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Merge pull request 'Updates all en_ta links' (#379) from richmahn-patch-1 into master 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_glm/pulls/379
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Richard Mahn 2022-08-31 19:15:37 +00:00
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docs/gl_translation.rst
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@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Pink = resources that become the OL Bible
It is important that you translate the text of the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` and the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` before you translate UTN, UTW, and UTQ. This is because the text of the GLT (the translation of the ULT into the Gateway Language) provides the context for the other three resources. Without this context, the translators of UTN, UTW, and UTQ will not know how they should translate. For the same reason, the text of OBS should be translated before the Notes, Questions, or Words resources that belong to OBS. It is not necessary to complete all 50 stories of OBS before starting to translate the other resources, however. You can start to translate the resources for an OBS story after that story is complete. For the books of the Bible, you will need to translate in a similar way: First translate the ULT and UST for a Bible book, then the UTN, UTW and UTQ resources for that same Bible book. This is necessary because the ULT, UST, UTN, and UTW are not yet complete for all of the Bible books. This is also a good translation procedure so that the translation team can see how the resources work together very early in the process. This is instead of translating the entire ULT before the entire UST, or the ULT New Testament before the UST New Testament. If desired for long books, you could translate all of the resources for each chapter before moving on to the next chapter. Once all of the resources for a Bible book have been completely checked, then an OL translation team could start using them to translate, without having to wait for the entire Bible to be ready.
We recommend that you translate all of the translation resources for a Bible book together. For example, you would translate the ULT of Titus, then the UST of that same book. Then you would use those to translate the UTN, UTW, and UTQ for Titus. Then you would repeat the process for the next book. (For information about which books of the Bible to translate first, see the UTA module `Choosing What to Translate <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/03-translate.html#translation-difficulty>`_.)
We recommend that you translate all of the translation resources for a Bible book together. For example, you would translate the ULT of Titus, then the UST of that same book. Then you would use those to translate the UTN, UTW, and UTQ for Titus. Then you would repeat the process for the next book. (For information about which books of the Bible to translate first, see the UTA module `Choosing What to Translate <https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/master/03-translate.html#translation-difficulty>`_.)
What is the Recommended Translation Process?
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Translating translationAcademy
.. note:: This module answers the question, "What are the guidelines for translating translationAcademy?"
.. seealso:: :ref:`gltranslation-transult`, :ref:`gltranslation-transtn`, :abbr:`tA (translationAcademy)` module `Introduction to translationAcademy <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/01-intro.html>`_, The Gateway Language Strategy at http://ufw.io/gl/.
.. seealso:: :ref:`gltranslation-transult`, :ref:`gltranslation-transtn`, :abbr:`tA (translationAcademy)` module `Introduction to translationAcademy <https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/master/01-intro.html>`_, The Gateway Language Strategy at http://ufw.io/gl/.
Recommended Training and Experience
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@ -215,13 +215,13 @@ When translating the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, however, this idi
Figures of Speech
"""""""""""""""""
The :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` of John 1:17 reproduces a figure of speech from the Greek source language. It says, "grace and truth came through Jesus Christ." (This figure of speech is called "personification;" see the :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Personification <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/03-translate.html#figs-personification>`_.) This figure of speech refers to grace and truth like people who can come and go, and it refers to Jesus Christ like a doorway that they can come through. In some languages this makes sense, but in other languages it does not. The plain meaning is that Jesus Christ acted toward us with grace and taught us true things about God.
The :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` of John 1:17 reproduces a figure of speech from the Greek source language. It says, "grace and truth came through Jesus Christ." (This figure of speech is called "personification;" see the :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Personification <https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/master/03-translate.html#figs-personification>`_.) This figure of speech refers to grace and truth like people who can come and go, and it refers to Jesus Christ like a doorway that they can come through. In some languages this makes sense, but in other languages it does not. The plain meaning is that Jesus Christ acted toward us with grace and taught us true things about God.
The :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` of the same verse tries to make this plain meaning clear by translating it as, "Jesus Christ was kind to us far beyond what we deserved, and he taught us true things about God."
When translating the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, however, this figure of speech should be translated as it is, so that the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator can consider it and use it if it makes sense. If it does not, the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` provides an alternative way to translate it.
.. seealso:: :ref:`gltranslation-adaptult`, :ref:`glchecking-checkingult`, :ref:`gltranslation-transust`, :abbr:`tA (translationAcademy)` module `Translation Difficulty <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/03-translate.html#translation-difficulty>`_.
.. seealso:: :ref:`gltranslation-adaptult`, :ref:`glchecking-checkingult`, :ref:`gltranslation-transust`, :abbr:`tA (translationAcademy)` module `Translation Difficulty <https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/master/03-translate.html#translation-difficulty>`_.
Translation Glossary for the ULT
@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ In this verse, the words "praise," "honor," "peace," and "good" are abstract nou
For this reason, the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` expresses these nouns as actions or descriptions. It says, "But God will praise, honor, and give a peaceful spirit to every person who habitually does good deeds."
When translating the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, avoid using abstract nouns. For more information on abstract nouns, see the :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Abstract Nouns <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/03-translate.html#figs-abstractnouns>`_.
When translating the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, avoid using abstract nouns. For more information on abstract nouns, see the :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Abstract Nouns <https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/master/03-translate.html#figs-abstractnouns>`_.
Long, Complex Sentences
@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ The :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` of Romans 2:21 says, "You who preac
This is a figure of speech called a rhetorical question. It is not a real question that is used to seek an answer. It is used to make a point. In this case, Paul is using it to scold his audience and to condemn their hypocrisy. Many languages do not use rhetorical questions, or they do not use them in this way.
To show how to translate this meaning without a rhetorical question, the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` says, "You who preach that people should not steal things, it is disgusting that you yourself steal things!"
When you translate the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, be sure to not use rhetorical questions or other figures of speech. (For more examples of figures of speech, see the :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Figures of Speech <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/03-translate.html#figs-intro>`_. and the modules linked there.)
When you translate the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, be sure to not use rhetorical questions or other figures of speech. (For more examples of figures of speech, see the :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Figures of Speech <https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/master/03-translate.html#figs-intro>`_. and the modules linked there.)
Idioms
""""""
@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ The word "apple" here does not refer to a kind of fruit, but instead refers to t
To show the meaning of this verse, the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` expresses this in plain language, without an idiom. It says, "He protected them and took care of them, as every person takes good care of his own eyes."
The Notes add another way to translate this that makes the meaning clear. It says, "He protected the people of Israel as something most valuable and precious." When you translate the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, be sure that you do not use any idioms. Only use plain language that makes the meaning clear. (For more information on idioms, see the :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Idiom <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/03-translate.html#figs-idiom>`_.)
The Notes add another way to translate this that makes the meaning clear. It says, "He protected the people of Israel as something most valuable and precious." When you translate the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)`, be sure that you do not use any idioms. Only use plain language that makes the meaning clear. (For more information on idioms, see the :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Idiom <https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/master/03-translate.html#figs-idiom>`_.)
(For more examples of how the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` avoids difficult grammatical constructions, idioms, and figures of speech, see the section of examples in :ref:`gltranslation-transult`.)
@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ What is needed to adapt an existing translation and use it as the ULT for a GL?
In order to adapt an existing translation and use it as the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` for a :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`, it is necessary that the existing translation be a literal translation. That is, it should follow the same order of clauses as the original biblical languages and reproduce the original biblical idioms and figures of speech. Most Bibles that were translated into :abbr:`GLs (Gateway Languages)` in the first half of the twentieth century or earlier are literal translations.
It is also necessary that the Bible that you adapt as the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` not be encumbered by copyright. That means that it must be in the public domain or have a license that permits us to reproduce and translate it. (For more information on copyrights and licensing, see the :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Open License <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/01-intro.html#open-license>`_.)
It is also necessary that the Bible that you adapt as the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` not be encumbered by copyright. That means that it must be in the public domain or have a license that permits us to reproduce and translate it. (For more information on copyrights and licensing, see the :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Open License <https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/master/01-intro.html#open-license>`_.)
If the Bible is very old, you will need to update the language and the style so that it uses words that people use now and "talks" in the way that people talk now. Even though the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` has a literal style, it must use words that people know so that they can understand it.
@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ Guidelines
:abbr:`TN (translationNotes)` offer alternative ways to translate a phrase from the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`. It is important that the phrase that you use to translate this kind of note be a direct substitute for the phrase that it replaces in the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`. In other words, the phrase has to have the same grammatical construction as the phrase in the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`. It needs to fit into the sentence in the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` just like the original phrase did.
In order to make sure that the phrase in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` note fits the sentence in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, you must be able to always look at both the English note and the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` as you translate. Translating the :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)` while having the source visible is the most efficient way to translate them and this will also reduce the number of errors in translation. (For more information on the types of :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)`, see the :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Using the translationNotes <https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ta/dcae73d489/03-translate.html#resources-types>`_.)
In order to make sure that the phrase in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` note fits the sentence in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)`, you must be able to always look at both the English note and the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` as you translate. Translating the :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)` while having the source visible is the most efficient way to translate them and this will also reduce the number of errors in translation. (For more information on the types of :abbr:`TN (translationNotes)`, see the :abbr:`TA (translationAcademy)` module `Using the translationNotes <https://door43.org/u/unfoldingWord/en_ta/master/03-translate.html#resources-types>`_.)
.. include:: /includes/entirebiblefirst.txt