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**Writing Styles (Discourse)**
Blessings (Article does not exist yet)
*Grace, mercy, and peace from* (2 Timothy 1:2)
After stating his name and the name of the person to whom he is writing, Paul adds a blessing to Timothy. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “may you experience kindness, mercy, and peace within you from” or “I pray that you will have grace, mercy, and peace from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-blessing]])
Extended Metaphors https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/figs-exmetaphor/01.md
*it finds it swept out and put in order* (Luke 11:25)
Jesus speaks about the person whom the demon left by continuing the metaphor of a house. You could express this metaphor as a simile if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the demon finds that the person it left is like a house that someone has swept clean and organized by putting everything where it belongs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])
Introduction of a Discourse https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/writing-intro/01.md
Marking Background Information https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/writing-background/01.md
*he was passing through between Samaria and Galilee* (Luke 17:11)
Luke provides this background information about Jesus location to help readers understand what happens in this episode, in which Jesus engages a group of men that includes both Jews and at least one Samaritan. Alternate translation: “Jesus was traveling along the border between Samaria and Galilee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
Marking End of Story https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/writing-endofstory/01.md
*And news about him went out* (Luke 4:37)
This is a comment about what happened after the story as a result of the events within the story itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
Marking Hypothetical Situations https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/figs-hypo/01.md
*If we say that we have not sinned, we make him a liar* (1 John 1:10)
John is using a hypothetical situation to help his readers recognize the serious implications of disregarding sin. Alternate translation: “Suppose we say that we have not sinned. Then we are calling God a liar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
Introduction of a New Event https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/writing-newevent/01.md
*After these things* (Esther 2:1)
This introduces a new event that happened some time after the events the story has just related. The story does not say how long after those events this new event happened. Alternate translation: “Some time later” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
Introduction of New and Old Participants https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/writing-participants/01.md
*Ezra the scribe* (Nehemiah 8:1)
This introduces Ezra as a new character in the story. The expression “the scribe” identifies him as a teacher who had carefully studied the Law of Moses. Since he is a new participant, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could call him something like “a man named Ezra, who was a teacher of the Law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
Parables https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/figs-parables/01.md
*There were two debtors* (Luke 7:41)
To help Simon the Pharisee understand what he wants to teach him, Jesus tells a story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Jesus told Simon this story to help him understand: There were two debtors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
Poetry https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/writing-poetry/01.md
*I am writing to you, little children* (1 John 2:12)
In order to show that John is writing something like poetry in this verse and the next two verses, some translations set the statements in these verses farther to the right than the rest of the text, and they begin a new line at the start of each statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
Politeness Issues (Article does not exist yet)
Proverbs https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/writing-proverbs/01.md
*People who are well do not have need of a physician, but those who have sickness* (Luke 5:31)
Jesus begins his response by quoting or creating a proverb, a short saying about something that is generally true in life. This proverb draws a figurative comparison: Just as sick people need to see a doctor to be healed, so sinners need to see Jesus in order to be forgiven and restored. But since Jesus explains the comparison in the next verse, you do not need to explain it here. Rather, you can translate the proverb itself in a way that will be meaningful in your language and culture. Alternate translation: “People who are well do not need to see a doctor; people who are sick do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
Symbolic Language https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/writing-symlanguage/01.md
*seven spirits* (Revelation 1:4)
The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The “seven spirits” refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
Verse Bridges https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/src/branch/master/translate/translate-versebridge/01.md
*For he had commanded the unclean spirit to come out from the man* (Luke 8:29)
If your language would put the reason before the result, you could create a verse bridge by moving this sentence to the previous verse, after the man bows down to Jesus but before he speaks. You would need to change the tense of the verb to fit the context. Alternate translation: “Jesus commanded the unclean spirit to come out of the man” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge)