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Update 'docs/gl_appendices.rst'

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@ -434,105 +434,181 @@ However, use commas around “too” when the word is indicating an additional c
* “He has repented and, too, he is a son of Abraham" (“he has repented and, for another thing, he is a son of Abraham”)
Conditional
^^^^^^^^^^^^
If a clause begins with as if or as though, use the “unreal tense,” the past subjunctive or the past perfect subjunctive if it is untrue.
Example: Nehemiah speaks of the repairs to the wall as if the wall were becoming healthy again.
Conjunctions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Make sure that the phrases joined by conjunctions are parallel (share the same structure). For more help, see
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/parallel-structure-examples.html
Use a comma, not a semicolon, when a coordinating conjunction joins two independent clauses.
Do not begin a sentence with a conjunction if it can be avoided.
Do not begin a sentence with a conjunction if that can be avoided.
Do not substitute an ampersand (&) for the word “and.”
Phrases joined by conjunctions should be parallel. That is, they should share the same structure.
* Correct: Either she likes to see him or she doesn't like to see him.
* Incorrect: Either she likes to see him or she doesn't like seeing him.
Source: https://examples.yourdictionary.com/parallel-structure-examples.html
Contractions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Do not use contractions in the unfoldingWord resources that you write or edit.
Dashes
^^^^^^^
Use the en dash to indicate a range of numbers, i.e, from 30–40 people attend..
Use an en-dash (–) to indicate a range of numbers.
Use the em dash to set apart a phrase or clause, substituting for a comma, semi-colon, colon or parentheses, or to indicate something missing. Follow em rules: closed up when used for parentheses: e.g. He—that is, my husband—is a gem (more common in US style).
* From 30–40 people attend regularly.
* We will have the chance to say–once and for all–whether we want to stay or go.
An em-dash may substitute for a comma, semicolon, colon, or period.
* He said he was going to leave—and that’s just what he did!
A pair of em–dashes (—) may be used to set apart a phrase or clause.
* We will have the chance to say—once and for all—whether we want to stay or go.
A pair of em-dashes may substitute for parentheses.
* He—that is, my husband—is a gem.
An em-dash at the end of a sentence may indicate that something is being left unsaid or that a speaker has been interrupted.
* And if that doesn’t work—
* “But—”
Special treatment at the end of sentences (recommended): closed-up em rules for end of sentence interruptions: e.g. ‘But—’
Ellipses
^^^^^^^^^
An ellipsis (…) is used within a quotation to indicate that material has been left out. In unfoldingWord materials, use the unicode symbol (single character), not three periods.
Put a space before and after an ellipsis used in the middle of a sentence. Do not put a comma before an ellipsis. The three dots have spaces between them and also before and after. Use the unicode symbol, not three periods.
Put a space before and after an ellipsis in the middle of a sentence. Put a space before an ellipsis at the end of a sentence. Do not use a comma before an ellipsis.
* ‘No. Not … not again. Please.’
In Bible quotations, do not place an ellipsis at the start of a Bible verse that is missing material at the beginning, and do not place an ellipsis at the end of a Bible verse that is missing material at the end. Do use an ellipsis to represent some interior portion that is not included in the quotation.
In some types of writing, an ellipsis is used to create a pause in narrative or to indicate a pause in speech. It may also be used to indicate speech that trails off unfinished. **But these uses are not encouraged in unfoldingWord materials or in Bible translations.**
* He fell to the bottom … and sank.
For Bible quotations, do not place an ellipsis before or after a Bible verse which is missing the beginning or the end, but do use an ellipsis for an interior portion not included in the quote.
* “No. Not … not again. Please.”
CMS says, “When three [dots] are used, space occurs both before the first dot and after the final dot. When four are used, the first is a true period--that is, there is not space between it and the preceding word.”
* “And you know what that means …”
If the first segment of the quotation could be read as a complete sentence (grammatically speaking), a period comes before the ellipsis (for a total of four dots). ... When a quotation deliberately trails off without finishing, it ends with three dots (see also **CMOS** 13.55
**More on ellipses:**
https://www.dailywritingtips.com/all-about-ellipses/#:~:text=If%20a%20final%20portion%20of,with%20a%20period%20.%20.%20.%20.
Footnote
^^^^^^^^^
Leave no space between the superscript (note number) in the text and the word or mark of punctuation it follows. Place the superscript before a dash but after all other marks of punctuation.
Leave no space between the superscript (note number) in the text and the word or mark of punctuation that it follows. Place the superscript before a dash but after all other marks of punctuation.
Fractions
^^^^^^^^^^
Use hyphens with all fractions except for the rare case where a fraction word such as half is not being used as a fraction.
Use hyphens with fractions when the entire fraction is an adjective. Do not use hyphens when the quantity word (“half,” “quarter,” etc.) is a noun and the number is an adjective.
* The gas tank is one-third full.
* Three quarters of the group went home.
* three-fourths of the group, one-fifth gone, one-third full, but only half of them went home.
Hyphen
^^^^^^^
A hyphen is used between parts of a compound word or between syllables of a word divided by a line break. For example, a twenty-nine-year-old man
A hyphen is used between parts of a compound word or between syllables of a word divided by a line break.
Never hyphenate compounds which include an adverb (generally, a word ending in 'ly').
* A twenty-nine-year-old man
* divinely appointed meeting, not divinely-appointed meeting
Never hyphenate compounds that include an adverb (typically, a word ending in '-ly').
Negatives: Not, Neither, Nor
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
* Correct: A divinely appointed meeting
When an auxiliary verb is negated, this already negates both main verbs that may follow in a compound predicate, so “or” is used between those verbs: “I will not leave you or forsake you,” and not “I will not leave you nor forsake you.” However, this would also be correct: “I will neither leave you nor forsake you.”
* Incorrect: A divinely-appointed meeting
Nor (usage)
^^^^^^^^^^^^
“Nor” is a conjunction that means “and not.” The subject follows the auxiliary verb in an independent clause introduced by “nor.”
* He did not call, and he did not write. =
* He did not call, nor did he write.
According to the current conventions of international standard English (the usage was previously different), when an auxiliary verb is negated, this negates the main verbs that follow in a compound predicate, so “or” is used between those verbs.
* Correct: I will not leave you or forsake you.
* Incorrect: I will not leave you nor forsake you.
However, this would also be correct, though it is an older usage: “I will neither leave you nor forsake you.”
Similarly, when a verb is negative, this negates both parts of a compound object, so “or” is used between those objects.
* Correct: I do not like carrots or peas.
* Incorrect: I do not like carrots nor peas.
Alternatively, though an older usage: I like neither carrots nor peas.
Another alternative is to add a comma. This effectively creates a compound sentence with an implied subject and verb, and this allows the use of “nor.”
* I do not like carrots, nor peas. =
* I do not like carrots, nor [do I like] peas.
Also, when the verb is negative, this negates both parts of a compound object, thus: “I do not like carrots or peas,” and not: “I do not like carrots nor peas,” but yes, “I like neither carrots nor peas.” An added comma effectively creates a compound sentence with an implied subject and verb, and this allows the use of “nor.” “I do not like carrots, nor peas” = “I do not like carrots, nor [do I like] peas.”
Not only … but also
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Parallelism is important here. Whatever element immediately follows “not only” should parallel whatever follows the “but.” Use a comma if a new subject is introduced after the “but,” introducing an independent clause.
Parallelism is important here. The element that follows “but also” should parallel the element that follows “not only.”
* Correct: He’s not only intelligent but also funny. (Two adjectives, “intelligent” and “funny,” used in parallel.)
* Incorrect: He’s not only intelligent but also has a great sense of humor. (The phrase after “but also” does not parallel the adjective after “not only.” This would be correct if it said, “Not only is he intelligent, he also has a great sense of humor.”)
There is discretion to use a comma for emphasis before the “but also” element, even though this is an exception to the general rule that says not to use commas between elements introduced by correlative conjunctions such as either/or, neither/nor, not/but, etc.
* Acceptable: He’s not only intelligent, but also funny.
Source: https://www.grammarly.com/blog/parallelism-with-not-only-but-also/
Numbers (general)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Across ULT, UST and the helps, we will continue to follow the GL manual, writing out numbers from 1-10 and using numerals for everything above that. When there would be a mix of words and numerals in the same context, make them all the same as the majority.
The exception is cases where the number is perhaps not just a number. Examples: The Twelve (a group title) in the gospels, "The Three" and "The Thirty'' in 2 Samuel 23:23, myriads and myriads in Revelation (e.g., Rev 9:16), and some places in the OT (e.g., Judges 6:15) with eleph (thousand). In these sorts of cases, we will write out the numbers in the ULT and this will serve as a signal to the UST/TN writer that the ULT editor thinks something extra is going on here.
Restated: Numbers 11 and above use numerals. Spell out numbers ten or smaller in narrative text unless doing so introduces awkwardness or goes against convention (recommended):
* Certainly, you will leave the 99 other sheep in the wilderness and go search for the lost sheep until you have found it.
In all unfoldingWord resources, use words for the numbers from one through ten and use numerals for higher numbers.
* Why did the other nine not come back?
* I am giving a thousand pieces of silver to your brother.
* Certainly you will leave the 99 other sheep in the wilderness and go search for the lost sheep until you have found it.
* The number was 144,000.
If there would be a mix of words and numerals in the same context, use the same format for all the numbers that would be used for the majority. Example from Genesis 32:15:
* Incorrect: 30 milking camels and their colts, 40 cows and ten bulls, 20 female donkeys and ten male donkeys
* Correct: 30 milking camels and their colts, 40 cows and 10 bulls, 20 female donkeys and 10 male donkeys
When numbers are adjectives rather than nouns, write them out:
* I am giving a thousand pieces of silver to your brother.
When numbers are common nouns rather than proper nouns, write them out:
* “I hope the Lord your God will give you a hundred times more soldiers than you already have” (2 Samuel 24:3). If this said “one hundred,” that would be written as a numeral.
Write out numbers that are titles, for example, “The Twelve” in the gospels and "The Thirty'' in 2 Samuel 23:23.
When numbers higher than ten are figurative, they should be written out to show that they are not literal. For example, δισμυριάδες μυριάδων in Revelation 9:16 seems to mean figuratively "an indefinite number of incalculable immensity.” So rather than say 200,000,000, ULT might say "a double myriad of myriads,” and a translation note would explain the usage. UST might say something like "a couple of hundred million" to indicate the indefinite usage.
Similarly when numbers higher than ten are idiomatic, they should be written out to show that they are not literal. For example, one literal version translates Judges 6:15 as "my thousand is the poorest in Manasseh." ULT would not say "my 1,000 is the poorest in Manasseh," but write out the word, and UST could express the idiomatic meaning with "clan."
* The number was 144,000.
Numbers (dates)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^