Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
front:intro	z2ar				0	# Introduction to 1 Samuel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of 1 Samuel\n\n1. Samuel as judge over Israel (1:1–7:17)\n    * Samuel as a child (1:1–3:21)\n    * Shiloh priesthood; the fall and death of Eli the priest (4:1–22)\n    * The ark of God and the war with the Philistines (5:1–6:21)\n    * Mizpah; Samuel’s rule over Israel (7:1–17)\n1. Saul and Samuel (8:1–15:35)\n    * Samuel lets the people seek a king (8:1–22)\n    * Saul anointed king (9:1–10:27)\n    * Battle and victory over the Ammonites (11:1–15)\n    * Samuel’s farewell (12:1–25)\n    * Saul’s weakness and failures (13:1–15:35)\n1. David and his conflicts with Saul (16:1–31:13)\n    * God’s choice of David to be king (16:1–23)\n    * David fights Goliath (17:1–58)\n    * Saul’s jealousy of David; David and Jonathan (18:1–20:42)\n    * David in the wilderness; David in Philistia (21:1–30:31)\n    * Death of Saul (31:1–13)\n\n### What is the Book of 1 Samuel about?\n\nThe Book of 1 Samuel is about Samuel, Saul, and David. Samuel was the last of the judges over Israel. Saul was the first king of Israel. Much of the book is about how Saul became king, then how he later sinned against God and died. God chose David to be king after Saul. This book shows how God protected David when Saul tried to kill him.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators can use the traditional title “1 Samuel” or “First Samuel.” Or, translators may consider a clearer title such as “The First Book About Samuel, Saul, and David.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### What is the purpose of the Book of 1 Samuel?\n\nThe purpose of 1 Samuel is to give an account of the events leading up to David becoming king of Israel. In 1 Samuel, the twelve tribes of Israel unite under the first king of Israel, Saul. But Saul does not obey Yahweh’s commands. So God uses Samuel to choose David as a king who will trust and obey Yahweh.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of 1 Samuel?\n\nIt is uncertain who wrote 1 Samuel. It may have been someone alive soon after King Solomon died. When Solomon died, the kingdom of Israel split into two kingdoms. The author probably lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. A descendant of David continued to rule over the southern kingdom. The author may have written 1 Samuel to defend David’s right to be king. This would prove that David’s descendant was the rightful king of God’s people.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Who is “Yahweh’s anointed”?\n\nThe writer of 1 Samuel often speaks of “Yahweh’s anointed.” This refers to the one whom Yahweh chose to be the king of his people. Also, the phrase “Yahweh’s anointed” would make later readers think about the future descendant of David who would become king of God’s people. This person who Yahweh chose would be known as the Messiah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What are curses, as found in 1 Samuel and elsewhere?\n\nA curse is a strong statement a person makes to cause bad things to happen to the person or thing being cursed. A curse usually has this pattern: “May God do so to you, and even more, if you hide anything from me of all the words that he spoke to you” (1 Sam. 3:17). Other instances of curses in 1 and 2 Samuel are found in 1 Sam 14:44; 20:13; 25:22; 2 Sam 3:9, 35; and 19:13. The translator should represent a curse in the project language in as strong a way as possible.\n\n### How is the name “Israel” used in the Bible?\n\nThe name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])\n\nThe Book of 1 Samuel has two references to Israel and Judah ([1 Samuel 17:52](../17/52.md), [1 Samuel 18:16](../18/16.md)). However, these references appear in the text long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah are in the text because the author wrote at a time after the kingdoms split. He wanted the readers to understand that all the twelve tribes had supported David.\n\n### What is the meaning of the phrase “to this day”?\n\nThis phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation’s readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written” or “to this day, at the time of writing.” This phrase occurs in 1 Samuel 5:5; 6:18: 27:6; 30:25.
1:intro	cj3l				0	# 1 Samuel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter introduces Samuel. It is the beginning of the section 1, Samuel chapters 1–7, which tell about Samuel, the religious leader of Israel.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Two wives\n\nThis was a common practice in the ancient Near East. It was against the law of Moses. The men of Israel would have sinned if they married more than one woman. This type of marriage always creates problems because of jealousy. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]])\n\n### “Pay his vow”\nIt was customary for Israelites to promise God to make a sacrifice to him if God answered special prayers. Making such a sacrifice was called paying one’s vow. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idioms\n\nWhen Hannah wanted to assure Eli she was telling the truth, she used the idiom “as you live.” This is a type of oath formula meaning “I promise you I am telling the truth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])\n\nThe author also uses the phrase “call to mind.” This is a common idiom meaning “remember.”
1:1	xa1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	הָ⁠רָמָתַ֛יִם	1	This is the name of a small village possibly located eight kilometers northwest of Jerusalem.
1:1	mwm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	צוֹפִ֖ים	1	The phrase **the Zuphites** refers to the people group that descended from Zuph.
1:1	hizk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	אֶפְרָ֑יִם	1	Here, **Ephraim** refers to the land that was allotted to the people belonging to the Israelite tribe of Ephraim (See: Joshua 16:1–9).
1:1	cjl8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	אֶ֠לְקָנָה & יְרֹחָ֧ם & אֱלִיה֛וּא & תֹּ֥חוּ & צ֖וּף	1	These are the names of men.
1:1	x8xp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	אֶפְרָתִֽי	1	Here, **Ephraimite** refers to anyone living in the territory of Ephraim.
1:2	roc0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	וְ⁠ל⁠וֹ֙	1	The pronoun **him** refers to Elkanah.
1:2	g5tk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	חַנָּ֔ה & פְּנִנָּ֑ה	1	These are the names of two women.
1:3	zzb5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	הָ⁠אִ֨ישׁ הַ⁠ה֤וּא	1	The word **that** in the phrase **that man** is a demonstrative pronoun which refers to Elkanah. Alternate translation: “the man Elkanah”
1:3	kws9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	וְ⁠עָלָה֩	1	Here, **went up** indicates that in order to reach Shiloh, Elkanah had to travel from a lower location to a higher location because Shiloh was located in a mountainous region.
1:3	j91i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	מִ⁠יָּמִ֣ים׀ יָמִ֔ימָ⁠ה	1	The expression **days to days** is a Hebrew idiom. Alternate translation: “year by year” or “annually”
1:3	w8se		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	עֵלִ֗י & חָפְנִי֙ & וּ⁠פִ֣נְחָ֔ס	1	These are the names of men.
1:4	imlh			מָנֽוֹת	1	Here, **portions** refers to portions of meat. See UST.\nAlternate translation: “meat portions” or “portions of meat”
1:4	emtw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	וְ⁠נָתַ֞ן	1	Beginning here and continuing until the middle of verse 7, the author provides background information and explains what took place repeatedly year after year. The author does this to help readers better understand the story.
1:5	xq4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	וּ⁠לְ⁠חַנָּ֕ה	1	**Hannah** is a woman’s name. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:2](../01/02.md).
1:5	k5i7			מָנָ֥ה אַחַ֖ת אַפָּ֑יִם	1	The phrase, **one portion of two faces** could mean: (1) Elkanah gave Hannah a double portion. Alternate translation: “a double portion” (2) Elkanah gave Hannah especially desirable portions of meat. Alternate translation: “a special portion”
1:5	b7ri		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	סָגַ֥ר רַחְמָֽ⁠הּ	1	The phrase **shut her womb** is used figuratively to mean that Yahweh had not allowed Hannah to become pregnant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that would be most natural in your language. Alternative translation: “made her barren” or “prevented her from becoming pregnant”
1:5	cg80		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	מָנָ֥ה	1	Here, **portion** refers to the portion of meat that God let the people eat from the animal which they sacrificed.
1:6	f5cg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	וְ⁠כִֽעֲסַ֤תָּ⁠ה צָֽרָתָ⁠הּ֙ גַּם־כַּ֔עַס בַּ⁠עֲב֖וּר הַרְּעִמָ֑⁠הּ	1	This means that Peninnah would intentionally seek ways to humiliate and mock Hannah so that she would feel emotionally disturbed and be greatly troubled in spirit. you could translate this in a way that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “And Peninnah would intentionally provoke Hannah severely, for the purpose of hurting her feelings”
1:6	lrs0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠כִֽעֲסַ֤תָּ⁠ה צָֽרָתָ⁠הּ֙ גַּם־כַּ֔עַס	1	The word **provocation** is an abstract noun. If it would be more natural in your language you may translate this word using a verb phrase or adjective. Alternate translation: “And Peninnah would intentionally provoke Hannah severely”
1:6	mw8a			צָֽרָתָ⁠הּ֙	1	Here, **her rival** refers to Hannah’s rival Peninnah. It is probable that Elkanah took Peninnah as his second wife after Hannah was unable to bear children so that he could have offspring by Penninah. This would result in Hannah and Peninnah viewing each other as rivals. you could use a word or phrase that would be most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his second wife” or “her co-wife”
1:6	gq73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	הַרְּעִמָ֑⁠הּ	1	The phrase **cause her to thunder** is a figurative way of saying that Peninnah’s actions caused Hannah to be greatly irritated or troubled. The point of this comparison is that Peninnah would cause Hannah to be greatly bothered and disrupted in a way that is similar to the sky being disrupted to the point of thundering. you could communicate this in a way which would be most natural in your language.
1:6	wy2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	בְּעַ֥ד רַחְמָֽ⁠הּ	1	The phrase **shut up her womb** is a used figuratively to mean that Yahweh had not allowed Hannah to become pregnant. You can use a phrase that would be most natural in your language.\nAlternative translation: “made her barren” or “prevented her from becoming pregnant”
1:7	bzk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	עֲלֹתָ⁠הּ֙	1	Here, **went up** indicates that in order to reach Shiloh, Elkanah had to travel from a lower location to a higher location because Shiloh was located in a mountainous region. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:3](../01/03.md).
1:7	x38f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	עֲלֹתָ⁠הּ֙	1	Here, **she** refers to Hannah.
1:8	nz4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	לָ֣⁠מֶה תִבְכִּ֗י וְ⁠לָ֨⁠מֶה֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְלִ֔י וְ⁠לָ֖⁠מֶה יֵרַ֣ע לְבָבֵ֑⁠ךְ הֲ⁠ל֤וֹא אָֽנֹכִי֙ ט֣וֹב לָ֔⁠ךְ מֵ⁠עֲשָׂרָ֖ה בָּנִֽים	1	These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements, if it would be helpful in your language. Alternate translation: “you should not weep. You should eat, and your heart should be glad because I am better to you than ten sons!” or “you have little reason for sadness. I favor you and that should be enough.”
1:8	tt3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	הֲ⁠ל֤וֹא אָֽנֹכִי֙ ט֣וֹב לָ֔⁠ךְ מֵ⁠עֲשָׂרָ֖ה בָּנִֽים	1	Elkanah is intentionally exaggerating to emphasize what he wants Hannah to understand. Alternate translation: “Am I not better to you than any son could be”
1:9	kgv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וַ⁠תָּ֣קָם חַנָּ֔ה אַחֲרֵ֛י	1	Here, implicit information can be made explicit. This could mean: (1) Hannah’s tent was next to the tabernacle tent. (2) Hannah walked from her tent to the tabernacle to pray. Alternate translation: “Hannah rose up and went to the house of Yahweh to pray after”
1:9	hic6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	וְ⁠עֵלִ֣י	1	**Now** is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here, the author tells about a new person in the story. This person is the priest **Eli**.
1:9	qdl6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	הֵיכַ֥ל	1	Here, **the temple** was actually a tent, but it was where the people worshiped, so it is translated as **temple** here. You could use an equivalent word or phrase to describe **temple** in your language.
1:10	b85f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וְ⁠הִ֖יא מָ֣רַת נָ֑פֶשׁ וַ⁠תִּתְפַּלֵּ֥ל עַל־יְהוָ֖ה וּ⁠בָכֹ֥ה תִבְכֶּֽה	1	Hannah prayed to Yahweh because she was greatly grieved because she was not able to have any children and because Peninnah regularly ridiculed her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly.
1:10	k0z1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	מָ֣רַת נָ֑פֶשׁ	1	The phrase **bitter of spirit** is a simile. The point of this comparison is that Hannah’s emotional state was very unpleasant and undesirable, comparable to the unpleasant experience of eating something very bitter tasting. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “was greatly distressed”
1:11	hzpb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וַ⁠תִּדֹּ֨ר נֶ֜דֶר	1	The phrase **vowed a vow** is a way of saying that Hannah made a promise. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “made a promise”
1:11	vqab		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	וַ⁠תֹּאמַ֗ר	1	Here, **and said** is introducing the authors quotation of Hannah’s prayer. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “and this is what she prayed”
1:11	peh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations	יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אִם־רָאֹ֥ה תִרְאֶ֣ה׀ בָּ⁠עֳנִ֣י אֲמָתֶ֗⁠ךָ וּ⁠זְכַרְתַּ֨⁠נִי֙ וְ⁠לֹֽא־תִשְׁכַּ֣ח אֶת־אֲמָתֶ֔⁠ךָ וְ⁠נָתַתָּ֥ה לַ⁠אֲמָתְ⁠ךָ֖ זֶ֣רַע אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וּ⁠נְתַתִּ֤י⁠ו לַֽ⁠יהוָה֙ כָּל־יְמֵ֣י חַיָּ֔י⁠ו וּ⁠מוֹרָ֖ה לֹא־יַעֲלֶ֥ה עַל־רֹאשֽׁ⁠וֹ	1	This portion is the authors quotation of Hannah’s prayer to Yahweh.
1:11	ri9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	בָּ⁠עֳנִ֣י אֲמָתֶ֗⁠ךָ	1	The abstract noun **affliction** can be translated as a verbal phrase. This could mean: (1) Hannah’s emotional suffering because she was unable to become pregnant. Alternate translation: “on how I am suffering because I cannot become pregnant” (2) Hannah’s emotional suffering because of Peninnah’s frequent insults and taunts. Alternate translation: “on how that woman is afflicting me”
1:11	ee3h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	וּ⁠זְכַרְתַּ֨⁠נִי֙ וְ⁠לֹֽא־תִשְׁכַּ֣ח	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The repetition is used for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could combine these two phrases. Alternate translation: “and indeed remember”
1:11	m3wr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	וּ⁠זְכַרְתַּ֨⁠נִי֙ וְ⁠לֹֽא־תִשְׁכַּ֣ח	1	Hannah does not actually think that Yahweh is unaware of her situation or has forgotten about it. Rather, this is an emphatic and urgent way of asking Yahweh to act on her behalf by answering her prayer for a son. Alternate translation: “and give heed to, and act on behalf of”
1:11	y3ce			וּ⁠נְתַתִּ֤י⁠ו	1	This portion of Hannah’s prayer begins her promise to Yahweh. She tells Yahweh that if he gives her, her request for a son, she will dedicate the child to Yahweh all the days of his life and not give him a haircut. She begins her promise with the phrase **then I will give**. If your language has a specific way that it would introduce a promise in this context, you may consider using it here if it would be natural in your language. Alternative translation: “then I promise I will give him”
1:12	q3g7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	כִּ֣י הִרְבְּתָ֔ה לְ⁠הִתְפַּלֵּ֖ל	1	The phrase **increased to pray** is a Hebrew idiom. It means that Hannah was continuing in prayer, or making her prayers many. It is used here to show that Hannah was praying for a long time. Alternate translation: “when she continued praying”
1:12	ddxz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י	1	The phrase **before the face of** is a Hebrew idiom. It is used to show that something takes place in front of or in the presence of someone or something else. It is used here to show that Hannah was praying in the presence of Yahweh. Use the term or phrase in your language that would most naturally communicate that something takes place in front of someone or in the presence of someone. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
1:12	js4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	וְ⁠עֵלִ֖י	1	**Eli** was the chief priest, so he was in the tabernacle of God and in charge of it.
1:13	ne47		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	וְ⁠חַנָּ֗ה הִ֚יא מְדַבֶּ֣רֶת עַל־לִבָּ֔⁠הּ רַ֚ק שְׂפָתֶ֣י⁠הָ נָּע֔וֹת וְ⁠קוֹלָ֖⁠הּ לֹ֣א יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ וַ⁠יַּחְשְׁבֶ֥⁠הָ עֵלִ֖י לְ⁠שִׁכֹּרָֽה	1	If it would be misunderstood in you language, you could arrange the order of events in a way that is most natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Now Hannah was silently praying. And Eli assumed that she was drunk, because she was not making any sound, only her lips were moving”
1:13	sw9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	מְדַבֶּ֣רֶת עַל־לִבָּ֔⁠הּ	1	Here, **heart** is used figuratively. Use the term or phrase that would be most natural in your language. If you do not have a figurative way to express this in your language you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. See UST.
1:14	m16w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	עַד־מָתַ֖י תִּשְׁתַּכָּרִ֑י⁠ן	1	Eli is stating this in the form of a question for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or as an exclamation. See UST.
1:15	dcnb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness	אֲדֹנִ֔⁠י	1	The phrase **my master** is a way of politely or respectfully addressing someone. If you have an equivalent term or phrase in your language, consider using that. Alternate translation: “my lord” or “sir”
1:15	qnz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	קְשַׁת־ר֨וּחַ֙	1	The phrase **difficult of spirit** is a Hebrew idiom. Alternative translation: “troubled of spirit” or “very unhappy”
1:15	fzi6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וָ⁠אֶשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖⁠י	1	The phrase **pouring out** refers to emptying the contents of what is inside something. Here it is used figuratively, and so the phrase **pouring out my soul** means telling Yahweh one’s troubles or deepest emotions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but I have been telling my troubles” or “but I have been telling my deepest emotions”
1:15	irvy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י	1	The phrase **before the face of** is a Hebrew idiom. It is used to show that something takes place in front of or in the presence of someone or something else. It is used here to show that Hannah was praying in the presence of Yahweh. Use the term or phrase in your language that would most naturally communicate that something takes place in front of someone or in the presence of someone. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
1:16	a5rz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	אֲמָ֣תְ⁠ךָ֔	1	Hannah speaks of herself in the third person to show humility. If it would be helpful in your language, you may use a first person pronoun here. Alternate translation: “me”
1:16	wxf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness	אֲמָ֣תְ⁠ךָ֔	1	Here, Hannah calls herself Eli’s **female servant** as a humble way of showing respect. Hannah was not actually Eli’s servant. If you have an equivalent term or phrase in your language consider using it here if it would be natural.
1:16	lf9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	מֵ⁠רֹ֥ב שִׂיחִ֛⁠י וְ⁠כַעְסִ֖⁠י	1	Here, Hannah tells Eli why she is praying the way that she is. Hannah uses three abstract nouns, **abundance,** **complaint,* and **provocation.** If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these using verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. Alternate translation: “because I am very troubled, and my rival has greatly provoked me”
1:17	a5u2			Then Eli answered	0	Eli was the head priest residing over the tabernacle.
1:18	sl27		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Let your servant find	0	Hannah speaks of herself in the second person to show respect for Eli, the head priest. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “Let me, your servant, find” or “Let me find”
1:18	tu8x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	find favor in your eyes	0	Here “find favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here the eyes are a metonym for sight, and seeing represents judging or deciding the value of something. Alternate translation: “evaluated me and approve” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:18	us1u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	ate; her face was	0	Here “her face” represents Hannah herself. You can make this a separate sentence, if needed. Alternate translation: “ate. She was” or “ate. People could see that she was”
1:19	rw2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Elkanah knew Hannah	0	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Elkanah had sexual relations with Hannah”
1:19	r2kg			remembered her	0	God knew what was happening to Hannah; he had not forgotten her. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 1:11](../01/11.md).
1:20	n484			Hannah conceived	0	Alternate translation: “Hannah became pregnant”
1:21	v7jy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his house	0	The word “house” is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. Alternate translation: “his family”
1:22	n9zg			is weaned	0	stops drinking milk and starts eating only solid food
1:22	ui7y			he may appear before Yahweh and live there forever	0	Hannah had promised God that she would allow Samuel to live and work with Eli the priest in the temple ([1 Samuel 1:11](../01/11.md)).
1:23	t6a9			nursed her son	0	Alternate translation: “gave her son milk”
1:24	u3ax		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume	ephah	0	An ephah is about 22 liters of dry material.
1:24	dn9w			bottle	0	Wine was kept in animal skins, not glass bottles.
1:26	r835		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula	חֵ֥י נַפְשְׁ⁠ךָ֖	1	The phrase **As your spirit is alive** is an oath formula. If you have a term or phrase that would be most natural in your language to express an oath in this context, consider using that. Alternative translation:
1:26	lrs1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness	בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔⁠י	1	The phrase **Please, my master** is a respectful way of addressing someone of higher status. Use the term or phrase that would be most natural in your language for addressing someone of higher status in this context. If your language has a specific way that a woman would address a man of higher status consider using that. Alternate translation: “Please, sir”
1:27	m76r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	has given me my petition which I asked of him	0	The noun “petition” refers to a formal request for another person to do something. It can be translated with a verb. The idiom “to give a petition” means to do what the person requests. Alternate translation: “has agreed to do what I solemnly requested that he do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:28	fp77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he is lent to Yahweh	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am loaning him to Yahweh”
1:28	f1d4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he worshiped Yahweh	0	This could mean: (1) “He” refers to Elkanah or (2) “he” is a synecdoche referring to both Elkanah and his family. Alternate translation: “Elkanah and his family”
2:intro	fe7v				0	# 1 Samuel 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with Hannah’s poetic prayer in 2:1–10 .\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Hannah’s song of praise to God\n\nThis song is about how God protects the weak and strengthens them. He humbles the rich, provides for the poor, and defeats his enemies.\n\n### Eli’s Sons\n\nEli, the chief priest, had two sons. They were ungodly priests who continually sinned and did not honor God. Eli corrected them but they did not listen. A prophet warned Eli that God would stop his family from being priests and his sons would both die on the same day. At the same time, Samuel was growing up and serving God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\nThis chapter has many figures of speech because the first part of the chapter is a song and the last part of the chapter is a prophecy. Songs and prophecy tend to have many figures of speech.\n\n### Synecdoches\n\n“My heart” and “my mouth” are synecdoches referencing the speaker. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])\n\n### Metonymies\n\nBody parts are often used to stand for activities involving that part of the body. “The feet of his faithful people” is a metonym meaning what they are doing or where they are going. Place names are often used for people in that place such as “the ends of the earth” meaning the people living in the ends of the earth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])\n\n### Metaphors\n\nHannah used many military metaphors: “rock,” representing protection; “the bows of the mighty men are broken,” representing military defeat; “the horn of his anointed,” representing the power of the one that God has chosen to be king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nGod used three rhetorical questions to correct and condemn Eli. “Did I not reveal myself to the house of your ancestor, when they were in Egypt in bondage to Pharaoh’s house?” “Why then do you scorn my offerings that I required in the place where I live?” “Why do you honor your sons above me by making yourselves fat with the best of every offering of my people Israel?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:1	e9ks		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	# General Information:\n\nHannah recites a song to Yahweh.
2:1	aq77			My heart exults	0	Alternate translation: “I have great joy”
2:1	j5ts			in Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “because of who Yahweh is” or “because Yahweh is so great”
2:1	s8ym		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	My horn is exalted	0	A horn is a symbol of strength. Alternate translation: “I am now strong”
2:2	v6e5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh.
2:2	tvt6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	there is no rock like our God	0	This is another way of saying that God is strong and faithful.
2:2	xqh2			rock	0	This is a rock large enough to hide behind or to stand on and so be high above one’s enemies.
2:3	k2up		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh. She speaks as if other people were listening to her.
2:3	l38w			no arrogance	0	Alternate translation: “no arrogant words”
2:3	tzn5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	by him actions are weighed	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he weighs people’s actions” or “he understands why people act as they do”
2:4	v82q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh.
2:4	rd1s			The bow of the mighty men are broken	0	This could mean: (1) the bows themselves are broken or (2) the men who carry the bows are prevented from acting. Alternate translation: “Mighty bowmen are kept from acting”
2:4	re5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The bow of the mighty men are broken	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh breaks the bows of the mighty men” or “Yahweh can make even the strongest of people weak”
2:4	nr6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	those who stumble put on strength like a belt	0	This metaphor means they will no longer stumble, but their strength will remain with them as tightly as a belt. Alternate translation: “he will make those who stumble strong”
2:4	u785			put on … a belt	0	This is the general term for putting something around one’s waist to prepare for work.
2:5	t7ag		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh.
2:5	q5su			gives birth to seven	0	Alternate translation: “gives birth to seven children”
2:5	uun5			languishes	0	becomes weak and sad and lonely
2:6	rlw4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh.
2:6	wy38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Yahweh kills … brings to life … brings down … raises up	0	Yahweh is in control of everything.
2:7	rdi6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh.
2:7	p7gh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	makes some people poor … some rich … humbles … lifts up	0	Yahweh is in control of everything.
2:8	ui1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh.
2:8	x5qk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	out of the dust … from the ash heap	0	These are metaphors for the lowest position in society.
2:8	kfa7			the needy	0	people who do not have the things that they need
2:9	n8u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh.
2:9	qa5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	guard the feet of his faithful people	0	Here “feet” is a metonym for the way a person walks, which in turn is a metaphor for the way a person decides how to live his life. Alternate translation: “keep his faithful people from making foolish decisions” or “enable his faithful people to make wise decisions” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:9	c576		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	the wicked will be put to silence in darkness	0	This polite way of saying that Yahweh will kill the wicked can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will put the wicked to silence in darkness” or “Yahweh will put the wicked in the dark and silent world of the dead”
2:9	tij9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the wicked will be put to silence	0	The words “be put to silence” are an idiom for “be made silent.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make them silent” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:9	ms18			by strength	0	Alternate translation: “because he is strong”
2:10	mph9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	Hannah continues to recite a song to Yahweh.
2:10	k6zw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Those who oppose Yahweh will be broken	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will break those who oppose him”
2:10	q5jv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	broken to pieces	0	This idiom means “defeated.”
2:10	zja3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the ends of the earth	0	This is an idiom that means everywhere. Alternate translation: “the whole earth”
2:10	ui4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	exalt the horn of his anointed	0	A horn is a symbol of strength. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate translation: “he will make the leader he has chosen stronger than his enemies”
2:10	zv7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his anointed	0	This speaks of the person that Yahweh chose and empowered for his purposes as if Yahweh had anointed the person with oil. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one he has anointed” or “the one he has chosen” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:12	q8jj				0	# General Information:\n\nWhen people would offer animals as sacrifices, they would first burn the animal’s fat and then boil the meat and eat it.
2:12	xbf4			did not know Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “did not listen to Yahweh” or “did not obey Yahweh”
2:13	j81a			custom	0	A custom is an action that people regularly do.
2:14	pa2z			into the pan, or kettle, or cauldron, or pot	0	These are containers in which food could be cooked. If your language does not have separate words for these items it can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “into whatever the people were cooking the meat in”
2:14	r3hj			pan	0	a small metal container for boiling and cooking
2:14	ye8t			kettle	0	a large, heavy metal container for boiling and cooking
2:14	y3g8			cauldron	0	a large, heavy metal container for boiling and cooking
2:14	u3la			pot	0	a clay container for cooking
2:15	q7b6				0	# General Information:\n\nWhen people would offer animals as sacrifices, they would first burn the animal’s fat and then boil the meat, give some to the priest, and eat the rest.
2:15	a5zh			Worse, before	0	Alternate translation: “They even did something worse than that. Before”
2:15	j2my		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they burned	0	The person who actually did the burning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the man who was sacrificing took his sacrifice to the priests and the priests burned”
2:15	f4np			Give meat to roast for the priest	0	Alternate translation: “Give me some meat so I can give it to the priest so he can roast it”
2:15	a5aa			roast	0	cook over a fire
2:15	c19i			boiled	0	cooked in water
2:15	y5r2			raw	0	not cooked
2:17	yx43			despised Yahweh’s offering	0	The young men did not like Yahweh’s instructions regarding the offering and paid no attention to them.
2:20	tc3y			because of the request she made of Yahweh	0	Hannah had asked Yahweh for a baby and promised him that she would give the baby to serve in the temple.
2:21	k1xe			before Yahweh	0	This means where Yahweh could see him and Samuel could learn about Yahweh.
2:22	lbj3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	they were lying with the women	0	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “they were having sexual relations with the women”
2:23	tv62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why do you do such things?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is terrible that you do such things!”
2:25	lkz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	who will speak for him?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is certainly no one who can speak for him.”
2:25	eb5j			speak for him	0	Alternate translation: “ask Yahweh to have mercy on him”
2:25	cvx3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the voice of their father	0	Here the father’s “voice” represents the father. Alternate translation: “their father” or “what their father said”
2:27	f6z6			man of God	0	This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a man who hears and tells words from God”
2:27	r882		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did I not reveal myself … house?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should know that I revealed myself … house.”
2:27	k8sr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of your ancestor	0	The word “house” is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. Alternate translation: “the family of your ancestor”
2:27	u541			your ancestor	0	Aaron
2:28	z66e			to go up to my altar, and to burn incense	0	This refers to making an offering to Yahweh.
2:28	vv14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to wear an ephod before me	0	The words “wear an ephod” are a metonym for the work of the priests who wear the ephod. Alternate translation: “to do what I had commanded the priests to do”
2:29	tk44			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe man of God continues to speak to Eli.
2:29	rx55		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why, then, do you scorn my sacrifices … live?	0	This rhetorical question is a rebuke. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not scorn my sacrifices … where I live.”
2:29	ai4j			the place where I live	0	Alternate translation: “the place where my people bring offerings to me”
2:29	en93			making yourselves fat with the best of every offering	0	The best part of the offering was to be burned up as an offering to Yahweh, but the priests were eating it.
2:30	b5d5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of your ancestor	0	The word “house” is a metonym for the people who lived in the house. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 2:27](../02/27.md). Alternate translation: “the family of your ancestor”
2:30	url1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	should walk before me	0	This is an idiom that means “live in obedience to me.”
2:30	agt3			Far be it from me to do this	0	Alternate translation: “I will certainly not allow your family to serve me forever”
2:30	hd3e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	those who despise me will be lightly esteemed	0	The words “lightly esteemed” is an ironic euphemism for “greatly despised.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will lightly esteem those who despise me” or “I will greatly despise those who despise me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:31	wg4e			See	0	Alternate translation: “Listen carefully to what I am about to say” or “What I am about to say is very important”
2:31	h1ax		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	I will cut off your strength and the strength of your father’s house	0	The words “cut off … strength” are probably a euphemism for the death of strong, young men; the words “your father’s house” are a metonym for “your family.” Alternate translation: “I will kill you and all strong, young male descendants in your family” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:31	l1i2			be any old man	0	Alternate translation: “be any old men” or “be any men who grow old”
2:33	l8ta			cause your eyes to fail	0	Alternate translation: “cause you to lose your eyesight” or “cause you to go blind”
2:35	vaw9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will raise up … a faithful priest	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will cause a man to become priest”
2:35	i1g2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	for myself	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “to serve me”
2:35	zj6d			what is in my heart and in my soul	0	Alternate translation: “what I want him to do and what I tell him to do”
2:35	bg77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will build him a sure house	0	Here “house” is an idiom used for “descendants.” Alternate translation: “I will ensure that he always has a descendant who serves as high priest”
2:36	tmh4			him	0	the faithful priest whom God will raise up
2:36	y912		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	so I can eat a piece of bread	0	Here “piece of bread” is used for “food. “Alternate translation: “so I can have something to eat”
3:intro	riy2				0	# 1 Samuel 3 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God speaks to Samuel\n\nGod spoke at night to Samuel when he was a small boy, telling him that he would punish Eli’s family. As Samuel grew up, God gave him many messages. People came from all over Israel to find out what God had to say.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metonymy\n\nIn order to show respect when talking to God, Samuel calls himself “your servant” when referring to himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])\n\n### Idioms\n\nOne characteristic of prophecy is the use of figures of speech. In this passage there are two idioms: “ears will shake,” meaning “will shock everyone who hears” and “carry out,” meaning “do.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])\n\nIn order to be sure Samuel would tell him the whole truth, Eli used the standard formula for a curse: “may God do to you, and even more, if,” meaning “God will punish severely if the person does what the curse says he will do.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
3:1	w5tu			Yahweh’s word was rare	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh did not often speak to people”
3:3	vl1e			The lamp of God	0	This is the seven-candle lampstand in the holy place of the tabernacle that burned every day and through the night until it was empty.
3:3	vv3t			the temple of Yahweh	0	The “temple” was actually a tent, but it was where the people worshiped, so it is best to translate the word as “temple” here. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:9](../01/09.md).
3:6	mt8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my son	0	Eli was not Samuel’s true father. Eli speaks as if he were Samuel’s father to show Samuel that he is not angry but that Samuel needs to listen to him.
3:7	s4pa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	nor had any message from Yahweh ever been revealed to him	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “nor had Yahweh ever revealed any message to him” or “and Yahweh had never revealed any message to him”
3:9	m2t2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	your servant is	0	Eli tells Samuel to speak to Yahweh as if Samuel were another person so that Samuel would show respect to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I am”
3:10	tcr3			Yahweh came and stood	0	This could mean: (1) Yahweh actually appeared and stood before Samuel or (2) Yahweh made his presence known to Samuel.
3:10	z33m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	your servant is	0	Samuel speaks to Yahweh as if Samuel were another person to show respect to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I am”
3:11	huj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	at which the ears of everyone who hears it will tingle	0	Here “ears … will tingle” is an idiom that means everyone will be shocked by what they hear. Alternate translation: “that will shock everyone who hears it”
3:11	z6qj			tingle	0	This means to feel like someone is gently poking with small, sharp objects, usually because of the cold or because someone has slapped that body part with their hand.
3:12	z75y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	from beginning to end	0	This is a merism for completeness. Alternate translation: “absolutely everything”
3:13	dp7i			brought a curse upon themselves	0	Alternate translation: “did those things which Yahweh had said he would punish those who did them”
3:14	x5qu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the sins of his house will never be atoned for by sacrifice or offering	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “there is no sacrifice or offering that anyone can offer that will atone for the sins of his house”
3:14	n75w			the sins of his house	0	Alternate translation: “the sins that the people in his family have committed”
3:15	ma13			the house of Yahweh	0	The “house” was actually a tent, but it would be best to translate “house” here.
3:16	p47b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my son	0	Eli was not Samuel’s true father. Eli speaks as if he were Samuel’s father to show Samuel that he is not angry but that Samuel needs to answer him. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:6](../01/06.md).
3:17	w2ne			the word he spoke	0	Alternate translation: “the message Yahweh gave”
3:17	s4uq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	May God do so to you, and even more	0	This is an idiom to emphasize how serious Eli is. Alternate translation: “May God punish you the same way he said he will punish me, and even more”
3:19	rz12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he let none of his prophetic words fall to the ground	0	Here messages that do not come true are spoken of as if they fell to the ground. This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he made all the things he prophesied happen” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
3:20	km4x			All Israel	0	Alternate translation: “All the people in Israel”
3:20	q8cs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	from Dan to Beersheba	0	This is a merism for “in every part of the land.” Alternate translation: “from one end of the land to the other” or “from Dan in the very north to Beersheba in the very south”
3:20	v6xm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Samuel was appointed	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh had appointed”
4:intro	a7dh				0	# 1 Samuel 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### The Ark of the Covenant in Philistine country\n\nThis chapter begins a new section on the Ark and the Philistines. It recounts two battles between Israel and the Philistines. In both battles, Israel was badly defeated and, in the second, the Ark was captured.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The Ark is captured\n\nThe Philistine army invaded Israel, and Israel’s army went to fight them but was defeated. Israel decided that if they took the Ark into the next battle, God would cause them to win. When Eli’s sons took the Ark into the next battle and the Philistines won the battle, they killed Eli’s two sons and captured the Ark. When Eli heard the Ark was captured, he fell over, broke his neck, and died. Hearing this news, his daughter-in-law named her baby “the glory has departed.”\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical Question\n\nThe Philistines expressed their fear using a rhetorical question: “Who will protect us from the strength of this mighty God?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4:1	ahq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ebenezer … Aphek	0	These are the names of places.
4:2	in3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Israel was defeated by the Philistines, who killed	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Philistines defeated the Israelites and killed”
4:2	c78l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	about four thousand men	0	Here the number four thousand is a round number. There may have been a few more than that or a few less than that. The word “about” shows that it is not an exact number. Alternate translation: “about 4,000 men”
4:3	v2ec			the people	0	the soldiers who had been fighting the battle
4:3	d9z9			Why has Yahweh defeated us today before the Philistines? Let us bring … enemies	0	The elders truly did not know why Yahweh had defeated them, but they wrongly thought they knew how to make sure it did not happen again, by bringing the ark to be with them.
4:4	s4ks		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	who sits above the cherubim	0	You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant”
4:4	vz4l			Phinehas	0	This Phinehas is not the same as the grandson of Aaron in Exodus and Numbers.
4:4	w7gp			were there	0	were in Shiloh
4:5	ym2q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	When the ark of the covenant of Yahweh came into the camp	0	“When the people carried the ark of the covenant of Yahweh into the camp” Some languages may need to add understood information to make the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “The people, along with Hophni and Phinehas, picked up the ark of the covenant of Yahweh and carried it into the camp. When the people carried the ark into the camp”
4:6	hsc8			the ark of Yahweh had come into the camp	0	Alternate translation: “the people had carried the ark of Yahweh into the camp”
4:7	hw97			they said … They said	0	“they said to themselves … They said to each other” or “they said to each other … They said to each other.” The second clause clearly refers to what the Philistines said to each other. The first clause probably refers to what they thought, though it could also refer to what they said to each other. If possible, avoid stating who was spoken to.
4:7	n37y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	A god has come	0	The Philistines worshiped many gods, so they probably believed that one of those gods, or one whom they did not worship, had come into the camp. Another possible meaning is that they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel: “Yahweh has come.” Because 4:8 speaks of “gods,” some translations read, “Gods have come,” that is, “It is gods who have come.”
4:8	xaq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who will protect us from the strength of these mighty gods?	0	This rhetorical question is an expression of deep fear. It can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can protect us from these mighty gods.”
4:8	rx6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	these mighty gods … the gods who attacked	0	Because the word “god” (or “God”) in 4:7 is singular, many translations read “this mighty god … the god who attacked,” referring to any one of many possible gods, or “this mighty God … the God who attacked,” using the proper name of the God of Israel.
4:9	b9tg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	be men	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “be strong and fight”
4:10	bt9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Israel was defeated	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, “Israel” refers to the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “they defeated the army of Israel” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4:11	s6sx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The ark of God was taken	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Philistines also took the ark of God”
4:12	x321			clothes torn and earth on his head	0	This is a way to express deep mourning in Israelite culture.
4:13	tx5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	his heart trembled with concern	0	This is an idiom which means he was very fearful or terribly concerned about something.
4:13	l3my		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the whole city	0	This is a metonym for “all the people in the city.”
4:14	p7if			The man	0	Alternate translation: “The man of Benjamin”
4:16	c94p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my son	0	Eli was not the other man’s true father. Eli speaks as if he were the man’s father to show the man that he is not angry but that the man needs to answer him.
4:17	q67g			Israel fled from the Philistines	0	This is a general statement about what happened. The rest of the man’s words give details.
4:17	knm8			Also, there has been … people. Also, your two sons	0	Alternate translation: “I will now tell you something worse … I will now tell you something worse” or “Not only has there been … people, but your two sons”
4:17	b1fy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the ark of God has been taken	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Philistines have taken the ark of God”
4:18	li8q			When he mentioned	0	Alternate translation: “When the man of Benjamin mentioned”
4:18	duf3			mentioned	0	Alternate translation: “spoke of”
4:18	gqt1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	His neck was broken	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “His neck broke because he fell” or “He broke his neck when he fell”
4:19	cm81			his daughter-in-law	0	Eli’s daughter-in-law
4:19	px5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the ark of God was captured	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the Philistines had captured the ark of God”
4:20	c6ct			take what they said to heart	0	Alternate translation: “pay any attention to what they said” or “allow herself to feel better”
4:21	eja5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ichabod	0	The name is actually a phrase that means “no glory.” The name of a person sometimes reveals information about the person, place, or thing it refers to.
4:21	b2am		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	for the ark of God had been captured	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the Philistines had captured the ark of God”
4:22	pea3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the ark of God has been captured	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because the Philistines have captured the ark of God”
5:intro	qnq6				0	# 1 Samuel 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe story of the Ark of the Covenant in Philistia continues.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The Ark in the Philistine Cities\n\nThe Philistines took the Ark of God to Ashdod and put it in their idol temple, but their idol fell down in front of the Ark and the people got sick with bubonic plague. They took it to Gath next, and the people of Gath began dying of the plague. When they took the Ark to Ekron, the people of Ekron were afraid of it too and did not want it there. Finally they decided to send it back to Israel. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idioms\n\nThere are two slightly different idioms used in the same way: the “hand was heavy” and the “hand was hard.” Both idioms mean “was severely punished.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5:1	r22j			Now	0	This word marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a word or phrase that does the same, you could use it here.
5:1	j9ri			ark of God	0	See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/03.md). This is the a same as the “ark of the covenant of Yahweh” in [1 Samuel 4:3](../04/03.md).
5:2	ibj1			house of Dagon	0	This refers to the temple of Dagon, the god of the Philistines.
5:3	fn9x			behold, Dagon	0	Alternate translation: “they were very surprised to see that Dagon”
5:3	z1gy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Dagon had fallen facedown on the ground	0	The reader should understand that Yahweh had caused the statue to fall on its face during the night.
5:4	jsj6			Dagon had fallen	0	The reader should understand that Yahweh had caused Dagon to fall.
5:4	fww1			The head of Dagon and both of his hands were lying cut off	0	It was as if Yahweh were a soldier who had defeated his enemy and cut off the enemy’s head and hands.
5:5	l4ma		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This is why, even today	0	The writer is about to give some background information separate from the main story.
5:5	ey39			even today	0	Here “today” means up to the day when the author was writing this book.
5:6	l5he		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh’s hand was heavy upon	0	This is an idiom. “Yahweh severely judged”
5:6	ddj3			tumors	0	This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids.
5:6	uhg9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	both Ashdod and its territories	0	The name of the town is a metonym for the people living in the town. “both the people of Ashdod and the people in the land surrounding Ashdod”
5:7	y9dm			the men of Ashdod realized	0	Alternate translation: “the men of Ashdod understood”
5:7	l6t8			ark of the God of Israel	0	See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/03.md). This is the a same as the “ark of the covenant of Yahweh” in [1 Samuel 4:3](../04/03.md).
5:9	b7z1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh’s hand was against	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh punished”
5:9	buz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	both small and great	0	This could mean: (1) this is a merism that refers to age. Alternate translation: “men of all ages” or (2) this is a merism that refers social class. Alternate translation: “from the poorest and weakest men to the richest and most powerful men”
5:9	sxg1			tumors	0	This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md)
5:10	gk7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	cried out	0	Why they cried out can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “cried out in fear”
5:11	cb8i			the ark of the God of Israel	0	See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 3:3](../03/03.md). This is the a same as the “ark of the covenant of Yahweh” in [1 Samuel 4:3](../04/03.md).
5:11	s7pb			the God of Israel	0	This could mean: (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md).
5:11	se4g			there was a deathly panic throughout the city	0	Alternate translation: “people all over the city were afraid that they were going to die”
5:11	vn4h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of God was very heavy there	0	The hand is a metonym for God punishing the people. “Yahweh was punishing the people there very severely”
5:12	djg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The men who did not die	0	This implies that many men actually died.
5:12	u8uu			tumors	0	This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
5:12	vm1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the cry of the city went up to the heavens	0	The word “city” is a metonym for the people of the city. This could mean: (1) the words “went up to the heavens” is an idiom for “was very great.” Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out very loudly” or (2) the words “the heavens” is a metonym for the people’s gods. Alternate translation: “the people of the city cried out to their gods” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:intro	z9kg				0	# 1 Samuel 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter ends the story of the Ark of the Covenant among the Philistines.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The Philistines send the Ark back to Israel\n\nThe Philistine leaders asked their priests what they should do with the Ark. The priests said to send it off with an offering. The Philistines put the Ark on a cart drawn by cows and let them go wherever they wanted to go. The cows went straight toward Israel. When some people peeked into the Ark, God killed them. Because of this, the people sent the Ark to Kiriath Jearim.
6:2	rk4s			the priests and the diviners	0	These were pagan priests and diviners who worshiped Dagon.
6:2	nd2k			Tell us how we should send it	0	The Philistines wanted to know how to get rid of the ark without angering Yahweh any further.
6:3	gg7q			the God of Israel	0	This could mean: (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md).
6:3	nl22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	by all means send him a guilt offering	0	The words “by all means” are a forceful way of saying something. Alternate translation: “you must send a guilt offering”
6:3	ly3u			you will be healed	0	Alternate translation: “you will no longer be ill”
6:3	r6j5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	you	0	The pronoun “you” is plural, referring to all of the Philistines.
6:3	g77h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	why his hand has not been lifted off of you	0	Here “hand” is a metonym used to represent God’s power to afflict or discipline. Alternate translation: “why he has not relieved your suffering”
6:4	ej9d			tumors	0	This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
6:4	kn78			mice	0	more than one mouse
6:5	b9t4			models	0	A model is something that looks like a real thing.
6:5	jv13			tumors	0	This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
6:5	n47l			that ravage	0	Alternate translation: “that are destroying”
6:5	fu6m			the God of Israel	0	This could mean: (1) they were speaking the proper name of the God of Israel or (2) they believed that Israel worshiped one of many gods, “the god of Israel.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:7](../05/07.md).
6:5	yp97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	lift his hand from you, from your gods, and from your land	0	Here “hand” is a metonym used to represent God’s power to afflict or discipline. Alternate translation: “stop punishing you, your gods and your land”
6:6	ix9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should you harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts?	0	The priests and diviners use a rhetorical question to urge the Philistines to think very seriously about what will happen if they refuse to obey God. This can be translated as a warning. Alternate translation: “Do not be stubborn like the Egyptians and Pharaoh were!”
6:6	txz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	harden your hearts	0	This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuse to obey God”
6:6	qg9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	did not the Egyptians send away the people, and they left?	0	This is another rhetorical question used to remind the Philistines how the Egyptians finally sent the Israelites out of Egypt so that God would stop afflicting the Egyptians. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “remember that the Egyptians sent the Israelites out of Egypt.”
6:7	c676			two nursing cows	0	Alternate translation: “two cows that have calves that are still drinking milk”
6:8	d3hf			Then send it off and let it go its own way	0	Normally the two cows would head back home to their calves.
6:9	n756			if it goes … to Beth Shemesh, then it is Yahweh	0	It is unlikely that the cows would choose to wander to Beth Shemesh when their calves are back in the Philistine area.
6:10	vqs4			two nursing cows	0	“two cows that have calves that are still drinking milk” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 6:7](../06/07.md).
6:11	l2qq			mice	0	Translated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](../06/04.md).
6:11	hg4l			castings of their tumors	0	Alternate translation: “models of their tumors”
6:11	h2re			tumors	0	This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
6:12	d3ub			The cows went straight in the direction of Beth Shemesh	0	Nursing cows would normally return to their calves, but these cows went to Beth Shemesh.
6:12	iv94			lowing as they went	0	Lowing is the noise cows make with their voices.
6:12	kpn8			they did not turn aside either to the right or to the left	0	Alternate translation: “they did not wander off of the highway.” This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “they stayed on the highway” or “they went straight ahead”
6:13	ha2r			Now	0	The writer is introducing a new part of the story. If your language has a way of marking the beginning of a new part of the story, you could use it here.
6:13	teg5			people of Beth Shemesh	0	These were Israelites.
6:13	f6lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	lifted up their eyes	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “looked up”
6:14	dx59			A great stone was there	0	The people used this stone as an altar when they offered the cows as sacrifices.
6:15	u7kn			The Levites took down the ark of Yahweh	0	This actually happened before they chopped the cart into firewood to use in offering the cows to Yahweh.
6:15	km1p			The Levites took down the ark	0	According to the law of Moses, only the Levites were permitted to handle the ark.
6:15	lq8f			the box that was with it, where the golden figures were	0	Alternate translation: “the box containing the gold models of the rats and the tumors”
6:16	ke9z			the five rulers of the Philistines	0	Alternate translation: “the five Philistine kings”
6:17	rf99			tumors	0	This could mean: (1) painful swelling under the skin or (2) hemorrhoids. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 5:6](../05/06.md).
6:18	vv5i			mice	0	Translated this as in [1 Samuel 6:4](../06/04.md).
6:18	j566			fortified cities	0	These are cities with high walls around them to protect the people inside from attack by their enemies.
6:18	jy47		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The great stone … remains a witness	0	The stone is referred to as if it is a person who can see. Alternate translation: “The great stone … is still there, and people remember what happened on it”
6:18	z1wl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Joshua	0	This is a man’s name.
6:18	i2ln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Bethshemite	0	This is what a person from Beth Shemesh is called. Alternate translation: “from Beth Shemesh”
6:18	ksv7			to this day	0	to the time at which the writer wrote the book
6:19	gl4f			they had looked into the ark	0	The ark was so holy that no one was permitted to look inside it. Only the priests were allowed to even see the ark.
6:19	vv74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	50,070 men	0	“fifty thousand and seventy men”
6:20	zwk1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who is able to stand before Yahweh, this holy God?	0	This could mean: (1) this is a rhetorical question that expresses the people’s fear of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can resist Yahweh because he is so holy!” or (2) this is a question asking for information. The phrase “stand before Yahweh” may refer to priests who serve Yahweh. It is implied that the people were looking for a priest whom Yahweh would permit to handle the ark. Alternate translation: “Is there a priest among us who serves this holy God, Yahweh, and is able to handle this ark?” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:20	bc1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	To whom will the ark go up from us?	0	This is a question asking for information. It is implied that the people want Yahweh and the ark to go somewhere else so he will not punish them again. Alternate translation: “Where can we send this ark so that Yahweh will not punish us again?”
6:21	n5gr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kiriath Jearim	0	This was a town in Israel.
7:intro	hd2a				0	# 1 Samuel 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter completes the section on Samuel leading Israel.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Israel begins to worship Yahweh again\n\nSamuel told the people to get rid of all their idols and worship Yahweh alone. The people were obedient. When the Philistines heard the Israelites were all gathered together, the Philistines attacked, but God defeated them. There was a time of peace during which Samuel settled disputes between the people as the judges had done before.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idioms\n\nWhenever Samuel spoke to a group of people, he used many idioms: “to turn to” means “to worship”; “with your whole heart” means “completely”; and “rescue from the hand” means “rescued from the power.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:1	vxi4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kiriath Jearim	0	This is the name of a place.
7:1	uf4m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abinadab … Eleazar	0	These are the names of men.
7:2	kwf8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty years	0	“20 years”
7:3	iz8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the entire house of Israel	0	The word “house” is a metonym for the people who live in the house and their descendants. Alternate translation: “all of the descendants of Israel” or “all of the Israelite people”
7:3	yb5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	return to Yahweh with your whole heart	0	Here “with your whole heart” is an idiom that means to be completely devoted to something. Alternate translation: “become completely devoted to worshiping and obeying Yahweh only”
7:5	bsu1			all Israel	0	Alternate translation: “all the people of Israel” or “all the Israelites”
7:6	a817		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	drew water and poured it out before Yahweh	0	This could mean: (1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or (2) they got water out of a stream or well and poured it on the ground as an outward sign of being sorry for their sin.
7:7	ey3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the rulers of the Philistines attacked Israel	0	It can be stated plainly that it was the army and not the rulers by themselves who attacked Israel. Alternate translation: “the Philistine rulers led their army and attacked Israel”
7:8	n5ch		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	save us from the hand of the Philistines	0	The “hand” is a metonym for the power of the person. Alternate translation: “save us from the Philistine army” or “keep the Philistine army from harming us”
7:9	b1zp			nursing lamb	0	a lamb that is still drinking its mother’s milk
7:9	w6zg			cried out	0	Alternate translation: “cried out for help”
7:9	plu5			Yahweh answered him	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh did what Samuel asked him to do”
7:10	k1nw			As Samuel … they were routed before Israel	0	This begins to explain what the writer means by “Yahweh answered him” in ([1 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md)).
7:10	cd8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	threw them into confusion	0	The word “confusion” here is used as a casual way of saying the Philistines were unable to think clearly. Alternate translation: “made them unable to think clearly”
7:10	k6pl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	they were routed before Israel	0	This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “Yahweh routed them before Israel” or (2) “Israel routed them”
7:10	i1ra			routed	0	To rout people is to defeat them before they can cause any harm.
7:11	h1ei			The men of Israel … Beth Kar	0	This finishes explaining what the writer means by “Yahweh answered him” in ([1 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md)).
7:11	z9iq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Kar	0	This is the name of a place.
7:12	wsp2			took a stone and set it	0	The Israelites and other peoples in that land would place a large stone where important events had happened as a reminder of God’s help.
7:12	p5qv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mizpah … Shen	0	These are the names of places.
7:13	tts1			So the Philistines were subdued	0	The writer has just finished telling how the Philistines were subdued. If your language has a way of marking the end of a description, you could use it here.
7:13	xt6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the Philistines were subdued	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh subdued the Philistines” or “Yahweh kept the Philistines from causing harm”
7:13	xr1h			they did not enter the border of Israel	0	The Philistines did not enter Israel’s border to attack them.
7:13	lb3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The hand of Yahweh was against the Philistines	0	The word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh used his power against the Philistines”
7:14	li9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The towns … from Israel were restored to Israel	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) Here “Israel” refers to the “land” of Israel. “Yahweh restored to the land of Israel the towns … from Israel” or (2) “Israel” is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel were able to reclaim the towns … from Israel” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:16	p2sh			went on a circuit	0	traveled from place to place in a rough circle
7:16	qa19			He decided disputes	0	Disputes are arguments or disagreements between two or more people.
8:intro	ek6j				0	# 1 Samuel 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### Saul and Samuel\n\nThe section including chapters 8–16 begins a new part of the story. The people wanted a king, and God chose Saul, the man the people wanted, to be their king. He was not the king Yahweh wanted.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The people want a king\n\nWhen Samuel was old, he appointed his sons to be judges. They were corrupt and took bribes, so the people came and asked Samuel to appoint a king for them. Samuel asked God, who gave them a king but warned them what a king would be like. Despite Samuel’s warning that a king would oppress them, the people still wanted a king. This was sinful because they were rejecting God as their king. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
8:3	d1qv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	chased after dishonest gain	0	The writer speaks of money that people would give Samuel’s sons as if it were a person or animal running away from Samuel’s sons, and he speaks of Samuel’s sons as if they were physically chasing that person or animal. Alternate translation: “they worked hard to gain money by being dishonest”
8:3	pt6z			perverted justice	0	Alternate translation: “judged in favor of those who did evil”
8:5	rx69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	do not walk in your ways	0	The way a person lives is spoken of as walking on a path. Alternate translation: “do not do the things you do” or “do not do what is just the way you do”
8:5	qj8f			Appoint for us a king to judge us like all the nations	0	This could mean: (1) “Appoint for us a king like the kings of all the nations so that he can judge us” or (2) “Appoint for us a king who will judge us the way the kings of the nations judge them”
8:5	jwe4			Appoint for us a king to judge us	0	The leaders wrongly believed that a king, and his sons after him, would rule justly.
8:6	z6je			But it displeased Samuel … Give us a king to judge us	0	Samuel was unhappy that the people did not just want him to remove his corrupt sons and to appoint honest judges, but they wanted a king to rule over them like other countries had.
8:7	lz95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Obey the voice of the people	0	Here “the voice” is a metonym for the will or the desire of the people. Alternate translation: “Do what the people say”
8:7	a4k7			but they have rejected me	0	Yahweh knew that the people were not just rejecting corrupt judges, but they were rejecting Yahweh as their king.
8:8	xfk7			I brought them out of Egypt	0	This refers to Yahweh freeing the Israelites from slavery in Egypt many years before.
8:9	dmf6			Now listen to them	0	Alternate translation: “Now do what they are asking you to do”
8:9	c3yq			warn them solemnly	0	Alternate translation: “be very serious as you warn them”
8:11	lsu4			This will be the practice … He will take	0	The practice of the king will be to take. This begins the list of things he will take.
8:11	ah6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	This will be the practice of the king who will reign over you	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **practice**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “This is how the king who will reign over you will act” or “This is what the king who will reign over you will do”
8:11	s2yh			appoint them to his chariots	0	Alternate translation: “have them drive chariots in battle”
8:11	w2k2			be his horsemen	0	They will ride horses into battle.
8:13	d6m4			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nSamuel continues to tell what things the king will take.
8:13	m3k5			to be perfumers	0	Alternate translation: “to make good-smelling oils to put on his body”
8:14	uib2			olive orchards	0	Alternate translation: “fields of olive trees”
8:15	bsk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction	a tenth of your grain	0	They will have to divide their grain into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king’s officers and servants.
8:15	l9c7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction	a tenth … of your vineyards	0	They will have to divide the wine that they produce in their vineyards into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king’s officers and servants.
8:15	bsq9			officers	0	These are the leaders of the king’s army.
8:16	eii9			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nSamuel continues to tell what things the king will take.
8:17	yl2b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction	the tenth of your flocks	0	They will have to divide their flocks into ten equal parts and give one of those parts to the king’s officers and servants. See how you translated “tenth” in [1 Samuel 8:15](../08/15.md).
8:17	t81y			you will be his slaves	0	Alternate translation: “you will feel as if you are his slaves”
8:18	l9mn			you will cry out	0	This could mean: (1) the people will ask Yahweh to rescue them from the king or (2) the people will ask the king to stop treating them so badly .
8:21	mk43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he repeated them in the ears of Yahweh	0	Here “the ears of Yahweh” refers to Yahweh. Samuel prayed to Yahweh repeating all that the people said. Alternate translation: “he repeated them to Yahweh”
8:22	d8pw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Obey their voice	0	Here the metonym “their voice” refers to the will of the people. Alternate translation: “Obey the people”
8:22	s4b6			cause someone to be king for them	0	“make someone king over them.” Use the common term in your language for making someone king.
8:22	vjc2			go to his own city	0	Alternate translation: “go home”
9:intro	kus3				0	# 1 Samuel 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Samuel chooses Saul to be their king\n\nWhen the donkeys of Saul’s father strayed away, Saul went looking for them. When he could not find them, he asked Samuel to ask God where they were. Samuel said the donkeys had been found. He invited Saul as the guest of honor to a feast and gave him a place to sleep for the night.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nSaul uses two rhetorical questions to convince Samuel he is not important: “Am not I a Benjamite, from the smallest of the tribes of Israel? Is not my clan the least of all the clans of the tribe of Benjamin?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:1	y487		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background		0	# General Information:\n\nIf your language has a way of telling the reader that the writer is giving background information in these verses, you could use it here.
9:1	k9kq			a man of influence	0	This could mean: (1) he was a wealthy man or (2) he was a nobleman or (3) he was a mighty and brave man.
9:1	sxy3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kish … Abiel … Zeror … Bekorath … Aphiah	0	These are names of the men of Saul’s family line.
9:1	q9zb			Benjamite	0	A Benjamite is someone who belongs to the tribe of Benjamin.
9:2	b5il			handsome	0	someone who looks good
9:2	vg77			From his shoulders upward he was taller than any of the people	0	The other tall people in Israel did not even come up to his shoulders.
9:3	cd5a			Now	0	The writer has ended the background information that began in ([1 Samuel 9:1](../09/01.md)) and starts a new main part of the story.
9:3	f2dz			arise and go	0	Alternate translation: “stop what you are doing and go”
9:4	z5qc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the hill country of Ephraim … the land of Shalishah … the land of Shaalim … the land of the Benjamites	0	These are all areas in Israel.
9:4	kh3y			did not find them … they were not there … did not find them	0	The words “them” and “they” all refer to the donkeys.
9:5	sqm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	land of Zuph	0	This is an area in Israel just north of Jerusalem.
9:6	vuh9			man of God	0	This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 2:27](../02/27.md). Alternate translation: “a man who hears and tells words from God”
9:6	bwk4			which way we should go on our journey	0	Alternate translation: “which way we should go to find the donkeys”
9:7	mr9g			what can we bring the man?	0	Giving a gift is a sign of respect for the man of God.
9:7	mnj1			man of God	0	This phrase usually means a prophet of Yahweh. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 2:27](../02/27.md). Alternate translation: “a man who hears and tells words from God”
9:8	hwa8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	one-fourth of a shekel	0	“1/4 of a shekel.” A shekel is a type of money used in the Old Testament. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
9:9	d7ht		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Formerly in Israel … seer	0	This is cultural information added by the Hebrew author. If it is not natural in your language to state this information here, it can be moved to the end of verse 11.
9:9	ejv4			For today’s prophet was formerly called a seer	0	Alternate translation: “Seer is the old name for what we call a prophet today”
9:12	lk9k			the people are sacrificing today	0	These are likely the feast or first-fruit sacrifices, not the sin sacrifices, which must be held at the tabernacle.
9:14	uw7s			to go up to the high place	0	This is a place that the people had designated as holy to make sacrifices and offerings to Yahweh. The writer writes as though it were outside the wall that was around the city.
9:15	uxs4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background		0	# General Information:\n\nThe writer stops telling the story and gives background information so the reader can understand what happens next.
9:16	gzr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	you will anoint him to be prince	0	The term prince is used here instead of king. This is the man whom God has chosen to be king of Israel.
9:16	r7na			the land of Benjamin	0	Alternate translation: “the land where people from the tribe of Benjamin live”
9:16	d7jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the hand of the Philistines	0	Here the word “hand” is a metonym for control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the Philistines” or “so the Philistines will no longer control them”
9:16	q8ng			For I have looked on my people with pity	0	Alternate translation: “My people are suffering and I want to help them”
9:17	g1vw			Yahweh told him	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Samuel”
9:18	pwf2			the seer	0	Alternate translation: “the prophet of Yahweh”
9:20	fdy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Then on whom are all the desires of Israel set? Is it not on you and all your father’s house?	0	These questions are an expression of deep conviction that Saul is the one whom Yahweh wants to be the king that the Israelites are looking for. The questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You should know that it is on you that all the desires of Israel are set. They are set on you and your father’s family.”
9:21	z2ng		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Am not I a Benjamite … of Israel? Is not my clan … Benjamin? Why then have you spoken to me in this manner?	0	Saul is expressing surprise because Benjamin was the smallest tribe in Israel, and other Israelites considered the tribe unimportant. Also, Benjamites considered the clan of which Saul was a member as unimportant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind these questions as statements. Alternate translation: “I am from the tribe of Benjamin, the least important of all tribes. And my clan is the least important clan in our tribe. I do not understand why you are saying that the Israelite people want me and my family to do something important.”
9:22	wn3v			the hall	0	The writer assumes that the reader knows that near the place where they would offer sacrifices there was a large building in which people would eat together.
9:22	rw25			head place	0	This is the seat of honor.
9:22	tpy7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thirty people	0	“30 people”
9:24	s46f			what was on it	0	This could mean: (1) the other food that Saul was to eat along with the meat or (2) other parts of the bull.
9:24	v2sc			Then Samuel said	0	In the original language it is not clear who is speaking. It is possible that the cook is speaking to Saul. Alternate translation: “Then the cook said”
9:25	i36v			on the rooftop	0	This is a normal place for family and guests to eat, visit, and sleep. It tends to be cooler in the evening and at night than the inside of the house.
9:26	r8sh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Samuel called to Saul on the rooftop and said	0	What Saul was doing on the rooftop can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “while Saul was sleeping on the rooftop, Samuel called to him and said”
9:27	yp6k			ahead of us”—and he went ahead—”but you must stay	0	It is possible that Samuel speaks all of these words. Alternate translation: “ahead of us, and when he has gone ahead, you must stay”
9:27	e7zg			that I may announce the message of God to you	0	Alternate translation: “so that I can tell you God’s message for you”
10:intro	abca				0	# 1 Samuel 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis is the first chapter about King Saul.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Saul as the New King\n\nSamuel told Saul that God had chosen him to be king, and on the way home he would meet some prophets. Saul would then begin prophesying and God would give him the Holy Spirit to help him to know what to do. Samuel told everyone to come to Mizpah where he announced that God had chosen Saul to be their king. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThis chapter uses rhetorical questions to express different ideas: to state a fact (“Has not Yahweh anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance?”), to express surprise (“And who is their father?”), to say he is someone very special (“Do you see the man that Yahweh has chosen?”), and to express contempt (“How can this man save us?”). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n### Idioms\n\nSamuel frequently uses idioms when prophesying: “going to God” means “going to worship God”; “take it from their hands” means “accept their gift”; “rush upon you” means “control you”; “hand finds to do” means “what you think you should do”; “God is with you” means “God is directing you”; “another heart” means “a different way of thinking”; “came to pass” means “happened”; “before Yahweh” means “to do work for Yahweh”; and “hearts God had touched” means “God had made them want to help Saul.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
10:1	y1dk			took a flask of oil, poured it on Saul’s head	0	In Israelite culture, when a prophet poured oil on someone’s head, that person received a blessing from Yahweh.
10:1	df9v			flask	0	a small container made from baked clay
10:1	m8gx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Has not Yahweh anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance?	0	Samuel knows the answer to his question. He is reminding Saul that Yahweh has chosen him to be king of Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has certainly anointed you to be a ruler over his inheritance.”
10:2	ndv7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zelzah	0	This is the name of a place.
10:2	f21q			What should I do about my son?	0	Saul’s father is now concerned about Saul and wants to find him.
10:3	nc4k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tabor	0	This is the name of a place.
10:4	my71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	take from their hands	0	The hands are a synecdoche for the person. “take from them” or “accept”
10:5	ha8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	tambourine	0	This is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken.
10:6	q8hj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The Spirit of Yahweh will rush upon you	0	The phrase “rush upon” means that Yahweh’s Spirit will influence Saul. In this case it means it means he will make Saul prophesy and act like a different person.
10:7	drt6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	do whatever your hand finds to do	0	Here Samuel speaks of Saul’s hand as if it were a person trying to find things. Alternate translation: “do whatever you think is right to do”
10:9	ifw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	God gave him another heart	0	God enabled Samuel to think differently from the way he had thought before.
10:10	lyd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	the Spirit of God rushed upon him	0	Samuel speaks as if the Spirit of Yahweh were a person running up to Saul and taking complete control of him. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/06.md). Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took complete control of him”
10:11	myw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What has happened to the son of Kish?	0	This could mean: (1) the people are asking for information or (2) this is a rhetorical question that means Saul is not important. Alternate translation: “Kish is not an important person, so it cannot be true that his son has become a prophet!”
10:11	us3j			the son of Kish	0	Alternate translation: “Saul, the son of Kish”
10:12	g5tt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Then who is their father?	0	This man uses a rhetorical question to remind people that being a prophet has nothing to do with who one’s parents are. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It does not matter who the parents of these other prophets are. What matters is that, amazingly, Saul is speaking messages from God.”
10:12	v7kp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	Because of this, it became a saying, “Is Saul also one of the prophets?”	0	This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “And that is why, when people cannot believe some report, they think about what happened to Saul and say, ‘Is Saul really one of the prophets?’” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10:14	kwk6			Then Saul’s uncle said to him	0	Alternate translation: “Then the brother of Saul’s father said to Saul”
10:16	t8y5			he did not tell him about the matter of the kingdom	0	Alternate translation: “Saul did not tell his uncle that God had appointed him to be the king of Israel”
10:18	j92a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I brought up Israel out of Egypt	0	The name “Israel” is a metonym for the people of Israel. “I brought the people of Israel out of Egypt”
10:18	yy7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of the Egyptians … the hand of all the kingdoms	0	The word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “the power of the Egyptians … the power of all the kingdoms”
10:19	x7u7			today	0	Samuel is speaking of the time since Israel had begun to reject God, not only the time since the sun had last set.
10:19	r9bd			Set a king over us	0	Alternate translation: “Give us a king to rule us”
10:19	ut8y			present yourselves before Yahweh by your tribes and by your clans	0	Alternate translation: “gather together by tribes and clans and come to stand before Yahweh”
10:20	qbp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the tribe of Benjamin was chosen	0	This can be translated in active form. It is probably best not to say how the people knew whom Yahweh had chosen. Alternate translation: “Yahweh chose the tribe of Benjamin”
10:21	f8p3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the clan of the Matrites was chosen … Saul son of Kish was chosen	0	This can be translated in active form. It is probably best not to say how the people knew whom Yahweh had chosen. Alternate translation: “Yahweh chose the clan of the Matrites … Yahweh chose Saul son of Kish”
10:23	ab3b			he was taller than any of the people from his shoulders upward	0	The other tall people in Israel did not even come up to his shoulders. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md).
10:25	v52k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the customs and rules of kingship	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kingship**, you can express the same idea with a noun clause. Alternate translation: “the customs and rules that a king would be required to follow”
10:26	re4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	whose hearts God had touched	0	God touching a person’s heart is an idiom that means God put something in their mind or moved them to do something. Alternate translation: “who wanted to go with Saul because God had changed their thinking”
10:27	u77f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How can this man save us?	0	This is a rhetorical question that is used to express sarcasm. Alternate translation: “This man has no power to save us!”
10:27	qwt6			despised	0	strongly disliked or hated
11:intro	abcb				0	# 1 Samuel 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter continues the story of King Saul by telling of his first victory in war.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Saul rescues the people of Jabesh Gilead\n\nNahash, king of the Ammonites, and his army surrounded the Israeli town of Jabesh Gilead. When the city’s leaders asked for peace terms, Nahash demanded the right to poke out one eye of every man in order to show Israel their weakness. When Saul heard this, he called for all of Israel to help save this city. Many people came to help Saul’s army. Israel was victorious and everyone wanted Saul as their king. At this time, Israel was not a truly unified country, even though it is often spoken of as one country. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idioms\n\nThe idioms in this chapter explain the effect God has on his people: “rushed upon him” means “empowered him”; “terror … fell” means “they became afraid”; “as one man” means “they all agreed”; and “put to death” means “kill.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:1	q5a1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nahash	0	This is a man from Ammon, a descendent of Lot, Abraham’s nephew.
11:1	y34w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jabesh Gilead	0	This is the name of a place.
11:2	ztl3			I gouge out	0	Alternate translation: “I cut out” or “I pluck out”
11:2	pi9x			bring disgrace on	0	Alternate translation: “bring shame on” or “bring a bad reputation to”
11:3	hcg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seven days	0	“7 days”
11:4	xw6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gibeah	0	This is the name of a place.
11:6	xw9g			the Spirit of God rushed upon him	0	The phrase “rushed upon” means Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Saul. In this case he enabled Saul to cause the people to fearfully respect him as their king and to join his army. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/06.md).
11:7	j26n			does not come out after	0	Saul was calling all the men of Israel to come fight against Nahash and the Ammonites.
11:7	wi7p			Then the terror of Yahweh fell on the people	0	Yahweh enabled people to fearfully respect Saul as their king. The result was that the men rallied together with Saul at Bezek.
11:8	r5l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bezek	0	This is the name of a town near Jabesh Gilead.
11:8	zr4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	the people of Israel were three hundred thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thousand	0	“the people of Israel were 300,000, and the men of Judah were 30,000”
11:9	gxn1			They said to the messengers	0	“They” refers to Samuel and Saul.
11:9	li2q			by the time the sun is hot	0	Alternate translation: “before the hottest part of the day” or “before noon”
11:9	lst9			Jabesh Gilead … Jabesh	0	These are the names of places. See how you translated them in [1 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md).
11:10	h3ne			Nahash	0	This is the name of a king. See how you translated this name in [1 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md).
11:11	d6lh			the morning watch	0	This was before dawn when most people in the camp were still asleep.
11:15	anj5			made Saul king before Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “made Saul king while Yahweh watched”
11:15	y7hb			There they sacrificed peace offerings before Yahweh	0	Part of Samuel’s service to Yahweh is to offer sacrifices even though he is not from the line of Aaron or Levi.
12:intro	abcc				0	# 1 Samuel 12 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Samuel’s farewell address\nThis chapter serves as a type of farewell address. This is a way for leaders to give instructions to their followers before they leave or die. Samuel first established his holiness before calling on the people to repent of their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\nIt is common in Scripture to use Israel’s history to show how faithful God has been. This gives the readers evidence to trust in Yahweh in their current situation. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
12:2	jw1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the king walking before you … I have walked before you	0	These expressions mean that people can actually see the kind of lives Saul and Samuel are living. Alternate translation: “the king’s life was seen … My life was seen”
12:3	y8su		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here I am; testify against me before Yahweh and before his anointed one	0	By this statement, Samuel is challenging the people to speak up if he has done anything wrong to anyone. Alternate translation: “I stand in front of you now. I ask you to speak in front of Yahweh and his anointed king if I have done you any wrong”
12:3	zf3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Whose ox have I taken? Whose donkey have I taken?	0	Samuel uses rhetorical questions to remind the people that he has never stolen their animals. Alternate translation: “I have never stolen a prized animal from anyone.”
12:3	ui7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Whom have I defrauded?	0	Samuel uses another rhetorical question to say he has always been honest. Alternate translation: “I have never cheated or bribed any man.”
12:3	xi9r			Testify against me, and I will restore it to you	0	Alternate translation: “If I have done any of these evil things, speak now, and I will pay back what I owe. I will make right any wrong”
12:4	w6u5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	from any man’s hand	0	This phrase means what a person possesses or what they have done to obtain favor from others. This is a polite way of saying he has not stolen, nor has he given or taken bribes.
12:5	s4uv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	in my hand	0	This phrase means what a person possesses or what they have done to obtain favor from others. This is a polite way of saying he has not stolen, nor has he given or taken bribes.
12:7	p1jp			all of the righteous deeds of Yahweh	0	Samuel is calling their attention to the history of Yahweh’s dealing with Israel, which has been filled with goodness and purpose.
12:8	hds1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jacob … Moses … Aaron	0	These are names of men.
12:9	s9g1			into the hand of Sisera … Philistines … king of Moab	0	Alternate translation: “into the power of Sisera … Philistines … king of Moab”
12:9	yb45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sisera	0	This is the name of a man.
12:9	db38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hazor	0	This is the name of a place.
12:9	tqv1			he sold them	0	This is an expression for God giving them over to their enemies to be their slaves.
12:10	s6ua			They cried out to Yahweh	0	“They” refers to the nation of Israel.
12:10	k54u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	have served the Baals and the Ashtoreths	0	Serving here is referring to acting worshipful towards the false gods. Alternate translation: “have worshiped false gods and goddesses”
12:10	rl36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of our enemies	0	This statement is using “hand” to refer to power. Alternate translation: “the power or control of our enemies”
12:11	frh4			Jerub Baal	0	This is sometimes translated Jerubbaal. This is a name of godly honor and strength to fight the false god.
12:11	zc87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh sent … and gave you victory	0	Samuel is telling the story of what God did after the people’s confession of sin and plea for help.
12:11	uy4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jerub Baal, Bedan, Jephthah, and Samuel	0	These are the names of some judges that God raised up. Samuel included himself in this list.
12:13	b1z6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	whom you have chosen, whom you have asked for	0	These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize that this is the king whom the people wanted.
12:14	qrk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	fear … serve … obey … not rebel	0	These similar words are used to emphasize how important this is.
12:15	qw1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh’s hand will be against you, as it was against your ancestors	0	This speaks of Yahweh punishing the people as his “hand” being against them. The word “hand” here represents Yahweh’s power and control. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will punish you, just as he punished your ancestors”
12:16	p8gu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	before your eyes	0	The word “eyes” here represents the people of the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “out in the open where all of the nation of Israel may see”
12:17	y9za		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is it not the wheat harvest today?	0	Samuel knows it is harvest time. He is using a rhetorical question to emphasize that it does not usually rain at this time so the people will know that the rain that will ruin their harvest is a judgment from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “It is harvest time and does not usually rain at this time”
12:17	kyk2			he may send thunder and rain	0	Samuel is asking Yahweh to punish Israel for asking for a king by sending a rainstorm during the harvest which will ruin the grain.
12:19	ec4y			so that we do not die	0	The ultimate punishment for sin is death. The nation of Israel had seen Yahweh destroy the nations that had oppressed them. They were concerned that they had become “dedicated for destruction” like those nations.
12:20	fej7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Do not be afraid	0	The people did evil and were afraid of God destroying them. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid that God will be angry and destroy you because of this sin”
12:21	ek55			turn away after empty things	0	Alternate translation: “pursue worship of false gods”
12:22	shb6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	For the sake of his great name	0	Here “name” refers to the reputation of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “So that people will continue to honor and respect Yahweh”
12:23	jh36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	far be it from me that I should sin against Yahweh by ceasing to pray for you	0	The people are filled with fear because of the rain and thunder that Yahweh sent when Samuel prayed. Some people may believe Samuel would use his prayers to harm them.
13:intro	abcd				0	# 1 Samuel 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is the beginning of a story about Jonathan’s victory over the Philistines.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Preparation for the battle\n\nSaul sent most of his army home before Jonathan attacked and defeated a Philistine garrison. This attack made the Philistines very angry, and they brought a huge army into Israel and camped at the top of a hill. Most of Saul’s army ran away in fear and hid from the Philistines. There are many aspects of this story that give the reader the impression that Israel was unprepared for battle.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Hyperbole\n\nWanting to express the vast number of enemy soldiers, the author uses a hyperbole: “as numerous as the sand on the seashore,” meaning “too many to count.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
13:1	xn4d				0	# General Information:\n\nSamuel has renewed Saul’s kingdom at Gilgal and Samuel has reminded the people to follow the Lord.
13:1	cyx8			Saul was thirty years old … over Israel	0	The text of this verse in ancient copies seems to have been mutilated, so modern versions have many different translations. They are all attempts to represent the most probable meaning of the original text.
13:2	gep7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	chose three thousand men	0	“chose 3,000 men”
13:2	z3qf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Two thousand were with him	0	“2,000 men were with him”
13:2	gq8s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Michmash	0	This is the name of a city.
13:2	p5jv			Gibeah of Benjamin	0	Gibeah is a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md).
13:2	esc4			The rest of the soldiers he sent home	0	Alternate translation: “He sent the rest of the soldiers home”
13:3	j52z			garrison of the Philistines	0	Alternate translation: “military base of the Philistines” or “military camp of the Philistines”
13:3	ia2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Geba	0	This is the name of the town that the Philistine garrison was stationed in.
13:4	m9rj			All Israel heard that Saul had defeated	0	This could mean: (1) Saul was taking responsibility for Jonathan’s actions or (2) Saul was taking credit for Jonathan’s actions.
13:4	mef1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Israel had become a rotten smell to the Philistines	0	The Philistines hating the Israelites is spoken of as if the Israelites had become a bad smell that offended the Philistines. Alternate translation: “the Philistines hated the Israelites”
13:4	en9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the soldiers were summoned together to join Saul at Gilgal	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Saul called the soldiers together to join him at Gilgal”
13:5	ez1f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three thousand … six thousand	0	“3,000 … 6,000”
13:5	ilg1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	troops as numerous as the sand on the seashore	0	This is an exaggeration that means a group of soldiers so large that it was difficult to count them.
13:5	xgl1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Michmash	0	This is the name of a place.
13:5	m7kg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Aven	0	This is the name of a place.
13:6	a5jv				0	# General Information:\n\nThe Philistines had gathered together to fight against Israel.
13:6	p712			the people	0	This phrase refers to the nation of Israel.
13:6	u7b9			the people were distressed	0	Alternate translation: “the people worried greatly”
13:7	q9n6			followed him trembling	0	The people were greatly afraid.
13:8	r3fs			the time Samuel had set	0	Alternate translation: “according to the time Samuel had told them he would come”
13:8	i6u1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the people were scattering from Saul	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the people had started to leave Saul”
13:9	p5s8			Then he offered the burnt offering	0	Only the line of Aaron was permitted to perform the burnt offering sacrifice to God.
13:11	r1c1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have you done	0	Samuel was not really asking a question, but giving a rebuke to Saul. Saul sought to defend his actions even though they were wrong.
13:11	r1ii			Michmash	0	Michmash is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:2](../13/02.md).
13:13	wtr2			You have not kept the command of Yahweh	0	Saul was to wait for Samuel to come and sacrifice the burnt offering to God. He was not to perform the sacrifice himself.
13:13	cmq5			established your rule	0	Alternate translation: “set up your rule” or “authorized your rule” or “appointed your rule”
13:14	v5qb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	your rule will not continue	0	This is a litotes that can be stated in the positive form. Alternate translation: “your rule will end soon”
13:14	qa5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a man after his own heart	0	Here “heart” represents Yahweh’s desire or will. The phrase “man after his own heart” is an idiom that means to be a person who does what Yahweh desires. Alternate translation: “a man who is the kind of person he wants” or “a man who will obey him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:15	rlp2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Samuel arose and went up	0	This is an idiom for “Samuel left and went up.”
13:15	t3ur			went up from Gilgal	0	Gilgal is a city. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md).
13:15	by5i			Gibeah of Benjamin	0	Gibeah is a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md).
13:15	mg2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	six hundred men	0	“600 men”
13:16	yzn9			Geba of Benjamin	0	Geba is a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:3](../13/03.md).
13:16	gre7			Philistines camped at Michmash	0	Michmash is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:2](../13/02.md).
13:17	h5tq			Raiders came	0	Raiders are normally military people who attack enemy villages for their food and other supplies.
13:17	plh5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ophrah, to the land of Shual	0	These are the names of places.
13:18	jd1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Horon … Valley of Zeboyim	0	These are the names of places.
13:19	nlg3				0	# General Information:\n\nThe narrative shifts to background information regarding blacksmiths in Israel.
13:19	fqi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	No blacksmith could be found	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one could find a blacksmith”
13:19	v3wd			blacksmith	0	Here “blacksmith” refers to someone who made or sharpened metal tools and weapons.
13:20	u2vp			sharpen his plow points	0	The words “plow points” refer to the point of a metal tool used for digging up the ground for planting crops.
13:20	gyk2			mattock … ax … sickle	0	These are common garden tools.
13:20	rk53			mattock	0	A “mattock” is a broad-bladed axe, with a horizontal blade that is used for breaking up hard soil.
13:20	rc73			sickle	0	a curved blade for cutting grasses and grain stalks
13:21	wv2t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	two-thirds of a shekel	0	The shekel is divided into 3 parts, 2 of 3 parts are given. “2/3 of a shekel”
13:21	e1et			straightening the goads	0	Alternate translation: “taking out the bend and making the ox goad straight again so it could be used”
13:22	lcm6			there were no swords or spears	0	This explains in part why Saul’s army was afraid. They did not have any weapons to fight.
14:intro	abce				0	# 1 Samuel 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter completes the story of Jonathan’s victory over the Philistines.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### The battle against the Philistines\n\nJonathan took his armor bearer to where the Philistines were on the top of the hill. He said God could use a few people just as easily as he could use many people to win his battles. He and his armor bearer started killing the Philistines, and suddenly the Philistines began fighting each other or running away. The rest of Israel, who had hidden, came and chased the Philistines. Even though Israel had a king, God was still in control of the nation of Israel.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Special reference\n\nThe people of Israel often used the term “uncircumcised” to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to mean the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])
14:1	m1uz				0	# General Information:\n\nJonathan begins his second raid on the Philistines’ army.
14:1	kea8			his young armor bearer	0	a teenage boy who is responsible for caring for his master’s weapons of war
14:1	s7kb			Philistines’ garrison	0	This is an outpost staffed by the Philistine army.
14:2	r25g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gibeah	0	This is the name of a hill north of Jerusalem.
14:2	z13e			under the pomegranate tree	0	a tree whose fruit is thick skinned, round, red and has many seeds to eat
14:2	j9pi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	that is in Migron	0	“Migron” is the name of a place north of Jerusalem.
14:2	l18h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	six hundred men were with him	0	“600 men were with him”
14:3	ms8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	son of Ahitub (Ichabod’s brother)	0	“Ahitub” and “Ichabod” are names of men.
14:3	ihr7			Phinehas son of Eli	0	Phinehas was one of the priests. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 1:3](../01/03.md).
14:4	r7in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	One rocky cliff was called Bozez	0	A “cliff” is a rocky height with a steep drop. The cliff was well-known and given the name “Bozez.”
14:4	g7r2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the other rocky cliff was called Seneh	0	This was the name of the other cliff.
14:5	t2qr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Michmash … Geba	0	towns north of Jerusalem
14:6	zb4m			his young armor bearer	0	This was a teenage boy who was responsible for caring for his master’s weapons of war. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 14:1](../14/01.md).
14:6	v7vs			uncircumcised fellows	0	a derogatory term used for non-Jewish men
14:6	i4mm			work on our behalf	0	Alternate translation: “work for our support” or “help us”
14:6	zt56		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	nothing can stop Yahweh from saving	0	This double negative can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh can save”
14:6	s2bp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	by many or by few people	0	These extremes also include everything in between. Alternate translation: “by any number of people”
14:7	k14h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	everything that is in your heart	0	Here “heart” refers to Jonathan’s desires. Alternate translation: “everything that you desire to do”
14:9	np7k			will not cross over to them	0	Alternate translation: “will not go over to the other side of the valley where the Philistines are”
14:10	d8qx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	has given them into our hand	0	Here “hand” refers to the power to defeat them. Alternate translation: “will enable us to defeat them”
14:10	le8f			This will be the sign to us	0	Alternate translation: “This will confirm that the Lord will be with us”
14:11	gw4e			revealed themselves to the garrison of the Philistines	0	Alternate translation: “allowed the Philistine soldiers to see them”
14:11	nz3b			the garrison	0	the army camp
14:11	mw3e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	coming out of the holes where they have hidden themselves	0	The Philistines implied that the Hebrews had been hiding in holes in the ground like animals.
14:12	d753		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	we will show you something	0	This is an idiom that means “we will teach you a lesson.”
14:12	ead2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	has given them into the hand of Israel	0	Here “hand” refers to power to defeat the Philistines. Alternate translation: “will enable Israel to defeat them”
14:13	wcb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Jonathan climbed up on his hands and feet	0	He did this because it was very steep. This could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “So Jonathan climbed up, using his hands and his feet because it was very steep”
14:13	hb6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The Philistines were put to death before Jonathan	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jonathan killed the Philistines”
14:13	h93x			his armor bearer put some to death behind him	0	Alternate translation: “Jonathan’s armor bearer followed him and also killed Philistine soldiers”
14:15	r2ci		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	There was a panic in the camp, in the field, and among the people	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **panic**, you can express the same idea with a verb or as an adjective. Alternate translation: “The Philistine soldiers in the camp and in the field, and all the people with them, panicked” or “The Philistine soldiers in the camp and in the field, and all the people with them, became very afraid”
14:15	lmj6			the raiders	0	the Philistines who were raiding Israelite cities
14:15	ety8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The earth quaked	0	It may be helpful to state the cause. Alternate translation: “God caused the ground to shake”
14:16	y56n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gibeah	0	This was the town where Saul was born. Translated “Gibeah” as in [1 Samuel 10:26](../10/26.md).
14:16	fxf9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	was dispersing … going here and there	0	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that the soldiers were running away in every direction.
14:18	b8k3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	Bring the ark of God here	0	A few versions have “ephod” here instead of “ark of God.”
14:19	f1gk			commotion	0	great noise and confusion
14:19	db4u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Withdraw your hand	0	This seems to be an idiom the means “Stop what you are doing.” Saul did not want Ahijah to continue to use the ark to ask God for direction. Alternate translation: “Do not bring the sacred chest at this time”
14:20	v4kx			the people who were with him	0	the remnant of the Israelite army that remained with Saul
14:20	j27w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Every Philistine’s sword was against his fellow countrymen	0	The swords are spoken of as if they were living people. Alternate translation: “The Philistine soldiers were striking each other with their swords”
14:22	pz4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the men of Israel who had hidden themselves in the hills	0	This does not refer to an ambush. These soldiers were hiding because they were afraid of the Philistines. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “the Israelite soldiers who were afraid and had hidden themselves in the hills”
14:23	y4b7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Aven	0	This is a place in Israel. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:5](../13/05.md).
14:24	h5cu			So none of the troops tasted food	0	It was understood by the troops that no refreshment was permitted under Saul’s oath.
14:25	k9ql			the people entered the forest	0	The Philistine soldiers fled through the forests and the Israelite soldiers followed them there.
14:26	y6qu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	the honey flowed	0	This is an exaggeration to emphasize how much honey there was in the forest. Alternate translation: “there was a lot of honey everywhere”
14:26	u6dd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	no one put his hand to his mouth	0	Here putting one’s “hand to his mouth” is a metonym that means to eat. Alternate translation: “no one ate any”
14:26	ll4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the people feared the oath	0	The people were not afraid of the oath, but of the punishment that was associated with breaking the oath. Alternate translation: “the people were afraid of what Saul would do to them if they broke his oath”
14:27	jdr1				0	# General Information:\n\nJonathan learns of his father’s oath.
14:27	tpk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	bound the people with an oath	0	Here the obligation to obey an oath is spoken of as if the people were bound with ropes. Alternate translation: “commanded that the people obey his oath”
14:27	bpc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	He raised his hand to his mouth	0	Here “hand to his mouth” is a metonym that means to eat. Alternate translation: “He ate some honey”
14:27	m3rq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	his eyes brightened	0	This idiom means that he was strengthened. Alternate translation: “he regained his strength”
14:29	cip2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for the land	0	This is a metonym that represents the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “for Israel”
14:29	z3xa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	my eyes have become brightened	0	This idiom means that he was strengthened. Alternate translation: “I regained my strength”
14:30	v75u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How much better if the people … that they found?	0	Jonathan uses this hypothetical question to state that the people should have been allowed to eat. This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Our victory would have been better if the people had eaten freely today of the plunder that they took from their enemies.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
14:30	m8aj			plunder	0	This word refers to the things the people had taken from the battle with their enemy.
14:30	v717			Because now the slaughter has not been great	0	Because the troops were not able to eat during the battle, as the day progressed, they became weaker. Because of this, they were not able to kill as many of the Philistines.
14:31	f2fj				0	# General Information:\n\nJonathan’s words lead the army to sin against God in their great hunger.
14:31	z8g4			Michmash	0	This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 13:2](../13/02.md).
14:31	w4i2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Aijalon	0	a place in Zebulun in Israel
14:31	lb94			The people	0	This refers to the Israelites.
14:32	g2ur		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	ate them with the blood	0	The were so hungry they did not drain the blood first before eating. This was a violation of the Law which was given to Moses for the nation of Israel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “ate them without draining the blood first as required by the law”
14:33	pqy9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	by eating with the blood	0	This was a violation of the Law which was given to Moses for the nation of Israel. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “by eating meat without draining the blood first as required by the law”
14:33	ing6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	You have acted unfaithfully	0	Saul is accusing his whole army of acting unfaithfully though this is a generalization because not every soldier acted unfaithfully.
14:33	d9xa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Now, roll a big stone here to me	0	The stone would hold the animals up and make it easier to drain the blood from them.
14:34	v1tn			kill them here, and eat	0	This would allow Saul to observe if the blood was properly drained from the animals.
14:35	l562				0	# General Information:\n\nSaul had told the people to bring their animals to a big stone to kill and eat.
14:35	y6xn			Saul built an altar to Yahweh	0	It is unclear if Saul built this altar with the large stone that the people brought to him in [1 Samuel 14:33](../14/33.md).
14:36	vwb8				0	# General Information:\n\nSaul seeks to continue the fight against the Philistines.
14:36	qd4e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	let us not leave one of them alive	0	This is stated in a negative way to emphasize the slaughter. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “let us kill every one of them”
14:36	j8bk			Do whatever seems good to you	0	Saul had the support of his army to continue the fight.
14:36	eu41		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Let us approach God here	0	Here “approaching God” is associated with asking him counsel. Alternate translation: “Let us ask God what we should do”
14:37	e4l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	give them into the hand of Israel	0	Here “hand” refers to the power to defeat them. Alternate translation: “enable us to defeat them”
14:37	tdl4			But God did not answer him that day	0	This implies that God was not willing to help Saul.
14:38	vy5y			the people	0	This refers to the Israelites.
14:38	wp75			learn and see how this sin has happened	0	Alternate translation: “find who sinned”
14:39	t91s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	even if it is in Jonathan my son, he will surely die	0	Saul stated this as a hypothetical situation because he did not believe that Jonathan was guilty.
14:39	dce3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	But none of the men among all the people answered him	0	The people remained silent because most of them knew that Jonathan had broken Saul’s oath. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “His men knew who was guilty, but none of them said anything to Saul”
14:40	vud3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Then he said to all Israel	0	This was a generalization since only the Israelite soldiers were present. Alternate translation: “Then he said to the Israelite soldiers who were there”
14:41	f92v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	give the Thummim	0	The Israelites at that time used special stones called the Urim and the Thummim to receive direction from God. Alternate translation: “Show us by means of the Thummim”
14:41	rk8v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate	Thummim	0	This is a borrowed word from the original language.
14:41	as11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Jonathan and Saul were taken by lot, but the army was exonerated	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The lots indicated that either Jonathan or Saul was guilty, but the army was not guilty”
14:42	rw4a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Then Jonathan was taken by lot	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then the lot indicated that Jonathan was guilty”
14:43	am45				0	# General Information:\n\nThe lots had just showed that Jonathan had sinned.
14:43	h3ee			Tell me what you have done	0	Alternate translation: “Tell me how you have sinned” or “Tell me what you have done that was wrong”
14:43	yi96			I will die	0	This could mean: (1) “I am willing to die” or (2) “do I deserve to be executed because of doing that?”
14:44	bhu1			God do so and more also to me, if you do not die, Jonathan	0	Saul makes a second foolish oath in less than one day. Alternate translation: “May God kill me if I do not kill you, Jonathan”
14:45	sym5				0	# General Information:\n\nThe Army defends and protects Jonathan from Saul.
14:45	q95l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should Jonathan die, who has accomplished this great victory for Israel? Far from it!	0	The people scold Saul. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has just accomplished this great victory for Israel. He should surely not die.”
14:45	et5x			As Yahweh lives	0	The people were expressing their certainty that they would not let anything happen to Jonathan.
14:45	cdg3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	not one hair of his head will fall to the ground	0	This exaggeration shows how the people of Israel would protect Jonathan and keep him safe. This litotes can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “we will protect him from any harm” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
14:47	at51				0	# General Information:\n\nFor a brief period Saul served with great courage in defeating Israel’s enemies.
14:47	q2xh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Israel	0	This is a metonym that represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites”
14:47	vkj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Moab	0	This refers to the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “the Moabites”
14:47	lm9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Edom	0	This refers to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: “the Edomites”
14:47	wyv4			Wherever he turned	0	Alternate translation: “Wherever he sent his army”
14:48	kxf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of the hands	0	The word “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “out of the control”
14:49	t582				0	# General Information:\n\nThis is background information on Saul’s family.
14:49	tt1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ishvi … Malki-Shua	0	These are names of men.
14:49	f4ri		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Merab … Michal	0	These are names of women.
14:50	qv1q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahinoam	0	This is the name of a woman.
14:50	rvk7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahimaaz … Abner … Ner	0	These are names of men.
14:51	eci8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kish … Ner … Abner … Abiel	0	These are names of men.
14:52	e8ef			all the days of Saul	0	Alternate translation: “all of Saul’s life”
14:52	ezp3			he attached him to himself	0	Alternate translation: “he forced him to join his army”
15:intro	abcf				0	# 1 Samuel 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis is the end of the section on Saul and Samuel (8–15).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God wants total obedience\n\nSamuel told Saul that God wanted him to completely destroy the Amalekite people and animals. Saul fought the Amalekites and killed all the people except the king. He destroyed the animals that were not very good but saved the best animals. Saul told Samuel he had obeyed God’s command. Samuel asked him about the animals Saul had. Saul said he had saved them for a sacrifice to God. God said that obedience was better than sacrifice. Because Saul had disobeyed him, God had chosen someone else to become king.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idiom\n\n“He has turned back from following me” is an idiom meaning “he has stopped obeying me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWhen Saul insisted that he had obeyed God, Samuel rebuked him with these rhetorical questions: “What then is this bleating of sheep in my ears, and the lowing of the oxen that I hear?”; “Though you are little in your own sight, were you not made the head of the tribes of Israel?”; “Why then did you not obey the voice of Yahweh, but instead you seized the booty and did what was evil in the sight of Yahweh?”; and “Has Yahweh as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of Yahweh?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:1	t4nn			the words of Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “the message of Yahweh”
15:3	q1vz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	completely destroy all that they have … kill both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey	0	These two phrases mean the same thing. The second phrase gives specific details about what they are to destroy completely.
15:3	ik1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	Do not spare them	0	This negative statement emphasizes the completeness of the destruction.
15:4	m856			the people	0	Alternate translation: “the army”
15:4	sp3s			numbered them	0	Alternate translation: “counted them”
15:4	ppw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	two hundred thousand men on foot, and ten thousand men of Judah	0	“200,000 men on foot, and 10,000 men of Judah”
15:6	stl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kenites	0	a nomad people group that had always been friendly to the nation of Israel
15:7	t6tl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Havilah … Shur	0	These are the names of places.
15:8	n8xb				0	# General Information:\n\nYahweh had told Saul to destroy everything, but here Saul disobeys Yahweh’s command.
15:8	ey6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he took Agag	0	Here Saul represents himself accompanied by his army. Alternate translation: “Saul and his army took Agag” or “Saul and his army captured Agag”
15:8	kfl9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he completely destroyed all the people with the edge of the sword	0	The “edge of the sword” represents the swords and other weapons that soldiers used in battle. Here Saul represents himself accompanied by his army. Alternate translation: “they completely destroyed all of the people with their swords” or “they killed all of the people with their swords”
15:9	ln2i			Saul … spared Agag	0	Saul disobeyed God by letting Agag live.
15:9	nh2u			as well as the best of the sheep	0	Saul disobeyed God by keeping the best of the livestock.
15:10	w6bp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Samuel, saying,	0	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Samuel. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Samuel:”
15:11	u8i3			It grieves me	0	Alternate translation: “I am sorry”
15:11	fu9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he has turned back from following me	0	Saul not obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if Saul had physically turned away from walking behind God. Alternate translation: “he has stopped following me”
15:11	zml2			has not performed my commandments	0	“has not obeyed what I commanded him to do.” Saul was to completely destroy everything and everyone. God had placed a ban on the Amalekites. But Saul permitted some livestock to live.
15:11	uwz4			Samuel was angry	0	This could mean: (1) Samuel was angry with Saul for his disobedience or (2) Samuel was disturbed.
15:12	g77w			Samuel was told	0	Alternate translation: “Someone told Samuel”
15:12	hh8y			he set up a monument to himself	0	Saul was full of pride.
15:12	fp2t			down to Gilgal	0	Gilgal was lower in elevation than Carmel.
15:13	wpf4			I have fulfilled the command of Yahweh	0	It is not clear if Saul understood that he had not fully obeyed God’s command to completely destroy the Amalekites.
15:14	g3x7				0	# General Information:\n\nSamuel questions why Saul did not utterly destroyed the Amalekites.
15:14	kf8w			bleating of sheep … lowing of the oxen	0	These are the sounds that these animals make. Your language may have different terms for these.
15:14	cme2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	in my ears … that I hear	0	These two phrases mean the same thing. Here “in my ears” refers to hearing. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:15	ks4s			They have brought … the people spared	0	The word “they” and the phrase “the people” here both represent Saul’s army. Saul is blaming the people rather than himself.
15:15	vin9			to sacrifice to Yahweh your God	0	Saul is arguing that animals for sacrifice were an exception to Yahweh’s command to destroy everything.
15:15	a6ie			Yahweh your God	0	Saul here does not describe Samuel’s God as his own God.
15:17	a18m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in your own sight	0	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your own opinion” or “in your judgment”
15:17	a7ji		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	were you not made the head of the tribes of Israel?	0	Samuel uses this question to remind Saul of now much God had given him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made you the ruler of the tribes of Israel!”
15:19	yu1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why did you not obey … Yahweh?	0	Samuel asks this question to rebuke Saul for disobeying Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have obeyed … Yahweh!”
15:19	w3n7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the voice of Yahweh	0	Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “the things that Yahweh commanded”
15:19	x74v			but instead you seized the booty	0	Samuel is accusing Saul of direct disobedience. Yahweh commanded Saul to completely destroy everything belonging to the Amalekites, and not to bring anything back to camp.
15:19	b9eg			the booty	0	Alternate translation: “the plunder” or “the possessions you took from the enemy”
15:19	qxl6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	0	Here “sight” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh considers to be evil” or “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgement”
15:20	k3f4			I have indeed obeyed the voice of Yahweh	0	This is an emphatic statement. It is unclear if Saul thought this was true, or if he was simply making excuses for his sin.
15:20	j3h2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the voice of Yahweh	0	Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “the things that Yahweh commanded”
15:20	w1jd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Agag	0	This is the name of the king of the Amalekites.
15:21	v64h			But the people took	0	This appears to be shifting the blame to the people.
15:21	kvf4			things devoted to destruction	0	Alternate translation: “animals that Yahweh commanded them to destroy”
15:21	li5g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gilgal	0	This is the name of a place.
15:22	dp67		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Has Yahweh as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of Yahweh?	0	Samuel asks this question to emphasize that obedience is much more important than sacrifice. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying his voice!”
15:22	f8kc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the voice of Yahweh	0	Here “voice” refers to the commands that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: “the things that Yahweh commanded”
15:22	wen9			Obedience is better than sacrifice	0	God wanted Saul’s complete obedience in the destruction of the Amalekites. Nothing in the land was fit for sacrifice.
15:22	u1dg			better than the fat of rams	0	Alternate translation: “better than to sacrifice the fat of rams as a burnt offering”
15:23	m9ce		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	rebellion is like the sin of divination	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebellion**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “to rebel is as sinful as practicing divination”
15:23	xz9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	stubbornness is like wickedness and iniquity	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **stubbornness**, you can express the same idea with a verb. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “being stubborn is as bad as doing wicked things and practicing iniquity”
15:23	cx9p			the word of Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s message” or “Yahweh’s command”
15:23	n8ey			rejected you from being king	0	Alternate translation: “decided that you will no longer be king”
15:24	g1fl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I have broken Yahweh’s commandment	0	This is an idiom that means he had disobeyed the commandment. Alternate translation: “I have disobeyed what Yahweh commanded”
15:24	t7ez			because I was afraid of the people	0	This is the reason Saul gives for not obeying God. Alternate translation: “because I was afraid of the soldiers”
15:24	f7vn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	obeyed their voice	0	Here “voice” refers to what the soldiers asked Saul to do. Alternate translation: “did what they asked”
15:25	bb4i			return with me	0	Saul and Samuel were apparently talking in private away from the other people.
15:26	qdh9			for you have rejected the word of Yahweh	0	Samuel made it clear that Saul understood that he was disobeying God at the time when he spared the best animals and did not kill Agag.
15:26	h622		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	rejected the word of Yahweh	0	“rejected Yahweh’s command” or “rejected Yahweh’s message.” This means that he refused to obey Yahweh’s command. Alternate translation: “refused to obey Yahweh’s command”
15:27	jy4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Saul took hold of the hem of his robe	0	Saul did this to try to stop Samuel from leaving. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Saul tried to stop him by grabbing the edge of Samuel’s robe”
15:27	p8lr			the hem of his robe	0	Alternate translation: “the edge of his robe” or “the fringe of his robe”
15:28	m2mh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel	0	This refers back to when Saul tore Samuel’s robe in [1 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Just as you tore my robe, Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel”
15:28	h7h8			has given it to a neighbor of yours, one who is better than you	0	God had already decided who would be the next king after Saul.
15:29	el2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the Strength of Israel	0	Here Yahweh is referred to as “the Strength of Israel” because he gives strength to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is the strength of Israel” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:29	f3ca		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	will not lie nor change his mind	0	This is stated as a negative to emphasize that God tells the truth. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will always tell the truth and do what he says”
15:29	lt8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his mind	0	This refers to his thoughts and decisions. Alternate translation: “what he has decided to do”
15:29	cud6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	he is not a man, that he should change his mind	0	This is stated as a negative to emphasize that God is trustworthy. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “he is God, and will do what he says he will do”
15:30	x7z1			But please honor me now before the elders	0	Saul may have been more interested in being honored by the people than in actually worshipping God.
15:30	ruq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	before the elders of my people and before Israel	0	Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “before the people of Israel and the elders who lead them”
15:30	au2s			Turn again with me	0	Alternate translation: “Come back with me” or “Return with me”
15:31	evb6			So Samuel turned again after Saul	0	This implies that Samuel changed his mind, and that they went together to where the people were. Alternate translation: “So Samuel finally agreed to do that, and they went together back to where the people were”
15:32	n2tg			Agag came to him confined with chains and said	0	Alternate translation: “They brought Agag to him bound by chains and Agag said”
15:32	u9hs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Surely the bitterness of death has past	0	This idiom appears to mean that Agag no longer thought he would be killed. Alternate translation: “Surely I am no longer in danger or dying”
15:33	dqu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	As your sword has made women childless, so shall your mother be childless among women	0	Both of these phrases have similar meaning and may be intended to be in poetic form. Alternate translation: “Since you have killed people, you will also be killed”
15:33	z9kf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	made women childless, so shall your mother be childless	0	This is a polite way of referring to killing people. Alternate translation: “killed the sons of other women, so shall I kill your mother’s son”
15:33	lwq9			Then Samuel chopped Agag to pieces	0	Samuel is the one who completed this task that Yahweh commanded Saul to do. Alternate translation: “Then Samuel cut Agag into pieces with his sword”
15:34	p6j7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ramah … Gibeah	0	These are the names of places.
15:34	wed2			went up to his house at Gibeah	0	Gibeah was higher in elevation than Gilgal where Saul and Samuel had been talking.
15:35	hha6			Samuel did not see Saul until the day of his death	0	Alternate translation: “Samuel did not see Saul again for as long as he lived”
16:intro	abcg				0	# 1 Samuel 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n### 1 Samuel 16–31 Saul and David\nChapter 16 establishes God’s choice of David to be the next king. David receives the Holy Spirit to empower and guide him as the king. This chapter also records the Holy Spirit leaving Saul because of his disobedience. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David chosen to be the next king\n\nHumans judge others by what they look like, but God judges people by their true inner character. God rejected David’s older brothers in favor of David, who truly loved and obeyed him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical Question\n\nGod scolds Samuel with this rhetorical question for his unwillingness to accept God’s decision: “How long will you mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him from being king over Israel?” It was wrong to mourn because it was God’s punishment of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16:1	ib7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How long will you mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him from being king over Israel?	0	This rhetorical question is a rebuke from God and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Stop mourning that I rejected Saul from being king over Israel.”
16:1	aav1			Fill your horn with oil	0	The term “horn” was sometimes used to refer to a “flask” that was shaped like a horn and was used for holding water or oil. A flask of oil was used for anointing a king.
16:2	msu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How can I go?	0	Samuel uses a question to emphasize that he is worried about going to Bethlehem. Alternate translation: “I cannot go!” or “I am afraid to go.”
16:2	a4gl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	with you and say	0	You can state the understood information. Alternate translation: “with you to Bethlehem and say to the people there”
16:2	t5yc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	say, ‘I have come to sacrifice to Yahweh.’	0	This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “say to the people there that you have come to sacrifice to Yahweh.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
16:4	ead8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The elders of the city were trembling as they came to meet him	0	It seems the elders were trembling because they were worried that Samuel came to rebuke them.
16:5	tt5t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	In peace	0	This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Yes, I have come in peace”
16:5	a67l			to set … apart	0	To set someone apart means to get that person ready for Yahweh’s purposes by making sure that person is ritually clean according to the law of Moses.
16:6	jj6a			When they came	0	Here “they” refers to Jesse and his sons.
16:6	tns5			he looked at Eliab	0	Here “he” refers to Samuel.
16:6	ug8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Eliab	0	This is the name of Jesse’s oldest son.
16:6	lj9m			standing before him	0	Here “him” refers to Yahweh.
16:7	hbc3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh does not see as man sees	0	Here “see” means to evaluate something.
16:7	v16l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	For Yahweh does not see … Yahweh looks	0	Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “For I, Yahweh, do not see … I, Yahweh, look”
16:7	s3tv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	on the heart	0	Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being.
16:8	k8wq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abinadab	0	This is the name of one of Jesse’s sons.
16:8	qht8			made him pass before Samuel	0	Alternate translation: “told him to go to Samuel”
16:9	ex3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Jesse then made Shammah pass by	0	It is understood that Shammah passed by Samuel. Alternate translation: “Jesse then made Shammah pass before Samuel” or “Jesse then told Shammah to go to Samuel”
16:9	xzq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shammah	0	This is the name of one of Jesse’s sons.
16:11	j3g3			There remains yet the youngest	0	Alternate translation: “There is still my youngest son”
16:11	r1tl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	we will not sit down	0	It is understood that they were waiting to sit down and eat. Alternate translation: “we will not sit down to eat”
16:12	ie4h			Now … appearance	0	The word “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells about a new person in the story.
16:12	ev69			this son was ruddy	0	The word “ruddy” means David was healthy looking.
16:13	gsz8			the horn of oil	0	The term “horn” was sometimes used to refer to a “flask” that was shaped like a horn and was used for holding water or oil. A flask of oil was used for anointing a king. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 16:1](../16/01.md).
16:13	r2qg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Samuel rose up and went	0	It is implied that he rose up after they sat down to eat.
16:13	e73i			The Spirit of Yahweh rushed on David	0	The phrase “rushed on” means Yahweh’s Spirit influenced David. In this case it means he enabled David to fulfill whatever Yahweh wanted him to do. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/06.md).
16:14	a48s			Now	0	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
16:14	thd3			harmful spirit	0	This may refer to either a “spirit that causes trouble” or an “evil spirit.”
16:16	y7wp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Let our master now command	0	The servants refer to Saul in the third person as “our master.” Alternate translation: “We ask that you, our master, command”
16:16	qwf8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	command your servants who are before you to look	0	The servants refer to themselves in the third person as “your servants.” Alternate translation: “command us, your servants who attend to you, to look”
16:16	u14z			is on you	0	Alternate translation: “troubles you”
16:18	jui1			a strong, courageous man	0	This could mean: (1) “a great warrior” or (2) “a very brave man.”
16:18	bp1w			one prudent in speech	0	Alternate translation: “one wise in speech” or “one who speaks wisely”
16:18	l27k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh is with him	0	Here “with him” means Yahweh helps and blesses David.
16:21	g496		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	David came to Saul	0	Here “came” can be translated as “went.”
16:21	i2aj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	entered his service	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **service**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “began to serve him”
16:21	pq6t			he became his armor bearer	0	Alternate translation: “David became Saul’s armor bearer”
16:22	mk1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Let David stand before me	0	Here “stand before me” is an idiom that means to continue in Saul’s service. Alternate translation: “Let David stay in my service”
16:22	b5l4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he has found favor in my eyes	0	Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and “my sight” represents how Saul judges or evaluates David. Alternate translation: “he has found favor in my judgment” or “I am pleased with him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:23	c6ip			harmful spirit	0	Here “harmful spirit” may refer to either a “spirit that causes trouble” or an “evil spirit.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:14](../16/14.md).
16:23	hnb5			was upon Saul	0	Alternate translation: “troubled Saul”
16:23	pxe5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Saul would be refreshed and well	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the music would refresh Saul and make him well”
17:intro	abch				0	# 1 Samuel 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter introduced David as a soldier, a skill that will be important for the rest of his life.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David kills Goliath\n\nTrust in God is more powerful than physical might or military training and equipment. David, trusting in the Lord and armed only with a sling, defeats Goliath who is well-armed and physically strong but who did not believe in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])\n\n### Uncircumcised\n\nThe people of Israel often used the term “uncircumcised” to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to describe the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nDavid uses rhetorical questions to state his desire to fight the giant: “What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and takes away the disgrace from Israel? Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\nHis brother uses rhetorical questions to show his disdain for his younger brother, whom he thinks is pretending to be bigger than he really is: “Why did you come down here? With whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness?” David defends himself with some questions: “What have I done now? Was it not just a question?”\n\nGoliath also uses a rhetorical question to show his contempt for young David: “Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?”
17:2	z3hp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Valley of Elah	0	This is the name of a place.
17:4	q4bx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	six cubits and a span	0	A cubit is a unit of measurement equal to about 46 centimeters. A span is a unit of measurement equal to about 23 centimeters. Alternate translation: “about 3 meters”
17:5	n5rl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he was armed with a coat of chainmail	0	A “coat of chainmail” is a flexible piece of body armor covered with protective scales or small plates. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he protected himself by wearing a coat of chainmail” or “he wore a coat of chainmail”
17:5	c1ze		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	five thousand shekels	0	A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “about 55 kilograms”
17:6	g2bi			a javelin of bronze	0	A “javelin” is a small spear that is meant to be thrown.
17:7	mlr9			staff of his spear	0	Alternate translation: “the handle of his spear”
17:7	ddd9			loop of cord	0	Alternate translation: “rope rolled up into a circle”
17:7	yeq5			His spear’s head	0	Alternate translation: “The point of his spear”
17:7	ww8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	six hundred shekels of iron	0	A shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. Alternate translation: “about 7 kilograms”
17:8	xz35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you come out to draw up for battle?	0	“Why have you come to fight in battle against us?” Goliath uses this question to mock the Israelites. Alternate translation: “You are fools if you think you can fight in battle against us!”
17:8	sj9b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Am not I a Philistine, and are you not servants of Saul?	0	Goliath uses this question to mock the Israelites. When he says that he is a Philistine, he is implying that he is strong. Alternate translation: “I am a great Philistine, and you are merely servants of Saul.”
17:10	na9z			I challenge the ranks of Israel	0	Alternate translation: “I challenge the army of Israel”
17:11	p19l			all Israel	0	This refers to the Israelite soldiers who were there.
17:11	su45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	they were discouraged and greatly afraid	0	The words “discouraged” and “greatly afraid” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear.
17:12	pz4w			He had eight sons	0	“He” refers to Jesse.
17:12	apl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Jesse was an old man … very old among men	0	The two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis.
17:13	a3gr			second to him Abinadab, and the third Shammah	0	“Abinadab the second born, and Shammah the third born.” This phrase shows birth order.
17:14	kp25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The three oldest	0	The implied information is that these are the sons of Jesse. Alternate translation: “The three oldest sons of Jesse”
17:16	wi92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	For forty days	0	“For 40 days”
17:16	vf87			to present himself for battle	0	Alternate translation: “to show that he was ready to fight”
17:17	t66s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume	ephah	0	An ephah is a unit of measurement equal to about 22 liters.
17:18	n9tr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	the captain of their thousand	0	“the captain of your brothers’ thousand.” This could mean: (1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that this captain led. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ unit of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “the captain of your brothers’ military division”
17:18	ms2j			See how your brothers are doing	0	Alternate translation: “Check and find out how your brothers are doing”
17:19	i8wt			all the men of Israel	0	Alternate translation: “all the soldiers of Israel”
17:19	fa7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Valley of Elah	0	This is the name of a place. See how you translated it in [1 Samuel 17:2](../17/02.md).
17:23	xd5y			Goliath by name	0	Alternate translation: “whose name was Goliath”
17:23	e3lh			came out of the ranks of the Philistines	0	Alternate translation: “stepped forward from the Philistines’ battle line”
17:25	nx3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have you seen this man who has come up?	0	The soldiers were saying this to draw one another’s attention to the man Goliath. Alternate translation: “Look at this man who has come up!”
17:25	i1j1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The king	0	This refers to the king of Israel. Alternate translation: “Our king”
17:25	h9r9			his daughter	0	This refers to the king’s daughter.
17:25	nt1f			to him … his father’s house	0	The words “him” and “his” refer to the man who kills Goliath.
17:25	d62y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	will make his father’s house free from taxation in Israel	0	The word “house” refers to the household or family. Alternate translation: “will no longer require his family to pay taxes”
17:26	ys91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	takes away the disgrace from Israel	0	This can be expressed with the verb “disgrace.” Alternate translation: “stops Israel from being disgraced” or “stops him from disgracing Israel”
17:26	vrc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God?	0	David said this to show his anger that this Philistine was defying God’s army. Alternate translation: “This uncircumcised Philistine certainly has no power that he should defy the armies of the living God!”
17:26	uay2			this uncircumcised Philistine	0	This phrase is an insult and indicates that Goliath does not belong to the living God.
17:28	tmc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Eliab’s anger was kindled against David	0	Here anger is spoken of as if it were a fire that could be kindled. Alternate translation: “Eliab became angry with David”
17:28	f8iy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why did you come down here?	0	Eliab uses this question to show that he is angry that David came down. He was probably implying that David did not have a good reason for coming. Alternate translation: “You had no good reason to come here”
17:28	k8hg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	With whom have you left those few sheep in the wilderness?	0	Eliab uses this question to insult David by making his work seem unimportant and by accusing him of not taking care of his father’s sheep. Alternate translation: “You simply had the responsibility of watching over a few sheep in the wilderness. You could not even carry out that simple responsibility!”
17:28	aj1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	your pride, and the mischief in your heart	0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis.
17:29	m8dz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have I done now? Was it not just a question?	0	David used these questions to express his frustration and to justify himself. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong. I was only asking a question!”
17:30	yyw8			He turned away from him	0	“He” refers to David and the word “him” refers to Eliab.
17:31	q448		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	When the words that David said were heard	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When the soldiers heard what David said”
17:32	h5di		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Let no man’s heart fail	0	The heart failing represents being terrified and losing confidence. Alternate translation: “Do not let anyone be terrified” or “Do not let anyone lose their confidence”
17:32	h1gz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	your servant will go	0	David spoke of himself as “your servant” to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “I, your servant, will go”
17:34	ing5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Your servant used to keep his father’s sheep	0	David spoke of himself as “your servant” to show respect to Saul. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 17:32](../17/32.md). Alternate translation: “I, your servant, used to keep my father’s sheep”
17:34	vkk8			used to keep his father’s sheep	0	Alternate translation: “used to take care of his father’s sheep”
17:34	nm8r			a bear	0	A bear is a large animal with thick fur and long claws and that walks on four legs but can stand on two legs as a person does.
17:35	n7yn			chased after him and attacked him	0	Here “him” refers to the lion or bear. Some languages would use the word “it” instead of “him.”
17:35	nu94			rescued it out of his mouth	0	Here “it” refers to the lamb.
17:35	tq7y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he rose up against me	0	Here “rose up against” is an idiom that refers to attacking. Alternate translation: “it attacked me”
17:35	n1vn			caught him by his beard	0	The “beard” refers to the lion’s mane or the hair on the bear’s face.
17:36	r5kx			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nDavid continues speaking to King Saul.
17:36	q3g3			This uncircumcised Philistine	0	This phrase is an insult and indicates that Goliath does not belong to the living God. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 17:26](../17/26.md).
17:36	dhp4			will be like one of them	0	David is saying that he will be able to kill the Philistine just as he was able to kill the lion and bear.
17:37	hb63		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear	0	Bears and lions use their paws when they attack, so the word “paw” represents the attack. Alternate translation: “from the attack of the lion and from the attack of the bear” or “from the lion and the bear”
17:37	p2u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of this Philistine	0	The Philistine’s hand represents his power in fighting. Alternate translation: “the power of this Philistine” or “the Philistine”
17:38	zp21			coat of chainmail	0	a flexible piece of body armor covered with protective scales or small plates
17:39	vaf6			his sword on his armor	0	Alternate translation: “Saul’s sword on the armor”
17:40	lb74			his staff in his hand	0	Here “his” refers to David.
17:40	hp45			His sling was in his hand	0	A sling is a weapon for throwing stones.
17:41	n9t4			with his shield bearer in front of him	0	Alternate translation: “and his shield bearer walked in front of him”
17:42	u9pv			he despised him	0	Alternate translation: “he hated him”
17:42	mb55			and ruddy	0	Alternate translation: “and healthy looking”
17:43	tz3r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?	0	Here a dog represents a small animal that a person can easily kill. The word “sticks” refers to David’s staff and shows Goliath’s opinion that it is not a good weapon. Goliath uses this question to accuse David of insulting him. Alternate translation: “You insult me by coming at me with mere sticks as if I were just a dog!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
17:44	cc8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will give your flesh to the birds of the heavens and to the beasts of the field	0	Goliath speaks of killing David and leaving his body on the ground for the animals to eat it as if he were to give David’s body to the animals. Alternate translation: “I will kill you, and the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field will eat your body”
17:44	gkd1			birds of the heavens	0	Alternate translation: “birds of the sky” or “birds”
17:44	np2h			beasts of the field	0	Alternate translation: “wild animals”
17:45	aq63		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in the name of Yahweh	0	Here “name” represents God’s power or authority. Alternate translation: “with the power of Yahweh” or “with the authority of Yahweh”
17:45	pku5			whom you have defied	0	Alternate translation: “whom you have provoked” or “whom you have insulted”
17:46	a7g6			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nDavid continues speaking to Goliath.
17:46	mcz7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will give the dead bodies … to the birds … and to the wild beasts of the earth	0	David speaks of leading the Israelites in killing the Philistines and leaving their bodies on the ground for the animals to eat them as if he were to give their bodies to the animals. Alternate translation: “We Israelites will kill the Philistine army, and the birds of the heavens and the wild beasts of the earth will eat them”
17:46	h6s8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all the earth may know	0	The word “earth” refers to the people on earth. Alternate translation: “all the people of the earth may know”
17:47	mfy6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh does not give victory with sword or spear	0	Swords and spears are examples of battle weapons. They represent human ways of fighting. Alternate translation: “The victory that Yahweh gives does not depend on sword and spear” or “when Yahweh gives us victory, he does not depend on how we fight”
17:47	duh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the battle is Yahweh’s	0	Winning the battle is spoken of as owning the battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh always wins the battle” or “the victory belongs to Yahweh”
17:47	n39p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he will give you into our hand	0	Giving the Philistines into Israel’s hand represents helping Israel to defeat the Philistines in battle. Alternate translation: “he will help us defeat you”
17:50	kd4h			David defeated … He hit … killed … There was no sword in David’s hand	0	Verse 50 is a summary of David’s amazing victory over Goliath. The details about how he hit and killed Goliath are in [1 Samuel 17:49](../17/49.md) and 17:51. Some languages do not use summary statements like this. In those situations, translators may restructure the verses as they are in the UST.
17:51	ifn9			Then David ran and stood over the Philistine	0	David did this after Goliath fell to the ground in [1 Samuel 17:49](../17/49.md).
17:51	k64x			took his sword	0	“took the Philistine’s sword.” Here the word “his” refers to Goliath.
17:52	c1ad		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The dead Philistines lay along the way to Shaaraim	0	It can be stated clearly that the Israelites were killing the Philistines as they chased them. Alternate translation: “And they killed the Philistines as they chased them, and the bodies of the dead Philistines were on the ground along the way to Shaaraim”
17:53	sb83			they plundered their camp	0	Alternate translation: “the Israelites plundered the Philistines’ camp”
17:54	gxy4			he put his armor in his tent	0	Alternate translation: “he put Goliath’s armor in his own tent”
17:55	wk2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	When Saul saw David	0	The conversation in 17:55–56 happened before David killed Goliath. Alternate translation: “When Saul had seen David” or “Earlier when Saul saw David”
17:55	y16z			go out against the Philistine	0	Alternate translation: “go to fight against the Philistine”
17:55	ynx5			whose son is this youth	0	Alternate translation: “who is this youth’s father”
17:55	y7mj			As you live	0	This was a way of swearing that what he was about to say was true.
17:56	nt66			whose son the boy is	0	Alternate translation: “who the boy’s father is”
17:57	xp4u			in his hand	0	Here “his” refers to David.
17:58	k63k			Whose son are you	0	Alternate translation: “Who is your father”
17:58	k634			I am the son of your servant Jesse the Bethlehemite	0	Alternate translation: “My father is your servant Jesse, the Bethlehemite”
17:58	g6vb			your servant Jesse	0	David referred to his father as “your servant” to show that his father was faithful to King Saul.
18:intro	abci				0	# 1 Samuel 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis is the first chapter of a section explaining why Saul wants to kill David.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 18:7.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Saul is jealous of David’s popularity\nSaul’s son, Jonathan, loves David. David is successful in battling the Philistines, and Saul is happy until the women give David more attention than they give him. He fears that David will replace him as king. This is potentially confusing because the author has already established that David will be the next king. It is probably that Saul feared David would kill him in order to be the next king sooner, or that he did not really believe David would be the next king. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])\n\n### Jonathan’s love of David\nSome scholars believe Jonathan loved David as a man loves his wife. There is no reason to translate this as if Jonathan were a homosexual. Instead, treat this as a brotherly type of love.
18:1	w8c4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David	0	Very close friendship is spoken of as if it were binding together the souls of two people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jonathan felt a strong affection towards David” or “Jonathan committed himself to David” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:1	k383		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Jonathan loved him as his own soul	0	Here “loved” refers to the love between friends, not romantic love. The word “soul” represents the person or the person’s life. Alternate translation: “Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself” or “Jonathan loved David as he loved his own life”
18:3	l8pd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Jonathan loved him as his own soul	0	Here “loved” refers to the love between friends, not romantic love. The word “soul” represents the person or the person’s life. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 18:1](../18/01.md). Alternate translation: “Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself” or “Jonathan loved David as he loved his own life”
18:5	vcr9			he succeeded	0	Alternate translation: “he prospered”
18:5	w4mv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This was pleasing in the eyes of all the people and also in the sight of Saul’s servants	0	The phrases “in the eyes of” and “in the sight of” mean the same thing. The opinion of the people is spoken of as something that they view as either good or bad. Alternate translation: “This was pleasing in the opinions of all the people and of Saul’s servants” or “This pleased all the people and Saul’s servants”
18:6	v9fv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	from all the cities of Israel	0	This is generalization that emphasizes the great number of women who came from many cities. Alternate translation: “from many of the cities throughout Israel”
18:6	k1rh			with tambourines, with joy, and with musical instruments	0	Alternate translation: “joyfully playing tambourines and other musical instruments”
18:6	qct5			with tambourines	0	A “tambourine” is a small handheld drum.
18:7	ii5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	David his ten thousands	0	The verb may be supplied from the previous line. Alternate translation: “David has killed his ten thousands”
18:8	lp8i			They have ascribed	0	Alternate translation: “They have credited”
18:8	xi13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What more can he have but the monarchy?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The only thing left for him to have is the kingship.”
18:10	iyh1			a harmful spirit from God	0	Here “harmful spirit” may refer to either “a spirit that causes trouble” or “an evil spirit.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:15](../16/15.md).
18:10	c8qe			a harmful spirit from God rushed upon Saul	0	The phrase “rushed upon” means the harmful spirit influenced Saul. In this case it means it caused Saul to be troubled and act crazy. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 10:6](../10/06.md).
18:10	me9n			he raved	0	Alternate translation: “he acted crazy”
18:12	d2h6			Yahweh was with him	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh was with David”
18:13	a354			So Saul removed him from his presence	0	Alternate translation: “So Saul removed David from his presence”
18:13	uwr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	a commander of a thousand	0	This could mean: (1) the word “thousand” represents the exact amount of soldiers that he would lead. Alternate translation: “a commander of 1,000 soldiers” or (2) the word translated as “thousand” does not represent exact number, but is the name of a large military division. Alternate translation: “a commander of a large military division” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md).
18:13	zlq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	David went out and came in before the people	0	Here “the people” refers to the soldiers under David’s command. The phrases “went out” and “came in” are idioms that refer to leading the people into battle and leading them home from battle. Alternate translation: “David led his soldiers into battle and led them home from battle” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:15	cml9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he stood in awe of him	0	Here “stood in awe” is an idiom that means to fear. Alternate translation: “he feared David”
18:16	bgb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all Israel and Judah loved David	0	Here “Israel and Judah” represent the people of all of the tribes. Alternate translation: “all the people in Israel and Judah loved David”
18:16	c9ce		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	went out and came in before them	0	The phrases “went out” and “came in” are idioms that refer to leading the people into battle and leading them home from battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 18:13](../18/13.md). Alternate translation: “led his soldiers into battle and led them home from battle”
18:17	ptz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Let not my hand be on him, but let the hand of the Philistines be on him	0	Harming someone is spoken of as if it were placing one’s hand on that person. Here, Saul is referring to killing David. Alternate translation: “I will not be the one to kill him; I will let the Philistines kill him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
18:18	ij43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who am I, and who are my relatives, or my father’s clan in Israel … to the king?	0	David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he is not worthy of being Saul’s son-in-law. Alternate translation: “I am nobody and neither my relatives nor my father’s family are important enough in Israel … to the king.”
18:18	hga5			son-in-law to the king	0	Alternate translation: “husband of the king’s daughter”
18:19	imc2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	when Merab, Saul’s daughter, should have been given to David	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when Saul should have given his daughter Merab to David”
18:19	vdc5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	she was given to Adriel	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Saul gave her to Adriel”
18:20	hv3f			Michal … loved David	0	Here “loved” means she had romantic feelings for David.
18:20	vz4x			They told Saul	0	Here “they” refers to people who found out about Michal’s feelings, not to David and Michal.
18:21	dd2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	that the hand of the Philistines may be against him	0	Harming someone is spoken of as if it were placing one’s hand on that person. Here, Saul is referring to killing David. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 18:17](../18/17.md). Alternate translation: “so that the Philistines may kill him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
18:21	q35l			You will be my son-in-law	0	Alternate translation: “You will be the husband of my daughter”
18:22	q87c			all his servants love you	0	Alternate translation: “all of his servants admire you”
18:22	vvh8			Now then	0	Alternate translation: “For these reasons you should”
18:23	eps5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is it a small matter to you to be the king’s son-in-law, since I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed?	0	David asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he is not worthy to be the king’s son-in-law. Alternate translation: “It is a great matter to be the king’s son-in-law, and I am too poor and unimportant for that.”
18:25	a18a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The king does not desire any price for the bride except a hundred foreskins	0	The verb for the second phrase may be supplied from the first. Alternate translation: “The king does not desire any price for the bride; he desires only that you bring to him 100 foreskins” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
18:25	x1iw			foreskins	0	The foreskin is a fold of skin on a man’s private part that is removed during circumcision.
18:25	wjv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	to be avenged from the king’s enemies	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to get revenge on the king’s enemies”
18:25	a2us		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines	0	Here “fall” means to die. The phrase “by the hand” is an idiom that tells us the means by which something will happen, in this case, David will be killed by the Philistines. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to have the Philistines kill David” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:27	f14u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	two hundred Philistines	0	This can be rendered numerically. Alternate translation: “200 Philistines”
18:27	pz31			they gave them in full number to the king	0	Alternate translation: “David and his men gave all of them to the king”
18:28	rjc2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Saul saw, and he knew	0	Here the words “saw” and “knew” share similar meanings and emphasize that Saul knew with certainty. Alternate translation: “Saul recognized”
18:28	ct4a			Michal, Saul’s daughter, loved him	0	Here “loved” means she had romantic feelings for David.
18:30	z7de		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	so that his name was highly regarded	0	Here “name” is a metonym for David. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that people greatly respected David” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:intro	abcj				0	# 1 Samuel 19 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God protects David\n\nJonathan persuades Saul not to kill David, but Saul again becomes jealous and orders his servants to bring David to him to be killed. God uses Michal to save David. David flees to Samuel and they begin prophesying. When Saul sends servants to capture David, they begin prophesying. This causes Saul to go himself and he begins to prophesy. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
19:1	zd9j			to all his servants	0	Here “his” refers to Saul.
19:1	u5h5			took great pleasure in David	0	Jonathan greatly enjoyed being with David.
19:4	rf2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	Do not let the king sin against his servant	0	Jonathan speaks as if Saul is another person to show Saul that Jonathan respects Saul. Alternate translation: “Do not sin against your servant”
19:5	z29d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he took his life in his hand	0	Here “life in his hand” is an idiom that refers to risking his life. Alternate translation: “he risked his life”
19:5	q7ya		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why would you sin against innocent blood by killing David for no reason?	0	Jonathan asks this question to rebuke Saul. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not sin against innocent blood and kill David without cause.”
19:5	ep2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	sin against innocent blood	0	Here “blood” is a metonym for the life of an innocent person. Alternate translation: “commit the sin of murder”
19:6	mg7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he will not be put to death	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will not put him to death” or “I will not kill him” or “I will certainly keep him alive”
19:7	zv18			he was in his presence	0	David was in Saul’s presence.
19:9	bfj9			A harmful spirit from Yahweh	0	Here “harmful spirit” may refer to either “a spirit that causes trouble” or “an evil spirit.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 16:14](../16/14.md).
19:10	gmw1			pin David to the wall with the spear	0	throw his spear so it would go through David and into the wall
19:11	di9d			he might kill him	0	Alternate translation: “Saul might kill David”
19:11	gt2f			Michal … told him	0	Michal told David
19:11	zcu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	If you do not save your life	0	Here “save your life” is an idiom that refers to escape. Alternate translation: “If you do not escape”
19:11	www7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	you will be killed	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “someone will kill you”
19:12	rx5e				0	# General Information:\n\nMichal helps David escape King Saul. She uses a household idol to make David’s bed look like he is sleeping in it.
19:13	pt3r			she put a pillow of goats’ hair at its head, and covered it with the clothes	0	This could mean: (1) the head of the idol was lying on the goat’s hair pillow and Michal dressed the idol in David’s clothes or (2) Michal used David’s clothes as a blanket to completely cover the idol and made the “pillow” of goat’s hair look like David’s hair sticking out from under the blanket of clothes.
19:14	bsi6				0	# General Information:\n\nSaul acts out his desire to kill David.
19:14	ar16			take David	0	Alternate translation: “take David back to Saul”
19:14	er9p			she said	0	Here “she” refers to Michal.
19:15	uu8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Bring him up to me in the bed	0	The reason why the men thought David was in bed can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If he really is too sick to come to me, bring me the bed with him in it”
19:16	gw7d			pillow of goats’ hair	0	See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 19:13](../19/13.md).
19:16	mmv5			behold	0	The word “behold” here shows that the messengers were surprised by what they saw.
19:17	gw6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped?	0	This could mean: (1) Saul really wants to know why Michal did what she did or (2) Saul uses this question to rebuke Michal. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have deceived me and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped.”
19:17	g47n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Let me go. Why should I kill you?	0	Although David did not actually say this, Michal tells Saul that David threatened her with this question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will kill you if you do not help me to escape.”
19:18	e48b				0	# General Information:\n\nDavid flees to Samuel.
19:18	hj2z			Now	0	This word is used here to show that the writer has started to tell a new part of the story.
19:19	v5b7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	It was told to Saul	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Saul”
19:19	tg6x			See	0	Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
19:20	a8aj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	standing as head over them	0	Here “head” refers to a position of authority. Alternate translation: “acting as their leader”
19:21	nrq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	When Saul was told this	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When someone told Saul this”
19:22	l3p8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ramah … Seku … Naioth	0	These are place names.
19:24	tj4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	This is why they ask, “Is Saul also among the prophets?”	0	This became a proverb among the Israelites. Apparently people said this to express surprise when a person unexpectedly did something that he had not done before. The implied meaning of the question can be stated explicitly. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 10:12](../10/12.md). Alternate translation: “That is the reason that when people see someone doing something that is very unexpected, they say, ‘Is Saul also a prophet?’” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:24	knd8			they ask	0	Here “they” refers to people in general. The question became a proverb among the people.
20:intro	abck				0	# 1 Samuel 20 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Jonathan warns David\n\nDavid tells Jonathan that Saul is still trying to kill him. Jonathan promises to find out if this is true. When David misses dinner two consecutive days, Saul asks about him. Jonathan says that David went home for an annual sacrifice. Saul gets angry at Jonathan, telling him he will never be king unless they kill David. Saul throws his spear at Jonathan. Jonathan warns David to run away, but first they both promise to always be friends. It was usually a king’s son who became king after his death in the ancient Near East. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nDavid uses a powerful metaphor and an oath to impress Jonathan with the danger he is in: “But as truly as Yahweh lives, and as you live, there is but a step between me and death.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:1	tia6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	What have I done? What is my iniquity? What is my sin before your father, that he seeks to take my life?	0	These three questions mean basically the same thing. David uses them to emphasize that he has done nothing wrong to Saul. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong. I have not committed any iniquity. I have not sinned against your father. He has no reason to take my life.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
20:1	g2ib		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	that he seeks to take my life?	0	Here “take my life” is an idiom for “kill me.”
20:2	e1je		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Far from it	0	Here “far from it” is an idiom that refers to that it is not true. Alternate translation: “This is certainly not true”
20:2	jbn3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	nothing either great or small	0	The words “great or small” include everything in between. Alternate translation: “nothing at all”
20:2	w2w8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should my father hide this thing from me?	0	Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that Saul would have told him if he planned to kill David. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My father has no reason to hide this thing from me!” or “If this thing were true, my father would certainly let me know!”
20:2	rpv2			It is not so	0	Alternate translation: “It is not true”
20:3	kn7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have found favor in your eyes	0	Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “I have pleased you” or “you consider me favorably”
20:3	t6cz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he will be grieved	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this will grieve him” or “he will be very sad”
20:3	thq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	there is but a step between me and death	0	Here “step between me and death” is an idiom that refers to being very close to death. Alternate translation: “I am very close to death”
20:4	npf4				0	# General Information:\n\nDavid proposes a test against King Saul to Jonathan.
20:5	pnc8			Tomorrow is the new moon	0	On the first of every month the people would celebrate and offer sacrifices to God.
20:5	unn4			until the third day at evening	0	Alternate translation: “until the evening of the day after tomorrow”
20:6	f9fa			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nDavid’s continues to describe the test he proposes.
20:6	a9bs			asked leave of me	0	Alternate translation: “asked me if I would allow him to leave”
20:7	t7n5			he says … he is … he has decided	0	The word “he” refers to Saul.
20:7	x3iw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	your servant will have peace	0	David speaks of himself as if he were another person to show that he respects Jonathan. Alternate translation: “I, your servant, will have peace”
20:8	v33p			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nDavid continues speaking to Jonathan.
20:8	avp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	with your servant … have brought your servant	0	David speak of himself in the third person as a form of humility. Alternate translation: “with me, your servant … have brought me, your servant” or “with me … have brought me”
20:8	ap89		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you have brought your servant into a covenant of Yahweh with you	0	What it was that the two men agreed on can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh heard you when you made a solemn agreement with me that you and I will always be good friends”
20:8	hbz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	for why then should you bring me to your father?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “then there would be no reason for you to bring me to your father”
20:9	ge5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Far be it from you!	0	This is an idiom that means it will never happen to you. Alternate translation: “This will never happen to you!”
20:9	lt9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	would I not tell you?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I would certainly tell you.”
20:12	vx7n			see	0	Alternate translation: “look” or “listen” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
20:12	ld4i			if there is good will	0	Alternate translation: “if my father wants to do good things for you”
20:12	y3r1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	will I not then send to you and make it known to you?	0	Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that he will tell David if Saul intends to harm him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “then I will certainly send to you and make it known to you”
20:13	yn8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	may Yahweh do to Jonathan and more also	0	This is an idiom. Jonathan uses this oath for emphasis and speaks of himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh do to me whatever harm my father intends to do to you, and even more than that” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
20:14	q3ac				0	# General Information:\n\nJonathan asks David not to completely kill all his offspring so that a remnant will remain.
20:14	az7y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	will you not show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die?	0	Jonathan asks this question to confirm that David will do this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “please show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh, that I may not die”
20:14	q324		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	show me the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh	0	The abstract noun **faithfulness** can be stated as **faithful**. Here, **of Yahweh** could mean: (1) “be faithful to me as Yahweh is faithful” or (2) “be faithful to me as Yahweh requires”
20:16	n5b7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house of David	0	The word “house” is a metonym for the people who live in the house. Alternate translation: “David’s family”
20:16	wvm6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of David	0	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. This could mean: (1) “May Yahweh use David’s enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise” or (2) “May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David.”
20:17	l3uj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he loved him as he loved his own soul	0	Here “his own soul” refers to himself. Alternate translation: “Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself”
20:18	f5bi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	You will be missed	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “My father will miss you”
20:19	ki6m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	when the business was in hand	0	Here “business was in hand” is an idiom that refers to when everything happened. Alternate translation: “when everything happened”
20:19	h78l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the stone Ezel	0	“Ezel” was the name of the stone. Alternate translation: “the stone that people call Ezel”
20:20	dvu1			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nJonathan continues to speak to David.
20:20	q6e9			to the side of it	0	Here the word “it” refers to the stone by which David was to hide.
20:21	z7dp			my young man … the young boy	0	These refer to the same person.
20:21	qr7r			Look	0	Alternate translation: “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
20:21	qbg1			then come	0	Alternate translation: “then you, David, come”
20:22	ch37			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nJonathan continues to speak to David.
20:23	r1jg			see, Yahweh	0	This could mean: (1) “we know that Yahweh” or (2) “pay attention because this is important: Yahweh.”
20:23	hmt6			Yahweh is between you and me	0	This could mean: (1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or (2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other”
20:25	upz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-manuscripts	Jonathan stood up	0	Some ancient copies have “Jonathan sat across from him.”
20:26	j8dr			He is not clean; surely he is not clean	0	According to the law of Moses, a person who is ceremonially unclean is not to participate in the feast until the priest declares that he is clean. Saul repeats this phrase as if he is trying to convince himself.
20:28	e5rh			asked permission from me to go	0	Alternate translation: “asked me to allow him to go”
20:29	h84j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	if I have found favor in your eyes	0	Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “I have pleased you” or “you consider me favorably”
20:29	j146		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	the king’s table	0	Jonathan speaks of Saul as if he is another person to show that he respects Saul. Alternate translation: “your table”
20:30	yn6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan	0	Here “anger burned” is a metonym that refers to becoming very angry. Alternate translation: “Saul became very angry with Jonathan”
20:30	vv24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	You son of a perverse, rebellious woman!	0	This is an idiom. Saul uses this phrase as a harsh rebuke to Jonathan and his concern for David. Alternate translation: “You stupid son of a prostitute” or “You stupid traitor”
20:30	yr6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse … mother’s nakedness?	0	Saul uses this question to emphasize that he knows that Jonathan and David are friends. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse … mother’s nakedness.”
20:30	g94g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to the shame of your mother’s nakedness	0	Here “mother’s nakedness” is an idiom that refers to the mother who gave birth to you. Alternate translation: “to the shame of your mother who gave birth to you”
20:31	zl6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	neither you nor your kingdom will be established	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will not become king and will not establish your kingdom”
20:32	ux46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For what reason should he be put to death? What has he done?	0	Jonathan is trying to get Saul to think carefully about what he is doing. This can be translated as a statement, and the words “should he be put to death” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “You have no good reason to put him to death. He has done nothing wrong.” or “You have no good reason to kill him. He has done nothing wrong.”
20:34	uth1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	the second day of the month	0	This “second” is an ordinal number which refers to two. Alternate translation: “the second day of the new moon festival”
20:34	brk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he was grieved over David	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he was grieving over David”
20:34	c5bw			had dishonored him	0	Here “him” refers to David.
20:35	nwk2			a young man was with him	0	Here “him” refers to Jonathan.
20:36	l8ci			he shot an arrow beyond him	0	Alternate translation: “Jonathan shot an arrow beyond the young man”
20:37	d85z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is not the arrow beyond you?	0	Jonathan uses this question to emphasize that the arrow is farther ahead of the young man. The uses of litotes also emphasizes this. The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should know that the arrow is beyond you.” or “The arrow is far beyond you.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
20:38	s42f			called after the young man, “Hurry	0	Alternate translation: “called out to the young man, who was running away from him, ‘Hurry”
20:41	b73c			the mound	0	It seems that David had hidden behind a pile of earth or stones.
20:41	pg9k			lay facedown on the ground, and bowed himself three times.	0	David bowed before Jonathan, who was still the King’s son, worthy of such respect. Also, this was the last time David met with Jonathan.
20:42	t28c			May Yahweh be between you and me	0	This could mean: (1) “Yahweh is a witness between you and me” or “Yahweh will be watching how we treat each other” or (2) “May Yahweh be a witness between you and me” or “May Yahweh watch how we treat each other.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:23](../20/23.md).
21:intro	abcl				0	# 1 Samuel 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 21:11.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David and the chief priest\n\nDavid visits the chief priest and lies to him about being on a special mission for the king. He asks for food, weapons, and prayer. The chief priest gives him some sacred bread and Goliath’s sword and prays for him.\n\n### David and the king of Gath\n\nDavid flees to Gath. The advisers to the king tell him that David is almost the king of Israel. David becomes afraid of the king and pretends to be insane.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThe king of Gath’s advisers use two rhetorical questions to warn him about how dangerous David could be: “Is not this David the king of the land? Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, ‘Saul has killed his thousands, and David his ten thousands?’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
21:1	sxr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nob	0	This is the name of a place.
21:1	lxn7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahimelech	0	This is a man’s name.
21:1	xz59			trembling	0	shaking in fear
21:2	lr5b			on a mission	0	Alternate translation: “to do work for him”
21:2	hbb3			I have directed the young men to a certain place	0	Alternate translation: “I have told the young men to go to another place, and I will meet them there later”
21:3	y8wx			Now then	0	David is starting a new part of the conversation.
21:3	q67h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	what do you have on hand?	0	Here “on hand” is a metonym meaning “available.” Alternate translation: “What food do you have that you can give me?”
21:3	r1wi			Give me five loaves of bread	0	This is a polite request.
21:4	v42j			ordinary bread	0	bread that the priests have not used in worship
21:4	a4hh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	if the young men have kept themselves from women	0	This can be translated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “Your men may eat it if they have not slept with women recently”
21:5	u5gt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	women have been kept from us	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “we have kept ourselves from women”
21:5	n9cf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three days	0	“3 days”
21:5	bl9z			when I set out	0	Alternate translation: “when I begin a journey”
21:5	xaa6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The things belonging to the men have been set apart	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The men have set what belongs to them apart”
21:5	hx9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	How much more today will what they have be set apart	0	This is a statement, not a question. It can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “It is especially true today that they will set apart what they have”
21:6	u4vn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the bread that was set apart	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the bread that the priests had set apart”
21:6	vbr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	which was removed from before Yahweh, in order to put	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “which the priests had removed from before Yahweh so that they could put”
21:7	tmz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	detained before Yahweh	0	This could mean: (1) Doeg had some religious work regarding Yahweh to do there. Alternate translation: “for some work before Yahweh” or (2) Yahweh detained Doeg there. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh had detained him there”
21:7	z642		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Doeg … herdsmen	0	You may need to say clearly that Doeg saw what David did. Alternate translation: “Doeg … herdsmen, and he saw what Ahimelech did”
21:7	zg8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Doeg the Edomite	0	This is the name of a man from the land of Edom.
21:7	ye4p			herdsmen	0	the keepers and protectors of a herd, especially of cattle or sheep
21:8	xr45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Now is there not here on hand any spear or sword?	0	Here “on hand” is a metonym meaning “available.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:3](../21/03.md). Alternate translation: “Do you have a spear or sword that you can give me?”
21:8	wb13			weapons	0	a general name for such things as swords, knives, bows and arrows, and spears
21:9	rpf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Valley of Elah	0	This is the name of a place in Israel.
21:11	zg9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Is not this David, the king of the land?	0	They were probably exaggerating when they said that David was king of the land. They used this question to imply that David was a powerful enemy and Achish should not let him stay there. Alternate translation: “You know that this is David, who is as dangerous as the king of the land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:11	sc99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did they not sing to one another about him in dances, ‘Saul … thousands?’	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that when the people of the land were dancing, they sang to each other about him, ‘Saul … thousands.’”
21:12	rqg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	David took these words to heart	0	Here “took … to heart” is a metonym to think seriously about what was said. Alternate translation: “David thought seriously about what the servants said”
21:13	ai6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	in their hands	0	Here “hands” are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “in their presence”
21:14	w6kd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you brought him to me?	0	This could mean: (1) Achish demands that his servants explain why they have brought David to him or (2) Achish is scolding them with a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You should have known not to bring him to me.”
21:15	kl34		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do I lack madmen, so that you have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence?	0	This rhetorical question is a rebuke. Alternate translation: “There are enough madmen here who waste my time. You should not have brought this fellow to behave like one in my presence.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:15	k152		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will this fellow really come into my house?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not allow this fellow to enter my house.”
22:intro	abcm				0	# 1 Samuel 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThere are two stories in this chapter: David gathering a group of followers and Saul having all the priests and their families killed. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David assembles a force of unhappy people\n\nDavid hides in the wilderness, and people in trouble come to him. Soon he has a force of 500 men. The prophet then tells him to leave the wilderness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])\n\n### Saul and the chief priest’s family\nDoeg tells Saul that Ahimelech the priest gave David food and a sword and prayed for him. Saul accuses the priests of encouraging David to rebel. This is a serious accusation because the priests are God’s representatives and are rebelling against God’s king if the accusation is true. Saul has the priests and all their families killed except those who escape to David. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
22:1	wbc2			cave	0	a hollow space under the ground, generally opening into the side of a hill, large enough for people to enter
22:1	h42f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Adullam	0	This is the name of a town near the city of Gath.
22:1	mjh9			heard it	0	heard that David had gone to hide in the cave
22:2	x1s9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Everyone who was in distress … everyone who was discontented	0	This is a generalization. Alternate translation: “Many people who were distressed … many people who were unhappy”
22:2	w6kr			captain	0	military officer who leads soldiers
22:2	nik2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	four hundred	0	“400”
22:3	n6gm			Then David went from there	0	Alternate translation: “Then David went from the cave at Adullam”
22:3	tgn5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mizpah	0	This is the name of a city.
22:3	p6t8			go out with you	0	David wanted his parents to live with the king of Moab so that King Saul would not be able to harm them. Translators can express his basic meaning by using the ideas of “come to stay with you,” “stay with you,” or “live here with you,” as in the UST.
22:5	ir3x			go into the land of Judah	0	Alternate translation: “go to your home land of Judah”
22:5	xg56		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hereth	0	This is the name of a city.
22:6	jvw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	David had been discovered, along with the men who were with him	0	Saul was most interested in David, so the writer mentions the other men separately. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone had discovered where David and all the men who were with him were hiding”
22:6	yk86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	the tamarisk tree	0	This is a type of tree. Alternate translation: “a large shade tree”
22:6	bpn2			in Ramah	0	Ramah is the name of a place in Gibeah. The name means “high place.” This could mean: (1) it refers here to the place called Ramah, or (2) it refers to any high place. Alternate translation: “on a hill”
22:7	h9sv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields and vineyards?	0	Saul uses a question to emphasize that David, who is from the tribe of Judah, does not desire to do this for the people of the tribe of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “The son of Jesse will not give you fields or vineyards.”
22:7	ft1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Will the son of Jesse give	0	The time when he will give can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “When the son of Jesse becomes king, will he give”
22:7	fhn5			the son of Jesse	0	Alternate translation: “David”
22:7	p8rr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will he make you all captains of thousands and captains of hundreds	0	Saul uses a question to emphasize that David, who is from the tribe of Judah, does not desire to do this for the people of the tribe of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “He will not make you captains of thousands and captains of hundreds”
22:7	hy7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Will he make you all captains	0	You may need to make explicit when he will make them captains. Alternate translation: “When he becomes king, will he make you all captains”
22:7	ktw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	captains of thousands and captains of hundreds	0	This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 17:18](../17/18.md).
22:8	r9wd			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nThis continues what Saul said to his servants.
22:9	e96p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Doeg the Edomite	0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:7](../21/07.md).
22:9	mj61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nob … Ahimelech	0	This is a place name and the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md).
22:9	kcg3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahitub	0	This is the name of a man.
22:10	p71d			He prayed to Yahweh that he might help him, and he gave him	0	Ahitub prayed to Yahweh that Yahweh might help David, and Ahitub gave David
22:13	vs5z			in that you have given	0	Alternate translation: “by giving”
22:13	rp7f			rise up	0	Alternate translation: “rebel” or “fight”
22:14	mme1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who among all your servants is so faithful as David … house?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “None of your servants is as faithful as David … house.”
22:14	iy7u			bodyguard	0	a person or group of people who protect someone
22:14	aui9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	is honored in your house	0	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom your family honors” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:15	sq72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is today the first time I have prayed to God to help him?	0	Ahimelech asks himself this question before Saul can ask it, then immediately answers it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is not the first time I have prayed to God to help David.”
22:15	aw6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Far be it from me!	0	This idiom means “Absolutely not!”
22:15	zpx3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Do not let the king impute anything to his servant or to all the house of my father. For your servant knows nothing	0	Ahimelech speaks of himself in the third person as the “servant.” Ahimelech also refers to Saul in the third person as “the king.” Ahimelech speaks this way to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “Please, King Saul, do not consider me, your servant, or anyone in the house of my father to be guilty. For I know nothing”
22:15	a249			impute	0	to consider someone guilty
22:15	qbw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to all the house of my father	0	Here “house” represents “family.” Alternate translation: “to all my father’s family”
22:16	kbw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	your father’s house	0	The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: “your father’s family” or “your father’s descendants”
22:17	g1gd			the guard that stood around him	0	Alternate translation: “the soldiers standing nearby to protect him”
22:17	dgp5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Turn and kill	0	Here “Turn” means to turn around or turn away from the king. Alternate translation: “Go and kill” or “Kill”
22:17	nr49		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	their hand also is with David	0	The word “hand” is a metonym for the work done with the hand. Alternate translation: “they also help David”
22:17	gd4u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	would not put out their hand to kill	0	The word “hand” is a metonym for the work done with the hand. Alternate translation: “did not do anything to kill” or “refused to kill”
22:18	kxa2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Turn and kill the priests … turned and attacked the priests	0	Here “Turn” means to turn around or turn away from the king. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Go and kill the priests … went and attacked” or “Kill the priest … attacked the priests”
22:18	g41e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Doeg the Edomite turned and attacked … he killed	0	This could mean: (1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or (2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “Doeg the Edomite and his men turned and attacked … they killed” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
22:18	lsc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Doeg the Edomite	0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:7](../21/07.md).
22:18	c5xv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighty-five persons	0	“85 men” or “85 priests”
22:19	qi5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	He also put to the sword … he put to the sword	0	This could mean: (1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or (2) the word “Doeg” is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate translation: “They also put to the sword … they put to the sword” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
22:19	eh6l			put to the sword	0	Alternate translation: “killed with the sword”
22:19	ru75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nob	0	Nob is the name of a city. Here the name “Nob” represents the people of that city. Alternate translation: “the people in the city of Nob” or “the people of Nob” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:20	g9ps		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abiathar	0	This is a man’s name.
23:intro	abcn				0	# 1 Samuel 23 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Saul chases David\n\nSaul wants to kill David, but David trusts in God who keeps rescuing him. David rescues the town of Keilah from the Philistines who are stealing their harvest. Saul goes to Keilah to capture David, but David flees to the wilderness near Ziph. When David goes deeper into the wilderness, Saul follows but he has to leave to fight the Philistines who have invaded the land. Saul’s pursuit of David shows that Saul cares more about killing his enemies than pleasing God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Synecdoche\n\nJonathan strengthens David with a synecdoche: “For the hand of Saul my father will not find you.” This helps to strengthen David’s faith. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
23:1	by75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	fighting against Keilah	0	“Keilah” is the name of a town. Here “Keilah” represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “fighting against the people of Keilah” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
23:1	g4uk			threshing	0	separating the grain or seeds, generally from a cereal plant or wheat by some mechanical means
23:3	e1kx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How much more then if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We will be even more fearful if we go to Keilah to fight the armies of the Philistines.”
23:5	ij1x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	went … fought … led … struck … saved	0	The writer pays the most attention to David, so these words are all singular, though David’s men helped him do all these things.
23:6	jj3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahimelech	0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:1](../21/01.md).
23:7	fhu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Saul was told	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Saul” or “They told Saul”
23:8	rz5t			summoned	0	officially called. The reader should understand that Saul probably told his officials to gather the soldiers. He did not call with a loud voice to get them to come.
23:8	wdl8			all his forces	0	Alternate translation: “all his soldiers”
23:10	f699			David said	0	Alternate translation: “David asked” or “David prayed”
23:10	g8im		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	your servant has indeed heard	0	David speaks as if he were someone else to show his respect for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “I have indeed heard”
23:10	cg3l			destroy the city	0	make the city so no one could live in it and kill all the people who live there
23:11	m2bi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	as your servant has heard … tell your servant	0	David speaks as if he were someone else to show his respect for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “as I have heard … tell me”
23:11	dwu8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	surrender me into his hand	0	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “give me over to Saul”
23:12	p7uu			David said	0	or “David asked” or “David prayed”
23:12	w6q4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	surrender me and my men into the hand of Saul	0	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “give me and my men over to Saul”
23:13	e3rt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	six hundred	0	“600”
23:13	wu5t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	It was told Saul	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Saul” or “They told Saul”
23:13	zwp4			had escaped	0	Alternate translation: “had run away from”
23:14	xlb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	wilderness of Ziph	0	This is the name of a deserted area near the city of Ziph.
23:14	h9gh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	did not give him into his hand	0	The word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “did not allow Saul to have power over David” or “did not allow Saul to do as he desired with David” or “did not allow Saul to capture David”
23:15	mvb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	seek his life	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “try to kill him”
23:15	gv8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Horesh	0	This is the name of city near Ziph.
23:16	c2id		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	strengthened his hand in God	0	This is an idiom. AT “encouraged him to trust in God”
23:17	lm7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	For the hand of Saul my father will not find you	0	Here “hand” is a metonym for Saul and his power. Alternate translation: “For Saul my father will not find you” or “For Saul my father will never be able to have power over you”
23:19	zz5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziphites	0	This is the name of the people group from Ziph.
23:19	t8kp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is not David hiding among us in … Jeshimon?	0	This rhetorical question can be translated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “David is hiding among us in … Jeshimon!”
23:19	f1lt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the hill of Hakilah	0	This is the name of a hill in the wilderness of Judah.
23:19	n8vj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jeshimon	0	This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as “the Judean Wilderness” or “the wasteland.”
23:20	tx3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	surrender him into the king’s hand	0	The word “hand” is a metonym for power. The Ziphites speak to Saul as if he were another man to show him that they respect him. Alternate translation: “give David to you so you can do whatever you desire with him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
23:21	udu8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	May you be blessed by Yahweh	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I hope that Yahweh blesses you”
23:21	yr45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	you have had compassion on me	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compassion**, you can express the same idea with an adjective such as “kind.” Saul says this because they had told him about David and they were willing to help Saul capture David. Alternate translation: “you have been kind to me” or “you have kindly told this to me”
23:22	vg7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Learn and find out	0	These two words mean almost the same thing and can be translated as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Know for sure”
23:22	ln65			who has seen him	0	Alternate translation: “who saw him”
23:22	i9bi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	It is told to me	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People tell me” or “I have heard”
23:23	iy51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	among all the thousands of Judah	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “even if I have to arrest every man in Judah” or “among all the clans of Judah”
23:24	jfx8			Then they rose up	0	They stopped what they had been doing. The reader should not believe that they were sitting or lying.
23:24	dx6t			Then they	0	Alternate translation: “Then the Ziphites”
23:24	lp4y			Ziph	0	This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:14](../23/14.md).
23:24	q42a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jeshimon	0	This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as “the Judean Wilderness” or “the wasteland.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:19](../23/19.md).
23:24	ij6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the wilderness of Maon	0	This is the name of the deserted area around the city of Maon in southern Judah.
23:25	wnj2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	David was told of it	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told David that they were coming” or “David learned that they were coming”
23:25	r4x5			rocky hill	0	a hill covered with many rocks or boulders
23:27	j8yv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	Hurry and come	0	The words “hurry” and “come” can be combined into one idea. Alternate translation: “Come quickly”
23:28	fy6k			pursuing David	0	Alternate translation: “chasing David, trying to catch him”
23:28	qaa2			Rock of Escape	0	a memorial or marker of David’s escape from Saul
24:intro	abco				0	# 1 Samuel 24 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nEven though Saul tries again and again to kill David, David does not avenge himself on Saul because God had chosen Saul as king. This is meant to contrast with Saul’s treatment of David, the future king. Saul represents the king the people wanted, a selfish man. David is the king God wanted, a godly man. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
24:1	li61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he was told	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told him”
24:1	b363			wilderness of Engedi	0	Engedi is a place in Israel west of the Dead Sea where there is water with dry land all around it.
24:2	fgt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three thousand	0	3,000
24:2	wu59			chosen men	0	men whom he had chosen because of their superior military abilities
24:3	i1mn			sheep pens	0	Alternate translation: “sheep corrals” or “sheep enclosures”
24:3	n5xb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	cover his feet	0	This is a euphemism for “relieve himself” or “defecate” or “empty his intestines.”
24:3	d5rh			cave	0	generally a natural hole under the ground, often with an opening in the side of a hill or cliff
24:4	g5sy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	David arose and quietly crept	0	The word “arose” is an idiom for taking action. Alternate translation: “David took action; he quietly crept”
24:4	q3ls			crept	0	approached slowly, carefully or quietly
24:5	c41t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	David’s heart afflicted him	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “David was sad because he had done something wrong”
24:6	w1fa			Yahweh’s anointed	0	Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh has chosen to lead his people” or “the one Yahweh has made king”
24:6	p9l3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to put out my hand against him	0	The hand is a metonym for the ability to cause harm. Alternate translation: “to harm him in any way”
24:9	n22d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why do you listen to the men who say, ‘See, David is seeking your harm?	0	This is a rhetorical question. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not listen to the men who say, ‘See, David is seeking to harm you.”
24:10	v731		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your eyes have seen	0	Here “your eyes” represent King Saul. Alternate translation: “you have seen with your own eyes”
24:10	xib3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	put you into my hand	0	The word “hand” is a metonym for control. Alternate translation: “put you where I could kill you or allow you to live”
24:11	t3q9			my father	0	Saul was not David’s real father. David calls him “father” to show that he respects Saul.
24:11	dhu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	there is no evil or treason in my hand	0	David speaks as if evil and treason were physical objects he could hold in his hand. Here “hand” represents a person acting or doing something. Alternate translation: “I have done no evil deed against you, nor have I rebelled against you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24:12	f9tq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my hand shall not be against you	0	The hand is a metonym for the ability to cause harm. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Samuel 24:6](../24/06.md). Alternate translation: “I will not harm you in any way”
24:13	wss6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	ancients	0	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who lived long ago”
24:14	ng1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	After whom has the king of Israel come out? After whom do you pursue?	0	These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. When David asks the questions, he knows that he will answer the questions himself. Alternate translation: “Let me tell you who the king of Israel has come out after. Let me tell you who it is that you are pursuing.”
24:14	jfp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	After a dead dog	0	The words “dead dog” are a metaphor for a powerless person. This sentence can be made complete. Alternate translation: “You are pursuing a person who is as powerless as a dead dog” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
24:14	u7sh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	After a flea	0	The word “flea” is a metaphor for a person whom others do not consider important. Alternate translation: “You are pursuing a person who is as unimportant as a flea” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
24:15	cbv2			see to it, and plead my cause	0	This could mean: (1) “do what is right, and plead my cause” or (2) “see that my cause is right and fight for me.”
24:15	g89c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from your hand	0	The word “hand” is a metonym for power. Alternate translation: “so that you have no power over me”
24:16	wzm1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my son David	0	Saul speaks as if David were his son to show David that he loves him.
24:16	jg3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	lifted up his voice and wept	0	The writer writes as if a voice were something a person could lift up with his hands. Alternate translation: “wept loudly”
24:18	vh22			you have done good to me	0	Saul acknowledges that David did show that he supported King Saul and was loyal to him by not killing him.
24:18	p931			for you did not kill me when Yahweh had put me at your mercy	0	Saul acknowledges that David chose to show mercy and demonstrated his loyalty to King Saul as Yahweh’s anointed.
24:19	s8ie		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely?	0	A rhetorical question with the answer included in the question. Alternate translation: “For if a man finds his enemy, he will not let him go safely.”
24:19	p5v5			For if a man finds his enemy, will he let him go safely?	0	Where Saul had believed David was his enemy, he learns that even though David will be king, David will not take over the throne from Saul by force, but will wait for Yahweh’s appointed time.
24:20	j61i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hand	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) David will cause the kingdom of Israel to prosper through his power as king. Alternate translation: “the kingdom of Israel will prosper as you rule the Israelite people” or (2) Yahweh will cause David to have complete control over the kingdom of Israel. Alternate translation: “you will have complete rule over the kingdom of Israel”
24:20	ge3u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in your hand	0	The word “hand” is a metonym that represents power or control.
24:21	lj2i			you will not cut off my descendants after me	0	“you will not kill my sons and their families.” It was common for a new king who was not from the previous family line to kill off all the children of the former king to prevent any of them from challenging him for the throne.
24:21	hr5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will not destroy my name out of my father’s house	0	It is important for each family in Israel to have descendants from generation to generation carrying on the family name and land inheritance. Alternate translation: “you will not destroy my family and descendants” or “you will allow my family to live”
24:22	yhv6			David and his men	0	Alternate translation: “David and his army”
25:intro	abcp				0	# 1 Samuel 25 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Revenge\n\nWhen David decides to kill all of the men in Nabal’s household, Abigail convinces David not to avenge himself but to leave revenge to God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
25:1	nvn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	All Israel gathered together and mourned for him	0	This is likely a generalization. A large number of the people of Israel were probably there, but some were probably unable to attend.
25:1	xdb3			gathered together	0	Alternate translation: “met together”
25:1	n1il			buried him in his house at Ramah	0	This could mean that they buried Samuel: (1) in his home town of Ramah or (2) on his family’s land in Ramah but not physically in the house or (3) in his house in Ramah.
25:1	l3mw			David rose and went down	0	Alternate translation: “David and his men moved on and they went down”
25:2	na8t			There was a man in Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel. The man was very wealthy.	0	Some translators may need to put the ideas in these verses in a different order. Alternate translation: “There was a very wealthy man in Maon whose possessions were in Carmel.”
25:2	alm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Maon	0	This is the name of a town.
25:2	l859		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Carmel	0	This is the name of a town. This is different from Mount Carmel.
25:2	v9dy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three thousand	0	3,000
25:2	h7hv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	one thousand	0	1,000
25:2	e5y9			shearing his sheep	0	Alternate translation: “shaving the wool off his sheep”
25:3	b2de			The man’s name was Nabal, and the name of his wife was Abigail. The woman was intelligent and beautiful in appearance. But the man was harsh and evil in his dealings. He was a descendant of the house of Caleb.	0	This verse give some background information about the man Nabal and his character. Some translators may need to put the ideas in this verse in a different order. Alternate translation: “Now the man was a descendant of the house of Caleb. His name was Nabal, and the name of his wife was Abigail. She was intelligent and beautiful in appearance. But the man was harsh and evil in his dealings.”
25:3	h65t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nabal	0	This is the name of a man.
25:3	s9ja		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abigail	0	This is the name of a woman.
25:3	r2tp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	He was a descendant of the house of Caleb	0	Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “He was a descendant of the family of Caleb” or “He was a descendant of Caleb”
25:4	j27u			shearing his sheep	0	Alternate translation: “shaving the wool off his sheep”
25:5	lq45			greet him in my name	0	Alternate translation: “greet him as I would greet him if I were there”
25:6	n38g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Live in prosperity	0	“I desire that you may live in prosperity.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **prosperity**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I desire that you possess many good things as long as you live”
25:6	x8p8			Peace to you and peace to your house, and peace be to all that you have	0	Alternate translation: “I desire that peace may come to you, your household and your possessions”
25:7	u29d			you have shearers	0	“your shearers are working” or “your shearers have sheep to shear.” David wants his men to speak so that Nabal understands that his sheep were well because David’s men helped guard them.
25:7	d9si		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	we did them no harm, and they missed nothing	0	David is pointing out how he and his men offered protection to Nabal’s servants and flocks. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we kept them and all their property from harm”
25:8	yvj1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	let my young men find favor in your eyes	0	Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “may you be pleased with my young men” or “may you consider my young men favorably”
25:8	kzp8			to your servants	0	David was expressing respect toward Nabal by calling his men Nabal’s servants.
25:8	z6jm			your son David	0	David spoke as if he were Nabal’s son to show that he respected Nabal, who was an older man.
25:9	k52k			David’s young men	0	Alternate translation: “David’s army”
25:9	am5l			said all of this to Nabal on David’s behalf	0	Alternate translation: “gave Nabal David’s complete message”
25:10	zp6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who is David, and who is the son of Jesse?	0	Nabal used questions to emphasize that he had no reason to help Daved. These two rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “This David son of Jesse you speak of—I do not know him.” or “I do not know who this David is, so I will not do as he says. I do not know who Jesse is, so I do not care what happens to his son.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
25:10	aj23			breaking away from	0	Alternate translation: “running away from” or “rebelling against”
25:11	c5xd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	my bread	0	Here “bread” is an idiom for any kind of food.
25:11	f631			men who come from I do not know where	0	Alternate translation: “men when I do not know where they have come from” or “men whom I do not know”
25:12	b8ir		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that was said	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that Nabal had said”
25:13	lxp6			said to his men	0	Alternate translation: “said to his army”
25:13	pbs3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	“Every man strap on his sword.” So every man strapped on his sword. David also strapped on his sword	0	If swords are not known in your language, you can treat “strap on his sword” as a metonym meaning to prepare for war. Alternate translation: “‘Every man, prepare for war.’ And every man prepared for war. David also prepared for war”
25:13	gl14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	four hundred	0	400
25:13	j4qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	two hundred	0	200
25:13	h5qa			stayed by the baggage	0	They remained at their base camp to prevent other raiders from stealing their possessions.
25:14	y9qi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal’s wife	0	You may need to make explicit what the young man did before he spoke with Abigail. Alternate translation: “One of Nabal’s servants found out what David and his men were planning to do, so he went to Nabal’s wife Abigail”
25:15	pr5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	We were not harmed	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Nobody harmed us” or “We were safe”
25:15	p6bs			did not miss anything as long as we went with them	0	“we did not lose anything when we were with them.” David’s men kept wild animals and other people from stealing Nabal’s flocks.
25:16	ibg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They were a wall	0	David’s men were like a wall around a city that protects the people in the city from their enemies.
25:17	r8ec		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	evil is plotted against our master	0	The speaker is careful not to name the one plotting the evil. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone is plotting to do evil things to our master”
25:17	gu63		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	our master	0	The speaker speaks of David as if David were another person to show that he respects David. Alternate translation: “you”
25:18	y9ci		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	two hundred	0	200
25:18	av2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	loaves	0	A loaf is like a cake. You may need to make explicit what the loaves consisted of. Alternate translation: “loaves of bread”
25:18	b23p			already prepared	0	Alternate translation: “that someone had already cooked” or “ready for someone to cook”
25:18	pl3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume	measures	0	This is a generic term as none is given.
25:18	e7nf			parched grain	0	Alternate translation: “grain that someone had cooked”
25:18	twx7			clusters of raisins	0	Alternate translation: “cakes of raisins” or “masses of raisins”
25:20	d3l8			David and his men	0	Alternate translation: “David and his army”
25:20	wcs5			by the cover of the mountain	0	This could mean: (1) into a low, narrow stream bed or (2) to where the men were hiding.
25:21	h5uv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background		0	The writer gives background information before he continues with the story.
25:21	nzw1			Now David had said, “Surely … for good.	0	The reader needs to understand that David had said these things before he said, “Every man strap on his sword” in [1 Samuel 25:13](../25/13.md).
25:21	vv7p			Now David	0	The word “Now” shows that the writer has stopped writing about Abigail and started writing about David.
25:21	n566		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	nothing was missed of all that belonged to him	0	This can be stated positively and in active form. Alternate translation: “he still has everything that was his” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
25:22	zn6m			May God do so to me … belong to him	0	The reader needs to understand that David had said these things before he said, “Every man strap on his sword” in [1 Samuel 25:13](../25/13.md).
25:22	cg4h			May God do so to me, David	0	The Hebrew text has “May God strike the enemies of David,” and some versions follow this. However, the reading of the ULT follows the main Greek tradition of the Old Testament, as some other modern versions do.
25:22	l2bk			all who belong	0	Alternate translation: “all the people who belong to him” or “those in his family”
25:23	l6e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background		0	The writer has finished giving background information, so he continues the story.
25:23	l5ga			lay before David facedown and bowed herself to the ground	0	Abigail was being humble and showing that she would obey David because he was a powerful leader.
25:24	c4nh			listen to	0	Alternate translation: “hear”
25:24	ljp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	my master … your servant … words of your servant	0	“David … me … my words.” Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two other people, to show that she respects David.
25:25	zt8e			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nAbigail continues to advise David not to take revenge.
25:25	q94v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	Let not my master regard … I your servant … the young men of my master	0	Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are other people to show that she respects David. Alternate translation: “Do not regard … I … your young men”
25:25	zwq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	But I … did not see … whom you sent	0	You may need to make explicit what Abigail would have done. Alternate translation: “But if I … had seen … whom you sent, I would have given them food”
25:26	b9lx			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nAbigail continues to advise David not to take revenge.
25:26	tc8r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	my master … my master	0	Abigail speaks of David as if he is another person to show that she respects David. Alternate translation: “David … you”
25:26	j7ne			bloodshed	0	murder
25:26	j55q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	avenging yourself with your own hand	0	The hand is a metonym for what a person does with the hand. Abigail assumes that David should allow Yahweh to take vengeance for him. Alternate translation: “taking vengeance yourself instead of letting Yahweh do it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
25:26	p12k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	let your enemies … be like Nabal	0	Abigail speaks as if Yahweh has already punished Nabal. Alternate translation: “I hope that Yahweh will punish your enemies … as he will punish Nabal” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
25:27	s1mh			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nAbigail continues to tell David not to be angry.
25:27	lh33		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	let this present that your servant has brought to my master be given to the young men	0	Abigail uses the passive to show her respect for David. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “please give this present, which your servant has brought to my master, to the young men” or “please let my master give this present, which your servant has brought to my master, to the young men”
25:27	ew7h			this present	0	“these gifts.” The “present” was actually many different things.
25:27	yj2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	your servant has … my master … my master	0	Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two other people to show that she respects David. Alternate translation: “I have … you … you”
25:28	lg88			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nAbigail continues to reason with David.
25:28	m9sh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	the trespass of your servant … my master … my master is	0	Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two other people, to show that she respects David. Alternate translation: “my trespass … you … you are”
25:28	iqt4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh will certainly make my master a sure house	0	Here “house” is an idiom used for “descendants.” Alternate translation: “Yahweh will ensure that my master always has a descendant who serves as king”
25:28	qq1m			fighting the battles of Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “fighting against Yahweh’s enemies”
25:28	cd6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	evil will not be found in you	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever see you do any evil thing” or “you will never do anything evil”
25:29	k6qw			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nAbigail continues to reason with David.
25:29	aql5			pursue	0	chase and try to catch
25:29	pf24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the life of my master will be bound in the bundle of the living by Yahweh your God	0	Abigail speaks of David’s life as if it were a long and thin object that a person could put with other long and thin objects and then tie together into a bundle with a rope. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will bind the life of my master in the bundle of the living” or “Yahweh your God will keep you alive with those who are alive” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
25:29	tyz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	the life of my master	0	Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two different people to show that she respects David. Alternate translation: “your life”
25:29	m3ub		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he will sling away the lives of your enemies, as from the pocket of a sling	0	Abigail speaks of David’s enemies’ lives as if they were small objects like a stone that could be put in a sling and shot a long distance. Alternate translation: “he will kill your enemies as easily as a man slings a stone a long distance”
25:29	mm76			a sling	0	a piece of animal skin with long cords at both ends in which a person can put a stone or other small, hard object and throw it a long distance
25:30	u6qu			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nAbigail continues to reason with David.
25:30	m21u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	my master	0	Abigail speaks of David as if he is another person, to show that she respects David. Alternate translation: “you”
25:31	lm3s			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nAbigail finishes reasoning with David.
25:31	wg25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	This will not be a staggering burden for you—that you have poured out innocent blood, or because my master attempted to rescue himself	0	Abigail is stating that if David chooses not to take revenge he will have a clear conscience when Yahweh makes him king of Israel. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “You will always be glad you acted as you did-that you have not poured out innocent blood, or because my master did not attempt to rescue himself”
25:31	bql2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	my master … himself … my master … your servant	0	Abigail speaks of herself and David as if they are two other people, to show that she respects David. “you … yourself … you … me”
25:31	m9fd			when Yahweh will do good for my master	0	That is, when Yahweh actually makes him king after Saul’s reign is over.
25:32	i5t4				0	# General Information:\n\nDavid accepts Abigail’s counsel and gifts.
25:32	ze7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	May Yahweh … be blessed, he who	0	This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “I praise Yahweh … who” or (2) “May all people praise Yahweh … who.”
25:33	xel2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Your wisdom is blessed and you are blessed, because	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I thank Yahweh because he has blessed you by making you wise and because”
25:33	m4g6			bloodshed	0	murder. The same word appears in [1 Samuel 25:26](../25/26.md).
25:33	er78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	with my own hand	0	The word “hand” here is a metonym for the action taken by the hand. Alternate translation: “by my own actions”
25:34	hb7b				0	# General Information:\n\nDavid accepts Abigail’s gifts and agrees to do as she has advised him.
25:34	wl4x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	there would certainly have not been left to Nabal so much as one male baby	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “I would not have left to Nabal even one male baby”
25:35	d94h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	received from her hand	0	This is an idiom. Abigail did not unload all gifts from the donkeys herself. Alternate translation: “accepted all the gifts that she had brought”
25:35	uy5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	have listened to your voice	0	The word “voice” is a metonym for the message the person speaks and a synecdoche for the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “have listened to what you have told me” or “will do as you have advised me” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
25:36	n4cq			morning light	0	dawn
25:36	l1ya			Nabal’s heart was merry within him	0	Nabal was very happy
25:37	l6bf				0	# General Information:\n\nYahweh’s judgment on Nabal
25:37	u2tf			the wine had gone out of Nabal	0	Nabal was no longer drunk and so was no longer feeling happy.
25:37	g4h6			his heart died within him	0	Nabal was unable to move because was so afraid that he was no longer physically healthy, probably because he had suffered a stroke.
25:39	y8vj				0	# General Information:\n\nDavid offers to protect Abigail by marrying her.
25:39	ir6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	May Yahweh be blessed	0	This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:32](../25/32.md). This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “I praise Yahweh” or (2) Alternate translation: “May all people praise Yahweh”
25:39	j9hl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	has taken up the cause of my insult from the hand of Nabal	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “has defended me after Nabal insulted me”
25:39	n5td		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	has taken up the cause of my insult	0	The abstract nouns “cause” and “insult” can be translated as verbs. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “has shown that what I was doing was right by punishing Nabal for insulting me” or (2) Alternate translation: “has acted, when Nabal insulted me, as if Nabal had insulted him”
25:39	w9kj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	has kept back his servant from evil	0	David speaks as if he were another person to show his respect for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “has kept me back from doing evil deeds”
25:39	cq6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	has turned Nabal’s evil action back on his own head	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **action**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “has done to Nabal what Nabal planned to do to me”
25:39	lb46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	on his own head	0	The head is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “on him”
25:39	ci9p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	sent and spoke to Abigail, to take her to himself as wife	0	You may make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “sent men to speak to Abigail and tell her that David wanted to take her to be his wife”
25:41	nmv3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	She arose, bowed herself	0	Abigail responded by bowing. The reader should understand that she was probably already standing when the men were talking to her in [1 Samuel 25:40](../25/40.md), and so the word “arose” is a metonym for deciding to bow down.
25:41	iqu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	See, your female servant is a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my master	0	Abigail speaks as if she were another person to show that she is humble. She shows that she desires to be David’s new wife by offering to wash the feet of David’s servants. Alternate translation: “See, I will serve you, the servants of my master David, by washing your feet”
25:42	ays4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	hurried and arose, and rode	0	You may need to make explicit what Abigail did after she arose and before she rode. Alternate translation: “quickly did what she needed to do to prepare for the journey, and then she rode”
25:42	hv4c			five servant girls of hers who followed her	0	Abigail was riding a donkey, but the servant girls were walking.
25:43	qn8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now David had also taken Ahinoam	0	This event took place before David married Abigail.
25:43	fx9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahinoam	0	This is the name of a woman.
25:44	t45u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Saul had given Michal	0	This event took place before David married Abigail.
25:44	eld8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Michal	0	This is the name of a woman.
25:44	rm51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Paltiel … Laish	0	These are names of men.
25:44	qbi9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gallim	0	This is a town north of Jerusalem.
26:intro	abcq				0	# 1 Samuel 26 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Vengeance\n\nDavid has another opportunity to kill Saul but he refuses to kill the one God had chosen as king. This contrasts with Saul, who tried to find David and kill him. Saul came to admit that David was more righteous than he was because he did not kill his enemy. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question\n\nDavid put his reason for not killing Saul in a rhetorical question: “Do not destroy him; for who can extend his hand against Yahweh’s anointed one and be guiltless?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
26:1	xrk7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is not David hiding … Jeshimon?	0	This rhetorical question can be translated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “David is hiding … Jeshimon!”
26:1	u73j			before Jeshimon	0	Alternate translation: “from which we can see Jeshimon”
26:1	x3kj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jeshimon	0	This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as “the Judean Wilderness” or “the wasteland.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:19](../23/19.md).
26:2	xlu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Then Saul arose and went	0	The word “arose” is an idiom for taking action. Alternate translation: “Then Saul took action and he went”
26:2	bq6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three thousand	0	3,000
26:2	em7t			chosen men	0	men whom he had chosen because of their superior military abilities
26:3	bg6j			before Jeshimon	0	Alternate translation: “from which they could see Jeshimon”
26:3	x3ka		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jeshimon	0	This is the name of a desert area near the Dead Sea. It can also be translated as “the Judean Wilderness” or “the wasteland.” See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 23:19](../23/19.md).
26:5	m1dq			David arose and went	0	Alternate translation: “David took action and he went”
26:5	m7ex		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abner … Ner	0	These are the names of men.
26:6	zm97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahimelech … Abishai	0	These are the names of men.
26:6	kzq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zeruiah	0	These are the names of women.
26:6	fp9z			go down … to	0	David and his men were probably on higher ground than Saul.
26:6	n7u2			I! I will go down	0	Alternate translation: “I want to be the one who goes down”
26:8	m51q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	God has put your enemy into your hand	0	Abishai speaks as if the enemy were a small object that God had put into David’s hand. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power the hand can wield. Alternate translation: “God has given you complete control over your enemy”
26:8	lze4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	pin him to the ground with the spear	0	This is a metonym that refers to “kill with a spear”
26:8	n3y8			I will not strike him a second time	0	Alternate translation: “I will kill him the first time I strike him” or “I will not need to strike him a second time”
26:9	ph1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	who can extend his hand against Yahweh’s anointed one and be guiltless?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “No one can strike Yahweh’s anointed one and be without guilt.” or “Anyone who strikes Yahweh’s anointed one will be guilty of murder.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
26:10	c39s			As Yahweh lives	0	Alternate translation: “as certainly as Yahweh lives” or “as surely as Yahweh lives”
26:10	s6yk			his day will come to die	0	Alternate translation: “he will die a natural death”
26:11	gt6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	extend my hand against	0	The hand is a metonym for the harm a hand can do. Alternate translation: “do anything to harm”
26:11	q6ty		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	let us go	0	David includes Abishai, so the word “us” here is inclusive.
26:12	mj5c			a deep sleep from Yahweh had fallen on them	0	Yahweh had caused them to sleep deeply.
26:14	qg15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you not answer, Abner?	0	David uses a question to shame Abner into answering. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Answer me, Abner!”
26:14	i2zz			David shouted	0	“David spoke as loudly as he could” so Saul and his men could hear him
26:15	e3xd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are not you a courageous man?	0	David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. Alternate translation: “You are a very brave man.”
26:15	it27		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who is like you in Israel?	0	David uses a question to rebuke Abner for not guarding Saul. Alternate translation: “You are the greatest soldier in Israel.”
26:15	b9q7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why then have you not kept watch over your master the king?	0	This could mean: (1) this is a real question and David wants Abner to answer him or (2) this is a rhetorical question and David is rebuking Abner. Alternate translation: “Therefore you should have kept watch over your master the king!”
26:17	d5y6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my son	0	Saul was not David’s true father. Saul speaks as if he were David’s father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father.
26:18	n2yf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why does my master pursue his servant?	0	This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My master has no reason to pursue his servant.”
26:18	ah3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Why does my master pursue his servant?	0	Here David speaks of Saul in third person calling him “my master,” and he speaks of himself in third person calling himself “his servant.” David speaks this way to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “Why are you, my master, pursuing me, your servant?” or “Why are you pursuing me?”
26:18	ljv3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have I done?	0	This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question or (2) If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that I have done nothing to harm you.”
26:18	q2fg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	What evil is in my hand?	0	This speaks of evil as if it were an object that is held in the hand. Here “hand” represents a person acting or doing something. This could mean: (1) David really does want Saul to answer the question. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong?” or (2) If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing wrong!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
26:19	xsj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	you, let my master the king listen to the words of his servant	0	David speaks as if he and the king were other people to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “you my king, listen to my words”
26:19	xi81			stirred you up against me	0	Alternate translation: “caused you to be angry with me”
26:19	sn5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	let him accept an offering	0	You may need to make explicit the reason he will give an offering. Alternate translation: “I will give him an offering so he will no longer cause you to be angry with me”
26:19	t9dx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	may they be cursed in the sight of Yahweh	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “may Yahweh decide to punish them”
26:19	fre1			for they have today driven me out, that I should not cling to the inheritance of Yahweh; they have said to me, ‘Go worship other gods.’	0	Alternate translation: “for they have today driven me out. It is as if they want me to stop clinging to the inheritance of Yahweh. It is as if they have said to me, ‘Go worship other gods.’”
26:19	h828			that I should not cling to the inheritance of Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “so that I will no longer trust that Yahweh will give me what he has promised me”
26:20	r1qc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	the king of Israel has	0	David speaks as if the king was another person to show respect to Saul. Alternate translation: “you have”
26:20	dm6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	do not let my blood fall to the earth	0	This is a polite way of saying “do not kill me.”
26:20	km1g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the one flea	0	David uses the word “flea” as a metaphor for a person, himself, who cannot do any great harm. Alternate translation: “this single flea” or “me, and I cannot harm you any more than one flea can”
26:20	ua6e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	as when one hunts a partridge in the mountains	0	Saul is chasing David as if he were hunting a valuable wild bird. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
26:21	w8jk			Return	0	This could mean: (1) “Return to serve me in my palace” or (2) “Return to your home.”
26:21	l7a6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my son	0	Saul was not David’s true father. Saul speaks as if he were David’s father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father.
26:21	sy9u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my life was precious in your eyes today	0	Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “today you have considered my life to be very valuable” or “today you showed me that you really do respect me”
26:21	zs9x			played the fool	0	Alternate translation: “been very foolish”
26:23	sdp3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh put you into my hand today	0	The word “hand” is a metonym for the person’s power. “Yahweh gave me an opportunity to attack you today” or “Yahweh placed me where I could easily have killed you”
26:23	x1fy			pay each man	0	Alternate translation: “give what is proper to each man””
26:23	h11d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	his anointed	0	David speaks as if Saul were another person to show that he respects Saul because Saul is king. Alternate translation: “the one he has chosen to be king”
26:24	wtj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	your life was precious in my eyes today	0	Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 26:21](../26/21.md). Alternate translation: “I have considered your life to be very valuable” or “I showed you today that I really do respect you”
26:24	tf9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	so may my life be much valued in the eyes of Yahweh	0	Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “so may Yahweh consider my life very valuable as well” or “so may Yahweh value my life as much as I have valued your life”
26:25	r7dp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	May you be blessed	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless you”
26:25	ct8y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my son	0	Saul was not David’s true father. Saul speaks as if he were David’s father to show David that he wants David to trust and respect him as David would trust and respect his own father.
27:intro	abcr				0	# 1 Samuel 27 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis begins a section about David living with the Philistines.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s move\nDavid is afraid Saul will someday catch him and kill him, so he moves to the Philistine city of Gath. This is a type of exile David creates for himself out of fear. It is caused by his lack of trust in God. This is the same reason his descendants would come to be exiled. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
27:1	vu4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	David said in his heart	0	Here “his heart” is a metonym that means to himself. Alternate translation: “David thought to himself”
27:1	j9tl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	escape out of his hand	0	The word “hand” is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “escape from him”
27:2	cr5x			David arose and passed over	0	Alternate translation: “David took action; he passed over”
27:2	jn4b			passed over	0	Alternate translation: “passed over the border between Israel and Philistia”
27:2	yjn5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	six hundred men	0	600
27:2	y8hn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Achish	0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 21:10](../21/10.md).
27:2	ik5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Maok	0	This is the name of a man.
27:3	q6ib		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahinoam	0	This is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 14:50](../14/50.md).
27:3	f557		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abigail	0	This is the name of a woman. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:3](../25/03.md).
27:3	qmd3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nabal	0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 25:3](../25/03.md).
27:4	zdd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Saul was told	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Saul” or “Saul heard”
27:5	zt35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	If I have found favor in your eyes	0	Here the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “If I have pleased you” or “If you consider me favorably”
27:5	mj6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	let them give me a place	0	Since Achish was the one who would “give,” this is a metonym for “please give me a place.”
27:5	ib99			one of the cities in the country	0	Alternate translation: “one of the outlying towns” or “one of the towns outside the city”
27:5	as8d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should your servant live in the royal city with you?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not need to live in the city with you.” or “I am not important enough to live here with you in the royal city.”
27:5	qss2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	your servant	0	David speaks as if he were another person to show that he respected Achish.
27:6	d2xd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziklag	0	This is the name of a city in the southwest part of Judah.
27:8	k2mv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	making raids on	0	attacking and taking property many times
27:8	mj2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Girzites	0	A people group who apparently lived somewhere between Philistia and Egypt.
27:8	c2xz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	as you go to Shur	0	Here “you” is being used as an indefinite pronoun that refers to anyone. Alternate translation: “on the way most people travel to Shur”
27:8	y3iy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shur	0	region on the northeast border of Egypt
27:9	vg2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	Achish	0	the king of Gath
27:10	ylp3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Achish	0	the king of Gath
27:10	l4n3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jerahmeelites	0	a clan from the tribe of Judah
27:10	qt6s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kenites	0	a people group who lived in the land of Midian
27:11	x7vm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gath	0	one of five Philistine city-states.
27:12	g4e6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	Achish	0	the king of Gath
28:intro	abcs				0	# 1 Samuel 28 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Talking to the dead\n\nTalking to the dead was against the law of Moses. God or the Holy Spirit left Saul because of his sin and would not help him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question\n\nSamuel uses a rhetorical question to say it was useless to ask his advice since there was no way Saul could be successful with God against him: “What then do you ask me, since Yahweh has left you, and he has become your enemy?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
28:1	u8jp			host	0	large assembly of armies
28:2	au3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	So you will know … So I will	0	The word “so” shows that the speaker agrees with what the other person has just said. Alternate translation: “Yes, I will go with you so that you will know … Very well, I will”
28:2	a7g3			you will know what your servant can do	0	David probably wanted Achish to think that David would kill many Israelites, but “what your servant can do” could also mean that David was planning to kill Philistines instead. Try to translate so that the reader can see both of these possible meanings.
28:2	b6jy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	your servant	0	David speaks as if he is another person so that Achish will think David respects him. Alternate translation: “I”
28:2	m1je		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	make you	0	The word “you” refers to David and so is singular.
28:2	ltp1			bodyguard	0	a person who protects another person
28:3	v29c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now Samuel … with spirits	0	The writer provides background information to prepare the reader for the events that follow.
28:3	k6lf			banned from the land	0	officially removed from the country or region, or prevented from entering Alternate translation: “expel from Israel”
28:3	x928			those who talked with the dead or with spirits	0	The words “those who talked with the dead” translate as one word in the original language, and the words “those who … talked with spirits” also translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here.
28:4	jp42			Then the Philistines gathered	0	after David and Achish spoke ([1 Samuel 28:2](../28/02.md))
28:4	gv6k			gathered all Israel together	0	Alternate translation: “gathered all his armies in Israel together”
28:4	nut5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shunem … Gilboa	0	these are names of places
28:5	bi99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he was afraid, and his heart trembled very much	0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his fear. Here Saul is referred to by his “heart.” Alternate translation: “he was terrified” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
28:6	l97l			Urim	0	The high priest carried the sacred lots called Urim and Thummin in his breastplate, in a marked pouch, next to his heart.
28:7	p66e			who talks with the dead	0	These words translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for a person who talks to the dead, you should use it here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](../28/03.md).
28:7	iy9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Endor	0	This is the name of a place.
28:8	q4zi			Saul disguised himself … and went … to the woman by night	0	Saul disguised himself because the way from Gilboa ([1 Samuel 28:4](../28/04.md)) to Endor ([1 Samuel 28:7](./07.md)) was through land that the Philistines were living in. He traveled all day and reached the woman after the sun had gone down.
28:8	by4s			disguised	0	changed his usual appearance no one would know who he was
28:8	mj1t			Divine for me … with a spirit	0	Alternate translation: “Talk to the dead for me”
28:9	qv53			those who talk with the dead or with spirits	0	The words “those who talk with the dead” translate as one word in the original language, and the words “those who … talk with spirits” also translate as one word in the original language. If your language has one word for those who talk with the dead and one word for those who talk with spirits, or if your language has only one word for those who talk with the dead and with spirits, you should use those words here. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 28:3](../28/03.md).
28:9	fdu8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my life	0	The word “life” represents the person. Alternate translation: “me”
28:13	bz39			a god	0	Other This could mean: (1) “one like God” or (2) “a judge” ([1 Samuel 7:15](../07/15.md)).
28:17	wpr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	torn the kingdom out of your hand	0	Samuel speaks as if the kingdom were a physical object that could be held in the hand and grabbed out by another person. Alternate translation: “made you so you are no longer king” or “made another person king in your place”
28:19	wl9u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh will give Israel along with you into the hand of the Philistines	0	Samuel speaks as if the people of Israel were a small object that Yahweh would give to the Philistines, whom he speaks of as if they were one person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will allow the Philistines to do whatever they want to do to you and the people of Israel”
28:19	i48b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	will be with me	0	This is a polite way to say that Saul will die. Alternate translation: “will be dead”
28:19	y24l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh will also give the army of Israel into the hand of the Philistines	0	Samuel speaks as if the army of Israel were a small object that Yahweh would give to the Philistines, whom he speaks of as if they were one person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will allow the Philistines to do whatever they want to do to the army of Israel”
28:20	gyg8			he had eaten no food all that day, neither that whole night	0	Saul had not eaten during the night before he traveled from Gilboa ([1 Samuel 28:4](../28/04.md)) to Endor ([1 Samuel 28:7](./07.md)), nor during the day as he journeyed, nor during the night on which he visited the woman.
28:21	t8lw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I have put my life in my hand and have listened	0	This is an idiom. “I could die because I listened” or “Someone could kill me because I listened”
28:22	cf3l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	the voice of your woman servant	0	The woman speaks as if she is another person to show that she respects Saul. She refers to herself by her “voice” to emphasize what she says. Alternate translation: “my voice” or “me speak to you” (See also: or [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
28:23	yci7			Saul refused	0	Alternate translation: “Saul would not do what they asked”
28:23	htn7			compelled him	0	Alternate translation: “forced him”
28:24	x7b9			fatted calf	0	a calf that has been grown and fed to be available for a special feast
28:24	zn9w			she … kneaded it	0	She mixed flour and oil, working and rolling the mixture thoroughly with her hands to produce dough for baking.
29:intro	abct				0	# 1 Samuel 29 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 29:5.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties\n\nIt is unclear whether David wanted to go into battle with the Philistines. He would have been fighting against Saul, but he also would have been fighting against Israel’s soldiers. It is probably best to see that David is conflicted over this issue, but some scholars believe that David planned on turning against the Philistines in the battle.
29:1	w2gw			spring	0	a small stream of water flowing naturally from the Earth
29:2	tq6l			passed on by hundreds and by thousands	0	Alternate translation: “divided their men into groups; some groups had one hundred soldiers and some groups had one thousand soldiers”
29:2	j1vs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	hundreds … thousands	0	100s … 1,000s
29:2	vft1			David and his men passed on in the rear guard with Achish	0	The groups of hundreds and thousands passed on first, then Achish and his helpers, and then David, his men, and the other Philistine soldiers, who were guarding Achish.
29:3	s77q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What are these Hebrews doing here?	0	Possible ways to translate this rhetorical question as a statement are Alternate translation: (1) “You should not have allowed these Hebrews, our enemies, to be here with us.” or (2) “Tell us who these Hebrews are.”
29:3	sj73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is not this David … these years, and I have found … this day?	0	Another possible translation is “Is not this David, … these years? I have found … this day.” The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should know that this is David … these years. I have found … this day.”
29:3	ri13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	I have found no fault with him	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I know of nothing that he has done wrong” or “I am very pleased with him”
29:4	i611		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	He will not go down with us into battle	0	The person here is a synecdoche for the army he commands. Alternate translation: “Do not let his army join with our army against our enemies”
29:4	vr1n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For how else could he make himself acceptable to his master than by taking the heads of our own men?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Here “taking the heads” is a metonym for killing. Alternate translation: “The best way for David to make peace with his master would be by killing our soldiers!” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
29:5	ce4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is this not David of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, ‘Saul … ten thousands’?	0	If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not trust David—he is the one of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, ‘Saul … ten thousands’!”
29:5	e1pv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thousands … ten thousands	0	“1,000s … 10,000s”
29:6	pw9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As Yahweh lives	0	This is an idiom. “As certainly as Yahweh lives” or “This is a true statement”
29:6	tzt2			your going out and your coming in with me in the army is good	0	Alternate translation: “I am happy to have you go out and come in with me and my army” or “It is good that you go everywhere with me and my army”
29:8	p5pg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	my master the king	0	David speaks as if Achish were another person so that Achish will think David respects him. Alternate translation: “you, my master and king”
29:9	tse5			nevertheless, the princes	0	Alternate translation: “even though that is true, this is more important: the princes” or “however, the princes”
29:10	xd7w			your master	0	The reader should understand that Achish is speaking of Saul.
29:10	r3uy			have light	0	Alternate translation: “can see with the morning sun”
30:intro	abcu				0	# 1 Samuel 30 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David fights the Amalekites\n\nWhen David and his men arrive home, they find the Amalekites have raided Ziklag and taken everything. They catch and destroy them and bring back all of their goods and families. Then David sends gifts to all the cities in Judah through which they had traveled.
30:1	u6dp			Ziklag	0	Ziklag is a city in the southern part of Judah. This was where David and his men kept their families.
30:2	i8bg			they	0	the Amalekites
30:2	l5au			both small and great	0	This could mean: (1) “both unimportant people and important people” or (2) “both physically small and physically large.”
30:3	tr67			their wives … sons … daughters	0	belonging to David and his men
30:3	hh3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	it was burned, and their wives … daughters were taken captive	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “they saw that someone had burned it and taken their wives … captive”
30:4	i5ts			the people that were with him	0	These were mainly his army of men.
30:5	nc5k				0	# General Information:\n\nDavid finds strength in Yahweh after the raid.
30:5	z5m8			Ahinoam the Jezreelite woman	0	Alternate translation: “Ahinoam from Jezreel”
30:5	hq7z			Nabal the Carmelite	0	Alternate translation: “Nabal the man from Carmel”
30:5	acw2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahinoam … Abigail	0	women’s names
30:6	e6z1			distressed	0	suffering
30:6	q4yw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	all the people were bitter in spirit	0	The word “bitter” is a metaphor for the desire to rebel. The word “spirit” is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “all the people were ready to rebel against David” or “all the people were very unhappy”
30:6	plf4			David strengthened himself in Yahweh, his God	0	This could mean: (1) “David took courage because he knew Yahweh his God would help him” or (2) “Yahweh his God made David strong.”
30:7	na36				0	# General Information:\n\nDavid seeks Yahweh’s direction in dealing with the raid on his people.
30:8	l4pe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	David prayed to Yahweh for direction	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **direction**, you can express the same idea with a clause. Alternate translation: “David prayed that Yahweh would tell David what David should do”
30:8	a2ps			pursue	0	chase and try to catch
30:9	f5ck		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	six hundred men	0	600 men
30:9	n8t4			brook	0	small stream
30:10	gxs6			kept pursuing	0	Alternate translation: “kept chasing them, trying to catch them”
30:10	she5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	four hundred men	0	400 men
30:10	c9v7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	two hundred	0	200 men
30:10	jle5			who were so weak	0	They were tired from their own raids and now in pursuit of the Amalekites. They no longer had the strength to continue.
30:11	wy3y			an Egyptian in a field	0	He was left there to die from the Amalekite raiding party.
30:12	l4q1			clusters of raisins	0	Alternate translation: “clusters of dried grapes”
30:13	a3bt			David said to him	0	David questioned the Egyptian slave.
30:13	g59g			three days ago	0	Alternate translation: “three days in the past”
30:13	lrz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three days	0	3 days
30:14	z8mp			a raid	0	an attack on a town to take property
30:15	rpy7			raiding party	0	a group of armed warriors who attack people or places unexpectedly
30:15	ln2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will not … betray me up into the hands of my master	0	Here “hands” refers to control. Alternate translation: “you will not … violate the trust I have in you by allowing my master to control me again”
30:16	tp7i			booty	0	the goods they had stolen in the raid
30:17	ac8n			twilight	0	the time just after the sun goes down until the sky is dark
30:17	uap2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	four hundred	0	400
30:18	gv1e			recovered … rescued	0	“got back … got back.” These two words translate the same Hebrew word. Your language may also have a word for a person getting his own property back from the person who stole it that is different from the word for a person getting his wife back from those who have captured her.
30:18	zen4			rescued his two wives	0	Alternate translation: “got his two wives back” or “saved his two wives from danger”
30:19	f95n			Nothing was missing	0	Alternate translation: “None of the items the Amalekites had stolen were lost”
30:19	h16q			neither small nor great	0	This could mean: (1) “neither unimportant people nor important people” or (2) “neither physically small nor physically large.” See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 30:2](../30/02.md).
30:19	we47			booty	0	goods that the Amelekites had stolen. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](../30/16.md).
30:21	r2q2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	two hundred	0	200
30:21	e3fw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the brook Besor	0	a small stream or creek named Besor. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:9](../30/09.md).
30:21	l3p7			greeted them	0	spoke to them in a friendly way
30:22	jt6r			the booty	0	the goods they had taken from the enemy in battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](../30/16.md).
30:22	n8ra			we have recovered	0	Alternate translation: “we have regained” or “we have gotten back”
30:24	n8h7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who will listen to you in this matter?	0	This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement: Alternate translation: “No one will listen to you in this matter.”
30:24	sv97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	as the share is for anyone who goes	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **share**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “as what belongs to anyone who goes”
30:24	xyy4			anyone who goes into battle	0	the warriors who actually fought the enemy in war
30:24	ff29			will share and share alike	0	Alternate translation: “will make sure that all receive the same amount”
30:24	jdd3			anyone who waits by the baggage	0	the people who supported the warriors by managing and guarding their supplies
30:24	q69h			baggage	0	belongings that the soldiers left behind when they went into battle
30:26	w4a8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziklag	0	This is the name of a town.
30:26	l1ll			booty	0	goods that David had taken from the Amalekites after the battle. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 30:16](../30/16.md).
30:26	ies7			a present	0	Alternate translation: “a gift”
30:27	j2r9			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe writer begins a list of towns whose elders received gifts from David.
30:27	rha5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bethel … Jattir	0	These are names of towns.
30:28	qm9t			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe writer continues the list that began in [1 Samuel 30:27](../30/27.md) of towns whose elders received gifts from David.
30:28	r7zx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Aroer … Siphmoth … Eshtemoa	0	These are names of towns.
30:29	xiz3			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe writer continues the list that began in [1 Samuel 30:27](../30/27.md) of towns whose elders received gifts from David.
30:29	v2kd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rakal	0	This is the name of a town.
30:29	a93e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jerahmeelites … Kenites	0	These are the names of people groups.
30:30	re7a			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe writer continues the list that began in [1 Samuel 30:27](../30/27.md) of towns whose elders received gifts from David.
30:30	n9nu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hormah … Bor Ashan … Athak	0	These are names of towns.
30:31	k11c			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nThe writer finishes the list that began in [1 Samuel 30:27](../30/27.md) of towns whose elders received gifts from David.
31:intro	abcv				0	# 1 Samuel 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis is the end of the section on Saul, but the book continues in 2 Samuel 1.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Saul’s punishment\nSaul receives his punishment from God: death for his disobedience and resisting the will of God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]])
31:1	k1fi			Now the Philistines fought against Israel	0	This battle was the result of the conflict between David and the Philistines in [1 Samuel 29:11](../29/11.md). The writer has finished telling the story of David that began in [1 Samuel 30:1](../30/01.md), and now he tells about the battle between the Israelites and the Philistines.
31:1	mg5w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	against Israel	0	“Israel” refers to the people who live there. Alternate translation: “against the people of Israel”
31:1	u5ii		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mount Gilboa	0	This is the name of a mountain
31:2	kg9r			closely pursued Saul and his sons	0	Alternate translation: “chased Saul and three of his sons”
31:2	f33r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abinadab, and Malki-Shua	0	These are names of men.
31:3	g8f6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The battle went heavily against Saul	0	This is an idiom. “Saul’s army began to lose the battle”
31:4	pe6q			armor bearer	0	The armor bearer carried the large shield of his commanding officer and other weapons. He protected the commanding officer during a battle.
31:4	nl61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	these uncircumcised	0	The nominal adjective “uncircumcised” can be translated as an adjective. Not being circumcised is a metonym for being foreigners. Alternate translation: “these men who have not been circumcised” or “these non-Israelite men” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:4	w39y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	would not	0	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “would not do what Saul had told him to do”
31:4	u2fu			took his own sword and fell on it	0	Alternate translation: “killed himself with his own sword”
31:6	a6ky			that same day	0	Alternate translation: “on that one day”
31:7	b1z1			lived in them	0	lived in the cities the men of Israel had left
31:8	v9ln			strip the dead	0	take the armor and weapons off the dead Israelites’ bodies
31:8	d9b8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mount Gilboa	0	a mountain range overlooking the Valley of Jezreel in northern Israel, south of Nazareth
31:9	w7af			the land of the Philistines throughout	0	Alternate translation: “all areas of the land of the Philistines”
31:9	xcw5			to carry the news to their idols’ temples and to the people	0	Alternate translation: “to speak the news inside the temples and to the people”
31:9	j17p			their idols’ temples	0	the buildings where they worshiped their idols
31:10	e3nj			Ashtoreths	0	ancient false goddesses and idols, also called “Asherah” or “Astarte”
31:10	z423			fastened	0	attached, probably with a large spike or nail
31:10	qu6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Shan	0	the name of a city
31:11	e9d6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jabesh	0	This is the name of a town. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md).
31:11	e2e5			what the Philistines had done to Saul	0	Alternate translation: “how the Philistines had dishonored Saul”
31:12	myv9			all night	0	Alternate translation: “throughout the whole night”
31:13	enk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	a tamarisk tree	0	This is a type of tree. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 22:6](../22/06.md). Alternate translation: “a large shade tree”
