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Perry'sEdits3Q2019Group3 (#193)
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As you read the new translation, ask yourself these questions. These are questions that will help determine whether or not the translation has been done in a style that is acceptable to the language community:
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1. Is the translation written in a way that can be understood easily by both young and old members of the language community? (Whenever someone speaks, they can change their choice of words for either a younger or an older audience. Is this translation done using words that communicate well to both young and old people?
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1. Is the translation written in a way that can be understood easily by both young and old members of the language community? (Whenever someone speaks, they can change their choice of words for either a younger or an older audience. Is this translation done using words that communicate well to both young and old people?)
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1. Is the style of this translation more formal or informal? (Is the manner of speaking the way that the local community prefers, or should it be more or less formal?)
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1. Does the translation use too many words that were borrowed from another language, or are these words acceptable to the language community?
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1. Did the writer use an appropriate form of the language acceptable to the wider language community? (Is the writer familiar with the dialects of your language found throughout the area? Did the writer use a form of the language that all of the language community understands well, or did he use a form that is used in only a small area?
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1. Did the writer use an appropriate form of the language acceptable to the wider language community? (Is the writer familiar with the dialects of your language found throughout the area? Did the writer use a form of the language that all of the language community understands well, or did he use a form that is used in only a small area?)
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If there is a place where the translation uses language in the wrong style, make a note of that so that you can discuss it with the translation team.
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### Checking the Translation for Accuracy
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The purpose of this section is to make sure that the new translation is accurate. In other words, when compared with the source translation, does the new translation communicate the same meaning (not necessarily with the same wording or the exact order)?
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It is very important to make sure that the new translation is accurate. A translation is accurate when it communicates the same meaning as the original. In other words, an accurate translation communicates the same message that the original writer intended to communicate. A translation can be accurate even though it uses more or fewer words or puts the ideas in a different order. Often this is necessary in order to make the original message clear in the target language.
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#### Level One
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Although members of the translation team have checked the translation for accuracy with each other during the [Oral Partner Check](../peer-check/01.md), the translation will continue to improve as it is checked by many people, especially by pastors and church leaders. Each passage or book can be checked by one church leader, or, if many leaders are available, there can be several church leaders checking each passage or book. Having more than one person checking a story or passage can be helpful, because often different checkers will notice different things.
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The people who do the Level One accuracy check can be members of the translation team, but they should <u>not</u> be the same people who translated the story or Bible passage that they are checking. They can also be members of the community who are not part of the translation team. They should be speakers of the language of the translation, be respected in the community, and, if possible, know the Bible well in the language of wider communication. The purpose of this step is to make sure that the translation accurately communicates the meaning of the original story or Bible passage. The checkers will be helping the translation team think about the best way to translate the meaning of the story or Bible passage in their own language. There can be one person who checks a story or Bible passage, or more than one. Having more than one person checking a story or passage can be helpful, because often different checkers will notice different things.
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Those who do accuracy checking should be speakers of the language of the translation, be respected in the community, and know the Bible well in the source language. They should not be the same people who translated the passage or book that they are checking. The accuracy checkers will be helping the translation team make sure that the translation says everything that the source says, and that it does not add things that are not part of the source message. Keep in mind, however, that accurate translations also might include [Implicit Information](../../translate/figs-explicit/01.md).
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#### Levels Two and Three
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It is true that the language community members who do the [Language Community Check](../language-community-check/01.md) *must not* look at the source text while they check the translation for naturalness and clarity. But for accuracy testing, the accuracy checkers *must* look at the source text so that they can compare it with the new translation.
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The people who do the Level Two or Level Three accuracy check should not be members of the translation team. They should be church leaders who speak the language of the translation and who know the Bible well in the source language. It is true that the language community members who do the [Language Community Check](../language-community-check/01.md) *must not* look at the source text while they check the translation for naturalness and clarity. But for accuracy testing, the accuracy checkers *must* look at the source text so that they can compare it with the new translation.
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The people doing accuracy checking should follow these steps:
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#### All Levels
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The people doing the checking should follow these steps:
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1. Each of the checkers should read the translation (or listen to the recording) by himself, comparing it to the original Bible passage or story in the language of wider communication. It can be helpful for the translator to read the translation out loud to the checker while the checker follows along looking at the source Bible or Bibles. As the checker reads (or listens to) the translation and compares it to the source, he should keep in mind these general questions:
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1. Each of the accuracy checkers should read the translation (or listen to the recording) by himself, comparing it to the original Bible passage or story in the source language. The checker can do this using translationStudio. It can be helpful for the translator to read the translation out loud to the checker while the checker follows along looking at the source Bible or Bibles. As the checker reads (or listens to) the translation and compares it to the source, he should keep in mind these general questions:
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* Does the translation add anything to the original meaning? (The original meaning also includes [Implicit Information](../../translate/figs-explicit/01.md).)
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* Is there any part of the meaning that is left out of the translation?
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* Has the translation changed the meaning in any way?
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* Has the translation changed the meaning in any way?
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1. It can be helpful to read or listen to the Bible passage several times. You might not notice everything the first time through a passage or verse. This is especially true if the translation puts ideas or parts of a sentence in a different order than in the source. You may need to check for one part of the sentence, then read or listen again to check for another part of the sentence. When you have read or listened to the passage as many times as it takes to find all of its parts, then you can move to the next passage. For more ways to check if the translation is complete, see [complete](../complete/01.md).
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1. The checker should make notes where he thinks there might be a problem or something to be improved. Each checker will discuss these notes with the translation team.
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1. After the checkers have checked a Bible Story or chapter individually, they should all meet with the translator or translation team and review the story or Bible passage together. As they come to the places where each checker made note of a problem or question, the checkers can ask their questions or make suggestions for improvement. As the checkers and the translation team discuss the questions and suggestions, they might think of other questions or new ways of saying things. This is good. As the checkers and the translation team work together, God will help them discover the best way to communicate the meaning of the story or Bible passage.
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1. After the checkers have checked a chapter or book of the Bible individually, they should all meet with the translator or translation team and review the chapter or book together. If possible, project the translation on the wall so that everyone can see it. As the team comes to the places where each checker made note of a problem or question, the checkers can ask their questions or make suggestions for improvement. As the checkers and the translation team discuss the questions and suggestions, they might think of other questions or new ways of saying things. This is good. As the checkers and the translation team work together, God will help them discover the best way to communicate the meaning of the story or Bible passage.
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1. After the checkers and the translation team have decided what they need to change, the translation team will revise the translation.
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1. After the checkers and the translation team have decided what they need to change, the translation team will revise the translation. They can do this right away during the meeting if all are in agreement about the change.
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1. After the translation team revises the translation, they should read it out loud to each other or to other members of the language community to make sure that it still sounds natural in their language.
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1. The translator (or team) makes a note of any Bible passages that are still difficult to understand, and where they would like additional help from other Bible checkers. These notes will be used by the church leaders and checkers in levels two and three, so that they can help the translators understand the meaning and communicate it more clearly.
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1. If there are any Bible passages or verses that are still difficult to understand, the translation team should make a note of the difficulty. The translation team can assign these problems to members to do more research in Bible translation helps or commentaries to find the answer, or they can ask for additional help from other Bible checkers or consultants. When the members have discovered the meaning, the translation team can meet again to decide on how to express that meaning naturally and clearly in their language.
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##### Additional Questions
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#### In order to use the Alignment Tool to do Validation Checking:
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1. Load the translation of the Bible book that you want to check into translationCore.
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1. Choose the alignment tool.
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1. Navigate through the verses using the menu of chapters and verses on the left side.
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* When you click on a verse in the menu list to open it, the words of that verse appear in a vertical list, ordered from top to bottom, just to the right of the list of chapters and verses. Each word is in a separate box.
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* The words of the original language (Greek, Hebrew, or Aramaic) text for that verse are also in separate boxes in a field to the right of the target language word list. There is a space under each of the original language word boxes outlined with a dotted line.
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1. In each verse, drag the target language words in the word bank onto the space below the original language words that express that same meaning.
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* To drag a word, click and hold down the button as you move each word box of the target language into the space under the word box of the source (original) text that the word corresponds to. Drop the target language word by releasing the mouse button.
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* When the target language word is over a word box of the original, the dotted outline will turn blue to let you know that the word will drop there. If you make a mistake or decide that the target word belongs somewhere else, simply drag it again to where it belongs. Target language words can also be dragged back to the list.
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* If there are repeated words in a verse, make sure to drag only the words that correspond to that part of the meaning of the original language verse. Then drag the repeated words to the place in the original verse where that meaning is repeated.
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* When the same target language word occurs more than once in a verse, each instance of the word will have a small superscript number after it. This number will help you to align each repeated target word to the correct original word in the correct order.
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* You may need to combine original language words and/or target language words in order to make groups of words that have equivalent meanings. The goal of aligning is to match the smallest group of target language words to the smallest group of original language words that have the same meaning.
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When you have finished this process for a verse, it should be easy to see if there are words left over in either the target word bank or the original language pane.
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* If there are target language words left over, this may mean that there is something that has been added that does not belong in the translation. If the left-over words are expressing implied information, then they are not really extra and could be aligned to the word or words that they are explaining.
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* If there are original language words left over, this may mean that the translation needs to include a translation of these words.
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* If you determine that the translation has words that it should not have or is missing a translation of some words of the original text, then someone will need to edit the translation. You can either make a comment to tell someone else what is wrong with the translation, or you can edit the translation directly in the Alignment Tool.
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#### Alignment Philosophy
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The Alignment Tool supports one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many alignments. That means that one or more target langage words can be aligned to one or more original language words, as necessary to get the most accurate alignment of the **meaning** conveyed by the two languages. Do not be concerned if the target language uses more or fewer words than the original language to express something. Because languages are different, that is to be expected. With the Alignment Tool, we are really aligning **meaning**, not just words. It is most important that the target translation express the **meaning** of the original Bible well, no matter how many words it takes to do that. By aligning the target language words that express the original language **meaning**, we can see if all of the original language **meaning** is there in the translation.
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Because each target language will have different requirements for sentence structure and the amount of explicit information that must be provided, there will often be some target language words that do not have an exact match to any original language words. If these words are there to give information that the sentence needs in order to make sense, or to provide some implicit information that is necessary for understanding the sentence, then the target words that are provided should be aligned with the original language word that implies them, or that they help to explain.
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#### Merge and Unmerge Instructions
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* To align multiple target language words to a single original language word, simply drag and drop the target language words onto the box below the desired original language word.
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* When it is desired to align target language word(s) to a combination of original language words, first drag one of the combination original language words into the same box as the other original language word. Multiple original language words can be merged together in this fashion.
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* To unmerge previously merged original language words, drag the rightmost original language word slightly to the right. A small new alignment box will appear, and the unmerged original language word can be dropped into that box.
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* The leftmost original language word can also be unmerged by dragging and dropping it into the original language word box immediately to its left.
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* Any target language words that were aligned with that original language word then return to the word list.
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* The original language words should remain in the proper order. If the merge contains 3 or more original language words, unmerge the rightmost original language word first. Un-merging the center word(s) first may result in the original language words becoming out of order. When that happens, unmerge the remaining words in that box to properly return the original language words to their original order.
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### Explanation
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The Church in each people group has the authority to decide for themselves what is and what is not a good quality translation of the Bible in their language. Authority to check and approve a Bible translation (which is constant) is separate from capacity, or the ability to carry out the process of checking a Bible translation (which can be increased). The authority for determining quality belongs to the Church, independent of their current ability, experience, or access to resources that facilitate the checking of Bible translations. So while the church in a language group has the authority to check and approve their own Bible translation, the unfoldingWord tools, including these modules of translationAcademy, are designed to ensure that the church also has the capacity to check the quality of their Bible translation using an excellent process.
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#### Accountability
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This model proposes a three-tiered approach to affirming the quality of a translation, designed to reflect three general levels of Church authority within a people group:
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The Bible belongs to the Church historic (throughout history) and universal (throughout the world). Every part of the Church is accountable to every other part of the Church in how we interpret, proclaim, and live what the Bible says. In regard to Bible translation, each language of the world will have its own way of expressing the meaning that the Bible contains. Even so, the part of the Church that speaks each language is accountable to the other parts of the Church for how they express that meaning. For that reason, those who translate the Bible must study how others have translated it. They must be guided by and open to correction from others who are experts in biblical languages and how the Church has understood and interpreted the Bible through history.
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* [Authority Level 1](../authority-level1/01.md): Determined by the Church-based translation team
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* [Authority Level 2](../authority-level2/01.md): Determined by the agreement of pastors/elders who are members of different Church networks in the language group, and tested with the language community
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* [Authority Level 3](../authority-level3/01.md): Determined by the leadership of Church networks with a presence in the people group that speaks the language
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#### Authority and Capacity
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The process for checking a translation will be described in the modules under the heading “Checking Process.”
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With the above understanding, we also affirm that the church that speaks each language has the authority to decide for themselves what is and what is not a good quality translation of the Bible in their language. Authority to check and approve a Bible translation (which is constant) is separate from capacity, or the ability to carry out the process of checking a Bible translation (which can be increased). The authority for determining the quality of a Bible translation belongs to the church that speaks the language of the translation, independent of their current ability, experience, or access to resources that facilitate the checking of the Bible translation. So while the church in a language group has the authority to check and approve their own Bible translation, the unfoldingWord tools, including these modules of translationAcademy, are designed to ensure that each church also has the capacity to check the quality of their Bible translation using an excellent process. These tools are designed to give the church in each language group access to some of what Bible experts have said about the Bible and how those in other parts of the Church have translated it into other languages.
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The process for checking a translation will be described in the Process Manual of translationAcademy.
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### How to do a Church Leader Check
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### Accuracy Checking by Church Leaders
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After the translation has been checked by community members for clarity, it will be checked by a group of church leaders for accuracy. This group must consist of at least three church leaders who are native speakers of the target language, and who understand well one of the languages in which the source text is available. They should not be related to, or otherwise closely connected with, the translation team. Usually these reviewers will be pastors. These church leaders should represent the different church networks in the language community. We recommend that the group includes church leaders from three different church networks, if the community has that many.
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After the translation has been checked by community members for clarity and naturalness, it will be checked by church leaders for accuracy. These are the guidelines for these church leaders who do the accuracy checking. They should be mother-tongue speakers of the target language and also understand well one of the languages in which the source text is available. They should not be the same people who did the translation. They should be church leaders who know the Bible well. Usually these reviewers will be pastors. These church leaders should represent as many of the different church networks in the language community as possible.
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These reviewers should follow these steps:
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1. Read the [Translation Guidelines](../../intro/translation-guidelines/01.md) to make sure that the translation is in agreement with both of those as they review the translation.
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1. Read the [Translation Guidelines](../../intro/translation-guidelines/01.md) to make sure that the translation is in agreement with these as they review the translation.
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1. Answer the questions about the translator or translation team that are located at [Translator Qualifications](../../translate/qualifications/01.md).
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1. Verify that the translation has been done in a style that is acceptable to the intended audience by asking the questions at [Acceptable Style](../acceptable/01.md).
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1. Verify that the translation accurately communicates the meaning of the source text by following the guidelines at [Accuracy Check](../accuracy-check/01.md).
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1. Verify that the translation is complete by following the guidelines at [Complete Translation](../complete/01.md).
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1. After you have reviewed several chapters or one book of the Bible, meet with the translation team and ask about each problem. Discuss with the translation team how they might adjust the translation in order to fix the problems. Make plans to meet again with the translation team at a later time, after they have had time to adjust the translation and test it with the community.
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1. After you, the accuracy checker, have reviewed several chapters or one book of the Bible, meet with the translation team and ask about each problem that you have discovered. Discuss with the translation team how they might adjust the translation in order to fix each problem. Make plans to meet again with the translation team at a later time, after they have had time to adjust the translation and test it with the community.
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1. Meet again with the translation team to verify that they have fixed the problems.
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1. Affirm that the translation is good. See [Level 2 Affirmation](../good/01.md) to do that on the Level Two Affirmation page.
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1. Affirm that the translation is good on the [Accuracy Affirmation](../good/01.md) page.
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Church Leader Check
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Accuracy Check
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### A Clear Translation
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Ask yourself questions like the following as you read the translation to see if the translated message is clear. For this section of testing, do not compare the new translation with the source language translation. If there is a problem at any place, make a note of it so that you can discuss the problem with the translation team at a later time.
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A translation should be clear. That means that someone reading or hearing it can easily understand what it is trying to say. It is possible to see if a translation is clear by reading it to yourself. But it is even better if you read it out loud to someone else from the language community. As you read the translation, ask yourself, or ask the person that you are reading to, questions like the following to see if the translated message is clear. For this section of testing, do not compare the new translation with the source language translation. If there is a problem at any place, make a note of it so that you can discuss the problem with the translation team at a later time.
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1. Do the words and phrases of the translation make the message understandable? (Are the words confusing, or do they tell you plainly what the translator means?)
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1. Do your community members use the words and expressions found in the translation, or has the translator borrowed many words from the national language? (Is this the way your people talk when they want to say important things in your language?)
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1. Can you read the text easily and understand what the writer might say next? (Is the translator using a good style of telling the story? Is he telling things in a way that makes sense, so that each section fits with what came before and what comes after?)
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1. Can you read the text easily and understand what the writer might say next? (Is the translator using a good style of telling the story? Is he telling things in a way that makes sense, so that each section fits with what came before and what comes after? Do you have to stop and read part of it again in order to understand it?)
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Additional help:
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* One way to determine if the text is clear is to read a few verses at a time out loud and ask someone listening to retell the story after each section. If the person can easily restate your message, then the writing is clear.
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* One way to determine if the text is clear is to read a few verses at a time out loud and ask someone listening to retell the story after each section. If the person can easily restate your message, then the writing is clear. For other methods of testing the translation, see [Other Methods](.../other-methods/01.md).
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* If there is a place where the translation is not clear, make a note of that so that you can discuss it with the translation team.
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### While Translating
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After you have translated several chapters, the translation team may need to revise some of these decisions to take care of problems that they discovered while translating. You can also do consistency checks in ParaTExt at this time to see if there are more decisions that you need to make about spelling and punctuation.
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After you have translated several chapters, the translation team may need to revise some of these decisions to take care of problems that they discovered while translating. If ParaTExt is available to you, you can also do consistency checks in ParaTExt at this time to see if there are more decisions that you need to make about spelling and punctuation.
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### After Finishing a Book
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### Proper Documentation for Level Two Affirmation
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### Documentation for Affirmation of Accuracy and Community Evaluation
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We, as church leaders in our language community, affirm the following:
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1. The community approves of the translation.
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1. The community evaluation form has been completed.
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If there are any remaining problems, make a note of them here for the attention of the Level Three Checkers.
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If there are any remaining problems, make a note of them here for the attention of the Validation Checkers.
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Names and positions of the level 2 checkers:
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Names and positions of the Accuracy checkers:
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* Name:
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* Position:
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Level 2 Affirmation
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Accuracy Affirmation
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These people will go throughout the language community and check the translation with members of the language community. It is best if they do this checking with a variety of people, including young and old, male and female, and speakers from various parts of the language area. This will help the translation to be understandable to everyone.
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For this check you will read or play a recording of a section of the translation to members of the language community. Before you read or play the translation, tell the people listening that you want them to stop you if they hear something that is not natural in their language. (For more information on how to check a translation for naturalness, see [Natural Translation](../natural/01.md).) When they stop you, ask what was not natural, and ask how they would say it in a more natural way. Write down or record their answer, along with the chapter and verse where this phrase was, so that the translation team can consider using this way of saying the phrase in the translation.
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To check a translation for naturalness and clarity, it is not helpful to compare it to the source language. During these checks with the community, no one should look at the source language Bible. People will look at the source language Bible again for other checks, such as the check for accuracy, but not during these checks.
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There are also a set of questions and answers for each *Open Bible Story* and for each chapter of the Bible that you can use to test the translation to make sure that it is communicating clearly. (See http://ufw.io/tq/ for the questions.)
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To check for naturalness, you will read or play a recording of a section of the translation to members of the language community. Before you read or play the translation, tell the people listening that you want them to stop you if they hear something that is not natural in their language. (For more information on how to check a translation for naturalness, see [Natural Translation](../natural/01.md).) When they stop you, ask what was not natural, and ask how they would say it in a more natural way. Write down or record their answer, along with the chapter and verse where this phrase was, so that the translation team can consider using this way of saying the phrase in the translation.
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To check the translation for clarity, there is a set of questions and answers for each *Open Bible Story* and for each chapter of the Bible that you can use. When members of the language community can answer the questions easily, you will know that the translation is clear. (See http://ufw.io/tq/ for the questions.)
|
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To use these questions, follow these steps:
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@ -17,13 +19,16 @@ To use these questions, follow these steps:
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||||
3. After each question, a member of the language community will answer the question. If the person only answers with a “yes” or a “no,” then the questioner should ask a further question so that he can be sure that the translation is communicating well. A further question could be something like, “How do you know that?” or “What part of the translation tells you that?”
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||||
|
||||
4. Write down or record the answer that the person gives, along with the chapter and verse of the Bible or story and frame number of *Open Bible Stories* that you are talking about. If the person’s answer is similar to the suggested answer that has been provided for the question, then the translation is clearly communicating the right information at that point. The answer does not have to be exactly the same as the suggested answer to be a right answer, but it should give basically the same information. Sometimes the suggested answer is very long. If the person answers with only part of the suggested answer, that is also a right answer.
|
||||
4. Write down or record the answer that the person gives, along with the chapter and verse of the Bible or the story and frame number of *Open Bible Stories* that you are talking about. If the person’s answer is similar to the suggested answer that has been provided for the question, then the translation is clearly communicating the right information at that point. The answer does not have to be exactly the same as the suggested answer to be a right answer, but it should give basically the same information. Sometimes the suggested answer is very long. If the person answers with only part of the suggested answer, that is also a right answer.
|
||||
|
||||
5. If the answer is unexpected or very different than the suggested answer, or if the person cannot answer the question, then the translation team will need to revise the part of the translation that communicates that information so that it communicates the information more clearly.
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||||
|
||||
6. After the translation team has revised the translation of a passage, then ask some other members of the language community the same questions for that passage, that is, ask other speakers of the language who have not been involved in checking that same passage before. If they answer the questions correctly, then the translation of that passage is now communicating well.
|
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6. Be sure to ask the same questions to several people in the language community, including male and female and young and old, as well as people from different areas of the language community, if possible. If several people have difficulty answering the same question, then there is probably a problem with that part of the translation. Make a note of the difficulty or misunderstanding that the people have, so that the translation team can revise the translation and make it more clear.
|
||||
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7. Repeat this process with each story or Bible chapter until members of the language community can answer the questions well, showing that the translation is communicating the right information clearly. The translation is ready for the pastor's accuracy check when language community members who have not heard the translation before can answer the questions correctly.
|
||||
7. After the translation team has revised the translation of a passage, then ask some other members of the language community the same questions for that passage, that is, ask other speakers of the language who have not been involved in checking that same passage before. If they answer the questions correctly, then the translation of that passage is now communicating well.
|
||||
|
||||
8. Go to the Community Evaluation page and answer the questions there. (see [Language Community Evaluation Questions](../community-evaluation/01.md))
|
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8. Repeat this process with each story or Bible chapter until members of the language community can answer the questions well, showing that the translation is communicating the right information clearly. The translation is ready for the church leader's accuracy check when language community members who have not heard the translation before can answer the questions correctly.
|
||||
|
||||
9. Go to the Community Evaluation page and answer the questions there. (see [Language Community Evaluation Questions](../community-evaluation/01.md))
|
||||
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||||
For more information about making a clear translation, see [Clear](../clear/01.md). There are also methods other than the Translation Questions that you can use to check a translation with the community. For these other methods, see [Other Methods](../other-methods/01.md).
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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|||
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||||
### Proper Documentation for Level Three Affirmation
|
||||
### Validation Approval
|
||||
|
||||
I, as a representative of the *<u>fill in name of church network or Bible translation organization</u>* Church Network or Bible translation organization serving the *<u>fill in the name of the language community</u>* language community, approve of the translation, and affirm the following:
|
||||
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||||
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|
|
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@ -1 +1 @@
|
|||
How can I affirm a Level 3 approval of the translation?
|
||||
How can I affirm a translation after Validation Checking?
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||||
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@ -1 +1 @@
|
|||
Level 3 Approval
|
||||
Validation Approval
|
||||
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@ -1,25 +1,28 @@
|
|||
|
||||
### Questions for Level Three
|
||||
### Questions for Validation Checking
|
||||
|
||||
These are the questions for the Level Three checkers to keep in mind as they read the new translation.
|
||||
These are the questions for those doing validation checking to keep in mind as they read the new translation.
|
||||
|
||||
You can answer these questions after you read portions of the translation or as you come across problems in the text. If you answer “no” to any of these questions in the first group, please explain in more detail, include the specific passage that you feel is not right, and give your recommendation for how the translation team should correct it.
|
||||
|
||||
Keep in mind that the goal of the translation team is to express the meaning of the source text in a natural and clear way in the target language. This means that they may have needed to change the order of some clauses and that they had to represent many single words in the source language with multiple words in the target language. These things are not considered to be problems in Other Language (OL) translations. The only times that translators should avoid making these changes is for Gateway Language (GL) translations of the ULT and UST. The purpose of the ULT is to show the OL translator how the original biblical languages expressed the meaning, and the purpose of the UST is to express that same meaning in simple, clear forms, even though it might be more natural to use an idiom in the OL. GL translators need to remember those guidelines. But for OL translations, the goal is always to be natural and clear.
|
||||
Keep in mind that the goal of the translation team is to express the meaning of the source text in a natural and clear way in the target language. This means that they may have needed to change the order of some clauses and that they had to represent many single words in the source language with multiple words in the target language. These things are not considered to be problems in Other Language (OL) translations. The only times that translators should avoid making these changes is for Gateway Language (GL) translations of the ULT and UST. The purpose of the ULT is to show the OL translator how the original biblical languages expressed the meaning, and the purpose of the UST is to express that same meaning in simple, clear forms, even though it might be more natural to use an idiom in the OL. GL translators need to remember those guidelines. But for OL translations, the goal is always to be natural and clear, as well as accurate.
|
||||
|
||||
Also keep in mind that the translators may have included information that the original audience would have understood from the original message, but that the original author did not state explicitly. When this information is necessary for the target audience to understand the text, it is good to include it explicitly. For more about this, see [Implicit and Explicit Information](../../translate/figs-explicit/01.md).
|
||||
|
||||
#### Validation Questions
|
||||
|
||||
1. Does the translation conform to the Statement of Faith and Translation Guidelines?
|
||||
1. Did the translation team show a good understanding of the source language as well as the target language and culture?
|
||||
1. Does the language community affirm that the translation speaks in a clear and natural way in their language?
|
||||
1. Is the translation [complete](../complete/01.md) (Does it have all of the verses, events, and information as the source)?
|
||||
1. Which of the following translation styles did the translators appear to follow?
|
||||
|
||||
1. word-by-word translation, staying very close to the form of the source translation
|
||||
1. phrase by phrase translation, using natural language phrase structures
|
||||
1. meaning-focused translation, aiming for a freedom of local language expression
|
||||
|
||||
1. phrase-by-phrase translation, using natural language phrase structures
|
||||
1. meaning-focused translation, aiming for a freedom of local language expression
|
||||
|
||||
1. Do the community leaders feel that the style that the translators followed (as identified in question 4) is appropriate for the community?
|
||||
1. Do the community leaders feel that the dialect that the translators used is the best one to communicate to the wider language community? For example, have the translators used expressions, phrase connectors, and spellings that will be recognized by most people in the language community?
|
||||
1. Do the community leaders feel that the dialect that the translators used is the best one to communicate to the wider language community? For example, have the translators used expressions, phrase connectors, and spellings that will be recognized by most people in the language community? For more ways to explore this question, see [Acceptable Style](../acceptable/01.md).
|
||||
1. As you read the translation, think about cultural issues in the local community that might make some passages in the book difficult to translate. Has the translation team translated these passages in a way that makes the message of the source text clear, and avoids any misunderstanding that people might have because of the cultural issue?
|
||||
1. In these difficult passages, do the community leaders feel that the translator has used language that communicates the same message that is in the source text?
|
||||
1. In your judgment, does the translation communicate the same message as the source text? If any part of the translation causes you to answer “no,” please answer the second group of questions below.
|
||||
|
|
@ -33,4 +36,4 @@ If you answer “yes” to any of the questions in this second group, please exp
|
|||
|
||||
If there were problems with the translation, make plans to meet with the translation team and resolve these problems. After you meet with them, the translation team may need to check their revised translation with the community leaders to make sure that it still communicates well, and then meet with you again.
|
||||
|
||||
When you are ready to approve the translation, go here: [Level 3 Approval](../level3-approval/01.md).
|
||||
When you are ready to approve the translation, go here: [Validation Approval](../level3-approval/01.md).
|
||||
|
|
@ -1 +1 @@
|
|||
What do I look for in a level 3 check?
|
||||
What do I look for in a Validation check?
|
||||
|
|
@ -1 +1 @@
|
|||
Questions for Checking on Level Three
|
||||
Questions for Validation Checking
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
|
|||
|
||||
### Checking Level Three - Authenticated Check
|
||||
### Validation Checking
|
||||
|
||||
Level Three checking will be done by groups or organizations that are recognized by the churches in a language community. The leaders from these groups will verify that they approve of the distribution and use of the translation among the people affiliated with them. This approval is not required for distribution of the translation, but rather serves to validate it.
|
||||
Validation Checking will be done by people who are chosen by the church leaders in the language community. These people are first-language speakers of the target language, are knowledgeable about the Bible, and their opinions are respected by the church leaders. If possible, they should be people who are trained in biblical languages and content and translation principles. When these people affirm the translation, the church leaders will approve of the distribution and use of the translation among the people affiliated with them.
|
||||
|
||||
Those who do Level Three checking need to be other than the people who did Level Two checking.
|
||||
If these people do not exist in the language community, then the translation team will prepare a [backtranslation](../vol2-backtranslation/01.md) so that Bible experts from outside of the language community can do the Validation Checking.
|
||||
|
||||
The intent of this level is to affirm the alignment of the translation with the intent of the original texts and the sound doctrine of the Church historic and universal, through the review and affirmation by the leadership of the Church that speaks the language. Level 3 is thus achieved by the mutual agreement of the leadership of multiple church networks. The Church networks should be representative of the churches in the language community. Those checking the translation should be first-language speakers of the language, and those signing off on the check are those in leadership roles in the Church networks. A leader of a Church network who is also a first-language speaker of the language of the translation could both check the translation and sign off on its quality.
|
||||
Those who do Validation Checking should be other than the people who did the previous [Accuracy Checking](../accuracy-check/01.md).
|
||||
|
||||
Level 3 is completed when the translation has been thoroughly checked and approved by the leadership (or their delegates) of at least two church networks that have personnel trained in biblical languages and content.
|
||||
The purpose of Validation Checking is to ensure that the translation accurately communicates the message of the original biblical texts and reflects the sound doctrine of the Church through history and throughout the world. After Validation Checking, the leaders of the churches that speak the target language affirm that the translation is trustworthy for their people.
|
||||
|
||||
To proceed with Level Three checking, go to [Questions for Checking on Level Three](../level3-questions/01.md).
|
||||
It is best if the leaders from every Church network in the language community can appoint or approve some of the people who will do the Validation Checking. In that way, all of the church leaders will be able to affirm that the translation is trustworthy and useful for all of the churches of the community.
|
||||
|
||||
The tool that we recommend for Validation Checking is the Alignment Tool in translationCore. To learn more, go to [Alignment Tool](../alignment-tool/01.md).
|
||||
|
||||
To proceed with Validation Checking, go to [Questions for Validation Checking](../level3-questions/01.md).
|
||||
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
To translate the Bible so that it is NATURAL means that:
|
||||
|
||||
The translation should sound like it was written by a member of the target language community—not by a foreigner.
|
||||
The translation should sound like it was written by a member of the target language community—not by a foreigner. The translation should say things in the way that speakers of the target language say them. When a translation is natural, it is much easier to understand.
|
||||
|
||||
To check a translation for naturalness, it is not helpful to compare it to the source language. During this check for naturalness, no one should look at the source language Bible. People will look at the source language Bible again for other checks, such as the check for accuracy, but not during this check.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -4,8 +4,11 @@
|
|||
At this point, you have already gone through the steps of drafting your translation. Now you are ready for others to help you to check it, find any errors or problems, and make it better. To do so, follow these steps.
|
||||
|
||||
* Read your translation to a partner (a member of the translation team) who did not work on this passage.
|
||||
* The partner can listen first for naturalness and tell you which parts do not sound natural in your language. Together, you can think of how someone would say that meaning in your language.
|
||||
* Use those ideas to change the unnatural parts of your translation to be more natural.
|
||||
* Then read the passage to your partner again. This time, the partner can listen to the translation while following along in the source text.
|
||||
* The partner can listen first for naturalness (without looking at the source text) and tell you which parts do not sound natural in your language. Together, you can think of how someone would say that meaning in your language.
|
||||
* Use those ideas to change the unnatural parts of your translation to be more natural. For more information, see [Natural](../natural/01.md).
|
||||
* Then read the passage to your partner again. This time, the partner can check for accuracy by listening to the translation while following along in the source text. The purpose of this step is to make sure that the translation accurately communicates the meaning of the original story or Bible passage.
|
||||
* Your partner can tell you if there is any part where something was added, missing, or changed when compared to the source text.
|
||||
* Correct those parts of the translation.
|
||||
* It can also be useful to do accuracy checking with members of the community who are not part of the translation team. They should be speakers of the language of the translation, be respected in the community, and, if possible, know the Bible well in the source language. These checkers will be helping the translation team to think about the best way to translate the meaning of the story or Bible passage in their own language. Having more than one person checking a Bible passage in this way can be helpful, because often different checkers will notice different things.
|
||||
* For more help with checking for accuracy, see [Accuracy-Check](../accuracy-check/01.md).
|
||||
* If you are unsure about something, ask other members of the translation team.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue