Here, the phrase **On that day** introduces the next major event in the story, an event that happened on the same day as the teaching recorded in the previous chapter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces an event that happened later during the same day. Alternate translation: “Sometime later that day”
13:1	avp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξελθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out”
13:1	cy1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῆς οἰκίας	1	Here Matthew refers to **the house** that Jesus was in while he was teaching what is recorded in the previous chapter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the house where had been” or “of the house in which he had been teaching”
13:1	lws0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκάθητο	1	In Jesus’ culture, teachers usually sat down when they were going to teach. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “was sitting down to instruct people” or “was sitting down as a teacher does”
13:2	d16z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	συνήχθησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὄχλοι πολλοί	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “large crowds gathered to him” or “large crowds came to listen to him”
13:2	d0v5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καθῆσθαι	1	Just as in the previous verse, Jesus **sat down** to teach. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “sat down down to instruct the people” or “sat down as a teacher does”
13:2	us0a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἐπὶ τὸν αἰγιαλὸν	1	The word **beach** refers to the ground next to a body of water when this ground is covered by sand or small rocks. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of terrain, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “on the edge of the sea” or “on the sandy area by the water”
13:3	f5mv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἐν παραβολαῖς λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “in parables. Here is what he said:”
13:3	o5f9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ἰδοὺ, ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων	1	To teach the people in the crowd, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: the sower went out”
13:3	khx4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	ἰδοὺ & ὁ σπείρων	1	Here Jesus introduces a **sower** as a character in his story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “Behold, there was a sower. He”
13:3	kcvm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **Behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **Behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “Picture this:” or “Listen”
13:4	gw0z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ σπείρειν αὐτὸν	1	While there are many ways to sow or plant seeds, here Jesus is describing a practice in which farmers pick up handfuls of seed and throw them so that they are scattered all over the top of the soil. This method is a quick and easy way to plant seeds in large fields, but some seeds land on ground that is not good for them to grow in. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit what kind of sowing this is. Alternate translation: “as he threw the seeds over the ground” or “as he scattered the seeds over the field”
13:4	qr2d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἃ μὲν ἔπεσεν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν, καὶ ἦλθεν τὰ πετεινὰ καὶ κατέφαγεν αὐτά	1	Here Jesus implies that the seeds that fall **beside the road** do not sink into the ground. Instead, they just sit on top of the hard-packed dirt by the **road** and are unprotected from birds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “some fell on the hard ground beside the road, and the birds came and easily devoured them”
13:4	cvj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἃ	1	Jesus is using the adjective **some** as a noun to mean some of the seeds. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “some seeds”
13:4	rdmi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τὰ πετεινὰ	1	The phrase **the birds** represents any birds, not particular birds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “birds”
13:5	ql87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἄλλα	1	Jesus is using the adjective **others** as a noun to mean some of the rest of the seeds that did not fall beside the road. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “some of the rest of the seeds”
13:5	dyc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰ πετρώδη, ὅπου οὐκ εἶχεν γῆν πολλήν	1	Here Jesus describes an area that has a thin layer of **soil** on top of a layer of rocks. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that describes this kind of area. Alternate translation: “a thin layer of soil on top of rocks” or “a rocky area, where there was very little soil”
13:5	njjm			οὐκ εἶχεν & ἐξανέτειλεν διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν	1	Here Jesus refers back to the **others** as a group using singular words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use plural words to refer back to the **others**. Alternate translation: “they did not have … they sprang up, because they did not have”
13:5	x4av		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	εὐθέως ἐξανέτειλεν διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν βάθος γῆς	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “because it did not have deep soil, immediately it sprang up”
13:5	nz17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐξανέτειλεν	1	Here, the phrase **sprang up** refers to how plants sprout or begin to grow. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase. Alternate translation: “it came up” or “it began to grow”
13:6	pz44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἡλίου & ἀνατείλαντος	1	Here, the phrase **the sun had risen** refers to the sun coming up over the horizon in the morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when the sun came up” or “in the morning when the sun began to shine”
13:6	nqjf			ἐκαυματίσθη καὶ διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ῥίζαν ἐξηράνθη	1	Here, much as in [13:5](../13/05.md), Jesus refers to the plants that sprouted from the seeds by using singular words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use plural words to refer to these plants. Alternate translation: “they were scorched, and because they had no roots, they withered”
13:6	qq5x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐκαυματίσθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the sun. Alternate translation: “the sun scorched it”
13:6	lswv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ῥίζαν	1	Jesus says **no root** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “it had almost no root” or “it had very small roots”
13:7	k69q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἄλλα	1	Jesus is using the adjective **others** as a noun to mean some of the rest of the seeds that did not fall beside the road or on rocky soil. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. See how you translated the word in [13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate translation: “some of the rest of the seeds”
13:7	vt8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀνέβησαν αἱ ἄκανθαι καὶ ἀπέπνιξαν αὐτά	1	Here Jesus means that the **thorns** grew quickly and took all the nutrients, water, and sunlight, so the farmer’s plants could not grow well. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the thorns grew very large and crowded them out” or “the thorns grew faster and kept them from growing well”
13:8	iwv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἄλλα	1	Jesus is using the adjective **others** as a noun to mean some of the rest of the seeds that did not fall beside the road or on rocky soil. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. See how you translated the word in [13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate translation: “some of the rest of the seeds”
13:8	d30o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐδίδου καρπόν	1	Here the word **fruit** refers to the crop that the plants that grew from the seeds produced. Since the farmer is sowing wheat seeds, this crop would be more seeds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “were producing more seeds” or “sprouted and produced a harvest”
13:8	tqs8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	καρπόν	1	Here, the word **fruit** is singular in form, but it refers to many fruits as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “fruits”
13:8	e91e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὃ μὲν ἑκατὸν, ὃ δὲ ἑξήκοντα, ὃ δὲ τριάκοντα	1	Here Jesus means that plants produced **100**, **60**, or **30** new seeds. Scholars estimate that these numbers are very good in Jesus’ time period, although not impossible or unheard of. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make these ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “and they produced a very good harvest, with some plants producing 100 seeds, and some plants producing 60 seeds, and other plants producing 30 seeds” or “many times more than the farmer planted: some 100 times more, and some 60 times more, and some 30 times more”
13:9	q2e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ ἔχων ὦτα, ἀκουέτω	1	This verse is almost identical to [11:15](../11/15.md), although that verse includes the phrase “to hear” after **ears**. Express the idea as you did in [11:15](../11/15.md), but omit the phrase “to hear” if you expressed it explicitly there.
13:10	utyp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	εἶπαν αὐτῷ, διὰ τί ἐν παραβολαῖς λαλεῖς αὐτοῖς?	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “asked him for what reason he spoke to them in parables.”
13:10	gqnu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	λαλεῖς	1	Here, the word **you** is singular since the disciples are speaking to Jesus.
13:10	b16z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the “crowd” that was standing on the shore of the sea to listen to Jesus (see [13:2](../13/02.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “to the crowd”
13:11	g2cs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
13:11	fc5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δέδοται & οὐ δέδοται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God has given … God has not given”
13:11	wmlo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὰ μυστήρια τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **mysteries** that are about **the kingdom of the heavens**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the mysteries concerning the kingdom of the heavens”
13:11	xq2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκείνοις & οὐ δέδοται	1	Here Jesus implies that **those** people have not **been given** the **mysteries of the kingdom of the heavens**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to those it has not been given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of the heavens”
13:11	mgx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἐκείνοις	1	Jesus is using the adjective **those** as a noun to mean the people whom the disciples asked him about. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to those people” or “to the crowds”
13:12	x34s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** could introduce: (1) a reason why God reveals the mysteries of the kingdom to some people and not to other people. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “Here is why that happens:” (2) an explanation concerning why God reveals the mysteries of the kingdom to some people and not to other people. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “Here is what I mean:”\n
13:12	uirc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	ὅστις & ἔχει, δοθήσεται αὐτῷ καὶ περισσευθήσεται; ὅστις δὲ οὐκ ἔχει, καὶ ὃ ἔχει ἀρθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ	1	Here, Jesus uses or invents a proverb in order to teach that people who have something usually gain more of it, while people who have very little usually lose everything. Translate this proverb in a way that will be recognized as a proverb and be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “people who have things receive more, and they have an abundance. But people who do not have things lose what they used to have”
13:12	lukr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὅστις & ἔχει, δοθήσεται αὐτῷ καὶ περισσευθήσεται; ὅστις δὲ οὐκ ἔχει, καὶ ὃ ἔχει ἀρθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus implies that what the person **has** or **does not have** is knowledge or understanding about the “mysteries of the kingdom of heaven” (see [13:11](../13/11.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “whoever has understanding, it will be given to him, and he will have an abundance. But whoever does not have understanding, even what he has will be taken away from him” or “whoever has knowledge about the kingdom, more will be given to him, and he will have an abundance of knowledge. But whoever does not have knowledge about the kingdom, even what knowledge he has will be taken away from him”
13:12	v61y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δοθήσεται & ἀρθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God will give … God will take away”
13:12	j3rl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτῷ καὶ περισσευθήσεται & ὃ ἔχει & αὐτοῦ	1	Although the terms **him** and **he** are masculine in this verse, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “to that person, and he or she will have an abundance … what that person has … him or her”
13:12	rfgc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	περισσευθήσεται	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **abundance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “he will abound” or “he will have very much”
13:12	ug61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	ὅστις δὲ οὐκ ἔχει	1	Jesus says **whoever does not have** here as a generalization for emphasis. It is clear in the second half of the sentence that the person did have something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “But whoever has almost nothing” or “But whoever does not have much”
13:13	cagw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	διὰ τοῦτο	1	Here, the pronoun **this** could refer to: (1) what Jesus is about to say, beginning with the word **because**. Alternate translation: “Here is why” (2) what Jesus said in the previous two verses. Alternate translation: “That is why” or “For those reasons”
13:13	qnsk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the “crowd” that was standing on the shore of the sea to listen to Jesus (see [13:2](../13/02.md)). Express the idea as you did in [13:10](../13/10.md). Alternate translation: “to the crowd”
13:13	b4fd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	βλέποντες οὐ βλέπουσιν, καὶ ἀκούοντες οὐκ ἀκούουσιν, οὐδὲ συνίουσιν	1	Here Jesus means that the people **see** things, but they do not look carefully. They **hear** things, but they do not listen carefully or **understand**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “although they see, they do not really see; and although they hear, they do not really hear nor understand” or “seeming to see, they do not actually see, and seeming to hear, they do not actually hear nor understand”
13:14	khve		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀναπληροῦται αὐτοῖς ἡ προφητεία Ἠσαΐου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they are fulfilling the prophecy of Isaiah” or “what they do fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah”
13:14	jz9n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἀναπληροῦται & ἡ προφητεία Ἠσαΐου ἡ λέγουσα	1	In Jesus’s culture, this was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book written by Isaiah the prophet (see [Isaiah 6:9–10](../isa/06/09.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “the prophecy from the book of Isaiah is being fulfilled. Here is the prophecy:” or “is being fulfilled what Isaiah prophesied when he wrote”\n
13:14	a1im		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication	ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε & βλέποντες βλέψετε	1	Here the author of the quotation repeats the words **hear** and **see** in order to emphasize that the people really do **hear** and **see**. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation. Otherwise, you could express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You will certainly hear … you will certainly see” or “You will indeed hear … you will indeed see”
13:14	q4cj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ	-1	The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means … by no means”
13:15	mxzy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the people hear but do not understand and see but do not perceive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “That happens since”
13:15	oz31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ἐπαχύνθη & ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἤκουσαν, καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκάμμυσαν; μήποτε ἴδωσιν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν ἀκούσωσιν, καὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν, καὶ ἐπιστρέψωσιν καὶ ἰάσομαι αὐτούς	1	The author of the quotation switches from speaking to the Israelite people in the second person (see [13:14](../13/14.md)) to speaking about them in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use second person forms in this verse. Alternate translation: “the heart of you people has been thickened, and with your ears you have hardly heard, and you have shut your eyes, lest you might see with your eyes, and you might hear with your ears, and you might understand with your heart and turn back, and I would heal you”
13:15	ljec		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἐπαχύνθη & ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἤκουσαν, καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκάμμυσαν	1	These three clauses mean basically the same thing. The second and third emphasize the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second and third phrase are repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could express the idea with just one or two clauses. Alternate translation: “the heart of this people has been thickened; yes, with their ears they have hardly heard; indeed, they have shut their eyes” or “the heart of this people has been thickened, and they barely use their ears and eyes”
13:15	tfl1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐπαχύνθη & ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου	1	Here the author of the quotation is speaking as if the **heart** of the people of Israel has literally been **thickened**. He means that they are resisting God stubbornly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “this people has been made stubborn”
13:15	n416		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	ἐπαχύνθη & ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου & τῇ καρδίᾳ	1	If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one **heart**, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “the hearts of these people have been thickened … with their hearts”
13:15	driw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐπαχύνθη & ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου & τῇ καρδίᾳ	1	In the author’s culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “the mind of this people was made dull … with their mind” or “the thoughts of this people were made dull … in their thoughts”
13:15	o0ir		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐπαχύνθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “has become thick”
13:15	ifit		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἤκουσαν, καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκάμμυσαν; μήποτε ἴδωσιν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν ἀκούσωσιν	1	It may be that these expressions contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you could shorten them. Alternate translation: “and they have hardly heard anything, and they have shut their eyes, lest they might see clearly, and they might hear clearly”
13:15	u9la		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἤκουσαν, καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκάμμυσαν	1	The author of the quotation is speaking as if the people of Israel have become unable to hear and have **shut their eyes** so that they will not see. He means that they are refusing to consider what God wants to tell them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they are refusing to pay attention to God, as if they were closing their ears and eyes” or “and they are refusing to consider what God wants to tell them”
13:15	p6we		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἴδωσιν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν ἀκούσωσιν, καὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν	1	These three clauses mean basically the same thing. The second and third emphasize the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second and third phrase are repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could express the idea with just one or two clauses. Alternate translation: “they might see with their eyes; yes, they might hear with their ears; indeed, they might understand with their heart” or “they might use their eyes and ears, and they might understand with their heart”
13:15	ps56		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐπιστρέψωσιν	1	The author of the quotation is speaking of the people of Israel as if they had been traveling somewhere and had taken the wrong way and needed to **turn back** onto the right way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “start obeying the Lord again”
13:15	q1h9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἰάσομαι αὐτούς	1	Here the author of the quotation does not mean God would only **heal** the people physically. He would also **heal** them spiritually by forgiving their sins. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I would heal them and forgive them”
13:16	glp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	ὑμῶν & οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ὅτι βλέπουσιν, καὶ τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν ὅτι ἀκούουσιν	1	Jesus is using **eyes** and **ears** to represent people as they **see** and **hear**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you, for you see; and blessed are you, for you hear” or “you as you look at things, for you see; and as you listen to things, for you hear”
13:16	rlt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	βλέπουσιν & ἀκούουσιν	1	Here Jesus implies that their **eyes** can **see** properly and their **ears** can **hear** properly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they see well … they hear well”
13:16	xczh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ τὰ ὦτα ὑμῶν	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and blessed are your ears”
13:17	bsj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the disciples are blessed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “You are blessed because” or “That is because”
13:17	txyn			ἀμὴν & λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
13:17	e6ci		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἃ βλέπετε & ἃ ἀκούετε	1	Here Jesus implies that what the disciples **see** and **hear** is what he does and teaches. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what you see me do … what you hear me say”
13:17	q14w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ εἶδαν & οὐκ ἤκουσαν	1	Here Jesus implies that these people did not **see** or **hear** what the disciples can see and hear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “did not see those things … did not hear those things”
13:17	nq4p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ εἶδαν & οὐκ ἤκουσαν	1	Here Jesus implies that these people did not **see** or **hear** what the disciples see and hear because they lived before Jesus was born. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because they lived before this time, did not see … because they lived before this time, did not hear”
13:17	lslf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ ἀκοῦσαι	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and they longed to hear”
13:18	pg1f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **therefore** introduces an inference or conclusion based on what Jesus has said in the previous verses about how the disciples are blessed because they can listen to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces an inference, or you could leave **therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “then” or “given all that”
13:18	w35t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀκούσατε τὴν παραβολὴν	1	Here Jesus means that he is going to explain the **parable** that he just spoke. He does not mean that he is going to tell it again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “listen to the explanation of the parable”
13:19	suhi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸν λόγον τῆς βασιλείας	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **word** that is about **the kingdom**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the word concerning the kingdom”
13:19	het1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον	1	Matthew is using the term **word** to mean something spoken in words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the proclamation” or “the news”
13:19	a8nu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἔρχεται ὁ πονηρὸς καὶ ἁρπάζει τὸ ἐσπαρμένον ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus speaks about the message about the kingdom as if it were seed that **had been sown** in a person’s **heart**. He speaks of **the evil one** as if he were a bird that swooped down and snatched away the seed. Since these figures of speech connect to the parable that Jesus told, if possible you should preserve them or express the ideas in simile form. Alternate translation: “the evil one comes like a bird and snatches away the word, which had been sown like a seed in his heart”
13:19	sb7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ πονηρὸς	1	Here, the phrase **the evil one** refers to the devil, Satan. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the devil” or “the evil one, Satan,”
13:19	r9u6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ ἐσπαρμένον ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “what someone sowed”
13:19	xi8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ	1	In Jesus’s culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “in his head” or “in his thoughts”\n
13:19	nkux		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτοῦ	1	Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her” or “that person’s”
13:19	wfd3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν σπαρείς	1	Here Jesus speaks about what happens to this person as if it were what happened in the parable when the seed was sown **beside the road**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form. Alternative translation: “When this happens, it is like what happened to the seed that was sown beside the road”
13:19	xgz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οὗτός	1	The pronoun **This** refers to the person whom Jesus has described in the previous sentence. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to the person more directly. Alternate translation: “That person” or “He”
13:19	mau3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν σπαρείς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the farmer who was sowing seed. Alternate translation: “what the farmer sowed beside the road”
13:20	zyhq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
13:20	rnct		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ & ἐπὶ τὰ πετρώδη σπαρείς, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τὸν λόγον ἀκούων καὶ εὐθὺς μετὰ χαρᾶς λαμβάνων αὐτόν	1	Here Jesus speaks about what happens to this person as if it were what happened in the parable when the seed was sown **on the rocky ground**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form. Alternative translation: “what happened to the seed having been sown on the rocky ground is is like what happens to the one hearing the word and immediately receiving it with joy”
13:20	bf7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	ὁ & ἐπὶ τὰ πετρώδη σπαρείς, οὗτός	1	Here, the word **this** refers directly back to **the one having been sown on the rocky ground**. Jesus expresses the idea in this way to introduce **the one having been sown on the rocky** and then explain what it means. If stating the topic and then referring back to it with the word **this** would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information. Alternate translation: “the one having been sown on the rocky ground”
13:20	l5iv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σπαρείς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the farmer who was sowing seed. Alternate translation: “that the farmer sowed”
13:20	j717		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰ πετρώδη	1	Here, just as in [13:5](../13/05.md), Jesus refers to an area that has a thin layer of soil on top of a layer of rocks. Express the idea as you did in that verse. Alternate translation: “a thin layer of soil on top of rocks” or “a rocky area”
13:20	cl6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον	1	Here, just as in [13:19](../13/19.md), Jesus is using the term **word** to mean something spoken in words. Express the idea as you did there. Alternate translation: “the proclamation” or “the news”
13:20	w4f9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν λόγον	1	Here Jesus implies that this is the same “word of the kingdom” that he mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the word about the kingdom”
13:20	z76f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μετὰ χαρᾶς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **joy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “joyfully”
13:21	zg9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὐκ ἔχει δὲ ῥίζαν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, ἀλλὰ πρόσκαιρός ἐστιν	1	Here Jesus speaks about these people as if they were the plants in the parable that had **no root** and were only **temporary** since they withered when the sun rose. Since this figure of speech connects to the parable that Jesus told, if possible you should preserve it or express the ideas in simile form. Alternate translation: “but he is like a plant with no roots that does not live for long”
13:21	tm2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἔχει & ἑαυτῷ & σκανδαλίζεται	1	Although the terms **he**, **himself**, and **he** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person has … himself or herself … he or she is caused to stumble”
13:21	p4ot		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	οὐκ & ῥίζαν	1	Here, just as in [13:6](../13/06.md), Jesus says **no root** as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “almost no root” or “very small roots”
13:21	lxuy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	γενομένης δὲ θλίψεως ἢ διωγμοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract nouns for the ideas of **tribulation** and **persecution**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “and when he is afflicted or persecuted”
13:21	xv50		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον	1	Here, just as in [13:19](../13/19.md), Jesus is using the term **word** to mean something spoken in words. Express the idea as you did there. Alternate translation: “the proclamation” or “the news”
13:21	p5jc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν λόγον	1	Here Jesus implies that this is the same “word of the kingdom” that he mentioned in the previous verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the word about the kingdom”
13:21	ixil		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σκανδαλίζεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he stumbles”
13:21	lim9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σκανδαλίζεται	1	Here, Jesus speaks of ceasing to believe the gospel as if it were stumbling. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he stops believing” or “he ceases to trust the good news”
13:22	lkhy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
13:22	wowu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ & εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας σπαρείς, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τὸν λόγον ἀκούων, καὶ ἡ μέριμνα τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου καὶ ἡ ἀπάτη τοῦ πλούτου συνπνίγει τὸν λόγον, καὶ ἄκαρπος γίνεται	1	Here Jesus speaks about what happens to this person as if it were what happened in the parable when the seed was sown **among the thorns**, which **choke** the plant that grows from the seed and make it **unfruitful**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form. Alternative translation: “what happened to the seed having been sown among the thorns is like what happens to the one hearing the word, but the worry of this age and the deceitfulness of riches, like thorns, choke the word, so that it is not effective, just like that seed becomes unfruitful”
13:22	irn9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	ὁ & εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας σπαρείς, οὗτός	1	Here, the word **this** refers directly back to **the one having been sown among the thorns**. Jesus expresses the idea in this way to introduce **the one having been sown among the thorns** and then explain what it means. If stating the topic and then referring back to it with the word **this** would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information. Alternate translation: “the one having been sown among the thorns”
13:22	d4h5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σπαρείς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the farmer who was sowing seed. Alternate translation: “that the farmer sowed”
13:22	a3u1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον	-1	Here, just as in [13:19](../13/19.md), Jesus is using the term **word** to mean something spoken in words. Express the idea as you did there. Alternate translation: “the proclamation … the proclamation” or “the news … the news”
13:22	vs00		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν λόγον	-1	Here Jesus implies that this is the same “word of the kingdom” that he has mentioned in the previous verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the word about the kingdom … this word”
13:22	rc28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἡ μέριμνα τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου καὶ ἡ ἀπάτη τοῦ πλούτου	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **worry** and **deceitfulness**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “this person worries about this age and is deceived by riches. These things”
13:22	q2nh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἡ μέριμνα τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **worry** that is related to **this age**. In other words, the **worry** is about things and problems that exist in **this age** or world. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the worry about things in this age” or “the worry about what happens in this age”
13:22	wwf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἡ ἀπάτη τοῦ πλούτου	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **riches** that are characterized by **deceitfulness**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “deceitful riches” or “riches that deceive”
13:23	xw4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”\n
13:23	ptb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ & ἐπὶ τὴν καλὴν γῆν σπαρείς, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τὸν λόγον ἀκούων καὶ συνιείς; ὃς δὴ καρποφορεῖ καὶ ποιεῖ, ὃ μὲν ἑκατὸν, ὃ δὲ ἑξήκοντα, ὃ δὲ τριάκοντα	1	Here Jesus speaks about what happens to this person as if it were what happened in the parable when the seed was **sown on the good soil** and produced a crop of various sizes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form. Alternative translation: “what happened to the seed having been sown on the good soil is like what happens to the one hearing the word understanding it. That person will be like a seed that bears fruit and yields, some 100, and some 60, and some 30”
13:23	k4pj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	ὁ & ἐπὶ τὴν καλὴν γῆν σπαρείς, οὗτός	1	Here, the word **this** refers directly back to **the one having been sown on the good soil**. Jesus expresses the idea in this way to introduce **the one having been sown on the good soil** and then explain what it means. If stating the topic and then referring back to it with the word **this** would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information. Alternate translation: “the one having been sown on the good soil”
13:23	whru		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σπαρείς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the farmer who was sowing seed. Alternate translation: “that the farmer sowed”
13:23	zqep		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον	1	Here, just as in [13:19](../13/19.md), Jesus is using the term **word** to mean something spoken in words. Express the idea as you did there. Alternate translation: “the proclamation” or “the news”
13:23	c2py		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν λόγον	1	Here Jesus implies that this is the same “word of the kingdom” that he has mentioned in the previous verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the word about the kingdom”
13:23	wm3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καρποφορεῖ καὶ ποιεῖ, ὃ μὲν ἑκατὸν, ὃ δὲ ἑξήκοντα, ὃ δὲ τριάκοντα	1	Here Jesus means that plants produced **100**, **60**, or **30** new seeds. Scholars estimate that these numbers are very good in Jesus’ time period, although not impossible or unheard of. Express the idea as you did in [13:8](../13/08.md). Alternate translation: “bears fruit, with some plants yielding 100 seeds, and some plants yielding 60 seeds, and other plants yielding 30 seeds” or “bears fruit and yields many times more than the farmer planted: some 100 times more, and some 60 times more, and some 30 times more”\n
13:23	i4t0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	καρποφορεῖ	1	Here, the word **fruit** is singular in form, but it refers to many fruits as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “bears fruits”
13:24	xkov		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	παρέθηκεν αὐτοῖς	1	Here Matthew speaks as if the **parable** were an object that Jesus could **set before** the people. He means that Jesus told them **another parable**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He spoke to them” or “He narrated to them”
13:24	iiv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the people who were standing by the side of the sea of Galilee (see [13:2](../13/02.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to those people more directly. Alternate translation: “the people standing on the shore” or “those people”
13:24	l5yx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
13:24	bp9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν, ἀνθρώπῳ	1	To teach the people in the crowd, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: the kingdom of the heavens is compared to a man”
13:24	f8j5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the comparing, it is clear from the context that it is Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “I compare the kingdom of the heavens to” or “The kingdom of the heavens is comparable to”
13:24	a02s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἀνθρώπῳ & αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus is telling a story about a specific **man**. It is not important for the story whether the person is a man or a woman. If you have a form that refers to any person without identifying a gender, you could use it here. Otherwise, you could identify the person as a man, as the UST does.
13:24	u21k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καλὸν σπέρμα	1	Here, the phrase **good seed** refers to seed that sprouts into plants that produce helpful crops. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “seed that sprouts into productive plants”
13:24	di7s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	σπέρμα	1	Here, the word **seed** is singular in form, but it refers to many seeds as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “seeds”
13:25	f6s9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοὺς ἀνθρώπους	1	Here, the phrase **the men** could refer to: (1) the farmer and the people who help take care of his field and crops. Alternate translation: “the man and his helpers” (2) people in general. Alternate translation: “people” or “everyone”
13:25	q4tv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ζιζάνια	1	The word **darnel** refers to a plant that looks like a wheat plant, but the grain that it produces can be poisonous. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of plant, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “weeds” or “poisonous plants that look like wheat”
13:25	yz0t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπῆλθεν	1	Here the implication is that the **enemy** sowed the **darnel** and **went away** without the farmer and his workers noticing what he had done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “went without the men noticing what he had done”
13:26	cu8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐβλάστησεν ὁ χόρτος καὶ καρπὸν ἐποίησεν	1	Here Jesus refers to the how seeds sprouted as small **blades** of grass and then grew until they began to produce heads of grain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could describe this process more explicitly. Alternate translation: “the wheat sprouted and grew until it began to produce heads of grain”
13:26	ymqc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐφάνη καὶ τὰ ζιζάνια	1	Here Jesus means that the field workers recognized that some plants were **darnel** once the wheat and the darnel had **sprouted** and grown. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the darnel also grew and became recognizable”
13:26	fqoj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὰ ζιζάνια	1	Translate the word **darnel** as you did in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “the weeds” or “the poisonous plants that look like wheat”
13:27	e1v4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
13:27	h51x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ οἰκοδεσπότου	1	The **master of the house** is the farmer who owns the field. He is the “man” whom Jesus already mentioned in [13:24](../13/24.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the man, the one who owned the field” or “of the farmer who owned the field”
13:27	xxjy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπον αὐτῷ, Κύριε, οὐχὶ καλὸν σπέρμα ἔσπειρας ἐν τῷ σῷ ἀγρῷ? πόθεν οὖν ἔχει ζιζάνια?	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “asked him, their master, about whether he had sown good seed in his field and about where the darnel came from.”
13:27	gr7d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ καλὸν σπέρμα ἔσπειρας ἐν τῷ σῷ ἀγρῷ?	1	The servants are using the question form to indicate that they know that the farmer sowed **good seed**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “we realize that you sowed good seed in your field.” or “you certainly sowed good seed in your field!”
13:27	bycx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	οὐχὶ & ἔσπειρας & σῷ	1	Here, the words **you** and **your** are singular since the servants are speaking to the master of the house.
13:27	fb86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐχὶ & ἔσπειρας	1	The landowner probably had his servants plant the seeds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “did you not have us sow”
13:27	ikxr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καλὸν σπέρμα	1	Here, the phrase **good seed** refers to seed that sprouts into plants that produce helpful crops. Express the idea as you did in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “seed that sprouts into productive plants”
13:27	izdl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	σπέρμα	1	Here, the word **seed** is singular in form, but it refers to many seeds as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “seeds”
13:27	afws		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πόθεν οὖν ἔχει ζιζάνια	1	The servants could be using the question form to: (1) inform the **landowner** that there is **darnel** in the field and they are not sure where it came from. Alternate translation: “Despite that, there is darnel in the field, and we are not sure where it came from.” (2) ask the **landowner** if he knows where the **darnel** came from. Alternate translation: “So, from where did the darnel in the field come?”
13:27	fcyb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ζιζάνια	1	Translate the word **darnel** as you did in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “weeds” or “poisonous plants that look like wheat”
13:28	l154		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
13:28	r83z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	αὐτοῖς, ἐχθρὸς ἄνθρωπος τοῦτο ἐποίησεν.	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “to them that a hostile man had done this.”
13:28	rri8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τοῦτο ἐποίησεν	1	The pronoun **this** refers to the action of planting the weed seeds. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to this action more directly. Alternate translation: “planted the weeds”
13:28	ljm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	2	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
13:28	rt1o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγουσιν αὐτῷ, θέλεις οὖν ἀπελθόντες, συλλέξωμεν αὐτά?	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “ask him whether he would desire that, having gone out, they would gather them.”
13:28	wufi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
13:28	p8ij		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	θέλεις οὖν	1	Here, the word **you** is singular since the servants are speaking to the master of the house.
13:28	z5w6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπελθόντες, συλλέξωμεν αὐτά	1	Here the servants mean that they could go to the field, pull up the weeds, and **gather them** in one place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make these ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “having out to your field, we would pull up and gather them together”
13:28	num8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	συλλέξωμεν	1	By **we**, the servants means themselves but not the farmer, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
13:28	l2fu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτά	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the weed plants. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “the weeds”
13:29-30	teuv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ὁ δέ φησιν, οὔ, μήποτε συλλέγοντες τὰ ζιζάνια, ἐκριζώσητε ἅμα αὐτοῖς τὸν σῖτον & ἄφετε συναυξάνεσθαι ἀμφότερα μέχρι τοῦ θερισμοῦ; καὶ ἐν καιρῷ τοῦ θερισμοῦ ἐρῶ τοῖς θερισταῖς, συλλέξατε πρῶτον τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ δήσατε αὐτὰ εἰς δέσμας πρὸς τὸ κατακαῦσαι αὐτά; τὸν δὲ σῖτον συναγάγετε εἰς τὴν ἀποθήκην μου	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate these verses so that there are no quotations within quotations. Alternate translation: “he says that they should certainly not, lest gathering the darnel, they might uproot the wheat along with them. He told them to permit both to grow together until the harvest, and at the time of the harvest he would say to the reapers that they should first gather the darnel and tie them in bundles to burn them up, but that they should gather the wheat into his barn.”
13:29	w3p6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δέ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
13:29	qlzt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	συλλέγοντες τὰ ζιζάνια, ἐκριζώσητε ἅμα αὐτοῖς τὸν σῖτον	1	Here the farmer is implying that they will pull up the **darnel** before they gather it. He also implies that pulling up the **darnel** may also **uproot the wheat**, since their roots are growing together. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make these ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “pulling up and gathering the darnel, you might uproot the wheat that is growing with them in the ground”
13:29	c9jc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὰ ζιζάνια	1	Translate the word **darnel** as you did in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “the weeds” or “the poisonous plants that look like wheat”\n
13:29	rd1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to **the darnel**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the plant’s name here. Alternate translation: “the darnel”
13:30	wgz0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀμφότερα	1	Here, the word **both** refers to the wheat and the darnel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “both wheat and darnel”
13:30	deb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	μέχρι τοῦ θερισμοῦ; καὶ ἐν καιρῷ τοῦ θερισμοῦ	1	The expressions **until the harvest** and **at the time of the harvest** contain extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expressions. Alternate translation: “until the harvest, when”
13:30	z36a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἐν καιρῷ τοῦ θερισμοῦ	1	Here, the farmer is using the possessive form to describe a **time** in which to perform the **harvest**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “at harvest time” or “at the time when we harvest”
13:30	yd39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὰ ζιζάνια	1	Translate the word **darnel** as you did in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “the weeds” or “the poisonous plants that look like wheat”
13:30	ke2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν & σῖτον συναγάγετε	1	Here the farmer implies that the **reapers** should first harvest the **wheat** and then **gather** it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “harvest the wheat and gather it”
13:30	ll14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὴν ἀποθήκην μου	1	The word **barn** refers to a place where food is stored. If your readers would not be familiar with this term, you could use a more general one. Alternate translation: “the place where my food is stored”\n
13:31	g143		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	παρέθηκεν αὐτοῖς	1	Here Matthew speaks as if the **parable** were an object that Jesus could **set before** the people. He means that Jesus told them another parable. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “He spoke to them” or “He narrated to them”
13:31	nyaa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the people who were standing by the side of the sea of Galilee (see [13:2](../13/02.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to those people more directly. See how you expressed the idea in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “the people standing on the shore” or “those people”
13:31	s999		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”\n
13:31	tdf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν κόκκῳ σινάπεως	1	To teach the people in the crowd, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: the kingdom of the heavens is like a mustard seed”\n
13:31	qby8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	κόκκῳ σινάπεως	1	A **mustard seed** is a very small seed that grows into a large plant. If your readers would not be familiar with this kind of seed, in your translation you could use the name of another seed like it, or you could use a general phrase. Alternate translation: “a very small seed”
13:31	jw7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἄνθρωπος & αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus is telling a story about a specific **man**. However, it is not important for the story whether the person is a man or a woman. If you have a form that refers to any person without identifying a gender, you could use it here. Otherwise, you could identify the person as a man, as the UST does.
13:32	gyi1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	μικρότερον & πάντων τῶν σπερμάτων	1	Jesus says **smallest of all the seeds** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “one of the smallest seeds” or “smaller than most seeds”
13:32	xvkn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τῶν λαχάνων	1	The phrase **vegetable plants** refers to plants that people grow so that they can eat them or parts of them. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of plant, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “other plants that people grow to eat” or “plants that people have in their gardens”
13:32	g6v8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	γίνεται δένδρον	1	Here, the phrase **becomes a tree** means that the plant grows until it becomes the size of a tree. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “becomes as large as a tree”
13:32	ah8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	In your language, it might seem that this phrase expresses unnecessary extra information. If so, you could abbreviate it. Alternate translation: “the birds”
13:32	fur6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κατασκηνοῦν	1	Here, the word **nest** could indicate that: (1) the birds are building nests in the **branches** of the mustard plant. Alternate translation: “build nests” (2) the birds are perching or resting on the **branches** of the mustard plant. Alternate translation: “perch” or “roost”
13:33	ov36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the people who were standing by the side of the sea of Galilee (see [13:2](../13/02.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to those people more directly. See how you expressed the idea in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “the people standing on the shore” or “those people”
13:33	z94k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν ζύμῃ	1	To teach the people in the crowd, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: the kingdom of the heavens is like yeast”
13:33	w8sb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ζύμῃ	1	Jesus assumes that his listeners will know that only a little bit of **yeast** is needed to make a lot of dough rise. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “a little bit of yeast”
13:33	r88g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume	ἀλεύρου σάτα τρία	1	The term **seahs** is the plural of “seah,” a dry measure equivalent to nearly eight liters or two gallons. You can express this quantity in terms of a measure that your culture uses, or you can use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a large amount of flour”
13:33	xc9t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἕως οὗ ἐζυμώθη ὅλον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the **yeast**. Alternate translation: “until the yeast leavened it all”
13:34	nt7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory	ταῦτα πάντα ἐλάλησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν παραβολαῖς τοῖς ὄχλοις, καὶ χωρὶς παραβολῆς οὐδὲν ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς	1	This sentence marks the end of Jesus’ teaching by summarizing how Jesus taught the crowds. Use a natural form in your language for expressing the conclusion of a speech. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus stopped speaking to the crowds. He had spoken all those things in parables to them, and he was speaking nothing to them without a parable”\n
13:34	n54e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ταῦτα πάντα	1	The phrase **All these things** is referring to the parables which Jesus just taught. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “All those teachings”
13:34	a5c7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	χωρὶς παραβολῆς οὐδὲν ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative word **nothing** and the negative preposition **without**. Alternate translation: “he was only speaking to them with a parable”
13:35	xse0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὅπως	1	Here, the phrase **so that** could introduce: (1) a result from Jesus teaching in parables. Alternate translation: “with the result that” (2) a purpose for which Jesus was teaching in parables. Alternate translation: “in order that”
13:35	ybq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the speaking, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “this might fulfill that which God said through the prophet”
13:35	p3tb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντος,	1	In Matthew’s culture, saying was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Psalms (see [Psalm 78:2](../psa/78/02.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “who wrote in the book of Psalms” or “who declared”
13:35	f9gl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀνοίξω & τὸ στόμα μου	1	Here, the phrase **I will open my mouth** refers to speaking words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will talk”
13:35	yx6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	κεκρυμμένα	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “what God has hidden”
13:35	th8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **foundation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “from when God founded the world”
13:36	pq2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	τότε	1	Here, the word **Then** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Then** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that” or “Next”
13:36	y93p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν οἰκίαν	1	Here Matthew refers to **the house** that Jesus had been in before he taught in parables (see [13:1](../13/01.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the house where had been” or “the house in which he had taught previously”
13:36	vk44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
13:36	xsg4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	λέγοντες, διασάφησον ἡμῖν τὴν παραβολὴν τῶν ζιζανίων τοῦ ἀγροῦ	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “asking him to explain to them the parable of the darnel of the field.”
13:36	gn0b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	διασάφησον ἡμῖν	1	This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “We ask that you explain to us”
13:36	b4au		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	διασάφησον	1	Here, the command is singular because the disciples are speaking to Jesus.
13:36	mq8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὴν παραβολὴν τῶν ζιζανίων τοῦ ἀγροῦ	1	Here, the disciples are using the possessive form to describe the **parable** that was about **the darnel** that grew in **the field**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the parable concerning the darnel that grew in the field”
13:36	crrv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τῶν ζιζανίων	1	Translate the word **darnel** as you did in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “of the weeds” or “of the poisonous plants that look like wheat”
13:37	g8ht		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
13:37	xf1g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ σπείρων τὸ καλὸν σπέρμα ἐστὶν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Here Jesus speaks as if the **one sowing** were **the Son of Man**. He means that the sower represents or is like **the Son of Man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or in another way. Alternate translation: “The one sowing the good seed represents the Son of Man” or “The one sowing the good seed should be interpreted as the Son of Man”
13:37	zjfy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ καλὸν σπέρμα	1	Translate the phrase **good seed** as you did in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “the seed that sprouts into productive plants”
13:37	vgyn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	σπέρμα	1	Here, the word **seed** is singular in form, but it refers to many seeds as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “seeds”
13:37	xj4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man”
13:37	cp8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. See how you translated the title in [12:40](../12/40.md). Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
13:38	t1l7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ & ἀγρός ἐστιν ὁ κόσμος	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **the field** were **the world**. He means that **the field** represents or is like **the world**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or in another way. Alternate translation: “the field represents the world” or “the field should be interpreted as the world”
13:38	reyl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸ & καλὸν σπέρμα, οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **the good seed** were **the sons of the kingdom**. He means that **the good seed** represent or are like **the sons of the kingdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or in another way. Alternate translation: “the good seed—these represent the sons of the kingdom” or “the good seed—these should be interpreted as the sons of the kingdom”
13:38	w6dy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	τὸ & καλὸν σπέρμα, οὗτοί	1	Here, the word **these** refers directly back to **the good seed**. Jesus expresses the idea in this way to introduce **the good seed** and then explain what it means. If stating the topic and then referring back to it with the word this would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information. Alternate translation: “the good seed”
13:38	nzxb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ & καλὸν σπέρμα	1	Translate the phrase **good seed** as you did in [13:37](../13/37.md). Alternate translation: “the seed that sprouts into productive plants”
13:38	z0gd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	σπέρμα	1	Here, the word **seed** is singular in form, but it refers to many seeds as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “seeds”
13:38	h9iz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας	1	The expression **the sons of the kingdom** refers to people who are part of God’s kingdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people who are part of the kingdom” or “people who are in the kingdom”
13:38	tokh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	οἱ υἱοὶ	-1	Although the term **sons** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the children” or “the sons and daughters”
13:38	oo0e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὰ & ζιζάνιά εἰσιν οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **the darnel** were **the sons of the evil one**. He means that **the darnel** represent or are like **the sons of the evil one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or in another way. Alternate translation: “the darnel represent the sons of the evil one” or “the darnel should be interpreted as the sons of the evil one”
13:38	eni3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὰ & ζιζάνιά	1	Translate the word **darnel** as you did in [13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate translation: “the weeds” or “the poisonous plants that look like wheat”
13:38	fjuc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ	1	The expression **the sons of the evil one** refers to people who belong to or follow **the evil one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people who belong to the evil one” or “people who follow the evil one”
13:38	sfit		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ πονηροῦ	1	Here, the phrase **the evil one** refers to the devil, Satan. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Express the idea as you did in [13:19](../13/19.md). Alternate translation: “of the devil” or “of the evil one, Satan,”
13:39	k7r6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ & ἐχθρὸς, ὁ σπείρας αὐτά, ἐστιν ὁ διάβολος	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **the enemy having sowed them** were **the devil**. He means that **the enemy** represents or is like **the devil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or in another way. Alternate translation: “the enemy having sowed them represents the devil” or “the enemy having sowed them should be interpreted as the devil”
13:39	n7oh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτά	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the darnel. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to the plant more directly. Alternate translation: “the darnel” or “the weeds”
13:39	fpfq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ δὲ θερισμὸς συντέλεια αἰῶνός ἐστιν	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **the harvest** were **the end of the age**. He means that **the harvest** represents or is like **the end of the age**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or in another way. Alternate translation: “And the harvest represents the end of the age” or “the harvest should be interpreted as the end of the age”
13:39	vvbm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	συντέλεια αἰῶνός	1	Here, the phrase **the end of the age** refers to when the current time period will cease and a new **age** will begin. If your language has a way to refer to the end of the way things are now, you could use it here, or you could use a descriptive phrase. Alternate translation: “the end of the world” or “the moment in the future when the current way of doing things will cease”
13:39	vypb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἱ & θερισταὶ ἄγγελοί εἰσιν	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **the reapers** were **angels**. He means that **the reapers** represent or are like **angels**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or in another way. Alternate translation: “the reapers represent angels” or “the reapers should be interpreted as angels”
13:40	k7en		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces an inference or conclusion based on how Jesus has interpreted the story about the **darnel** and the grain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an inference or conclusion, or you could leave **Therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “So then”
13:40	rn64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὥσπερ & συλλέγεται τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ πυρὶ κατακαίεται, οὕτως ἔσται ἐν τῇ συντελείᾳ τοῦ αἰῶνος	1	Here Jesus compares how **the darnel are gathered and burned with fire** to what will happen **at the end of the age**. Jesus explains this comparison in the following verses, so you do not need to explain it here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that clearly compares **the end of the age** with how **the darnel are gathered and burned with fire**. Alternate translation: “think about how the darnel are gathered and burned with fire. That is what the end of the age will be like”
13:40	whlc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	συλλέγεται τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ πυρὶ κατακαίεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the workers who were harvesting. Alternate translation: “the ones who are harvesting gather the darnel and burn them with fire”
13:40	hzih		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν τῇ συντελείᾳ τοῦ αἰῶνος	1	See how you translated the phrase **the end of the age** in [13:39](../13/39.md). Alternate translation: “during the end of the world” or “at the moment in the future when the current way of doing things will cease”
13:41	fiy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ἀποστελεῖ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ & τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, will send out my angels … my kingdom”
13:41	mp2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “The Messiah”
13:41	p5p9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	συλλέξουσιν ἐκ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus implies that the angels will **gather** these things and people and remove them **from his kingdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they will gather and take out of his kingdom”
13:41	ptw9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πάντα τὰ σκάνδαλα	1	Here, Jesus speaks of things that cause people to sin as if they were **stumbling blocks**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the things that lead people to disobey”
13:41	chpx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰ σκάνδαλα	1	Here, the phrase **stumbling blocks** could refer to: (1) things that cause people to stumble. Alternate translation: “the things that cause people to stumble” (2) people who cause others to stumble. Alternate translation: “the ones who cause others to stumble”
13:41	clel		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τοὺς ποιοῦντας τὴν ἀνομίαν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **lawlessness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the ones who are lawless” or “the ones doing what is lawless”
13:42	fndw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	βαλοῦσιν αὐτοὺς	1	The pronoun **they** refers to the angels. The pronoun **them** refers to the people and things that the angels gathered (see [13:41](../13/41.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people and things more directly. Alternate translation: “those angels will throw the people and things that they gathered”
13:42	lqpq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **furnace** that is full of **fire**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the fiery furnace” or “the furnace blazing with fire”
13:42	d9md		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός	1	Here, the phrase **the furnace of fire** refers to hell and describes at as a very unpleasant place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “hell, which is as hot as a furnace of fire” or “hell”
13:42	zu3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would grind their **teeth** when they experienced anger, grief, and pain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to an action with comparable meaning or state the meaning of this action plainly. See how you translated this phrase in [8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “beating of breasts” or “grinding of the teeth in anger and pain”\n
13:43	azqy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οἱ δίκαιοι	1	Jesus is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun to mean righteous people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are righteous”
13:43	u5c9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐκλάμψουσιν	1	Here Jesus speaks of how great and glorious **the righteous** will be by describing them as if they **will shine**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will have glory, as if they were shining” or “will have glory”
13:43	u6sm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὡς ὁ ἥλιος	1	Here Jesus compares how **the righteous will shine** to how **the sun** shines. He means that they will shine very brightly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning of the comparison more explicitly. Alternate translation: “as brightly as the sun shines”
13:43	sea2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτῶν	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God, who is their Father”\n
13:43	zxh2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ ἔχων ὦτα, ἀκουέτω	1	See how you translated the identical sentence in [13:9](../13/09.md).
13:44	fjm1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν θησαυρῷ	1	To teach the disciples, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: the kingdom of the heavens is like a treasure”
13:44	wg6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	κεκρυμμένῳ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “that someone had hidden”
13:44	xmem		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	ὃν εὑρὼν ἄνθρωπος ἔκρυψεν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ ὑπάγει καὶ πωλεῖ πάντα ὅσα ἔχει, καὶ ἀγοράζει τὸν ἀγρὸν ἐκεῖνον	1	Here Jesus tells the story partly in the past tense and partly in the present tense. This was a natural way to tell the story in his language. Consider what tense your language might use to tell this kind of story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the same tense throughout the story. Alternate translation: “which, finding, a man hides. And from his joy, he goes and sells everything, as much as he has, and buys that field”
13:44	e9cv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὃν εὑρὼν ἄνθρωπος ἔκρυψεν	1	Here Jesus means that the man **found** the treasure, but then he **hid** it again so that no one else would find it before he could buy the field. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “which a man found and then hid again”
13:44	tac2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ ὑπάγει	1	Here Jesus could mean that: (1) the man sold everything and bought the field because of **his joy**. Alternate translation: “because of his joy, he goes” (2) the man sold everything and bought the field while he experienced **joy**. Alternate translation: “joyfully he goes”
13:44	k9rh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **joy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Make sure that your translation fits with the interpretation you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “because of how joyful he was”
13:44	or3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	πάντα ὅσα ἔχει	1	The expression **everything, as much as he has** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “everything that he has”
13:44	yd64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀγοράζει τὸν ἀγρὸν ἐκεῖνον	1	Here Jesus implies that the man **buys that field** so that he can also own the treasure. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “buys that field and the treasure in it” or “buys that field so he can possess the treasure”
13:45	efps		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	πάλιν	1	Here, the word **Again** introduces another parable or short story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces another story, or you could leave **Again** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Also” or “Even further”
13:45	vv91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ	1	To teach the disciples, Jesus offers another story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “listen to this story: the kingdom of the heavens is like a man”
13:45	khy6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἀνθρώπῳ ἐμπόρῳ ζητοῦντι	1	A **merchant** is a trader who buys merchandise and sells it to people. If your readers would not be familiar with this occupation, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a man, a shopkeeper, seeking” or “a man who sold goods who was seeking”
13:45	c633		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ζητοῦντι καλοὺς μαργαρίτας	1	Jesus implies that the man is **seeking fine pearls** because he wants to buy them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “seeking to buy fine pearls”
13:45	b88q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	καλοὺς μαργαρίτας	1	The word **pearls** refers to beautiful and valuable mineral balls that people use as jewelry. When **pearls** are **fine**, they are particularly beautiful and valuable. If your readers would not be familiar with **pearls**, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. See how you translated **pearls** in [7:6](../07/06.md). Alternate translation: “beautiful jewelry” or “very valuable beads”
13:46	z2su		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἕνα πολύτιμον μαργαρίτην	1	See how you translated “pearls” in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “one piece of very valuable jewelry” or “one very valuable bead”
13:46	jqyq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	πάντα ὅσα εἶχεν, καὶ	1	The expression **everything, as much as he had** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. See how you translated the similar phrase in [13:44](../13/44.md). Alternate translation: “everything that he had and”
13:47	pv0u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	πάλιν	1	Here, the word **Again** introduces another parable or short story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces another story, or you could leave **Again** untranslated. See how you translated this word in [13:45](../13/45.md). Alternate translation: “Also” or “Even further”
13:47	vw24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ὁμοία ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν σαγήνῃ	1	To teach the disciples, Jesus offers another story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “listen to this story: the kingdom of the heavens is like a net”
13:47	g79n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	σαγήνῃ	1	Some cultures use a **net** to catch fish. A **net** is a mesh or network of cords or ropes which fishermen throw into the water to trap many fish at once. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to how people catch many fish at once in your culture, or you could use a general phrase. See how you translated the similar word in [4:18](../04/18.md). Alternate translation: “a fish trap” or “a fishing tool”\n
13:47	vrp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	βληθείσῃ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject or refer to people who fish. Alternate translation: “that fisherman cast”
13:47	rjm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκ παντὸς γένους συναγαγούσῃ	1	Here Jesus means that **every kind** of fish was trapped in the **net**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having collected every kind of fish” or “having caught some fish of every kind”
13:47	e64h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	παντὸς γένους	1	Jesus says **every kind** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “very many kinds”
13:48	aqhl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐπληρώθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was fish. Alternate translation: “fish filled it up”
13:48	pgfb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὸν αἰγιαλὸν	1	See how you translated **beach** in [13:2](../13/02.md). Alternate translation: “the edge of the sea” or “the sandy area by the water”
13:48	rfn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καθίσαντες	1	Here Jesus implies that the people **sat down** to sort through the fish to find the useful ones. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having sat down to separate the fish”
13:48	cnp7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	συνέλεξαν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to the fishermen who cast the net into the sea. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the fishermen gathered”
13:48	xwy1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰ καλὰ & τὰ & σαπρὰ	1	Here Jesus is referring to **good** fish and **rotten** fish. The **good** fish are good for eating, while the **rotten** fish are not good for eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the useful fish … the worthless fish” or “the fish that were good to eat … the fish that were not good to eat”
13:49	hto2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν τῇ συντελείᾳ τοῦ αἰῶνος	1	See how you translated the phrase **the end of the age** in [13:39](../13/39.md). Alternate translation: “during the end of the world” or “at the moment in the future when the current way of doing things will cease”\n
13:49	zawv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐξελεύσονται οἱ ἄγγελοι	1	Jesus does not say where the angels **go out** from. Jesus and his audience would have known that the angels went out from God’s presence in heaven. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “The angels will go out from God’s presence” or “The angels will go out from heaven”
13:49	lmhj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξελεύσονται	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “will come out”
13:49	ah2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τοὺς πονηροὺς & τῶν δικαίων	1	Jesus is using the adjectives **wicked** and **righteous** as nouns to mean people who are **wicked** or **righteous**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “wicked people … righteous people”
13:50	j8nf			καὶ βαλοῦσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρός. ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων	1	This verse is identical to [13:42](../13/42.md), so express the idea as you did there. Make sure that your translation still fits the context of this verse.
13:51	g9k4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ταῦτα πάντα	1	Here Jesus refers to what he has been teaching the disciples (see [13:37–50](../13/37.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all these things I have told you” or “everything I have been teaching you”
13:51	p5ej		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	λέγουσιν αὐτῷ, ναί.	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “They say to him that they do.”
13:51	k6bw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said”
13:52	vw8a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
13:52	clwe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	διὰ τοῦτο	1	Here, the phrase **For this reason** could introduce: (1) a general conclusion to Jesus’ teaching in this chapter. Alternate translation: “Given all that I have said” (2) an inference from what the disciples said about how they understood what Jesus had taught them. Alternate translation: “Because you understand” or “Therefore”
13:52	z8sm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	γραμματεὺς	1	The word **scribe** usually refers to teachers of the Jewish law. Here it refers more generally to anyone who is an expert in a specific subject and can teach it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “educated person” or “expert”
13:52	g4dd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μαθητευθεὶς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could refer generally to the scribe’s teacher or leader. Alternate translation: “whose teacher has disciplined him or her”
13:52	diu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῇ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	Here, the phrase **discipled for the kingdom of the heavens** indicates that the scribes are part of **the kingdom of the heavens** and have knowledge about **the kingdom of the heavens**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make these ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “concerning the kingdom of the heavens” or “as part of the kingdom of the heavens”
13:52	ip6e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδεσπότῃ, ὅστις ἐκβάλλει ἐκ τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ καινὰ καὶ παλαιά	1	Here, Jesus is comparing the **scribe** and **the master of the house** because they both use **new** and **old** things to help other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this comparison more explicitly. Alternate translation: “is like a man, the master of the house, who brings forth new and old goods from his treasure, just as a scribe speaks both old and new teachings”
13:52	o2wl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	καινὰ καὶ παλαιά	1	Jesus is using the adjectives **new** and **old** as nouns to mean things that are **new** and **old**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “new things and old things”
13:52	g59c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τοῦ θησαυροῦ αὐτοῦ	1	Here, just as in [12:35](../12/35.md), the word **treasure** could refer to: (1) a place where treasures are kept or stored. Alternate translation: “his treasury” or “his storehouse” (2) the treasures that the person has. Alternate translation: “his treasures”\n
13:53	jwv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory	καὶ ἐγένετο ὅτε ἐτέλεσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὰς παραβολὰς ταύτας, μετῆρεν ἐκεῖθεν	1	This sentence marks the end of Jesus’ teaching by stating that Jesus **finished** speaking in **parables** and then describing what he did next. Use the natural form in your language for expressing the conclusion of a story. Alternate translation: “At that time, Jesus finished speaking all those parables. Then, he departed from there”
13:53	gk4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκεῖθεν	1	Here, the word **there** refers to the “house” (see [13:36](../13/36.md)) where Jesus was when he gave to his disciples the instructions and parables that are quoted in the previous verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from the house where he had been staying” or “from where he had been”
13:54	qnh9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
13:54	q3ml		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν πατρίδα αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **his hometown** refers to the town of Nazareth, where Jesus grew up. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “his hometown, Nazareth”
13:54	gjw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοὺς ἐν & αὐτῶν & αὐτοὺς	1	The pronouns **them**, **their**, and **they** refer to the people who were living in Jesus’ **hometown**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the people living there in their … they”
13:54	icmm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐκπλήσσεσθαι αὐτοὺς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus and what he said and did. Alternate translation: “he astonished them” or “what he said astonished them”
13:54	b3d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πόθεν τούτῳ ἡ σοφία αὕτη καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις?	1	The people in Jesus’ hometown are using the question form to express their surprise that Jesus has **wisdom** and can do **miracles**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “We are surprised that this one has this wisdom and these miracles.” or “We have no idea where to this one is this wisdom and these miracles!”
13:54	gmst		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	πόθεν τούτῳ ἡ σοφία αὕτη	1	Here, the phrase **From where to this one** asks about the source from which Jesus received his **wisdom** and the power to do **miracles**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “What is the source of this wisdom” or “How did he receive this wisdom”
13:54	xwfd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἡ σοφία αὕτη	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is this wise teaching” or “comes how wise he is”
13:55	rk5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ τέκτονος υἱός? οὐχ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ λέγεται Μαριὰμ, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ, Ἰάκωβος, καὶ Ἰωσὴφ, καὶ Σίμων, καὶ Ἰούδας?	1	The people are using the question form to show that they know Jesus’ family. They mean that Jesus is just an ordinary person. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of a carpenter. We know his mother Mary, and his brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas.” or “He is only the son of the carpenter! His mother is called Mary, and his brothers, James and Joseph and Simon and Judas!”
13:55	rpj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τοῦ τέκτονος	1	The word **carpenter** refers to someone who builds things with wood. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of worker, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “of the man who builds with wood” or “of the construction worker”
13:55	f26b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐχ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ λέγεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “Do they not call his mother” or “Is not the name of his mother”
13:55	ng4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ, Ἰάκωβος	1	The people are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and are not his brothers called James”
13:55	qspg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ	1	These were Jesus' younger **brothers**. They were sons of Mary and Joseph. Since the Father of Jesus was God, and their father was Joseph, they were actually his half-brothers. That detail is not normally translated, but if your language has a specific word for “younger brother,” you could use it here.
13:55	l3zy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἰωσὴφ & Σίμων & Ἰούδας	1	The words **Joseph**, **Simon**, and **Judas** are the names of men.
13:56	m9pn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	αἱ ἀδελφαὶ αὐτοῦ οὐχὶ πᾶσαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς εἰσιν?	1	The people are using the question form to show that they know Jesus’ family. They mean that Jesus is just an ordinary person. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this question as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “all his sisters are with us.” or “we all know that all his sisters are with us!”
13:56	bnv1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πόθεν οὖν τούτῳ ταῦτα πάντα?	1	The people are using the question form to express their surprise that Jesus can do **all these things**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “We are surprised, therefore that this one has all these things.” or “We have no idea, therefore, where to this one are all these things!”
13:56	wuck		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	πόθεν οὖν τούτῳ ταῦτα πάντα	1	Here, the phrase **From where, therefore, to this one** asks about the source from which Jesus received the ability to do **all these things**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “What is the source, therefore, of all these things” or “How, therefore, did he receive all these things”
13:56	gko3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	πόθεν οὖν τούτῳ	1	Here, the word **therefore** introduces an inference based on the fact that the people in Jesus’ hometown know his family. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of inference, or you could leave **therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “So then, from where to this one” or “Because of that, from where to this one”
13:56	pqf1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ταῦτα πάντα	1	Here, the phrase **all these things** refers to Jesus’ wisdom and ability to do miracles, as mentioned in the previous verse ([13:55](../13/55.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “are his wisdom and miracles”
13:57	f5md		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐσκανδαλίζοντο ἐν αὐτῷ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they took offense at him” or “he offended them”
13:57	azn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐκ ἔστιν & ἄτιμος	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative preposition **without**. Alternate translation: “has honor” or “is always honored”
13:57	feli		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἄτιμος	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **honor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “dishonored” or “treated dishonorably”
13:57	sq8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	οὐκ ἔστιν προφήτης ἄτιμος, εἰ μὴ	1	If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “A prophet is only without honor”
13:57	w4x8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ	1	Jesus uses the phrase **in his house** to refer to his closest relatives, like his father, mother, or siblings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “among his closest family members” or “among his father, mother, or siblings”
13:58	e2cp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὐκ ἐποίησεν ἐκεῖ δυνάμεις πολλὰς, διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “because of their unbelief, he did not do many miracles there”
13:58	nidv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν αὐτῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **unbelief**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because they did not believe”
14:intro	g5mc				0	# Matthew 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n7. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53–17:27)\n      * Herod hears about Jesus (14:1–2)\n      * Flashback: Herod executes John the Baptist (14:3–12)\n      * Jesus feeds 5,000 men (14:13–21)\n      * Jesus walks on water (14:22–33)\n      * Jesus heals people in the region of Gennesaret (14:34–36)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Herod and Herodias\n\nThe man named “Herod the tetrarch” ([14:1](../14/01.md)) was a son of King Herod, the man mentioned in [2:1–22](../02/01.md). Herod the tetrarch ruled over the area to the northwest of the Sea of Galilee, which is where Jesus spent much of his ministry. Herodias was married to Herod’s brother Philip, and the two of them had a daughter. However, Herodias divorced Philip and married Herod, who had also divorced his previous wife. Since the Jewish law condemned anyone who married his brother’s wife while his brother was still alive (see [Leviticus 20:21](../lev/20/21.md)), John the Baptist rebuked Herod for doing this. It was in response to this rebuke that Herod had John the Baptist put in prison and eventually executed. Make sure that your translation accurately refers to the relationships between Herod, Herodias, and Herodias’ daughter.\n\n### The miracle of multiplying food\n\nIn [14:13–21](../14/13.md), Matthew tells a story in which Jesus provides 5,000 men and even more women and children with food. All these people were in a place where no people lived, and all the food that Jesus and his disciples had were five loaves of bread and two fish. Despite that, Jesus used the five loaves of bread and the two fish to feed everyone who was there. Matthew does not tell us exactly how Jesus did this, but he does say that there were more leftovers than what they started with. Your translation should not explain how Jesus multiplied the food, but it should be clear that he did a miracle.\n\n### The miracle of walking on water\n\nIn [14:22–33](../14/22.md), Matthew tells a story in which Jesus walks on top of the Sea of Galilee, even though there was a storm. Later, Jesus allows Peter to walk briefly on the water, and when Jesus and Peter climb into the boat that the rest of the disciples were in, the storm miraculously stops. Your translation should not explain exactly how Jesus or Peter walked on the water, but it should be clear that Jesus walking on the water, Peter walking on the water, and the storm stopping were all miracles.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### The flashback to John’s death\n\nIn this chapter, Matthew includes a story that happened before the stories that appear before and after it in his narrative. The previous chapter includes much of Jesus’ teaching, and this chapter begins by describing Herod Antipas’ response to Jesus (see [14:1–2](../14/01.md)). Then, to explain what Herod said about Jesus, Matthew includes a story that happened earlier. This type of storytelling is called a flashback. Here, the flashback tells about how John the Baptist died (see [14:3–12](../14/03.md)). In [14:13](../14/13.md), Matthew returns to the main narrative and tells what happened after the events recorded in chapter 13 and [14:1–2](../14/01.md). While the story that begins in [14:13](../14/13.md) is linked to the flashback by the phrase “Now having heard,” Matthew does not indicate how long it took for Jesus to hear about John’s death from John’s disciples. So, you should use a form that shows your readers that [14:3–12](../14/03.md) is a flashback that describes something that happened previously, and [14:13](../14/13.md) continues with the main narrative. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in dialogue between characters. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are singular. You should assume forms of “you” are singular unless a note specifies that the form is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
14:1	ny6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ	1	Here, the phrase **At that time** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event. Alternate translation: “While all those things were happening” or “During this period”
14:2	pd1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οὗτός	1	The pronoun **This** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to him more directly. Alternate translation: “This person” or “This Jesus”
14:2	nx7x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	αὐτὸς ἠγέρθη	1	Here, the word **raised** refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable idiom or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He has been restored to life”
14:2	dy2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	αὐτὸς ἠγέρθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, Herod could be implying that: (1) God did it. Alternate translation: “God has raised him” (2) John himself did it. Alternate translation: “He has risen”
14:2	wwe3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν	1	Paul is using the adjective **dead** as a noun in order to refer to all people who are **dead**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “from among the dead people” or “from the corpses”
14:2	x4zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	διὰ τοῦτο	1	Here, the phrase **because of this** introduces the result of what Herod thinks about John being **raised from the dead**. Herod thinks that Jesus has **powers** because he has already **been raised from the dead**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because he has been raised,”
14:2	vve7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	αἱ δυνάμεις ἐνεργοῦσιν ἐν αὐτῷ	1	Here Herod speaks as if **the powers** were people that could **work** in Jesus. He means that Jesus is powerful and can do powerful things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he has his powers” or “he is very powerful”
14:3-4	zgp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge	ὁ γὰρ Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο, διὰ Ἡρῳδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ & ἔλεγεν γὰρ αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰωάννης, οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἔχειν αὐτήν	1	If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine [14:3](../14/03.md) and [14:4](../14/04.md) into a verse bridge, as UST does, in order to include what John said to Herod before stating what Herod did in response. Alternate translation: “For John had said to Herod, ‘It is not lawful for you to have Herodias, the wife of your brother Philip.’ So, because of Herodias, Herod, having seized John, bound him and put him in prison.”
14:3	ybyz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces background information that tells about how John died. This background information continues in [14:4–12](../14/04.md). In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information, not the next event in the story. Alternate translation: “Now sometime earlier,” or “By this time, John had already died. Here is what happened:”
14:3	zsvz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὁ & Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο, διὰ Ἡρῳδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these elements, since the second half of the verse gives the reason for the result that the first half of the verse describes. Alternate translation: “Because of Herodias, the wife of his brother Philip, Herod, having seized John, bound him and put him in prison”
14:3	h466		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ & Ἡρῴδης κρατήσας τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἔδησεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ ἀπέθετο	1	Here Matthew implies that **Herod** sent his soldiers to do these things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Herod sent his soldiers to seize John, bind him, and put him in prison”
14:3	rqfw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διὰ Ἡρῳδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	Here Matthew implies that Herod married **Herodias** after she divorced **Philip**, Herod’s brother. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because of Herodias, whom he married after she divorced his brother Philip”
14:3	ftfc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	Ἡρῳδιάδα, τὴν γυναῖκα Φιλίππου, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	Here Matthew introduces **Herodias** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “a woman named Herodias, who was the wife of his brother Philip”
14:3	lr92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Φιλίππου	1	The word **Philip** is the name of a man.
14:3	tqyo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	It is not certain whether **Philip** was older or younger than **Herod**, but it is slightly more likely that he was older. So, if you have to use a form that refers to an older or younger **brother**, you could state that **Philip** was older. Alternate translation: “his older brother”
14:3	e6zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῦ	1	The pronoun **his** refers to Herod. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Herod’s”
14:4	jpro		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why Herod put John in prison. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “He did that because”
14:4	lp4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῷ	1	The pronoun **him** refers to Herod. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “to Herod”
14:4	n1t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἔλεγεν & αὐτῷ & οὐκ ἔξεστίν σοι ἔχειν αὐτήν.	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “was saying to him that it was not lawful for him to have her”
14:5	pajg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	θέλων αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι	1	Here, the word **wanting** introduces a clause that states something that contrasts with what Herod actually did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “although he wanted to put him to death” or “despite the fact that he wanted to put him to death”
14:5	tx3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτὸν & ἐφοβήθη & αὐτὸν	1	The pronouns **him** and **him** refer to John the Baptist, and the pronoun **he** refers to Herod. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “John … Herod feared … John”
14:5	rtp0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐφοβήθη τὸν ὄχλον	1	Here Matthew implies that Herod both **feared the crowd** and did not have John killed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he feared the crowd and did not put him to death” or “he did not give the order, for he feared the crowd”
14:5	epdd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν ὄχλον	1	Here Matthew implies that Herod feared what **the crowd** would do if he put John to death. They might have rioted or attacked Herod. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what the crowd would do” or “that the crowd might riot”
14:6	d2em		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
14:6	a0u5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	γενεσίοις & γενομένοις τοῦ Ἡρῴδου, ὠρχήσατο ἡ θυγάτηρ τῆς Ἡρῳδιάδος	1	Here Matthew introduces **the daughter of Herodias** as a new participant in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “Herodias had a daughter, and the birthday of Herod having come, she danced”
14:6	ggkc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous	γενεσίοις & γενομένοις τοῦ Ἡρῴδου	1	Here, the phrase **the birthday of Herod having come** gives the time period in which the following events occur. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that gives the time period in which something happens. Alternate translation: “when it was the birthday of Herod” or “while Herod was celebrating his birthday”
14:6	vdik		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	γενεσίοις & τοῦ Ἡρῴδου	1	In some cultures, people celebrate a **birthday**, the day that someone was born. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of celebration, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “Herod’s birthday celebration” or “the celebrations on the anniversary of Herod’s birth”
14:6	ejhk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	ἡ θυγάτηρ τῆς Ἡρῳδιάδος	1	Here Matthew implies that this woman was **the daughter of Herodias** by a previous husband, probably Philip. She was not the daughter of Herod. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this relationship more explicit. Alternate translation: “the daughter of Herodias and Philip” or “the daughter of Herodias, Herod’s step-daughter,”
14:6	fvs5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ μέσῳ	1	Here, the phrase **in the midst** indicates that **the daughter of Herodias** danced so that Herod and the guests at his party could all see her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “before all Herod’s guests” or “in front of everyone”
14:7	yyq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὅθεν	1	Here, the phrase **because of which** introduces what Herod did because Herodias’ daughter pleased him with her dancing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that makes this connection more explicit. Alternate translation: “and because she pleased Herod,”
14:7	f0mg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	μεθ’ ὅρκου, ὡμολόγησεν αὐτῇ δοῦναι ὃ ἐὰν αἰτήσηται	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “he promised with an oath, ‘I will give you whatever you ask.’”
14:8	gnqr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
14:8	rhk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	προβιβασθεῖσα ὑπὸ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτῆς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “her mother having urged her beforehand”
14:8	dptx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προβιβασθεῖσα	1	Here Matthew implies that the woman’s mother, Herodias, had already told her what to ask for if Herod offered to do something for her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having been instructed ahead of time” or “having been told what to request ahead of time”
14:8	dlue		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δός μοι & ὧδε ἐπὶ πίνακι, τὴν κεφαλὴν Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ	1	Here the woman implies that she wants Herod to have John killed by having his head cut off and brought to her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Have one of your soldiers behead John the Baptist and then give me his head here, on a platter”
14:8	w4iq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	δός μοι	1	This is an imperative, but it communicates a request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a request. Alternate translation: “I ask that you give me”
14:8	ruy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	πίνακι	1	A **platter** is a large, flat serving dish. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of dish, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a tray” or “a large serving plate”
14:9	s8zp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐλυπήθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “was very sorry”
14:9	qgrl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διὰ τοὺς ὅρκους καὶ τοὺς συνανακειμένους	1	Here Matthew indicates two reasons why Herod kept his word. First, he had made **oaths** that he did not want to break. Second, he had promised in front of **the ones reclining to eat with him**, and it would be embarrassing and shameful to break his promise when everyone had heard it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make these reasons more explicit. Alternate translation: “but because he had used oaths and because the ones reclining to eat with him had heard what he promised”
14:9	op6o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοὺς συνανακειμένους	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would usually recline, or lay on one side, at a table when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture, or you could just refer to eating. Alternate translation: “the ones sitting down to eat with him” or “the ones eating with him”
14:9	j6nu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐκέλευσεν δοθῆναι	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who would do the action, Matthew implies that one of Herod’s soldiers would do it. Alternate translation: “he commanded that one of his soldiers give it”
14:9	zn1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκέλευσεν δοθῆναι	1	Here Matthew means that Herod **commanded** someone to do what Herodias’ daughter asked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “commanded that someone give her what she had requested”
14:10	v80r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πέμψας, ἀπεκεφάλισεν	1	Here Matthew implies that Herod **sent** one of his soldiers to behead John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having sent a soldier, Herod had him behead”
14:11	nd5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἠνέχθη ἡ κεφαλὴ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ πίνακι, καὶ ἐδόθη τῷ κορασίῳ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could refer to whoever beheaded John, or you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “the soldier who beheaded John brought his head on a platter and gave it to the girl” or “someone brought his head on a platter and gave it to the girl”
14:11	cmcd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῦ	1	The pronoun **his** refers to John. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “John’s”
14:11	pba6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	πίνακι	1	See how you translated the word **platter** in [14:8](../14/08.md). Alternate translation: “a tray” or “a large serving plate”
14:11	pqqf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ κορασίῳ	1	Here, the word **girl** refers to a woman who has reached puberty but who is still young, probably between 12 and 20 years old. Use a word in your language that refers generally to a young woman who has reached puberty. Alternate translation: “to the young woman”
14:12	csaf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προσελθόντες	1	Here Matthew implies that John’s disciples went to the jail where John had been imprisoned. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having visited the place where John had been imprisoned”
14:12	sct4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ πτῶμα	1	Here Matthew implies that this was John’s **corpse**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “John’s corpse”
14:12	up4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐλθόντες	1	Here Matthew implies that John’s disciples went to where Jesus was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having come to where Jesus was”
14:12	suei		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθόντες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
14:12	mq89		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπήγγειλαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Here Matthew implies that John’s disciples told Jesus that Herod had executed John. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they told Jesus what had happened to John”
14:13	id97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
14:13	r40v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀκούσας	1	Here Matthew could be implying that Jesus has **heard**: (1) what John’s disciples told him about how Herod executed John (see [14:12](../14/12.md)). Alternate translation: “having heard the news about John’s death” (2) what Herod was saying about how Jesus must be John the Baptist raised from the dead (see [14:2](../14/02.md)). Alternate translation: “having heard what Herod was saying about him”
14:13	ia39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Ἰησοῦς & κατ’ ἰδίαν	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples … by themselves”
14:13	noxb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	ἐκεῖθεν	1	Here Matthew does not state where Jesus was when he **heard**, so your translation should not identify exactly where Jesus was either. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to wherever Jesus was when he **heard**. Alternate translation: “from where he was” or “from the place where he heard this”
14:13	chbq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀκούσαντες	1	Here Matthew implies that the crowds **heard** that Jesus had gone to **a desolate place**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having heard that Jesus went there”
14:13	ipm9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	πεζῇ	1	Here, the phrase **on foot** means that the crowds walked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by walking”
14:13	j44h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων	1	Here Matthew refers to **the cities** near the Sea of Galilee, which Jesus had crossed over **in a boat**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from the cities in that region” or “from the cities near the Sea of Galilee”
14:14	v44w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐξελθὼν	1	Here Matthew could be implying that Jesus comes out: (1) of the boat in which he traveled across the Sea of Galilee. Alternate translation: “having come out of the boat” or “having disembarked” (2) of the desolate area, where he wanted to be alone. Alternate translation: “having come out of the place where he was alone”
14:14	d7hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξελθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone out”
14:14	askz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐσπλαγχνίσθη ἐπ’	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **compassion**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “he sympathized with”
14:14	kyji		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τοὺς ἀρρώστους αὐτῶν	1	Matthew is using the adjective **sick** as a noun to mean sick people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the sick people among them”
14:15	ay6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
14:15	ba9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	προσῆλθον	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went”
14:15	lml8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
14:15	otp3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἡ ὥρα ἤδη παρῆλθεν	1	The clause **the hour has already passed by** means that it is late in the day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the day is about to end” or “the sun is setting”
14:15	iarr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	ἀπόλυσον τοὺς ὄχλους	1	This is an imperative, but it communicates a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “We ask that you send the crowds away”
14:15	a63b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰς κώμας	1	Here the disciples are referring to **villages** that are near the **desolate** place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the nearest villages” or “the villages that are close to this place”
14:16	brfw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus says in a contrast with what the disciples asked him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,”
14:16	r5gd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς	1	Here Jesus implies that the disciples should give food to the crowds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “You give them food”
14:16	w5m3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμεῖς	1	Since Jesus is talking to his disciples, the word **You** here is plural.
14:17	e4ml		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what the disciples say in contrast to what Jesus told them to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,”
14:17	a7pg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
14:17	ih48		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	οὐκ ἔχομεν ὧδε, εἰ μὴ	1	If, in your language, it would appear that the disciples were making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “The only food we have here are”
14:17	v8x3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἄρτους	1	The word **loaves** refers to loaves of bread, which are lumps of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of bread, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread”
14:18	jo61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “And”
14:18	qvll		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ & εἶπεν, φέρετέ μοι ὧδε αὐτούς	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples did what Jesus commanded them to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he said, ‘Bring them here to me.’ So they brought them.”
14:18	jsbl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	φέρετέ	1	Here, the command is plural because Jesus is speaking to his disciples.
14:19	zi12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	κελεύσας τοὺς ὄχλους ἀνακλιθῆναι ἐπὶ τοῦ χόρτου, λαβὼν	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “he commanded the crowds, ‘Recline on the grass!’ Then, having taken”
14:19	pd8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀνακλιθῆναι	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would usually **recline**, or lay on one side, when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture, or you could just refer to eating. Alternate translation: “to sit down to eat” or “to get ready to eat”
14:19	fubq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἄρτους & τοὺς ἄρτους	1	See how you translated **loaves** in [14:17](../14/17.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread … the large chunks of bread”
14:19	i34u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἀναβλέψας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν	1	In Jesus’ culture, most people thought that **heaven** was up above the earth. Looking up towards **heaven** was a common posture for someone who was praying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a common posture for prayer in your culture, or you could explain the meaning of this posture. Alternate translation: “having raised his arms in prayer” or “having looked up to heaven to pray”
14:19	bf1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εὐλόγησεν	1	Here Matthew could be implying that Jesus **blessed**: (1) God for providing the food. Alternate translation: “he blessed God” or “he praised God” (2) the food. Alternate translation: “he blessed the food” or “he asked God to make the food holy”
14:19	ujxx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κλάσας, ἔδωκεν & τοὺς ἄρτους	1	Here Matthew means that Jesus broke the loaves of bread in pieces so that they could be served to the crowds. This was a normal practice in his culture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having divided the loaves into servings, he gave them” or “having broken the loaves into smaller pieces, he gave the pieces”
14:19	t7ei		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οἱ & μαθηταὶ τοῖς ὄχλοις	1	Matthew is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the disciples gave them to the crowds”
14:20	k6l4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἔφαγον πάντες & ἦραν	1	The pronoun **they** in the phrase **they all ate** refers to the crowds. The pronoun **they** in the phrase **they took up** refers to the disciples. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the crowds all ate … the disciples took up”
14:20	l2h8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your languages. Alternative translation: “until they were full”
14:20	a1dk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τὸ περισσεῦον τῶν κλασμάτων	1	Here, the phrase **the remaining** refers to what was left after everyone ate. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the leftovers” or “what was left of the broken pieces”
14:20	xh01		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	κοφίνους	1	The word **baskets** refers to large circular containers that store food or other items. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of container, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “boxes” or “containers”
14:21	als7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	δὲ	1	Matthews uses the word **Now** to introduce background information that helps the readers understand how amazing what Jesus did was. The word does not introduce another event in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “As for how many people were there,” or “In the end,”
14:21	e1ph		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	χωρὶς γυναικῶν καὶ παιδίων	1	Here Matthew means that the number he has given does not include **women and children**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “which does not include women and children”
14:22	yp8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς τὸ πέραν	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples are sailing **to the other side** of the Sea of Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the other side of the lake” or “across the sea to the opposite side”
14:23	qtfy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	τὸ ὄρος	1	Matthew does not clarify what **mountain** this is or how high up it is. If possible, use a general word for a hill or small mountain without indicating one particular place. Alternate translation: “a high place” or “a small mountain”
14:23	b1mb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
14:23	eruc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὀψίας & γενομένης	1	Matthew indicated that it was **evening** earlier in the story (see [14:15](../14/15.md)). Here, he uses the same phrase but implies that it was later on in the **evening**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that describes a time later than the time described in [14:15](../14/15.md). Alternate translation: “when it was even later in the evening” or “further into the evening”
14:24	ww6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what the disciples were doing while Jesus was on the mountain. There is a slight contrast between Jesus, who was safe on the mountain, and the disciples, who were in danger on the sea. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” or “At the same time,”
14:24	dduj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	ἤδη μέσον τῆς θαλάσσης ἦν	1	Many ancient manuscripts read **was already in the middle of the sea**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “was already many stadia away from the land.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
14:24	wtvv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	βασανιζόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων, ἦν γὰρ ἐναντίος ὁ ἄνεμος	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “and the wind was against it, so it was being tormented by the waves”
14:24	j404		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	βασανιζόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “with the waves tormenting it”
14:24	vzd1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	βασανιζόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν κυμάτων	1	Here Matthew speaks as if the **waves** were people who were tormenting another person. What he means is that the **waves** were crashing against the boat and putting it under much strain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “being battered by the waves” or “being tossed about by the waves”
14:24	rzpd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἦν γὰρ ἐναντίος ὁ ἄνεμος	1	When **wind** is **against** a boat, that means that it is blowing directly opposite to the direction in which the boat is traveling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “for the wind was opposite to the direction they were sailing” or “for the wind was blowing directly against it”
14:25	hy85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
14:25	pmw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τετάρτῃ & φυλακῇ τῆς νυκτὸς	1	Here, the phrase **the fourth watch of the night** refers to the period of time between 3:00 AM and 6:00 AM. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that refers to this period of time. Alternate translation: “in the last part of the night” or “shortly before dawn”
14:25	f1n4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοὺς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the disciples. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “the disciples”
14:25	q3sa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	περιπατῶν ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν	1	Here Matthew means that Jesus was miraculously **walking** on the surface of **the sea**. He did not sink into the water. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “walking on the surface of the sea” or “miraculously walking on top of the sea”
14:26	hmgk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
14:26	ta31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης περιπατοῦντα	1	See how you translated this phrase in [14:25](../14/25.md). Alternate translation: “walking on the surface of the sea” or “miraculously walking on top of the sea”
14:26	snml		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐταράχθησαν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “were very nervous” or “were very anxious”
14:26	h7df		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	λέγοντες, ὅτι φάντασμά ἐστιν	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “saying that he was a ghost,”
14:26	f0u9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	φάντασμά	1	Here, the word **ghost** refers to an spiritual or supernatural being that people see. In Jesus’ culture, when people saw a **ghost**, they usually assumed that something bad was going to happen. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of unusual experience, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “an apparition” or “some powerful and dangerous being”
14:26	rns1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀπὸ τοῦ φόβου	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fear**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because they were afraid”
14:27	zpoq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
14:27	zxnr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he told them”
14:27	tl45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	θαρσεῖτε & μὴ φοβεῖσθε	1	Here, the commands are plural because Jesus is speaking to his disciples.
14:27	p8v6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	θαρσεῖτε	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **courage**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Be courageous”
14:28	ugq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
14:28	w195		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	εἰ σὺ εἶ, κέλευσόν	1	Here Peter could be using the conditional form: (1) to refer to something that he thinks may or may not be true. In this case, if Jesus commands him to walk on the water, Peter will believe that it really is Jesus. Alternate translation: “if it is you, then command” or “to prove that it is you, command” (2) to refer to something that he thinks is true. In this case, he is already convinced that it is really Jesus. Alternate translation: “since it is you, command”
14:28	cfxj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	κέλευσόν	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “please command”
14:28	wxaq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθεῖν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “to go”
14:28	wzlh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐπὶ τὰ ὕδατα	1	Here Peter means that he wants Jesus to **command** him to walk miraculously on the surface of **the water**, just as Jesus was doing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated the similar phrase in [14:25](../14/25.md). Alternate translation: “on the surface of the water” or “miraculously on top of the water”
14:29	gb5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	εἶπεν, ἐλθέ	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “said that he should come”
14:29	qmgs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθέ	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “Go” instead of **Come**. Alternate translation: “Go”
14:29	n80t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	περιεπάτησεν ἐπὶ τὰ ὕδατα	1	Here Matthew means Peter walked miraculously on the surface of **the water**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated the similar phrase in [14:28](../14/28.md). Alternate translation: “walked on the surface of the water” or “walked miraculously on top of the water”
14:29	io5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθεῖν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “to come”
14:30	gw4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces how Peter begins to sink in contrast with how he started walking on the water. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “And yet,” or “Soon, however,”
14:30	sk3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	βλέπων & τὸν ἄνεμον ἰσχυρὸν	1	Here Matthew could mean that: (1) Peter saw the effects of the **strong wind**, including the waves. Alternate translation: “seeing what the strong wind did” or “seeing large waves” (2) Peter felt or experienced the **strong wind**. Alternate translation: “noticing the strong wind” or “feeling the strong wind”
14:30	sh5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀρξάμενος καταποντίζεσθαι	1	Here Matthew implies that Peter began **to sink** into the water that he was walking on top of. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having begun to sink into the Sea of Galilee”
14:30	aiig		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
14:30	sfnb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	σῶσόν με	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “I ask you to save me”
14:31	nb12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
14:31	uvgk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐπελάβετο αὐτοῦ	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus grabbed Peter and lifted him up out of the water. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “took hold of him and lifted him up”
14:31	a0o8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
14:31	af17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ὀλιγόπιστε	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of faith, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “You who believe so little”
14:31	cr9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	εἰς τί ἐδίστασας?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke Peter for doubting. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “you should not have doubted.” or “you never should have doubted!”
14:31	ia1d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς τί ἐδίστασας?	1	Here Jesus implies that Peter doubted whether Jesus could really enable him to walk on the water and keep him from sinking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “why did you doubt that I could keep you from sinking”
14:32	hp5x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῶν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to Jesus and Peter. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “the two of them”
14:33	h9pb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ	1	Here Matthew is referring to the disciples who were **in the boat**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the disciples”
14:33	cewv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
14:33	u8pu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Θεοῦ Υἱὸς	1	**Son of God** is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship with God the Father.
14:34	cv3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διαπεράσαντες	1	Matthew implies that they **crossed over** the Sea of Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having crossed over the lake”
14:34	w8bx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἦλθον	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “they went”
14:34	x9nu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Γεννησαρέτ	1	The word**Gennesaret** could refer to: (1) a region on the northwest side of the Sea of Galilee. Alternate translation: “the area called Gennesaret” (2) a small town on the northwest side of the Sea of Galilee. Alternate translation: “the village of Gennesaret”
14:35	w9ou		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	οἱ ἄνδρες	1	Here Matthew uses a word that refers specifically to **men**. However, the gender of these people is not important for the story, so you could use a word or phrase that refers to both men and women. Alternate translation: “the people”
14:35	oxtx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ τόπου ἐκείνου	1	Here, the phrase **that place** refers to the area named “Gennesaret” (see [14:34](../14/34.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the region of Gennesaret”
14:35	yh1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	προσήνεγκαν	1	Here, the pronoun **they** refers to the people who lived in **that surrounding area**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to these people. Alternate translation: “people from that whole area brought”
14:35	xd7c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πάντας	1	Matthew says **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “many of”
14:35	h2iq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τοὺς κακῶς ἔχοντας	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **sickness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the sick people”
14:36	ajpg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	παρεκάλουν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to the sick people. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the ones having sickness were begging”
14:36	bogz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	αὐτὸν ἵνα μόνον ἅψωνται τοῦ κρασπέδου τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ; καὶ	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “him, ‘Please let us only touch the edge of your garment.’ And”
14:36	wrl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μόνον ἅψωνται	1	Here, the word **only** indicates that these people think that, to be healed, they do not need to do anything more than touch Jesus’ **garment**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “all they might do is touch” or “they could just touch”
14:36	mw8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὅσοι ἥψαντο διεσώθησαν	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could indicate that was God or Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “God healed as many as touched it” or “Jesus healed as many as touched it”
15:intro	i9a5				0	# Matthew 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n7. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53-17:27)\n      * Argument with the Pharisees and scribes about washing hands (15:1–9)\n      * Jesus teaches about what defiles people (15:10–20)\n      * Jesus meets a Canaanite woman (15:21–28)\n      * Jesus heals many people (15:29–31)\n      * Jesus feeds 4,000 men (15:32–39)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [15:8–9](../15/08.md), which is a quote from [Isaiah 29:13](../isa/29/13.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The “tradition of the elders”\n\nThe “tradition of the elders” included interpretations of Moses’ law that Jewish religious leaders had developed and passed down to their disciples, and they to their disciples. These interpretations explained what specific laws meant and how to obey them. Jesus rebuked the religious leaders for specific interpretations of the law that he disagreed with. In this chapter, Jesus and the Pharisees argue about washing hands, honoring parents, and giving gifts to God. When you translate the phrase “tradition of the elders,” use a form that refers to teachings that teachers pass down to their students. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/tradition]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/elder]])\n\n### Washing hands before eating\n\nIn [15:1](../15/01.md), the scribes and Pharisees rebuke Jesus for failing to have his disciples wash their hands before eating. One of the traditions that the Pharisees followed was a requirement that people wash their hands before eating. They did this to make their hands ceremonially clean, not primarily to clean off dirt. Make sure that your translation indicates that Jesus and the Pharisees are debating about ceremonial or ritual washing, not washing off dirt.\n\n### The gift for God\n\nIn [15:4–6](../15/04.md), Jesus rebukes the Pharisees for allowing people to promise to give something to God instead of using it to help their parents. Jesus is not saying that giving things to God is wrong. Instead, he is saying that honoring one’s parents is one of the most important commandments that God gave, and no tradition should prevent people from honoring their parents. Make sure that this meaning is clear in your translation.\n\n### The Canaanite woman\n\nMatthew describes the woman as a “Canaanite,” which is an old term for the people who lived in the land of Israel before the Israelites arrived. Matthew means that the woman is not a Jew, and he might mean that she is descended from the people that the Israelites defeated when they took over the land of Israel. Your translation should make clearly indicate that the woman is not a Jew. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/names/canaan]])\n\n### The miracle of multiplying food\n\nIn [15:32–39](../15/32.md), Matthew tells a story in which Jesus provides 4,000 men and even more women and children with food. All these people were in a place where no people lived, and all the food that Jesus and his disciples had were seven loaves of bread and a few fish. Despite that, Jesus used the seven loaves of bread and the few fish to feed everyone who was there. Matthew does not tell us exactly how Jesus did this, but he does say that there were more leftovers than what they started with. Your translation should not explain how Jesus multiplied the food, but it should be clear that he did a miracle. Matthew told a similar story about how Jesus fed 5,000 men in [14:13–21](../14/13.md), so see how you expressed the ideas there.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Feeding little dogs\n\nIn [15:26](../15/26.md), Jesus tells the Canaanite woman that it is not right to give food that is meant for children to little dogs. In [15:27](../15/27.md), the woman responds that little dogs eat the little bits of food that fall off their owners’ tables. The children represent Jews, and the little dogs represent non-Jews. The food represents things that Jesus does for people. What Jesus means is that he is supposed to do things for Jews, not for non-Jews. What the woman means is that what she is asking Jesus to do is unimportant enough that he can do it without taking away from what he does for Jews. If possible, do not express the meaning of what Jesus and the woman say about little dogs, but make sure that your translation naturally expresses this meaning.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to the Pharisees, the crowds, or the disciples. Because of this, the majority of forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
15:1	q6af		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	τότε	1	Here, the word **Then** introduces a new event that took place sometime after the previous event, probably relatively soon after. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event. Alternate translation: “One day,” or “Sometime later,”\n
15:1	d8ar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	προσέρχονται	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “go to”
15:1	xcqf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
15:2	j1b8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	διὰ τί οἱ μαθηταί σου παραβαίνουσιν τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων?	1	The Pharisees are using the question form to rebuke Jesus for what his disciples are doing. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your disciples should not transgress the tradition of the elders.” or “We are shocked that your disciples transgress the tradition of the elders!”
15:2	mapm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σου	1	Here, the word **your** is singular since the Pharisees and scribes are speaking to Jesus.
15:2	yn6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων	1	Here, the scribes and Pharisees are using the possessive form to describe a **tradition** that came from **the elders**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the tradition given to us by the elders” or “the tradition handed down to us by the elders”
15:2	dc73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν πρεσβυτέρων	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **tradition**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what the elders taught us”
15:2	j6uo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῶν πρεσβυτέρων	1	Here, the word **elders** refers to respected ancestors whose teaching is trusted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of the ancestral teachers” or “of our respected forefathers”
15:2	f7vu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation of how the disciples are transgressing the tradition. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “They do that when” or “Here is how they do that:”
15:2	gfn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐ & νίπτονται τὰς χεῖρας	1	Here the scribes and Pharisees are referring to how they would **wash their hands** with water to make them ritually or ceremonially clean. See the chapter introduction for more information about this kind of washing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they do not ceremonially wash their hands with water”
15:2	fn5o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	ἄρτον	1	The scribes and Pharisees are using **bread** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food” or “anything”
15:3	ia1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	διὰ τί καὶ ὑμεῖς παραβαίνετε τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the Pharisees for things that they do. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not transgress the commandment of God because of your tradition.” or “I am shocked that you transgress the commandment of God because of your traditions!”
15:3	jsqa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	διὰ τί καὶ ὑμεῖς παραβαίνετε τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the last phrase gives the reason for the result that the rest of the question describes. Alternate translation: “Why, because of your tradition, do you also transgress the commandment of God”
15:3	ft1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **commandment** that came from **God**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the commandment given by God” or “the commandment we received from God”
15:3	x2o6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **commandment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what God commanded us”
15:3	qdev		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **tradition**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what you were taught”
15:4	itl8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation of how the scribes and Pharisees transgress God’s law. This explanation continues in [14:5–6](../14/05.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Here is how you do that:” or “What I mean is that”
15:4	woat		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Here Jesus quotes from the Old Testament scriptures. The first quotation could be from [Exodus 20:12](../exo/20/12.md) or [Deuteronomy 5:16](../deu/05/16.md). The second quotation could be from [Exodus 21:17](../exo/21/17.md) or [Leviticus 20:9](../lev/20/09.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a quotation from an important text, and you could include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “saying in the law he gave to Moses” or “speaking through Moses”
15:4	srz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγων, τίμα τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα καί ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα, θανάτῳ τελευτάτω	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within a quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that all people should honor their father and their mother and that everyone speaking evil of his father or mother should end in death.”
15:4	kzvj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	τίμα τὸν & τὴν	1	Since God is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the command the words **your** and **your** are singular.
15:4	iigy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	ὁ κακολογῶν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα, θανάτῳ τελευτάτω	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The one speaking evil of his father or mother, he should end in death” or “Anyone who speaks evil of his father or mother must end in death”
15:4	qfu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ὁ κακολογῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “The one saying evil things about”
15:4	erkh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	θανάτῳ τελευτάτω	1	Here, the phrase **end in death** means that the person is killed or executed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “let him be put to death” or “let him be killed”
15:4	mfmw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τελευτάτω	1	Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “let that person end”
15:5-6	l8t0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ὑμεῖς δὲ λέγετε, ὃς ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ πατρὶ ἢ τῇ μητρί, δῶρον ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς & οὐ μὴ τιμήσει τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within quotations. Alternate translation: “But you say that whoever says to his father or mother that whatever they might have benefited from him is a gift, he will certainly not honor his father.”
15:5	hsz0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what the scribes and Pharisees allow in contrast to what God commanded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “In contrast,” or “Despite that,”
15:5	dofz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὃ ἐὰν ἐξ ἐμοῦ ὠφεληθῇς	1	Here, the phrase **Whatever you might have benefited from me** refers to money or goods that children might give to their parents when they need help. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Whatever I might have given to help you” or “Anything you might have received from me”
15:5	ybem		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὠφεληθῇς	1	Here, the word **you** is singular since a child is speaking to one of his or her parents.
15:5	ql75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δῶρον	1	Here Jesus implies that the person is giving something as **a gift** to God. Because of that, the person will not give it to his or her parents. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “is a gift for God” or “is a gift to God, so I cannot give it to you”
15:6	hcwe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐ μὴ τιμήσει τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus implies that the Pharisees and scribes mean that the person cannot **honor his father** by giving him the money or goods that he promised to give to God. The person could still **honor his father** in other ways. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he will certainly not honor his father in that way” or “he will certainly not honor his father by giving him what he declared to be a gift for God”
15:6	oyqo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	οὐ μὴ τιμήσει & αὐτοῦ	1	Although the terms **he** and **his** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “that person will certainly not honor his or her”
15:6	ybif		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐ μὴ τιμήσει	1	Here Jesus could mean that the scribes and Pharisees taught that: (1) the person was not allowed to **honor his father**. Alternate translation: “we is certainly not allowed to honor” (2) the person did not have to **honor his father**. Alternate translation: “he does not need to honor”
15:6	g66y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ	1	The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means”
15:6	q3kt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πατέρα	1	Here Jesus implies that this person will also **not honor** his mother. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “father or his mother”
15:6	rp3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	1	Here, the word **And** introduces the result of what the Pharisees and scribes tell people that they can do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “So,”
15:6	tkru		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἠκυρώσατε τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the last phrase gives the reason for the result that the rest of the sentence describes. Alternate translation: “because of your tradition, you have set aside the word of God”
15:6	belk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἠκυρώσατε	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **the word of God** were an object that people could **set aside** and ignore. He means that they are ignoring **the word of God** and treating it like it is not important. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have nullified” or “you have ignored”
15:6	znt9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Jesus is using the term **word** to refer to the commands that God gave using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what God said”
15:6	xr06		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	τὸν λόγον	1	Many ancient manuscripts read **the word**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read “the commandment,” and some other ancient manuscripts read “the law.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
15:6	wq1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	παράδοσιν ὑμῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **tradition**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what you were taught”
15:7	t4fq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καλῶς	1	Here, the word **well** indicates that what **Isaiah prophesied** accurately describes the scribes and the Pharisees. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “accurately” or “truly”
15:7	n4ti		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Here Jesus introduces a quotation from the Old Testament scriptures, specifically from [Isaiah 29:13](../isa/29/13.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a quotation from an important text, and you could include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “saying in the book of Isaiah” or “as it is written”
15:8	spwd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ λαὸς οὗτος & τιμᾷ	1	Here, the phrase **This people** refers to the Israelites about whom Isaiah was speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “The Israelites honor” or “These Jewish people”
15:8	bz91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	με & ἐμοῦ	1	Here, both uses of the word **me** refer to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to him more directly. Alternate translation: “me, their God, … me”
15:8	qw69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τοῖς χείλεσίν	1	Here, **lips** represent someone speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with their speech” or “with their words”
15:8	q7vm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἡ & καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ	1	Here Isaiah speaks as if the Israelites’ **heart** was **far away** from God. He means that they do not think about God or want to obey him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it is as if their hearts were far away from me” or “they do not want to serve me”
15:8	hr29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	ἡ & καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω ἀπέχει	1	If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one **heart**, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “their hearts are far away”\n
15:8	wuw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἡ & καρδία αὐτῶν	1	In the author’s culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “their mind” or “their thinking”
15:9	b8d7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next idea in the quotation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Further,”
15:9	n47x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	διδάσκοντες	1	Here, the word **teaching** introduces a reason why their worship is **in vain**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason. Alternate translation: “since they teach”
15:9	qdlv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	διδασκαλίας ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **doctrines** and **commandments**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “as authoritative what men have commanded”
15:9	vvb9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων	1	Here, Isaiah is using the possessive form to describe **commandments** that are given by **men**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “things commanded by men”
15:9	jikp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Isaiah is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “of people”
15:11	s28y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ εἰσερχόμενον εἰς τὸ στόμα	1	Here Jesus is referring to food and drink, which are what people put into their mouths. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “The food and drink that the man puts into his mouth”
15:11	obg3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τὸ στόμα & τὸν ἄνθρωπον & τοῦ στόματος & τὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	The phrases **the mouth** and **the man** represent men and their mouths in general, not one particular man and his mouth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “someone’s mouth … that person … someone’s mouth … that person”
15:11	lii8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τὸν ἄνθρωπον	-1	Although the term **man** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the person … the person”
15:11	lte6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	τὸ ἐκπορευόμενον ἐκ τοῦ στόματος, τοῦτο	1	Here, the word **this** refers directly back to **what comes out from the mouth**. Jesus expresses the idea in this way to introduce **what comes out from the mouth** and then explain what it does. If stating the topic and then referring back to it with the word **this** would be redundant in your language, you could omit the redundant information. Alternate translation: “what comes out from the mouth”
15:11	o7bk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ ἐκπορευόμενον ἐκ τοῦ στόματος	1	Here Jesus is referring to words, which are what come out of people’s mouths. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the words that come out of his mouth”
15:11	yuf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐκπορευόμενον	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “goes” instead of **comes**. Alternate translation: “goes out”
15:12	ibrk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οἶδας ὅτι οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἀκούσαντες τὸν λόγον ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν?	1	The disciples are using the question form to inform Jesus about how the Pharisees responded. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should know that the Pharisees, having heard this word, were offended.” or “The Pharisees, having heard this word, were offended!”
15:12	cgtq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	οἶδας	1	Here, the word **you** is singular since the disciples are speaking to Jesus.
15:12	l2uj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἀκούσαντες τὸν λόγον ἐσκανδαλίσθησαν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus. Alternate translation: “you offended the Pharisees when they heard this word”
15:12	wcfg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον	1	The disciples is using the term **word** to refer to what Jesus said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words that you spoke” or “the things that you said”
15:13	u1z2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
15:13	n5ij		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πᾶσα φυτεία ἣν οὐκ ἐφύτευσεν ὁ Πατήρ μου ὁ οὐράνιος ἐκριζωθήσεται	1	Here Jesus speaks of the Pharisees who were offended by him as if they were plants that God did not plant. He means that they are not serving God. Then, Jesus speaks of God’s punishment as if it were uprooting these plants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Those Pharisees are like plants that my heavenly Father will uproot because he did not plant them” or “Those Pharisees will be punished by my heavenly Father because they have not obeyed him”
15:13	j49e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Πατήρ μου ὁ οὐράνιος	1	**Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus his Son.
15:13	hs4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐκριζωθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “he will uproot”
15:14	dubo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄφετε αὐτούς	1	Here, the clause **Leave them** means that the disciples should not worry about or pay attention to the Pharisees who were offended by Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Ignore them” or “Do not pay attention to them”
15:14	r167		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτούς & εἰσιν	1	The words **them** and **They** refer to the Pharisees who were offended by Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “those Pharisees! They are”
15:14	ai9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁδηγοί εἰσιν τυφλοί τυφλὸς, δὲ τυφλὸν ἐὰν ὁδηγῇ, ἀμφότεροι εἰς βόθυνον πεσοῦνται	1	Here, Jesus speaks of the Pharisees who were offended by him as if they were **blind guides**, and he speaks of other Jewish people as if they were **blind** people. He means that neither the Pharisees nor the rest of the people know what is right, but the Pharisees teach the people anyways, even though what they teach is wrong. If possible, preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “They are like blind guides. They teach people what is wrong, just as a blind one guides a blind one so that they both fall into a pit”
15:14	xho5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next idea, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “So,”
15:14	wz4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	τυφλὸς & τυφλὸν ἐὰν ὁδηγῇ, ἀμφότεροι & πεσοῦνται	1	Here Jesus uses an imaginary situation to help explain what would happen if a **blind** person guided another **blind** person. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “imagine a blind one guiding a blind one. They would both fall”
15:15	cbzk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
15:15	omu8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	φράσον	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “I ask that you explain”
15:15	c6r3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	φράσον	1	Here, the command is singular because the Peter is speaking to Jesus.
15:15	yqqx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν παραβολήν	1	Here Peter could be referring to: (1) the **parable** about blind people guiding other blind people (see [15:14](../15/14.md)). Alternate translation: “the parable about the blind guides” (2) the **parable** about things that go into and out of a person (see [15:11](../15/11.md)). Alternate translation: “the parable about what goes into a person”
15:15	shg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῖν	1	By **us**, Peter means himself and the other disciples but not Jesus, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
15:16	txes		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
15:16	al9z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἀκμὴν καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀσύνετοί ἐστε?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples for how they still do not understand what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You are still without understanding.” or “I am amazed that you still do not understand!”
15:17	l5nt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὔπω νοεῖτε ὅτι πᾶν τὸ εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς τὸ στόμα, εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν χωρεῖ, καὶ εἰς ἀφεδρῶνα ἐκβάλλεται?	1	Jesus is using the question form to remind his disciples about what happens to the food that people eat. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should already understand that everything that enters into the mouth passes into the stomach and is passed out into the latrine.” or “You already know that everything that enters into the mouth passes into the stomach and is passed out into the latrine!”
15:17	izwd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πᾶν τὸ εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς τὸ στόμα	1	Here Jesus is referring to food and drink, which are what people put into their mouths. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated the similar phrase in [15:11](../15/11.md). Alternate translation: “all the food and drink that a person puts into his mouth”
15:17	jzaw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	εἰς τὸ στόμα, εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν	1	The phrases **the mouth** and **the stomach** represent mouths and stomachs in general, not one particular mouth and stomach. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “into someone’s mouth … into that person’s stomach”
15:17	u6ea		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	εἰς ἀφεδρῶνα ἐκβάλλεται	1	Jesus is referring to the process of expelling and removing feces and urine in a polite way by using the phrase **is passed out into the latrine**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “is evacuated from the bowels” or “passes out of the body as waste”
15:17	zyhr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐκβάλλεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it is the person’s body or bowels. Alternate translation: “the body passes it out” or “the bowels pass it out”
15:17	s9z6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἀφεδρῶνα	1	A **latrine** is a place where people expel and remove feces and urine. If your readers would not be familiar with this word, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the bathroom” or “the water closet”
15:18	ca1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰ & ἐκπορευόμενα ἐκ τοῦ στόματος	1	Here Jesus is referring to words, which are what come out of people’s mouths. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated the similar phrase in [15:11](../15/11.md). Alternate translation: “the words that come out of the mouth”
15:18	qtkq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐκπορευόμενα & ἐξέρχεται	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “going” and “go” instead of **coming** and **come**. Alternate translation: “going out … go”
15:18	r693		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τοῦ στόματος & τῆς καρδίας & τὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	The phrases **the mouth**, **the heart**, and **the man** represent men, their mouths, and their hearts in general, not one particular man his mouth, and his heart. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “someone’s mouth … that person’s heart … that person”
15:18	jt6o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῆς καρδίας	1	In the author’s culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “the mind” or “the thoughts”
15:18	fnec		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	Although the term **man** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the person”
15:19	kqvu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a basis for the claim that Jesus made in the previous verse about how what comes out of the heart defiles a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “I say that because”
15:19	cv09		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τῆς καρδίας	1	The phrase **the heart** represents hearts in general, not one particular heart. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “people’s hearts”
15:19	ekbq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῆς καρδίας	1	See how you translated **heart** in [15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “the mind” or “the thoughts”
15:19	qeit		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξέρχονται	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “go”
15:19	ccfm			διαλογισμοὶ πονηροί, φόνοι, μοιχεῖαι, πορνεῖαι, κλοπαί, ψευδομαρτυρίαι, βλασφημίαι	1	Each of the items in this list translates a plural term that refers to specific actions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that refers to specific actions. Alternate translation: “acts of evil thinking, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false testimony, and blasphemy”
15:19	xjbx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	διαλογισμοὶ πονηροί, φόνοι, μοιχεῖαι, πορνεῖαι, κλοπαί, ψευδομαρτυρίαι, βλασφημίαι	1	If your language does not use nouns for some or all of the ideas in this list, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “evil things that people do, including evil thinking, murdering, acting in adulterous and sexually immoral ways, stealing things, claiming that something false is true, and blaspheming”
15:20	q94l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τὸν ἄνθρωπον & τὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	The phrase **the man** represents men in general, not one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “someone … someone”
15:20	bme7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἄνθρωπον & ἄνθρωπον	1	Although the term **man** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “person … person”
15:20	c6z2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ & ἀνίπτοις χερσὶν φαγεῖν	1	Here Jesus refers to how people would wash their hands with water to make them ritually or ceremonially clean. See the chapter introduction for more information about this kind of washing. Express the idea as you did in [15:2](../15/02.md). Alternate translation: “to eat without ceremonially washing one’s hands with water”
15:21	e5gv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἐκεῖθεν	1	Here, the phrase **And having come out from there** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that introduces a new event. Alternate translation: “After Jesus said those things, he came out from there. Then”\n
15:21	acuv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξελθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone out”
15:21	fvxr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκεῖθεν	1	Here, the word **there** refers to the region of Gennesaret (see [14:34](../14/34.md)), which is where Jesus was teaching the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from where he was” or “from Gennesaret”
15:21	t81u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνεχώρησεν	1	Matthew implies that the disciples went with Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples”
15:22	x1wm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	ἰδοὺ, γυνὴ Χαναναία ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων ἐκείνων ἐξελθοῦσα, ἔκραζεν	1	Here Matthew introduces **a Canaanite woman** as a new character in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Alternate translation: “there was a woman who was a Canaanite. She came out from those regions to Jesus, and she was crying out”
15:22	huq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
15:22	aobs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων ἐκείνων ἐξελθοῦσα	1	Here Matthew implies that the woman left her home and went to where Jesus was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having come out from her home in those regions to where Jesus was”
15:22	jeo0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξελθοῦσα	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone out”
15:22	babb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγουσα	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and she said”\n
15:22	zxvj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	ἐλέησόν με, Κύριε, Υἱὸς Δαυείδ; ἡ θυγάτηρ μου κακῶς δαιμονίζεται	1	Here the woman asks Jesus to have **mercy** on her before she says why she needs help. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include why she needs help before she asks for **mercy**. Alternate translation: “Lord, my daughter is severely demon-possessed. Have mercy on me, Son of David!”
15:22	kwye		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐλέησόν με	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of mercy, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Be merciful to me”
15:22	hbk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἐλέησόν	1	Here, the command is singular because the woman is speaking to Jesus.
15:22	xs64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Υἱὸς Δαυείδ	1	Here, the word **Son** means a male descendant. It does not mean that Jesus was the direct son of David. Express the idea as you did in [9:27](../09/27.md). Alternate translation: “Descendant of David” or “you who are descended from David”
15:22	j6rt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἡ θυγάτηρ μου κακῶς δαιμονίζεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A demon is severely possessing my daughter”
15:22	o0yn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κακῶς δαιμονίζεται	1	Here the woman implies that the demon is hurting or injuring her **daughter**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “is painfully demon-possessed” or “is demon-possessed and suffering greatly”
15:23	hd2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῇ λόγον	1	Matthew is using the term **word** to mean something spoken in words. The phrase **did not answer her a word** means that Jesus did not use words to respond to the woman’s requests. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “kept silent” or “did not answer her in any way”
15:23	hlqp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προσελθόντες	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples **approached** Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “having approached Jesus”
15:23	p8e8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation without the preceding comma: “and they said”
15:23	uxps		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἀπόλυσον αὐτήν, ὅτι κράζει ὄπισθεν ἡμῶν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the request that the first clause expresses. Alternate translation: “She is crying out after us, so send her away”
15:23	a3wr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	ἀπόλυσον αὐτήν	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “We ask that you send her away”
15:23	otzz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπόλυσον αὐτήν	1	Here the disciples could be asking Jesus: (1) to tell the women to leave them alone and go away. Alternate translation: “Make her leave us alone” (2) to cast the demon out of the woman’s daughter and tell her to go home. Alternate translation: “Cast the demon out of her daughter and send her away”
15:23	tyn0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἀπόλυσον αὐτήν	1	Here, the command is singular because the disciples are speaking to Jesus.
15:23	wu1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κράζει ὄπισθεν ἡμῶν	1	Here the disciples imply that the woman was walking behind them and **crying out** many times. The disciples found this very annoying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some or all of that information explicit. Alternate translation: “she is following us and annoying us by crying out”
15:24	mk22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	εἶπεν	1	Here Matthew does not specify to whom Jesus said these words. It is possible that it was the woman, or more likely, the disciples. If possible, do not specify to whom Jesus said these words. Alternate translation: “spoke these words:”
15:24	wfnx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	οὐκ ἀπεστάλην εἰ μὴ εἰς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ	1	If it would in appear your language that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “I was sent only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel”
15:24	t9ga		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἀπεστάλην	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God did not send me”
15:24	u9t4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ	1	Here, Jesus could be using the possessive form to describe: (1) all of **the house of Israel** as **lost sheep**. Alternate translation: “the lost sheep, who are the house of Israel” (2) some of **the house of Israel** as **lost sheep**. Alternate translation: “the lost sheep among the house of Israel”
15:24	oruf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ	1	Here Jesus speaks of his fellow Jewish people as if they were **lost sheep**. He means that they are not following God and need help. This is an important metaphor in the Bible, so you could preserve the figure of speech or use simile form. See how you translated this phrase in [10:6](../10/06.md). Alternate translation: “the house of Israel, who are like lost sheep” or “the house of Israel, who are far away from God, like lost sheep”
15:24	kilt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἴκου Ἰσραήλ	1	Here Jesus refers to a people group or nation as if it were a **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this phrase in [10:6](../10/06.md). Alternate translation: “of the nation of Israel” or “of the Israelites”
15:25	oojb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,”
15:25	u3jj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	προσεκύνει αὐτῷ	1	In the woman’s culture, bowing down to a person was a way to honor a greater person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a similar action from your culture, or you could explain what bowing down means. Alternate translation: “prostrated herself before him” or “bowed down to him in respect”
15:25	cntx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	βοήθει	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “I ask that you help”
15:25	yj7o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	βοήθει	1	Here, the command is singular because the woman is speaking to Jesus.
15:26	ihz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	οὐκ ἔστιν καλὸν λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων καὶ βαλεῖν τοῖς κυναρίοις	1	To explain to the woman why he has not helped her, Jesus offers a story or illustration. In the story, the **children** represent the Jewish people, the **little dogs** represent non-Jewish people, and **the bread** represents the help that Jesus gives to people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that this is a story with a specific message, or you could explain what the parable means. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: It is not good to take the bread of the children and to throw {it} to the little dogs” or “It is not good to take the bread of the children and to throw {it} to the little dogs. That is what helping you instead of my fellow Jews would be like”
15:26	vrm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **bread** that was prepared for **the children** to eat. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the food prepared for the children” or “the food that the children were going to eat”
15:26	a5bc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	τὸν ἄρτον	1	Jesus is using **bread** to represent food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the meals”
15:26	faxn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	βαλεῖν τοῖς κυναρίοις	1	Here, Jesus implies that the bread is thrown **to the little dogs** so that they can eat it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to throw it to the little dogs for them to eat”
15:26	ge48		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τοῖς κυναρίοις	1	Here, the phrase **little dogs** could describe: (1) domesticated animals that eat pests and can protect houses and families. You could use the name of a similar animal in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “to the domesticated animals” or “to the guard animals” (2) scavenging animals that were generally considered unclean and dirty. You could use the name of a similar animal in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “to the scavenging animals” or “to the dirty animals”
15:27	rtie		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ναί	1	Here, the woman uses the word **Yes** to indicate that she understands and agrees with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Yes, I agree” or “Yes, that is true”
15:27	j686		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces the woman’s further explanation of what Jesus said about children and little dogs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “but it is also true” or “yet even further,”
15:27	yvw1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	καὶ γὰρ τὰ κυνάρια ἐσθίει ἀπὸ τῶν ψιχίων τῶν πιπτόντων ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης τῶν κυρίων αὐτῶν	1	To ask Jesus to help her, the woman offers a story or illustration based on the parable that Jesus told in [15:26](../15/26.md). In the story, the **little dogs** represent non-Jewish people, and **the crumbs** represent the help that Jesus gives to people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that this is a story with a specific message, or you could explain what the parable means. Alternate translation: “and here is a similar story: the little dogs eat from the crumbs falling from the table of their masters” or “for also the little dogs eat from the crumbs falling from the table of their masters. That is what helping me would be like”
15:27	i5tt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὰ κυνάρια	1	See you how you translated this phrase in [15:26](../15/26.md). Alternate translation: “to the domesticated animals” or “to the scavenging animals”
15:27	hoxv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῶν ψιχίων τῶν πιπτόντων ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης τῶν κυρίων αὐτῶν	1	Here the woman refers to how **dogs** often eat bits of food that fall off **the table** where the dogs’ owners are eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the bits of food that fall off the place where their masters are eating”
15:27	y50p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	τῆς τραπέζης	1	In this verse, the word **table** is singular in form, but it refers to all the tables of their masters as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “the tables”
15:28	bcx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὦ γύναι	1	Here Jesus uses the phrase **O woman** to address the Canaanite woman. This phrase was a polite way to refer to someone, and Jesus uses it to show how impressed he is with what the woman said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that refers politely to woman who has a daughter. Alternate translation: “My dear woman” or “My lady”
15:28	x0rp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μεγάλη σου ἡ πίστις	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you have believed greatly”
15:28	swf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σου & σοι & θέλεις	1	Here, the words **your**, **you**, and **you** are singular because Jesus is speaking to the woman.
15:28	mbi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	γενηθήτω	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “It will be done” or “I am doing it”
15:28	tea2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γενηθήτω	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let it happen” or “let God do it”
15:28	n229		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἰάθη ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτῆς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus healed her daughter”
15:28	wwq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης	1	Here, the phrase **from that hour** indicates that the woman’s daughter **was healed** at the time when Jesus said those words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “right then” or “at that time”
15:29	np6e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	καὶ μεταβὰς ἐκεῖθεν, ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	Here, the phrase **And having left from there** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus left that place. He”
15:29	vqs7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκεῖθεν	1	Here, the word there refers to the areas near the cities of Tyre and Sidon (see [15:21](../15/21.md)), where Jesus was when he spoke with the Canaanite woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from the region of Tyre and Sidon” or “from where he met the Canaanite woman”
15:29	d0ie		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἦλθεν	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with **Jesus**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples went”
15:29	j1rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἀναβὰς	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come up”
15:29	jp6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	τὸ ὄρος	1	Matthew does not clarify what **mountain** this is or how high up it is. If possible, use a general word for a hill or small mountain without indicating one particular place. Alternate translation: “a high place” or “a small mountain”
15:30	c8td		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	χωλούς, τυφλούς, κυλλούς, κωφούς	1	Matthew is using the adjectives **lame**, **blind**, **crippled**, and **mute** as nouns to mean people who were sick in all those ways. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “people who were lame, blind, crippled, and mute”
15:30	l36z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἑτέρους πολλούς	1	Here Matthew implies that these people were sick in other ways. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “many other sick people” or “many who were sick in various other ways”
15:30	yf7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἔρριψαν αὐτοὺς παρὰ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **they laid them at his feet** means that the crowds **laid** the sick people in front of Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they laid them before him”
15:30	gy3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἔρριψαν αὐτοὺς & αὐτούς	1	Here, the word **they** refers to the **large crowds**, and the word **them** refers to the sick people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the crowds laid the sick people … those sick people”
15:31	zarb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὥστε	1	Here, the phrase **so that** introduces a result from Jesus healing many sick people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “with the result that”
15:31	be52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	κωφοὺς & κυλλοὺς & χωλοὺς & τυφλοὺς	1	See how you translated these phrases in [15:30](../15/30.md). Alternate translation: “people who were mute … people who were crippled … people who were lame … people who were blind”
15:31	dfgm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸν Θεὸν Ἰσραήλ	1	Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe the **God** whom **Israel** worships. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the God whom Israel worships”
15:31	n0m7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Ἰσραήλ	1	Here, the word **Israel** refers to the people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of the people of Israel”
15:32	gngo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
15:32	ofkm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	σπλαγχνίζομαι ἐπὶ τὸν ὄχλον, ὅτι ἤδη ἡμέραι τρεῖς προσμένουσίν μοι, καὶ οὐκ ἔχουσιν τι φάγωσιν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The crowd is remaining with me already three days and does not have anything to eat, so I have compassion on them”
15:32	m8v4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	σπλαγχνίζομαι ἐπὶ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **compassion**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I sympathize with”
15:32	lmax			ἐκλυθῶσιν	1	Alternate translation: “they might become weary” or “they might lose their strength”
15:32	q1dp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ	1	Here, Jesus implies that the people would be walking **on the way** to their homes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “on the way to their homes” or “while they going home”
15:33	plpn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
15:33	uhi3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πόθεν ἡμῖν ἐν ἐρημίᾳ, ἄρτοι τοσοῦτοι ὥστε χορτάσαι ὄχλον τοσοῦτον?	1	The disciples are using the question form to tell Jesus that they do not have enough food for the crowd. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is impossible for us in a desolate place to find enough bread so as to satisfy so large a crowd.” or “There is certainly no place in this desolate area where we can get enough bread to satisfy so large a crowd!”
15:33	m719		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	ἄρτοι	1	The disciples are using **bread** to represent any food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food”
15:34	f4lf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
15:34	hbte		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἄρτους	1	See how you translated **loaves** in [14:17](../14/17.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread”
15:34	k86l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἑπτά, καὶ	1	The disciples are leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “We have seven loaves and”
15:35	pc5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀναπεσεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would usually **recline**, or lay on one side, when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture, or you could just refer to eating. Alternate translation: “to get ready to eat on the ground”
15:36	mll5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄρτους	1	See how you translated **loaves** in [14:17](../14/17.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread”
15:36	qrcn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔκλασεν καὶ ἐδίδου	1	Here Matthew means that Jesus **broke** the loaves of bread in pieces so that they could be served to the crowds. This was a normal practice in his culture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he divided the loaves into servings and was giving them” or “he broke the loaves into smaller pieces and was giving the pieces”
15:36	a9s4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οἱ & μαθηταὶ τοῖς ὄχλοις	1	Matthew is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the disciples gave them to the crowds”
15:37	m7nw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἔφαγον πάντες & ἦραν	1	The pronoun **they** in the phrase **they all ate** refers to the crowds. The pronoun **they** in the phrase **they took up** refers to the disciples. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the crowds all ate … the disciples took up”
15:37	trkz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	καὶ ἐχορτάσθησαν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your languages. Alternative translation: “until they were full”
15:37	gjjs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τὸ περισσεῦον τῶν κλασμάτων	1	Here, the phrase **the remaining** refers to what was left after everyone ate. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the leftovers” or “what was left of the broken pieces”
15:37	htll		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	σπυρίδας	1	The word **baskets** refers to large circular containers that store food or other items. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of container, you could use the name of something similar in your area, or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “boxes” or “containers”
15:38	i5xn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	δὲ	1	Matthews uses the word **But** to introduce background information that helps the readers understand how amazing what Jesus did was. The word does not introduce another event in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “As for how many people were there,” or “In the end,”
15:38	z66m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	χωρὶς γυναικῶν καὶ παιδίων	1	Here Matthew means that the number he has given does not include **women and children**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “which does not include women and children”
15:39	j06u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐνέβη	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples got”
15:39	eku7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἦλθεν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “came”
15:39	m8dp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Μαγαδάν	1	The word **Magadan** could be the name of: (1) a small village. Alternate translation: “of the village of Magadan” (2) a district or area. Alternate translation: “of the district of Magadan”
16:intro	za2k				0	# Matthew 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n7. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53-17:27)\n      * The Pharisees and Sadducees test Jesus (16:1–4)\n      * The yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees (16:5–12)\n      * Who Jesus really is (16:13–20)\n      * What Jesus and his disciples must do (16:21–28)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The sign of Jonah\n\nIn [16:4](../16/04.md), Jesus briefly refers to “the sign of Jonah.” He has already discussed this sign in more detail in [12:39–41](../12/39.md). See the introduction to chapter 12 for more information. Express the idea here as you did there. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/names/jonah]])\n\n### Peter, “this rock,” and the keys of the kingdom\n\nIn [16:18–19](../16/18.md), Jesus tells Peter that he is a rock on which the church will be built and that he has been given the keys to the kingdom of the heavens. It is clear is that Peter is very important for God’s kingdom. However, Christians debate in what way Peter is important. Some think that Peter is primarily important because of what he confessed about Jesus. Others think that Peter and his successors have authority over the church. Others think that Peter himself had authority over the early church but that he did not have any successors. If possible, express the idea in a general way but so that it is clear that Peter supports the church and has some kind of authority.\n\n### The coming of the Son of Man\n\nIn [16:27–28](../16/27.md), Jesus twice refers to how he, the Son of Man, will “come.” The first time (in [16:27](../16/27.md)), Jesus speaks about coming in glory with his angels. In this case, he is almost certainly referring to his second coming, when he will punish or reward everyone for what they have done.\n\nThe second time he refers to his “coming” (in [16:28](../16/28.md)), Jesus speaks about coming “in his kingdom.” Christians debate what he could be referring to. It could be:\n\n1. Jesus’ transfiguration, which Matthew narrates in [17:1–8](../17/01.md)\n2. Jesus’ resurrection and enthronement in heaven\n3. the empowerment and growth of the church\n4. the destruction of Jerusalem\n5. Jesus’ second coming\n6. several of these options together\n\nSince Christians have understood this verse in at least these different ways, if possible your translation should allow for all these options. See the notes on [16:28](../16/28.md) for translation options.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees\n\nIn [16:5–12](../16/05.md), Jesus tells his disciples to guard themselves from the “yeast” of the Pharisees and Sadducees. The disciples misunderstand him and think that he is saying something about bread, which they forgot to bring with them. Jesus reminds them that he is not talking about lack of bread, since he has proved twice that he can multiply food. When he repeats that they should guard themselves from the “yeast” of the Pharisees and Sadducees, the disciples realize that Jesus is speaking figuratively about what the Pharisees and Sadducees teach. Since the disciples misunderstanding “yeast” is an important part of this passage, you should not explain what “yeast” means when Jesus uses the word. However, make sure that it is clear that “yeast” refers to teachings when Matthew explains the metaphor in [16:12](../16/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### “This rock” and the name Peter\n\nIn [16:18](../16/18.md), Jesus tells Peter that his name is “Peter.” Jesus does this because he wants to comment on what the name “Peter” means, which is “rock.” After saying the name “Peter,” Jesus says that he will build his church “on this rock,” which refers back to the name “Peter.” Consider how you might naturally explain what the name “Peter” means so that your readers understand what Jesus means when he speaks about “this rock.” You could consider using a footnote or explaining the name in the translation itself.\n\n### The keys of the kingdom\n\nIn [16:19](../16/19.md), Jesus promises that he will give “the keys of the kingdom of the heavens” to Peter. This could mean that Peter will control who enters the kingdom and who does not enter the kingdom. Or, it could mean that Peter has a position of authority within the kingdom. Since Christians debate exactly what the “keys” mean, if possible you should preserve the metaphor or express the idea in a general way. See the notes on the verse for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to the disciples. Because of this, the majority of forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### Verses 2b–3\n\nSome of the earliest manuscripts do not include anything for [16:2b–3](../16/02.md). Since the earliest manuscripts do not include these words, the ULT and UST put them in brackets. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT and omit these words. If it would be helpful, you could put the words in brackets or in a footnote.
16:1	l9h7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	καὶ	1	Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
16:1	syka		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	προσελθόντες & πειράζοντες	1	Here, the word **testing** introduces the purpose for which the Pharisees and Sadducees **approached** Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “having approached with the goal of testing him”
16:1	t7p5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν σημεῖον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐπιδεῖξαι αὐτοῖς	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “asked him, ‘Show us a sign from heaven!’”
16:1	vs9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	σημεῖον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	The implication is that the Pharisees and Sadducees wanted Jesus to do a miracle to prove that his authority came from God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a sign from heaven that proved that his authority was from God”
16:1	eukn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	Here, the phrase **from heaven** indicates that the **sign** originates in **heaven**, where God rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from heaven, where God rules” or “that comes from the place where God is”
16:2-3	ubk7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	ὀψίας γενομένης λέγετε, εὐδία; πυρράζει γὰρ ὁ οὐρανός. & καὶ πρωΐ, σήμερον χειμών; πυρράζει γὰρ στυγνάζων ὁ οὐρανός. τὸ μὲν πρόσωπον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ γινώσκετε διακρίνειν τὰ δὲ σημεῖα τῶν καιρῶν οὐ δύνασθε?	1	See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to include [16:2b–3](../16/02.md) in your translation. The notes below discuss translation issues in these verses, for those who decide to include them.
16:2	e057		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγετε, εὐδία; πυρράζει γὰρ ὁ οὐρανός	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you say that it will be fair weather, for the sky is red.”
16:2	tda2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	εὐδία; πυρράζει γὰρ ὁ οὐρανός	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The sky is red, so it will be fair weather”
16:2	lp67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εὐδία	1	Here the people speaking are implying that the **fair weather** will take place on the next day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “fair weather tomorrow”
16:3	rl8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	πρωΐ, σήμερον χειμών; πυρράζει γὰρ στυγνάζων ὁ οὐρανός	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “in early morning you say that today will be stormy, for the sky is red, being overcast.”
16:3	r5tb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	πρωΐ, σήμερον	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “in early morning, you say, ‘Today”
16:3	f2eu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	σήμερον χειμών; πυρράζει γὰρ στυγνάζων ὁ οὐρανός	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “The sky is red, being overcast, so today will be stormy”
16:3	k6w7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸ & πρόσωπον	1	Here Jesus speaks as if the **sky** had a **face**. He is referring to how the sky looks from the ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the appearance” or “the look”
16:3	kd67			τὰ δὲ σημεῖα τῶν καιρῶν οὐ δύνασθε	1	This clause could be: (1) a statement that rebukes the Pharisees and Sadducees. Alternate translation: “but you are not able to interpret the signs of the time.” (2) a rhetorical question that rebukes the Pharisees and the Sadducees. Alternate translation: “but are you not able to interpret the signs of the times?”
16:3	e5yh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὰ & σημεῖα τῶν καιρῶν	1	Here, Jesus could be using the possessive form to describe **signs** that: (1) happen during the **times**. Alternate translation: “the signs that are happening during these times” (2) indicate that specific **times** have arrived. Alternate translation: “the signs that show that the times are here”
16:3	hu1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὐ δύνασθε	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “you are not able to interpret”
16:4	jl3e			γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς σημεῖον ἐπιζητεῖ, καὶ σημεῖον οὐ δοθήσεται αὐτῇ, εἰ μὴ τὸ σημεῖον Ἰωνᾶ	1	What Jesus says here is identical to what he said in [12:39](../12/39.md) except for the phrase “the prophet” before the name **Jonah**. Translate this sentence as you did in [12:39](../12/39.md).
16:4	fhx6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοὺς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the Pharisees and Sadducees who had asked for a sign (see [16:1](../16/01.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the people who asked him for a sign” or “those Pharisees and Sadducees”
16:4	d9eq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπῆλθεν	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples went away”
16:5	ii6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	καὶ	1	Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
16:5	xyrg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐλθόντες οἱ μαθηταὶ εἰς τὸ πέραν, ἐπελάθοντο ἄρτους λαβεῖν	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples **forgot** the **bread** before they traveled **to the other side**, but they realized that they had forgotten it when they reached **the other side**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the disciples forgot to take bread with them, and when they came to the other side, they realized that they had forgotten” or “the disciples, having come to the other side, recognized that they had forgotten to take bread”
16:5	whsi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐλθόντες	1	Here Matthew implies that both the disciples and Jesus came to the other side. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when they and Jesus came”
16:5	upyi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθόντες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
16:5	si9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ πέραν	1	Here Matthew implies that they traveled to **the other side** of the Sea of Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the other side of the lake”
16:6	h3rz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
16:6	u7my		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	ὁρᾶτε καὶ προσέχετε ἀπὸ	1	The terms **See** and **guard** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Guard against” or “Keep away from”
16:6	jak2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ὁρᾶτε καὶ	1	Here, the word **See** means that the disciples need to make sure that something happens or does not happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Make sure that you”
16:6	gs4g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **yeast** that **the Pharisees and Sadducees** have or use. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the yeast that the Pharisees and Sadducees have”
16:6	hfz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων	1	Here, **yeast** is a metaphor that refers to what the Pharisees and Sadducees teach. However, the disciples did not immediately understand that Jesus was using a metaphor; instead, they do not realize what **yeast** refers to until [16:12](../16/12.md). So, you should preserve the metaphor here without explaining its meaning, since Matthew will give an explanation in [16:12](../16/12.md).
16:7	p6hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν ἑαυτοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **among themselves** could mean: (1) that the disciples **were reasoning** with each other. Alternate translation: “with one another” (2) that the disciples were thinking this without saying it. Alternate translation: “within themselves”
16:7	jx1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἐλάβομεν	1	Here, the word translated **because** could introduce: (1) what the disciples think might be the reason for why Jesus said what he did about yeast. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘He said that because we did not take bread’” (2) what the disciples say. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘We did not take bread’”
16:7	t9om		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	λέγοντες, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἐλάβομεν	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “saying that it was because they did not take bread”
16:7	wyua		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὅτι	1	Here the disciples imply that they are giving a reason for why Jesus said what he did about yeast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus has spoken about yeast because”
16:7	mmzt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	οὐκ ἐλάβομεν	1	By **we**, the disciples mean themselves but not Jesus, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
16:8	ekph		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
16:8	zz4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί διαλογίζεσθε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ὀλιγόπιστοι, ὅτι ἄρτους οὐκ ἔχετε?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You of little faith! Do not reason among yourselves that you do not have bread!” or “You of little faith, it is wrong for you to be reasoning among yourselves that you do not have bread.”
16:8	mg8s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ὀλιγόπιστοι	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “You who believe so little”
16:8	ia8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν ἑαυτοῖς	1	Here, much as in [16:7](../16/07.md), the phrase **among yourselves** could mean: (1) that the disciples were **reasoning** with each other. Alternate translation: “with one another” (2) that the disciples were thinking this without saying it. Alternate translation: “within yourselves”
16:9	h5bg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὔπω νοεῖτε, οὐδὲ μνημονεύετε τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους τῶν πεντακισχιλίων, καὶ πόσους κοφίνους ἐλάβετε?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation.Alternate translation: “You do not yet perceive nor remember the five loaves of the 5,000, and how many baskets you received!” or “I am disappointed that you do not yet perceive nor remember the five loaves of the 5,000, and how many baskets you received.”
16:9	ux51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους τῶν πεντακισχιλίων	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to refer to **the five loaves** that he used to feed **the 5,000**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the five loaves that fed the 5,000”
16:9	glqh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῶν πεντακισχιλίων	1	Matthew is using the number **5,000** as a noun to mean 5,000 men. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of the 5,000 men”
16:9	m3cu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἄρτους	1	See how you translated **loaves** in [14:17](../14/17.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread”
16:9	c2lx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κοφίνους	1	Here Jesus implies that the **baskets** were full of leftover food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “baskets full of leftovers”
16:9	h1ib		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	κοφίνους	1	See how you translated **baskets** in [14:20](../14/20.md). Alternate translation: “boxes” or “containers”
16:10	ejm5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐδὲ τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους τῶν τετρακισχιλίων, καὶ πόσας σπυρίδας ἐλάβετε?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Nor do you perceive or remember the seven loaves of the 4,000, and how many baskets you received!” or “I am also disappointed that you do not yet perceive nor remember the seven loaves of the 4,000, and how many baskets you received.”
16:10	s854		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὐδὲ	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Nor do you understand or remember”
16:10	b11x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἄρτους τῶν τετρακισχιλίων	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to refer to **the seven loaves** that he used to feed **the 4,000**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the seven loaves that fed the 4,000”
16:10	kjfw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἄρτους	1	See how you translated **loaves** in [14:17](../14/17.md). Alternate translation: “large chunks of bread”
16:10	npb9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῶν τετρακισχιλίων	1	Matthew is using the number **4,000** as a noun to mean 4,000 men. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of the 4,000 men”
16:10	jnkk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	σπυρίδας	1	Here Jesus implies that the **baskets** were full of leftover food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “baskets full of leftovers”
16:10	vcgl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	σπυρίδας	1	See how you translated **baskets** in [15:37](../15/37.md). Alternate translation: “boxes” or “containers”
16:11	mb2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πῶς οὐ νοεῖτε, ὅτι οὐ περὶ ἄρτων εἶπον ὑμῖν?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You do not perceive that I did not speak to you about bread!” or “I am disappointed that you do not perceive that I did not speak to you about bread.”
16:11	nw24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus really wants to say about **yeast** in contrast to simply speaking **about bread**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Rather,”
16:11	g16r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων	1	Here, just as in [16:6](../16/06.md), Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **yeast** that **the Pharisees and Sadducees** have or use. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the yeast that the Pharisees and Sadducees have”
16:11	i7x6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων	1	Here, just as in [16:6](../16/06.md), **yeast** is a metaphor that refers to what the Pharisees and Sadducees teach. However, the disciples did not immediately understand that Jesus was using a metaphor; instead, they do not realize what **yeast** refers to until [16:12](../16/12.md). So, you should preserve the metaphor here without explaining its meaning, since Matthew will give an explanation in [16:12](../16/12.md).\n
16:12	f73l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	συνῆκαν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to the disciples. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “the disciples understood”
16:12	f4p4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	οὐκ εἶπεν προσέχειν ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν ἄρτων, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ τῆς διδαχῆς τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων	1	If your language would not naturally put the negative statement before the positive statement, you could reverse the two clauses here. Alternate translation: “he had told them to guard from the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees, not from the yeast of the bread”
16:12	b4h9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τῆς ζύμης τῶν ἄρτων	1	Here, Matthew is using the possessive form to describe **yeast** that people use to make **bread**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the yeast used to make bread”
16:12	d990		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ	1	Matthew is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but to guard from”
16:12	t740		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῆς διδαχῆς τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ Σαδδουκαίων	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **teaching**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the things that the Pharisees and Sadducees taught”
16:13	e5cm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
16:13	xs2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐλθὼν	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when he and his disciples came”
16:13	ez5g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
16:13	f7ik		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
16:13	e8y5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	οἱ ἄνθρωποι	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “men and women”
16:13	e1jh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	εἶναι τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the one who is the Son of Man, am”\n
16:13	dju6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** may be equivalent to “Messiah.” However, since Jesus is asking about who people say that **the Son of Man** is, if possible you should not explain what the title means.
16:14	mwgp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ μὲν Ἰωάννην τὸν Βαπτιστήν; ἄλλοι δὲ Ἠλείαν; ἕτεροι δὲ Ἰερεμίαν ἢ ἕνα τῶν προφητῶν	1	Since all these people and prophets had died before the disciples answered this question, the disciples are implying that people think that Jesus is one of these people who has come back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Some, John the Baptist come back to life; and some, Elijah come back to life; and others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets come back to life”
16:14	zqqg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οἱ μὲν Ἰωάννην τὸν Βαπτιστήν; ἄλλοι δὲ Ἠλείαν; ἕτεροι δὲ Ἰερεμίαν	1	The disciples are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Some say John the Baptist; and some say Elijah; and others say Jeremiah”
16:14	v7kl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οἱ μὲν & ἄλλοι & ἕτεροι	1	The disciples are using the adjectives **Some**, **some**, and **others** as nouns to mean various groups of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “Some among the people … some among the people … others among the people”
16:14	c9iz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕνα τῶν προφητῶν	1	Here the disciples are not excluding **John the Baptist**, **Elijah**, or **Jeremiah** from the group of **the prophets**. Instead, they are referring the many other **prophets** that God had sent. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “another one of the prophets”
16:15	cgiz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “He said”
16:16	ns0y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σὺ	1	Since Peter is talking to Jesus, the word **You** here is singular.
16:16	n5wi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος	1	**Son** is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship with God the Father.
16:16	r1h7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος	1	Here, the phrase **the living God** identifies God as the one who “lives.” The primary point is that God actually “lives,” unlike idols and other things that people call “god.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that emphasizes that God really “lives.” Alternate translation: “of the God who lives” or “of the true God”
16:17	sash		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
16:17	yh0s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μακάριος εἶ, Σίμων Βαριωνᾶ, ὅτι σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι, ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses since the last clauses gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “Because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but my Father in the heavens, you are blessed, Simon Bar Jonah”
16:17	zm55		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μακάριος εἶ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God will bless you”
16:17	npe1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	εἶ & σοι	1	Since Jesus is talking to Peter, the word **you** throughout this verse is singular.
16:17	le6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	Σίμων Βαριωνᾶ	1	**Bar** is a word borrowed from Aramaic. You will need to decide if you will also borrow this word into your language or if you will translate the meaning. Either approach has broad support. If you borrow the word, you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and then put the translation in a footnote. Alternative translation: “Simon son of Jonah”\n
16:17	gxjb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Βαριωνᾶ	1	The word **Jonah** is the name of a man.
16:17	g8s5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι, ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	If your language would not naturally put the negative statement before the positive statement, you could reverse the two clauses here. Alternate translation: “my Father in the heavens revealed this to you, not flesh and blood”
16:17	dfw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν	1	This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with and. The words **flesh and blood** together identify what it means to be human. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use **and**. Alternate translation: “humans did not reveal this” or “no human being revealed this”
16:17	wix3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οὐκ ἀπεκάλυψέν σοι	1	The pronoun **this** refers to Peter’s pronouncement in the previous verse that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to that pronouncement more directly. Alternate translation: “did not reveal to you that I am the Christ” or “did not reveal to you what you just said”
16:17	v5lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀλλ’ ὁ Πατήρ μου, ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but my Father in the heavens revealed it to you”
16:17	gi3l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Πατήρ μου	1	**Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus his Son.
16:17	a3e5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God the Father is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”
16:18	dx2v			κἀγὼ & σοι λέγω	1	Jesus uses the clause **I also say to you** this to emphasize what he is telling the Peter. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I also want you to know”
16:18	wbzd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σοι & σὺ	1	Since Jesus is talking to Peter, the word **you** throughout this verse is singular.
16:18	z897		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	σὺ εἶ Πέτρος	1	The name **Peter** means “rock.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you have the name Peter, which means ‘rock’”
16:18	c7rr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ	1	Here Jesus could be referring to **this rock** in order to: (1) describe **Peter**, whose name means “rock,” as solid foundation, a **rock**, for the church. Alternate translation: “upon you, who are like a rock,” or “upon you” (2) refer to what Peter said about Jesus (that he is the Christ) as a solid foundation or **rock** for the church. Alternate translation: “upon your confession, which is like a rock,” or “upon your confession”
16:18	x43d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν	1	Jesus here speaks as if his **church** were a building that someone could **build**. With this metaphor, he refers to making the **church** become stronger and more mature, just like the one who builds a house makes it strong and complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will strengthen my church as if I were building it” or “I will make my church strong”
16:18	vu9u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πύλαι ᾍδου	1	Here, Jesus could be referring to **the gates of Hades** in order to: (1) speak about how, when people enter through **the gates of Hades**, they die. Alternate translation: “death” or “the power of death” (2) speak about evil powers that come out through **the gates of Hades**. Alternate translation: “the powers of hell” or “evil powers”
16:18	l98f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῆς	1	The pronoun **it** refers to **my church**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer more directly to the church. Alternate translation: “my church”
16:19	pp5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	δώσω σοι τὰς κλεῖδας τῆς Βασιλείας τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	Here Jesus speaks of giving authority to Peter as if he were giving him **the keys of the kingdom of the heavens**. Christians debate what kind of authority this is, so if possible, you should preserve the metaphor or simply refer to some kind of authority. Alternate translation: “I will give to you the keys of the kingdom of the heavens so that you have authority” or “I will give you authority in the kingdom of the heavens”
16:19	dlca		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σοι & δήσῃς & λύσῃς	1	Since Jesus is talking to Peter, the word **you** throughout this verse is singular.
16:19	k09j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὰς κλεῖδας τῆς Βασιλείας	1	The word **keys** refers to tools that are used to lock and unlock things, especially doors and gates. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tool, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the tools for locking and unlocking the kingdom” or “the openers for the kingdom”\n
16:19	dy4p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	1	Here, the word **and** introduces how Peter will exercise the authority that Jesus will give to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a result or goal. Alternate translation: “so that”
16:19	ef9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὃ ἐὰν δήσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται δεδεμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	Here Jesus speaks of decisions that Peter and God make as if they were binding something. These decisions are specifically about requiring or enforcing something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Since Jesus uses very general language, your translation should also be very general. Alternate translation: “whatever you require on the earth will have been required in the heavens” or “whatever you enforce on the earth will have been enforced in the heavens”
16:19	ysk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἔσται δεδεμένον & ἔσται λελυμένον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God will have bound … God will have loosed”
16:19	kc3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὃ ἐὰν λύσῃς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται λελυμένον ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	Here Jesus speaks of decisions that Peter and God make as if they were binding something. These decisions are specifically about allowing or abrogating something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Since Jesus uses very general language, your translation should also be very general. Alternate translation: “whatever you allow on the earth will have been allowed in the heavens” or “whatever you annul on the earth will have been annulled in the heavens”
16:20	s024		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	τοῖς μαθηταῖς, ἵνα μηδενὶ εἴπωσιν ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “the disciples, ‘Tell no one that I am the Christ’”
16:20	b0bb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	μηδενὶ εἴπωσιν ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “they tell no one, ‘He is the Christ’”
16:21	yile		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀπελθεῖν, καὶ πολλὰ παθεῖν ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων, καὶ ἀρχιερέων, καὶ γραμματέων, καὶ ἀποκτανθῆναι καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “to his disciples, saying, ‘It is necessary for me to go to Jerusalem and to suffer much from the elders and chief priests and scribes and to be killed and to be raised on the third day’”
16:21	so7o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀποκτανθῆναι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that **the elders and chief priests and scribes** would order someone to do it. Alternate translation: “to die” or “for them to put him to death”
16:21	es1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐγερθῆναι	1	Here, the word **raised** refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable word or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to be restored to life”
16:21	r5hj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐγερθῆναι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, Matthew could be implying that: (1) God did it. Alternate translation: “to have God raise him” or “for God to raise him” (2) Jesus himself did it. Alternate translation: “to raise himself”
16:21	q0c7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ	1	Here, the phrase **on the third day** refers to the day after tomorrow. People in Jesus’ culture counted the current day as the first day, tomorrow as the second day, and the day after tomorrow as **the third day**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to the day after tomorrow. Alternate translation: “on the day after the next day” or “two days later”
16:21	jjx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “on day three”\n
16:22	olky		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
16:22	guz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἵλεώς σοι	1	Here, the phrase **Merciful to you** could mean: (1) that Jesus should not be thinking about or talking about what he has predicted will happen. Alternate translation: “Far be it from you” or “Stop saying those things” (2) that he believes that God will mercifully protect Jesus from what Jesus has predicted will happen. Alternate translation: “God will have mercy on you” or “May God be merciful to you”
16:22	jpoi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σοι	-1	Since Peter is talking to Jesus, the word **you** throughout this verse is singular.
16:22	qx41		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τοῦτο	1	The pronoun **this** refers to the things that Jesus had just spoken about what would happen to him. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to those things more directly. Alternate translation: “those things” or “what you have said”
16:22	tck2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ	1	The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means”
16:23	qsof		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that”
16:23	sfjd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	στραφεὶς	1	Here Matthew could be implying that Jesus **turned**: (1) to face Peter. Alternate translation: “having turned toward Peter” (2) away from Peter. Alternate translation: “having turned away from Peter”
16:23	h99i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου	1	Here Jesus speaks as if he wants Peter to **Get behind** him. He means that Peter should not rebuke him but should instead accept what Jesus says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not stand in my way” or “Do not rebuke me”
16:23	f28i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Σατανᾶ	1	Here Jesus calls Peter **Satan** because Peter is asking like **Satan** by tempting Jesus to disobey God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or explain the metaphor. Alternate translation: “you who are acting like Satan” or “for you are tempting me as Satan does”
16:23	b9y0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	σκάνδαλον εἶ ἐμοῦ, ὅτι οὐ φρονεῖς τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “Because you are not considering the things of God, but the things of men, you are a stumbling block to me”
16:23	asig		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σκάνδαλον εἶ ἐμοῦ	1	Here, Jesus speaks of someone who tempts others to sin as if that person were a **stumbling block**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You are tempting me to sin”
16:23	cro2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	εἶ & οὐ φρονεῖς	1	Since Jesus is talking to Peter, the words **You** and **you** are singular.
16:23	z28c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	οὐ φρονεῖς τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	If your language would not naturally put the negative statement before the positive statement, you could reverse the two clauses here. Alternate translation: “you are considering the things of men, not the things of God”
16:23	svgz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ τὰ	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but you are considering the things”
16:23	y3s2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “of human beings” or “of people”
16:24	t0zn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	εἴ τις θέλει	1	Here Jesus uses the conditional form to refer to **anyone** who **wants to come after** him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever form naturally introduces anyone who wants to follow Jesus. Alternate translation: “Anyone who wants” or “When someone wants”
16:24	ck1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ὀπίσω μου ἐλθεῖν	1	Here, the phrase **come after me** refers to traveling with Jesus and being his disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to be my disciples” or “to travel with me as my students”\n
16:24	m9a5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν, καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he should deny himself and take up his cross and follow me”
16:24	r13i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν & αὐτοῦ	1	Although the terms **him**, **himself**, and **his** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “let that person deny himself or herself … his or her”
16:24	rclq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν	1	Here, the phrase **deny himself** refers to a person choosing not to do what they would naturally do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “let him exercise self-control” or “choose not to do what he naturally desires”
16:24	m44z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ	1	Jesus assumes that the disciples will know that the Romans executed some criminals by nailing them to a wooden beam with crossbar that was set upright so that the criminals would slowly suffocate. Jesus also assumes that the disciples will know that the Romans made these criminals carry these wooden crosses through the streets to the place where they were going to be executed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some of this information more explicit. Alternate translation: “take up the wooden cross on which he will be executed”
16:24	pg9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus speaks of taking up a **cross** in order to describe people who are ready and willing to suffer and even die because they follow Jesus. Because this figure of speech is connected to how Jesus himself died on a **cross**, if possible you should preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. See how you translated the similar expression in [10:38](../10/38.md). Alternate translation: “be ready to suffer, which is like taking up his cross,” or “take up his cross, ready to suffer or die,”\n
16:25	guln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a basis for what Jesus said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I say that because” or “In fact,”
16:25	tp9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὃς & ἐὰν θέλῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ σῶσαι, ἀπολέσει αὐτήν; ὃς δ’ ἂν ἀπολέσῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ, εὑρήσει αὐτήν.	1	Here Jesus speaks of how people’s attitudes toward their current lives affects their eternal lives after they resurrect. He means that those who want **to save** their current lives will lose their eternal, resurrection lives, and that those who have lost their current lives will find their eternal, resurrection lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. See how you translated the similar ideas in [10:39](../10/39.md). Alternate translation: “whoever wants to save his current life will lose it forever, but whoever loses his current life for my sake will find it forever”
16:25	y9kc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	θέλῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ σῶσαι, ἀπολέσει αὐτήν	1	Here Jesus speaks of trying to preserve one’s **life** as if it were saving it. He speaks of dying as if it were losing one’s **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar clause in [10:39](../10/39.md). Alternate translation: “wants to preserve his life will die”
16:25	gcf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτοῦ	-1	Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her … his or her”
16:25	xz98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὃς δ’ ἂν ἀπολέσῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ, εὑρήσει αὐτήν	1	Here Jesus speaks of dying or being willing to die as losing one’s **life**. He speaks of experiencing eternal life as if it were finding one’s **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar clause in [10:39](../10/39.md). Alternate translation: “but whoever has died for my sake will have eternal life”
16:25	a8lh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ	1	When Jesus says **for my sake**, he means that some people will lose their lives because they are his disciples. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “because he is my disciple” or “because he believes in me”
16:26	m6jl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces another basis for what Jesus said in [16:24](../16/24.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Another reason I say that is because” or “Even further,”
16:26	eqe8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί & ὠφεληθήσεται ἄνθρωπος, ἐὰν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον κερδήσῃ, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ζημιωθῇ?	1	Jesus is using the question form to teach his disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “a man will benefit nothing if he gains the whole world but forfeits his life.” or “a man will never benefit anything if he gains the whole world but forfeits his life!”
16:26	o8a9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	τί & ὠφεληθήσεται ἄνθρωπος, ἐὰν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον κερδήσῃ, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ζημιωθῇ	1	Here Jesus uses an imaginary situation to show that forfeiting one’s **life** is bad enough that gaining anything else cannot make up for it. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “image a man who gained the whole world but forfeited his life. What will that man benefit”
16:26	g0xo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἄνθρωπος & κερδήσῃ & αὐτοῦ & ἄνθρωπος & αὐτοῦ	1	Although the terms **man**, **he**, and **his** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “a person … he or she gains … his or her … a person … his or her”
16:26	hh4w			τὴν & ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ & τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ	1	Alternate translation: “his soul … for his soul”
16:26	q7x1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἢ	1	Here, the word **Or** introduces a second question that again emphasizes how important a person’s **life** is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a similar idea, or you could leave **Or** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Again,” or “Even further,”
16:26	eck5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἢ τί δώσει ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ?	1	Jesus is using the question form to teach his disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “a man can give nothing in exchange for his life.” or “a man cannot give anything in exchange for his life!”
16:26	ot67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀντάλλαγμα τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus could be implying: (1) that there is nothing that is worth as much as a person’s **life**. Alternate translation: “that is as worth as much as his soul” (2) that there is nothing that is valuable enough to redeem one’s **life** when it has been forfeited. Alternate translation: “that can buy back his soul”
16:27	bytb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a basis for what Jesus has said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. More specifically, the word **For** could introduce the basis for: (1) what Jesus said in [16:26](../16/26.md) about how nothing is as valuable as a person’s soul. Alternate translation: “You should be thinking about your soul because” (2) what Jesus has said in [16:24–26](../16/24.md). Alternate translation: “I have said all those things because”
16:27	iyu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	μέλλει & ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου & αὐτοῦ & αὐτοῦ & ἀποδώσει	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, am about … my … my … I will repay”
16:27	qstb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
16:27	n1ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μέλλει & ἔρχεσθαι	1	Here Jesus implies that he, **the Son of Man**, will **come** back to this world at some point in the future. He is also implying that he will leave this world before he comes back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some or all of those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “is about to come back to this world” or “will leave this world, but he is about to come back”
16:27	t2ho		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in a way that his Father has made glorious along” or “as one who is as great as his Father”
16:27	vk5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ	1	**Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus his Son.
16:27	ebpa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τῶν ἀγγέλων αὐτοῦ	1	The pronoun **his** could refer to: (1) **the Son of Man**. Alternate translation: “the angels of the Son of Man” (2) the **Father**. Alternate translation: “his Father’s angels”
16:27	q9g3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἀποδώσει	1	The pronoun **he** refers to **the Son of Man**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “the Son of Man will repay”
16:27	bpbe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀποδώσει	1	Here Jesus uses **repay** to refer to appropriately punishing or rewarding someone as if the punishment or reward was payment for that person’s deeds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will decide how to treat people,”
16:27	g0ko		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν πρᾶξιν αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **action**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the things he did”
16:27	brrt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτοῦ	3	Although the term **his** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “his or her”
16:28	k2d1			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
16:28	wq13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὐ μὴ γεύσωνται θανάτου	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **death** were food that people could **taste**. Those who **taste death** truly experience **death** as much as a person who eats food truly experiences that food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will certainly not experience death” or “will certainly not participate in death”
16:28	p1d4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	οὐ μὴ γεύσωνται θανάτου	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “will certainly not die”
16:28	gfwc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ	1	The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means”
16:28	etk2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἐρχόμενον ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, coming in my kingdom”
16:28	b2pb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
16:28	txjv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	ἐρχόμενον ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ	1	Christians debate what the phrase **coming in his kingdom** means. It could refer to one or several of the following events: Jesus’ transfiguration (see [17:1–8](../17/01.md)), Jesus’ resurrection and enthronement in heaven, the empowerment and growth of the church, the destruction of Jerusalem, and Jesus’ final return. If possible, express the idea in such a way that most or all of these interpretations are possible. Alternate translation: “acting as king in his kingdom” or “taking charge of his kingdom”
17:intro	yb4k				0	# Matthew 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n7. Further opposition to Jesus and misunderstanding of the kingdom of God (13:53-17:27)\n      * Jesus is transfigured (17:1–8)\n      * The disciples ask about Elijah (17:9–13)\n      * Jesus heals an epileptic boy (17:14–21)\n      * Jesus predicts his suffering and death (17:22–23)\n      * The two-drachma tax (17:24–27)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### “transfigured”\n\nIn [17:1–8](../17/01.md), Matthew describes how Jesus was “transfigured.” This word indicates that Jesus looked very different to the disciples. Matthew does not tell us all the ways in which Jesus looked different, but he does say that Jesus’ face “shone as the sun” and that his clothes became very white. What this means is that the disciples were able to see some of the glory and majesty that Jesus has as God’s Son. Make sure that your translation shows that Jesus looked great and glorious.\n\n### Elijah\n\nWhen Jesus was transfigured, the disciples saw Moses and Elijah talking with him. Later, they ask Jesus about Elijah. They refer specifically to what the scribes say about a prophecy in [Malachi 4:5–6](../mal/04/05.md), which indicates that God will send “Elijah” to prepare the way before God comes to judge his enemies and reward his people. Malachi is referring to a prophet who lived even earlier. This prophet, named Elijah, performed many miracles and spoke messages from God (see [1 Kings 17–19](../1kg/17/01.md) and [2 Kings 2:1–17](../2kg/02/01.md)). The disciples ask about whether this Elijah is supposed to come before the Messiah does. Jesus says that this is true, and he talks about this “Elijah” in a way that shows the disciples that John the Baptist was “Elijah.” He means that John fulfills the prophecy in Malachi that someone like the prophet Elijah will prepare the way before God comes to judge and reward people. If your readers would not know the prophecy in Malachi or the stories about the prophet Elijah, you may need to include some of this information in your translation or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/names/elijah]])\n\n### The epileptic boy\n\nIn [17:14–21](../17/14.md), Matthew tells a story about how Jesus healed a boy. Matthew first describes this boy as an “epileptic,” which refers to a disease that causes people to pass out and move uncontrollably. Later on, however, Matthew makes it clear that a demon is causing the boy’s sickness. You should only make this clear when Matthew does. See the notes on these verses for ways to refer to the disease and how to introduce the demon.\n\n### The two-drachma tax\n\nDuring this time period, Jewish men were expected to pay a tax of two drachmas to the leaders, who would use the money to keep the Jewish temple operating properly. A drachma was about a day’s wages for a hired worker. When Jesus told Peter how to pay the tax, he said that he would find a coin worth four drachmas (a shekel) in the mouth of a fish he would catch. This coin would be enough to pay both Peter’s and Jesus’ taxes. You could include some of this information in your translation or in a footnote.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to the disciples. Because of this, the majority of forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### Verse 21\n\nSome of the earliest manuscripts do not include anything for [17:21](../17/21.md). Some early manuscripts and many later manuscripts include the following words: “But this kind does not go out except by prayer and fasting.” Since the earliest manuscripts do not include these words, the ULT and UST include these words in brackets. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to omit these words. If it would be helpful, you could put the words in brackets or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
17:1	u6dw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	καὶ μεθ’ ἡμέρας ἓξ	1	Here, the phrase **And after six days** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event. Alternate translation: “Then, after six days had passed,” or “Six days after those things happened,”
17:1	x4sj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	παραλαμβάνει & ἀναφέρει αὐτοὺς	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “took along … brought them up”
17:1	f2yy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ	1	Matthew never says whether **James** or **John** was older, but he mentions **James** first, which could imply that he was the older brother. If you have to use a form that refers to an older or younger brother, you could state that **John** was younger. Alternate translation: “his younger brother”
17:2	lvdq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	μετεμορφώθη	1	The word **transfigured** means to be changed in appearance or form. If your readers would not be familiar with the meaning of this word, you could express the idea with a short phrase. Alternate translation: “his appearance was changed” or “he began to look different”
17:2	kq4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μετεμορφώθη	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Matthew could be implying that: (1) Jesus did the action. Alternate translation: “he transfigured himself” (2) God did the action. Alternate translation: “God transfigured him”
17:2	uxg3			ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν	1	Alternate translation: “in front of them” or “as they watched”
17:2	i1mp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ἔλαμψεν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡς ὁ ἥλιος	1	Matthew is saying that Jesus’ **face** is like **the sun** because both shine brightly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “his face shone as brightly as the sun does”
17:2	k4co		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	λευκὰ ὡς τὸ φῶς	1	Matthew is saying that how **white** Jesus garments were is like **the light** because both are bright. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “white as the light that shines brightly”
17:3	kpdg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
17:3	d8i7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὤφθη αὐτοῖς Μωϋσῆς καὶ Ἠλείας	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they saw Moses and Elijah”
17:3	m6mj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	συνλαλοῦντες	1	Here Matthew means that **Moses and Elijah** were **talking with** Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “and the two of them were talking”
17:3	j9zp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῦ	1	The pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Jesus”
17:4	xxfg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀποκριθεὶς	1	Here, the word **answering** indicates that Peter was responding to what he saw. He was not answering a question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “in response to seeing those things”
17:4	r41c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	By **we**, Peter could mean: (1) everyone who was there, including himself, the other two disciples, Jesus, Moses, and Elijah. Alternate translation: “for us all” (2) just himself and the other two disciples. Alternate translation: “for us disciples”
17:4	wmax		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	θέλεις & σοὶ	1	Since Peter is talking to Jesus, the word **you** throughout this verse is singular.
17:4	d231		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	σκηνάς	1	The term **tents** means simple, temporary places in which to sit or sleep. Peter probably had in mind that he would build them from the materials available on the mountain such as tree branches. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to this kind of temporary shelter. Alternate translation: “booths”
17:5	w8va		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	-1	In both places, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this … picture this too” or “suddenly … suddenly”
17:5	qxz1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	νεφέλη φωτεινὴ	-1	Here, a **bright cloud** is one that is white and reflects the light from the sun very strongly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a shining cloud” or “a very white cloud”
17:5	an8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐπεσκίασεν	1	Here Matthew could be implying that: (1) the cloud enveloped or surrounded them. Alternate translation: “enveloped” or “surrounded” (2) the cloud cast a shadow on them. Alternate translation: “cast a shadow on”
17:5	wwux		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτούς	1	The pronoun **them** could refer to: (1) the three disciples, Jesus, Moses, and Elijah. Alternate translation: “them all” (2) just Jesus, Moses, and Elijah. Alternate translation: “Jesus, Moses, and Elijah”
17:5	kc8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	φωνὴ	1	Matthew is using **voice** to represent the person who is speaking, which is God the Father. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person speaking” or “God the Father spoke”
17:5	jduw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγουσα	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and it said”
17:5	cbiu			οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱός μου, ὁ ἀγαπητός ἐν ᾧ εὐδόκησα	1	See how you translated the identical sentence in [3:17](../03/17.md).
17:6	vpfp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	οἱ μαθηταὶ ἔπεσαν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these two clauses, since the second clause describes something that happened before what the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “the disciples were very afraid and fell on their face”
17:6	a87e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἔπεσαν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν	1	In Matthew’s culture, “falling” on one’s **face** refers to kneeling down and putting one’s face close to the ground. This was a position used to show respect and reverence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression for a physical position used to show respect or worship, or you could express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “bowed down” or “lay down to show respect”
17:6	wd76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	πρόσωπον αὐτῶν	1	If it would not be natural in your language to speak as if a group of people had only one **face**, you could use the plural form of that word in your translation. Alternate translation: “their faces”
17:7	iw4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	εἶπεν, ἐγέρθητε καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “said that they should get up and not be afraid”
17:7	w4a3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	ἐγέρθητε καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these two commands. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid; get up”
17:8	vebz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
17:8	aq32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐπάραντες & τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν	1	Here, the phrase **having lifted up their eyes** means that they stopped looking at the ground and looked up at what was happening around them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having looked up from the ground” or “having looked around”
17:8	i9gt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	οὐδένα εἶδον εἰ μὴ αὐτὸν Ἰησοῦν μόνον	1	If it would in appear your language that Matthew was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “they only saw Jesus himself”
17:8	nn9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	αὐτὸν Ἰησοῦν	1	Here, the word translated **myself** emphasizes **Jesus**. Consider using a natural way to emphasize **Jesus** in your language. Alternate translation: “him, that is, Jesus”
17:9	fv4g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	καταβαινόντων αὐτῶν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “going” instead of **coming**. Alternate translation: “as they were going down”
17:9	ib3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	λέγων, μηδενὶ εἴπητε τὸ ὅραμα, ἕως οὗ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “saying that they should tell the vision to no one until the Son of Man has risen from the dead”
17:9	tyu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
17:9	y9rq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man,”
17:9	mch7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
17:9	dmqo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῇ	1	Here, the phrase **risen from the dead** refers to people who had died then coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “might have been restored to life” or “might have resurrected”
17:9	qbwu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	νεκρῶν	1	Jesus is using the adjective **dead** as a noun to mean people who are dead. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the dead people” or “the corpses”
17:10	mkz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ	1	Here Matthew continues to refer to Peter, James, and John, the three disciples who went up on the mountain with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Peter, James, and John”
17:10	ir3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they asked”
17:10	eij1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	τί οὖν	1	Here, the word **then** indicates that the disciples ask this question because of what they saw on the mountain. More specifically, they ask the question because they had just seen **Elijah** and wondered why he appeared after Jesus the Messiah came and not before. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some or all of those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “Because of what we saw on the mountain, we have a question: why” or “We just saw Elijah appear after you, the Messiah, have already come. Why then”
17:10	kq1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Ἠλείαν δεῖ ἐλθεῖν	1	Here the disciples are referring to a prophecy in [Malachi 4:5–6](../mal/04/05.md). This prophecy states that God will send Elijah before the day of the Lord arrives, and he will prepare people. Elijah was a prophet who did many powerful things a long time before Malachi wrote down this prophecy. The **scribes** teach that this means that **Elijah** must come before the Messiah does. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “it is necessary for Elijah, who was a prophet long ago, to come” or “the Scriptures indicate that it is necessary for Elijah the prophet to come”
17:10	f6j1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐλθεῖν	1	Here, the word **come** refers to **Elijah** appearing in the word and doing what God called him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to appear” or “to do what he is predicted to do”
17:10	agnz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πρῶτον	1	Here the disciples imply that **Elijah** comes **first** because he comes before the Messiah does. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “first, before the Messiah comes”
17:11	cr7o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
17:11	fzy6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔρχεται	1	See how you translated “come” in [17:10](../17/10.md). Alternate translation: “appears” or “does what he is predicted to do”
17:11	ukcy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	ἔρχεται	1	Here Jesus uses the present tense to state something that is generally true: the scribes are right that Elijah has to come before the Messiah does. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever form indicates that Jesus is agreeing with the scribes about Elijah. Alternate translation: “must come” or “needs to come”
17:12	bwoe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces a contrast with what Jesus has said about how Elijah is going to come. Here, he indicates that Elijah has already come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “However,” or “Even further,”
17:12	t1hj			λέγω & ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
17:12	jd7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἦλθεν	1	See how you translated “come” in [17:10](../17/10.md). Alternate translation: “appeared” or “did what he was predicted to do”
17:12	a4h7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν & ἐποίησαν & αὐτῶν	1	The pronouns **they**, **they**, and **them** could refer to: (1) people in generally who did not recognize Elijah and who mistreated him. Alternate translation: “most people did not recognize … those people did … them” (2) the Jewish religious leaders. Alternate translation: “the religious leaders did not recognize … they did … those same leaders”
17:12	dewl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὅσα ἠθέλησαν	1	Here Jesus implies that what **they wanted** was to mistreat and harm this **Elijah**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “whatever harmful things they wanted to do” or “any evil things they wanted to do”
17:12	i74i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου μέλλει	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, am about”
17:12	wmbh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
17:13	cskj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ μαθηταὶ	1	Here Matthew continues to refer to Peter, James, and John, the three **disciples** who went up on the mountain with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Peter, James, and John”
17:13	cat7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	περὶ Ἰωάννου τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples realized that Jesus was using the name “Elijah” to refer to **John the Baptist**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when he was talking about Elijah, he was speaking to them about John the Baptist” or “he was saying that Elijah was John the Baptist”
17:14	kv4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐλθόντων	1	Here Matthew means that Jesus and the three disciples came to the crowd. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as Jesus and the disciples came”
17:14	fzl0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθόντων	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
17:14	cb5g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	γονυπετῶν αὐτὸν	1	In the Jesus’ culture, **kneeling before** someone was a way to respect a greater person, especially when asking the greater person to do a favor. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a similar action from your culture, or you could explain what **kneeling** means. Alternate translation: “prostrating himself before him” or “kneeling before him to ask a favor”
17:15	kldo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	Κύριε, ἐλέησόν μου τὸν υἱόν, ὅτι σεληνιάζεται καὶ κακῶς ἔχει, πολλάκις γὰρ πίπτει εἰς τὸ πῦρ, καὶ πολλάκις εἰς τὸ ὕδωρ	1	Here the man asks Jesus to have mercy on his son before he says why his son needs help. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include why the son needs help before the father asks for mercy. Alternate translation: “Lord, my son is epileptic and has sickness, for he often falls into the fire and often into the water. Have mercy on him!”
17:15	ufb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐλέησόν μου τὸν υἱόν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **mercy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “be merciful to my son”\n
17:15	kjd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	ἐλέησόν	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “I ask that you have mercy”
17:15	x0xj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἐλέησόν	1	Since the man is talking to Jesus, the imperative here is singular.
17:15	gzsp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	σεληνιάζεται καὶ κακῶς ἔχει	1	Here the man states the more specific type of sickness before stating that his son is sick. If it would be helpful in your language, you could reverse the order so that the general statement appears before the specific one. Alternate translation: “he has sickness and is epileptic” or “he has sickness, specifically epilepsy”
17:15	hs55		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	σεληνιάζεται	1	An **epileptic** is someone who sometimes passes out and then moves uncontrollably. If your readers would not be familiar with this sickness, you could use the name of something like this from your language, or you could use a general expression. See how you translated the similar term in [4:24](../04/24.md). Alternate translation: “he has seizures” or “he sometimes becomes unconscious and moves uncontrollably”
17:15	ij05		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κακῶς ἔχει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **sickness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is sick”
17:15	q3ro		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **for** introduces an explanation of how the son has **sickness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **for** untranslated. Alternate translation: “which means that”
17:15	ikjr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τὸ πῦρ & τὸ ὕδωρ	1	The words **fire** and **water** represent fire and water in general, not one particular fire or body of water. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “fires … rivers and lakes”
17:15	rh6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	πολλάκις εἰς	1	The man is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “he often falls into”
17:16	mkx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προσήνεγκα αὐτὸν τοῖς μαθηταῖς σου	1	Here the man implies that he **brought** his son so that Jesus’ **disciples** could heal him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I brought him to your disciples to be healed”
17:16	lv3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σου	1	The man Peter is talking to Jesus, the word **your** here is singular.
17:16	jyjl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	2	Here, the word **and** introduces what the disciples were actually able to do in contrast with what the man wanted them to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a contrast. Alternate translation: “but”
17:17	qcv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
17:17	uk64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	ὦ γενεὰ ἄπιστος καὶ διεστραμμένη, ἕως πότε μεθ’ ὑμῶν ἔσομαι? ἕως πότε ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν?	1	Jesus is speaking to something that he knows cannot hear him. He is addressing the entire **generation** of people who were living at that time, and they are not all present to hear him. He is doing this to show in a very strong way how he feels about this **generation**. He is actually speaking to the people who can hear him, the crowd that has gathered there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate Jesus’ words as if he were speaking directly to the disciples and the crowd, since they are included in the **generation** that Jesus is addressing. Alternate translation: “You who are part of this unbelieving and perverse generation, how long will I be with you? How long will I bear with you?”
17:17	f89t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὦ γενεὰ ἄπιστος καὶ διεστραμμένη	1	Here, **generation** represents the people who are part of the **generation**, which means that they are adults who are currently alive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar expression in [11:16](../11/16.md). Alternate translation: “O today’s people who are unbelieving and perverted” or “O unbelieving and perverted people of this generation”
17:17	su3r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἕως πότε μεθ’ ὑμῶν ἔσομαι? ἕως πότε ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the disciples and the crowds and to show how frustrated he is by them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “I do not want to be with you for long. I do not want to bear with you for long.” or “I want to leave you! I want to stop bearing with you!”
17:17	euli			ἕως πότε	-1	Alternate translation: “how long … How long”
17:17	moo1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀνέξομαι ὑμῶν	1	Here, the phrase **bear with** refers to being charitable or kind to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase. Alternate translation: “will I be charitable to you” or “will I act kindly with you”
17:17	fff9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτὸν	1	The pronoun **him** refers to the boy who was epileptic. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to him more directly. Alternate translation: “the boy” or “the epileptic”
17:18	xauf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῷ	1	The pronoun translated **it** could refer to: (1) the **demon** that was possessing the boy. Alternate translation: “the demon” (2) the **boy**. Alternate translation: “the boy”
17:18	t1wr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ δαιμόνιον	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus knew that a demon was causing the man’s son to be epileptic. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the demon that was causing the boy to be epileptic” or “the demon that was making him sick”
17:18	fgsy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῦ	1	The pronoun **him** refers to boy who was epileptic. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to him more directly. Alternate translation: “the epileptic” or “the boy”
17:18	i8kd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐθεραπεύθη ὁ παῖς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jesus healed the boy”
17:18	h2gc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης	1	Here, the phrase **from that hour** indicates that **boy was healed** at the time when Jesus rebuked the demon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “right then” or “at that time”
17:19	yahr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	εἶπον, διὰ τί ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἠδυνήθημεν ἐκβαλεῖν αὐτό?	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “asked why they were not able to cast the demon out.”
17:19	pz9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	By **we**, the speaker means himself and the rest of the disciples but not Jesus, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
17:19	sz7d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτό	1	The pronoun **it** refers to the demon which Jesus cast out of the boy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the demon more directly. Alternate translation: “the demon”
17:20	s43l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
17:20	itol		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	διὰ τὴν ὀλιγοπιστίαν ὑμῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Because you believe so little”
17:20	tqzh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation about how much **faith** the disciples need. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “Here is what I mean:”
17:20	kbso			ἀμὴν & λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
17:20	hpze		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως, ἐρεῖτε τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ, μετάβα ἔνθεν ἐκεῖ, καὶ μεταβήσεται, καὶ οὐδὲν ἀδυνατήσει ὑμῖν	1	Here Jesus uses an imaginary situation to show that a person with even a little bit of **faith** can do amazing things, like having a **mountain** move. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “imagine that you had faith like a mustard seed. In that case, you could even say to this mountain, ‘Move from here to there,’ and it would move, and nothing would be impossible for you”
17:20	uy78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως	1	Jesus is saying that their **faith** might be like **a mustard seed** because both would be very small. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “faith as small as a mustard seed”
17:20	el8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	κόκκον σινάπεως	1	A **mustard seed** is a very small seed that grows into a large plant. If your readers would not be familiar with this kind of seed, in your translation you could use the name of another seed like it, or you could use a general phrase. Alternate translation: “a very small seed”
17:20	kg33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ, μετάβα ἔνθεν ἐκεῖ, καὶ	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “to this mountain that you want it move from here to there, and”
17:20	o41s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ	1	Here, the phrase **this mountain** refers to the mountain from which Jesus and three of his disciples had just come down. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the mountain I was just on”
17:20	bkex		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	μετάβα	1	Here, the command is singular because someone is speaking to one mountain.
17:20	wbo1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	ἔνθεν ἐκεῖ	1	Here Jesus is not referring to specific locations. Instead, he is referring to telling the mountain to move from where it is to some other location. Use a form that refers to changing locations without specifying where those locations are. Alternate translation: “from this place to another place”
17:20	x48i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐδὲν ἀδυνατήσει	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative word **nothing** and the negative word **impossible**. Alternate translation: “everything will be possible”
17:21	m9nv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	Τοῦτο δὲ τὸ γένος οὐκ ἐκπορεύεται εἰ μὴ ἐν προσευχῇ καὶ νηστείᾳ	1	See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to include this verse in your translation. The notes below discuss translation issues in this verse, for those who decide to include it.
17:21	b765		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Τοῦτο & τὸ γένος	1	Here Jesus implies that he is speaking about a **kind** of demon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “this kind of demon”
17:21	p5yf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	οὐκ ἐκπορεύεται εἰ μὴ ἐν προσευχῇ καὶ νηστείᾳ	1	If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “only goes out by prayer and fasting”
17:22-23	jzq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	μέλλει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου & αὐτόν & ἐγερθήσεται	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, am about … me … I will be raised up”
17:22	r2cu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,”
17:22	t3da		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῶν	1	The pronoun **they** could refer to: (1) the disciples. Alternate translation: “the disciples” (2) Jesus and the disciples. Alternate translation: “Jesus and the disciples”
17:22	eu80		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	συστρεφομένων	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “gathering together”
17:22	ff8x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μέλλει ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοσθαι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “Someone is about to hand the Son of Man over”
17:22	azbb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “The Messiah”
17:22	mmk2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	εἰς χεῖρας	1	The term **hands** represents power and control. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “into the power” or “into the control”
17:22	jq32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀνθρώπων	1	Here, the word **men** refers to people who have authority and who want to get rid of Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of powerful people” or “of people who hate him”
17:23	hl6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ	1	Here, the phrase **on the third day** refers to the day after tomorrow. People in Jesus’ culture counted the current day as the first day, tomorrow as the second day, and the day after tomorrow as the third day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to the day after tomorrow. Alternate translation: “on the day after the next day” or “two days later”
17:23	b6g3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “on day three”
17:23	fni4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐγερθήσεται	1	Here, the word **raised** refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable word or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will be restored to life”
17:23	fjac		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐγερθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, Jesus could be implying that: (1) God will do it. Alternate translation: “God will raise him up” (2) Jesus himself will do it. Alternate translation: “he will raise himself up”
17:23	nv7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐλυπήθησαν σφόδρα	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was Jesus and what he said. Alternate translation: “what Jesus said grieved them very much”
17:24	jli6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
17:24	eg3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθόντων & αὐτῶν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “when they had gone”
17:24	jjns		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῶν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to Jesus and the disciples. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “the disciples and Jesus”
17:24	b953		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰ δίδραχμα	-1	Here, the phrase **the two-drachma tax** refers to a tax that people paid to help support the temple in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the two-drachma tax for supporting the temple … the two-drachma tax for supporting the temple”
17:24	cths		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	τὰ δίδραχμα	-1	A **drachma** was a silver coin equivalent to a day’s wage. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “the tax of two valuable silver coins … the tax of two valuable silver coins” or “the tax of two coins each worth a day’s wages … the tax of two coins each worth a day’s wages”
17:25	ponb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “He said”
17:25	ra0i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰσελθόντα εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν	1	Here Matthew means that Peter is the one who **entered into the house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when Peter entered into the house”
17:25	p5c5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν οἰκίαν	1	Here, the phrase **the house** refers to the place where Jesus was staying. He did not own the house, but someone was letting him live there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the house in which Jesus was living”
17:25	hlft		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προέφθασεν αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	Here Matthew means that Peter was about to ask about the tax, but Jesus asked him first. The implication is that Jesus knew that Peter was going to ask about it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus knew what he was thinking and spoke to him first” or “Jesus acted before could”
17:25	kife		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
17:25	v4bf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σοι	1	Here, the word **you** is singular because Jesus is speaking to Peter.
17:25	s8wk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **kings** who rule on **the earth**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “The kings who reign on earth”
17:25	k6z8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	τέλη ἢ κῆνσον	1	The terms **taxes** and **tolls** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “any taxes”
17:25	yp5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῶν ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων	1	Here, Jesus could be contrasting: (1) children of kings as opposed to the rest of the people over whom the kings rule. Alternate translation: “From their families or from other people” (2) citizens of the kingdom as opposed to conquered people. Alternate translation: “From their citizens or from people they have conquered”
17:26	tbif		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δέ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
17:26	di2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰπόντος	1	Here Matthew implies that Peter is the one speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when Peter said”
17:26	u6xx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῶν ἀλλοτρίων & οἱ υἱοί	1	Here, just as in [17:25](../17/25.md), the words **strangers** and **sons** could be referring to: (1) people over whom kings rule as opposed to their own children. Alternate translation: “other people … the families” (2) conquered people as opposed to citizens of the kingdom. Alternate translation: “people they have conquered … the citizens”
17:26	xrta		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄρα γε ἐλεύθεροί εἰσιν οἱ υἱοί	1	Here Jesus implies that he agrees with Peter’s answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “You are correct, and so the sons are free”
17:26	lv6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐλεύθεροί εἰσιν οἱ υἱοί	1	Here Jesus implies that he and Peter are like **sons** and so do not have to pay the tax. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the sons are free, and we are like those sons” or “the sons are free, which means that you and I also do not have to pay”
17:27	emlv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here the word **But** introduces what Jesus wants Peter to do in contrast to what he has said about how “the sons are free” (see [17:26](../17/26.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “Despite that,” or “Even though that is true,”
17:27	sz8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτούς & αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** in both places refers to the people who were collecting taxes. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the ones collecting the tax … to the ones collecting the tax” or “the tax collectors … to the tax collectors”
17:27	t3uy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	πορευθεὶς	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come”
17:27	fzkh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	βάλε & ἆρον & εὑρήσεις & δὸς & σοῦ	1	Because Jesus is speaking to Peter, the commands and the word **you** throughout this verse are singular.
17:27	uhk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	βάλε ἄγκιστρον	1	A **fishhook** is a sharp curved object that fishermen would tie to the end of a rope or line in order to catch fish. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of fishing implement, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could refer more generally to fishing. Alternate translation: “cast your line” or “go fishing”
17:27	w0ib		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν ἀναβάντα πρῶτον ἰχθὺν ἆρον	1	Here Jesus means that Peter should take the first fish that he catches with his **fishhook**. The fish would need to **come up** from further down in the water to be caught on the hook. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “take the first fish that you catch”
17:27	t9t8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	στατῆρα	1	A **shekel** was a silver coin equivalent to about four drachmas (see [17:24](../17/24.md)), that is, about four days’ wages. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead, you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “a four-drachma coin” or “a coin worth four days’ wages”
17:27	km3v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀντὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ	1	Here Jesus means that this coin will pay for both his and Peter’s two-drachma tax. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as payment for my tax and your tax”
18:intro	m4y6				0	# Matthew 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n8. Jesus teaches about life in the kingdom of God (18:1-35)\n      * The disciples ask about who is the greatest (18:1–5)\n      * Jesus teaches about stumbling blocks (18:6–9)\n      * The parable of the lost sheep (18:10–14)\n      * Jesus teaches about a sinning brother (18:15–20)\n      * The parable of the unforgiving slave (18:21–35)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The “little ones”\n\nIn [18:6](../18/06.md), [18:10](../18/10.md), and [18:14](../18/14.md), Jesus refers to people whom he calls “little ones.” In the previous paragraph, he told the disciples that they needed to be like little children if they wanted to be great in the kingdom of the heavens. Because of this, it is possible that Jesus uses the phrase “little ones” to continue to refer to children. However, it is also possible that he uses the phrase to refer to people who are like little children in some specific way. They could be like little children either because they are insignificant or unimportant or because they are immature in their faith. If possible, express the idea in such a way that all of these interpretations are possible. If you must make the idea more explicit, it is recommended that you refer to insignificant or unimportant people. That is how Jesus used the phrase in [10:42](../10/42.md).\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### Stumbling and stumbling blocks\n\nIn [18:6–9](../18/06.md), Jesus discusses “stumbling blocks” and things that cause stumbling. He uses these terms to refer to people and things that cause people to sin. See the notes on these verses for translation options.\n\n### Hyperbole\n\nIn [18:8–9](../18/08.md), Jesus commands his disciples to cut off or pluck out body parts that cause them to sin. He uses this extreme example of resisting sin in order to show his disciples how serious sin really is. He does not mean that believers should always cut off body parts when they sin. Jesus intends his commands to be shocking, however, so you should preserve the extreme language. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that indicates that Jesus’ commands are extreme language. There are very similar verses in [5:29–30](../05/29.md), so you translate as you did there.\n\n### The parable of the lost sheep\n\nIn [18:12–14](../18/12.md), Jesus tells a story about a shepherd who had 100 sheep. When one of the sheep went astray, the shepherd left the other sheep behind to find it. When he found it, he was happier about that one sheep than he was about the 99 sheep that had not gone astray. Jesus applies this story to God the Father, who does not want any person to perish. Just like the shepherd, God will rescue people who go astray and rejoice when they are rescued. Your translation should not directly explain the meaning of this parable more than Jesus does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n### The parable of the unforgiving slave\n\nIn [18:23–35](../18/23.md), Jesus tells a story about a slave who owed an enormous debt to his master, the king. When the slave begs the king to be patient with him, the king forgives the entire debt. However, the slave immediately finds another slave who owes him a small amount of money. He demands that the slave pay him immediately and does not forgive the debt. When the king finds out about this, he has the first slave jailed and tortured until he can pay the enormous debt. Jesus applies this story to believers who do not forgive fellow believers. God will punish them, just as the king punished the slave who did not have mercy on his fellow slave. Your translation should not directly explain the meaning of this parable more than Jesus does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMost of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in instructions that Jesus gives to individual disciples or in dialogues between individual people. Because of this, the majority of forms of “you” in this chapter are singular. You should assume forms of “you” are singular unless a note specifies that the form is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### Verse 11\n\nSome of the earliest manuscripts do not include anything for [18:11](../18/11.md). Some early manuscripts and many later manuscripts include the following words: “For the Son of Man came to save the one that had been lost.” Since the earliest manuscripts do not include these words, the ULT and UST include these words in brackets. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to omit these words. If it would be helpful, you could put the words in brackets or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])\n
18:1	f7zv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ	1	Here, the phrase **At that hour** introduces the next major event in the story. The phrase clarifies that this new event happened immediately after the previous event. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event that happened immediately after the previous one. Alternate translation: “Right after that,” or “Then, shortly after that,”
18:1	u4f7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
18:1	pp31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	τίς ἄρα	1	Here, the word **then** could: (1) indicate that the disciples are asking the question because of something that just happened. That could be Jesus implying that the disciples are important enough to be exempt from paying taxes, or it could be Jesus singling out Peter as an important disciple, or it could be something else that the disciples have experienced. Alternate translation: “Because of what just happened, we want to ask this: Who” (2) make the question stronger or more urgent. Alternate translation: “Who is it who” or “Tell us! Who”
18:2	nj00		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	προσκαλεσάμενος παιδίον, ἔστησεν	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “having said to a little child, ‘Come here,’ he set”
18:2	cdgb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτὸ	1	Here, the word translated **him** refers to the child without identifying whether the child was male or female. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “this child”
18:3	whzo			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
18:3	fs1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	ἐὰν μὴ στραφῆτε καὶ γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	If, in your language, it would appear that Jesus was contradicting a statement that he was about to make, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “you will only enter into the kingdom of the heavens if you turn and become like little children”
18:3	diz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμῖν & στραφῆτε & οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθητε	1	Throughout this verse, the word **you** is plural because Jesus is speaking to his disciples.
18:3	tsyb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	στραφῆτε	1	Here, Jesus is speaking of changing one’s attitude and behavior as if it were physically turning. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you change your attitude” or “you act differently”
18:3	w9c6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ γένησθε	1	Here, the word **and** introduces the goal for which the disciples should **turn**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a goal. Alternate translation: “in order to become”
18:3	ewj5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία	1	Jesus is saying that his disciples should be like **little children** because **little children** are humble. Jesus clarifies this meaning in the following verse, so if possible you should not state this explicitly here. Alternate translation: “act as little children do”\n
18:3	h9w4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ	1	The words translated **certainly not** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one strong negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “by no means”
18:4	hb1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces Jesus’ application of what he said in [18:3](../18/03.md) to what the disciples asked him about who was the greatest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of application. Alternate translation: “Here is what that means:” or “Consequently”
18:4	rw2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἑαυτὸν & οὗτός	1	Although the terms **himself** and **he** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “himself or herself … that person” or “himself or herself … he or she”
18:4	ta7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ταπεινώσει ἑαυτὸν ὡς τὸ παιδίον τοῦτο	1	Jesus is saying that people should humble themselves like **this little child** because the **little child** is humble. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “will make himself as humble as this little child is humble” or “will humble himself with the result that he is as humble as this little child”
18:4	tdk0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ παιδίον τοῦτο	1	Here, the phrase **this little child** refers back to the child whom Jesus set in their midst (see [18:2](../18/02.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “this little child who is in our midst” or “this little child whom I summoned”
18:4	gf8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ὁ μείζων	1	Jesus is using the adjective **greatest** as a noun to mean the greatest person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the greatest person”
18:5	v4a2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὃς ἐὰν δέξηται ἓν παιδίον τοιοῦτο ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου, ἐμὲ δέχεται	1	Here Jesus speaks as if people who receive **a little child like this** were actually receiving him. He means that these people, by receiving the **little child**, show that they would receive Jesus too. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whoever receives a little child like this in my name, it is as if he or she received me” or “whoever receives a little child like this in my name proves that he or she would receive me”
18:5	i9ju		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἓν παιδίον τοιοῦτο	1	Here Jesus is again referring to the **little child** whom he set in their midst (see [18:2](../18/02.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “a little child like the one standing here” or “a little child, like this one that I summoned,”
18:5	dz1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου	1	Here, the phrase **in my name** could mean that: (1) the person **receives a little child** because the person follows Jesus. Alternate translation: “because that person is acting as my disciple” (2) the person **receives the little child** because the **little child** follows Jesus. Alternate translation: “because the child is my disciple”
18:6	dxd2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σκανδαλίσῃ ἕνα τῶν μικρῶν τούτων τῶν πιστευόντων εἰς ἐμέ	1	Here, Jesus is speaking of sinning as if it were stumbling. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin”
18:6	ehqp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕνα τῶν μικρῶν τούτων τῶν πιστευόντων εἰς ἐμέ	1	The phrase **these little ones** could refer: (1) to people who are not important from a human perspective. Alternate translation: “one of these unimportant people who believe in me” (2) to children who love Jesus and who are physically **little** compared to adults. Alternate translation: “one of these children who believe in me” (3) to people whose faith is new and has not yet become mature and strong. Alternate translation: “one of these people who recently believed in me”
18:6	z9dw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	συμφέρει αὐτῷ ἵνα	1	Here Jesus implies that what he is about to describe is **better** than being punished by God for causing **one of these little ones** to sin. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “rather than being punished by God for doing that, it is better for him that”
18:6	q50w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτῷ & αὐτοῦ & καταποντισθῇ	1	Although the terms **him**, **his**, and **he** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “for that person … his or her … he or she would have been sunk”
18:6	ghp3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἵνα κρεμασθῇ μύλος ὀνικὸς περὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ, καὶ καταποντισθῇ ἐν τῷ πελάγει τῆς θαλάσσης	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “that people might hang a millstone of a donkey around his neck and make sink him into the depth of the sea”
18:6	w3uz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	μύλος ὀνικὸς	1	A **millstone** was a round stone used for grinding grain into flour. The phrase **of a donkey** indicates that this kind of **millstone** was heavy enough that it took a **donkey** to turn it. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of stone, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a very large rock” or “a very heavy object”
18:6	k8ec		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κρεμασθῇ & περὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ	1	The implication is that someone would tie the **millstone** around the person’s neck. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “would have been attached to his neck”
18:6	vs96		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τῷ πελάγει τῆς θαλάσσης	1	Here, the phrase **the depth of the sea** refers to the parts of a body of water that are deep and far away from land. If your readers would not be familiar with what this phrase describes, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “deep water” or “the parts of the sea that are far from land”
18:6	ihfv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῷ πελάγει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **depth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the deep parts”
18:7	hlmd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὐαὶ τῷ κόσμῳ & οὐαὶ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ	1	The phrases **Woe to the world** and **woe to the man** are the opposite of blessing **the world** and **the man**. The phrases indicate that bad things are going to happen to the people being addressed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “How bad it is for the world … how bad it is for the man” or “Trouble will come to the world … trouble will come to the man”
18:7	ees6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῷ κόσμῳ	1	Here, the word **world** refers primarily to the people who live in the world. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer specifically to people here. Alternate translation: “to the people living in the world” or “to people”
18:7	y7vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῶν σκανδάλων & τὰ σκάνδαλα & τὸ σκάνδαλον	1	Here, Jesus speaks of things that cause people to sin as if they were **stumbling blocks**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things that lead people to disobey … the things that lead people to disobey … the thing that leads people to disobey”
18:7	jtei		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a further explanation about **the stumbling blocks**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Here is what I mean:” or “Further,”
18:7	lfnd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ & τὸ σκάνδαλον	1	The words **man** and **stumbling block** represent men and stumbling blocks in general, not one particular man or stumbling block. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to any man … a stumbling block”
18:7	vg5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ	1	Although the term **man** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “to the person” or “to the man or woman”
18:8	znvn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next topic about which Jesus will speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
18:8	vad7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	εἰ & ἡ χείρ σου ἢ ὁ πούς σου σκανδαλίζει σε	1	Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that the disciples might experience their **hand** or **foot** causing them **to stumble**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. See how you translated the similar clauses in [5:29–30](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “consider this situation: your hand or foot causes you to stumble. If that were to happen”\n
18:8	mr24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ἡ χείρ σου ἢ ὁ πούς σου σκανδαλίζει σε	1	Here, Jesus speaks of **your hand** and **your foot** as if they were people who could cause **you to stumble**. He means that the **hand** or the **foot** is the part of the body that is involved in the stumbling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it is your hand’s or your foot’s fault that you stumble” or “you stumble with your hand or your foot”
18:8	qxou		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σου & σου & σε & σοῦ & σοί	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. If you do so, you may also need to make some other words plural.
18:8	rios		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σκανδαλίζει σε	1	Here, Jesus is speaking of sinning as if it were stumbling. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “causes you to sin”
18:8	gqi3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	ἔκκοψον αὐτὸν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ	1	Here Jesus provides the most extreme response to sinning. He does not mean that this should be the normal way to deal with sin. You should preserve the extreme language Jesus uses, but use a form that indicates that this is the most extreme example. See how you translated the similar constructions in [5:29–30](../05/29.md). Alternate translation: “if necessary you should even cut it off and throw it away from you!”
18:8	bozd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **life** were a house into which someone could **enter**. He is referring to experiencing or receiving **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to experience life” or “to receive life”
18:8	g9rh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωὴν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be able to live”
18:8	pc4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν ζωὴν	1	Here Jesus implies that this **life** is everlasting or undying life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “true life” or “everlasting life”
18:8	lhk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	βληθῆναι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “for God to throw you”
18:8	w0sr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸ πῦρ τὸ αἰώνιον	1	Here, the phrase **the eternal fire** refers to hell and describes at as a very unpleasant place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “hell, which is as hot as an eternal fire” or “hell”
18:9	nv26		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	εἰ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου σκανδαλίζει σε	1	Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that the disciples might experience their **eye** causing them **to stumble**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. See how you translated the similar clause in [18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “consider this situation: your eye causes you to stumble. If that were to happen”
18:9	xruf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου σκανδαλίζει σε	1	Here, Jesus speaks of **your eye** as if it were a person who could cause **you to stumble**. He means that the **eye** is the part of the body that is involved in the stumbling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated the similar clause in [18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “it is your eye’s fault that you stumble” or “you stumble with your eye”
18:9	l4qy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σου & σε & σοῦ & σοί	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. If you do so, you may also need to make some other words plural.
18:9	q7tw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σκανδαλίζει σε	1	Here, Jesus is speaking of sinning as if it were stumbling. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this phrase in [18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “causes you to sin”
18:9	xad4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	ἔξελε αὐτὸν καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ	1	Here Jesus provides the most extreme response to sinning. He does not mean that this should be the normal way to deal with sin. You should preserve the extreme language Jesus uses, but use a form that indicates that this is the most extreme example. See how you translated the similar construction in [18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “if necessary you should even pluck it out and throw it away from you!”
18:9	u4id		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰς τὴν ζωὴν εἰσελθεῖν	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **life** were a house into which someone could **enter**. He is referring to experiencing or receiving **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this phrase in [18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “to experience life” or “to receive life”
18:9	eii2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰς τὴν ζωὴν εἰσελθεῖν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be able to live”
18:9	m8as		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν ζωὴν	1	Here Jesus implies that this **life** is everlasting or undying life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. See how you translated the idea in [18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “true life” or “everlasting life”
18:9	r1ie		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	βληθῆναι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “for God to throw you”
18:9	swb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός	1	Here Jesus uses the name **Gehenna** to refer to hell. The valley named **Gehenna** was outside the city of Jerusalem and was a place where people threw out and burned garbage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a simile or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a place of fire like the valley of Gehenna” or “fiery hell, which is like Gehenna valley”
18:9	nfnj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὴν Γέενναν τοῦ πυρός	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **Gehenna** as a place that has much **fire**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the fiery Gehenna” or “the fires in Gehenna”
18:10	es9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὁρᾶτε μὴ καταφρονήσητε & ὑμῖν	1	The command **See** and the word **you** throughout this verse are plural because Jesus is speaking to his disciples.
18:10	qnc6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ὁρᾶτε	1	Here, the word **See** means that the disciples need to make sure that something happens or does not happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Make sure that”
18:10	e9uf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἑνὸς τῶν μικρῶν τούτων	1	See how you translated **little ones** in [18:6](../18/06.md). The phrase could refer: (1) to people who are not important from a human perspective. Alternate translation: “one of these unimportant people who believe in me” (2) to children who love Jesus and who are physically **little** compared to adults. Alternate translation: “one of these children who believe in me” (3) to people whose faith is new and has not yet become mature and strong. Alternate translation: “one of these people who recently believed in me”
18:10	qc2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the disciples should **not despise one of these little ones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Here is why:” or “Indeed,”
18:10	xoba			λέγω & ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
18:10	xdl9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτῶν	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **angels** that guard or protect the **little ones**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the angels who guard them”
18:10	y6n9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	βλέπουσι τὸ πρόσωπον τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	Here Jesus means that the angels are with God, in God’s presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are before my Father” or “are close enough to him to see my Father”
18:10	iq8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	**Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus his Son.
18:10	fwy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God the Father is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”
18:11	sq7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	Ἦλθεν γὰρ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός	1	See the discussion of textual issues at the end of the General Notes to this chapter to decide whether to include this verse in your translation. The notes below discuss translation issues in this verse, for those who decide to include it.
18:11	l99h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces another reason why the disciples should not despise little ones (see [18:10](../18/10.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “Even further,”
18:11	dkf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man,”
18:11	m55r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
18:11	o4lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Ἦλθεν	1	Here, the word **came** refers to Jesus entering this world as a human to do what God called him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “came to this world” or “began to live here”
18:11	cooq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸ ἀπολωλός	1	Here Jesus speaks of some people as if they are **lost**. He means that they are not following God and need help. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one that has been far from God” or “the one that is not following God”
18:11	oqcs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τὸ ἀπολωλός	1	The phrase **the one that had been lost** represents lost people in general, not one particular lost person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “anyone that had been lost”
18:12	idl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ?	1	Jesus is using the question form to get the attention of the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I want you to pay attention to what I am about to say.” or “Listen to this!”
18:12	ra6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμῖν	1	The word **you** is plural because Jesus is speaking to his disciples.
18:12	d3jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ἐὰν γένηταί τινι ἀνθρώπῳ ἑκατὸν πρόβατα	1	To teach the disciples, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: If a certain man has 100 sheep”
18:12	h1vu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ἐὰν γένηταί τινι ἀνθρώπῳ ἑκατὸν πρόβατα, καὶ πλανηθῇ ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν & ἀφείς	1	Here Jesus uses an imaginary situation to help explain what would happen if a person had **100 sheep**, but one of them went **astray**. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Imagine a certain man who has 100 sheep. However, one of them goes astray. Having left”
18:12	t5h4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ ἀφείς τὰ ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη, καὶ πορευθεὶς ζητεῖ τὸ πλανώμενον?	1	Jesus is using the question form to teach the disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “having left the 99 on the mountains and having gone out, he will seek the one having gone astray” or “having left the 99 on the mountains and having gone out, he will most definitely seek the one having gone astray!”
18:12	pamj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τὰ ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα	1	Jesus is using the number **99** as a noun to mean 99 sheep. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the 99 sheep”
18:12	y3gx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη	1	Here, the phrase **the mountains** refers to hilly or mountainous areas in general, not several specific mountains. If possible, use a general word for a hilly or mountainous area without indicating one particular place. Alternate translation: “in the hill country” or “in a mountainous area”
18:12	b6kf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	πορευθεὶς	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come”
18:13	etz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	ἐὰν γένηται εὑρεῖν αὐτό & χαίρει	1	Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that the man might **find** that sheep that went astray. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “were he to find it … he would rejoice”
18:13	h56u			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
18:13	cjhd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμῖν	1	The word **you** is plural because Jesus is speaking to his disciples.
18:13	p8cv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	μᾶλλον ἢ ἐπὶ	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “more than he rejoices over”
18:13	okej		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τοῖς ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα	1	Jesus is using the number **99** as a noun to mean 99 sheep. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the 99 sheep”
18:14	kcy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	οὕτως	1	Here, the phrase **In the same way** indicates that Jesus is comparing God with the man who found the lost sheep. He implies that God is like the man because they both rejoice when something that was lost is recovered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Much like that man who wanted to find his lost sheep” or “Just as that man rejoiced over the sheep that he found”
18:14	q1gf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	θέλημα ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν, τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **will**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what your Father in the heavens desires”
18:14	usa4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	θέλημα ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν	1	Here, the phrase **the will before your Father** refers to what is the **will** of the **Father**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the will of your Father” or “the will that belongs to your Father”
18:14	fmm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν, τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	This is a figurative expression. God is not the **Father** of humans in the same actual way that he is the Father of Jesus. Even so, it would probably be best to translate **Father** with the same word that your language would naturally use to refer to a human father. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that this means God. Alternate translation: “God, who is your Father in the heavens,”
18:14	eno6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμῶν	1	The word **your** is plural because Jesus is speaking to his disciples.
18:14	kyw7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God the Father is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”\n
18:14	qk7s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἓν τῶν μικρῶν τούτων	1	See how you translated **little ones** in [18:6](../18/06.md). The phrase could refer: (1) to people who are not important from a human perspective. Alternate translation: “one of these unimportant people” (2) to children who love Jesus and who are physically little compared to adults. Alternate translation: “one of these children” (3) to people whose faith is new and has not yet become mature and strong. Alternate translation: “one of these people who recently believed in me”
18:15	efvg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next topic that Jesus wishes to speak about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
18:15	kpe2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ ἀδελφός σου	1	Jesus is using the term **brother** to mean a person who shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your fellow disciple”
18:15	qtoy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σὲ & σου & σοῦ & σου & ἐκέρδησας & σου	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** and **your** are singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural forms of **you** and **your** in your translation. If you do so, you may also need to make some other words plural.
18:15	m8yv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ὁ ἀδελφός & αὐτὸν & αὐτοῦ & ἀκούσῃ & τὸν ἀδελφόν	1	Although the terms **brother**, **him**, **him**, and **brother** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “brother or sister … him or her … him or her … he or she … brother or sister”
18:15	uyk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μεταξὺ σοῦ καὶ αὐτοῦ μόνου	1	Here, the phrase **between you and him alone** means that the two people are alone, with no one else listening. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when it is just the two of you” or “when you are alone with him”
18:15	yh3t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐκέρδησας τὸν ἀδελφόν σου	1	Here, Jesus is speaking of restoring the relationship with **your brother** as if it were having **gained your brother**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have restored the relationship with your brother” or “you have made that person your brother again”
18:16	kq6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here the word **But** introduces the fact that the brother might **not listen** in contrast with the brother “listening” to the reproof (see [18:16](../18/16.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast. Alternate translation: “On the other hand,”
18:16	p53d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	μὴ ἀκούσῃ	1	Although the term **he** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “he or she does not listen”
18:16	oea6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	παράλαβε μετὰ σοῦ ἔτι, ἕνα ἢ δύο	1	Here Jesus implies that **you** will go back to the other person and “reprove” them again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some or all of those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “go back to him, and take with you yet one or two others” or “take with you yet one or two others and reprove him again”
18:16	ignt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σοῦ	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation. If you do so, you may also need to make some other words plural.
18:16	l531		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἵνα ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων ἢ τριῶν, σταθῇ πᾶν ῥῆμα	1	Here Jesus quotes from the Old Testament scriptures, specifically from [Deuteronomy 19:15](../deu/19/15.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “so that, as you can read in the Scriptures, ‘by the mouth of two or three witnesses every word might be verified’” or “so that you are doing what God required in the law, that is, that every word might be verified by the mouth of two or three witnesses”
18:16	xv1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων ἢ τριῶν, σταθῇ πᾶν ῥῆμα	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the mouth of two or three witnesses might verify every word”
18:16	i25x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	στόματος	1	Here, **mouth** represents what a person says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words” or “the testimony”
18:16	mc5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πᾶν ῥῆμα	1	Here, **word** represents what a person says using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every statement” or “everything that people claim”
18:17	g3aj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that could happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
18:17	b82g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	παρακούσῃ & καὶ & παρακούσῃ & ἔστω	1	Although the terms **he**, **he**, and **him** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “he or she refuses to listen to … he or she also refuses to listen to … let him or her be”
18:17	vsnv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῶν	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the “one or two others” whom the person who was sinned against took along to meet the person who committed the sin (see [18:16](../18/16.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the one or two others whom you took with you”
18:17	h0uc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰπὲ	1	Here Jesus implies that the person should **speak** about how he or she was sinned against and how he or she has tried to speak to the other person about it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “speak about it” or “speak about the sin and what has happened since”
18:17	s2zk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd	σοι	1	Even though Jesus is speaking to many disciples, he is addressing an individual situation, so **you** is singular throughout this verse. But if the singular form would not be natural in your language for someone who was speaking to a group of people, you could use the plural form of **you** in your translation. If you do so, you may also need to make some other words plural.
18:17	h5d5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	2	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that could happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
18:17	kx28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ἔστω σοι ὥσπερ ὁ ἐθνικὸς καὶ ὁ τελώνης	1	Jesus is saying that the person who sinned and refused to listen should be treated like **the Gentile and the tax collector** because they are all people who are not treated like members of God’s people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “let him be to you even as the Gentile and the tax collector who are not fellow believers” or “let him be to you as a non-believer, like a Gentile or tax collector”
18:17	s3wj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	ἔστω	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he should be”
18:17	v6q7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	ὁ ἐθνικὸς καὶ ὁ τελώνης	1	The words **Gentile** and **tax collector** represent Gentiles and tax collectors in general, not one particular Gentile and one particular tax collector. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the Gentiles and the tax collectors” or “any Gentile or any tax collector”
18:18	xf2w			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
18:18	cqk1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμῖν & δήσητε & λύσητε	1	The word **you** throughout this verse is plural because Jesus is speaking to his disciples.
18:18	so62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὅσα ἐὰν δήσητε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται δεδεμένα ἐν οὐρανῷ, καὶ ὅσα ἐὰν λύσητε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἔσται λελυμένα ἐν οὐρανῷ	1	See how you translated the almost identical sentence in [16:19](../16/19.md). The only differences are that the words **you** and **whatever** throughout this verse are plural, and [16:19](../16/19.md) has the phrase “in the heavens” instead of the phrase **in heaven**. Express the idea as you did in [16:19](../16/19.md), but be sure to make any adjustments needed for the plural words and the phrase **in heaven**.
18:19	n6hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	πάλιν	1	Here, the word **Again** introduces a statement that is related to what Jesus said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a similar or related statement, or you could leave **Again** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In addition,”
18:19	d9y7			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
18:19	sn05		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμῖν & ὑμῶν	1	The word **you** throughout this verse is plural because Jesus is speaking to his disciples.
18:19	cal4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐὰν δύο & ἐξ ὑμῶν	1	Here Jesus implies that he means not only **two**, but two or more people. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “if two or more of you”
18:19	bm30		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	αἰτήσωνται & αὐτοῖς	1	Since Jesus begins the sentence by referring to **two of you**, If it would be helpful in your language you could continue to refer to these people in the second person. Alternate translation: “you might ask … for you”
18:19	fqu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γενήσεται αὐτοῖς παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός μου, τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my Father in the heavens will do it for them”
18:19	gs8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	**Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus his Son.
18:19	i6zu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **in the heavens** identifies the location in which God the Father is specially present and from which he rules. If it would be helpful in your language, you make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “who is in the heavens”\n
18:20	od67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why God will do whatever two disciples agree to ask for (see [18:19](../18/19.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “Here is why:”
18:20	x3vg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δύο ἢ τρεῖς	1	Here Jesus implies that he means not only **two or three**, but two or three or more people. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “two or three or more”
18:20	sctb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	δύο ἢ τρεῖς	1	Jesus is using the numbers **two** and **three** as nouns to mean two and three believers. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “two or three believers”
18:20	a2vu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	εἰσιν & συνηγμένοι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “gather together” or “assemble together”
18:20	l7vu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	εἰς τὸ ἐμὸν ὄνομα	1	Here, **name** represents the person whose name it is. Jesus means that they **are gathered together** because of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because of me”
18:20	aea9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐκεῖ εἰμι ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν	1	Here, Jesus is speaking of being spiritually present with believers as if he were physically **in their midst**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it is as if I am there in their midst” or “there I am in their midst spiritually”
18:21	az9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	ποσάκις ἁμαρτήσει εἰς ἐμὲ ὁ ἀδελφός μου, καὶ ἀφήσω αὐτῷ	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could refer to forgiving before sinning. Alternate translation: “how often will I forgive my brother when he sins against me”
18:21	c9ym		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	ἁμαρτήσει εἰς ἐμὲ ὁ ἀδελφός μου, καὶ ἀφήσω	1	Peter is using the future form to ask a question about what he should do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea using a form that asks about an obligation or requirement. Alternate translation: “can my brother sin against me and I should forgive” or “could my brother sin against me and I ought to forgive”
18:21	e973		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ ἀδελφός μου	1	Jesus is using the term **brother** to mean a person who shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my fellow disciple”
18:21	viii		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ὁ ἀδελφός & αὐτῷ	1	Although the terms **brother** and **him** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use phrases that make this clear. Alternate translation: “brother or sister … him or her”
18:21	d3o4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἕως ἑπτάκις	1	Peter is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous question if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Will I forgive him until seven times”
18:21	lsjb			ἕως ἑπτάκις	1	Alternate translation: “Up to seven times”
18:22	pu4x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
18:22	k6qs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	οὐ λέγω σοι ἕως ἑπτάκις, ἀλλὰ ἕως ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτά	1	If your language would not naturally put the negative statement before the positive statement, you could reverse the two clauses here. Alternate translation: “I say to you up to 77 times, not up to seven times”
18:22	ursi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἕως ἑπτάκις, ἀλλὰ ἕως ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτά	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “that you should forgive your brother up to seven times, but that you should forgive him up to 77 times”
18:22	nz1c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτά	1	Here Jesus uses the large number **77** to indicate that Peter and all believers must always forgive other people. Jesus does not mean to count up to **77** and then stop forgiving other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “77 times and beyond” or “77 times, by which I mean always”
18:22	b19x			ἑβδομηκοντάκις ἑπτά	1	Here, the phrase translated as **77 times** could be indicating: (1) 70 times plus seven times. Alternate translation: “70 times plus seven times” (2) 70 times multiplied by seven times. Alternate translation: “70 times seven times”
18:23	rqp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	διὰ τοῦτο ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ	1	To teach his disciples, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: given what I just said, the kingdom of the heavens is compared to a man”
18:23	f8f2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	διὰ τοῦτο	1	Here, the phrase **For this reason** a conclusion or inference based on what Jesus has said about how his disciples should forgive others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a conclusion or inference. Alternate translation: “Because of that” or “Given all that”
18:23	qssl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the comparing, it is clear from the context that it is Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “I compare the kingdom of the heavens to” or “the kingdom of the heavens is comparable to”
18:23	bp72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	συνᾶραι λόγον	1	Here, the phrase **to take up a word together** refers to settling accounts, that is, resolving any debts or loans between people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to settle accounts”
18:24	zon0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
18:24	swd3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	συναίρειν	1	Here, the phrase **to take up together** refers to settling accounts, that is, resolving any debts or loans between people. See how you translated the similar phrase in [18:23](../18/23.md). Alternate translation: “to settle”
18:24	d6ne		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	προσηνέχθη εἷς αὐτῷ ὀφειλέτης μυρίων ταλάντων	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “they brought to him one debtor of 10,000 talents”
18:24	ta6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ὀφειλέτης μυρίων ταλάντων	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **debtor** who owes **10,000 talents**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “debtor who owed 10,000 talents”
18:24	w3nr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	μυρίων ταλάντων	1	A talent was a unit of money equivalent to about 10,000 denarii, that is, about 10,000 days’ wages for a hired worker. This was a very large, almost uncountable, amount of money. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Make sure that your translation shows that this is a very large sum of money. Alternate translation: “of a huge amount of money” or “of 100 million days’ wages”
18:25	zu6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	μὴ ἔχοντος δὲ αὐτοῦ ἀποδοῦναι, & ὁ κύριος	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the fact that the servant could not **repay** in contrast to how much he owed the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Although he had that debt, he was not able to repay, so the master”
18:25	pp91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ κύριος	1	Here Jesus refers to the king as **the master**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit that this is the same man as the one referred to as “king” in [18:23](../18/23.md). Alternate translation: “his master the king”
18:25	f7r9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἐκέλευσεν αὐτὸν & πραθῆναι, καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα, καὶ τὰ τέκνα, καὶ πάντα ὅσα εἶχεν, καὶ ἀποδοθῆναι	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “commanded, ‘Let him be sold, together with his wife and children and everything, as much as he had, and let repayment be made’”
18:25	nmz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	αὐτὸν & πραθῆναι, καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα, καὶ τὰ τέκνα, καὶ πάντα ὅσα εἶχεν, καὶ ἀποδοθῆναι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it was some of the king’s other servants. Alternate translation: “some other servants to sell him, together with his wife and children and everything, as much as he had, and to make repayment”
18:25	ylnf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	πάντα ὅσα εἶχεν	1	The expression **everything, as much as he had** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “everything that he had”
18:25	iv39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἀποδοθῆναι	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **repayment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be repaid”
18:26	f95e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **So** introduces what the servant did in response to what the king commanded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a response or reaction, or you could leave **So** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In response”
18:26	thl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	πεσὼν & ὁ δοῦλος προσεκύνει	1	In Matthew’s culture, the phrases **having falling down** and **bowing down** refer to kneeling down and putting one’s face close to the ground. This was a position used to show respect and reverence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression for a physical position used to show respect or worship, or you could express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “having thrown himself on the ground, the slave was prostrating himself before” or “having lain down, the slave was showing respect to”
18:26	exlt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
18:26	pbcc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	μακροθύμησον	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “I ask that you have patience”
18:26	ujba		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μακροθύμησον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **patience**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “be patient”
18:27	l4jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
18:27	i9ww		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	σπλαγχνισθεὶς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **compassion**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “having sympathized with the slave”
18:27	xpan		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ κύριος τοῦ δούλου ἐκείνου	1	Here Jesus again refers to the king as **the master**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit that this is the same man as the one referred to as “king” in [18:23](../18/23.md). See how you translated “master” in [18:25](../18/25.md). Alternate translation: “the slave’s master, the king,”
18:27	mer0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τὸ δάνιον ἀφῆκεν αὐτῷ	1	Here, the phrase **forgave him his debt** indicates that the king would no longer require the slave to pay **the debt**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “canceled the debt” or “told him not to pay back the debt”
18:28	yfu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
18:28	qvka		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξελθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out”
18:28	xkm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εὗρεν	1	Here Jesus could mean that the **slave**: (1) happened to meet the fellow slave. Alternate translation: “encountered” (2) intentionally looked for the fellow slave. Alternate translation: “looked for”
18:28	zyie		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	ἑκατὸν δηνάρια	1	A denarius was a silver coin equivalent to about one day’s wage for a hired worker. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. This is a much smaller amount than the 10,000 talents that the first slave owed, so make sure that is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “100 silver coins” or “just 100 days’ wages”
18:28	lcje		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κρατήσας αὐτὸν ἔπνιγεν	1	Here Jesus could be indicating that the **slave** took: (1) one action, which was seizing his fellow slave around the neck so that he **choked** him. Alternate translation: “he choked him by seizing him around the neck” (2) two actions, one of which was seizing his fellow slave and the other of which was chocking him. Alternate translation: “he seized him and was choking him”
18:28	tp33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔπνιγεν	1	Here Jesus means that the **slave** seized his fellow slave by the throat and made it hard for him to breath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he began to strangle him”
18:28	mg6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	λέγων, ἀπόδος εἴ τι ὀφείλεις	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “saying that he needed to repay whatever he owed”
18:28	t319		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
18:29	jwo8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **So** introduces what **his fellow slave** did in response to what the first slave said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a response or reaction, or you could leave So untranslated. Alternate translation: “In response”
18:29	i21c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	πεσὼν	1	In Matthew’s culture, the phrase **having falling down** refers to kneeling down and putting one’s face close to the ground. This was a position used to show respect and reverence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression for a physical position used to show respect or worship, or you could express the idea plainly. See how you translated this phrase in [18:26](../18/26.md). Alternate translation: “having thrown himself on the ground” or “lying down to show respect”
18:29	fgze		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
18:29	kk6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	μακροθύμησον	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. See how you translated the phrase in [18:26](../18/26.md). Alternate translation: “I ask that you have patience”
18:29	lvfi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μακροθύμησον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **patience**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Be patient”
18:30	kmvp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what the first slave did in contrast to what the other slave asked (see [18:29](../18/29.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use another word or phrase that introduces a contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Despite that,”
18:30	x3j6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ὁ & οὐκ ἤθελεν & ἔβαλεν αὐτὸν & ἀποδῷ	1	Here, the pronoun **he** in the phrase **he was not willing** and the pronoun **he** in the phrase **he threw** refer to the first slave. The pronoun **him** and the pronoun **he** in the phrase **he might repay** refer to his fellow slave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the first slave was not willing … he threw his fellow slave … his fellow slave might repay”
18:30	kgd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ ἤθελεν	1	Here Jesus implies that the first slave **was not willing** to be patient and wait for the other slave to pay him back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “was not willing to have patience”
18:30	j2jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἀπελθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come away”
18:30	t8wb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἔβαλεν αὐτὸν εἰς φυλακὴν	1	Here, the phrase **he threw him into prison** refers to locking someone up in prison. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he put him into prison” or “he locked him up in prison”
18:30	aal9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔβαλεν αὐτὸν	1	Here Jesus implies that the slave sent someone else to do this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he had people throw him”
18:30	yqsz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ ὀφειλόμενον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the fellow slave. Alternate translation: “what he owed”
18:31	o4rk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces what how the other **slaves** responded to what the first slave did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a response or reaction, or you could leave **Therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In response”
18:31	w9n2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἰδόντες & οἱ σύνδουλοι αὐτοῦ τὰ γενόμενα, ἐλυπήθησαν σφόδρα	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was what the first slave said and did. Alternate translation: “what had happened grieved his fellow slaves very much when they saw it”
18:31	ksv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθόντες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
18:31	nx9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ κυρίῳ ἑαυτῶν	1	Here Jesus again refers to the king as the **master**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit that this is the same man as the one referred to as “king” in [18:23](../18/23.md). See how you translated “master” in [18:25](../18/25.md). Alternate translation: “their master the king”
18:32	txr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτὸν & αὐτοῦ & αὐτῷ	1	The pronouns **him**, **his**, and **him** refer to the first slave. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to him more directly. Alternate translation: “the first slave, his … to him”
18:32	dold		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus again refers to the king as the **master**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit that this is the same man as the one referred to as “king” in [18:23](../18/23.md). See how you translated “master” in [18:25](../18/25.md). Alternate translation: “his master the king”
18:32	sljk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
18:32	u65x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	πᾶσαν τὴν ὀφειλὴν ἐκείνην ἀφῆκά σοι, ἐπεὶ παρεκάλεσάς με	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “because you begged me, I forgave you all that debt”
18:32	xsgw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	πᾶσαν τὴν ὀφειλὴν ἐκείνην ἀφῆκά σοι	1	Here, the phrase **forgave you all that debt** indicates that the king no longer required the slave to pay the debt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I canceled for you all that debt” or “I told you not to pay back all that debt”
18:32	dgfy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	παρεκάλεσάς με	1	Here the master implies that the slave **begged** him to be patient. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “you begged me to be patient”
18:33	jw37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἔδει καὶ σὲ ἐλεῆσαι τὸν σύνδουλόν σου, ὡς κἀγὼ σὲ ἠλέησα?	1	The slave’s master is using the question form to rebuke the slave. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It was necessary for you also to have had mercy on your fellow slave, just as I also had mercy on you.” or “It was most certainly necessary for you also to have had mercy on your fellow slave, just as I also had mercy on you!”
18:33	tfjy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐλεῆσαι τὸν σύνδουλόν σου & σὲ ἠλέησα	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **mercy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be merciful to your fellow slave … was merciful to you”
18:34	ugzx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus again refers to the king as the **master**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit that this is the same man as the one referred to as “king” in [18:23](../18/23.md). See how you translated “master” in [18:25](../18/25.md). Alternate translation: “his master the king”\n
18:34	kpue		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν	1	Here, the phrase **handed him over** refers to putting someone under the authority and control of other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “sent him” or “gave him”
18:34	j7s3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῖς βασανισταῖς	1	Here Jesus could be referring to: (1) prison guards whose job it was to torture certain prisoners. Alternate translation: “to the guards who tortured prisoners” (2) prison guards in general. Alternate translation: “to the jailers” or “to the prison guards”
18:34	e14m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πᾶν τὸ ὀφειλόμενον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the fellow slave. Alternate translation: “everything that he owed”
18:35	pm1d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Πατήρ μου ὁ οὐράνιος	1	**Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus his Son.
18:35	f5tw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμῖν & ἕκαστος & ὑμῶν	1	Here, the words **you**, **you**, and **your** are plural because Jesus is speaking to his disciples.
18:35	ke6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	ἐὰν	1	Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that **you** might not **forgive** your **brother**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “as long as” or “supposing that”\n
18:35	c4fw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ	1	Jesus is using the term **brother** to mean a person who shares the same faith. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his fellow disciple”
18:35	z6im		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῷ ἀδελφῷ	1	Although the term **brother** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brother or sister” to indicate this.
18:35	q8p9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	αὐτοῦ	1	Since Jesus has already referred to **each of you**, if it would be helpful in your language you could continue to refer to these people in the second person. Alternate translation: “your”
18:35	mzn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀπὸ τῶν καρδιῶν ὑμῶν	1	Here, the phrase **out of your heart** indicates that the person has done something sincerely or completely. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “wholeheartedly” or “sincerely”
19:intro	ewl5				0	# Matthew 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n9. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1-22:46)\n      * Jesus goes to Judea (19:1–2)\n      * Jesus teaches about marriage and divorce (19:3–12)\n      * Jesus blesses little children (19:13–15)\n      * Jesus talks with a young man (19:16–22)\n      * Jesus teaches about wealth, possessions, and the kingdom (19:23–30)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Divorce\n\nIn [19:3](../19/03.md), the Pharisees test Jesus by asking him about an issue that was controversial among Jewish religious leaders: divorce. More specifically, the religious leaders argued about what were acceptable grounds for a divorce. So, they ask Jesus about this. Jesus responds that divorce is never what God wants, and he quotes from Genesis 1 and 2 to prove this. In response, the Pharisees refer to [Deuteronomy 24:1–4](../deu/24/01.md), which assumes that men do divorce their wives. Jesus replies that this section of the Law exists only because the Israelites were stubborn. He means that God knew that the Israelite men would sometimes divorce their wives, so he included a law about how to do it. Jesus then states that the only acceptable ground for a divorce is sexual immorality. He further says that any divorced person who marries again is involved in adultery. Make sure that it is clear that both Jesus and the Pharisees are making arguments based on the Scriptures.\n\n### Eunuchs\n\nThe word “eunuch” refers to a man who is unable to reproduce. People in Jesus’ culture knew about two types of eunuchs:\n\n\n1. some eunuchs were men who underwent a surgery in which parts of their genitals were removed. This kept them from being able to reproduce. These eunuchs were often important servants of kings and rulers, often serving in the harem.\n2. some eunuchs were men who were born with genitals that were already unable to reproduce.\n\nIn [19:12](../19/12.md), Jesus refers to both of these kinds of eunuchs. Then he refers to “eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs because of the kingdom of the heavens.” Here he is referring to people who live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom. Consider how you might naturally refer to “eunuchs” in your language.\n\n### Rich people and the kingdom of the heavens\n\nIn Jesus’ culture, many people thought that rich people had been specifically blessed by God. When Jesus said that it was extremely difficult for rich people to enter God’s kingdom (see [19:23–24](../19/23.md)), the disciples were shocked. They thought that if it was hard for rich people to enter the kingdom, it would be impossible for everyone else. That is why they ask the question, “Who then is able to be saved?” ([19:25](../19/25.md)). If your readers might not understand why the disciples respond in this way, you may need to include a footnote that explains some of this information.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear when Jesus is speaking to the Pharisees or to his disciples. This means that Jesus frequently uses plural forms of “you.” In this chapter, you should assume that forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n
19:1	nj6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory	καὶ ἐγένετο, ὅτε ἐτέλεσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τοὺς λόγους τούτους, μετῆρεν	1	These clauses mark the end of Jesus’ teaching by stating that Jesus finished speaking to his disciples and then describing what he did next. Use a natural form in your language for expressing the conclusion of a story. Alternate translation: “At that time, Jesus finished speaking these words. Then, he departed”\n
19:1	c5j9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τοὺς λόγους τούτους	1	The disciples is using the term **words** to refer to what Jesus said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speaking these words”
19:1	b7ba		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μετῆρεν	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he and his disciples departed”
19:1	bw17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἦλθεν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went”
19:1	ixko		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου	1	Here, the phrase **beyond the Jordan** could refer to: (1) areas to the west of the Jordan River. In this case, Matthew means that Jesus traveled on the eastern side of the Jordan River and then went back across it to reach **Judea**. Alternate translation: “on the western side of the Jordan” (2) areas to the east of the Jordan River. In this case, Matthew means that some areas on the eastern side of the Jordan River could be called **Judea**. Alternate translation: “on the eastern side of the Jordan”
19:2	uqqg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αὐτοὺς	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus **healed** the people who were sick. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “those who had diseases”
19:3	o7dp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	προσῆλθον αὐτῷ & πειράζοντες αὐτὸν καὶ λέγοντες	1	Here, the word **testing** introduces the purpose for which some **Pharisees approached** Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “approached him with the goal of testing him, saying”
19:3	h7ja		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	λέγοντες, εἰ ἔξεστιν ἀνθρώπῳ ἀπολῦσαι τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ κατὰ πᾶσαν αἰτίαν	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason?’”
19:4-5	ncb6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ὁ ποιήσας ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς, ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ, ἐποίησεν αὐτοὺς & καὶ εἶπεν, ἕνεκα τούτου καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα, καὶ κολληθήσεται τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke and teach the Pharisees. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I know that you have read that the one having made them from the beginning ‘made them male and female,’ and said, ‘Because of this, a man will leave his father and mother and will be joined to his wife, and the two will be one flesh.’” or “Surely you have read that the one having made them from the beginning ‘made them male and female,’ and said, ‘Because of this, a man will leave his father and mother and will be joined to his wife, and the two will be one flesh’!”
19:4	g7sc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε	1	Here Jesus refers to reading something in the Scriptures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Have you not read in the Scriptures”
19:4	k2l0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ ποιήσας ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς	1	Here, the phrase **the one having made** refers to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the one having made them from the beginning, God,”
19:4	yjd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς	1	Here, the phrase **from the beginning** refers to when God created everything that exists. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “at the beginning of the world” or “at the beginning of creation”
19:4	h71a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς, ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ, ἐποίησεν αὐτοὺς	1	Here Jesus quotes from the Old Testament scriptures, specifically from [Genesis 1:27](../gen/01/27.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “from the beginning, in the words of the Scriptures, ‘made them male and female’”
19:5	n8zn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	καὶ εἶπεν	1	Here Jesus introduces a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Genesis (see [Genesis 2:24](../gen/02/24.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “and said, as you can read in the book of Genesis,” or “and said in the Scriptures”
19:5	xc7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἕνεκα τούτου	1	The pronoun **this** refers to what the previous verse includes about how God created people male and female (see [19:4](../19/04.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to those ideas more directly. Alternate translation: “Because God created people that way”
19:5	kwz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος	1	Here the author of the quotation implies that this happens when the **man** gets married. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “when he gets married, a man will leave”
19:5	qsh2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	καταλείψει & κολληθήσεται & ἔσονται	1	Here Jesus uses the future tense to speak about something that is generally true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense is most naturally for expressing a general truth. Alternate translation: “leaves … is joined … are”
19:5	af1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	κολληθήσεται τῇ γυναικὶ αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will join himself to his wife” or “will unite with his wife”
19:5	m83j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἔσονται οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν	1	Here the author of the quotation speaks as if **the two** are **one flesh**. He means that a husband and wife are so closely **joined** that it is as if they had one **flesh** or one body between them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use simile form or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the two will be like one flesh” or “the two will be as closely united as possible”\n
19:5	vs06		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οἱ δύο	1	Jesus is using the number **two** as a noun to refer to a husband and a wife together. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this number with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the two of them” or “the two spouses”
19:6	khz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὥστε	1	Here, the phrase **So then** introduces a conclusion or inference based on the words Jesus has just quoted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a conclusion or inference. Alternate translation: “Because of that” or “As you can see”
19:6	m4b7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οὐκέτι εἰσὶν δύο, ἀλλὰ σὰρξ μία	1	Here Jesus repeats in different form the words from the figure of speech at the end of the previous verse (see [19:5](../19/05.md)). He means that a husband and wife are so closely **joined** that it is as if they had one **flesh** or one body between them. Express the idea as you did in [19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “it is as if they are no longer two, but they are like one flesh” or “they are no longer two separate people, but are as closely united as possible”
19:6	gex5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces a conclusion or inference based on what Jesus has said about marriage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a conclusion or inference. Alternate translation: “Because of that” or “So then”
19:6	ieh6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	ἄνθρωπος μὴ χωριζέτω	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “man should not separate”
19:6	ahoc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἄνθρωπος	1	Although the term **man** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person” or “humans”
19:7	enjl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said”
19:7	w93e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	τί οὖν	1	Here, the phrase **Why then** indicates that the Pharisees are asking a question based on what Jesus has just said. This question suggests that there is evidence against what Jesus has said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of question. Alternate translation: “If you are correct, why”
19:7	tv3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τί οὖν Μωϋσῆς ἐνετείλατο δοῦναι βιβλίον ἀποστασίου καὶ ἀπολῦσαι αὐτήν	1	Here the Pharisees are referring to a specific section in the law that God gave to Moses (see [Deuteronomy 24:1–4](../deu/24/01.md)). This passage discusses divorce and remarriage, and it mentions the use of **a certificate of divorce**. The Pharisees interpreted this passage to mean that men could divorce their wives, but they had to use **a certificate of divorce**. They did not think that **Moses commanded** that men must divorce their wives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include some of this information in your translation or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “Why then has Moses commanded in the Law that a man who wants to divorce his wife must give her a certificate of divorce and then can divorce her”
19:7	xml9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	βιβλίον ἀποστασίου	1	A **certificate of divorce** is a written document that makes the divorce official. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of document, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. See how you translated this phrase in [5:31](../05/31.md). Alternate translation: “a written paper that testifies to the divorce”
19:8	j6tq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “He said”
19:8	zu87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν	1	Here, the phrase **your hardness of heart** refers to obstinacy or unwillingness to listen and obey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Because you are hardheaded” or “Because you are so stubborn”
19:8	mgx9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς	1	Here, the phrase **from the beginning** refers to when God created everything that exists. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. See how you translated this phrase in [19:4](../19/04.md). Alternate translation: “at the beginning of the world” or “at the beginning of creation”
19:9	xu7v				0	This verse is similar to [5:32](../05/32.md), although there are some significant differences. See how you translated that verse for help with this verse.
19:9	t7q2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus wishes to say about divorce in contrast to what Moses permitted (see [19:8](../19/08.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,”
19:9	ikim			λέγω & ὑμῖν	1	Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** this to emphasize what he is telling the Pharisees. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to know”
19:9	i1u0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	ὃς ἂν ἀπολύσῃ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ μὴ ἐπὶ πορνείᾳ, καὶ γαμήσῃ ἄλλην, μοιχᾶται	1	If it would appear in your language that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “the only time a man is allowed to divorce his wife is when there is sexual immorality. Otherwise, when he divorces her and marries another, he commits adultery”
19:9	eq8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	πορνείᾳ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind **immorality**, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is sexually immoral” or “sexually immoral behavior”
19:9	yl3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἄλλην	1	Jesus is using the adjective **another** as a noun to mean another woman. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “another person”
19:9	e2q2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μοιχᾶται	-1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **adultery**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “becomes an adulterer … becomes an adulterer” or “does what is adulterous … does what is adulterous”
19:9	ps45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	καὶ ὁ ἀπολελυμένην γαμήσας μοιχᾶται	1	Many ancient manuscripts include the words “and the one having married one that has been divorced commits adultery.” The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts do not include these words. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
19:9	ga4a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀπολελυμένην	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the woman’s husband. Alternate translation: “one whom her husband has divorced”
19:10	nkab		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
19:10	augz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὕτως	1	Here, the word **thus** refers to what Jesus has said about divorce and remarriage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what you have described” or “what you have commanded”
19:10	ys0h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἡ αἰτία τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μετὰ τῆς γυναικός	1	Here, the word **reason** could refer to: (1) the basis on which a **man** can divorce **his wife**. Alternate translation: “the only reason for a man to divorce his wife” (2) the accusation against a **man** who divorces **his wife**. Alternate translation: “the charge against a man who divorces his wife” (3) the situation or relationship between a **man** and **his wife**. Alternate translation: “the situation of a man with his wife”
19:10	f527		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τοῦ ἀνθρώπου μετὰ τῆς γυναικός	1	The words **the man** and **his wife** represents men and their wives in general, not one particular man and his wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “of any man with his wife”
19:11	o403		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
19:11	p6v9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πάντες	1	Jesus is using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean all people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “all people”
19:11	xrdj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν λόγον τοῦτον	1	Here, the phrase **this word** could refer to: (1) what the disciples just said. Alternate translation: “the word you have just said” (2) what Jesus previously said about divorce and remarriage. Alternate translation: “the word I have taught” or “this word about divorce”
19:11	tilc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον τοῦτον	1	Jesus is using the term **word** to refer to what someone said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Make sure your translation fits with the option you chose in the previous note. Alternate translation: “what has just been said” or “what you spoke”
19:11	hzw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀλλ’ οἷς δέδοται	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but those to whom it has been given receive it”
19:11	h3a3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δέδοται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “God has given it”
19:12	vy4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation of what Jesus said about how only some people can “receive” what the disciples said (see [19:11](../19/11.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “More specifically,” or “Indeed,”
19:12	juc2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οἵτινες ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς ἐγεννήθησαν οὕτως	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whose mothers gave birth to them thus”
19:12	pxsj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς	1	Here, the phrase **from their mother’s womb** indicates that these people were **eunuchs** already when they **were born**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from their birth” or “from the beginning of their lives”
19:12	m1r9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οἵτινες εὐνουχίσθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom men made eunuchs”
19:12	z7t4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “humans”
19:12	g4bw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες εὐνούχισαν ἑαυτοὺς	1	Here Jesus speaks as if people physically **made themselves eunuchs** in order to describe people who live like eunuchs, that is, they do not marry or have children. Since this is an important metaphor in the context, if possible preserve the metaphor or express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “people like eunuchs who made themselves that way” or “people who made themselves like eunuchs”
19:12	p6c9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διὰ	1	Here, the phrase **because of** could mean that: (1) they are making themselves eunuchs in order to act for or in service of **the kingdom of the heavens**. Alternate translation: “for the sake of” or “in order to work for” (2) they are making themselves eunuchs in order to enter **the kingdom of the heavens**. Alternate translation: “to participate in” or “in order to enter”
19:12	r78n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative3p	ὁ δυνάμενος χωρεῖν, χωρείτω	1	If your language does not use the third-person imperative in this way, you could state this in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The one being to accept this must accept it”
19:12	n3ar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	χωρείτω	1	Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “let that person accept it”
19:13	wjb5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	τότε	1	Here, the word **Then** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Then** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Sometime later,”
19:13	wu52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	προσηνέχθησαν & παιδία	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “they brought little children to”
19:13	a3wy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	τὰς χεῖρας ἐπιθῇ αὐτοῖς	1	In Matthew’s culture, when Jesus **would lay his hands** on the little children, that would express God’s love for them and convey God’s blessing to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a similar action from your culture, or you could explain what laying **his hands on them** means. Alternate translation: “he would stretch out his hands toward them” or “he would lay his hands on them to bless them”
19:13	hjw4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προσεύξηται	1	Here the people who brought the little children want Jesus to **pray** that God would bless the children. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “would pray for God to bless them”
19:13	dm6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	2	The pronoun **them** refers to the people who were bringing the little children. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the people who were bringing the little children”
19:14	l7op		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what Jesus said in contrast to what the disciples were doing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,”
19:14	kifm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἄφετε τὰ παιδία καὶ μὴ κωλύετε αὐτὰ ἐλθεῖν πρός με	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could combine the two clauses. Alternate translation: “Permit the little children; yes, do not forbid them to come to me” or “Permit the little children to come to me”\n
19:14	m219		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθεῖν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “to go”
19:14	l1bq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the little children should be permitted to come to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “because” or “which I command because”
19:14	ukdv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τῶν & τοιούτων ἐστὶν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe people who belong in **the kingdom of the heavens**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. See how you translated the similar construction in [5:3](../05/03.md). Alternate translation: “the kingdom of the heavens belongs to the ones such as these” or “the ones such as these belong in the kingdom of the heavens”
19:14	wf1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τῶν & τοιούτων	1	The pronoun **these** refers to the little children. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to the little children more directly. Alternate translation: “of the ones such as these little children”
19:14	iizn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	τῶν & τοιούτων	1	Jesus is referring to **the little children** and to people who are like them. He does not indicate exactly how these people are like **the little children**, so if possible express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “of people who are like these”
19:15	tbgb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἐπιθεὶς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῖς	1	In Matthew’s culture, when Jesus **laid his hands** on the little children, that expressed God’s love for them and conveyed God’s blessing to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a similar action from your culture, or you could explain what **having laid his hands on them** means. See how you translated the similar phrase in [19:13](../19/13.md). Alternate translation: “having stretched out his hands toward them” or “having laid his hands on them to bless them”
19:15	iod4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκεῖθεν	1	Here, the word **there** refers to the place where Jesus **laid his hands** on the little children. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “from where he did that”
19:16	deyq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “picture this” or “suddenly”
19:16	w4nf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	εἷς	1	Matthew is using the number **one** as a noun to mean one person. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this one with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “one man”
19:16	uxhv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	σχῶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I might live eternally”
19:17	ffgl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
19:17	nt0a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ὁ & εἶπεν αὐτῷ	1	The pronoun **he** refers to Jesus, and the pronoun **him** refers to the man who asked Jesus the question. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “Jesus said to the man”
19:17	sce3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί με ἐρωτᾷς περὶ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the man. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Do not ask me about what is good.” or “You should not ask me about what is good!”
19:17	pxak		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἐρωτᾷς & θέλεις & τήρησον	1	Throughout this verse, the word **you** and the command are singular because Jesus is speaking to the young man.
19:17	d4sh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἷς ἐστιν ὁ ἀγαθός	1	When Jesus says **One is good**, he is referring to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “One is good, that is, God” or “God alone is good”
19:17	o0ke		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	2	Here, the word **But** indicates that Jesus is about to stop analyzing what the man said and will go on to answer the man’s question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that signals this kind of transition, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “but about what you asked,” or “but as for your question,”
19:17	pkif		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact	εἰ	1	Jesus speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but he means that it is true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Jesus is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “because”
19:17	j9z6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰς τὴν ζωὴν εἰσελθεῖν	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **life** were a house into which someone could **enter**. He is referring to experiencing or receiving **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to experience life” or “to receive life”
19:17	d7fd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	εἰς τὴν ζωὴν εἰσελθεῖν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to be able to live”
19:18-19	c3dl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	τὸ οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ κλέψεις, οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις, & τίμα τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα, καὶ, ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν	1	Here Jesus quotes commands from the law that God gave to Moses. The first five commands come from either [Exodus 20:12–16](../exo/20/12.md) or [Deuteronomy 5:16–20](../deu/05/16.md). The last command comes from [Leviticus 19:18](../lev/19/18.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could format these words in a different way and include this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “These are the ones: ‘Do not kill, do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not testify falsely, honor your father and your mother, and love your neighbor as yourself’”
19:18	esoj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	λέγει αὐτῷ	1	The pronoun **He** refers to the man, and the pronoun **him** refers to Jesus. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “The man says to Jesus”
19:18	a5yi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “He said”
19:18	ogqw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ κλέψεις, οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις	1	Since in these commands God is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the commands are singular.
19:18	zl5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	οὐ μοιχεύσεις	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **adultery**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “do not be an adulterer or adulteress” or “do not do what is adulterous”
19:19	szjo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	τίμα τὸν & τὴν & ἀγαπήσεις & σου	1	Since in these commands God is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the word **your** and the commands are singular throughout this verse.
19:19	ggpw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ὡς σεαυτόν	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “as you love yourself”
19:19	d5vx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὡς σεαυτόν	1	Jesus assumes that people love themselves, so he wants these people to love their neighbors just as much. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “as deeply as yourself”
19:20	oqol		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
19:20	fxyq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τί ἔτι ὑστερῶ	1	Here, the man is asking about what he lacks in order to gain what he wants, which is eternal life (see [19:16](../19/16.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “What do I still lack before receiving eternal life”
19:21	e4vs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact	εἰ	1	Jesus speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but he means that he knows it is true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Jesus is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Because”
19:21	gunb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	θέλεις & ὕπαγε πώλησόν σου & δὸς & ἕξεις & δεῦρο, ἀκολούθει	1	Throughout this verse, the word **you**, the word **your**, and the commands are singular because Jesus is speaking to the young man.
19:21	zic9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πτωχοῖς	1	Jesus is using the adjective **poor** as a noun to mean poor people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to people who are poor”
19:21	hsmw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	2	Here, the word **and** introduces the result that will follow if the man does sell his possessions and **give to the poor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “and as a result”
19:21	ndjb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	δεῦρο, ἀκολούθει μοι	1	Here, the phrase **come, follow me** is a command to travel with Jesus and be his disciple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “be my disciple” or “come with me as my student”\n
19:22	ufnr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
19:22	ql5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον	1	Here, **word** represents what Jesus just said using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Jesus’ statement” or “the words that Jesus said”
19:22	gi9w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	λυπούμενος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “being very sorrowful”
19:22	c8l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the young man was **being grieved**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “because” or “since”
19:22	aqqo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἦν & ἔχων κτήματα πολλά	1	Here Matthew implies that the young man did not want to sell these possessions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he was having many possessions that he did not want to sell”
19:23	a7z6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
19:23	sy5z			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
19:23	ean2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	εἰσελεύσεται	1	Here Jesus uses the future tense to speak about something that is generally true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use whatever tense is most naturally for expressing a general truth. Alternate translation: “enters”
19:24	uect		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	πάλιν δὲ	1	Here, the phrase **And again** introduces a restatement of what Jesus said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a restatement, or you could leave **And again** untranslated. Alternate translation: “To repeat:” or “Indeed”
19:24	ss0g			λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
19:24	c8l5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	εὐκοπώτερόν ἐστιν κάμηλον διὰ τρήματος ῥαφίδος διελθεῖν ἢ πλούσιον εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ	1	Here Jesus compares **a rich {person}** entering **the kingdom of the heavens** with something that is impossible: **a camel** passing through **an eye of a needle**. Jesus does this to emphasize how hard it is for **a rich {person} to enter into the kingdom of God**. As [19:26](../19/26.md) shows, Jesus does not think that this is completely impossible, however. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea here in such a way that it does not sound as if it is totally impossible for **a rich {person} to enter into the kingdom of God**. Alternate translation: “consider how difficult it is for a camel to pass through an eye of a needle. That illustrates how difficult it is for a rich person to enter into the kingdom of God”
19:24	dip3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τρήματος ῥαφίδος	1	The phrase **an eye of a needle** refers to the small hole at the end of a sewing needle through which the thread passes. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of tool or the hole in it, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term for a small opening. Alternate translation: “the small hole at the end of a needle” or “a very small hole”
19:25	s2cp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
19:25	oo3o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀκούσαντες & οἱ μαθηταὶ ἐξεπλήσσοντο σφόδρα λέγοντες	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was what Jesus said. Alternate translation: “what the disciples heard astonished them greatly, and they said”
19:25	e9ci		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
19:25	ejs9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίς ἄρα δύναται σωθῆναι?	1	The disciples are using the question form to express their astonishment. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It seems then that no one is able to be saved.” or “No one then is able to be saved!”
19:25	x1at		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τίς ἄρα δύναται σωθῆναι?	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be God. Alternate translation: “Who then can receive salvation” or “Whom then will God save”
19:25	kvrw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	τίς ἄρα	1	Here, the word **then** indicates that the disciples ask this question in response to what Jesus just said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “If that is true, who” or “Given that, who”\n
19:26	s7ps		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
19:26	nbaa			παρὰ ἀνθρώποις & παρὰ & Θεῷ	1	Alternate translation: “For men … for God”
19:26	zsp6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἀνθρώποις	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “humans”
19:26	flun		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τοῦτο	1	The pronoun **this** refers to being able to be saved (see [19:25](../19/25.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to that idea more directly. Alternate translation: “being saved”
19:27	ui8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** is intended to draw the attention of Jesus and to ask him to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express behold with a word or phrase that asks someone to listen or pay attention. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Excuse me”
19:27	yp3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς & ἡμῖν	1	By **we** and **us**, Peter means himself and the disciples but not Jesus, so use the exclusive forms of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
19:27	pdse		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἠκολουθήσαμέν σοι	1	Here, the phrase **followed you** indicates that the disciples traveled with Jesus and were his disciple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “become your disciples” or “traveled with you as your students”
19:27	zpd3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σοι	1	Here, the word **you** is singular because Peter is speaking to Jesus.
19:27	em4o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τί ἄρα ἔσται ἡμῖν	1	Here Peter is asking what he and his fellow disciples will receive because they **left everything**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “What then will we receive” or “What reward then will there be for us”
19:27	ho5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	τί ἄρα	1	Here, the word **then** indicates that Peter is asking this question in response to what he just said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Since we did that, what” or “Given what we did, what”
19:28	ww4m			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
19:28	j89c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσίᾳ	1	Here, the phrase **in the renewal** refers to the time when God will renew or recreate everything that he has made. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “at the time when things are recreated,” or “when God makes everything new,”
19:28	gey2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	καθίσῃ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ & αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, sit on my”
19:28	xuam		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
19:28	sx2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	καθίσῃ & ἐπὶ θρόνου δόξης αὐτοῦ	1	When someone **sits** on a **throne**, it indicates that this person is ruling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the meaning of this action. Alternate translation: “sits on his glorious throne as king” or “rules from his glorious throne”
19:28	l4t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	θρόνου δόξης αὐτοῦ	1	Here, Jesus could using the possessive form to describe a **throne** that: (1) belongs to **the Son of Man** and that is characterized by **glory**. Alternate translation: “his throne that is glorious” (2) shows or illustrates the **glory** that **the Son of Man** has. Alternate translation: “the throne that displays his glory”
19:28	qxd6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οἱ ἀκολουθήσαντές μοι	1	Here, the phrase **followed με** indicates that the disciples traveled with Jesus and were his disciple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ones having become my disciples” or “the ones having traveled with me as my students”\n
19:28	rx2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	καθήσεσθε & ἐπὶ δώδεκα θρόνους	1	When someone **sits** on a **throne**, it indicates that this person is ruling. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the meaning of this action. See how you translated the similar phrase earlier in the verse. Alternate translation: “will sit on 12 thrones as kings” or “will rule from 12 thrones”
19:28	iz0s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κρίνοντες	1	Here, the word **judging** could mean that the disciples are acting: (1) as judges. Alternate translation: “acting as judges for” (2) as rulers. Alternate translation: “ruling” or “acting as rulers for”
19:29	gq8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἕνεκεν τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὀνόματός	1	Here, **name** represents the person whose name it is. Jesus means that they have **left** all these things because of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for my sake”
19:29	nucq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	ἑκατονταπλασίονα	1	Here Jesus is using a round number (**100**) indicates a large number of **times**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an expression for a large number or state more explicitly that **100** is a round number. Alternate translation: “very many times as much” or “something like 100 times as much”
19:29	z8wb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσει	1	Here the author speaks as if these people were children who would receive property from a relative. He speaks in this way to indicate that these people will receive **eternal life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive eternal life” or “will be given eternal life”
19:29	do2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of life, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “will be able to live eternally”
19:30	j7pf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that Jesus wants to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next thing, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Yes,” or “Indeed,”
19:30	gyde		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πολλοὶ & ἔσονται πρῶτοι ἔσχατοι, καὶ ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι	1	Here, Jesus is speaking of important or respected people as if they were **first** and of unimportant or non-respected people as if they were **last**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “many respected will be non-respected, and non-respected, respected” or “many significant will be insignificant, and insignificant, significant”
19:30	u8p3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πρῶτοι & καὶ ἔσχατοι	1	Jesus is using the adjectives **first** and **last** as nouns to mean first and last people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “first people … and last people” or “people who are first … and people who are last”
19:30	hnm1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and many last will be first”
20:intro	z39h				0	# Matthew 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n9. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1-22:46)\n      * The parable of the denarius wage (20:1–16)\n      * Jesus predicts his death and resurrection (20:17–19)\n      * Jesus and the disciples speak about who will be great (20:20–28)\n      * Jesus heals two blind men (20:29–34)\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Hiring people to work in a vineyard\n\nIn [20:1–7](../20/01.md), Jesus speaks about a master of a house hiring people to work in his vineyard. These people were day laborers who would wait in the marketplace for someone to offer them a job. Then, they would agree with the person hiring them on how much money they would make before starting the job. If this is not a practice that your readers would be familiar with, make sure that what is happening is clear to your readers.\n\n### Sitting at Jesus’ right and left hand\n\nIn [20:21](../20/21.md) and [20:23](../20/23.md), Jesus and the mother of the sons of Zebedee refer to sitting at Jesus’ right hand and at his left hand. They are referring to the places of honor at the right and left side of a king or ruler. The people who sit in these places have authority and are respected the most after the king or ruler. Make sure that this meaning is clear in your translation. See the notes on these two verses for translation options.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The parable of the denarius wage\n\nIn [20:1-15](./01.md), Jesus tells a story about a master of a house who hires people throughout the day to work in his vineyard. He agrees with the first people he hires to pay them a denarius each. However, when he pays everyone at the end of the day, he pays each worker a denarius, even those who only worked for one hour. When the workers who were hired first complain about this, he points out that he can do what he wants with his own money, and they agreed to work for one denarius each. Jesus uses this story to illustrate the point he makes before ([19:30](../19/30.md)) and after ([20:16](../20/16.md)) the story: people who are first will be last, and people who are last will be first. What Jesus means is that the rewards and blessings people receive do not always match what people expect, and God can do whatever he wants with the blessings and rewards he gives. While you should not explain the meaning more than Jesus does, make sure that your translation fits with what Jesus is illustrating. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n### Drinking the cup\n\nIn [20:22–23](../20/22.md), Jesus refers to a “cup” from which he is going to drink. He is referring to a figure of speech in the Old Testament that refers to experiencing suffering and pain (for example, see [Psalm 75:8](../psa/75/08.md) and [Isaiah 51:17](../isa/51/17.md)). He means that he will experience suffering, and his disciples must be ready to experience it as well. Since this figure of speech is from the Old Testament, if possible you should preserve it or express the idea in simile form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in instructions that Jesus gives to his disciples or in speeches that the master of the house gives in the parable. Because of this, many of the forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
20:1	q9qc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ὁμοία γάρ ἐστιν ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ	1	To teach the disciples, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this story: the kingdom of the heavens is like a man”
20:1	jybx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γάρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation of what Jesus said about how the first will be last and the last first ([19:30](../19/30.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Here is what I mean:” or “Let me explain:”
20:1	udmx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξῆλθεν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “came out”
20:1	dzid		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἅμα πρωῒ	1	Here, the phrase **with the morning** means that the **master of the house** left as soon as it was morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as soon as the sun rose” or “as soon as it was morning”
20:2	kkv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
20:2	rsbo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	συμφωνήσας & μετὰ τῶν ἐργατῶν ἐκ δηναρίου τὴν ἡμέραν	1	Here Jesus implies that the master of the house found some **workers**, told them what he wanted them to do, and then **agreed** with them on how much he would pay them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some of that information more explicit. Alternate translation: “having located some workers and having agreed to pay them a denarius for the day”
20:2	iwk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	δηναρίου	1	A **denarius** was a silver coin equivalent to about one day’s wage for a hired worker. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “one silver coin” or “an average wage”
20:3	jpwu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξελθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out”
20:3	s8ha		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	περὶ τρίτην ὥραν	1	In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. So, the **third hour** would be around nine o’clock in the morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. Alternate translation: “about 9:00 AM”
20:3	bki1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	τρίτην ὥραν	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “hour three”
20:3	gj3r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἑστῶτας ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἀργούς	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would wait **in the marketplace** when they wanted to find work. If they had not yet found work, they would be **standing idle**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “standing in the marketplace still looking for work”
20:3	q3b7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῇ ἀγορᾷ	1	A **marketplace** is a large, open-air area where people buy and sell goods. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of area, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. See how you translated this word in [11:16](../11/16.md). Alternate translation: “the town square” or “the park”
20:4	tchs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπεν, ὑπάγετε καὶ ὑμεῖς εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα, καὶ ὃ ἐὰν ᾖ δίκαιον, δώσω ὑμῖν	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he said that they too should go into the vineyard and that he would give them whatever is right.”
20:4	lzmj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὑπάγετε & εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα	1	Here the master of the house implies that he wants these people to work in **the vineyard** along with the other people he already hired. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “go into the vineyard and work there”
20:5	j3zh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ & ἀπῆλθον	1	Here Jesus implies that the people **went** to the vineyard and began to work there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they went to the vineyard and worked there”
20:5	iebk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἀπῆλθον	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “came out”
20:5	iyzf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξελθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “Having come out”
20:5	pip4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	περὶ ἕκτην καὶ ἐνάτην ὥραν	1	In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. So, the **sixth hour** would be around noon, and the **ninth hour** would be around three o’clock in the afternoon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. See how you translated the similar time reference in [20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “about 12:00 PM and 3:00 PM”
20:5	lv4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	ἕκτην καὶ ἐνάτην ὥραν	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “hours six and nine”
20:5	rfzx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐποίησεν ὡσαύτως	1	Here Jesus means that the master of the house did and said the same things that he said and did at “the third hour” (see [20:3–4](../20/03–4.md)). He also implies that there were people in the marketplace who agreed to work in his vineyard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make some or all of that information more explicit. Alternate translation: “he told even more people that he would pay them whatever was right, and they too agreed to work in his vineyard”
20:6	rfz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
20:6	qvkv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξελθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out”
20:6	htkf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	περὶ & τὴν ἑνδεκάτην	1	In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. So, **the eleventh {hour}** would be around five o’clock in the afternoon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. See how you translated the similar time reference in [20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “about 5:00 PM”
20:6	bzdg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	τὴν ἑνδεκάτην	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “hour eleven”
20:6	twdt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄλλους ἑστῶτας & ὧδε ἑστήκατε & ἀργοί	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would wait in the marketplace when they wanted to find work. If they had not yet found work, they would be **standing idle**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “others still looking for work … have you been standing here looking for work”
20:6	y4cz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
20:6	r3cf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγει αὐτοῖς, τί ὧδε ἑστήκατε ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν ἀργοί	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he asks them why they had stood there idle the whole day.”
20:7	s9i4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν & λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said … He said”
20:7	yhgt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	αὐτῷ, ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἡμᾶς ἐμισθώσατο λέγει αὐτοῖς, ὑπάγετε καὶ ὑμεῖς εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within a quotation. Alternate translation: “to him that it was because no one hired them. He says to them that they too should go into the vineyard.”
20:7	me25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὑπάγετε & εἰς τὸν ἀμπελῶνα	1	Here the master of the house implies that he wants these people to work in **the vineyard** along with the other people he already hired. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “go into the vineyard and work there”\n
20:8	bgde		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος	1	Here, **the owner of the vineyard** is the same person whom Jesus previously called “the master of the house” (see [20:1](../20/01.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit that this is the same person. Alternate translation: “the master of the house, who owned the vineyard,” or “the master of the house, who was in charge of the vineyard,”
20:8	niz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
20:8	wq8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ ἐπιτρόπῳ αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the word **manager** is referring to a worker who supervised or managed the other workers. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to his manager, who was in charge of the workers”
20:8	ikgj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	κάλεσον & ἀπόδος	1	Because the master of the house is speaking to his **manager**, the commands throughout this verse are singular.
20:8	x6iv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἕως τῶν πρώτων	1	Here the owner of the vineyard means that he wants his manager to pay the workers in the reverse order in which they were hired. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “beginning with the last and ending with the first” or “beginning from the last and going backwards to the first”
20:8	z3jz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῶν ἐσχάτων & τῶν πρώτων	1	The owner of the vineyard is using the adjectives **first** and **last** as nouns to mean the workers who were hired **last** and the workers who were hired **first**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “the last workers … the first workers” or “the workers hired last … the workers hired first”
20:9	oy9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθόντες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
20:9	znkj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οἱ περὶ τὴν ἑνδεκάτην ὥραν	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones who were hired at about the eleventh hour”
20:9	o4xb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	περὶ τὴν ἑνδεκάτην ὥραν	1	See how you translated the phrase **the eleventh hour** in [20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “about 5:00 PM”
20:9	af8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	τὴν ἑνδεκάτην ὥραν	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “hour eleven”
20:9	gpkg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	δηνάριον	1	See how you translated the word **denarius** in [20:2](../20/02.md). Alternate translation: “one silver coin” or “an average wage”
20:10	akoq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθόντες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone”
20:10	rhds		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οἱ πρῶτοι	1	Jesus is using the adjective **first** as a noun to mean the workers who were hired first. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the ones who were hired first”
20:10	pvu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἐνόμισαν ὅτι πλεῖον λήμψονται, καὶ	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “thought, ‘We will receive more.’ But”
20:10	o0nv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πλεῖον	1	Here Jesus implies that **the first** workers thought that they would receive **more** than one denarius, since that is what the workers who started at the end of the day received. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “more than one denarius” or “more than the workers who started latest received”
20:10	vaqs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	δηνάριον	1	See how you translated the word **denarius** in [20:2](../20/02.md). Alternate translation: “one silver coin” or “an average wage”
20:11	jpxd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
20:12	z05n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγοντες, οὗτοι οἱ ἔσχατοι μίαν ὥραν ἐποίησαν, καὶ ἴσους ἡμῖν αὐτοὺς ἐποίησας, τοῖς βαστάσασι τὸ βάρος τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ τὸν καύσωνα	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that the last ones had done one hour, but the master of the house made them equal to themselves, the ones having borne the burden of the day and the scorching heat.”
20:12	a2n3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
20:12	pglj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὗτοι οἱ ἔσχατοι	1	Here the workers are referring to the other workers who were hired **last**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “These ones who were hired last”
20:12	ewrj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἐποίησας	1	Because the workers are speaking to the master of the house, the word **you** is singular.
20:12	fiap		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῖν	1	By **us**, the workers mean themselves who were hired first but not any of the other workers, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
20:12	vy87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῖς βαστάσασι τὸ βάρος τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ τὸν καύσωνα	1	Here, the workers are speaking of their hard work as if it were **burden** that they had **borne**. They also speak as if the **scorching heat** were also an object that they had **borne**. They mean that they had to work hard and experience the hot sun during the middle of the day. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “ones having worked hard the whole day and having experienced the scorching heat”
20:12	tpss		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸ βάρος τῆς ἡμέρας	1	Here, the workers are using the possessive form to describe a **burden** that they had to bear during **the day**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another. Alternate translation: “the burden during the day”
20:13	z5rr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what the master of the house said in contrast with what the workers were saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In response,” or “In contrast,”
20:13	b3fs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἑνὶ αὐτῶν εἶπεν, ἑταῖρε, οὐκ ἀδικῶ σε. οὐχὶ δηναρίου συνεφώνησάς μοι?	1	Alternate translation: “called one of them friend and said to him that he was not wronging him and that he agreed with him for a denarius.”
20:13	y6zz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σε. οὐχὶ & συνεφώνησάς	1	Because the master of the house is speaking to one of the workers, the word **you** throughout this verse is singular.
20:13	qbu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ δηναρίου συνεφώνησάς μοι	1	The master of the house is using the question form to remind the worker what he agreed to do. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You remember that you agreed with me for a denarius” or “You certainly agreed with me for a denarius!”
20:13	x7rr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δηναρίου & μοι	1	Here the master of the house implies that the worker **agreed** to work **for a denarius**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “me to work for a denarius”
20:14	scu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἆρον τὸ σὸν & ὕπαγε & σοί	1	Because the master of the house is speaking to one of the workers, the commands and the words **yours** and **you** throughout this verse are singular.
20:14	nedg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what the master of the house is going to do in contrast to what the worker wishes he would do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Despite what you want,”
20:14	hv8v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τούτῳ τῷ ἐσχάτῳ	1	The master of the house is using the adjective **last** as a noun to mean workers who were hired last. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “to this worker who was hired last”
20:14	h8w3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τούτῳ τῷ ἐσχάτῳ	1	The phrase **this last** represents the **last** ones in general, not one particular last one. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to these last”
20:14	rt0p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ὡς καὶ σοί	1	The master of the house is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “as I give also to you”
20:15	m2o9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἢ	1	Here, the word **Or** introduces a contrasting alternative to what the master of the house has said about what he wants to do. He then uses the question form to show that this alternate is wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a false alternative, or you could leave **Or** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Indeed,” or “As a matter of fact,”
20:15	h3uh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἢ οὐκ ἔξεστίν μοι, ὃ θέλω ποιῆσαι ἐν τοῖς ἐμοῖς?	1	The master of the house is using the question form to remind the worker that can do what he wants with his own things. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Remember that it is lawful for me to do what I desire with what is mine.” or “It is certainly lawful for me to do what I desire with what is mine!”
20:15	thk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	ἢ	2	Here, the word **Or** introduces a second question that again shows that the worker should not complain about how the master of the house is behaving. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a similar idea, or you could leave **Or** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Again,” or “Even further,”
20:15	dus3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἢ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρός ἐστιν, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἀγαθός εἰμι?	1	The master of the house is using the question form to rebuke the worker. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your eye should not be evil because I am good.” or “Do not let your eye be evil because I am good!”
20:15	uc7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρός ἐστιν	1	Here, when the master of the house speaks of a person’s **eye** as **evil**, he means that the person is jealous or envious. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do you feel jealousy” or “are you envious”
20:15	pesw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σου	1	Because the master of the house is speaking to one of the workers, the word **your** is singular.
20:16	tg2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὕτως	1	Here, the phrase **In the same way** introduces how Jesus applies the story he just told. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Just as in that story” or “Here is what that story means:”
20:16	k5fe			ἔσονται οἱ ἔσχατοι πρῶτοι, καὶ οἱ πρῶτοι ἔσχατοι	1	See how you translated the similar sentence in [19:30](../19/30.md). This sentence switches the order and does not include the word “many,” so make sure you include those differences.
20:16	bhr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	ἔσχατοι	2	Some ancient manuscripts do not include any words after **last**. The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts include the words “for many are called, but few are chosen” after the word **last**. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
20:17	ag3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	καὶ	1	Here, the word **And** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **And** untranslated. Alternate translation: “After that,” or “Then”
20:17	b6ia		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἀναβαίνων	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “coming” instead of **going**. Alternate translation: “coming up”
20:17	csnw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀναβαίνων	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as he and the disciples were going up”\n
20:18	brtg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** draws the attention of the disciples and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “See” or “Pay attention:”
20:18-19	obl2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου & αὐτὸν & αὐτὸν & σταυρῶσαι & ἀναστήσεται	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, … me … me … to crucify me … I will be raised up”
20:18	nf34		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἀναβαίνομεν	1	Jesus is using the pronoun **we** to refer to himself and the disciples, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction.
20:18	toqa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἀναβαίνομεν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “coming” instead of **going**. Alternate translation: “we are coming up”
20:18	b2f2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδοθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “someone will hand the Son of Man over”
20:18	rbl4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title **Son of Man** is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
20:18	s8uh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	θανάτῳ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to die”
20:19	rjq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῖς ἔθνεσιν	1	Here Jesus is speaking specifically of **Gentiles** who rule or control the the city of Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the Gentiles who rule” or “to the Gentiles who are in charge”
20:19	hbg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ	1	Here, the phrase **on the third day** refers to the day after tomorrow. People in Jesus’ culture counted the current day as the first day, tomorrow as the second day, and the day after tomorrow as the third day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that refers to the day after tomorrow. See how you translated this phrase in [17:23](../17/23.md). Alternate translation: “on the day after the next day” or “two days later”
20:19	pn84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “on day three”
20:19	xis6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀναστήσεται	1	Here, the word **raised** refers to someone who died coming back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable word or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will be restored to life”
20:19	kr7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀναστήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, Jesus could be implying that: (1) God will do it. Alternate translation: “God will raise him up” (2) Jesus himself will do it. Alternate translation: “he will raise himself up”
20:20	sx75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	τότε	1	Here, the word **Then** introduces the next major event in the story. It happened sometime soon after Jesus spoke the words recorded in the previous verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Then** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Soon after that,” or “After Jesus said those things,”
20:20	giba		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	προσῆλθεν αὐτῷ ἡ μήτηρ τῶν υἱῶν Ζεβεδαίου	1	Here Matthew introduces **the mother of the sons of Zebedee** as a new character in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Alternate translation: “the mother of the sons of Zebedee was there. She approached him”
20:20	zr9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῶν υἱῶν Ζεβεδαίου	1	Here Matthew refers to James and John, who were **the sons of Zebedee**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “of James and John, the sons of Zebedee,”
20:20	epap		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	προσκυνοῦσα	1	In the woman’s culture, **bowing down** to a person was a way to honor a greater person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to a similar action from your culture, or you could explain what **bowing down** means. Alternate translation: “prostrating herself” or “bowing down to him in respect”
20:20	r25c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	αἰτοῦσά τι παρ’ αὐτοῦ	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “asking, ‘Please do something for me.’”
20:21	lhj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	εἶπεν αὐτῇ, τί θέλεις?	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “asked her what she desired.”
20:21	wbk6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	θέλεις	1	Because Jesus is speaking to the mother of the sons of Zebedee, the word **you** is singular.
20:21	vstn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “She said”
20:21	gvrg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	εἰπὲ	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “I ask that you say”
20:21	hqti		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	εἰπὲ & δεξιῶν & σου & σου	1	Because the mother of the sons of Zebedee is speaking to Jesus, the command the word **your** are singular throughout what she says.
20:21	b8xs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	καθίσωσιν & εἷς ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ εἷς ἐξ εὐωνύμων σου	1	When someone sits at the **right hand** or at the **left hand** of a ruler, this symbolizes that person’s honor, authority, and ability to rule. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea explicitly. Alternate translation: “might sit down to rule, one at your right hand and one at your left hand” or “might took the places of honor and authority, one at your right hand and one at your left hand”
20:21	z43h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	εἷς ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ εἷς ἐξ εὐωνύμων σου	1	Here, the phrases **at your right hand** and **at your left hand** refer to the places next to Jesus’ right and left hands, which would be the right side and the left side. In the Jesus’ culture, these sides were associated with honor or authority. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the “right side” and “left side.” Make sure that your readers understand that these sides indicate that the two sons of Zebedee would have honor and authority when they sits there. Alternate translation: “one at your right side and one at your left side” or “one in the honorable place at your right and one in the honorable place at your left”
20:22	gx17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἶπεν	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus is speaking directly to the two sons of Zebedee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “said to her two sons”
20:22	f9cy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πιεῖν τὸ ποτήριον ὃ ἐγὼ μέλλω πίνειν	1	Here Jesus speaks of experiencing pain and suffering as if it were drinking from a **cup**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to experience the pain that I am about to experience” or “to experience the suffering that I am about to experience”
20:22	wing		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ ποτήριον	1	Here, **cup** represents the drink inside the cup, which in Jesus’ culture would probably have been wine. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the drink” or “the wine in the cup”
20:22	d4rf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	λέγουσιν	1	The pronoun **They** refers to the sons of Zebedee. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “The sons of Zebedee say”
20:22	zg5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said”
20:22	rrl1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	δυνάμεθα	1	By **We**, the sons of Zebedee mean themselves, but not their mother or Jesus, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
20:22	n5qs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	δυνάμεθα	1	The sons of Zebedee are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “We are able to drink that cup”
20:23	xrz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “He said”
20:23	m4d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὸ & ποτήριόν μου πίεσθε	1	Here Jesus again speaks of experiencing pain and suffering as if it were drinking from a **cup**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed this idea in [20:22](../20/22.md). Alternate translation: “You will experience the pain that I experience” or “You will experience the suffering that I experience”
20:23	ob2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ & ποτήριόν μου	1	Here, **cup** represents the drink inside the cup, which in Jesus’ culture would probably have been wine. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “My drink” or “The wine in my cup”
20:23	zk4x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	τὸ δὲ καθίσαι ἐκ δεξιῶν μου καὶ ἐξ εὐωνύμων	1	When someone sits at the **right hand** or at the **left hand** of a ruler, this symbolizes that person’s honor, authority, and ability to rule. See how you translated the similar phrases in [20:21](../20/21.md). Alternate translation: “But to sit down to rule at my right hand and at my left hand” or “to take the places of honor and authority at my right hand and at my left hand”
20:23	aq1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐκ δεξιῶν μου καὶ ἐξ εὐωνύμων	1	Here, the phrases **at my right hand** and **at my left hand** refer to the places next to Jesus’ right and left hands, which would be the right side and the left side. In the Jesus’ culture, these sides were associated with honor or authority. See how you expressed the idea in [20:21](../20/21.md). Alternate translation: “at my right side and at my left side” or “in the honorable places at my right and at my left”
20:23	mu7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀλλ’ οἷς	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but it will be given to the ones for whom”
20:23	sj51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἡτοίμασται ὑπὸ τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my Father has prepared it”
20:23	x5f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	**Father** is an important title that describe the relationship between God the **Father** and Jesus his Son.
20:24	z9r3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οἱ δέκα	1	Matthew is using the number **ten** as a noun to refer to other ten disciples. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this number with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the other ten disciples” or “the rest of the disciples”
20:25	h86l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
20:25	u55y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	οἱ ἄρχοντες τῶν ἐθνῶν κατακυριεύουσιν αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ μεγάλοι κατεξουσιάζουσιν αὐτῶν	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could combine the two clauses Alternate translation: “the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them; indeed, the great ones exercise authority over them” or “the rulers of the Gentiles and the great ones lord it over them”
20:25	btlv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κατακυριεύουσιν & κατεξουσιάζουσιν	1	The words translated **lord it over** and **exercise authority over** refer to using power to control and dominate others. The words do not indicate whether **the rulers** and **the great ones** are doing good or bad things with their power. If possible, use words or phrases that refer to total control and domination but that do not imply good or bad use of that control and domination. Alternate translation: “reign absolutely over … have complete authority over”
20:25	aqzc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κατεξουσιάζουσιν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “rule over” or “control”
20:26	q083		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	οὐχ οὕτως ἔστιν	1	Jesus is using the future form to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea using a form that expresses a command or obligation. Alternate translation: “It should not be this way” or “Let it not be this way”
20:26-27	eaiv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ὃς ἐὰν θέλῃ ἐν ὑμῖν μέγας γενέσθαι, ἔσται ὑμῶν διάκονος & καὶ ὃς ἂν θέλῃ ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι πρῶτος, ἔσται ὑμῶν δοῦλος	1	These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the sentences with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second sentence is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could combine the two sentences Alternate translation: “whoever desires to become great among you will be your servant; indeed, whoever desires to be first among you will be your slave” or “whoever desires to become first or great among will you be your servant or slave”
20:26	y4qw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	ἔσται	1	Jesus is using the future form to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea using a form that expresses a command or obligation. Alternate translation: “should be” or “has to be”
20:27	j3ms		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πρῶτος	1	Here, Jesus is speaking of being important or respected as if it were being **first**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this word in [19:30](../19/30.md). Alternate translation: “respected” or “significant”\n
20:27	u8ea		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	ἔσται	1	Jesus is using the future form to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea using a form that expresses a command or obligation. Alternate translation: “should be” or “has to be”
20:28	m27d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου & αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus speaks about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the first person. Alternate translation: “I, who am the Son of Man, … my”
20:28	b3v0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The title Son of Man is equivalent to “Messiah.” Jesus uses the phrase to claim that role subtly and implicitly. You may want to translate this title directly into your language. On the other hand, if you think it would be helpful to your readers, you could state what it means. Alternate translation: “the Messiah”
20:28	ohi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	οὐκ ἦλθεν διακονηθῆναι, ἀλλὰ διακονῆσαι καὶ δοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν	1	If your language would not naturally put the negative statement before the positive statement, you could reverse the two clauses here. Alternate translation: “came to serve, and to give his life as a ransom in exchange for many, not to be served”
20:28	iz71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	διακονηθῆναι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “for people to serve him”
20:28	c7r9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀλλὰ διακονῆσαι	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “but he came to serve”
20:28	zh3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	δοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **his life** were a price or **ransom** he would **give** to free **many** from someone or something that owned or controlled them. He means that he will obtain forgiveness for his people’s sins and will keep those sins from controlling them. This is an important biblical image, so if possible preserve the figure of speech or express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “to offer his life as if it were a ransom to set many free from sin”
20:28	zv1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	δοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **life**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “to allow himself to die”
20:28	yv3b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πολλῶν	1	Jesus is using the adjective **many** as a noun to mean many people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “many men and women”
20:29	qsvk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκπορευομένων αὐτῶν ἀπὸ Ἰερειχὼ	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus and the disciples had previously entered Jericho. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “after visiting Jericho, as they were going out from the city” or “as they were traveling through Jericho”
20:29	ptk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐκπορευομένων αὐτῶν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “coming” instead of **going**. Alternate translation: “as they were coming out”
20:29	ev2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῶν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to Jesus and his disciples. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples”
20:30	naag		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	καὶ ἰδοὺ, δύο τυφλοὶ καθήμενοι παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν, ἀκούσαντες ὅτι Ἰησοῦς παράγει	1	Matthew is using the phrase **behold, two blind men** to introduce these two people as new participants in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “And there were two blind men sitting beside the road. When they heard that Jesus is passing”
20:30	kpep		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἀκούσαντες ὅτι Ἰησοῦς παράγει	1	It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “having heard, ‘Jesus is passing by,’”
20:30	gy5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”\n
20:30	kph1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “We ask you to have mercy on us”
20:30	y0d3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **mercy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Be merciful to us”
20:30	usrc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἐλέησον	1	Because the two blind men are speaking to Jesus, the request is singular.
20:30	t577		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Υἱὸς Δαυείδ	1	Here, the word **Son** means a male descendant. It does not mean that Jesus was the direct son of **David**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Descendant of David” or “you who are descended from David”\n
20:30	o638		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Υἱὸς Δαυείδ	1	**David** was Israel’s most important king, and God had promised him that one of his descendants would be the Messiah. So the title **Son of David** could implicitly mean “Messiah.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Son of David, Messiah”
20:31	czuj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
20:31	ttio		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
20:31	hlj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “we ask that you have mercy on us”
20:31	t6mo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **mercy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Be merciful to us”
20:31	fdrm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἐλέησον	1	Because the two blind men are speaking to Jesus, the request is singular.
20:31	rni0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Υἱὸς Δαυείδ	1	Here, the word **Son** means a male descendant. It does not mean that Jesus was the direct son of **David**. Express the idea as you did in [20:30](../20/30.md). Alternate translation: “Descendant of David” or “you who are descended from David”
20:31	a3lq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Υἱὸς Δαυείδ	1	**David** was Israel’s most important king, and God had promised him that one of his descendants would be the Messiah. So the title **Son of David** could implicitly mean “Messiah.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Express the idea as you did in [20:30](../20/30.md). Alternate translation: “Son of David, Messiah”
20:32	va1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	καὶ εἶπεν, τί θέλετε ποιήσω ὑμῖν	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “and asked them what they desired him to do for them.”
20:33	k9mh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said”
20:33	xdgl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Κύριε, ἵνα	1	The blind men are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Lord, we desire that”
20:33	yb39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἵνα ἀνοιγῶσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἡμῶν.	1	Here, the clause **that our eyes might be opened** indicates that the two blind men want to be able to see with their **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable clause or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that our eyes might be healed” or “that our eyes might see”
20:33	q3o8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀνοιγῶσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἡμῶν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “our eyes might become open”
20:34	hin4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	σπλαγχνισθεὶς	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **compassion**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “having sympathized with them”
20:34	l3nz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ	1	Here, the phrase **followed him** could indicate that: (1) the two blind men traveled with Jesus and were his disciple. Alternate translation: “became his disciples” or “traveled with him as his students” (2) the two blind men walked with Jesus on the road. Alternate translation: “walked with him” or “went with him”
21:intro	ni1x				0	# Matthew 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n9. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1-22:46)\n      * Jesus enters Jerusalem (21:1–11)\n      * Jesus drives people out of the temple and argues with the leaders (21:12–17)\n      * Jesus curses a fig tree (21:18–22)\n      * Jesus speaks with the chief priests and elders (21:23–46)\n        * Questions about authority (21:23–27)\n        * The parable of the two children (21:28–32)\n        * The parable of the vineyard (21:33–41)\n        * The stone that the builders rejected (21:42–44)\n        * The reaction of the chief priests and elders (21:45–46)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [21:5](../21/05.md), [21:9](../21/09.md), and [21:42](../21/42.md), which are mostly quotes from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The donkey and the colt\n\nIn [21:1–4](../21/01.md), Jesus instructs two of his disciples to collect a donkey and a colt for him to use as he enters into Jerusalem. Matthew comments that Jesus did that in fulfillment of [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md), which indicates that a special king of Israel will ride on a donkey and on a colt, which is a poetic way of referring to a donkey that is a colt. In the story in Matthew, Matthew refers to both the donkey and the colt that the disciples collect, but he does not indicate which one Jesus actually rides. Make sure that it is clear that there are two animals that match the way that [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md) was written, but do not indicate which one Jesus rode on.\n\n### Hosanna\n\nThe word “Hosanna” is a Hebrew word spelled out how it sounds in Matthew’s language. The word means “save us, please.” By the time of Jesus, however, people would use the word to praise or honor God and others. Consider whether to spell the word out as it sounds or state its meaning. See the notes on [21:9](../21/09.md) and [21:15](../21/15.md) for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n### Disrupting activity in the temple area\n\nIn [21:12–13](../21/12.md), Jesus disrupts normal activity in the temple by driving out some people and by overturning the chairs and tables of others. Jesus performed this symbolic action to express a specific message. However, Christians debate exactly what the symbolic action means. Jesus could have been protesting against people who were buying and selling dishonestly. He could have been protesting against all buying and selling in the temple area. He could have been indicating that the temple would be destroyed. Your translation should state what Jesus did while allowing for all of these possible interpretations.\n\n### The baptism of John\n\nIn [21:25–27](../21/25.md), Jesus and the chief priests and elders discuss “the baptism of John.” Here they are referring to how John baptized people for repentance. Jesus asks them whether they think that John’s baptism came from heaven or from people, which means that he performed baptisms by God’s authority or by human authority. The chief priests and elders decide not to answer the question. See the notes on these verses for ways to refer to John’s baptism and to the authority behind it.\n\n### Renting out a vineyard\n\nIn [21:33–41](../21/33.md), Jesus tells a story about a man who built a vineyard and then rented it out to farmers. Jesus is referring to a common arrangement in which a wealthy person who owned property would have poorer people use that property for farming or tending grapes. These poorer people would do the work and then sell the produce, and they would give the person who owned the property a portion of what they made. If your readers would not be familiar with this kind of arrangement, make sure that your translation is clear about what is happening in the story.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The parable of the two children\n\nIn [21:28–32](../21/28.md), Jesus tells and explains a story about a man and his two children. The man asks both children to work in his vineyard. The first child says that he will not but later works there anyways. The second child says that he will but later does not work there. Jesus and the chief priest and elders agree that it was the first child who actually did what the father wanted. Jesus then explains that he is illustrating how different groups of people reacted to John the Baptist’s ministry. People who sinned much but then repented when John preached are like the first child who actually did what the father wanted. The Jewish religious leaders who did not repent when John preached are like the second child who did not actually do what the father wanted. While you should not explain the meaning more than Jesus does, make sure that your translation fits with what Jesus is illustrating. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n### The parable of the vineyard\n\nIn [21:33–41](../21/33.md), Jesus tells a story about a man who planted a vineyard and rented it out to farmers. When the man sends servants to collect the rent, the farmers refuse and injure or kill the servants. When the man sends his own son, the farmers kill him as well. Jesus and the chief priests and elders agree that the man should destroy the farmers and rent the vineyard to other people. When he applies the parable in [21:42–44](../21/42.md), Jesus indicates that the Jewish religious leaders are like those farmers who will be destroyed. He also implies that the vineyard represents the people of Israel, the servants represent God’s messengers, the son represents Jesus himself, and the man who owned the vineyard represents God. While you should not explain the meaning more than Jesus does, make sure that your translation fits with what Jesus is illustrating. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n### The stone\n\nIn [21:42](../21/42.md), Jesus quotes from [Psalm 118:22–23](../psa/118/22.md), which refers to a specific “stone.” In the Psalm, this stone most likely represents the king of Israel, or it perhaps represents the Israelite people in general. When Jesus refers to the stone in [21:42](../21/42.md) and [21:44](../21/44.md), he is implicitly identifying it with himself. Since the stone language comes from a quotation from the Psalms, you should preserve it in some form in your translation. Also, since Jesus does not explicitly claim to be the stone, you should keep that implicit in your translation. See the notes on these verses for translation options. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Singular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to his disciples or to the Jewish leaders. Because of this, most forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### The quote from Zechariah and Isaiah in [21:5](../21/05.md)\n\nIn [21:5](../21/05.md), Matthew quotes from someone whom he calls “the prophet” ([21:4](../21/04.md)). The last three lines of the quotation are from [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md). The first line sounds somewhat like the first line of [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md), but it matches the first line of [Isaiah 62:11](../isa/62/11.md) exactly. Most likely, Matthew was thinking of both of these verses when he wrote down the quotation. If you must refer to the author of the quotation or book from which the quotation came, it is recommended that you refer to Zechariah, since most of the quotation is from that book. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]])\n\n### Different versions of the parable of the two children\n\nThere are two primary versions of the parable of the two children in [21:28–31](../21/28.md):\n\n1. The first child says that he will not work in the vineyard but later does. Meanwhile, the second child says that he will work in the vineyard but does not. The chief priests and scribes say that the first child did what the father wanted.\n2. The first child says that he will work in the vineyard but does not. Meanwhile, the second child says that he will not work in the vineyard but later does. The chief priests and scribes say that the second child did what the father wanted.\n\nThe ULT and the UST are based on the first version listed above. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])\n\n## Verse 44\n\nA few manuscripts do not include anything for [21:44](../21/44.md). Many early manuscripts do include the verse. While it it possible that people added this verse because similar words appear in the same place in [Luke 20:18](../luk/20/18.md), it is more likely that this verse was accidentally omitted from a few manuscripts. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. Otherwise, since it is likely that [21:44](../21/44.md) does belong here, it is recommended that you follow the ULT by including the verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
21:1	f8fs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	καὶ ὅτε	1	Here, the phrase **And when** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event. Alternate translation: “Then”
21:1	z5qk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἤγγισαν & ἦλθον	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “they went near … went”
21:1	tf8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἤγγισαν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to Jesus and his disciples. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples came near”
21:1	p3g6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Βηθφαγὴ	1	The word **Bethphage** is the name of a village that was near Jerusalem.
21:1	u8fj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πρὸς τὸ Ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν	1	Here Matthew implies that **Bethphage** is near **the Mount of Olives**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “near the Mount of Olives” or “which is at the Mount of Olives”
21:2	ruc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων αὐτοῖς	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said to them”
21:2	ubr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	πορεύεσθε	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “Come” instead of **Go**. Alternate translation: “Come”
21:2	ku9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τὴν κώμην, τὴν κατέναντι ὑμῶν	1	Here, a **village** that is **opposite** someone means that it is directly in front of them. Jesus is here referring to the village of Bethphage. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the village directly in front of you” or “the village of Bethphage, which is before you”
21:2	wen2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὄνον δεδεμένην	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “a donkey that a person has tied up”
21:2	pq2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δεδεμένην	1	Here Jesus implies that someone has used a rope or tether to secure the **donkey** so that it cannot wander away. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “secured with a tether”
21:2	ure7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	πῶλον	1	A **colt** is a young donkey that is no longer a baby but is not yet full grown. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “one of her young ones” or “a young donkey”
21:3	o47q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	καὶ ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ τι, ἐρεῖτε	1	Jesus is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that they will only have to say these words if someone **says anything** to them. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “Now suppose someone says something to you. Then you should say”
21:3	yv1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὑμῖν εἴπῃ τι	1	Here Jesus is implying that people might ask the disciples why they are taking someone’s donkey and colt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “confronts you about what you are doing” or “speaks to you about what you are doing”
21:3	qwvf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἐρεῖτε, ὅτι ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν χρείαν ἔχει	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you will say that the Lord has need of them,”
21:3	hiro		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ Κύριος	1	Here, the word **Lord** could refer to: (1) Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “The Lord, our teacher,” (2) God. Alternate translation: “The Lord God”
21:3	pfcz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἀποστελεῖ	1	Although the term **he** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person will send them”
21:4	yi1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces Matthew’s comment on what he has narrated so far. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a comment from the narrator, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “I note that” or “As a matter of fact,”
21:4	nybn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τοῦτο & γέγονεν	1	Here, the word **this** refers to what Jesus has just instructed two of his disciples to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to those instructions more directly. Alternate translation: “Jesus gave those instructions”
21:4	n979		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἵνα	1	Here, the phrase **so that** could introduce: (1) a result from what Jesus commanded. Alternate translation: “with the result that” (2) a purpose for which Jesus commanded those things. Alternate translation: “in order that”\n
21:4	dsar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the speaking, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “this might fulfill that which God said through the prophet”
21:4	x3up		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διὰ τοῦ προφήτου	1	Here, the **prophet** whom Matthew is speaking about is Zechariah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “through the prophet Zechariah”
21:4	inek		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντος	1	In Matthew’s culture, saying was a normal way to introduce a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Zehariah (see [Zechariah 9:9](../zec/09/09.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “who wrote in the book of Zechariah” or “who declared”
21:5	btvk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἴπατε τῇ θυγατρὶ Σιών, ἰδοὺ, ὁ βασιλεύς σου ἔρχεταί σοι, πραῢς καὶ ἐπιβεβηκὼς ἐπὶ ὄνον καὶ ἐπὶ πῶλον, υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Tell the daughter of Zion that her King is coming to her, humble and riding on a donkey, and on a colt, a son of a beast of burden.”
21:5	whn7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῇ θυγατρὶ Σιών	1	The prophet is using the phrase **daughter of Zion** to mean the people who live in the city of **Zion**, which is Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. If you do, make sure that you use plural forms of “you” throughout this verse. Alternate translation: “the people of Zion”
21:5	rdb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **Behold** draws the attention of the audience and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **Behold** with a word or phrase that asks the audience to listen, or you could draw the audience’s attention in another way. Alternate translation: “See” or “Pay attention:”
21:5	on0l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σου & σοι	1	Since someone is talking to **the daughter of Zion**, the words **your** and **you** are singular.
21:5	yjsj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	ἐπὶ ὄνον καὶ ἐπὶ πῶλον, υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου	1	Here, the author of the quotation refers to one animal both as a **donkey** and as a **colt**, which is **a son of a beast of burden**. This was poetic in his culture. Matthew knows that this is a poetic form, but his story refers to two animals, both a **donkey** and a **colt**. If possible, express the idea in such a way that this quotation could be referring to either one or two animals. Alternate translation: “on a donkey, riding on a colt, a son of a beast of burden”
21:5	e9pw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	πῶλον	1	A **colt** is a young donkey that is no longer a baby but is not yet full grown. See how you translated this word in [21:2](../21/02.md). Alternate translation: “a young donkey”
21:5	fx3v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου	1	Here the author of the quotation refers to the direct offspring of **a beast of burden** as if it were its **son**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a foal of a beast of burden”
21:5	a6qa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ὑποζυγίου	1	A **beast of burden** is an animal that is used to perform jobs that require strength, such as carrying or pulling heavy objects. In Jesus’ culture, the phrase almost always referred to a donkey. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make some of those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “of a work animal” or “of a draft animal”
21:6	ln9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
21:6	sjdb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	πορευθέντες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come”
21:7	r6db		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὸν πῶλον	1	A **colt** is a young donkey that is no longer a baby but is not yet full grown. See how you translated this word in [21:2](../21/02.md). Alternate translation: “a young donkey”
21:7	y6en			τὰ ἱμάτια	1	Alternate translation: “outer garments”
21:7	fgbo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	ἐπεκάθισεν ἐπάνω αὐτῶν	1	Here Matthew does not specify which animal Jesus sat on, and if possible you should not specify either. If you need to include an object for **sat**, you could refer generally to one of the animals. Alternate translation: “he sat upon them on one of the animals”
21:7	q6r5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῶν	3	Here, the word **them** could refer to: (1) the **cloaks**. Alternate translation: “the cloaks” (2) the **donkey** and the **colt**. Alternate translation: “the animals”
21:8	s8x6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
21:8	e3t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	ὁ & πλεῖστος ὄχλος	1	Matthew says **the largest crowd** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “a huge crowd” or “an enormous crowd”
21:8	t29s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἔστρωσαν ἑαυτῶν τὰ ἱμάτια ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ; ἄλλοι δὲ ἔκοπτον κλάδους ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων, καὶ ἐστρώννυον ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ	1	The people did these things to give Jesus honor and glory. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain the meaning of these actions. Alternate translation: “spread their cloaks on the road to give him honor, and others were cutting branches from the trees and were spreading them on the road to give him glory”
21:8	vyp6			τὰ ἱμάτια	1	Alternate translation: “outer garments”
21:8	cy6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ἄλλοι	1	Matthew is using the adjective **others** as a noun to mean other people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “different people”
21:9	exm6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
21:9	vo7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	οἱ προάγοντες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “coming” instead of **going**. Alternate translation: “coming before”
21:9	x1l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
21:9	ky4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	ὡσαννὰ & ὡσαννὰ	1	The word **Hosanna** is a Hebrew word. Matthew has spelled it out using Greek letters so his readers would know how it sounded. **Hosanna** had an original meaning of “save now,” but by the time of this event it had become a way of praising God. In your translation you can spell **Hosanna** the way it sounds in your language or you could translate it according to how the word was used. Alternate translation: “Honor … Honor”
21:9	ysb9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ	1	Here, the word **Son** means a male descendant. It does not mean that Jesus was the direct son of **David**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the Descendant of David” or “the one who is descended from David”\n
21:9	gk06		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ	1	**David** was Israel’s most important king, and God had promised him that one of his descendants would be the Messiah. So the title **Son of David** could implicitly mean “Messiah.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to the Son of David, the Messiah”
21:9	dtjl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου!	1	Here the crowds are quoting from [Psalm 118:26](../psa/118/26.md). Since they do not introduce the words as a quotation from an important text, you also should not introduce them as anything more than what the crowds said. However, if it would be helpful for your readers, you could include this information in a footnote.
21:9	fc0e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου	1	The phrase **Blessed is the one** could be: (1) a request for God to bless Jesus. Alternate translation: “Let the one coming in the name of the Lord be blessed” (2) stating that God had already blessed Jesus. Alternate translation: “The one coming in the name of the Lord is blessed”
21:9	c61m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	εὐλογημένος	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “Let God bless”
21:9	q52t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου	1	Here, the word **name** refers primarily to the person who has that name, and it focuses especially on that person’s authority. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by your authority of the Lord”\n
21:9	jt8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὡσαννὰ	2	Here, the word **Hosanna** could refer to praising: (1) Jesus, the **Son of David**. Alternate translation: “Hosanna to this one” (2) God, who sent Jesus. Alternate translation: “Hosanna to God”
21:9	g73z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τοῖς ὑψίστοις	1	The people are using the adjective **highest** as a noun to mean the highest heavens, where God dwells. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the highest heavens”
21:10	cb4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐσείσθη πᾶσα ἡ πόλις λέγουσα	1	Matthew is using the term **city** to mean the people who live in that city. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the people who lived in the city were shaken, saying”\n
21:10	f1ao		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐσείσθη πᾶσα ἡ πόλις	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was what Jesus did and how the crowds greeted him. Alternate translation: “this shook the whole city”
21:10	p0gh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐσείσθη	1	Here, Matthew is speaking of people becoming agitated as if they were **shaken**. He could be implying: (1) that the people were concerned or confused. Alternate translation: “was disturbed” or “was greatly concerned” (2) that the people were excited. Alternate translation: “was excited”
21:10	g6pq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγουσα	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and the people said”
21:11	nqb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	Ναζαρὲθ τῆς Γαλιλαίας	1	Here, the crowds are using the possessive form to describe **Nazareth** as a place in **Galilee**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Nazareth, a town in Galilee”
21:12	y9j4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰσῆλθεν & εἰς τὸ ἱερόν	1	Here Matthew means that Jesus entered into the **temple** area. He does not mean that Jesus went into the most sacred parts of the temple building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “entered into the temple courtyard”
21:12	w7ac		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοὺς πωλοῦντας καὶ ἀγοράζοντας ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ	1	Matthew implies that merchants were **selling** animals and other items so that travelers could buy them and offer the proper sacrifices at the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the ones selling and buying things in the temple for the sacrifices”
21:12	u1oe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰς τραπέζας τῶν κολλυβιστῶν	1	Here Matthew is referring to people who exchanged the commonly used Greek and Roman money for special money that could be used at the temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the tables of the people who exchanged money” or “the tables of the people who exchanged the temple currency”
21:12	iyox		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰς καθέδρας τῶν πωλούντων τὰς περιστεράς	1	Here Matthew refers to people who sold **doves**, which the poorest people would offer as sacrifices. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the seats of the ones selling the doves to be sacrificed”
21:13	om5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
21:13	hvrv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the people who were buying, selling, and exchanging things in the temple area. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “to the people who were buying and selling”
21:13	q41c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	γέγραπται	1	In Jesus’ culture, **It is written** was a normal way to introduce quotations from important texts, in this case, the books of Isaiah and Jeremiah (see [Isaiah 56:7](../isa/56/07.md) and [Jeremiah 7:11](../jer/07/11.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from important texts. Alternate translation: “You can read in the Scriptures” or “It says in the books of Isaiah and Jeremiah”
21:13	kp7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γέγραπται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was God speaking through prophets. Alternate translation: “The prophets said” or “God had the prophets write”
21:13	z8gr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ οἶκός μου & κληθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, you could use an indefinite subject. Alternate translation: “They will call my house”
21:13	n9v8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ οἶκός μου	1	God, speaking through the prophet Isaiah, refers to his temple as **My house** because his presence is there. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “My temple”
21:13	bd8x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	οἶκος προσευχῆς	1	Here God, speaking through the prophet Isaiah, is using the possessive form to describe a **house** that is a place where people perform **prayer**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “a house where prayer is offered” or “a place where there is prayer”
21:13	c7l3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σπήλαιον λῃστῶν	1	Here God, speaking through the prophet Jeremiah, refers to the temple as a **den** where **robbers** hide and plot their crimes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “a place where robbers live” or “like a cave where robbers hide”
21:14	a2sh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τυφλοὶ καὶ χωλοὶ	1	Matthew is using the adjectives **blind** and **lame** as nouns to mean people who were blind and lame. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “those who were blind and lame”
21:14	q405		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ	1	Here Matthew means that Jesus was in the **temple** area. He does not mean that Jesus went into the most sacred parts of the temple building. See how you expressed the idea in [21:12](../21/12.md). Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard”
21:15	u6ed		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces how **the chief priests and the scribes** reacted in contrast with how most of the people reacted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,”
21:15	r3bs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ	1	Here Matthew means that **the children** were in the **temple** area. He does not mean that they were in the most sacred parts of the temple building. See how you expressed the idea in [21:12](../21/12.md). Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard”
21:15	c3qg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	λέγοντας, ὡσαννὰ τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ	1	It may be more natural in your language to have an indirect quotation here. Alternate translation: “giving hosannas to the Son of David,”
21:15	fqr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	ὡσαννὰ	1	See how you translated **Hosanna** in [21:9](../21/09.md). Alternate translation: “Honor”
21:15	c6k8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῷ Υἱῷ Δαυείδ	1	See how you translated the phrase **Son of David** in [21:9](../21/09.md). Alternate translation: “to the Descendant of David” or “to the one who is descended from David”
21:16	wu5x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀκούεις τί οὗτοι λέγουσιν	1	Here the chief priests and the scribes are implying that what **these** children are saying is bad or wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Do you hear the wrong things that these are saying”
21:16	dhoa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἀκούεις	1	Since the chief priests and the scribes are talking to Jesus, the word **you** here is singular.
21:16	zx4a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οὗτοι	1	The chief priests and scribes are using the adjective **these** as a noun to mean specific children. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “these children”
21:16	gm6o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
21:16	twg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ναί	1	Here, the word **Yes** implies that Jesus thinks that what the children are saying is not wrong or bad. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Yes, and they are doing what is good” or “Yes, and they are right”
21:16	luy1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε, ὅτι ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων, κατηρτίσω αἶνον?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke and teach the chief priests and scribes. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I know that you have read, ‘From the mouths of little children and nursing infants you have prepared praise.’” or “Surely you have read, ‘From the mouths of little children and nursing infants you have prepared praise’!”
21:16	iqlm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε	1	Here Jesus introduces a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Psalms (see [Psalm 8:2](../psa/08/02.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “Have you never read in the book of Psalms” or “Have you never read in our Scriptures”\n
21:16	qa9u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐκ στόματος	1	Here, **mouths** represents speaking or things that are spoken. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From the voices” or “From the speech”
21:16	qyka		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων	1	The terms **little children** and **nursing infants** mean similar things. The author of the quotation is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “of the youngest children”
21:16	jgu8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κατηρτίσω αἶνον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **praise**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you have chosen to be praised” or “you have prepared praising words”
21:16	qe4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	κατηρτίσω	1	Since the author of the quotation is talking to God, the word **you** here is singular.
21:17	hoes		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοὺς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the chief priests and the scribes (see [21:15](../21/15.md)). If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the chief priests and the scribes”
21:17	abq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐξῆλθεν	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples went out”
21:17	t65g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξῆλθεν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “he came out”
21:17	cmd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῆς πόλεως	1	Here, the phrase **the city** refers to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem”
21:18	q488		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
21:18	yk9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐπανάγων	1	Here Matthew implies that the disciples were traveling with Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as Jesus and his disciples were returning”
21:18	m22l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν πόλιν	1	Here, the phrase **the city** refers to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Jerusalem”
21:19	l3bi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἦλθεν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “he came”
21:19	h2la		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	οὐδὲν εὗρεν ἐν αὐτῇ, εἰ μὴ φύλλα μόνον	1	If it would in appear your language that Matthew was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “found only leaves on it”
21:19	s0vv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
21:19	uf93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	καρπὸς	1	Here, the word **fruit** is singular in form, but it refers to many fruits as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “fruits”
21:19	d1d8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	σοῦ	1	Since the Jesus is talking to the fig tree, the word **you** here is singular.
21:19	r0s2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα	1	Here, the phrase **to eternity** means that something lasts forever. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “forever” or “ever again”
21:20	mzry		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
21:21	qye0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
21:21	fohj			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell his disciples. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
21:21	nd3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν καὶ μὴ διακριθῆτε, οὐ μόνον τὸ τῆς συκῆς ποιήσετε, ἀλλὰ κἂν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ εἴπητε, ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, γενήσεται	1	Here Jesus uses an imaginary situation to show that a person with **faith** can do amazing things, like casting a **mountain** into the sea. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “imagine that you had faith and did not doubt. In that case, you could do not only what was of the fig tree. Even more, you could say to this mountain, ‘Be taken up and be thrown into the sea,’ and it would happen”
21:21	mwl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἔχητε πίστιν καὶ μὴ διακριθῆτε	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternatively, you could combine the two phrases and express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “you have faith without doubting” or “you truly believe”
21:21	zu6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἔχητε πίστιν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faith**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you believe”
21:21	r61a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ τῆς συκῆς	1	Here Jesus is referring to what he did to the fig tree. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what I did to the fig tree” or “things like what I did to the fig tree”
21:21	jf9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ εἴπητε, ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, γενήσεται	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you tell this mountain to be taken up and to be thrown into the sea, it will happen”
21:21	qfo6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ	1	Here, the phrase **this mountain** could refer to: (1) the Mount of Olives, which Jesus and his disciples were near. Alternate translation: “to the Mount of Olives” or “to the mountain we are near” (2) any mountain. Alternate translation: “to a mountain”
21:21	erml		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν,	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be God. Alternate translation: “May God take you up and throw you into the sea”
21:21	lrgd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι	1	Since someone is talking to a mountain, the commands here are singular.
21:22	lsb5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	πάντα ὅσα ἂν αἰτήσητε	1	The expression **everything, as much as you request** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “everything that you request”
21:22	a72c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **prayer**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as you pray”
21:23	m6cd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθόντος αὐτοῦ	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “when he had gone”
21:23	uge9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν	1	Here Matthew means that Jesus entered into the **temple** area. He does not mean that Jesus went into the most sacred parts of the temple building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “into the temple courtyard”\n
21:23	lzfr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ πρεσβύτεροι τοῦ λαοῦ	1	Here Matthew implies that **the people** refers to the Jewish people group. These are **elders** who are respected among the Jewish people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the elders who lead the Jewish people”
21:23	kw71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	διδάσκοντι	1	Here Matthew indicates that Jesus is **teaching**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “as he was teaching”
21:23	d6dm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
21:23	b56y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς? καὶ τίς σοι ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην	1	The question **By what authority do you do these things** and the question **who gave you this authority** could: (1) be two separate questions, the first asking about the nature of the authority and the second about who gave it to Jesus. Alternate translation: “By what kind of authority do you do these things, and who is the one who gave you this authority” (2) both have the same meaning and be asked together to strongly question Jesus’ authority. If you choose this option, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could combine these two questions into one question. Alternate translation: “Who was it who gave you the authority to do these things?”
21:23	mtt1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιεῖς? καὶ τίς σοι ἔδωκεν τὴν ἐξουσίαν ταύτην	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “How are you empowered to do these things, and who empowered you in this way”
21:23	s1w6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ταῦτα ποιεῖς	1	Here, the phrase **these things** refers to what Jesus has done since he arrived in Jerusalem, including driving people out of the temple, healing people, and teaching. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “do you teach, heal, and drive people out of the temple”
21:23	pji9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ποιεῖς & σοι	1	Since the chief priests and the elders are talking to Jesus, the words **you** and **you** here are singular.
21:24	t36k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	λόγον ἕνα	1	Jesus is using the term **word** to refer to what Jesus will ask. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “one thing”
21:24	h7hs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιῶ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. See how you expressed the idea in [21:23](../21/23.md). Alternate translation: “how I am empowered to do these things”
21:24	da2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ταῦτα ποιῶ	1	Here, the phrase **these things** refers to what Jesus has done since he arrived in Jerusalem, including driving people out of the temple, healing people, and teaching. See how you translated the similar phrase in [21:23](../21/23.md). Alternate translation: “I teach, heal, and drive people out of the temple”
21:25	d4t2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ Ἰωάννου, πόθεν ἦν	1	Here, Jesus first introduces the **baptism of John** and then asks a question about it. If stating the topic and then referring back to it with the word **it** would be redundant in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “From where was the baptism of John”
21:25	w2ok		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ Ἰωάννου	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a kind of **baptism** that was performed by **John**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “The baptism that John performed”
21:25	kp9m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ Ἰωάννου	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **baptism**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “When John baptized people”
21:25	r7ns		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐξ οὐρανοῦ	-1	Here, **heaven** represents God because it is where he dwells. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “From God … From God”
21:25	th4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἐξ ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “from humans”
21:25	bymp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
21:25	i5ai		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	παρ’ ἑαυτοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **among themselves** could mean: (1) that the chief priests and elders were **reasoning** with each other. Alternate translation: “with one another” (2) that the chief priests and elders were thinking this without saying it. Alternate translation: “within themselves”
21:25	emhs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
21:25	vvt5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ ἡμῖν, διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ?	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within a quotation. Alternate translation: “If we say that it was from heaven, then he will ask us for what reason we did not believe him.”
21:25	seb0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	ἐὰν εἴπωμεν, ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐρεῖ ἡμῖν, διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ	1	Here the chief priests and elders use an imaginary situation to help them decide how to answer the question. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Imagine that we say, ‘From heaven.’ In that case, he will say to us, ‘Why then did you not believe him?’”
21:25	jmg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	διὰ τί οὖν οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ?	1	The chief priests and elders expect that Jesus would use the question form to rebuke them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Then you should have believed him.” or “You certainly should have believed him, then!”
21:26	iysl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ἐὰν & εἴπωμεν, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων, φοβούμεθα τὸν ὄχλον	1	Here the chief priests and elders use an imaginary situation to help them decide how to answer the question. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “imagine that we say, ‘From men.’ In that case, we fear the crowd”
21:26	zxn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἐὰν & εἴπωμεν, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων,	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “if we say that it was from men,”
21:26	fply		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἐξ ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “From humans”
21:26	vn6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	φοβούμεθα τὸν ὄχλον, πάντες γὰρ ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “the crowd regard John as a prophet, so we fear them all”
21:26	kefe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν ὄχλον	1	Here Matthew implies that the chief priests and elders feared what **the crowd** would do if they answered in this way. They might have rioted or attacked them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what the crowd would do” or “that the crowd might riot”
21:26	hhrn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	πάντες & ἔχουσιν	1	The chief priests and elders say **all** here as an overstatement for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “most of them regard”
21:27	wv8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	1	Here, the word **And** introduces what the chief priests and scribes did as a result of what they said to each other. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the result of an action. Alternate translation: “Therefore,” or “So then,”
21:27	eq25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὐκ οἴδαμεν	1	The chief priests and elders are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “We do not know where the baptism of John was from”
21:27	ylr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὐδὲ ἐγὼ λέγω ὑμῖν	1	With the words **Neither do I tell you**, Jesus is indicating that this is the result of what the Jewish leaders told him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could include a word or phrase that introduces a result. Alternate translation: “Then I will not tell you” or “Well then, neither do I tell you”
21:27	foa7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσίᾳ ταῦτα ποιῶ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. See how you expressed the idea in [21:23](../21/23.md). Alternate translation: “how I am empowered to do these things”
21:27	hibc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ταῦτα ποιῶ	1	Here, the phrase **these things** refers to what Jesus has done since he arrived in Jerusalem, including driving people out of the temple, healing people, and teaching. See how you translated the similar phrase in [21:23](../21/23.md). Alternate translation: “I teach, heal, and drive people out of the temple”
21:28	awdi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next topic that Jesus wishes to speak about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Next,”
21:28	iem2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί & ὑμῖν δοκεῖ?	1	Jesus is using the question form to get the attention of the chief priests and the elders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I want you to pay attention to what I am about to say.” or “listen to this!”
21:28	u56n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ἄνθρωπος εἶχεν τέκνα δύο	1	To teach the chief priests and the elders, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: A man had two children”
21:28	y2an		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῷ πρώτῳ	1	Jesus is using the adjective **first** as a noun to mean the first child. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the first child”
21:28	avgi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ πρώτῳ	1	Here, the word **first** could imply that: (1) this child was the older one. Alternate translation: “the older” (2) this child simply the first one with whom the father spoke. Alternate translation: “the first one he found”
21:28	i25l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	τῷ πρώτῳ	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “child one”
21:28	qozl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπεν, τέκνον, ὕπαγε σήμερον, ἐργάζου ἐν τῷ ἀμπελῶνι	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he called him son and told him to go work that day in the vineyard.”
21:28	m89p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὕπαγε & ἐργάζου	1	Since the man is talking to one of his children, the commands here are singular.
21:28	eetj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ὕπαγε	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “come”
21:29-31	a0l3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	οὐ θέλω; ὕστερον δὲ μεταμεληθεὶς, ἀπῆλθεν & ἐγώ, κύριε, καὶ οὐκ ἀπῆλθεν & ὁ πρῶτος.	1	Many ancient manuscripts have the story as the ULT presents it. Some ancient manuscripts tell the story in a different sequence or with different answers to the questions. See the chapter introduction for more information. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
21:29	y9eg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what the man’s child said in contrast with what his father told him to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In response,” or “In contrast,”
21:29	mnpt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπεν, οὐ θέλω	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “said that he would not,”
21:29	alwy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐ θέλω	1	Here the man’s child means that he **will not** go and work in the vineyard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I will not work in the vineyard”
21:29	ub09		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	ὕστερον	1	Here, the word **afterward** introduces something that happened after the man’s child said **I will not**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces something that happened later. Alternate translation: “later that day”
21:29	b96z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μεταμεληθεὶς	1	Here, the phrase **changed his mind** refers to deciding to do something that one had previously chosen not to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “having second thoughts” or “having reconsidered”
21:29	jlpc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπῆλθεν	1	Here Jesus implies that the man’s child **went** to the vineyard and worked there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he went and worked in the vineyard”
21:29	prdj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἀπῆλθεν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “he came”
21:30	sbk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
21:30	z073		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῷ ἑτέρῳ	1	Jesus is using the adjective **other** as a noun to mean the other child. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the other child”
21:30	mrxi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἶπεν ὡσαύτως	1	Here Jesus means that the man said the same things that he said to the the first child (see [21:28](../21/28.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he said the same thing” or “he told him also to go work in his vineyard”
21:30	ne3t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπεν, ἐγώ, κύριε	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “called him lord and said that he would,”
21:30	cq83		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐγώ	1	Here the man’s child means that he **will** go and work in the vineyard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I will work in the vineyard”
21:30	jxqd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness	κύριε	1	In Jesus’ culture, the word **lord** was a polite way for a child to address a father. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that is a polite way to address a father in your culture. Alternate translation: “sir”
21:30	cy4m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ ἀπῆλθεν	1	Here Jesus implies that the man’s child **did not go** to the vineyard and did not work there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he did not go and work in the vineyard”
21:30	fddh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	οὐκ ἀπῆλθεν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “he did not come”
21:31	ec9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῶν δύο	1	Jesus is using the number **two** as a noun to refer to the two children. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this number with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the two of them”
21:31	glju		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πατρός	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **will**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what his father desired”
21:31	f3v8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν & λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said … said”
21:31	pdxl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ὁ πρῶτος	1	The chief priests and the scribes are using the number **first** as a noun to refer to the first child. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this number with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “The first child”
21:31	dt0e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	ὁ πρῶτος.	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “Child one”
21:31	l2pc			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus says this to emphasize what he is about to tell the chief priests and the elders. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I can assure you”
21:31	v4sn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προάγουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ	1	Here Jesus could be implying that: (1) the tax collectors and prostitutes **enter into the kingdom of God** first, and at least some of the chief priests and elders will **enter** later. Alternate translation: “enter into the kingdom of God first, before you do” (2) the tax collectors and prostitutes **enter into the kingdom of God** instead of the chief priests and elders. Alternate translation: “enter into the kingdom of God instead of you”
21:32	djem		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a basis for what Jesus said in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a claim, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “That is because” or “Here is why I say that:”
21:32	a8z8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἦλθεν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “went”
21:32	n2ve		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν ὁδῷ δικαιοσύνης	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **righteousness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in the righteous way”
21:32	cn7o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐν ὁδῷ δικαιοσύνης	1	Here Jesus uses the word **way** to refer to behavior in life. More specifically, he could mean that: (1) John lived a life characterized by **righteousness**. Alternate translation: “living righteously” or “behaving in righteous ways” (2) John showed others how to live lives characterized by **righteousness**. Alternate translation: “to show you how to be righteous”
21:32	c5t4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	οὐκ ἐπιστεύσατε αὐτῷ	1	Here, **you** is plural and refers to the religious leaders, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
21:32	w855		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὐ μετεμελήθητε	1	Here, the phrase **change your minds** refers to deciding to do something that one had previously chosen not to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “did not have second thoughts” or “did not reconsider”
21:33	yd4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ἄλλην παραβολὴν ἀκούσατε: ἄνθρωπος ἦν	1	To teach the chief priests and the elders, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Now listen to this story: There was a man”
21:33	ipgn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	ἄνθρωπος ἦν οἰκοδεσπότης, ὅστις	1	Matthew is using the phrase **There was a man, a landowner** to introduce this person into the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “A man, a landowner,”
21:33	v39u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	φραγμὸν	1	A **hedge** is a thick wall made out of busy plants that were planted close together. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of wall, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a wall made of bushes” or “wall of plants”
21:33	eu7x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἐξέδετο αὐτὸν γεωργοῖς	1	As the rest of the story shows, the man **rented** the vineyard not for regular cash payments but under an arrangement that entitled him to a share of the crop in exchange for the use of the land. If an arrangement like that would not be familiar to your readers, you could translate this in a way that explains it. Alternate translation: “allowed some farmers to use it in exchange for a share of the crop”
21:34	cm82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
21:34	p5b1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἤγγισεν ὁ καιρὸς τῶν καρπῶν	1	Here, the phrase **the time of the fruits** refers to the time of year when the grape vines produced grapes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it was almost harvest time” or “the grapes were almost ripe”
21:34	rutc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λαβεῖν τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτοῦ	1	Here the master of the house wants to **receive** the share of the **fruits** that the farmers agreed to pay him when he rented the vineyard to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “to receive his portion of the fruit” or “to receive the fruits that they agreed to pay him”
21:34	c0kg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the word **fruits** could refer: (1) directly to the grapes that the vineyard produced. Alternate translation: “his grapes” (2) figuratively to what the farmers made when they sold the grapes. Alternate translation: “his money”
21:34	h8l6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	καρποὺς αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the word translated **his** could refer to: (1) the master of the house, who owned the vineyard. Alternate translation: “the fruits that were his” (2) the vineyard. Alternate translation: “its fruits” or “the fruits of the vineyard”
21:35	n1cq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ	1	The pronoun **his** refers to the master of the house. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to him more directly. Alternate translation: “the master of the house’s servants”
21:36	sleh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῶν πρώτων	1	Jesus is using the number **first** as a noun to mean the servants who were sent first. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the first servants”
21:36	go2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	τῶν πρώτων	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the previous ones”
21:36	ezuu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐποίησαν αὐτοῖς ὡσαύτως	1	Here Jesus means that the farmers did the same things to these later servants as they did to the first servants (see [21:35](../21/35.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they did the same things to them” or “they beat, killed, or stoned them too”
21:36	c5rn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἐποίησαν αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **they** refers to the farmers, and the pronoun **them** refers to the servants. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the farmers did to the servants”
21:37	dknz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	ὕστερον δὲ	1	Here, the phrase **But afterward** introduces something that happened after the man sent many servants to the farmers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces something that happened later. Alternate translation: “After all that happened”
21:37	q5q3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ λέγων, ἐντραπήσονται τὸν υἱόν μου	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these two clauses. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘They will respect my son,’ he sent to them his son.”
21:37	p4qy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγων, ἐντραπήσονται τὸν υἱόν μου	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that they would respect his son”
21:37	t79s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	If you keep the direct quotation, consider natural ways of introducing it in your language. Alternate translation: “and he thought”
21:37	th97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐντραπήσονται τὸν υἱόν μου	1	Here, the man implies that respecting his son would also mean giving him the portion of the fruits that he and the farmers had agreed upon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “They will respect my son and give him my portion of the fruits”
21:38	klel		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ δὲ γεωργοὶ ἰδόντες τὸν υἱὸν	1	Here Jesus implies that the son traveled to the vineyard, after which the farmers saw him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Then the son arrived at the vineyard. But the farmers, having seen him”
21:38	qznw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπον ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ κληρονόμος; δεῦτε, ἀποκτείνωμεν αὐτὸν καὶ σχῶμεν τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “said among themselves that this man was the heir and that they should come and kill him and have his inheritance”
21:38	so0k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν ἑαυτοῖς	1	Here, the phrase **among themselves** could mean: (1) that the farmers were speaking with each other. Alternate translation: “to one another” (2) that the farmers were thinking this without saying it. Alternate translation: “within themselves”
21:38	w2w7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	δεῦτε	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “Go” instead of **Come**. Alternate translation: “Go”
21:38	ns1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	καὶ	1	Here, the word **and** introduces the purpose for which the farmers plan to **kill** the son. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “in order that we might”
21:38	k4hv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ	1	Here the farmers are referring primarily to the vineyard, which would be the son’s **inheritance**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “his inheritance, this vineyard”
21:38	kka8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **inheritance**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what he will inherit”
21:39	wzlv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	1	Here, the word **And** introduces what the farmers did as a result of what they said to each other. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the result of an action. Alternate translation: “Therefore,” or “So then,”\n
21:40	x1ll		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces a question that Jesus asks based on the story that he has told. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of question. Alternate translation: “In light of that story” or “Given all that”
21:40	i6zk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ὁ κύριος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **lord** who owns **the vineyard**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the lord who owned the vineyard” or “the man whose vineyard it is”
21:40	irlg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔλθῃ	1	Here, the word **comes** indicates that **the lord of the vineyard** returns to the vineyard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “returns” or “visits them”
21:41	ss2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	λέγουσιν	1	The pronoun **they** refers to the chief priests and elders. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “The chief priests and elders say”
21:41	muyb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said”
21:41	cehy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὸν ἀμπελῶνα ἐκδώσεται ἄλλοις γεωργοῖς	1	Here the chief priests and elders refer to the same kind of arrangement that Jesus referred to in [21:33](../21/33.md). Express the idea as you did there. Alternate translation: “allow other farmers to use it”
21:41	ywl6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν τοῖς καιροῖς αὐτῶν	1	Here, the phrase **in their times** refers to the time of year when the grape vines produced grapes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea in [21:34](../21/34.md). Alternate translation: “at harvest time” or “when the grapes are ripe”
21:42	npxp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
21:42	kk7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the chief priests and the elders. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to them more directly. Alternate translation: “to the chief priests and elders”
21:42	me7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε ἐν ταῖς Γραφαῖς, λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας; παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη, καὶ ἔστιν θαυμαστὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke and teach the chief priests and elders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I know that you have read, ‘A stone that the builders rejected, this has become the head of the corner. This came about from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes.’” or “Surely you have read, ‘A stone that the builders rejected, this has become the head of the corner. This came about from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes’!”
21:42	z9tm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε ἐν ταῖς Γραφαῖς	1	Here Jesus introduces a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Psalms (see [Psalm 118:22–23](../psa/118/22.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “Did you never read in the book of Psalms” or “Have you never read what someone wrote in our Scriptures”
21:42	mcm8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας	1	Here the author of the quotation speaks of a person whom others reject as if he were a **stone** that **builders rejected**. He speaks of this person gaining power and respect as if he became **the head of the corner**. Jesus is applying this quotation to himself as the **stone**. However, if possible, preserve the metaphor in your translation, or if necessary you could express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “A person who is like a stone that the builders rejected, that person has become like the head of the corner”
21:42	fgbr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λίθον ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες	1	Here the author of the quotation is referring to the way people in this culture used stones to build the walls of houses and other buildings. In this case, the people do not want to use the **stone** for building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “A stone that the builders thought was not good enough to use for building”
21:42	uid2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	κεφαλὴν γωνίας	1	The phrase **the head of the corner** refers to a specific stone that is especially key or important for a structure. It could be a stone at the corner of a wall, a stone at the top of an arch, or another important stone. You could use a term for one of these kinds of stones, or you could refer generally to an important or essential stone. Alternate translation: “the cornerstone” or “the capstone” or “the most important stone”
21:42	b1sr			παρὰ Κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη	1	Alternate translation: “The Lord has caused this”
21:42	el83		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν	1	Here, **eyes** represents a person’s judgement or evaluation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in our opinion” or “from our perspective”
21:43	u7pd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	διὰ τοῦτο	1	Here, the phrase **For this reason** introduces an inference based on the parable that Jesus has told and the quotation in the previous verse.. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of inference. Alternate translation: “Because of that,” or “Therefore,”
21:43	s93a			λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Jesus uses the clause **I say to you** to emphasize what he is telling the chief priests and elders. Use a natural form in your language for emphasizing the truth and importance of a statement. Alternate translation: “I want you to know”
21:43	yga5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀρθήσεται ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ δοθήσεται ἔθνει	1	Here Jesus speaks as if **the kingdom of God** were an object that could **be taken away** and **given**. He means that the ability to be part of God’s kingdom will **be taken away** and **given**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable image or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ability to be in the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and will be given to a nation” or “the kingdom of God will no longer accept you and will accept a nation”
21:43	x9nq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀρθήσεται ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ἡ Βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ δοθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who will do the action, it is clear from the context that it will be God. Alternate translation: “God will take away his kingdom from you and give it”
21:43	cm2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς	1	Here, Jesus speaks of how people behave as if they were plants that produced **fruit**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “acting in its ways” or “perform its deeds”
21:43	c7pb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς	1	The pronoun **its** refers to **the kingdom of God**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to the kingdom more directly. Alternate translation: “the kingdom’s fruits”
21:43	d8wo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe **fruits** that are appropriate for the kingdom. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “fruits appropriate for it” or “fruits that are required for those who are in the kingdom”
21:44	zm4g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	καὶ ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον, συνθλασθήσεται; ἐφ’ ὃν δ’ ἂν πέσῃ, λικμήσει αὐτόν	1	Many ancient manuscripts include this verse. The ULT follows that reading. Some ancient manuscripts do not include this verse. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
21:44	r7up		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον, συνθλασθήσεται; ἐφ’ ὃν δ’ ἂν πέσῃ, λικμήσει αὐτόν	1	Here Jesus speaks of people who reject a person as if they had **fallen on this stone** and **will be broken to pieces**. He speaks of people whom this person punishes as if the **stone** fell on them and crushed them. Jesus is applying this quotation to himself as the **stone**. However, if possible, preserve the metaphor in your translation, or if necessary you could express the idea in simile form. Alternate translation: “people who have rejected the person I have mentioned are like people who fall on a stone and are broken to pieces. When the person I have mentioned punishes people, it is like a stone falling on them and crushing them”
21:44	e7qc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὸν λίθον τοῦτον, συνθλασθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who would do the action, it is clear from the context that it would be the **stone**. Alternate translation: “this stone will break to pieces the one having fallen on it”
21:44	xisg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν λίθον τοῦτον	1	Here, **this stone** is the same stone as in [21:42](../21/42.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “that stone” or “the stone that became the head of the corner”
21:44	xjw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	ἐφ’ ὃν & ἂν πέσῃ, λικμήσει αὐτόν	1	Here, Jesus first introduces on whom the stone **falls** and then state what will happen to that person. If stating the topic and then referring back to it with the word **him** would be redundant in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “it will crush whomever it falls on”
21:44	l37p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	αὐτόν	1	Although the term **him** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person”
21:45	gh8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he was speaking”
21:46	kv1f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	καὶ ζητοῦντες αὐτὸν κρατῆσαι, ἐφοβήθησαν τοὺς ὄχλους, ἐπεὶ εἰς προφήτην αὐτὸν εἶχον	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the last clause gives the reason for the result that the second clause describes. Alternate translation: “Now the crowds regarded him as a prophet, so they, seeking to arrest him, were afraid of those crowds”
21:46	ttbo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐφοβήθησαν τοὺς ὄχλους	1	Here Matthew implies that the chief priests and Pharisees did not **seize** Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they did not do so since they feared the crowds”
21:46	i35y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοὺς ὄχλους	1	Here Matthew implies that the chief priests and the Pharisees **feared** what **the crowds** would do if they seized Jesus. They might have rioted or attacked them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “what the crowd would do” or “that the crowd might riot”
22:intro	k5ze				0	# Matthew 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n9. Jesus ministers in Judea (19:1-22:46)\n      * The parable of the wedding feast (22:1–14)\n      * Jesus debates with the religious leaders (22:15–46)\n        * Jesus debates with the Pharisees and Herodians about taxes (22:15–22)\n        * Jesus debates with the Sadducees about the resurrection (22:23–33)\n        * Jesus debates with a lawyer about the greatest commandment (22:34–40)\n        * Jesus asks the religious leaders about the Christ (22:41–46)\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [22:44](../22/44.md), which is a quote from [Psalm 110:1](../psa/110/01.md).\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### The poll tax\n\nThe word translated “poll tax” refers to a specific amount of money that each adult person had to pay to the government. In Jesus’ time period, the Roman government required Jewish adults to pay a high tax. The Pharisees ask whether this tax that the Roman government required contradicted the law that God gave Moses. Make sure that your readers understand that the Pharisees are asking about a tax that the Roman government required each adult Jewish person to pay.\n\n### A man marrying his brother’s widow\n\nIn [22:23–33](../22/23.md), the Sadducees question Jesus in regard to a hypothetical situation in which a woman marries seven brothers in succession. This situation is based on a command in the Jewish law that can be found in [Deuteronomy 25:5–6](../deu/25/05.md). The law requires a woman who is widowed without children to marry a brother of her late husband. The first child that they have together will be considered the child of the dead man. In this way, that man’s family line would continue. The Sadducees present an extreme application of this law, with seven brothers successively marrying the same woman and dying without having children. They use this example to try to make the idea of resurrection look strange or silly. Make sure that your readers understand the example that the Sadducees present.\n\n### The great commandment\n\nJewish teachers sometimes debated which specific commandment was the greatest or most important one. This was important because, if commandments seemed to contradict each other in a specific situation, the greater one would be the correct one to obey. When the lawyer asks Jesus about “the first and great commandment” in [22:36](../22/36.md), he wants Jesus to offer an opinion about this debate. Make sure that your readers understand that this is what the lawyer is asking about.\n\n### King David and the Christ\n\nIn [22:41–45](../22/41.md), Jesus asks the Pharisees about which important person the Christ is descended from. They give a commonly accepted answer: the Christ is King David’s descendant. Jesus then quotes from [Psalm 110:1](../psa/110/01.md), in which King David, the author of the Psalm, calls God “Lord” but then also calls someone else, the Christ, “my Lord.” Since people in David’s culture called older and more important people “lord,” it does not make sense for David to call his own descendant “Lord.” When Jesus asks about this, he implies that the Christ is indeed King David’s descendant, but he is also more than that. Make sure that this the discussion about calling someone “Lord” is clear to your readers.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in this Chapter\n\n### The Parable of the Wedding Feast\n\nIn [22:1–14](../22/01.md), Jesus tells a story about a king whose son was getting married. He wanted to throw a feast, so he invited important people to come. However, they refused to come and even mistreated the king’s servants. In response, the king punished those people and instead invited many unimportant people whom his servants found. When the king went to visit these guests, he noticed that one of them was not wearing clothing appropriate for a wedding feast. He had him tied up and punished. He applies this parable by indicating that many people are “called” to be part of God’s kingdom but only a few of them are “chosen” to actually do so. In other words, just as the king invited many people to come to the feast, but only a few actually attended, so God invites many people to participate in his kingdom, but only a few actually do so. While you should not explain the meaning more than Jesus does, make sure that your translation fits with what Jesus is illustrating. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\nSingular and plural forms of “you”\n\nMany of the forms of “you” in this chapter appear in speeches that Jesus gives to the Jewish leaders or in things that the king in the parable says to his servants. Because of this, many forms of “you” in this chapter are plural. You should assume forms of “you” are plural unless a note specifies that the form is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])\n\n### Paradox\n\nA paradox is a statement that describes two things that seemingly cannot both be true at the same time. To the Jews, ancestors were greater than their descendants. However, in one psalm David calls one of his descendants “Lord.” Jesus tells the Jewish leaders that this is a paradox, asking, “If David then calls the Christ ‘Lord,’ how is he David’s son?” ([22:45](../22/45.md)). He is trying to lead his hearers to the true understanding that the Christ will be divine, and that he himself is the Christ. So David is speaking to his son, that is, his descendant, as the Christ, and it is appropriate for him to address him as his “Lord.”
22:1	uh33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀποκριθεὶς	1	Here, the word **answering** indicates that Jesus is responding to how the chief priests and the Pharisees wanted to arrest him (see [21:45–46](../21/45.md)). He is not responding to something that they said to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “responding to what they wanted to do” or “in response”
22:1	zy3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the chief priests, the elders, and the Pharisees, with whom Jesus has been talking. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “to the chief priests, the elders, and the Pharisees” or “to the Jewish leaders”
22:1	cjpa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he declared”
22:2	xps3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἀνθρώπῳ	1	To teach the Jewish leaders, Jesus offers a story or illustration. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Listen to this story: the kingdom of the heavens is compared to a man”
22:2	dn02		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὡμοιώθη ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the comparing, it is clear from the context that it is Jesus himself. Alternate translation: “I compare the kingdom of the heavens to” or “The kingdom of the heavens is comparable to”
22:3	cuyz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπέστειλεν τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ, καλέσαι τοὺς κεκλημένους εἰς τοὺς γάμους	1	Here Jesus implies that the king had already sent out invitations and was now sending his servants to let people know that it was time to come to the feast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he invited many guests to the wedding feast. When it was time, he sent out his servants to call the ones having been invited”
22:3	pf8s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	καλέσαι τοὺς κεκλημένους εἰς τοὺς γάμους	1	Here, the phrase **to the wedding feast** could go with: (1) the phrase **had been invited**. Alternate translation: “to call the the ones having been invited to be guests at the wedding feast” (2) the phrase **to call**. Alternate translation: “to call to go to the wedding feast the ones having been invited”
22:3	wur1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τοὺς κεκλημένους	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was king himself. Alternate translation: “the ones that the king had invited”
22:3	c007		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	καὶ	2	Here, the word **and** introduces what actually happened in contrast to what the king wanted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a contrast. Alternate translation: “but”
22:3	npqw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθεῖν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “to go”
22:4	arqx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγων, εἴπατε τοῖς κεκλημένοις, ἰδοὺ, τὸ ἄριστόν μου ἡτοίμακα, οἱ ταῦροί μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα, καὶ πάντα ἕτοιμα; δεῦτε εἰς τοὺς γάμους.	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are not quotations within quotations. Alternate translation: “telling them to say to the ones having been invited that he had prepared his dinner, that his oxen and fattened calves had been killed, and that all things were ready, so they should come to the wedding feast.”
22:4	myes		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	If you keep the direct quotation, consider natural ways of introducing it in your language. Alternate translation: “and he told them”
22:4	c7x4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τοῖς κεκλημένοις	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was king himself. Alternate translation: “the ones that I have invited”
22:4	rnkd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	ἰδοὺ	1	Here, the word **behold** is intended to draw the attention of the people who were invited and asks them to listen carefully. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **behold** with a word or phrase that asks these people to listen. Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention:”
22:4	af2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ ἄριστόν μου ἡτοίμακα	1	Here the king implies that he had his servants prepare the **dinner**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “I have had people prepare my dinner”
22:4	xu4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οἱ ταῦροί μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was the king’s servants. Alternate translation: “My servants have killed my oxen and fattened calves”
22:4	krm5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	οἱ ταῦροί μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ	1	The word **bulls** refers to male cows. The phrase **fattened calves** refers to young cows that were specially fed and taken care of so that they would make good food when they were slaughtered. These animals were valuable and considered to be very good for food. If your readers would not be familiar with these types of animals, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “My male cows and specially fed young cows” or “The special animals that we will eat”
22:4	ro9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τεθυμένα	1	Here the king implies that the **oxen** and **fattened calves** have been slaughtered and prepared for eating. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “have been prepared as food”
22:4	ufjh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	δεῦτε	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “I ask that you come”
22:4	s6sl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	δεῦτε	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “Go” instead of **Come**. Alternate translation: “Go”
22:5	ee04		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what those people did in contrast to what the king asked them to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Despite that,”
22:5	eq7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπῆλθον, ὃς μὲν εἰς τὸν ἴδιον ἀγρόν, ὃς δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν ἐμπορίαν αὐτοῦ	1	Here Jesus gives examples of what some of the people did instead of attending the wedding feast. He does not mean that there were only two people who were invited. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “went away to do other things, like taking care of fields or businesses”
22:5	ery7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τὸν ἴδιον & αὐτοῦ	1	Although the terms **his** and **his** are masculine, Jesus is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “to his or her own … his or her”
22:6	l8tw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces what other guests did in contrast to what some guests did as described in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces that kind of contrast, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In contrast,”
22:6	v5qw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	οἱ & λοιποὶ	1	Jesus is using the adjective **rest** as a noun to mean the rest of the invited guests. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the rest of the guests”
22:6	hooe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὕβρισαν καὶ ἀπέκτειναν	1	Here Jesus implies that some of them mistreated some of the servants, while others killed some of the servants. They did not always mistreat and kill each servant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “mistreated some and killed others”
22:7	f1da		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
22:7	la7s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπώλεσεν τοὺς φονεῖς ἐκείνους, καὶ τὴν πόλιν αὐτῶν ἐνέπρησεν	1	Here Jesus implies that the king had **his soldiers** destroy **those murderers** and burn **their city**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “he had them kill those murders and burn their city”
22:8-9	zemz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγει τοῖς δούλοις αὐτοῦ, ὁ μὲν γάμος ἕτοιμός ἐστιν, οἱ δὲ κεκλημένοι οὐκ ἦσαν ἄξιοι & πορεύεσθε οὖν ἐπὶ τὰς διεξόδους τῶν ὁδῶν, καὶ ὅσους ἐὰν εὕρητε, καλέσατε εἰς τοὺς γάμους	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “he told his servants that the wedding feast was ready, but the ones having been invited were not worthy. So, he commanded them to go to the crossings of the roads and invite as many as they found to teh wedding feast.”
22:8	frei		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
22:8	k98u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οἱ & κεκλημένοι	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was king himself. Alternate translation: “the ones that I had invited”
22:8	y3xo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄξιοι	1	Here the king implies that the people were **not worthy** to attend the wedding feast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “worthy to come” or “worthy to be at the feast”
22:9	sc89		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	πορεύεσθε	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **go**. Alternate translation: “come”
22:9	dq5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰς διεξόδους τῶν ὁδῶν	1	Here, the phrase **the crossings of the roads** could refer to: (1) the places where roads cross other **roads**. Alternate translation: “the street crossings” (2) the places where **roads** from the city cross into the country. Alternate translation: “where the roads leave the city”
22:10	f0k0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξελθόντες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come out”
22:10	uva7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πονηρούς τε καὶ ἀγαθούς	1	Jesus is using the adjectives **evil** and **good** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “both evil people and good people”
22:10	c6ph		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐπλήσθη ὁ γάμος ἀνακειμένων	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those reclining to eat filled the wedding”
22:10	fy3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ γάμος	1	Here, **wedding** represents the place where the wedding celebration would take place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “place for the wedding”
22:10	gurp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀνακειμένων	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would usually recline, or lay on one side, when they were eating. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the position in which people eat in your culture, or you could just refer to eating. Alternate translation: “with those sitting down to eat” or “with those ready to eat”
22:11	bnwu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
22:11	rrin		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	εἰσελθὼν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “gone” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “having gone in”
22:11	a98v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοὺς ἀνακειμένους	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would usually recline, or lay on one side, when they were eating. See how you expressed the idea in [22:10](../22/10.md). Alternate translation: “the ones sitting down to eat” or “the ones ready to eat”
22:11	o5fi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἔνδυμα γάμου	1	The phrase **wedding clothes** refers to nice or special clothing that people would wear to weddings. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of clothing, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “appropriate clothes” or “the correct clothing”
22:12	tjej		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγει αὐτῷ, ἑταῖρε, πῶς εἰσῆλθες ὧδε μὴ ἔχων ἔνδυμα γάμου?	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and asked him politely how he came in that place, not having wedding clothes.”
22:12	ld9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
22:12	c7iy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πῶς εἰσῆλθες ὧδε μὴ ἔχων ἔνδυμα γάμου?	1	The king is using the question form to rebuke the man who was not wearing wedding clothes. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “it was wrong for you to come in here, not having wedding clothes.” or “you should never have come in here, not having wedding clothes!”
22:12	vm69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	εἰσῆλθες	1	Here, the word **you** is singular because the king is speaking to one of the wedding guests.
22:12	vrwy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	εἰσῆλθες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of **come**. Alternate translation: “did you go in”
22:12	si4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἔνδυμα γάμου	1	The phrase **wedding clothes** refers to nice or special clothing that people would wear to weddings. Express the idea as you did in [22:11](../22/11.md). Alternate translation: “appropriate clothes” or “the correct clothing”
22:13	eirl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ὁ βασιλεὺς εἶπεν τοῖς διακόνοις, δήσαντες αὐτοῦ πόδας καὶ χεῖρας, ἐκβάλετε αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον; ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “the king commanded his servants to bind his feet and hands and to throw him out into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and grinding of the teeth.”
22:13	tzhp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον; ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων	1	Here, the clause **where there will be weeping and grinding of the teeth** could be: (1) something that **the king** says. Alternate translation: “into the outer darkness, which is where there will be weeping and grinding of the teeth.’” (2) something that Jesus adds in comment. Alternate translation: “into the outer darkness.’ That is where there will be weeping and grinding of the teeth.”
22:13	olin		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον	1	Here, the phrase the **outer darkness** refers to a place of punishment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. If possible, preserve the idea of darkness. See how you expressed the similar idea in [8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “into the dark place of punishment”
22:13	rpy8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **darkness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the dark place outside”
22:13	s9ge		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would grind their teeth when they experienced anger, grief, and pain. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to an action with comparable meaning or state the meaning of this action plainly. See how you expressed this phrase in [8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “beating of breasts” or “grinding of the teeth in anger and pain”\n
22:14	yz5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γάρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces Jesus’ explanation of the story he has just told. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation. Alternate translation: “Here is what I mean:” or “What that parable illustrates is that”
22:14	hy3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πολλοὶ & εἰσιν κλητοὶ, ὀλίγοι δὲ ἐκλεκτοί	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is God. Alternate translation: “God calls many, but he chooses few”
22:14	oure		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πολλοὶ & ὀλίγοι	1	Matthew is using the adjectives **many** and **few** as nouns to mean many people and few people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “many people … few people”
22:14	etql		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κλητοὶ & ἐκλεκτοί	1	Here Jesus implies that people are **called** and **chosen** to enter into God’s kingdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “called to enter God’s kingdom … chosen to enter it”
22:14	py1n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ὀλίγοι & ἐκλεκτοί	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “few are chosen”
22:15	y826		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	τότε	1	Here, the word **Then** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Then** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Later on,” or “Sometime later,”
22:15	gqv1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	πορευθέντες	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “come” instead of **gone**. Alternate translation: “having come”
22:15	m6tv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	συμβούλιον ἔλαβον	1	Here, the phrase **took counsel** indicates that the Pharisees were working together to figure something out. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the similar phrase in [12:14](../12/14.md). Alternate translation: “made plans concerning” or “came up with ideas for”
22:15	u2mj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	αὐτὸν παγιδεύσωσιν	1	Matthew is speaking as if the Pharisees wanted to catch Jesus in a trap. He means that they wanted to get Jesus to say something that would allow them to accuse him of doing wrong. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they might catch him” or “they might cause him to make an error”
22:15	assh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν λόγῳ	1	Here, **word** represents something said in words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in his speech”
22:15	z068		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν λόγῳ	1	Here, the phrase **in word** could refer to things spoken by: (1) Jesus. Alternate translation: “in his words” (2) the Pharisees. Alternate translation: “with their words”
22:16	hhne		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	ἀποστέλλουσιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “they sent”
22:16	rf66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τῶν Ἡρῳδιανῶν	1	The **Herodians** were a group of people who supported the ruler Herod Antipas. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a short phrase to describe them. Alternate translation: “people who wanted King Herod to continue to rule”
22:16	eae4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντας	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
22:16	ku5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	εἶ & διδάσκεις & σοι & οὐ & βλέπεις	1	Throughout this verse, the word **you** is singular because the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees are speaking to Jesus.
22:16	v1tf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Here, the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees are using the possessive form to describe a **way** that **God** desires or approves of. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the way that pleases God”
22:16	fspk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Here Jesus uses the word **way** to refer to behavior in life. More specifically, he means that this behavior pleases **God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “behavior that pleases God”
22:16	z92l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν ἀληθείᾳ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “in a truthful way”
22:16	kaec		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὐ μέλει σοι περὶ οὐδενός, οὐ γὰρ βλέπεις εἰς πρόσωπον ἀνθρώπων	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “since you do not look at the face of men, it is not a concern to you about anyone”
22:16	q5c0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὐ μέλει σοι περὶ οὐδενός	1	The Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees use this clause to say that Jesus does not care what others think and say about him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you do not concern yourself with the opinions of others” or “you are not influenced by what others think of you”
22:16	yrh2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μέλει σοι περὶ οὐδενός	1	The words translated **not** and **anyone** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “it is a concern to you about no one”
22:16	wl4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	οὐ μέλει σοι	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **concern**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “nothing concerns you”
22:16	t2qa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὐ γὰρ βλέπεις εἰς πρόσωπον ἀνθρώπων	1	Here, to **look at the face of men** refers to making decisions about how to treat people based on how they appear. People who **look at the face of men** treat wealthy and important people differently than they treat poor and unimportant people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for you do not judge men by appearances” or “for you do not treat people based on what they look like”
22:16	wr6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees are using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “of humans”
22:17	wez5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Here, the word **Therefore** introduces what the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees want to ask because of what they have claimed to think about Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of question, or you could leave **Therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “So then” or “Since you teach that way”
22:17	e37e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	εἰπὲ & ἡμῖν, τί σοι δοκεῖ?	1	The Herodians and the Pharisees are using the question form to get the attention of Jesus. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “tell us what you think.” or “tell us what you think!”
22:17	bl2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	εἰπὲ	1	This is an imperative, but it should be translated as a polite request rather than as a command. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “we ask that you tell”
22:17	r4d4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	εἰπὲ & σοι	1	Here, the imperative and the word **you** are singular because the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees are speaking to Jesus.
22:17	uptu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔξεστιν	1	Here, the word **lawful** could be referring to: (1) whether something is permitted by the Jewish law that God gave to Moses. Alternate translation: “Does the law that God gave to Moses permit us” (2) whether something is generally right or wrong. Alternate translation: “Is it right” or “Is it appropriate”
22:17	a9by		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Καίσαρι	1	Here, **Caesar** represents the Roman leaders and government in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the Roman leaders” or “to the Roman empire”
22:17	i2n1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὔ	1	The Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “is it not lawful to do so”
22:18	ezn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
22:18	gwkp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν πονηρίαν αὐτῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wickedness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that they were acting wickedly”
22:18	a2ti		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί με πειράζετε, ὑποκριταί?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I know that you are testing me, hypocrites.” or “Stop testing me, hypocrites!”
22:19	ostd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸ νόμισμα τοῦ κήνσου	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe a **coin** that is used to pay **the poll tax**. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the coin used to pay the poll tax”
22:19	h17x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οἱ	1	The pronoun **they** refers to the people who were there, more specifically the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “the disciples of the Pharisees and the Herodians” or “the people there”
22:19	cie7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	δηνάριον	1	A **denarius** was a silver coin equivalent to about one day’s wage for a hired worker. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. Alternate translation: “a silver coin” or “a coin worth one day’s wage”
22:20	bfx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
22:20	ue7j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** refers to the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “to the Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees”
22:20	sytf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἡ εἰκὼν αὕτη καὶ ἡ ἐπιγραφή	1	In Jesus’ culture, when governments made coins, they would usually put the face of the king or leader on one side, and they would usually have writing on the coin that honored that king or leader. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this practice more explicit. Alternate translation: “face and words of honor did the Roman government stamp on this coin”
22:20	crby		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἡ ἐπιγραφή	1	Here, the word **inscription** refers to a few words carved or pressed into a hard surface. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of writing, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “writing” or “written message”
22:21	w1k5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν & λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said & he said”
22:21	oydy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Καίσαρος	1	The Herodians and the disciples of the Pharisees are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “The image and inscription are Caesar’s”
22:21	juhz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Καίσαρος	1	Here the fact that the image and inscription on the coin are **Caesar’s** implies that they were created by the empire that Caesar ruled, the Roman empire. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “They are of Caesar, the man who rules the Roman empire”
22:21	pi3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι	1	Here, **Caesar** represents the Roman leaders and government in general. See how you translated this word in [22:17](../22/17.md), but make sure that the connection to the answer **Caesar’s** earlier in the verse is clear. Alternate translation: “the things of the Roman leaders to the Roman leaders” or “the things of the Roman empire to the Roman empire”
22:21	eseu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῷ Θεῷ	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and give back the things of God to God”
22:22	vek6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἀπῆλθαν	1	In a context such as this, your language might say “came” instead of **went**. Alternate translation: “they came away”
22:23	wqg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ	1	The phrase **On that day** indicates that this event happened later that same day, after the previous event that Matthew described. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces an event that happened later on the same day. Alternate translation: “Later on, during that same day,”
22:23	pmq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ προσῆλθον αὐτῷ Σαδδουκαῖοι λέγοντες, μὴ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν, καὶ ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν	1	Matthew is here introducing the **Sadducees** as new participants in the story. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “On that day some people approached him. They were Sadducees, who are a group who say that there is no resurrection. They questioned him”
22:23	scbc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ προσῆλθον αὐτῷ Σαδδουκαῖοι λέγοντες, μὴ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν	1	Here Matthew provides background information about the **Sadducees** that will help readers understand what happens next. Use a natural form in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Now the Sadducees teach that there is no resurrection. On that day, some of them approached him”
22:23	p6nm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μὴ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **resurrection**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “that people do not resurrect”
22:24	bw5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
22:24	xl5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	Μωϋσῆς εἶπεν, ἐάν τις ἀποθάνῃ μὴ ἔχων τέκνα, ἐπιγαμβρεύσει ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀναστήσει σπέρμα τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Moses said that if someone has died, not having children, his brother will marry his wife and will raise up seed for his brother.”
22:24	t9ds		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	Μωϋσῆς εἶπεν	1	Here, the Sadducees introduce a summary of a section of an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Deuteronomy (see [Deuteronomy 25:5–6](../deu/25/05.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that the Sadducees are summarizing an important text. Alternate translation: “Moses wrote in the book of Deuteronomy” or “Moses declared in the Law”
22:24	xe1x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ἐάν τις ἀποθάνῃ μὴ ἔχων τέκνα, ἐπιγαμβρεύσει ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ	1	Here **Moses** uses an imaginary situation to show what should happen when that kind of situation actually happens. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose that someone has died, not having children. Then, his brother will marry”
22:24	n3yu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐπιγαμβρεύσει ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀναστήσει σπέρμα τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ	1	Here **Moses** required that, when a man’s brother died without having any children even though he was married, the man had to marry his brother’s widow. The first child that they had would be considered offspring of the man’s deceased brother. That way, the deceased brother’s family line could continue. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit in your translation, or you could include some of this information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “his brother will marry the widow and will raise up seed with her. The first child will continue the dead man’s family line”
22:24	id3b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	ἐπιγαμβρεύσει ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀναστήσει	1	The author of the quotation is using the future form to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea using a form that expresses a command or obligation. Alternate translation: “his brother must marry his wife and must raise up”
22:24	lnv3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀναστήσει σπέρμα	1	Here, the author of the quotation is speaking of having a child as if it were raising up **seed**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will produce offspring”
22:25	kfom		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next topic that the Sadducees want to talk about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Now”
22:25	avsm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ἦσαν & παρ’ ἡμῖν ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοί; καὶ ὁ πρῶτος	1	Here the Sadducees use an imaginary situation to set up a question they want to ask Jesus. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “imagine a family with seven brothers. The first”
22:25	njdt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ὁ πρῶτος	1	The Sadducees are using the number **first** as a noun to mean the first brother. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the first brother”
22:25	ag5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	ὁ πρῶτος	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here. Alternate translation: “brother number one”
22:25	bqah		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καὶ μὴ ἔχων σπέρμα, ἀφῆκεν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ	1	Here the Sadducees are indicating that the dead man’s brother married the widow, as Moses commanded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “And since he did not have seed, his brother married his wife to produce seed for him”
22:25	t9n0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σπέρμα	1	Here, the Sadducees are speaking of offspring as if they were **seed**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “offspring”
22:26	ru81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ὁ δεύτερος, καὶ ὁ τρίτος, ἕως τῶν ἑπτά,	1	The Sadducees are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Likewise also, the second and the third died without having seed and left her to a brother, until the seven had done so”
22:26	pnf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ὁ δεύτερος & ὁ τρίτος & τῶν ἑπτά	1	The Sadducees are using the numbers **second**, **third**, and **seven** as nouns to mean various brothers. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “the second brother … the third brother … the seven brothers”
22:26	r6bq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	ὁ δεύτερος & ὁ τρίτος	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use cardinal numbers here or equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “brother number two … brother number three”
22:26	qujm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕως τῶν ἑπτά,	1	Here the Sadducees imply that all **seven** brothers had married the woman and died without having children. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “until this had happened to all seven”
22:27	t7md		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πάντων	1	The Sadducees are using the adjective **all** as a noun to mean all the people they have mentioned. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of all those people”
22:28	s743		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει	1	The Sadducees did not actually believe that there would be a **resurrection**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the supposed resurrection” or “if there is a resurrection”
22:28	pbc0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **resurrection**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when people resurrect”
22:28	mx5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῶν ἑπτὰ	1	The Sadducees are using the number **seven** as a noun to mean the seven brother. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of the seven brothers”
22:28	r1lb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces a reason why the Sadducees ask their question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a reason or basis for a question, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “We ask this question because” or “This is a problem, since”
22:28	broq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πάντες & ἔσχον αὐτήν	1	Here the Sadducees imply that all the brothers **had** the woman as a wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “they all had her as a wife”
22:29	e2t4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	πλανᾶσθε, μὴ εἰδότες τὰς Γραφὰς, μηδὲ τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses, since the second clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “Because you do not know the Scriptures or the power of God, you are being led astray”
22:29	p1ae		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πλανᾶσθε	1	Jesus is speaking as if the Sadducees have literally been **led astray** or conducted down the wrong path. He means that they have been deceived. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You are being deceived”
22:29	xkvg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πλανᾶσθε	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, it is clear from the context that it is they themselves. Alternate translation: “You are going astray” or “You are leading yourselves astray”
22:29	dax6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **power**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the powerful things that God can do”
22:30	c44u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	γὰρ	1	Here, the word **For** introduces an explanation of how the Sadducees have been “led astray” (see [22:29](../22/29.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces an explanation, or you could leave **For** untranslated. Alternate translation: “In fact,” or “What you should know is that”
22:30	na4o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν & τῇ ἀναστάσει	1	Here Jesus could be referring to: (1) the period of time that will begin at **the resurrection**. Alternate translation: “once the resurrection happens” (2) the moment of **resurrection** itself. Alternate translation: “at the moment of resurrection”
22:30	ygr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν & τῇ ἀναστάσει	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **resurrection**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when people resurrect”
22:30	mrjb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὔτε γαμοῦσιν οὔτε γαμίζονται	1	In Jesus’ culture, it was customary to talk about men marrying and women being **given in marriage**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “men do not marry and women are not given in marriage” or “men and women do not get married”
22:30	uaj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οὔτε γαμοῦσιν & εἰσιν	1	The pronouns **they** and **they** refer to everyone who participates in the **resurrection**. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “men and women neither marry … men and women are”
22:30	qkv1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γαμίζονται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, Jesus implies that it is the people’s parents. Alternate translation: “do their parents give them in marriage”
22:30	jrgf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	γαμίζονται	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **marriage**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “are they married”
22:30	fzgf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὡς ἄγγελοι ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ εἰσιν	1	Jesus is saying that people **in the resurrection** are like **angels** because neither of them **marry**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “they are like angels in heaven, since they too do not marry”
22:31-32	d4sp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑμῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ λέγοντος & ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰακώβ?	1	Jesus is using the question form to rebuke and teach the Sadducees. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I know that you have read what was spoken to you by God, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’” or “Surely you have read what was spoken to you by God, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’!”\n
22:31	kmwd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	περὶ δὲ τῆς ἀναστάσεως τῶν νεκρῶν, οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε	1	Here, the phrase **But concerning** introduces the next topic that Jesus wants to talk about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next topic. Alternate translation: “Next, I will talk about the resurrection of the dead. Have you not read”
22:31	foao		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῆς ἀναστάσεως τῶν νεκρῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **resurrection**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “when the dead resurrect”
22:31	essh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῶν νεκρῶν	1	Jesus is using the adjective **dead** as a noun in order to refer to people who are dead. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “of the dead people” or “of the corpses”
22:31	ljj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑμῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “what God spoke to you”
22:31	b9sy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ λέγοντος	1	Here, Jesus introduces a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Exodus (see [Exodus 3:6](../exo/03/06.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “by God in the book of Exodus” or “by God in the Scriptures when he said”
22:32	zwbp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰακώβ	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation, with no comma at the end of verse 31: “that he is the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?”
22:32	o9m0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰακώβ	1	Here, the author of the quotation is using the possessive form to describe **the God** whom **Abraham**, **Isaac**, and **Jacob** worship. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the God that Abraham honors, and the God that Isaac honors, and the God that Jacob honors”
22:32	qbyp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ Θεὸς νεκρῶν, ἀλλὰ ζώντων	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “God is not the God of the dead, but he is the God of the living”
22:32	wlyh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ Θεὸς νεκρῶν, ἀλλὰ ζώντων	1	Here Jesus implies that, although **Abraham**, **Isaac**, and **Jacob** had already died by the time God spoke these words, God still called himself their God. Since **God is not of the dead, but of the living**, this means that **Abraham**, **Isaac**, and **Jacob** must be alive again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “God is not of the dead, but of the living, so Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob must live again after they died”
22:32	o6vg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	οὐκ & νεκρῶν, ἀλλὰ ζώντων	1	If your language would not naturally put the negative statement before the positive statement, you could reverse the two phrases here. Alternate translation: “of the living, not of the dead”
22:32	gl0w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	νεκρῶν, ἀλλὰ ζώντων	1	Here, Jesus is using the possessive form to describe the **God** whom **the living**, not **the dead**, worship. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “honored by the dead, but by the living”
22:32	t7lv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	νεκρῶν & ζώντων	1	Jesus is using the adjectives **dead** and **living** as nouns to mean people who are dead and living. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “of dead people … of living people”
22:33	bqq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀκούσαντες, οἱ ὄχλοι ἐξεπλήσσοντο ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that it was what Jesus taught. Alternate translation: “what the crowds heard Jesus teach astonished them”
22:34	yty3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
22:34	ide0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo	συνήχθησαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό	1	The expression **gathered together at the same place** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “gathered together” or “came to one place”
22:34	eazc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	συνήχθησαν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό	1	Here Matthew implies that the Pharisees **gathered together** and then went to where Jesus was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “gathered together at the same place and approached Jesus”
22:35	ud5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	καὶ ἐπηρώτησεν εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν, νομικὸς	1	Here Matthew introduces **a lawyer** who is a Pharisee as a new character in the story. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a new character. Alternate translation: “One of them was a lawyer. He questioned him”
22:35	rpk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	νομικὸς	1	A **lawyer** an expert in the law of Moses and its application to various situations. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of profession, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “a man who studied the Jewish law”
22:35	v2ve		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἐπηρώτησεν & πειράζων αὐτόν	1	Here, the word **testing** introduces the purpose for which the **lawyer** questioned Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces a purpose. Alternate translation: “questioned him with the goal of testing him”
22:36	lvaw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐντολὴ μεγάλη	1	Here, the lawyer is asking about which **commandment** is the greatest one out of all the commandments. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “the greatest commandment”
22:37	c1sf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	δὲ	1	Here, the word **But** introduces the next thing that happened. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **But** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then”
22:37	vpwp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἀγαπήσεις Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ διανοίᾳ σου	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “The great commandment is to love the Lord God with one’s whole heart, and with one’s whole soul, and with one’s whole mind”
22:37	fynh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἀγαπήσεις Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου	1	Here Jesus begins to quote from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Deuteronomy (see [Deuteronomy 6:5](../deu/06/05.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “In Deuteronomy you can read, ‘You will love the Lord your God” or “Here is that commandment: ‘You will love the Lord your God”\n
22:37	sw69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἀγαπήσεις & σου & σου & σου & σου	1	Since in this command God is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the words **You** and **your** are singular throughout this verse.
22:37	qfc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου	1	Here, the author of the quotation is using the possessive form to describe **the God** whom the people of Israel worship. If this is not clear in your language, you could express the idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the Lord whom you honor”
22:37	hdvt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	ἀγαπήσεις	1	The author of the quotation is using the future form to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea using a form that expresses a command or obligation. Alternate translation: “You should love” or “You must love”
22:37	uyxy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου, καὶ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ διανοίᾳ σου	1	Here, the author of the quotation is referring to all of a human being by naming multiple parts of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with all of who you are” or “with your entire being”
22:37	xl3e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ σου	1	In Matthew’s culture, the **heart** is the place where humans think and feel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate **heart** by referring to the place where humans think and feel in your culture or by expressing the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “with all your desires” or “with all your feelings”
22:37	g0mt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ σου	1	Here, **soul** represents a person’s life with special focus on that person’s identity and actions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with everything you are” or “with all your inclinations”
22:38	q8j3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	μεγάλη καὶ πρώτη	1	The terms **great** and **first** mean similar things. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “greatest”
22:38	z0o4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	πρώτη	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “number one”
22:39	xk1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	δευτέρα	1	Jesus is using the number **second** as a noun to mean a second commandment. Your language may use numbers in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a second commandment”
22:39	s5ws		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	δευτέρα	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “number two”
22:39	hqmi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁμοία αὐτῇ	1	Here, phrase **like it** could indicate that this **second** commandment is: (1) similar in content. Alternate translation: “requires something similar” (2) similar in importance. Alternate translation: “is just as great”
22:39	mt9o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ὁμοία αὐτῇ, ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “is like it—to love one’s neighbor as oneself.”
22:39	qp04		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου	1	Here Jesus begins to quote from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Leviticus (see [Leviticus 19:18](../lev/19/18.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “as you can read in the book of Leviticus, ‘You will love your neighbor” or “it says in the law, ‘You will love your neighbor”
22:39	pj76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ἀγαπήσεις & σου & σεαυτόν	1	Since in this command God is addressing each specific person who is part of God’s people, the words **You** and **your** and **yourself** are singular.
22:39	gue7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	ἀγαπήσεις	1	The author of the quotation is using the future form to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea using a form that expresses a command or obligation. Alternate translation: “You should love” or “You must love”
22:39	jlxz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ὡς σεαυτόν	1	The author of the quotation is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “as you love yourself”
22:39	lgo8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὡς σεαυτόν	1	The author of the quotation assumes that people love themselves, so he wants these people to love their neighbors just as much. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “as deeply as yourself”
22:40	qyn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐν ταύταις ταῖς δυσὶν ἐντολαῖς, ὅλος ὁ νόμος κρέμαται καὶ οἱ προφῆται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The whole Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments”
22:40	r9ca		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐν ταύταις ταῖς δυσὶν ἐντολαῖς, ὅλος ὁ νόμος κρέμαται καὶ οἱ προφῆται	1	**the whole Law and the Prophets** depend upon or are based upon **these two commandments**.\n\n\nHere Jesus speaks as if **these two commandments** were hooks upon which **the whole Law and the Prophets** hang. He could mean that: (1) **the whole Law and the Prophets** depend upon and elaborate **these two commandments**. Alternate translation: “The whole Law and the Prophets elaborate on just these two commandments” (2) **these two commandments** summarize **the whole Law and the Prophets**. Alternate translation: “These two commandments summarize the whole Law and the Prophets”
22:40	ub75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὅλος ὁ νόμος & καὶ οἱ προφῆται	1	The word **Law** is the name for one part of the Hebrew Scriptures, and the word **Prophets** is the name for another part of the Hebrew Scriptures. Show this in your translation in the way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all the Scriptures, both the Law and the Prophets”
22:40	jh0p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	οἱ προφῆται	1	Here, the word **Prophets** represents what the prophets said and wrote. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the writings of the prophets”
22:41	pj4a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	Here, the word **Now** introduces the next major event in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces the next event, or you could leave **Now** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Then,”
22:41	foa1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	συνηγμένων	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the action, it is clear from the context that **the Pharisees** themselves did it. Alternate translation: “having gathered together”
22:42	bij3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and he said”
22:42	u9tq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ?	1	Jesus is using the question form to get the attention of the Pharisees and to bring up the topic of **the Christ**. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I am going to ask you what you think about the Christ.” or “Tell me what you think about the Christ!”
22:42	xlf8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τίνος υἱός ἐστιν	1	Here, the word **son** means a male descendant. Jesus is asking about an important ancestor of **the Christ**, not the direct father of **the Christ**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Whose descendant is he” or “From whom is he descended”
22:42	g0d6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγουσιν	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “They said”
22:42	xhwj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	τοῦ Δαυείδ	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “He is David’s son”
22:43-44	cu3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure	πῶς οὖν Δαυεὶδ ἐν Πνεύματι καλεῖ Κύριον αὐτὸν λέγων & εἶπεν Κύριος τῷ Κυρίῳ μου, κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου, ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν σου?	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could end the question earlier and introduce the quotation as evidence or support for the question. Alternate translation: “How then does David in the Spirit call him Lord? He called him that when he said, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right, until I put your enemies under your feet.”’”
22:43-44	sa0f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγων & εἶπεν Κύριος τῷ Κυρίῳ μου, κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου, ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν σου?	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there are no quotations within quotations. If you use the following alternate translation, remove the quotation marks at the end of verse 44. Alternate translation: “saying that the Lord told his Lord to sit at his right hand until he puts his enemies under his feet”
22:43	hdt0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “He said”
22:43	h07z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πῶς οὖν Δαυεὶδ ἐν Πνεύματι καλεῖ Κύριον αὐτὸν	1	In Jesus’ culture, people would not call any of their descendants **Lord**, since this title was used for people who were more important or older. Jesus question assumes this practice. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make it more explicit. Alternate translation: “Then, since no one calls his son Lord, how does David in the Spirit call him Lord”
22:43	jbed		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	πῶς οὖν	1	Here, the word **then** introduces an question based on the fact that the Messiah is the “son” of David (see [22:42](../22/42.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of question, or you could leave **then** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Given that, how” or “Because of that, how”
22:43	qqg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense	Δαυεὶδ ἐν Πνεύματι καλεῖ	1	In many languages, it is conventional to use the present tense to describe what a writer does within a composition. However, if that would not be natural in your language, you could use the past tense here. Alternate translation: “did David in the Spirit call”
22:43	yu5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Δαυεὶδ ἐν Πνεύματι	1	Here, the phrase **in the Spirit** indicates that **David** called the Messiah Lord as **the Spirit** inspired him. In other words, **the Spirit** prompted David to say this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make that idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “David, by the inspiration of the Spirit,” or “David, prompted by the Spirit,”\n
22:43	gagv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτὸν	1	The pronoun **him** refers to the Christ. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's title here. Alternate translation: “the Christ”
22:43	ai8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγων	1	Here Jesus introduces a quotation from an important text, in this case, the Old Testament book of Psalms (see [Psalm 110:1](../psa/110/01.md)). This Psalm was written by **David**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “as you can read in the book of Psalms” or “writing in the Scriptures”
22:44	k3f7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἶπεν Κύριος τῷ Κυρίῳ μου	1	Here, the term **Lord** does not refer to the same person in both instances. The first instance refers to God. The second instance refers to a person whom David respectfully calls “lord.” The ULT and UST capitalize this second instance of the word because it refers to the Messiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make those ideas more explicit. Alternate translation: “God, the Lord, said to my Lord” or “God said to my Lord”
22:44	dz2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου	1	When someone sits at God’s **right hand**, it symbolizes that person’s honor, authority, and ability to rule. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this idea more explicit. Alternate translation: “Sit to rule at my right hand” or “Take the place of honor and authority at my right hand”
22:44	hxut		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	κάθου & σου & σου	1	Here, the imperative and the words **your** and **your** are singular because God is speaking to the Messiah.
22:44	as2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐκ δεξιῶν μου	1	Here, the phrase **at my right hand** refers to the place next to a person’s **right hand**, which would be the “right side.” In the author’s culture, this side was associated with honor or authority. If it would be helpful in your language, you could refer to the “right side.” Make sure that your readers understand that this side indicates that the **Lord** has honor and authority when he sits there. Alternate translation: “at my right side” or “at the honorable place next to me”
22:44	e59n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἕως ἂν θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν σου	1	In the author’s culture, to **put** people under a person’s **feet** indicates that those people have been conquered and are powerless and shamed. So, this means that God will conquer and shame all the enemies of the **Lord**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could explain what this action means. Alternate translation: “until I make your enemies kneel before you” or “until I conquer and shame your enemies”
22:45	nzyo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	εἰ οὖν Δαυεὶδ	1	Here, the word **therefore** introduces what Jesus wants to ask based on what he has just quoted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase that introduces this kind of question, or you could leave **therefore** untranslated. Alternate translation: “Because of that, if David” or “Given that, if David”
22:45	wshs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact	εἰ	1	Jesus speaks as if this were a hypothetical situation, but he means that it must be true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Jesus is saying is uncertain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Because”
22:45	sd0i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῦ ἐστιν	1	The pronoun **he** refers to the Messiah, and the pronoun **his** refers to David. If this is not clear for your readers, you could refer to these people more directly. Alternate translation: “is the Messiah David’s”
22:45	kn51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	υἱὸς αὐτοῦ	1	Here, the word **son** means a male descendant. Jesus is not asking about the direct son of David. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you expressed the idea in [22:42](../22/42.md). Alternate translation: “his descendant” or “descended from him”
22:46	as3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἀποκριθῆναι αὐτῷ λόγον	1	Matthew is using the term **word** to mean something spoken in words. The phrase **answer him a word** refers to using words to answer Jesus’ question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to give an answer” or “to answer him in any way”
22:46	i3km		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐδὲ ἐτόλμησέν τις ἀπ’ ἐκείνης τῆς ἡμέρας ἐπερωτῆσαι αὐτὸν οὐκέτι	1	The words translated **nor** and **any longer** are two negative words. In this construction, the second negative does not cancel the first to create a positive meaning. Instead, it gives greater emphasis to the negative. If your language can use two negatives that do not cancel one another to create a positive meaning, you could use a double negative here. If your language does not use two negatives in that way, you could translate with one negative, as the ULT does. Alternate translation: “and people no longer dared from that day to question him”
22:46	a4yx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀπ’ ἐκείνης τῆς ἡμέρας	1	Here, the phrase **from that day** indicates that nobody questioned Jesus after he said what Matthew recorded in the previous verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “starting right then” or “from that moment on”
23:intro	m99i				0	# Matthew 23 General Notes\n\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\n\n10. Jesus teaches about the final judgment and salvation (23:1-25:46)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Hypocrites\n\nJesus calls the Pharisees “hypocrites” many times in verses13–29. He carefully explains why he calls them that. The Pharisees made rules that no one could actually obey, and then they persuaded the ordinary people that they were guilty because they could not obey those rules. Also, the Pharisees obeyed their own rules instead of obeying God’s original commands in the law of Moses.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Name-calling\n\nIn most cultures, it is wrong to insult people. The Pharisees took many of the words in this chapter as insults. Jesus called them “hypocrites,” “blind guides,” “fools,” and “serpents.” But Jesus used these words not as insults but as warnings that God would surely punish the Pharisees because they were doing wrong.\n\n### Paradox\n\nA paradox is a statement that describes two things that seemingly cannot both be true at the same time. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, “He who is greatest among you will be your servant” ([23:11-12](../23/11.md)).
23:1	skq4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	τότε	1	The word translated **Then** at the beginning of this phrase indicates that this event happened after the previous event that the story described. Alternate translation: “After this,”
23:2	dnu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐπὶ τῆς Μωϋσέως καθέδρας ἐκάθισαν	1	Jesus is using the phrase **seat of Moses** to mean having the authority that Moses had. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have the authority that Moses had”
23:4	xce6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	δεσμεύουσιν δὲ φορτία βαρέα καὶ δυσβάστακτα, καὶ ἐπιτιθέασιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὤμους τῶν ἀνθρώπων; αὐτοὶ δὲ τῷ δακτύλῳ αὐτῶν οὐ θέλουσιν κινῆσαι αὐτά	1	Jesus is speaking as if the Pharisees were literally putting **loads, heavy and difficult to carry** on people’s **shoulders**. He means that they are making people try to obey many difficult laws. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could express the meaning as a comparison. Alternate translation: “They make you obey many difficult laws as if they were binding up heavy loads and putting them on your shoulders. But they do not obey the same laws, and so it is as if they are not helping to carry those loads”
23:5	nw4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πρὸς τὸ θεαθῆναι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in order for men to see them”
23:5	eqai		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τοῖς ἀνθρώποις	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “by people”
23:5	gcv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	φυλακτήρια	1	The term **phylacteries** describes small leather boxes containing papers with scriptures written on them. If it would be helpful, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “devotional boxes containing scriptures”
23:5	h2qj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὰ κράσπεδα	1	Here, **tassels** refers to decorative fringes that Jewish men would attach to the hems of their robes to show that they were devoted to God. Your language and culture may have a term for this igdm that you can use in your translation.
23:7	cbe8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	καλεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, Ῥαββεί	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to have men call them ‘Rabbi’”
23:7	a7pj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	See how you translated **men** in [23:5](../23/05.md).
23:8	uk5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὑμεῖς δὲ μὴ κληθῆτε	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But you should not have people call you”
23:8	wjmr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὑμεῖς δὲ μὴ κληθῆτε Ῥαββεί; εἷς γάρ ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ καθηγητὴς, πάντες δὲ ὑμεῖς ἀδελφοί ἐστε	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Since your teacher is one, and since you are all brothers, you should not be called ‘Rabbi’”
23:8	uqwi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	εἷς & ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ καθηγητὴς	1	Jesus is using the adjective **one** as a noun to mean one person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “one person is your teacher”
23:8	s5du		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὑμεῖς ἀδελφοί ἐστε	1	Here, Jesus says **brothers** to be mean fellow believers. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are all fellow believers”
23:9	xcou		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	Πατέρα μὴ καλέσητε ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; εἷς γάρ ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ οὐράνιος	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Since you have one heavenly father, you should not call any of you on the earth ‘father’”
23:9	l33f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Πατέρα μὴ καλέσητε ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς;	1	Jesus says **you should not call any of you on the earth ‘father’** here as a generalization for emphasis. He is not saying that you cannot call your biological father ‘father’, but he is saying that you cannot use father as a title to honor someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “you should not call someone ‘father’ as a title to honor him”
23:9	kcrt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	εἷς & ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ οὐράνιος	1	See how you translated **one** in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “one person is your heavenly Father”
23:9	any8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ οὐράνιος	1	**Father** is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. Be sure to retain this title in your translation.
23:10	q59s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	μηδὲ κληθῆτε Καθηγηταί; ὅτι καθηγητὴς ὑμῶν ἐστιν εἷς, ὁ Χριστός	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “since your teacher is one, the Christ, you should not be called ‘teacher’”
23:10	b8ua		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μηδὲ κληθῆτε	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you should not have people call you”
23:10	lp5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	καθηγητὴς ὑμῶν ἐστιν εἷς, ὁ Χριστός	1	Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “I, the Messiah, am your only teacher”
23:11	d62b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ὁ & μείζων	1	Jesus is using the adjective **greatest** as a noun to mean the greatest person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the greatest person”
23:11	d9xw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	ὑμῶν	1	Here, **you** is plural and refers to Jesus’ followers, so use the plural form of “you” if your language marks that distinction.
23:12	e81r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ταπεινωθήσεται	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “God will humble him”
23:12	uz88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὑψωθήσεται	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “God will exalt him”
23:13	ts6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὅτι κλείετε τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων; ὑμεῖς γὰρ οὐκ εἰσέρχεσθε, οὐδὲ τοὺς εἰσερχομένους ἀφίετε εἰσελθεῖν.	1	Jesus speaks of the **kingdom of the heavens** as if it were a house, the door into which the Pharisees have shut from the outside so that neither they nor anyone else can enter the house. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For you have made it so that men cannot live with God forever in the kingdom of the heavens. For neither you will live there, nor will you let anyone else live there”
23:13	zpfe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὐαὶ δὲ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί! ὅτι κλείετε τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Since you have shut the kingdom of the heavens before men, woe to you, scribes and Pharisees!”
23:13	qjt2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὅτι κλείετε τὴν Βασιλείαν τῶν Οὐρανῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	The words **kingdom of the heavens** refers to God’s rule as king from heaven. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For you have not allowed people to become people over whom God rules”
23:13	lhem		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	Although the term **men** is masculine, Jesus is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “people”
23:14	onan		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants		0	Some ancient manuscripts include the first part of verse 14. Other ancient manuscripts add that sentence after verse 12. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT.
23:15	xo45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ τὴν ξηρὰν	1	Jesus is describing the earth by naming its two main components. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the entire earth”
23:15	iyl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ποιῆσαι ἕνα προσήλυτον	1	Here, **to make one a proselyte** means to convince a non-Jewish person to begin practicing the Jewish religion. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to convince a non-Jewish person to practice the Jewish religion”
23:15	bq91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	υἱὸν Γεέννης	1	The expression **son of** figuratively describes a person who shares the qualities of something. Here, **a son of Gehenna** means a person who is evil and whom God will judge in hell. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “an evil person whom God will judge”
23:15	ervf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Γεέννης	1	See how you translated **Gehenna** in [5:30](../05/30.md).
23:16	r5k3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁδηγοὶ τυφλοὶ	1	See how you translated **blind guides** in [15:14](../15/14.md).
23:16	bqal		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὃς ἂν ὀμόσῃ ἐν τῷ ναῷ	1	When a person **swears by** something, he is calling it to be a witness to the oath that he is making. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Whoever calls the temple to be a witness to his oath”
23:16	fjic		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐδέν ἐστιν	1	Here, **it is nothing** means that he is not bound to keep his oath. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he is not bound to the oath”
23:17	j71q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	μωροὶ καὶ τυφλοί	1	Jesus is using the adjectives **foolish** and **blind** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases, here and in verse 19. Alternate translation: “You foolish and blind people”
23:17	s7a8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τυφλοί	1	Jesus is speaking of the scribes and Pharisees as if they were literally **blind**. He means that they are not able to recognize something in the moral realm that should be obvious. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “morally obtuse”
23:17	f9zd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίς γὰρ μείζων ἐστίν, ὁ χρυσὸς ἢ ὁ ναὸς ὁ ἁγιάσας τὸν χρυσόν?	1	Jesus is using the question form to challenge the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Certainly the gold is not greater than the temple that sanctifies the gold!”
23:18	t7p1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐδέν ἐστιν	1	See how you translated **it is nothing** in [23:16](../23/16.md).
23:18	ngd2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ δώρῳ	1	Here, **gift** is referring to an offering that is sacrificed to God on the altar. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the sacrifice”
23:19	g7qr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί γὰρ μεῖζον, τὸ δῶρον, ἢ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ ἁγιάζον τὸ δῶρον?	1	Jesus is using the question form to challenge the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “For the gift is certainly not greater than the alter sanctifying the gift!”
23:19	bb34		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τυφλοί	1	See how you translated **blind** in [23:17](../23/17.md). Alternate translation: “morally obtuse”
23:19	fl4o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ δῶρον & τὸ δῶρον	1	See how you translated **the gift** in the previous verse.
23:21	m21b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ κατοικοῦντι αὐτόν	1	Here, **the one inhabiting it** is referring to God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “God, who is inhabiting it”
23:22	ejw9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ καθημένῳ ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ	1	As in the previous verse, this refers to God the Father.
23:23	lg3r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὐαὶ ὑμῖν & ὑποκριταί!	1	See how you translated this in [11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “How terrible it will be for you”
23:23	n94y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὸ ἡδύοσμον, καὶ τὸ ἄνηθον, καὶ τὸ κύμινον	1	These are various leaves and seeds people used to make food taste good. If your readers would not be familiar with them, in your translation you could use the name of comparable seasonings in your culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “herbs and spices”
23:23	es4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τὰ βαρύτερα	1	Jesus is using the adjective **weightier** as a noun to mean certain aspects of the law. ULT adds the word **matters** to show that. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the weightier commandments”
23:23	c8bb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὰ βαρύτερα	1	Jesus is speaking as if the more important commandments in the law were literally **weightier** or heavier than the others. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the more important commandments”
23:23	m32j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ταῦτα & κἀκεῖνα	1	By **these**, Jesus means the commandments he has just mentioned, and by **those**, the means the ones he mentioned earlier. Your language may have its own way of indicating this distinction. Alternate translation: “the latter … and the former”
23:23	nn6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	κἀκεῖνα μὴ ἀφιέναι	1	If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative **not … neglect**, you can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “while also obeying the less important laws”
23:24	y84y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁδηγοὶ τυφλοί!	1	See how you translated **You blind guides** in [15:14](../15/14.md).
23:24	l7fh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	οἱ διϋλίζοντες τὸν κώνωπα τὴν δὲ κάμηλον καταπίνοντες!	1	Jesus is speaking as if the scribes and Pharisees were literally **straining out** a tiny **gnat** if they found one in a drink but **swallowing** a large **camel** whole. He means that they are being careful to follow the less important laws but ignoring the more important laws. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are carefully following the less important laws but ignoring the more important laws”
23:24	whk2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	κώνωπα	1	A **gnat** is a tiny flying insect. If your readers would not be familiar with what a gnat is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable insect in your area, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a tiny insect”
23:24	g87t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὴν & κάμηλον	1	A **camel** is a large mammal that people in this culture would ride and use to carry loads. If your readers would not be familiar with what a camel is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable beast of burden in your area, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a large beast of burden”
23:25	ru45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὅτι καθαρίζετε τὸ ἔξωθεν τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τῆς παροψίδος, ἔσωθεν δὲ γέμουσιν ἐξ ἁρπαγῆς καὶ ἀκρασίας	1	Here, cleaning **the outside of the cup and of the plate** represents the Pharisees acting in such a way that people will consider them holy. When Jesus says **inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence**, he is referring the inward desires of the Pharisees. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You try to make yourselves appear righteous by doing good deeds, but in your inner being, you are greedy and self-indulgent”
23:26	lb5j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	Φαρισαῖε τυφλέ	1	Jesus is not referring to a specific **Pharisee**. He is referring to every Pharisee who acts in the way he has described. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You blind Pharisees”
23:26	eoor		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τυφλέ	1	See how you translated **blind** in [23:17](../23/17.md). Alternate translation: “morally obtuse”
23:26	f9p8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	καθάρισον πρῶτον τὸ ἐντὸς τοῦ ποτηρίου καὶ τῆς παροψίδος, ἵνα γένηται καὶ τὸ ἐκτὸς αὐτῶν καθαρόν	1	See how you translated **inside of the cup and of the plate** and **outside** in in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “First make sure your inward being is righteous, and then you will genuinely appear righteous on the outside”
23:27	kry1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo	παρομοιάζετε τάφοις κεκονιαμένοις & ἀκαθαρσίας	1	Here, Jesus is comparing the **scribes and Pharisees** with **whitewashed tombs**. Jesus states the plain meaning in the next verse, so you do not need to do that here.
23:27	ta1f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τάφοις κεκονιαμένοις	1	The Jews would paint **tombs** white so that they would appear beautiful to people who passed by them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “tombs that someone has painted white”
23:29	tse6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῶν δικαίων	1	Jesus is using the adjective **righteous** as a noun to mean people who are righteous. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “of righteous people”
23:30	f0hs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	καὶ λέγετε, εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, οὐκ ἂν ἤμεθα κοινωνοὶ αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι τῶν προφητῶν	1	If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “You also say that if you had been in the days of your fathers, you would not have been partners with them in the blood of the prophets”
23:30	kkf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν	1	Jesus is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “our ancestors”
23:30	x99m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῷ αἵματι	1	Jesus is using the word **blood ** to mean “death” by association. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the death”
23:31	l7rl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων	1	Jesus may be using the term **sons** to mean descendants. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are the descendants of the ones having killed” or see next note for another possibility.
23:31	eale		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων	1	Jesus may also be using the expression **sons of** to describe people who share the qualities of something. He would be saying that the scribes and Pharisees share the quality of resistance to God that led their ancestors to kill the prophets. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you are resistant to God just like your ancestors, who killed”
23:32	bpz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	καὶ ὑμεῖς πληρώσατε τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν	1	Jesus is speaking as if he wants the scribes and Pharisees literally to **fill up** a **measure** of a certain amount. This represents them completing the wicked behavior that their ancestors began when they killed the prophets. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Now you finish the sins your ancestors began when they killed the prophets”
23:32	hmsh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καὶ ὑμεῖς πληρώσατε τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν	1	The implication is that the scribes and Pharisees would **fill up the measure** of their **fathers** by killing the greatest prophet of all, the Messiah. You can provide this information in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Now, by killing the Messiah, finish the sins your ancestors began when they killed the prophets”
23:32	vhes		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	ὑμεῖς πληρώσατε τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν	1	Even though Jesus is using an imperative form, he does not actually want the Pharisees to **fill up the measure** of their **fathers** by killing him, the Messiah. If they did that, they would not be obeying a command from him. Instead, Jesus is using a figure of speech in which he says the opposite of what he means. He does that in order to warn the scribes and Pharisees about where their attitude and behavior will lead if they do not change those things. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You should be very concerned, because if you do not stop resisting God, you will finish the sins of your ancestors by killing the Messiah”
23:33	va5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	ὄφεις, γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν	1	The terms **serpents** and **vipers** mean similar things. Both are names of poisonous snakes. Jesus is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single expression. Alternate translation: “poisonous snakes”
23:33	cfj3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὄφεις, γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν	1	Jesus is speaking of the scribes and Pharisees as if they were literally **serpents** and **offspring of vipers**. He means that they are evil. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You evil people”
23:33	blv6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν	1	The expression **offspring of** figuratively describes a person who shares the qualities of something. In this case, **vipers** represent evil or harmful people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you who are harmful like vipers”
23:33	vi6c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πῶς φύγητε ἀπὸ τῆς κρίσεως τῆς Γεέννης?	1	Jesus is using the question form to challenge the religious leaders. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You will certainly not escape from the judgment of Gehenna”
23:33	u1ju		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Γεέννης	1	See how you translated **Gehenna** in [5:30](../05/30.md).
23:35	l7ya		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἔλθῃ ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς	1	Jesus is speaking as if the **blood** of **righteous** people would literally **come upon** the scribes and Pharisees. He means that God would consider them guilty of shedding this blood. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God might consider you guilty for shedding”
23:35	h5n7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	αἷμα δίκαιον ἐκχυννόμενον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς & τοῦ αἵματος & τοῦ αἵματος	1	Jesus is using the word **blood** to mean murder by association. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the guilt for all of the murders of righteous people on the earth … the murder … the murder”
23:35	espy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	αἷμα δίκαιον	1	Jesus is speaking by association as if the **blood** of righteous people were **righteous** itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the blood of righteous people”
23:35	z95g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος Ἂβελ τοῦ δικαίου, ἕως τοῦ αἵματος Ζαχαρίου, ὃν ἐφονεύσατε μεταξὺ τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου	1	**Abel** was the first righteous victim of murder and **Zechariah**, who was murdered by Jews in the temple, was the last righteous person whose murder was recorded in the Hebrew Scriptures in the order in which the Jews of this time likely read them. Jesus is using these first and last men to represent all the righteous people who have been murdered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all throughout human history”
23:35	s11l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὃν ἐφονεύσατε	1	By using the term **you**, Jesus is speaking as if the scribes and Pharisees he is addressing had killed **Zechariah**, but he means by association that their ancestors killed him. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “whom your ancestors killed”
23:37	xuj1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Ἰερουσαλὴμ, Ἰερουσαλήμ, ἡ ἀποκτείνουσα	1	Jesus is using the term **Jerusalem** to mean the people who live in Jerusalem. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “People of Jerusalem, the ones killing”
23:37	vne9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Ἰερουσαλὴμ, Ἰερουσαλήμ	1	Jesus is figuratively addressing something that he knows cannot hear him, the city of Jerusalem, in order to show his listeners in a strong way how he feels about it. If it would be more natural in your language, you could show in your translation that Jesus is talking about Jerusalem rather than to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I am very upset with the city of Jerusalem”
23:37	tz4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that God did it. Alternate translation: “the ones whom God sent to you”
23:37	t9y7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὰ τέκνα σου	1	Jesus is speaking as if Jerusalem had **children**. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those who live in you”
23:37	xv4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὃν τρόπον ὄρνις ἐπισυνάγει τὰ νοσσία αὐτῆς ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας	1	The point of this comparison is that Jesus wishes he could comfort and protect the people of Jerusalem, just as a **hen** does that for her **chicks**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “the way a hen gathers her chicks under her wings to comfort and protect them”
23:37	as8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ὄρνις	1	A **hen** is a female chicken. You could translate this with the name of a bird familiar in your culture that protects her chicks under her wing.
23:38	e5sh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν ἔρημος	1	Jesus is using the past tense in order to refer to something that will happen in the future. He is doing this to show that the event will certainly happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: “your house will be left to you desolate”
23:38	ck2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν	1	Jesus is speaking of the city of Jerusalem as if it were a **house** in which its people lived. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your city”
23:39	ig61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου!	1	See how you translated **in the name of** in [21:9](../21/09.md).
24:intro	h2a2				0	# Matthew 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Jesus begins to prophesy about the future from that time until he returns as king of everything. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “The end of the age”\n\nIn this chapter, Jesus gives an answer to his disciples when they ask how they will know when he will come again. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalyptic]])\n\n### The example of Noah\n\nIn the time of Noah, God sent a great flood to punish people for their sins. He warned them many times about this coming flood, but it actually began suddenly. In this chapter, Jesus draws a comparison between that flood and the last days. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important translation issues in this chapter\n\n### “Let”\n\nThe ULT uses this word to begin several commands of Jesus, such as “let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains” (24:16), “let him who is on the housetop not go down to take anything out of his house” (24:17), and “let him who is in the field not return to take his cloak” (24:18). There are many different ways to form a command. Translators may select the most natural ways in their own languages.\n\n### “The one”\n\nSeveral times in this chapter, Jesus speaks of “the one” who does a certain thing. (Matthew himself uses that phrase in verse 15.) This phrase does not refer to a specific person. It refers to anyone who performs the action that it names. Express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. For example, in verse 13, Jesus says that “the one having endured to the end, he will be saved.” You might say that “whoever endures to the end will be saved.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
24:1	ke79		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱεροῦ	1	Here, **temple** is referring to the courtyard around the temple. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that in your translation. Alternate translation: “from the courtyard of the temple”
24:2	mh5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐ βλέπετε ταῦτα πάντα	1	Jesus is using the question form to challenge his disciples. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Certainly you see all of these things!”
24:2	ecdz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐ μὴ ἀφεθῇ ὧδε λίθος ἐπὶ λίθον, ὃς οὐ καταλυθήσεται	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form, and you could state who will do the action. Alternate translation: “Your enemies will not leave one stone upon another here, but will tear them down”
24:3	e1is		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῆς σῆς παρουσίας, καὶ συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος	1	Here, **your coming** refers to when Jesus will come in power, establishing God’s reign on earth and bringing this **age** to an end. Alternate translation: “that you are about to come and reign in power and that the world is about to end”
24:3	uf7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	καθημένου & αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ὄρους τῶν Ἐλαιῶν, προσῆλθον αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ	1	Here, the pronouns **he** and **him** refer to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “as Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples approached Jesus”
24:3	pudy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	προσῆλθον αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ κατ’ ἰδίαν λέγοντες, εἰπὲ ἡμῖν πότε ταῦτα ἔσται, καὶ τί τὸ σημεῖον τῆς σῆς παρουσίας, καὶ συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος?	1	If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “the disciples came to him by themselves asked Jesus to tell them when these things would be and what would be the sign of his coming and the end of the age”
24:4	s64s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	βλέπετε μή τις ὑμᾶς πλανήσῃ	1	See how you translated the similar expression in [22:29](../22/29.md). Alternate translation: “Be careful that no one deceives you”
24:4-5	q6q1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	βλέπετε μή τις ὑμᾶς πλανήσῃ. πολλοὶ γὰρ ἐλεύσονται ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου λέγοντες, ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Χριστός; καὶ πολλοὺς πλανήσουσιν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Since many will come in my name saying, ‘I am the Christ,’ and will lead many astray, you ought to be careful not to be led astray”
24:5	w7i0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	πολλοὶ γὰρ ἐλεύσονται ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου λέγοντες, ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Χριστός; καὶ πολλοὺς πλανήσουσιν	1	If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “For many will come in my name saying that they are the Christ, and they will lead many people astray”
24:5	lq71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί μου	1	Here, Jesus uses the word **name** to mean identity. The people he is talking about will likely not say that their name is Jesus, they will claim to be the Messiah. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “claiming to be me”
24:5	twh8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πλανήσουσιν	1	See how you translated the similar expression in the previous verse.
24:6	pgdl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μελλήσετε & ἀκούειν πολέμους, καὶ ἀκοὰς πολέμων	1	This probably means implicitly that the disciples will hear about wars that are definitely happening and about wars that may be happening (**reports of wars**). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “you are going to hear about wars that are definitely happening and about wars that may be happening”
24:6	hdz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁρᾶτε, μὴ θροεῖσθε	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not let these things trouble you”
24:6	fvq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ τέλος	1	Here, **the end** implicitly means “the end of the world.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could say that explicitly, as the UST models.
24:7	ygf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἐγερθήσεται γὰρ ἔθνος ἐπὶ ἔθνος, καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Jesus is likely using repetition for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine these two phrases into one phrase. Alternate translation: “Different groups of people will attack each other”
24:7	xuow		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἐγερθήσεται & ἔθνος ἐπὶ ἔθνος, καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν	1	Here, **nation** and **kingdom** represent the people who live within them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of one nation will rise up against the people of another nation, and the people of one kingdom against the people of another kingdom”
24:7	tc4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	ἐγερθήσεται & ἔθνος ἐπὶ ἔθνος, καὶ βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν	1	The word **kingdom** represents kingdoms in general, not one particular kingdom. The word **nation** represents nations in general, not one particular nation. Alternate translation: “some nations will attack other nations, and some kingdoms will attack other kingdoms”
24:7	fmy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐγερθήσεται & ἐπὶ	1	The phrase **rise against** is an idiom that means to attack. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “will attack”
24:7	xo7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	βασιλεία ἐπὶ βασιλείαν	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “kingdom will rise up against kingdom”
24:8	cnrt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πάντα δὲ ταῦτα	1	Here, **all these things** refers to the things that Jesus has said will happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “These things that I have just described”
24:8	q4gl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἀρχὴ ὠδίνων	1	Jesus uses the image of **birth pains** to indicate that in the same way that the pain of childbirth is eventually replaced by joy when the child is born, so the suffering that is experienced by true believers will eventually be replaced by joy when Christ returns. Because childbirth occurs in all cultures, you may wish to retain this metaphor in your translation. You could express it as a simile if your language would not say directly that **these things** are **birth pangs**. Alternate translation: “These events will be like the first pains a woman suffers when she is about to give birth to a child”
24:9	uw1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	See how you translated **nations** in [24:7](../24/07.md).
24:9	nsh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἔσεσθε μισούμενοι ὑπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People from every nation will hate you”
24:9	u2bd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	διὰ τὸ ὄνομά μου	1	See how you translated **my name** in [24:5](../24/05.md). Alternate translation: “because of me” or “because you believe in me”
24:10	kvbw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σκανδαλισθήσονται πολλοὶ	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “these hardships will cause many people to stumble”
24:10	a4yg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σκανδαλισθήσονται πολλοὶ	1	Here, **to stumble** means to stop believing in God. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “many people will stop believing in God”
24:11	fo6o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐγερθήσονται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will rise up”
24:11	mi2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐγερθήσονται	1	Here, **will be raised up** is an idiom that means “will come.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will come”
24:11	tjb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	καὶ πλανήσουσιν πολλούς	1	See how you translated **lead … astray** in [24:4](../24/04.md).
24:12	ohq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ πληθυνθῆναι τὴν ἀνομίαν	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “lawlessness will increase”
24:12	w4af		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τὸ πληθυνθῆναι τὴν ἀνομίαν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **lawlessness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “people will commit more lawless deeds”
24:12	bu9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν	1	Jesus is speaking as if the **love of many** would literally **grow cold**. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “many people will no longer love other people” (2) Alternate translation: “many people will no longer love God”
24:13	v3ex		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ δὲ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται	1	See how you translated **But the one having endured to the end, he will be saved** in [10:22](../10/22.md).
24:13	sheo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	ὁ δὲ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος	1	As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the phrase **the one** does not refer to a specific person. It refers to anyone who performs the action described. Here and in the other instances of the phrase in this chapter, express this in the way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whoever endures to the end”
24:14	x3e6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	κηρυχθήσεται τοῦτο τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who did the action, Jesus implies that his disciples will do it. Alternate translation: “my disciples will preach this gospel of the kingdom”
24:14	opuo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τοῦτο τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας	1	Here, **kingdom** refers to God’s rule as king. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **kingdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the message about how God rules as a king over his people”
24:14	y65s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τοῖς ἔθνεσιν	1	See how you translated **nations** in [24:7](../24/07.md).
24:15	mf1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Δανιὴλ τοῦ προφήτου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “about which Daniel the prophet spoke”
24:15	lhas		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως	1	The phrase **the abomination of desolation** is found in [Daniel 9:27](../dan/09/27.md), [Daniel 11:31](../11/31.md), and [Daniel 12:11](../12/11.md). Jesus’ audience would have been familiar with those passages, which prophesy about **the abomination** defiling the temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “the shameful thing that defiles the temple”
24:15	lz9p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks	ὁ ἀναγινώσκων νοείτω	1	The phrase **Let the one reading understand** is not Jesus speaking. Matthew added this to get his readers to pay attention to this warning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could show that this is not part of Jesus’ direct speech by not enclosing it within quotation marks or in some other way that is natural in your language.
24:17	iv2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος, μὴ καταβάτω ἆραι τὰ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ	1	Where Jesus lived, the tops of houses were flat. People would eat and do other activities on top of their houses. Jesus assumes that his hearers know this and that they know that the roofs were accessed by an exterior staircase at the back of the house, distant from the entry at the front. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “the person who is on top of his roof should escape immediately by the back stairway and not enter his house to get anything”
24:18	a6c2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καὶ ὁ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ, μὴ ἐπιστρεψάτω ὀπίσω ἆραι τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦ	1	People in Jesus’ time often walked from their towns to the field that they worked in during the day. Jesus is saying that when they see the abomination of desolation, they should not return to their town to get their cloak, but should flee from the field that they are working in. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “let the one working the field not return to his town to get his cloak before fleeing”
24:18	duz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὸ ἱμάτιον	1	See how you translated **cloak** in [5:40](../05/40.md).
24:19	kq12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ταῖς ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσαις	1	The phrase **having in the womb** is an idiom that refers to women who are expecting babies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “to women who are pregnant”
24:19	piql		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ταῖς θηλαζούσαις	1	This does not mean babies who are nursing but women who are nursing babies (providing their milk for them). If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “mothers who are nursing their babies”
24:19	f533		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις	1	Jesus is using the term **days** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “at that time”
24:20	u4jb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μὴ γένηται ἡ φυγὴ ὑμῶν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **flight**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “you would not have to flee”
24:20	m6mx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	χειμῶνος	1	In the location to which Jesus is referring, **winter** is the time of year when it is cold and travel is difficult. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a term for a season in which it would be difficult to travel or you could translate winter with a general expression. Alternate translation: “in the rainy season” or “in the cold season”
24:22	ndr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	εἰ μὴ ἐκολοβώθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι, οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ & κολοβωθήσονται αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “If God had not shortened those days, then he would have saved no flesh … he will shorten those days”
24:22	f692		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	εἰ μὴ ἐκολοβώθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι, οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα σάρξ	1	Jesus is using the past tense in order to refer to something that will happen in the future. He is doing this to show that the event will certainly happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: “if God were not going to shorten those days, no flesh would be saved”
24:22	vd3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	εἰ μὴ ἐκολοβώθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι ἐκεῖναι	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the word **shortened**. Alternate translation: “if those days had continued” or “if God had allowed those days to continue”
24:22	r9qw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	σάρξ	1	See how you translated **flesh** in [16:17](../16/17.md).
24:23	avm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ, ἰδοὺ, ὧδε ὁ Χριστός, ἤ ὧδε, μὴ πιστεύσητε	1	Jesus uses this expression to introduce an imaginary situation to help explain what his disciples should do if someone claims that they have found the Messiah. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone says to you, ‘Behold, here {is} the Christ!’ or, ‘Here!’ Then you should not believe it”
24:24	s3te		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐγερθήσονται	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will arise” or “will become powerful”
24:24	nx14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	σημεῖα μεγάλα καὶ τέρατα	1	The terms **signs** and **wonders** mean similar things. Jesus may be using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “great miracles”
24:24	n744		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πλανῆσαι	1	See how you translated **lead astray** in [24:5](../24/05.md).
24:24	y0ub		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς	1	See how you translated the phrase **the elect** in [24:22](../24/22.md).
24:26	fmx1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἐὰν & εἴπωσιν ὑμῖν, ἰδοὺ, ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἐστίν, μὴ ἐξέλθητε	1	You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “if someone tells you that the Christ is in the wilderness, do not go out there”
24:26	zxg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	ἰδοὺ, ἐν τοῖς ταμείοις	1	You can state this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Or, if someone tells you that the Christ is in the inner rooms”
24:27	j1w1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	οὕτως ἔσται ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The point of this comparison is that just as lightning flashes across the whole sky and so is obvious to see, so the Son of Man will be obvious to see when he returns. He will not be out “in the wilderness” or “in the inner rooms,” as Jesus says in verse 25 that some will claim. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “so the coming of the Son of Man will be obvious to see”
24:27	za8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	οὕτως ἔσται ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “in the same way I, the Son of Man, will come”
24:28	mu35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	ὅπου ἐὰν ᾖ τὸ πτῶμα, ἐκεῖ συναχθήσονται οἱ ἀετοί	1	This is probably a proverb that the people of Jesus’ time understood. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “When the Son of Man comes, everyone will see him and know that he has come” (2) Alternate translation: “Wherever spiritually dead people are, false prophets will be there to tell them lies”
24:28	fo7o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	συναχθήσονται οἱ ἀετοί	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the vultures will gather”
24:28	ivl8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	οἱ ἀετοί	1	The word **vultures** describes large birds that eat the bodies of dead or dying animals. If your readers would not be familiar with what a vulture is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable scavenger bird in your area, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the scavenger birds”
24:29	zmm6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τὴν θλῖψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων	1	Jesus is using the term **days** to refer to a specific time. If your readers would misunderstand this, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that time of tribulation”
24:29	zuk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ ἥλιος σκοτισθήσεται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will make the sun dark”
24:29	w1bi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God will shake the powers of the heavens”
24:30	yc2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	φανήσεται τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “the sign of me, the Son of Man, will appear”
24:31	fl54			ἀποστελεῖ τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ μετὰ σάλπιγγος μεγάλης	1	Your language may need to say who will make this **sound of a trumpet**. That could be the Son of Man himself or an angel. Alternate translation: “the Son of Man will sound a trumpet and send his angels” or “God will have an angel blow a trumpet, and he will send his angels”
24:31	rlb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ἀποστελεῖ τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ & αὐτοῦ	1	Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I will send my angels … my”
24:31	ibw7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων ἀνέμων, ἀπ’ ἄκρων οὐρανῶν ἕως ἄκρων αὐτῶν	1	These two phrases mean the same thing. Jesus is using repetition to emphasize the idea that the phrases express, which is how far the angels will go to gather the elect. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “from all over the world”
24:31	wp9t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐκ τῶν τεσσάρων ἀνέμων	1	This expression means “from every direction from which the wind blows,” envisioning the four primary directions of north, south, east, and west. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say this in plain language. Alternate translation: “from every part of the world”
24:33	cu5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ἐγγύς ἐστιν	1	Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I am near”
24:33	cfz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἐπὶ θύραις	1	Jesus is speaking of himself as if he were a king or important official getting close to the gates of a walled city. He means that he would be just about to return to earth. Alternate translation: “about to return to earth”
24:34	gld5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη	1	Here, **pass away** is a polite way of saying “die.” Alternate translation: “this generation will not all die”
24:34	y73t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη	1	This could refer implicitly to: (1) the people alive when Jesus was speaking. (2) all the people who will be alive when these things happen that Jesus has just described. Try to translate so that both interpretations are possible.
24:34	r6sk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ παρέλθῃ	1	If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative verb **pass away**. Alternate translation: “will certainly remain alive”
24:34	fb4k			ἕως ἂν πάντα ταῦτα γένηται	1	Alternate translation: “until God causes all these things to happen”
24:35	i8vv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ἡ γῆ παρελεύσεται	1	Jesus is using the two main components of creation, **heaven** and **earth**, to mean all of creation. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express this in plain language. Alternate translation: “All of creation”
24:35	e6bf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	οἱ & λόγοι μου	1	Jesus is using the term **words** to mean the things he has said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things I have said”
24:36	q4pj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης καὶ ὥρας	1	The terms **day** and **hour** mean similar things. Jesus may be using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “that specific time”
24:36	vico		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης καὶ ὥρας	1	By **that day and hour**, Jesus means implicitly the time when he will return. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “that day and hour when I will return”
24:36	n0f2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions	οὐδεὶς οἶδεν, οὐδὲ οἱ ἄγγελοι τῶν οὐρανῶν, οὐδὲ ὁ Υἱός, εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατὴρ μόνος	1	If it would in appear your language that Jesus was making a statement here and then contradicting it, you could reword this to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “only the Father knows, not the angels in heaven, nor the Son”
24:36	wq5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῶν οὐρανῶν	1	Here, **the heavens** refers implicitly to the place where God lives. It does not refer to the sky. Be sure that this is clear in your translation.
24:36	p5vu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Υἱός & ὁ Πατὴρ	1	**Son** and **Father** are important titles that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. Be sure to retain these titles in your translation.
24:36	espb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Υἱός	1	Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son”
24:37	hf51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ Νῶε	1	Jesus is using the term **days** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the time of Noah was”
24:37	cpn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “of me, the Son of Man”
24:38	pfyq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	ἦσαν & τρώγοντες καὶ πίνοντες, γαμοῦντες καὶ γαμίζοντες	1	Jesus describes several regular activities to refer to regular activities in general. Alternate translation: “they were going about their normal lives”
24:38	lh9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταῖς πρὸ τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ & ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας εἰσῆλθεν, Νῶε εἰς τὴν κιβωτόν	1	See how you translated **days** in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “in the time before the flood … until the time when Noah entered the ark”
24:38	ectm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὴν κιβωτόν	1	The term **ark** refers to the structure that Noah built on God’s instructions to save himself and his family from the flood. If your readers would not recognize this specific term, you could use a more general one. Alternate translation: “the ship he built” or “the barge he built”
24:39	ffa6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καὶ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν	1	Here, **they did not know** means that they did not know what was about to happen to them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and they did not realize what was about to happen to them”
24:39	ah5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	ἦρεν ἅπαντας	1	Jesus is referring to death in a polite way by using the phrase **took them all away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “killed them all”
24:39	wcav		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	οὕτως ἔσται καὶ ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Here, Jesus is comparing the flood of Noah, which came unexpectedly, with his own coming, which will be similarly unexpected. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the same way, the coming of the Son of Man will be unexpected”
24:40	uzz0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔσονται δύο ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ	1	It is implied that these **two** are working **in the field**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “two men will be working in the field”
24:40	gt4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	εἷς παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ εἷς ἀφίεται	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “God will take one, and he will leave the other”
24:41	eail		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	μία παραλαμβάνεται, καὶ μία ἀφίεται	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who will do the action, Jesus implies that God will do it. Alternate translation: “God will take one, and he will leave the other”
24:43	ak6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ἐκεῖνο δὲ γινώσκετε,	1	To help his disciples understand his message, Jesus tells a story. He explains its meaning in the next verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Let me tell you a story to help you understand this:”
24:43	ki5s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ποίᾳ φυλακῇ	1	Here, **watch of night** is an idiom that means a certain time during the night, referring to how some would take turns keeping “watch” for a certain length of time to protect others who were asleep. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at what time during the night”
24:43	lg7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἂν εἴασεν διορυχθῆναι τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you must state who would do the action, Jesus implies that the thief would do it. Alternate translation: “would not have allowed the thief to break into his house”
24:44	gd17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man,”
24:44	tub2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	διὰ τοῦτο καὶ, ὑμεῖς γίνεσθε ἕτοιμοι	1	Here, Jesus is explaining the meaning of his parable. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “In the same way that the owner of the house prepares in case a thief comes, so you should also be ready”
24:44	ess8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ᾗ & ὥρᾳ	1	Jesus is using the term **hour** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at a time”
24:45	f92d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τίς ἄρα ἐστὶν ὁ πιστὸς δοῦλος καὶ φρόνιμος, ὃν κατέστησεν ὁ κύριος ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκετείας αὐτοῦ, τοῦ δοῦναι αὐτοῖς τὴν τροφὴν ἐν καιρῷ	1	Jesus is using the question form to challenge his disciples and to make them think. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Certainly a faithful servant is the one whom his master appoints over his house in order to give them food at the proper time!”
24:45	d462		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὃν κατέστησεν ὁ κύριος ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκετείας αὐτοῦ	1	In this phrase, it is assumed that the **the master** leaves the house over which he appoints his servant. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express that explicitly. Alternate translation: “whom his master, when he leaves, `appoints over his household”
24:45	k3j5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	τοῦ δοῦναι αὐτοῖς τὴν τροφὴν	1	The connecting word **to** introduces a goal or purpose relationship. The purpose for which **his master has appointed** him is **to give them their food**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of giving them their food”
24:48	f9ft		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	εἴπῃ & ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ	1	See how you translated **in his heart** in [5:28](../05/28.md).
24:48	per6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	χρονίζει μου ὁ κύριος	1	If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But if that evil slave says in his heart that his master is delaying”
24:50	bz5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ οὐ προσδοκᾷ, καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γινώσκει	1	The phrases **on a day that he does not expect** and **at an hour that he does not know** mean the same thing. Jesus is using repetition to emphasize the idea that the phrases express. It may be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if the meaning might be unclear, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “on a day that he does not expect, yes, at an hour that he does not know”
24:50	ss9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ οὐ προσδοκᾷ, καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ γινώσκει	1	Jesus is using the terms **day** and **hour** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. If you do that, you may wish to combine the phrases. Alternate translation: “at a time that he does not expect, yes, at an time that he does not know” or “at a time that he is not expecting at all”
24:51	jj2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	διχοτομήσει αὐτὸν	1	Here, **cut him in pieces** is an idiom that means to punish someone severely. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he will punish him severely”
24:51	rwd5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων	1	See how you translated this in [8:12](../08/12.md).
25:intro	qe8a				0	# Matthew 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter continues the teaching of the previous chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The parable of the ten virgins\n\nJesus told the parable of the ten virgins in [25:1–13](../25/01.md) to tell his followers to be ready for him to return. His hearers could understand the parable because they knew Jewish wedding customs. When the Jews arranged marriages, they would plan for the wedding to take place weeks or months later. At the appointed time, the bridegroom would go to his bride’s house and she would be waiting for him there. The wedding ceremony would take place, and then the man and his bride would travel to his home, where there would be a feast. In this parable, the bridegroom represents Jesus, the five foolish virgins represent false believers in Jesus who do not prepare for Jesus’ return, and the five wise virgins represent true Christians who are ready for Jesus to come back at the end of the world. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])\n\n### The parable of the talents\n\nJesus told the parable of the talents in [25:14–30](../25/14.md) to teach that true Christians use the blessings that God gives them in order to live fruitful lives that glorify him. Jesus’ hearers could understand the parable because they knew about investing money and the relationship between masters and slaves. In this parable, the master represents Jesus, the “talents” (a form of money) represent blessings from God, the two good slaves represent true Christians who faithfully use the blessings that God gives them, and the wicked slave represents false believers in Jesus.\n\nA talent was a unit of weight that, when used for precious metals, was also a unit of money. One talent weighed nearly 30 kilograms or over 60 pounds. One silver talent was the equivalent of over 16 years’ wages for a laborer. You could try to express this amount in terms of current monetary values, but that might cause your Bible translation to become outdated and inaccurate, since those values can change over time. So instead you might state something more general or give the equivalent in wages. See the suggestions at each occurrence of the word “talent” in this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
25:1	em28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τότε	1	Here, **Then** refers to the time in the future when Jesus will return to the world. He called this time “the coming of the Son of Man” in [24:37](../24/37.md) and the “day your Lord is coming” in [24:42](../24/42.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “At the time I return to the world”
25:1	zfdl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ὁμοιωθήσεται ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν δέκα παρθένοις	1	In [25:1–13](../25/01.md), Jesus is explaining about **the kingdom of the heavens** by telling a brief story that provides an illustration. See the discussion of this parable in the General Notes for this chapter.
25:1	pg5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἡ Βασιλεία τῶν Οὐρανῶν	1	See how you translated this phrase in [3:2](../03/02.md).
25:1	uhj1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λαμπάδας	1	The **lamps** in this story are small containers that produce light by burning oil that is absorbed by a wick. Someone had to trim the wick and supply enough oil to keep the wick burning in order for the lamp to continue producing light. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “lamps that burn oil to produce light”
25:1	jfsw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐξῆλθον εἰς ὑπάντησιν τοῦ νυμφίου	1	Here, **meeting of the bridegroom** refers to the Jewish wedding practice of the bride and bridesmaids waiting for the bridegroom to come and get his bride and take her to the wedding feast. The fact that they took **lamps** also implies that they **went out** during the night. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “went out during the night to wait for the bridegroom to come and take his bride to the wedding feast”
25:2	c8nf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	πέντε & ἐξ αὐτῶν	1	Here, **them** refers to the “virgins” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “five of the virgins”
25:2	ena4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	πέντε φρόνιμοι	1	Jesus is leaving out a word that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “five were wise”
25:3	b37a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μεθ’ ἑαυτῶν ἔλαιον	1	Jesus’ hearers would have understood that the **oil** was used to keep the **lamps** lit. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “oil with themselves to keep their lamps lit”
25:5	qf4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἐνύσταξαν πᾶσαι	1	Here, **they** refers to the ten virgins mentioned in [25:1](../25/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “all ten virgins became sleepy”
25:5	pvh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	ἐνύσταξαν πᾶσαι καὶ ἐκάθευδον	1	The word **and** indicates that the event in the previous phrase happened before the event in the next phrase. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “they all became sleepy and then began to sleep”
25:6	ufp2			κραυγὴ γέγονεν	1	Alternate translation: “someone cried”
25:6	o62h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδοὺ	1	The person speaking uses the term **Behold** here to get the ten virgins to focus their attention on what he is about to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Listen”
25:6	py59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	κραυγὴ γέγονεν, ἰδοὺ, ὁ νυμφίος! ἐξέρχεσθε εἰς ἀπάντησιν	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “someone cried that they should pay attention, the bridegroom was coming, and they should go out to the meeting”
25:7	knmn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἠγέρθησαν	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “awoke”
25:7	ni6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἐκόσμησαν τὰς λαμπάδας ἑαυτῶν	1	The oil **lamps** people used at that time produced light from a burning wick. That wick had to be **trimmed** in order for it to keep burning properly. If this would be unfamiliar to your readers, you could use a general expression for preparing a lamp. Alternate translation: “adjusted their lamps so they would burn brightly”
25:8	cp7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ταῖς φρονίμοις εἶπον, δότε ἡμῖν ἐκ τοῦ ἐλαίου ὑμῶν, ὅτι αἱ λαμπάδες ἡμῶν σβέννυνται	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said to the wise ones that they should give them from their oil, because their lamps were going out”
25:8	i1r7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	αἱ λαμπάδες ἡμῶν σβέννυνται	1	Here, **going out** refers to the **lamps** running out of oil so that the fire in them would stop burning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the fire in our lamps is about to burn out”
25:9	ybzj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγουσαι, μήποτε οὐ μὴ ἀρκέσῃ ἡμῖν καὶ ὑμῖν; πορεύεσθε μᾶλλον πρὸς τοὺς πωλοῦντας, καὶ ἀγοράσατε ἑαυταῖς	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said that there would certainly not be enough for themselves and the foolish ones, so the foolish ones should go instead to the ones selling and buy for themselves”
25:9	j6z8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μήποτε οὐ μὴ ἀρκέσῃ ἡμῖν καὶ ὑμῖν; πορεύεσθε μᾶλλον πρὸς τοὺς πωλοῦντας, καὶ ἀγοράσατε ἑαυταῖς	1	It is implied that **the wise ones** are referring to oil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “There will certainly not be enough oil for us and you. Go instead to the ones selling oil and buy some oil for yourselves”
25:9	gr5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μήποτε οὐ μὴ ἀρκέσῃ ἡμῖν καὶ ὑμῖν	1	By answering in this way, **the wise ones** imply that they will not give any oil to the foolish virgins. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “We will not give you any oil! There will certainly not be enough oil for us and you.”
25:9	qwkx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ	1	The phrase **certainly not** translates two negative words in Greek. The wise virgins use them together to emphasize that they do not have enough oil to share with the foolish virgins. If your language can use two negatives together for emphasis without them cancelling each other to create a positive meaning, it would be appropriate to use that construction here.
25:9	s43k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῖν	1	Here, **us** refers to the wise virgins, so **us** would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form.
25:10	rfh6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῶν	1	Here, **they** refers to the five foolish virgins. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the five foolish virgins”
25:10	jej8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἀγοράσαι	1	Jesus is leaving out a word that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply the missing word from the context. Alternate translation: “to buy more oil”
25:10	t229		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αἱ ἕτοιμοι	1	Here, **the prepared ones** refers to the five wise virgins who had enough oil for their lamps. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the wise virgins who had prepared”
25:10	g29i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐκλείσθη ἡ θύρα	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the servants shut the door”
25:11	ys4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	ἔρχονται	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “came”
25:11	gbdp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγουσαι, κύριε, κύριε, ἄνοιξον ἡμῖν!	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that the master should open for them”
25:11	ouya		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	ἄνοιξον ἡμῖν	1	Here, **open** is an imperative, but since the **virgins** cannot command the **master** to do this, you could translate this phrase as polite request. Alternate translation: “please open for us”
25:11	e5pz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄνοιξον ἡμῖν	1	Here **the other virgins** are implying that they want the door opened for them so they can enter the wedding feast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “open the door for us so we can come inside”
25:12	dxz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπεν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said that he said to them truly that he did not know them”
25:12	h4a8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς	1	By answering in this way, the bridegroom implies that he will not open the door for the foolish virgins. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I will not open the door for you because I do not know you”
25:13	i7nb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	**Therefore** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Jesus told the parable in [25:1–12](../25/01.md). Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. Alternate translation: “Since something like this could happen to you”
25:13	r7kf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	γρηγορεῖτε	1	Here Jesus implies that believers must **stay alert** for his return to the world. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “stay alert for my return”
25:13	xfdj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ οἴδατε τὴν ἡμέραν, οὐδὲ τὴν ὥραν	1	Here, **the day** and **the hour** refer to the time when Jesus will return to the world. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you know neither the day nor the hour when I will return”
25:13	hn7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	οὐκ οἴδατε τὴν ἡμέραν, οὐδὲ τὴν ὥραν	1	Here, **day** and **hour** refer to an exact point in time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you do not know the exact time”
25:14	cn21		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	**For** here indicates that the parable Jesus tells in [25:14–30](../25/14.md) teaches another reason why believers must “stay alert,” as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “Stay alert because”
25:14	zqi2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ὥσπερ	1	Here, **it** refers to “the kingdom of the heavens,” as mentioned in [25:1](../25/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of the heavens is like”
25:14	oy2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parables	ἄνθρωπος ἀποδημῶν	1	Jesus tells a story to help his listeners understand why they should properly use the blessings that God gives them in order to be ready for him to return to the world. If it would help your readers, you could say that explicitly. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “a story in which a man goes to another country”
25:14	fmb3			τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ	1	Alternate translation: “his property” or “his wealth”
25:15	i81u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	πέντε τάλαντα	1	See the discussion of the talent as a unit of money in the General Notes to this chapter to decide how to represent these numbers of **talents** in your translation. Alternate translation: “an amount equal to 80 years’ wages … an amount equal to 32 years’ wages … an amount equal to 16 years’ wages”
25:15	vyj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ᾧ δὲ δύο, ᾧ δὲ ἕν, ἑκάστῳ	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. It may be helpful to break the sentence here. Alternate translation: “and to one slave he gave two talents, and to one slave he gave one talent. He gave to each”
25:15	d87u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν δύναμιν	1	Here, **his** refers to each slave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to each of them according to each one’s own ability”
25:16	qkr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	τὰ πέντε τάλαντα & ἄλλα πέντε τάλαντα	1	See how you translated **talents** in the previous verse to decide how to translate it here and in the rest of the parable. Alternate translation: “the amount equal to 80 years’ wages … an equal amount”
25:17	u4vs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ ὁ τὰ δύο, ἐκέρδησεν ἄλλα δύο	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “the one slave with the two talents also gained another two talents”
25:18	begc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ὁ & τὸ ἓν λαβὼν	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “the one slave having received the one talent”
25:19	vc9p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	μετὰ δὲ πολὺν χρόνον	1	**Now** here introduces a new event that happened **a long time** after the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “A long time later”
25:19	uejo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	ἔρχεται & καὶ συναίρει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Jesus uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “came and settled”
25:19	s33o			συναίρει λόγον	1	Alternate translation: “called them to give an account of how they had used his money”
25:20	gkpa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγων, Κύριε, πέντε τάλαντά μοι παρέδωκας, ἴδε, ἄλλα πέντε τάλαντα ἐκέρδησα	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said that the master had handed over to him five talents, but behold, he had gained five talents”
25:21	j1qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἔφη αὐτῷ & εὖ, δοῦλε ἀγαθὲ καὶ πιστέ! ἐπὶ ὀλίγα ἦς πιστός, ἐπὶ πολλῶν σε καταστήσω; εἴσελθε εἰς τὴν χαρὰν τοῦ κυρίου σου	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said to him that he had done well and was a good and faithful slave. The master also said that he had been faithful over a few things, so he would appoint him over many things. The master told him to enter into the joy of his master”
25:21	l5mg			εὖ	1	Your culture might have an expression that someone in authority would use to show that he approves of what someone working under his authority has done. Alternate translation: “You have done well” or “You have done right”
25:21	d2s9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἴσελθε εἰς	1	Here, **Enter into** represents experiencing something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Experience”
25:21	u9od		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	τὴν χαρὰν τοῦ κυρίου σου	1	Here the **master** is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “my joy” or “the joy of me, your master”
25:22	xt2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπεν, Κύριε, δύο τάλαντά μοι παρέδωκας. ἴδε, ἄλλα δύο τάλαντα ἐκέρδησα	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said to his master that he had handed over to him two talents, but behold, he had gained two talents”
25:23	hsb6			ἔφη αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ, εὖ, δοῦλε ἀγαθὲ καὶ πιστέ! ἐπὶ ὀλίγα ἦς πιστός, ἐπὶ πολλῶν σε καταστήσω; εἴσελθε εἰς τὴν χαρὰν τοῦ κυρίου σου	1	The contents of this verse are identical to [25:21](../25/21.md). Translate both verses identically.
25:24	hhvi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπεν, Κύριε, ἔγνων σε, ὅτι σκληρὸς εἶ ἄνθρωπος, θερίζων ὅπου οὐκ ἔσπειρας, καὶ συνάγων ὅθεν οὐ διεσκόρπισας	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said to his master that he knew that his master was a strict man, reaping where he did not sow, and gathering where he did not scatter”
25:24	au9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	θερίζων ὅπου οὐκ ἔσπειρας, καὶ συνάγων ὅθεν οὐ διεσκόρπισας	1	Jesus’ audience would have known that the master was referring to **reaping** and **gathering** crops and sowing and scattering seed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “reaping crops where you did not sow seed, and gathering crops where you did not scatter seed”
25:24	m8an		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	θερίζων ὅπου οὐκ ἔσπειρας, καὶ συνάγων ὅθεν οὐ διεσκόρπισας	1	These two clauses mean the same thing. The slave says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize how **strict** he thinks the master is. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “surely harvesting crops that you did not plant”
25:24	xj4e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	θερίζων ὅπου οὐκ ἔσπειρας, καὶ συνάγων ὅθεν οὐ διεσκόρπισας	1	In these two clauses, the slave is speaking of the master as if he were a farmer who harvests a crop that someone else had planted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “benefitting from the labor of other people” or “like a farmer who reaps crops where he did not sow seed and gathers crops where he did not scatter seed”
25:25	nowo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	καὶ φοβηθεὶς ἀπελθὼν, ἔκρυψα τὸ τάλαντόν σου ἐν τῇ γῇ. ἴδε, ἔχεις τὸ σόν	1	This verse continues a direct quotation within a direct quotation that began in the previous verse. If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “He also told his master that, having become afraid, he went away and hid the master’s talent in the ground. He told his master to behold, he had what was his”
25:25	wl5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	φοβηθεὶς	1	This clause may refer to: (1) the result of knowing what the slave stated in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “this made me afraid, so, going away” (2) the reason why the slave went away and **hid** the master’s money in the ground. Alternate translation: “since I was afraid, going away”
25:26	u6do		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπεν αὐτῷ, πονηρὲ δοῦλε καὶ ὀκνηρέ! ᾔδεις ὅτι θερίζω ὅπου οὐκ ἔσπειρα, καὶ συνάγω ὅθεν οὐ διεσκόρπισα	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said to him that he was a wicked and lazy slave. He knew that the master reaped where he did not sow and harvested where he did not scatter”
25:26	he3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	θερίζω ὅπου οὐκ ἔσπειρα, καὶ συνάγω ὅθεν οὐ διεσκόρπισα	1	See how you translated the similar clauses in [25:24](../25/24.md).
25:27	hmdo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἔδει σε οὖν βαλεῖν τὰ ἀργύριά μου τοῖς τραπεζείταις, καὶ ἐλθὼν, ἐγὼ ἐκομισάμην ἂν τὸ ἐμὸν σὺν τόκῳ	1	This verse continues a direct quotation within a direct quotation that began in the previous verse. If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Therefore, it was necessary for him to have placed the master’s money with the bankers, and having come, he would have received back his money with interest”
25:27	rhg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	βαλεῖν τὰ ἀργύριά μου τοῖς τραπεζείταις & σὺν τόκῳ	1	Here, **bankers** refers to people who accept deposits of money and use them to make loans. They pay an **interest** premium on the deposits and charges an **interest** premium on the loans. If your culture does not have **bankers**, or if your culture does not allow **interest** payments, you could translate this in a different way that would be meaningful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to let someone borrow my money … with a share of the profits”
25:28	cq5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἄρατε οὖν ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ τὸ τάλαντον, καὶ δότε τῷ ἔχοντι τὰ δέκα τάλαντα	1	This verse continues a direct quotation within a direct quotation that began in the previous verse. If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Therefore, the master commanded that his other slaves take away the talent from him and give it to the one having the ten talents”
25:28	paw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄρατε & ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ τὸ τάλαντον	1	The master says this command to other servants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you other servants take away the talent from him”
25:29	e5py		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῷ & ἔχοντι παντὶ	1	The master implies that **everyone having** are those servants who use what has been given to them faithfully to earn more money. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to everyone who uses the money wisely that I have given him”
25:29	r7lv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	δοθήσεται	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form, and you could state who will do the action. Alternate translation: “I will give it”
25:29	xv1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	δοθήσεται καὶ περισσευθήσεται	1	Both occurrences of **it** here refer to more of what the master has already given to his servants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “more of what he has will be given and what he has will abound”
25:29	b93i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	τοῦ & μὴ ἔχοντος, καὶ ὃ ἔχει ἀρθήσεται ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ	1	The master is speaking of a group of people in general, not of one particular person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “from the people not having, even what they have will be taken away from them”
25:29	pcr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ & μὴ ἔχοντος	1	The master implies that **the one not having** is any slave who does not use what he has been given faithfully to earn more money. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from the one who does not use the money wisely that I have given him”
25:29	mdc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀρθήσεται	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form, and you could state who will do the action. Alternate translation: “I will take away”
25:30	t24f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	καὶ τὸν ἀχρεῖον δοῦλον, ἐκβάλετε εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον; ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων	1	This verse continues a direct quotation within a direct quotation that began in the previous verses. If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And the master commanded his slaves to throw out the worthless slave into the outer darkness, where there would be weeping and grinding of the teeth”
25:30	c2vb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον	1	See how you translated this in [8:12](../08/12.md).
25:30	zy3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων	1	See how you translated this in [8:12](../08/12.md).
25:31	qtg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that Jesus has finished telling the story in [25:14–30](../25/14.md) and is about to tell his disciples how he will judge people when he returns at the end time. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event.
25:31	e7um		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Jesus is referring to himself in the third person in [25:31–33](../25/31.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person, as in the UST.
25:31	mu1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The phrase **Son of Man** is an important title for Jesus.
25:31	lkn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and shows how glorious he is”
25:31	gx81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	καθίσει ἐπὶ θρόνου δόξης αὐτοῦ	1	Jesus’ hearers would have known that a king sits on his **throne** in order to rule as king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See how you translated a similar expression in [19:28](../19/28.md). Alternate translation: “he will sit on his glorious throne to rule as king”
25:32	n91c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	αὐτοῦ & ἀφοριεῖ	1	Jesus is referring to himself in the third person throughout this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person, as in the UST.
25:32	f2w9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	συναχθήσονται & πάντα τὰ ἔθνη	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The angels may be the ones doing the action, as suggested by [13:41](../13/41.md), [13:49](../13/49.md) and the reference to angels in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “his angels will gather all the nations”
25:32	ndf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πάντα τὰ ἔθνη	1	Here, **nations** refers to people who live in **all the nations**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people from all the nations”
25:32	nk18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ὥσπερ ὁ ποιμὴν ἀφορίζει τὰ πρόβατα ἀπὸ τῶν ἐρίφων	1	Jesus compares separating people into two groups to a **shepherd** separating two different types of animals into two groups. If your readers would be unfamiliar with shepherding or these animals, you could use an equivalent comparison or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “just as someone separates two different types of animals into two groups” or “into two groups”
25:33	bptq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	στήσει & αὐτοῦ & εὐωνύμων	1	Jesus is referring to himself in the third person throughout this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person, as in the UST.
25:33	pbq9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τὰ & πρόβατα & τὰ & ἐρίφια	1	Here Jesus refers to true believers, whom he calls “the righteous ones” in [25:37](../25/37.md), as **sheep**. He also refers to unbelievers as **goats**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the true believers … the unbelievers”
25:33	quw4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ & εὐωνύμων	1	In this verse Jesus is using the adjectives **right** and **left** as nouns in order to indicate his **right** and **left** sides. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could state that specifically. Alternate translation: “his right side … his left side”
25:33	wh9m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἐκ δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ	1	The **right** side of a ruler was a position of great honor and authority. By placing the **sheep on his right**, Jesus was symbolically conferring honor and authority on them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the place of honor on his right”
25:34	t8pp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Βασιλεὺς & αὐτοῦ	1	Here, **the King** is another title for the Son of Man, who is Jesus. Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person, as in the UST.
25:34	ngbp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἐκ δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ, δεῦτε οἱ εὐλογημένοι τοῦ Πατρός μου, κληρονομήσατε τὴν ἡτοιμασμένην ὑμῖν βασιλείαν ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου	1	A direct quotation within a direct quotation begins here and continues until the end of [25:36](../25/36.md). If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “at his right that they have been blessed by his Father and should come inherit the kingdom prepared for them from the foundation of the world”
25:34	rb4e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ	1	See how you translated **his right** in the previous verse.
25:34	ze81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οἱ εὐλογημένοι τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you whom my Father has blessed”
25:34	h2k9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	**Father** is an important title for God.
25:34	b57r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἡτοιμασμένην ὑμῖν	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God has prepared for you”
25:34	w1du		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	κληρονομήσατε	1	Here Jesus speaks of being able to live in **the kingdom** of God as if **the kingdom** were property that people could **inherit** from their parents. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “live in”
25:34	cdi8			ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου	1	Alternate translation: “since he first created the world”
25:35	bd6m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἐπείνασα γὰρ καὶ ἐδώκατέ μοι φαγεῖν, ἐδίψησα καὶ ἐποτίσατέ με, ξένος ἤμην καὶ συνηγάγετέ με	1	This verse is a direct quotation within a direct quotation that began in the previous verse and continues until the end of [25:36](../25/36.md). If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “For he was hungry, and they gave him to eat; he was thirsty, and they gave him to drink; he was a stranger, and they invited him in”
25:35	wchh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why righteous people inherit the kingdom, as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “Inherit the kingdom because”
25:35	f9zg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἐδώκατέ μοι φαγεῖν & ἐποτίσατέ με & συνηγάγετέ με	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “you gave me food to eat … you gave me something to drink … you invited me into your homes”
25:36	ur3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	γυμνὸς καὶ περιεβάλετέ με, ἠσθένησα καὶ ἐπεσκέψασθέ με, ἐν φυλακῇ ἤμην καὶ ἤλθατε πρός με	1	This verse is a direct quotation within a direct quotation that began in [25:34](../25/34.md) and continues until the end of this verse. If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he was naked, and they clothed him; he was sick, and they cared for him; he was in prison, and they came to him”
25:37	pdp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγοντες, Κύριε, πότε σε εἴδομεν πεινῶντα καὶ ἐθρέψαμεν, ἢ διψῶντα καὶ ἐποτίσαμεν	1	A direct quotation within a direct quotation begins here and continues until the end of [25:39](../25/39.md). If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “asking their master when they saw him hungry and fed him or thirsty and gave him to drink”
25:37	yh3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	διψῶντα καὶ ἐποτίσαμεν	1	The **righteous ones** are leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause and from the similar phrase in [25:35](../25/35.md). Alternate translation: “when did we see you thirsty and give you something to drink”
25:38	us2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	πότε δέ σε εἴδομεν ξένον καὶ συνηγάγομεν, ἢ γυμνὸν καὶ περιεβάλομεν	1	This verse is a direct quotation within a direct quotation that began in the previous verse and continues until the end of [25:39](../25/39.md). If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And they asked when they saw him a stranger and invited him in, or naked and clothed him.”
25:38	fh6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	συνηγάγομεν	1	See how you translated the similar phrase in [25:35](../25/35.md).
25:38	h52x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	γυμνὸν καὶ περιεβάλομεν	1	The “righteous ones” are leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “when did we see you naked and clothe you”
25:39	wwpp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	πότε δέ σε εἴδομεν ἀσθενῆ ἢ ἐν φυλακῇ, καὶ ἤλθομεν πρός σε?	1	A direct quotation within a direct quotation that began in [25:37](../25/37.md) continues until the end of this verse. If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And they asked when they saw him sick or in prison and came to him”
25:40	m6mi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Βασιλεὺς	1	See how you translated the same use of **King** in [25:34](../25/34.md).
25:40	i2aq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοῖς	1	The pronoun **them** here refers to the “righteous ones” to whom **the King** spoke in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to the righteous ones”
25:40	sjbd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	αὐτοῖς, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν, ἐφ’ ὅσον ἐποιήσατε ἑνὶ τούτων τῶν ἀδελφῶν μου τῶν ἐλαχίστων, ἐμοὶ ἐποιήσατε	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “to them that he said truly to them, to the extent that they did it for one of the least of those brothers of his, they did it for him”
25:40	mhe2			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	See how you translated this phrase in [5:18](../05/18.md).
25:40	acs3			τῶν ἐλαχίστων	1	Alternate translation: “of the least significant”
25:40	nh4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	τῶν ἀδελφῶν	1	Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Jesus is using the word here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters”
25:40	nkbe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-kinship	τῶν ἀδελφῶν μου	1	The phrase **brothers of mine** here does not refer to Jesus’ actual **brothers**, but he is referring to everyone who believes in him as his **brothers**. Jesus says this because he considers them to be part of his spiritual family. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who are like brothers to me” or “who are like family to me”
25:40	k4hb			ἐμοὶ ἐποιήσατε	1	Alternate translation: “I consider that you did it for me” or “it is as if you did it for me”
25:41	z1nh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ἐρεῖ καὶ & εὐωνύμων	1	In this verse Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person, as in the UST.
25:41	aox4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	εὐωνύμων	1	See how you translated this phrase in [25:33](../25/33.md).
25:41	wii6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἐρεῖ καὶ τοῖς ἐξ εὐωνύμων, πορεύεσθε ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ κατηραμένοι εἰς τὸ πῦρ τὸ αἰώνιον, τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τῷ διαβόλῳ καὶ τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ	1	Here a direct quotation within a direct quotation begins and continues until the end of [25:43](../25/43.md). If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he also will say to the ones on his left that they should depart from him, being accursed ones, into the eternal fire that has been prepared for the devil and his angels”
25:41	pr8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	κατηραμένοι	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you whom God has cursed”
25:41	hqf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God has prepared”
25:42	u2od		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ἐπείνασα γὰρ καὶ οὐκ ἐδώκατέ μοι φαγεῖν, ἐδίψησα καὶ οὐκ ἐποτίσατέ με	1	This verse is a direct quotation within a direct quotation that began in the previous verse and continues until the end of [25:43](../25/43.md). If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “For he was hungry, and they did not give him to eat; he was thirsty, and they did not give him to drink”
25:42	yrvn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why the “accursed ones” must go “into the eternal fire,” as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “Go into the eternal fire because”
25:42	fbyb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὐκ ἐδώκατέ μοι φαγεῖν & οὐκ ἐποτίσατέ με	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “you did not give me food to eat … you did not give me something to drink”
25:43	h45r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ξένος ἤμην καὶ οὐ συνηγάγετέ με, γυμνὸς καὶ οὐ περιεβάλετέ με, ἀσθενὴς καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ καὶ οὐκ ἐπεσκέψασθέ με	1	A direct quotation within a direct quotation that began in [25:41](../25/41.md) continues until the end of this verse. If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “He was a stranger, and they did not invite him in; naked, and they did not clothe him; sick and in prison, and they did not care for him”
25:43	g6ec		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	οὐ συνηγάγετέ με, γυμνὸς καὶ οὐ περιεβάλετέ με, ἀσθενὴς καὶ ἐν φυλακῇ	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “you invited me into your homes; I was naked, and you did not clothe me; I was sick and in prison”
25:44	hiy6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτοὶ	1	The pronoun **they** here refers to the “accursed ones” on Jesus’ left side whom he spoke to in the previous two verses. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those accursed ones” or “those on his left side”
25:44	bnny		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγοντες, Κύριε, πότε σε εἴδομεν πεινῶντα, ἢ διψῶντα, ἢ ξένον, ἢ γυμνὸν, ἢ ἀσθενῆ, ἢ ἐν φυλακῇ, καὶ οὐ διηκονήσαμέν σοι?	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “asking their master when did they see him hungry, or hungry, or a stranger, or sick, or in prison, and did not serve him.”
25:45	nlkm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ἀποκριθήσεται	1	Here Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person, as in the UST.
25:45	zc8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	λέγων, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν, ἐφ’ ὅσον οὐκ ἐποιήσατε ἑνὶ τούτων τῶν ἐλαχίστων, οὐδὲ ἐμοὶ ἐποιήσατε	1	If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that he said truly to them, to the extent that they did not do it for one of the least of those, they did not do it for him”
25:45	uryd			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	See how you translated this phrase in [5:18](../05/18.md).
25:45	j8r5			τῶν ἐλαχίστων	1	See how you translated this phrase in [25:40](../25/40.md).
25:45	nm2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τούτων	1	Here, **these** refers to believers, whom Jesus calls “brothers of mine” in [25:40](../25/40.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of these brothers of mine” or “of these people who are like family to me”
25:45	whu5			οὐδὲ ἐμοὶ ἐποιήσατε.	1	Alternate translation: “I consider that you did not do it for me” or “I was really the one whom you did not help”
25:46	m6me		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	οὗτοι	1	Here, **these** refers to the “accursed ones” on Jesus’ left side whom he has been speaking to in the previous three verses. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those accursed ones” or “those on his left side”
25:46	nj72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἀπελεύσονται & εἰς κόλασιν αἰώνιον & εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	Here, **eternal punishment** refers to the place where the unrighteous people will be punished, and **eternal life** refers to place where the righteous people will be rewarded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will go away into the place where they will be eternally punished … into the place where they will live eternally”
25:46	kq5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “will go into eternal life”
26:intro	mtq8				0	# Matthew 26 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in [26:31](../26/31.md), which is quoted from the Old Testament.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sheep\n\nSheep are a common image used in Scripture to refer to the people of Israel. In [26:31](../26/31.md), however, Jesus uses the words “the sheep” to refer to his disciples and to say that they would run away when he was arrested.\n\n### Passover\n\nThe Passover festival was when the Jews celebrated the day God killed the firstborn sons of the Egyptians but “passed over” the Israelites and let them live.\n\n### The meaning of the “body” and “blood” of Jesus\n\n[26:26–28](./26.md) describes Jesus’ last meal with his followers. During this meal, Jesus said of the bread, “This is my body,” and of the wine, “This is my blood of the covenant, that is being poured out for many.” As Jesus instructed, Christian churches around the world re-enact this meal regularly, calling it “the Lord’s Supper,” the “Eucharist”, or “Holy Communion.” But they have different understandings of what Jesus meant by these sayings. Some churches believe that Jesus was speaking figuratively and that he meant that the bread and wine represented his body and blood. Other churches believe that he was speaking literally and that the actual body and blood of Jesus are really present in the bread and wine of this ceremony. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Judas’ kiss for Jesus\n\n[26:49](../mat/26/49.md) describes how Judas kissed Jesus so the soldiers would know whom to arrest. In this culture, when men greeted other men who were family or friends, they would **kiss** them on one cheek or on both cheeks. If your readers would find it embarrassing if you said that one man would kiss another man, you could explain the purpose of the gesture, or you could translate the expression in a more general way. You might say, for example, that Judas “kissed Jesus on the cheek as a greeting” or that Judas “gave Jesus a friendly greeting.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])\n\n### “I am able to destroy the temple of God”\n\nTwo men accused Jesus of saying that he could destroy the temple in Jerusalem and then rebuild it “in three days” ([26:61](../26/61.md)). They were accusing him of insulting God by claiming that God had given him the authority to destroy the temple and the power to rebuild it. What Jesus actually said was that if the Jewish authorities were to destroy this temple, he would certainly raise it up in three days ([John 2:19](../jhn/02/19.md)).
26:1	i35c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	καὶ ἐγένετο ὅτε	1	See how you translated this phrase in [11:1](../11/01.md).
26:1	z15a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους	1	Matthew is leaving out a word that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply the word from the context. Alternate translation: “speaking all these words”
26:1	xiv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους	1	Here, **these words** refers to everything that Jesus taught in [24:3](../24/03.md)–[25:46](../25/46.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “all these teachings about what would happen in the future” or “all these teachings about his return to earth and the final judgment”
26:2	eyoq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Jesus is referring to himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person, as in the UST.
26:2	g4lh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται εἰς τὸ σταυρωθῆναι	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone will hand over the Son of Man to other people, who will crucify him”
26:3	eps8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	συνήχθησαν & τοῦ λεγομένου Καϊάφα	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “came together … whose name was Caiaphas”
26:5	u4fh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	μὴ ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ	1	The chief priests and elders are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “We should not kill Jesus during the festival”
26:5	s9p7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῇ ἑορτῇ	1	Here, **the festival** refers the Passover **festival**, as indicated in [26:2](../26/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Passover festival”
26:6	zq3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows in [26:6–13](../26/06.md) is a new event that happened around the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Around that time,”
26:6	hg3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Σίμωνος τοῦ λεπροῦ	1	Matthew implies that this **Simon** is a man whom Jesus had healed from leprosy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of Simon, a man whom Jesus had healed of leprosy”
26:7	yxf8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῷ & αὐτοῦ ἀνακειμένου	1	The pronoun **he** refers to Jesus. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus … Jesus’ … as Jesus is reclining to eat”
26:7	sjky		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	ἀλάβαστρον μύρου βαρυτίμου	1	Matthew is using the possessive form to describe a **jar** that is filled with **very expensive perfumed oil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “an alabaster jar full of very expensive perfumed oil”
26:7	bhs8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἀλάβαστρον	1	Here, **alabaster jar** refers to a small container made out of expensive stone. If your readers would not be familiar with this stone, you could use the name of a stone in your area that is expensive and used for making costly containers, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a costly stone container”
26:7	yu67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	μύρου βαρυτίμου	1	Here, **perfumed oil** refers to a liquid made from the oils of pleasant-smelling plants and flowers. This oil was put on a person’s skin or hair in order for that person to smell pleasant. If your readers would not be familiar with this oil, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “of very precious scented liquid”
26:7	li2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	ἀνακειμένου	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “as he was reclining to eat”
26:7	ukb9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἀνακειμένου	1	At a relaxed meal such as this one, it was the custom in this culture for host and guests to eat while lying down comfortably around a table that was close to the ground. You could translate this by using the expression in your language for the customary posture at a meal. See how you translated the similar phrase in [9:10](../09/10.md). Alternate translation: “as he was sitting down at the table to eat”
26:8	yd03		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	οἱ μαθηταὶ ἠγανάκτησαν λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “the disciples became angry and said”
26:8	rgp2			εἰς τί ἡ ἀπώλεια αὕτη	1	Alternate translation: “What is the purpose for this waste”
26:8	vit4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	εἰς τί ἡ ἀπώλεια αὕτη?	1	Here the disciples are not asking for information. They ask this question to express their anger over the woman’s actions. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “What a waste!” or “This is such a waste of perfume!”
26:9	y83e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐδύνατο & τοῦτο πραθῆναι πολλοῦ καὶ δοθῆναι	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she could have sold this for much and given”
26:9	s9zx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τοῦτο	1	Here, **this** refers to the jar full of perfumed oil that the woman poured on Jesus’ head in [26:7](../26/07.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this perfumed oil”
26:9	rkx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	πολλοῦ καὶ δοθῆναι	1	Matthew is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “for much money and that money to be given”
26:9	f76h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	πτωχοῖς	1	Matthew is using the adjective **poor** as a noun in order to describe a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “to people who are poor”
26:10	pfv1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί κόπους παρέχετε τῇ γυναικί?	1	Jesus is not asking for information here. He asks this question in order to rebuke his disciples. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You should not cause trouble for the woman!”
26:10	fg3v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	παρέχετε	1	Here, **you** is plural and refers to the disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “are you disciples causing”
26:10	aieo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κόπους παρέχετε & ἔργον & καλὸν	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **trouble** and **work**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “are you troubling … something good”
26:11	wsp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τοὺς πτωχοὺς	1	See how you translated **the poor** in [26:9](../26/09.md).
26:11	o93p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐμὲ & οὐ πάντοτε ἔχετε	1	In this phrase Jesus implies that he would not always be with them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you do not always have me with you”
26:12	vk5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	τὸ μύρον	1	See how you translated **perfumed oil** in [26:7](../26/07.md).
26:13	xs1w			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	See how you translated this phrase in [5:18](../05/18.md).
26:13	g45l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὅπου ἐὰν κηρυχθῇ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦτο	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “wherever people preach this gospel”
26:13	s12m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	λαληθήσεται καὶ ὃ ἐποίησεν αὕτη εἰς μνημόσυνον αὐτῆς	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “in memory of her people will speak of what she has done”
26:14	lo3e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential	τότε πορευθεὶς & πρὸς τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς	1	**Then** here indicates that what happens in this verse took place after what took place in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could show this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation (without a comma at the end of the verse): “After Jesus said this, … went to the chief priests and”
26:14	got6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῶν δώδεκα	1	Matthew is using the adjective **Twelve** as a noun in order to indicate a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. See how you translated **Twelve** in [10:5](../10/05.md). Alternate translation: “of the 12 apostles” or “of the 12 men whom he had appointed to be apostles”
26:14	e4gk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ λεγόμενος	1	See how you translated **named** in [26:3](../26/03.md).
26:15	pics		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	τί	1	**What** here is referring to an amount of money. This is a polite way of asking to be paid money. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this or you could state this plainly. Alternate translation: “How much money”
26:15	es4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτόν & αὐτῷ	1	While the first occurrence of **him** in this verse refers to Jesus, the second occurrence of **him** refers to Judas Iscariot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
26:15	x7zx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αὐτῷ	1	The phrase **for him** implies that the chief priests gave the **pieces of silver** to Judas. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in order to give them to him”
26:16	w1e4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αὐτὸν παραδῷ	1	Matthew implies that Jesus would **betray** Jesus by helping the chief priests arrest him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he might betray Jesus by helping the chief priests arrest him”
26:17	f3s2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows in [26:17–25](../26/17.md) a new event that happened shortly after the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Some time later,”
26:17	med9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῶν Ἀζύμων	1	**Unleavened Bread** here refers to the Festival of Unleavened Bread that began at Passover and lasted for one week. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the Festival of Unleavened Bread”
26:17	zkpv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	λέγοντες	1	Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and they said”
26:17	xm39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ Πάσχα	1	Here, **the Passover** refers to the meal that people ate together on that occasion. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the Passover meal”
26:18	hc78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	ὑπάγετε εἰς τὴν πόλιν πρὸς τὸν δεῖνα καὶ εἴπατε αὐτῷ, ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγει, ὁ καιρός μου ἐγγύς ἐστιν; πρὸς σὲ ποιῶ τὸ Πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου.	1	This verse has three levels of direct quotations. If direct quotations inside direct quotations would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second-level and third-level direct quotations as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “Go into the city to such a man and say to him that the Teacher says that his time is near. He is doing the Passover at your house with his disciples.”
26:18	s2sj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν πόλιν	1	Here, **the city** refers to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the city of Jerusalem”
26:18	r4tg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ καιρός μου	1	**My time** here could refer to: (1) the time that Jesus had arranged beforehand with the **man** to use a room in his house for the Passover meal. Alternate translation: “The time I arranged with you” (2) the time God had appointed for Jesus to die. Alternate translation: “The time God appointed for me”
26:18	j9pz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ Πάσχα	1	See how you translated the same use of **the Passover** in the previous verse.
26:19	vel7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ Πάσχα	1	See how you translated the same use of **the Passover** in the [26:17](../26/17.md).
26:20	bga4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἀνέκειτο	1	See how you translated this phrase in [26:7](../26/07.md).
26:20	js7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῶν δώδεκα	1	See how you translated **the Twelve** in [26:14](../26/14.md).
26:21	ehx6			ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	See how you translated this phrase in [5:18](../05/18.md).
26:22	n12r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι, Κύριε?	1	This could be: (1) a rhetorical question, which means that the apostles were sure they would not betray Jesus. Alternate translation: “Surely not I, Lord!” (2) a sincere question, which means that Jesus’ statement troubled and confused them. Alternate translation: “Could it be me, Lord?”
26:22	r2it		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι, Κύριε	1	The disciples are leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “Surely it is not I who will betray you, Lord”
26:23	mpnm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ὁ ἐμβάψας μετ’ ἐμοῦ τὴν χεῖρα ἐν τῷ τρυβλίῳ	1	This refers to someone using **his hand** to dip a piece of bread into some sauce or liquid food that is in a dish. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The one having dipped bread with me into the sauce that is in the dish”
26:24	n7dw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ μὲν Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει καθὼς γέγραπται περὶ αὐτοῦ, οὐαὶ δὲ τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ δι’ οὗ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται	1	Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, will depart just as it is written about me. But woe to that man by whom I am betrayed”
26:24	x2n9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	ὑπάγει	1	Here, **depart** is a polite way to refer to dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be put to death”
26:24	vix3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	καθὼς γέγραπται	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This phrase specifically refers to what the prophets wrote in the Hebrew Scriptures. Alternate translation: “just as the prophets wrote”
26:24	eqcu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καθὼς γέγραπται	1	Jesus assumes that his hearers will understand that by using **it is written**, he means that it is prophesied in the Old Testament Scriptures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is referring to the Scriptures. Alternate translation: “just as it has been written in the Scriptures”
26:24	hai5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐκείνῳ δι’ οὗ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to that man who betrays the Son of Man”
26:24	vy1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἐγεννήθη ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that man’s mother had not given birth to him”
26:25	vpq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι, Ῥαββεί?	1	Judas is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to deny that he will betray Jesus. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely it is not I, Rabbi!”
26:25	ex1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι, Ῥαββεί	1	The disciples are leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “Surely it is not I who will betray you, Rabbi”
26:25	oee7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	λέγει αὐτῷ	1	**He** here refers to Jesus and **him** refers to **Judas**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jesus said to Judas”
26:25	y9lk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	σὺ εἶπας	1	This is an idiom that Jesus uses to give an affirmative answer to Judas’ question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “It is as you have said yourself” or “You are admitting it”
26:26	qh16		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows in [26:26–56](../26/26.md) is a new event that happened shortly after the time of the events that the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Soon after,”
26:26	y6me		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἄρτον	1	The term **bread** refers to a loaf of **bread**, which is a lump of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. The **bread** referred to here was a flat loaf of unleavened **bread** that was eaten as part of the Passover meal. Alternate translation: “a loaf of bread”
26:26	rb65		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄρτον	1	Since Jews did not eat **bread** made with yeast during this festival, this **bread** would not have had any yeast in it and it would have been flat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “a flat loaf of unleavened bread”
26:26	mr5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εὐλογήσας	1	This could mean: (1) Jesus thanked God for providing the **bread**. Alternate translation: “having blessed God for it” (2) Jesus asked God to bless the **bread**. Alternate translation: “having asked God to bless it”
26:26	yg2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	λάβετε, φάγετε	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “Take some of this bread and eat it”
26:26	tkiu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου	1	See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter about how to translate this sentence. See also how it is translated in [Mark 14:22](../../mrk/14/22.md). Christians understand this phrase to be: (1) a metaphor. Alternate translation: “This represents my body” (2) literal. Alternate translation: “My body is really present in this bread”
26:27	tn39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ποτήριον	1	Here, **cup** refers to both the **cup** and the wine that was in it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a cup of wine”
26:27	zb1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εὐχαριστήσας	1	Matthew implies that Jesus thanked God for the wine. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having given thanks to God”
26:28	l55a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦτο	1	Here, **this** refers to the wine in the cup that was mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this wine”
26:28	o1zn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῦτο & ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης, τὸ περὶ πολλῶν ἐκχυννόμενον	1	See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter about how to translate this sentence. See also how it is translated in [Mark 14:24](../../mrk/14/24.md). This phrase could be: (1) a metaphor. Alternate translation: “this wine represents my blood that establishes the covenant, and it is my blood that I will pour out for many” (2) literal. Alternate translation: “my blood of the covenant, which is being poured out for many, is really present in this wine”
26:28	ct81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	τοῦτο & ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης, τὸ περὶ πολλῶν ἐκχυννόμενον	1	The phrase **of the** introduces the purpose for Jesus shedding his **blood**. Jesus is stating that the purpose for him shedding his **blood** is to establish the new **covenant**. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose. Alternate translation: “this is my blood which is being poured out for many for the purpose of establishing God’s covenant” or “This is my blood which is being poured out for many for the purpose of making God’s covenant with his people”
26:28	bms3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐκχυννόμενον	1	Jesus is referring to the way his **blood** is going to be **poured out** when he dies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active form. Alternate translation: “which I will pour out”
26:28	bqc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **forgiveness** and **sins**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “forgiving the sinful things people have done”
26:29	l556		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	οὐ μὴ	1	The phrase **certainly not** translates two negative words in Greek. Jesus uses them together for emphasis. If your language can use two negatives together for emphasis without them cancelling each other to create a positive meaning, it would be appropriate to use that construction here.
26:29	h85b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου	1	This is an idiom that refers to wine. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
26:29	domn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης	1	Here Jesus uses the term **day** to refer to a particular period of time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language, as in the UST.
26:29	tsjk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αὐτὸ πίνω μεθ’ ὑμῶν καινὸν	1	Here, **new** could refer to: (1) Jesus, and therefore would mean “again” or “in a new way.” See the parallel account in [Luke 22:18](../../luk/22/18.md) where Jesus seems to mean this. Alternate translation: “I drink it in a new way with you” or “I drink it anew with you” (2) the wine and thus would be referring to drinking a new type or quality of wine. Alternate translation: “I drink new wine with you”
26:29	q8zs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	See how you translated the phrase “the kingdom of the heavens” in [3:2](../03/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language to understand the abstract noun **kingdom**, you could express the idea behind it with a verb such as “rule,” as in the UST.
26:29	m9vq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	**Father** is an important title for God.
26:30	ed5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ὑμνήσαντες	1	A **hymn** is a song or poem that is sung to praise God. The Jews would traditionally sing a psalm from Psalms 113–118 at the end of the Passover meal, so the **hymn** that Jesus and his disciples sang was likely one of these psalms. If your readers would not be familiar with a **hymn**, you could use the name for religious songs in your culture, if you have them, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “having sung a psalm” or “having sung a song of praise to God”
26:31	svl0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σκανδαλισθήσεσθε ἐν ἐμοὶ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will stumble because of me”
26:31	v8yl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σκανδαλισθήσεσθε ἐν ἐμοὶ	1	Jesus is speaking as if his disciples would literally **stumble** or fall down. He means that they will desert him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will leave me on account of what happens to me”
26:31	bvf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	γέγραπται	1	Here Jesus uses the phrase **it is written** to introduce a quotation from an Old Testament book ([Zechariah 13:7](../../zec/13/07.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Jesus is quoting from an important text. Alternate translation: “it is written in the Scriptures”
26:31	c4k1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γέγραπται	1	If your language does not use the passive form, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. What follows is a quotation from [Zechariah 13:7](../../zec/13/07.md). Alternate translation: “Zechariah wrote”
26:31	eq8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	γέγραπται γάρ, πατάξω τὸν ποιμένα, καὶ διασκορπισθήσονται τὰ πρόβατα τῆς ποίμνης	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “because Zechariah the prophet wrote that God would strike the shepherd and the sheep of the flock would be scattered” or “because Zechariah the prophet predicted in the Scriptures that God would strike the shepherd and the sheep of the flock would be scattered”
26:31	mc1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	πατάξω τὸν ποιμένα, καὶ διασκορπισθήσονται τὰ πρόβατα τῆς ποίμνης	1	Jesus is quoting a prophecy from [Zechariah 13:7](../zec/13/07.md) in which the prophet Zechariah speaks of the Messiah as if he were a **shepherd** and of the Messiah’s followers as if they were **sheep** that belonged to his **flock**. Since this is a quotation from Scripture, translate the words directly rather than providing an explanation of them, even if your language does not customarily use such figures of speech. If you want to explain the meaning of the metaphor, we recommend that you do that in a footnote rather than in the Bible text.
26:31	u1t5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πατάξω	1	Here, **I** refers to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I, God, will strike”
26:31	ccyh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πατάξω	1	Here, **strike** means to kill someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will kill”
26:31	rvk1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	διασκορπισθήσονται τὰ πρόβατα τῆς ποίμνης	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the sheep of the flock will run away”
26:32	pj2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τὸ ἐγερθῆναί με	1	Here, **raise up** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I become alive again”
26:32	xuyz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸ ἐγερθῆναί με	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God raises me up” or “God brings me back to life”
26:32	tipu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	προάξω ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν	1	Jesus implies that his disciples will meet him in **Galilee**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I will go ahead of you into Galilee and we will meet there”
26:33	u6r9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σκανδαλισθήσονται & σκανδαλισθήσομαι	1	If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will stumble … will stumble”
26:33	m2un		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	σκανδαλισθήσονται & σκανδαλισθήσομαι	1	See how you translated **stumble** in [26:31](../26/31.md). Alternate translation: “will leave you … will leave you”
26:34	sf9x			ἀμὴν, λέγω σοι	1	See how you translated the similar phrase in [5:18](../05/18.md).
26:34	ui4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι	1	Jesus is referring to a certain time of day. A **rooster crows** just before the sun appears in the morning. In other words, Jesus is referring to dawn. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “before a rooster crows as morning begins”
26:34	lx5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι	1	A **rooster** is a bird that calls out loudly around the time the sun comes up. If your readers would not be familiar with this bird, you could use the name of a bird in your area that calls out or sings just before dawn, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “before the birds begin to sing in the morning”
26:34	b2rh			τρὶς ἀπαρνήσῃ με	1	Alternate translation: “you will deny three times that you know me”
26:35	ywnd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
26:36	lm3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	λεγόμενον Γεθσημανεὶ	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language, as in the UST.
26:37	ny4m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοὺς δύο υἱοὺς Ζεβεδαίου	1	This phrase refers to the disciples James and John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
26:38	l5ic		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he said”
26:38	gf7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου	1	Here, **soul** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am deeply sorrowful”
26:38	c43t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἕως θανάτου	1	The phrase **to the point of death** refers to feeling like one is about to die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I feel as if I could die”
26:39	kcz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ	1	This phrase is an idiom that means that he bowed down. Make sure that it is clear in your translation that Jesus did not fall down accidentally. Alternate translation: “he knelt down and touched the ground with his face” or “he bowed down to the ground”
26:39	nuv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πάτερ	1	**Father** is an important title for God.
26:39	f254		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	παρελθέτω ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο	1	Jesus is referring to the suffering he will soon experience as if it were a **cup** of bitter-tasting liquid that he would have to drink. Alternate translation: “please spare me from these sufferings”
26:39	k5in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	πλὴν οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω, ἀλλ’ ὡς σύ	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “Yet, do not do what I want, but do what you want to do”
26:40	luh9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	ἔρχεται & εὑρίσκει & λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he came … found … he said”
26:40	hq2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοὺς μαθητὰς	1	Here, **the disciples** refers specifically to Peter, James, and John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Peter, James, and John”
26:40	tdl8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λέγει τῷ Πέτρῳ	1	Here Matthew implies that Jesus woke up **Peter** before speaking to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he wakes up Peter and says to him”
26:40	ev7s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	οὐκ ἰσχύσατε & γρηγορῆσαι	1	Although Jesus is speaking to **Peter**, **you** here is plural and refers to Peter, James, and John. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “were the three of you not able to stay alert”
26:40	c11a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὕτως οὐκ ἰσχύσατε μίαν ὥραν γρηγορῆσαι μετ’ ἐμοῦ?	1	Jesus is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to scold Peter, James, and John. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You surely should have been able to stay alert with me for one hour!”
26:41	buv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	μὴ εἰσέλθητε εἰς πειρασμόν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **temptation**, you can express the idea behind it with a verb such as “tempt.” Alternate translation: “nothing will tempt you to sin”
26:41	ny5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ & πνεῦμα	1	Jesus is describing the inner part of a person (which includes their desires and will) by association with their **spirit**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or use plain language. Alternate translation: “The inner self” or “The inner person”
26:41	qme9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	πρόθυμον	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “is willing to do what is right” or “is willing to do what pleases God” or “is willing to obey me”
26:41	xlig		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	ἡ & σὰρξ ἀσθενής	1	Here, **flesh** could: (1) include the meaning of both option 2 and option 3 below and therefore **flesh** would refer to both the weakness of the human body and also to the deficiency of human desire and ability to do what is right. Alternate translation: “the body and your sinful human nature are weak” (2) refer to the human “body.” Alternate translation: “the body is weak” (3) refer to the sinful part of human nature that prefers to seek comfort and seek what it desires rather than obey God and do the things that please him. Alternate translation: “the sinful human nature is weak”
26:42	pz9l			ἀπελθὼν	1	Alternate translation: “after Jesus went away”
26:42	vbvh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	ἐκ δευτέρου	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for time two”
26:42	ch7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πάτερ μου	1	**Father** is an important title for God.
26:42	b6cn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	εἰ οὐ δύναται τοῦτο παρελθεῖν, ἐὰν μὴ αὐτὸ πίω	1	Here, **this** and **it** refer to the suffering that Jesus must endure, which he referred to as a “cup” of bitter-tasting liquid in [26:39](../26/39.md). He speaks of this suffering as if it were a bitter liquid that he must **drink**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly Alternate translation: “if this suffering is not able to pass away unless I endure it”
26:42	xsk1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “may what you want happen” or “do what you want to do”
26:43	ng7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, **for** indicates that what follows is the reason why the three disciples were **sleeping**. Use the most natural way in your language to express a reason. Alternate translation: “since”
26:43	lts9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἦσαν & αὐτῶν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ βεβαρημένοι	1	The phrase **their eyes were weighed down** is an idiom meaning “they were very tired.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “they were very sleepy” or “they were very tired”
26:44	v3i9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	ἐκ τρίτου	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for time three”
26:45	iaqe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	ἔρχεται & λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he came … said”
26:45	vvp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	καθεύδετε τὸ λοιπὸν καὶ ἀναπαύεσθε?	1	Jesus is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to scold Peter, James, and John. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You should not still be sleeping and taking your rest!”
26:45	dgx9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδοὺ	1	**Behold** is used by Jesus here to get his disciples to pay attention to what is about to happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
26:45	rw3r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἡ ὥρα	1	Jesus is using the term **hour** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the specific time”
26:45	g9hi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone is betraying the Son of Man”
26:45	ell4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται	1	Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “I, the Son of Man, am being betrayed”
26:45	g9eb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	εἰς χεῖρας ἁμαρτωλῶν	1	Here, **hands** refers to power or control. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “into the power of sinners” or “so that sinners will have power over him”
26:46	j7ur		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδοὺ	1	**Behold** is used by Jesus here to get his disciples to pay attention to what is about to happen. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
26:47	rlp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “as he was still speaking”
26:47	roz1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδοὺ	1	Matthew uses the term **behold** to call the reader’s attention to what he is about to say. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here.
26:47	czh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῶν δώδεκα	1	See how you translated **the Twelve** in [26:14](../26/14.md).
26:47	x33m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	καὶ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ὄχλος πολὺς	1	Matthew is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “and with him, there was a large crowd”
26:47	e26h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ξύλων	1	A “club” is a hard piece of wood that a person uses for hitting people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “sticks for hitting people”
26:48	qb4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	δὲ	1	**Now** here is used to mark a break in the main story line. Here Matthew tells background information about Judas and the **signal** he planned to use to betray Jesus.
26:48	gw8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	λέγων, ὃν ἂν φιλήσω, αὐτός ἐστιν; κρατήσατε αὐτόν.	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could state this direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that whomever he kissed was the one they should seize”
26:48	m23z			ὃν ἂν φιλήσω	1	Alternate translation: “The one I kiss” or “The man whom I kiss”
26:48	gqsx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ὃν ἂν φιλήσω	1	See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter of the symbolic significance of a greeting **kiss ** in this culture. Alternate translation: “Whomever I greet him by kissing him on the cheek” or “Whomever I give a friendly greeting”
26:48	nr34		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτός	1	Here, **him** refers to Jesus, whom the crowd had come to arrest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is the one whom you want to arrest”
26:49	uig8			προσελθὼν τῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	Alternate translation: “when Judas came up to Jesus”
26:49	cyb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	κατεφίλησεν αὐτόν	1	See how you translated “kiss” in the previous verse.
26:50	xehs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ἐφ’ ὃ πάρει	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “do that for which you are here”
26:50	w3d6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐπέβαλον τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ	1	Here, **laid hands on** is an idiom which means to take hold of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. Alternate translation: “took hold of”
26:50	vmd1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	ἐπέβαλον τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰησοῦν, καὶ ἐκράτησαν αὐτόν	1	The phrases **laid hands on** and **seized** mean the same thing. If saying the same thing twice might be confusing for your readers, you could combine these phrases into one. Alternate translation: “seized Jesus” or “seized him” or “took hold of Jesus in order to arrest him”
26:51	vm6s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδοὺ	1	Matthew uses the term **behold** here to call the reader’s attention to what is about to happen. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here.
26:52	o6m0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
26:52	tj6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ λαβόντες μάχαιραν	1	Here Jesus implies taking up **a sword** in order to kill someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the ones having taken up a sword to kill people”
26:52	w357		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐν μαχαίρῃ ἀπολοῦνται	1	Here Jesus implies that these people **will perish** by someone killing them with **a sword**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will be killed by someone else using a sword”
26:53	kgx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ἢ δοκεῖς ὅτι οὐ δύναμαι παρακαλέσαι τὸν Πατέρα μου, καὶ παραστήσει μοι ἄρτι πλείω δώδεκα λεγιῶνας ἀγγέλων?	1	Jesus is not asking for information but is using the question form here to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Surely you know that I am able to call upon my Father, and he will send me more than 12 legions of angels at once!”
26:53	eb7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	δοκεῖς	1	Here, **you** is singular because Jesus is speaking to the person with the sword.
26:53	g3zq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τὸν Πατέρα	1	**Father** is an important title for God.
26:53	tfw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	πλείω δώδεκα λεγιῶνας ἀγγέλων	1	The word “legion” is a military term that refers to a group of about 6,000 soldiers. Here Jesus means God would send a large number of **angels** and easily stop those who are arresting Jesus. The exact number of angels is not important. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “more than 12 very large groups of angels”
26:54	gew5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	πῶς οὖν	1	Here, **then** indicates that what follows is the result of the idea in the last verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Were I to do that, then how”
26:54	gih7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	ὅτι οὕτως δεῖ γενέσθαι	1	Jesus is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “which say that this must happen”
26:54	teq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	πῶς οὖν πληρωθῶσιν αἱ Γραφαὶ, ὅτι οὕτως δεῖ γενέσθαι?	1	Jesus is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Then the scriptures would not be fulfilled that say that this must happen!”
26:54	xqpr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πληρωθῶσιν αἱ Γραφαὶ	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “would I fulfill the scriptures”
26:54	c5g7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αἱ Γραφαὶ	1	Here, **the scriptures** refers to those parts of the Old Testament that refer to the atoning death of the Messiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those scriptures about what will happen to the Messiah”
26:55	hc33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τῇ ὥρᾳ	1	Matthew is using the term **hour** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “point in time”
26:55	yf4p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων συνλαβεῖν με?	1	Jesus is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to rebuke **the crowd**. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “You did not need to come out with swords and clubs to seize me, as you would against a robber!”
26:55	q9vq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ξύλων	1	See how you translated **clubs** in [26:47](../26/47.md).
26:55	e8dq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	τῷ ἱερῷ	1	Since only priests could enter **the temple** building, this refers to **the temple** courtyard. Jesus is using the word for the entire building to refer to one part of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
26:56	fb46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αἱ Γραφαὶ τῶν προφητῶν	1	Here, **the writings of the prophets** refers to those parts of the Old Testament Scriptures that refer to the atoning death of the Messiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “what the prophets wrote about the Messiah in the Scriptures”
26:56	ygn7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πληρωθῶσιν αἱ Γραφαὶ τῶν προφητῶν	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I would fulfill the writings of the prophets”
26:57	f6nj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπήγαγον	1	If it would be helpful in your language, you could state more explicitly what the phrase they **led him away** means. Alternate translation: “took Jesus from where they had arrested him”
26:57	gy6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πρὸς Καϊάφαν τὸν ἀρχιερέα, ὅπου	1	Here, **where** implies that they brought Jesus to the place where **Caiaphas** lived. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to the house of Caiaphas the high priest, which is where”
26:57	y2oz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	συνήχθησαν	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “had come together”
26:58	jui3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	ὁ δὲ Πέτρος ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ ἀπὸ μακρόθεν	1	Matthew provides this background information to help readers understand what happens next in the story. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “Now without getting to close, Peter followed Jesus”
26:58	v8th			καὶ εἰσελθὼν ἔσω	1	Alternate translation: “And after Peter went inside”
26:59	i8jw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	οἱ δὲ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ τὸ Συνέδριον ὅλον	1	**Now** here indicates that Matthew is making **the chief priests** and the **Sanhedrin** the subject of this part of the story instead of Peter. Use a natural way in your language for indicating this change in subjects. Alternate translation: “Now the men who were the chief priests and the entire Sanhedrin”
26:59	qto5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ψευδομαρτυρίαν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **testimony**, you could express the idea behind this word by using a verbal phrase, as modeled by the UST, or by expressing the idea in some other way that is natural in your language.
26:59	u6v9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ὅπως αὐτὸν θανατώσωσιν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you can express the idea behind this word by using a verb form such as “kill” or by expressing it some other way. Alternate translation: “so that they could have him killed”
26:59	dpr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αὐτὸν θανατώσωσιν	1	Because the Roman authorities did not allow the **Sanhedrin** to execute people, the **Sanhedrin** had to convince the Roman authorities to execute people for them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they might convince the Roman authorities to put him to death”
26:60	v9j9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐχ εὗρον, πολλῶν προσελθόντων ψευδομαρτύρων	1	Matthew implies that what the **many false witnesses** said was not sufficient to condemn Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “though many false witnesses came forward, they found none whose testimony was sufficient to condemn Jesus”
26:61	a8lf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	οὗτος ἔφη, δύναμαι καταλῦσαι τὸν ναὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ διὰ τριῶν ἡμερῶν οἰκοδομῆσαι.	1	If a direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “This one said that he was able to destroy the temple of God and to rebuild it in three days”
26:61	i5n4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὗτος ἔφη	1	Matthew records these men saying **This one** as a disrespectful way to refer to Jesus and to avoid saying his name. If your language has a similar way to refer to someone in an indirect but derogatory manner, you may use it here. Alternate translation: “This so-and-so”
26:63	mr6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	ἐξορκίζω σε κατὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος, ἵνα ἡμῖν εἴπῃς εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς, ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	The **high priest** is using a statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural form for a command. Alternate translation: “I command you by the living God: tell us if you are the Christ, the Son of God!”
26:63	eicy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	κατὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος	1	This phrase indicates that **the high priest** wants **Jesus** to swear solemnly with God as a witness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “with the living God as your witness”
26:63	lry9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος	1	See how you translated this phrase in [16:16](../16/16.md).
26:63	zx9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῖν	1	Here, **us** refers to the **high priest** and the rest of the Jewish council, so **us** would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form.
26:63	mm28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	**Son of God** is an important title for Jesus.
26:64	tbl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
26:64	gi6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	σὺ εἶπας	1	See how you translated this in [26:25](../26/25.md).
26:64	zu47		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	πλὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀπ’ ἄρτι ὄψεσθε	1	Here, **you** is plural because Jesus is speaking to the high priest and to the other people who were present.
26:64	ll8r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀπ’ ἄρτι	1	The phrase **from now on** could be: (1) an idiom that refers to some time in the future. Alternate translation: “in the future” (2) from the time of Jesus’ trial and onward. Alternate translation: “hereafter”
26:64	b6cb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Jesus is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “me, the Son of Man,”
26:64	p5px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τῆς δυνάμεως	1	Here, **the Power** refers to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the powerful God”
26:64	cui7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	καθήμενον ἐκ δεξιῶν τῆς δυνάμεως	1	To sit **at the right hand** of God is a symbolic act of receiving great honor and authority from God. If there is a gesture with a similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation, or you could use plain language to express what sitting at the right hand of someone meant in Jesus’ culture. Alternate translation: “sitting in a place of honor beside the Power” or “sitting in a place of honor next to the Power”
26:64	urp9			ἐρχόμενον ἐπὶ τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	Alternate translation: “riding to earth on the clouds of heaven”
26:65	srg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ	1	In Jesus’ culture the act of tearing one’s clothes was a symbolic act done to show outrage or grief. If there is a gesture with a similar meaning in your culture, you could use it here in your translation, or you could use plain language to express what tearing one’s clothes meant in Jesus’ culture. Alternate translation: “tore his garments in outrage”
26:65	t68t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί ἔτι χρείαν ἔχομεν μαρτύρων?	1	The **high priest** is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to emphasize that he and the members of the council do not need to hear from any more witnesses. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “We do not have need of any more witnesses!”
26:65	wh4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἴδε	1	The **high priest** uses the term **Behold** to get the Jewish council to focus their attention on what he is about to say. Alternate translation: “Indeed”
26:66	mzcs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἔνοχος θανάτου ἐστίν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **death**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “He deserves to die”
26:68	f2bj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	προφήτευσον ἡμῖν	1	Those people hitting Jesus did not believe that he was a real prophet and could **Prophesy**. When they demanded that Jesus **Prophesy**, they were challenging him to do something they believed he could not do. They were only asking Jesus to **Prophesy** in order to mock him. If it would be helpful in your language, consider expressing the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Prove that you really are a prophet and prophesy” or “Prophesy, if you really are a prophet”
26:68	b5xe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	Χριστέ	1	Those hitting Jesus did not really think he is the **Christ**. They call him this to mock him. If it would be helpful in your language, consider expressing the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you so-called Christ” or “you who claim to be the Christ”
26:69	y21l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows in [26:69–75](../26/69.md) is a new event that happened around the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Around that time”
26:70	sp1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	οὐκ οἶδα τί λέγεις	1	Peter used these words to deny that he had been with Jesus. This does not mean that Peter was unable to understand what the servant girl said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have no idea what you are talking about!”
26:71	gyw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν πυλῶνα	1	This **gateway** was an opening in the wall that went around the courtyard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the gateway of the courtyard”
26:71	s7c4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
26:72	e5xl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μετὰ ὅρκου, ὅτι οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	Here, the phrase **with an oath** means “to subject oneself to an oath” or “to put oneself under an oath.” Here, Peter is invoking God’s curse upon himself if what he is saying is not true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “by swearing, ‘God is my witness that I do not know the man” or “by making an oath and saying, ‘God is my witness that I do not know the man’”
26:73	hde3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἐξ αὐτῶν	1	The pronoun **them** refers to Jesus’ disciples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from among his disciples”
26:73	w8ww		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, **for** indicates that what follows is the reason why these people thought Peter was one of Jesus’ disciples. Use the most natural way in your language to express a reason. Alternate translation: “since”
26:73	o4oe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἡ λαλιά σου δῆλόν σε ποιεῖ	1	This phrase implies that Peters **speech** had an accent like the accent of someone from Galilee. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the way you speak makes it evident that you are from Galilee”
26:74	edd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	καταθεματίζειν	1	Here, the phrase **to curse** means “to invoke a curse from God upon oneself.” Here, Peter is invoking God’s curse upon himself if what he is saying is not true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to invoke God’s curse upon himself if what he was saying was not true” or “to ask God to curse him if what he was saying was false” or “to invoke God’s destruction upon himself if what he was saying was false”
26:74	zo05		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὀμνύειν, ὅτι οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	Here, the phrase **to swear** means “to subject oneself to an oath” or “to put oneself under an oath.” Here, Peter is invoking God’s curse upon himself if what he is saying is not true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “to swear by saying, ‘God is my witness that I do not know the man whom you are talking about’” or “to promise by making an oath and saying, ‘God is my witness that I do not know the man whom you are talking about’”
26:74	w87b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἀλέκτωρ ἐφώνησεν	1	See how you translated **rooster** and “crow” in [26:34](../26/34.md).
26:75	nx3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	εἰρηκότος, ὅτι πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι, τρὶς ἀπαρνήσῃ με	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “that he had told him that before a rooster crowed, he would deny him three times”
26:75	nn5o			πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι, τρὶς ἀπαρνήσῃ με	1	See how you translated this statement in [26:34](../26/34.md).
26:75	rgvk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐξελθὼν ἔξω	1	This expression means that Peter left the courtyard and went completely **outside** the house of the high priest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Peter went out of the courtyard and away from the house”
27:intro	deu4				0	# Matthew 27 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### “The curtain of the temple was split in two”\n\nThe curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly, because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus’ people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins.\n\n### The tomb\n\nThe tomb in which Jesus was buried ([27:60](../27/60.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Sarcasm\n\nIn [27:28–29](../27/28.md) the soldiers were insulting Jesus when they put a “scarlet robe” on him, placed a “crown of thorns” on his head, said, “Hail, King of the Jews,” and knelt down in front of him. These actions were symbolic of things that people would do to honor a king, but the soldiers did not really believe that Jesus was a king. By pretending that they thought Jesus was a king, and by putting a “crown of thorns” on Jesus’ head instead of a regular crown, and by spitting on him and “striking him on his head” (See: [27:30](../27/30.md)) the soldiers showed that they did not believe that Jesus was the Son of God. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/mock]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Golgotha\n\nThe word “Golgotha” is an Aramaic word. Matthew used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic word so that his readers would know how it sounded, and then he told them it meant “Place of a Skull.” You may also use the letters of your language to express the sound of this Aramaic word. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])\n\n### Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?\n\nThis is an Aramaic phrase. Matthew used Greek letters to express the sound of this Aramaic phrase so that his readers would know how it sounded, and then he told them that it meant “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” You may also use the letters of your language to express the sounds of these Aramaic words. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
27:1	qe1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse is a new event that happened right after the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And then”
27:1	cm46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὥστε θανατῶσαι αὐτόν	1	Because the Roman authorities did not allow the Jewish leaders to execute people, the Jewish leaders had to convince the Roman authorities to execute people for them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so as to convince the Roman authorities to put him to death”
27:1	vz6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	ὥστε	1	Here, **so as to** introduces a purpose clause. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation: “so that they could”
27:1	uuov		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	θανατῶσαι αὐτόν	1	See how you translated **death** in [26:59](../26/59.md).
27:2	jwws		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	δήσαντες αὐτὸν	1	The Jewish religious leaders commanded that Jesus should be **bound** but did not bind him themselves. It would have been their guards who actually bound Jesus and **led him away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “commanding the guards to bind him”
27:2	rdu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἀπήγαγον	1	Here, **they** refers to the Jewish leaders and temple guards who were accusing Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Jewish authorities and their guards led him away”
27:2	d6l0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπήγαγον	1	Here Matthew implies that **they led** Jesus **away** from Caiaphas’ house. If it would be more natural in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they led him away from Caiaphas’ house”
27:2	uu8q			παρέδωκαν Πειλάτῳ	1	Alternate translation: “delivered him over to Pilate” or “transferred control of Jesus to Pilate”
27:3	qm12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	τότε	1	**Then** here indicates that Matthew has stopped telling the story of Jesus’ trial so he can tell the story of how Judas killed himself. If your language has a way of showing that a new story is starting, you could use that here. Alternate translation: “Around that time”
27:3	v9vj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὅτι κατεκρίθη	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that the Jewish leaders had condemned Jesus”
27:3	pe4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὰ τριάκοντα ἀργύρια τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν καὶ πρεσβυτέροις	1	This phrase refers to the money that **the chief priests** had given **Judas** to betray Jesus, as mentioned in [26:15](../26/15.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those 30 pieces of silver that they had given to him earlier to the chief priests and elders”
27:4	f6u8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	αἷμα ἀθῷον	1	Here, **blood** refers to the death of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a person who does not deserve to die”
27:4	mf6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί πρὸς ἡμᾶς?	1	The Jewish leaders are not asking for information. They are using this question to emphasize that they do not care about what Judas has done. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate these words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “That is not our problem!”
27:4	itqk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	Here, **us** refers to the Jewish leaders who are speaking to Judas, so **us** would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form.
27:4	y4yo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	σὺ ὄψῃ	1	This sentence is an idiom that the Jewish leaders used to deny being responsible for what Judas had done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use an equivalent idiom in your language. Alternate translation: “That is your responsibility” or “That is none of our business”
27:5	tuh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ῥίψας τὰ ἀργύρια εἰς τὸν ναὸν	1	This clause means that Judas threw **the pieces of silver** into **the temple** building itself, where only priests were allowed to go. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having thrown the pieces of silver into the temple building”
27:6	rguy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	οὐκ ἔξεστιν βαλεῖν αὐτὰ εἰς τὸν κορβανᾶν, ἐπεὶ τιμὴ αἵματός ἐστιν	1	If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because it is the price of blood, it is not lawful to put this into the treasury”
27:6	r5r9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ ἔξεστιν	1	Here, **lawful** refers to being permitted according to Jewish religious laws. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Our religious laws do not allow us”
27:6	ce2x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτὰ	1	Here, **this** refers to the 30 **pieces of silver** that Judas threw into the temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “this silver”
27:6	gtp3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν κορβανᾶν	1	The **treasury** refers to the place in the temple where they kept the money given to the temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the place where we keep the money that belongs to the temple”
27:6	fv6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τιμὴ αἵματός	1	The **chief priests** are using the possessive form to describe a **price** that is paid for **blood**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the price that was paid for blood”
27:6	j2l8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	αἵματός	1	Here, **blood** refers to the death of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of a man dying”
27:7	x2k5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῶν	1	Here, **them** refers to the 30 pieces of silver that Judas threw into the temple. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those pieces of silver”
27:7	mtg6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν Ἀγρὸν τοῦ Κεραμέως	1	This phrase could refer to: (1) what the local people called the field. Alternate translation: “the Field of the Potter” (2) a **field** that had clay used by people who make pots. Alternate translation: “the field where people dug clay for making pots”
27:7	n6ow		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	εἰς	1	Here, **for** introduces a purpose clause. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. Alternate translation (without a comma preceding): “so that they could make it”
27:7	e29n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῖς ξένοις	1	Here, **strangers** refers to people who died in Jerusalem and did not live in the city. They could have been Jews visiting from other areas or non-Jewish foreigners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for people from outside Jerusalem”
27:8	nts8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐκλήθη ὁ ἀγρὸς ἐκεῖνος	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people call that field”
27:8	ag2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἕως τῆς σήμερον	1	Here, **this day** refers to the time when Matthew wrote this book. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “up to the time when this book was written”
27:9	rj3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐπληρώθη τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἰερεμίου τοῦ προφήτου	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this fulfilled what the prophet Jeremiah spoke”
27:9	auz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	ἐπληρώθη & λέγοντος	1	Here, **saying** introduces a paraphrase of some Old Testament verses ([Zechariah 11:12–13](../zec/11/12.md), [Jeremiah 13:5](../jer/13/05.md)). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable phrase that indicates that Matthew is quoting from important texts. Alternate translation: “was fulfilled. He had said in the Scriptures”
27:9	g1gc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks	καὶ	1	From **And** here to the end of the next verse, Matthew is paraphrasing some Old Testament verses ([Zechariah 11:12–13](../zec/11/12.md), [Jeremiah 13:5](../jer/13/05.md)). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by setting off all of this material with quotation marks or with whatever punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation.
27:9	t1dj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὴν τιμὴν τοῦ τετιμημένου, ὃν ἐτιμήσαντο ἀπὸ υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the price the sons of Israel set on him”
27:9	d7l7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ	1	Here, the word **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Israel” or “the people of Israel”
27:10	c2ch		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks	καὶ ἔδωκαν αὐτὰ εἰς τὸν Ἀγρὸν τοῦ Κεραμέως, καθὰ συνέταξέν μοι Κύριος	1	This verse continues the paraphrase of [Zechariah 11:12–13](../zec/11/12.md) and [Jeremiah 13:5](../jer/13/05.md) that Matthew introduced in the previous verse. You may need to indicate this with a closing quotation mark at the end of this verse or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation.
27:10	s356		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἔδωκαν αὐτὰ	1	Here, **they** refers to “the sons of Israel” and **it** refers to the “30 pieces of silver” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel gave the pieces of silver”
27:10	vs3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔδωκαν αὐτὰ εἰς	1	This phrase means that the people bought **the field** with the pieces of silver. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “with it they bought”
27:10	dufx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	τὸν Ἀγρὸν τοῦ Κεραμέως	1	See how you translated this phrase in [27:7](../27/07.md).
27:11	pjc5			δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows is the continuation of the story of Jesus’ trial before Pilate, which began in [27:2](../27/02.md). If your language has a way of continuing a story after a break from the main story line, you could use it here.
27:11	a2e7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὁ & Ἰησοῦς ἐστάθη	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone made Jesus stand”
27:11	a6cm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	σὺ λέγεις	1	**You say so** is an idiom. Jesus is using it to acknowledge that what Pilate has said is true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. See how you translated the similar phrase in [26:25](../26/25.md). Alternate translation: “Yes, it is as you say”
27:12	vl3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐν τῷ κατηγορεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχιερέων καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the chief priests and the elders accused him”
27:13	e3td		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
27:13	wn2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἀκούεις πόσα σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν?	1	Pilate is not asking for information, but is using the question form here to express how surprised he is that Jesus does not defend himself. If you would not use a rhetorical question for this purpose in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation and communicate the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Surely you hear everything they are bringing against you!”
27:13	kc8x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οὐκ ἀκούεις πόσα σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν?	1	**Pilate** implies that he expects Jesus to defend himself in response to the accusations made against him by the Jewish leaders. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do you not hear everything they are bringing against you? You should answer!” or “Do you not hear everything they are bringing against you? Why don’t you answer them?”
27:14	xx94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πρὸς οὐδὲ ἓν ῥῆμα	1	This phrase could mean: (1) Jesus did not say anything in response to what Pilate said in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “with even a single word” (2) Jesus did not respond to even one of the accusations that the Jewish leaders had made against him. In this case **word** would be translated as “charge.” Alternate translation: “with regard to even one charge”
27:14	hbm8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ὥστε θαυμάζειν	1	Here, **so as to** introduces a result clause. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a result clause. Alternate translation: “so that he amazed”
27:15	jjp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	δὲ	1	**Now** here marks a break in the main story line so Matthew can give information to help the reader understand what happens in [27:17–26](../27/17.md). Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information.
27:15	p1ha		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἑορτὴν	1	Here, **the festival** refers the Passover celebration. See how you translated the same use of this phrase in [26:5](../26/05.md).
27:15	pfk6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	τῷ ὄχλῳ	1	The word **crowd** is a singular noun that refers to a group of people. If your language does not use nouns in that way, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “to the group of people”
27:16	ir01		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	δὲ	1	**Now** is used here to mark a continuation of the break in the main story line which began in the preceding verse. Matthew introduces more background information, this time about **Barabbas**, to help readers understand what happens next. Use a natural way in your language for introducing background information. Alternate translation: “And”
27:16	q2iu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	εἶχον	1	Here, **they** refers to the Roman authorities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Roman authorities were holding”
27:16	svr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	λεγόμενον	1	See how you translated **named** in [26:3](../26/03.md).
27:17	l80q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	συνηγμένων & αὐτῶν	1	See how you translated **gathered together** in [26:3](../26/03.md).
27:17	wrl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸν λεγόμενον Χριστόν	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom some people call the Christ”
27:18	a5lt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Pilate asked the question in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “Pilate asked this because”
27:18	ugse		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	παρέδωκαν αὐτόν	1	Here, **they** refers to the chief priests and elders of the Jewish people, the first **him** refers to Jesus, and the second **him** refers to Pilate. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the chief priests and elders had handed Jesus over to Pilate”
27:18	jq3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	διὰ φθόνον	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **envy**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because they envied him”
27:19	t3mx			καθημένου δὲ αὐτοῦ	1	Alternate translation: “But while Pilate was sitting”
27:19	s5pc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	τοῦ βήματος	1	The **judgment seat** was a special chair in which a leader sat when he was making an official judgment. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **judgment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the seat used for judging people”
27:19	w4i8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	ἀπέστειλεν	1	Here, **sent word** means that Pilate’s **wife** sent a person to tell Pilate a message by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “sent someone to tell him a message”
27:19	ga4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	μηδὲν σοὶ καὶ τῷ δικαίῳ ἐκείνῳ	1	This sentence is an idiom that indicates that Pilates wife did not want Pilate to be involved with anything related to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Have nothing to do with that righteous one” or “Let there be nothing between you and that righteous one”
27:19	v8ty		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	**For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why Pilate’s wife told him what she said in the previous sentence. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “I say this because”
27:20	ax1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	δὲ	1	Here, **now** is used to mark a break in the main story line. Matthew tells background information about why the people chose Barabbas to be released. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information.
27:20	al54		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	αἰτήσωνται τὸν Βαραββᾶν, τὸν δὲ Ἰησοῦν ἀπολέσωσιν	1	Here Matthew implies that **the crowds** asked Pilate **for Barabbas** to be released from prison and for Roman soldiers to **kill Jesus**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they would ask Pilate for Barabbas to be released from prison, but have the Roman soldiers kill Jesus”
27:21	x6vf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	τῶν δύο	1	Matthew quotes Pilate using the adjective **two** as a noun in order to refer to the **two** men, Jesus and **Barabbas**. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the two prisoners”
27:22	dpb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	λέγει & λέγουσιν πάντες	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said … They all answered”
27:22	zl85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸν λεγόμενον Χριστόν	1	See how you translated this phrase in [27:17](../27/17.md).
27:22	ttva		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σταυρωθήτω	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Crucify him”
27:22	kkus		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	σταυρωθήτω	1	The Romans executed some criminals by nailing them to a wooden beam with a crossbar and setting the beam upright so that the criminals would slowly suffocate. That was what it meant to have someone **crucified**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Let him be nailed to a cross” or “Let him be executed!”
27:22	uedb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	σταυρωθήτω	1	Here, the phrase **Let him be crucified** is an imperative, but since the crowd cannot command Pilate to do this, you could translate this phrase as an expression of what they want. Alternate translation: “We want you to nail him to a cross to execute him”
27:23	m5jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	τί γὰρ κακὸν ἐποίησεν?	1	Pilate does not expect the crowd to tell him what Jesus has done wrong. Rather, he is using the question form to emphasize to the crowd that Jesus is innocent. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “There is no reason to execute this man, because he has not done anything wrong!”
27:23	bijy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	κακὸν	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **evil**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “evil thing”
27:23	nb7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σταυρωθήτω	1	See how you translated this in the previous verse.
27:24	oa2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	ἰδὼν & ὅτι οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον θόρυβος γίνεται	1	These two clauses indicate the reason why **Pilate** did what is described in the rest of the verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “because he saw that he was accomplishing nothing, but instead a riot was starting”
27:24	gefl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ & θόρυβος γίνεται	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “he was accomplishing nothing … a riot was starting”
27:24	yj8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	ἀπενίψατο τὰς χεῖρας ἀπέναντι τοῦ ὄχλου	1	Pilate **washed his hands** as a sign to the people that he was not responsible for Jesus’ death. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation.
27:24	u1fe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τοῦ αἵματος	1	Here Pilate uses **blood** to refer to a person’s death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the death”
27:24	f4ub		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ὑμεῖς ὄψεσθε	1	See how you translated the similar idiom in [27:4](../27/04.md).
27:25	k1cb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ τέκνα ἡμῶν	1	The phrase **be on us and on our children** is an idiom that means that the crowd was accepting the responsibility for what was happening. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “We and our children will be responsible for his blood”
27:25	n5k1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ αἷμα	1	See how you translated the same use of **blood** in the previous verse.
27:25	timm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς & ἡμῶν	1	Here, **us** and **our** refer to the Jewish people, so **us** and **our** would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark these forms.
27:25	bsfd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὰ τέκνα	1	Here, **children** refers to future descendants in general, not only to the **children** of the people who were speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “future generations”
27:26	yb5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἀπέλυσεν & παρέδωκεν ἵνα σταυρωθῇ	1	The first two occurrences of **he** refer to Pilate, but **him** and the third occurrence of **he** refer to **Jesus**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Pilate released … Pilate handed Jesus over so that Jesus would be crucified”
27:26	m63d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπέλυσεν & τὸν Βαραββᾶν & Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας	1	Matthew assumes that his readers will know that Pilate did not actually release **Barabbas** or flog **Jesus**, but ordered his soldiers to do those things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he commanded his soldiers to release Barabbas … having commanded his soldiers to flog Jesus”
27:26	adak		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	φραγελλώσας	1	If your readers would not be familiar with this form of punishment, you could explain explicitly what flogging was. Flogging was a Roman penalty in which soldiers whipped a person with a whip to which were attached pieces of bone and metal to increase the whip’s capacity to do harm to the person being flogged. Alternate translation: “having whipped Jesus with a whip to which someone had attached pieces of bone and metal”
27:26	n421		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	παρέδωκεν	1	Matthew is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be clearer in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “he handed him over to his soldiers”
27:26	y3kf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	σταυρωθῇ	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they would crucify him”
27:27	zz45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ πραιτώριον	1	The **Praetorium** was where the Roman **governor** stayed when he was in Jerusalem and where the Roman soldiers in Jerusalem lived. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the palace where the governor and his soldiers lived” or “the Roman governor’s residence”
27:27	bn22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὅλην τὴν σπεῖραν	1	Matthew assumes that his readers will know that a **cohort** was a unit of Roman soldiers. A **cohort** normally numbered around 600 men but could sometimes refer to as few as 200 men. Here, by saying **the whole cohort**, Matthew most likely means that all the soldiers from the **cohort** who were on duty at that time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the whole unit of soldiers” or “the whole unit of soldiers who were on duty there”
27:28	nx81			καὶ ἐκδύσαντες αὐτὸν	1	Alternate translation: “And having pulled off his clothes”
27:28	id2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	χλαμύδα κοκκίνην περιέθηκαν αὐτῷ	1	In Roman culture, a **scarlet robe** was worn by kings. The soldiers put a **scarlet robe** on Jesus in order to mock him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “they put a scarlet robe on him in order to mock him by pretending that they believed he really was a king”
27:28	yf6s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	κοκκίνην	1	The word **scarlet** refers to a color. Since Mark records in [Mark 15:17](../mrk/15/17.md) that the color of this **robe** was “purple,” the color closely resembled both **scarlet** and “purple.” If your readers would be unfamiliar with these colors, you could use the closest equivalent color that they would be familiar with. Alternate translation: “dark red” or “crimson”
27:29	ksjn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	στέφανον ἐξ ἀκανθῶν	1	Matthew is using the possessive form to describe a **crown** that is made from branches with **thorns** on them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a crown made from thorns”
27:29	km30		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	ἀκανθῶν	1	Matthew uses the word **thorns** to refer to small branches with **thorns** on them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “thorny branches”
27:29	yw94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	στέφανον ἐξ ἀκανθῶν, ἐπέθηκαν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ; καὶ κάλαμον ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ	1	In Roman culture, a **crown** was worn by a king, and a king held a scepter in his right hand. In order to mock Jesus, the soldiers put a **crown** made from **thorns** on Jesus’ head and put **a reed in his right hand** that resembled a king’s scepter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “a crown of thorns, they put it on his head and a reed in his right hand in order to mock him by pretending that they believed he really was a king”
27:29	dlz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	γονυπετήσαντες	1	The act of kneeling down was normally done as a way of honoring kings. The soldiers actually mean to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of this action. These soldiers do not really believe that Jesus is a king, but rather, they have **knelt down** to mock him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could provide a brief explanation. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “having knelt down as if honoring a king”
27:29	qf8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	ἐνέπαιξαν αὐτῷ λέγοντες, χαῖρε, ὁ Βασιλεῦ τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	**Hail** was a common greeting, but the soldiers used this greeting in order to mock Jesus. They did not believe that Jesus was really the **King of the Jews**. They actually meant to communicate the opposite of the literal meaning of their words, as Matthew indicates when he says that **they mocked him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “they mocked him by saying, ‘Hail, you so-called King of the Jews’”
27:30	ib5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸν κάλαμον	1	Here, **the reed** refers to the stick the soldiers had put in Jesus’ right hand in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the reed from his hand”
27:32	m5bl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that this verse is a break in the main story line. Matthew does this in order to give information about **Simon** from **Cyrene**. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information.
27:32	d0ps		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐξερχόμενοι	1	Your language may say “going out” rather than **coming out** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural.
27:32	j5wq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐξερχόμενοι	1	Here, **coming out** implies that Jesus and the soldiers came out of the city of Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “as they came out of the city”
27:32	sfj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	τοῦτον ἠγγάρευσαν ἵνα ἄρῃ τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ	1	Here, **they** refers to the Roman soldiers, **he** refers to **Simon**, and **his** refers to Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “whom the soldiers forced to go with them so that he could carry Jesus’ cross”
27:33	j6hb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τόπον λεγόμενον Γολγοθᾶ, ὅ ἐστιν & λεγόμενος	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a place that people called Golgotha, which means”
27:33	lopg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	Γολγοθᾶ	1	Here Matthew writes out the sounds of this Jewish Aramaic word using Greek letters. Since Matthew translates the meaning later in the verse, you may write out this word using the most similar sounds in your language. See the discussion of **Golgotha** in the General Notes for this chapter.
27:34	f11j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	πιεῖν οἶνον μετὰ χολῆς μεμιγμένον	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “wine, which they had mixed with gall, to drink”
27:34	e2uk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	χολῆς	1	Here, **gall** refers to a bitter tasting liquid that was a pain-relieving medicine. Mark specifically identifies this as liquid that came from the myrrh plant ([Mark 15:23](../../mrk/15/23.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “bitter, pain-relieving medicine”
27:35	d4h6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	βάλλοντες κλῆρον	1	The term **lots** refers to objects with different markings on various sides that were used to decide randomly among several possibilities. They were tossed onto the ground to see which marked side would come up on top. If your readers would not be familiar with **lots**, you could use a general expression for gambling. Alternate translation: “by gambling”
27:35	u4dl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	βάλλοντες κλῆρον	1	Matthew implies that the soldiers were **casting lots** in order to determine who would take which pieces of Jesus’ clothing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by casting lots to decide who would take which ones”
27:36	o9ed		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐτήρουν αὐτὸν ἐκεῖ	1	Matthew implies that the soldiers **kept guard over** Jesus to prevent anyone from rescuing him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they kept guard over him there to prevent people from rescuing him”
27:37	j4s4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὴν αἰτίαν αὐτοῦ	1	Here, **the charge** refers to the written explanation of the crime Jesus was accused of committing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a written explanation of the crime they were accusing him of doing”
27:37	an2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	γεγραμμένην	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which someone had written”
27:38	ms2d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	σταυροῦνται	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “were crucified”
27:38	zq4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τότε σταυροῦνται σὺν αὐτῷ δύο λῃσταί	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the soldiers crucified two robbers with him”
27:38	ci6g			εἷς ἐκ δεξιῶν, καὶ εἷς ἐξ εὐωνύμων	1	Alternate translation: “one robber on his right side and one robber on his left side” or “one on a cross on the right side of him and one on a cross on the left side of him”
27:39	d4fm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	κινοῦντες τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν	1	The people’s action of **shaking their heads** at Jesus showed that they felt disdain for him and that they disapproved of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a gesture with a similar meaning in your culture, or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “showing disdain for him by shaking their heads”
27:40	p6sq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὁ καταλύων τὸν ναὸν καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις οἰκοδομῶν	1	The people refer to Jesus by what he earlier prophesied that he would do. Alternate translation: “You who said you would destroy the temple and rebuild it in three days”
27:40	t23i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ κατάβηθι ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ	1	The people did not believe that Jesus was **the Son of God**, so they wanted him to prove it if it was true. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “If you are the Son of God, prove it by coming down from the cross”
27:40	b5lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	υἱὸς & τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	**Son of God** is an important title for Jesus.
27:42	ff4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	ἄλλους ἔσωσεν	1	Here, the Jewish leaders are using irony. They do not really believe that Jesus **saved** other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could expressing the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He supposedly saved other people”
27:42	wu7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἄλλους ἔσωσεν	1	In context, the Jewish leaders are implicitly referring to how Jesus **saved others** by healing their diseases, releasing them from demon-possession, and saving them from other physical problems. They did not think that Jesus saved them from sin or divine judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “He supposedly saved other people by doing miracles for them”
27:42	j6l7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	Βασιλεὺς Ἰσραήλ ἐστιν, καταβάτω	1	Here, the Jewish leaders are using irony. They do not really believe that Jesus is **the King of Israel**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He calls himself the King of Israel. So let him come down” or “If he really is the King of Israel, let him come down”
27:42	vmdc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	Βασιλεὺς Ἰσραήλ ἐστιν, καταβάτω νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ, καὶ πιστεύσομεν ἐπ’ αὐτόν	1	The Jewish leaders are suggesting a hypothetical situation since they do not believe that Jesus actually has the power to **come down from the cross**. Use whatever form in your language would be most natural to communicate this. Alternate translation: “Suppose he really is the King of Israel. Then let him come down now from the cross, and we will believe that he is the King of Israel”
27:43	zy1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	πέποιθεν ἐπὶ τὸν Θεόν, ῥυσάσθω νῦν εἰ θέλει αὐτόν	1	Here, the Jewish leaders are using irony. They do not really believe that Jesus **has trusted in God**, that God would **rescue him**, or that God **wants him**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He claims to trust in God. So let God rescue him now, if he even wants him” or “If he really trusts in God and God really wants him, then let God rescue him now”
27:43	cl97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπεν γὰρ, ὅτι Θεοῦ εἰμι Υἱός.	1	If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would not be used in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “For he said that he is the Son of God.”
27:43	uw85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Θεοῦ & Υἱός	1	**Son of God** is an important title for Jesus.
27:44	e26y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	οἱ λῃσταὶ, οἱ συνσταυρωθέντες σὺν αὐτῷ	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the robbers whom the soldiers were crucifying with him”
27:45	e7z4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows is a new event that happened after the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And then”
27:45	xsps		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	ἕκτης ὥρας & ὥρας ἐνάτης	1	If you decide to translate these phrases in the way that the biblical culture reckoned time, but your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “hour six … hour nine”
27:45	s2l7			ἕκτης ὥρας	1	In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. Alternate translation: “noon” or “12:00 PM”
27:45	pi8e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	σκότος ἐγένετο	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **darkness**, you could express it in a different way. Alternate translation: “it became dark”
27:45	lnkx			ὥρας ἐνάτης	1	In this culture, people began counting the hours each day beginning around daybreak at six o’clock in the morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this in the way the people of your culture reckon time. Alternate translation: Alternate translation: “3:00 PM”
27:46	rcjr			τὴν ἐνάτην ὥραν	1	See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse.
27:46	qyp7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀνεβόησεν & φωνῇ μεγάλῃ	1	This is an idiom that means **Jesus** raised the volume of his **voice**. Alternate translation: “cried out loudly”
27:46	xub2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	Ἐλωῒ, Ἐλωῒ, λεμὰ σαβαχθάνει	1	This sentence is what **Jesus cried out** in the Jewish Aramaic language. Jesus is quoting from [Psalm 22:1](../psa/022/001.md). See the discussion of this sentence in the General Notes for this chapter.
27:47	y60j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀκούσαντες ἔλεγον	1	Matthew implies that the people did not understand what Jesus said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having heard it, misunderstood and said”
27:48	jm37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὄξους	1	Here, **sour wine** refers to the inexpensive **wine** that common people in Jesus’ culture would usually drink to quench thirst. Therefore, the person who gave Jesus this **sour wine** was acting kindly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See how **sour wine** is translated in [Mark 15:36](../mrk/15/36.md) and [John 19:29](../jhn/19/29.md). Alternate translation: “with common wine”
27:48	bsy1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	σπόγγον	1	A **sponge** is a small object that can soak up and hold liquid that comes out of it when the **sponge** is squeezed. If your readers would not be familiar with this object, you could use the name of something your readers would use for soaking up liquid, or you could use a general expression. See how **sponge** is translated in [Mark 15:36](../mrk/15/36.md) and [John 19:29](../jhn/19/29.md). Alternate translation: “something to soak up liquid”
27:50	n21n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	πάλιν κράξας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ	1	See how you translated **cried out** **with a loud voice** in [27:46](../27/46.md).
27:50	fj1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀφῆκεν τὸ πνεῦμα	1	This clause is an idiom that means “willingly died.” If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent idiom or use plain language. See how a similar phrase is translated in [John 19:30](../jhn/19/30.md). Alternate translation: “he allowed himself to die”
27:51	a92g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδοὺ	1	Matthew uses the term **behold** here to call the reader’s attention to the surprising event that he describes next in the story. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use here.
27:51	u0pw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ ἐσχίσθη εἰς δύο, ἀπ’ ἄνωθεν ἕως κάτω	1	See the General Notes to this chapter for an explanation of the symbolic significance of this action.
27:51	m1ic		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐσχίσθη & ἡ γῆ ἐσείσθη, καὶ αἱ πέτραι ἐσχίσθησαν	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God tore … God shook the earth, and God split the rocks apart”
27:51	xp2b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ	1	Matthew assumes that his readers will know that he is referring to **the curtain** that separated the Most Holy Place from the rest of **the temple**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the curtain in front of the Most Holy Place”
27:52	a1cu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	καὶ τὰ μνημεῖα ἀνεῴχθησαν, καὶ πολλὰ σώματα	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “And God opened the tombs, and he raised many of the bodies”
27:52	hgn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	κεκοιμημένων	1	Here, **fallen asleep** refers to being dead. This is a polite way of referring to something unpleasant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this or use plain language. Alternate translation: “who had passed away” or “who had died”
27:52	kj3r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἠγέρθη	1	Here, **raised** is an idiom that refers to causing someone who has died to become alive again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “were caused to live again” or “were made alive again”
27:53	q2x5			ἐξελθόντες ἐκ τῶν μνημείων μετὰ τὴν ἔγερσιν αὐτοῦ, εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὴν ἁγίαν πόλιν	1	This could mean: (1) the saints came **out from the tombs** before Jesus came back to life, but did not enter **into the holy city** until after Jesus came back to life. Alternate translation: “having come out from the tombs, after his resurrection they entered into the holy city” (2) the saints came **out from the tombs** after Jesus came back to life. Alternate translation: “having come out from the tombs after his resurrection, they entered into the holy city”
27:54	f6rz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows is a new event that happened right after the events told in [27:50–51](../27/50.md). Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And then”
27:54	vv2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ τηροῦντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν	1	This phrase refers to the other soldiers who were guarding Jesus with **the centurion**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the other soldiers with him who were guarding Jesus”
27:54	gse9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἰδόντες τὸν σεισμὸν καὶ τὰ γενόμενα	1	Matthew implies that the soldiers felt **the earthquake** and saw **the things that happened**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
27:54	gw6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Θεοῦ Υἱὸς	1	**Son of God** is an important title for Jesus.
27:55	h0m2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	διακονοῦσαι αὐτῷ	1	This phrase indicates the purpose for the **women** following **Jesus from Galilee**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of serving him”
27:56	yni6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ, καὶ Μαρία ἡ τοῦ Ἰακώβου καὶ Ἰωσὴφ μήτηρ	1	Because **Mary** was a very common name at this time and because Matthew refers to two different women with the name **Mary** in this verse, he provides this background information to help readers know to which **Mary** he is referring to in each case. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. Alternate translation: “Mary, who came from Magdala, and another Mary, who was the mother of James and Joseph”
27:56	xx27		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἰακώβου & Ἰωσὴφ	1	**James** and **Joseph** were common names for men at this time.
27:56	ud33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῶν υἱῶν Ζεβεδαίου	1	See how you translated the similar phrase in [26:37](../26/37.md).
27:57	wm5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows in [27:57–61](../27/57.md) is a new event that happened right after the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “After that”
27:57	sy9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ἁριμαθαίας	1	**Arimathea** is the name of a city in Israel.
27:57	o9c6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ὃς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐμαθητεύθη τῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom Jesus had discipled as well”
27:58	kjyw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ᾐτήσατο τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	The reason that Joseph asked **Pilate** **for the body of Jesus** was so that he could bury it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “asked for permission to get the body of Jesus in order to bury it” or “asked that he be given the body of Jesus so that he could bury it”
27:58	c69n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τότε ὁ Πειλᾶτος ἐκέλευσεν ἀποδοθῆναι	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Pilate ordered the soldiers to give it to him”
27:59	eupz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	λαβὼν τὸ σῶμα, ὁ Ἰωσὴφ ἐνετύλιξεν αὐτὸ	1	Matthew assumes that his readers would know that other people helped **Joseph** take Jesus’ body and prepare it for the tomb. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Joseph and the people who helped him, having taken the body, wrapped it”
27:59	q9q9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	ἐνετύλιξεν αὐτὸ σινδόνι καθαρᾷ	1	This was the burial custom in this culture. If your readers would not be familiar with such a custom, you could describe it more specifically, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “wrapped it in a fine linen burial cloth” or “prepared it for burial”
27:59	kj7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	σινδόνι καθαρᾷ	1	The term **linen cloth** refers to a high quality cloth made from the fibers of the flax plant. If your readers would be unfamiliar with **linen**, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a fine cloth”
27:60	hvs8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ὃ ἐλατόμησεν ἐν τῇ πέτρᾳ	1	Matthew implies that Joseph had hired workers to **cut** the tomb **into the rock**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that he had had workers cut into the rock”
27:60	lt4k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἔθηκεν αὐτὸ & προσκυλίσας λίθον μέγαν	1	Matthew assumes that his readers would know that other people helped **Joseph** when he **laid** Jesus’ body in the **tomb** and **rolled a large stone** over the entrance. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Joseph and the people who helped him laid it … they rolled a large stone against”
27:61	ihr8			ἀπέναντι τοῦ τάφου	1	Alternate translation: “across from the tomb”
27:62	wxrc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows in [27:62–66](../27/62.md) is a new event that happened after the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “After those things happened,”
27:62	qj59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῇ & ἐπαύριον, ἥτις ἐστὶν μετὰ τὴν παρασκευήν	1	Here, **the Preparation** refers to the day before the Sabbath on which Jews would prepare for the Sabbath so that they would not have to do work on that day. Therefore, **the next day** here refers to the Sabbath. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the next day, which was after the day on which Jews prepared for the Sabbath” or “the next day, which was the Sabbath”
27:62	j57n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	συνήχθησαν	1	See how you translated **gathered together** in [26:3](../26/03.md).
27:63	sc6y			ἐκεῖνος ὁ πλάνος & ἔτι ζῶν	1	Alternate translation: “Jesus, the deceiver, when he was alive”
27:63	ri5s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἶπεν & μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἐγείρομαι.	1	If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would not be used in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said that after three days he would be raised up”
27:63	ou2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας	1	Jesus was referring to **three days** after he died. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “After three days of being dead”
27:63	jp1m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	ἐγείρομαι	1	The Jewish leaders quote Jesus using the present tense to refer to a future event. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you can use the future tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “I will be raised up”
27:63	e6uz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐγείρομαι	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will raise me up”
27:63	ike6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἐγείρομαι	1	Here, **raised up** is an idiom that refers to a dead person becoming alive again. See how you translated **raised up** in [20:19](../20/19.md).
27:64	r0qr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	κέλευσον	1	Here, **command** is an imperative, but since the Jewish leaders cannot command Pilate to do this, you could translate this phrase as an expression of what they want. Alternate translation: “we want you to command”
27:64	b8n2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀσφαλισθῆναι τὸν τάφον	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your soldiers to make the tomb secure”
27:64	hbh8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	τῆς τρίτης ἡμέρας	1	If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use a cardinal number here or an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “day three”
27:64	pwc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	ἐλθόντες	1	Your language may say “gone” rather than **come** in contexts such as this. Use whichever is more natural. Alternate translation: “having gone”
27:64	jgqs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐλθόντες	1	The Jewish leaders imply here that Jesus’ **disciples** might **come** to the tomb in which Jesus was buried. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having come to Jesus’ tomb”
27:64	t78s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἴπωσιν τῷ λαῷ, ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν; καὶ	1	If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would not be used in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “might say to the people that he has been raised up from the dead, and”
27:64	km0j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἠγέρθη	1	See how you translated **raised up** in the previous verse.
27:64	c7bf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν	1	Here, the phrase translated **the dead ones** refers to **dead** people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the place where dead people are”
27:64	u5tg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἡ ἐσχάτη πλάνη	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **deception**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the last time they deceive people”
27:65	dkq9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	κουστωδίαν	1	The word **guard** here is a singular noun that refers to a group of soldiers. If your language does not use singular nouns in that way, you can use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a group of guards”
27:66	pk1q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	σφραγίσαντες τὸν λίθον	1	This means that a seal was put on the **stone** that covered the entrance of Jesus’ **tomb**. The seal would break if someone moved the **stone**, thus indicating that the **stone** was moved. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “having placed a seal on the stone that was against the entrance of the tomb”
27:66	e8uf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	τῆς κουστωδίας	1	See how you translated the same use of **guard** in the previous verse.
28:intro	psw9				0	# Matthew 28 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The tomb\n\nThe tomb in which Jesus was buried ([28:1](../28/01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/tomb]])\n\n### “Make disciples”\n\nThe last two verses ([28:19–20](../28/19.md)) are commonly known as “The Great Commission” because they contain a very important command given to all Christians. Christians are to “make disciples” by going to people, sharing the gospel with them, and training them to live according to what Jesus commanded. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### An angel of the Lord\n\nMatthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing appearing to the women at Jesus’ tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels looked like male humans. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULT without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1–2](../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../jhn/20/12.md))
28:1	anr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse is a new event that happened soon after the time of the events the story has just related in the previous chapter. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And then”
28:1	qkn8			ὀψὲ δὲ Σαββάτων, τῇ ἐπιφωσκούσῃ εἰς μίαν σαββάτων	1	Alternate translation: “Now after the Sabbath ended, as the sun came up on the first day of the week”
28:1	avwc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς μίαν σαββάτων	1	Matthew uses **first** to imply the **first** day **of the week**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “on the first day of the week”
28:1	gs43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	μίαν σαββάτων	1	Here Matthew is actually using a cardinal number, “one,” in the original language to mean **first**. If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can also use a cardinal number here in your translation. Alternate translation: “on day one of the week”
28:1	zu2b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἡ ἄλλη Μαρία	1	This **Mary** is the mother of James and Joseph, as stated in [27:56](../27/56.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See how you translated **the other Mary** in [27:61](../27/61.md)
28:2	j25i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδοὺ	1	Matthew uses the term **behold** here to call the reader’s attention to the suddenness of the event that he describes next in the story. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all of the sudden”
28:2	l4s2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	Here, **for** indicates that what follows is the reason why the **earthquake happened**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “due to the fact that”
28:2	a5xv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἀπεκύλισε τὸν λίθον	1	This clause implies that the angel **rolled away the stone** that was covering the entrance to the tomb in which Jesus’ body had been placed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “rolled away the stone that was covering the entrance of the tomb”
28:3	qloc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that this verse is a break in the main story line. Matthew does this in order to give information about an angel at Jesus’ tomb. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information.
28:3	p12y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ἦν & ὡς ἀστραπὴ	1	The point of this comparison is that the **appearance** of the angel was very bright, as **lightning** is very bright. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “was extremely bright, like lightning”
28:3	i4hp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	τὸ ἔνδυμα αὐτοῦ λευκὸν ὡς χιών	1	Matthew is leaving out a word that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “his clothing was white like snow”
28:3	bzow		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	λευκὸν ὡς χιών	1	The point of this comparison is that the **clothing** of the angel was pure **white**, as **snow** is pure white. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “was pure white, like snow”
28:3	orq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	λευκὸν ὡς χιών	1	Matthew is comparing the angel’s clothing to **snow** because **snow** is a very white substance. If your readers would not be familiar with **snow**, you could use the name of something in your area that is known to be very white, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “white as cotton” or “very, very white”
28:4	u00v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀπὸ & τοῦ φόβου αὐτοῦ, ἐσείσθησαν οἱ τηροῦντες	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the guards’ fear of him caused them to shake”
28:4	b1ic		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	ἐγενήθησαν ὡς νεκροί	1	Matthew compares **the guards** to **dead men** because **dead men** lie on the ground and do no move. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fell to the ground and lay still”
28:5	q8dd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ταῖς γυναιξίν	1	Here, **the women** refers to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary mentioned in [28:1](../28/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary”
28:5	tbd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom people have crucified”
28:6	jwc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἠγέρθη	1	See how you translated this phrase in [27:64](../27/64.md).
28:7	r0p2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	ταχὺ πορευθεῖσαι	1	Here the angel is using a statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this as a command, as in the UST.
28:7	sp2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἴπατε τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν; καὶ ἰδοὺ, προάγει ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν; ἐκεῖ αὐτὸν ὄψεσθε.	1	If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “tell his disciples that he has been raised up from the dead ones. And behold, he is going ahead of you to Galilee. There you will see him”
28:7	r5cw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν	1	See how you translated this sentence in [27:64](../27/64.md).
28:7	a1ir		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδοὺ & ἰδοὺ	1	The angel uses **behold** twice in this verse because he wants the disciples to focus their attention on what he is saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “pay attention … Pay attention to what”
28:7	ljb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular	ὑμᾶς & ὄψεσθε & ὑμῖν	1	All occurrences of **you** are plural in this verse and refer to the disciples. You may need to translate these as plural in your language.
28:8	j2sv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἔδραμον	1	Here, **they** refers to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary mentioned in [28:1](../28/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Mary Magdalene and the other woman named Mary ran”
28:9	s393		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδοὺ	1	Matthew uses the term **behold** here to call the reader’s attention to the suddenness of the event that he describes next in the story. See how you translated the same use of **behold** in [28:2](../28/02.md).
28:9	nmg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ἐκράτησαν αὐτοῦ τοὺς πόδας	1	Here, Matthew implies that the two women knelt down on the ground when they **took hold of his feet**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “got down on their knees and held onto his feet”
28:10	hfkc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	λέγει	1	To call attention to a development in the story, Matthew uses the present tense in past narration. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. Alternate translation: “said”
28:10	etk6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου	1	Here Jesus refers to his disciples as if they were all **brothers** in his family. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my disciples”
28:11	ktu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows in [28:11–15](../28/11.md) is a new event that happened during the time of the events the story has just related in [28:9–10](../28/09.md). Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “At the time”
28:11	mu4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	αὐτῶν	1	Here, **they** refers to Mary Magdalene and the other Mary. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See how you translated **they** in [28:8](../28/08.md).
28:11	rnr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδού	1	Matthew uses the term **behold** here to call the reader’s attention to what is about to happen. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use here.
28:11	egn5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῆς κουστωδίας	1	Here, **the guards** refers to the Roman soldiers who had been guarding Jesus’ tomb. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of the Roman guards who had been at the tomb”
28:11	yvgx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τὴν πόλιν	1	Here, **the city** refers to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the city of Jerusalem”
28:12	ht82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	συναχθέντες	1	See how you translated **gathered together** in [26:3](../26/03.md).
28:12	birm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	ἔδωκαν	1	Here, **they** refers to the chief priests mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the chief priests gave”
28:13	kn8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	εἴπατε ὅτι, οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ νυκτὸς ἐλθόντες ἔκλεψαν αὐτὸν, ἡμῶν κοιμωμένων	1	If the direct quotation inside a direct quotation would be confusing in your language, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Say that his disciples, having come by night, stole him while we are sleeping”
28:13	s0bu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	Here, **we** refers to the Roman soldiers who guarded Jesus’ tomb, so **we** would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form.
28:14	n8xy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἀκουσθῇ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the governor hears this report”
28:14	u13q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τοῦ ἡγεμόνος	1	Here, **the governor** refers to Pilate, as indicated in [27:2](../27/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Pilate”
28:14	x57k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	Here, **we** refers to the Jewish chief priests and elders, so **we** would be exclusive. Your language may require you to mark this form.
28:14	exuo		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	πείσομεν	1	Here the chief priests and elders imply that they will **persuade** **the governor** not to punish the soldiers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will persuade him not to punish you”
28:15	yu3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐποίησαν ὡς ἐδιδάχθησαν	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “did what the priests had told them to do”
28:15	cp7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας	1	Here, **today** refers to the time when Matthew wrote this book. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when this book was written”
28:16	h1ln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	δὲ	1	**Now** here indicates that what follows in [28:16–20](../28/16.md) is a new event that happened after the time of the events the story has just related. Use the natural form in your language for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And then”
28:17	pze9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	οἱ & ἐδίστασαν	1	Matthew implies that **some** of the disciples **doubted** that the person they were seeing was really Jesus and that he had really become alive again. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “some of the disciples doubted that it was Jesus and that he had become alive again”
28:18	v37p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία	1	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My Father has given me all authority”
28:18	c9m6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority** you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I have been authorized to rule”
28:18	sm35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς	1	Here, **heaven** and **earth** are used together to refer to everyone and everything everywhere. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “over everything everywhere”
28:19	sf28		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	πορευθέντες	1	In this clause Jesus is using a statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you can use a more natural form for a command, as in the UST.
28:19	yz6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	πάντα τὰ ἔθνη	1	Here, **nations** refers to people who live in **all the nations**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of people in all the nations”
28:19	oc88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη	1	The phrase **make disciples** implies telling people the gospel message so that they can believe it and become Jesus’ **disciples**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See the discussion of this phrase in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “preach the gospel to people of all the nations so that they will become Jesus’ disciples”
28:19	l5b5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	τὸ ὄνομα	1	Here, **name** represents the authority of **the Father**, **the Son**, and **the Holy Spirit**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the authority”
28:19	pmg8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς, καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ, καὶ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος	1	Here **in name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit** could mean: (1) by being baptized, the **disciples of all the nations** would be acknowledging God’s authority over their lives. Alternate translation: “to express their allegiance to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit” (2) **the name** is the authority by which **disciples** are baptized. Alternate translation: “by the authority of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit”
28:19	kwa3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρὸς & τοῦ Υἱοῦ	1	**Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus.
28:20	lm0u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative	διδάσκοντες	1	Jesus is using a statement to give a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you can use a more natural form for a command, as in the UST.
28:20	mz6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	ἰδοὺ	1	Here Jesus uses **behold** to emphasize the truth of what he is about to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “truly”
28:20	cmdj			πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας	1	Alternate translation: “all the time”
28:20	si8z			ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος	1	Alternate translation: “until the end of this age” or “until the end of the world”
