Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
1CO	front	intro	e8ey			0		# Introduction to 1 Corinthians<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of 1 Corinthians<br><br>1. Divisions in the church (1:10-4:21)<br>1. Moral sins and irregularities (5:1-13)<br>1. Christians taking other Christians to court (6:1-20)<br>1. Marriage and related matters (7:1-40)<br>1. Misuse of Christian liberty; food sacrificed to idols, fleeing idolatry; women’s head coverings (8:1-13; 10:1-11:16)<br>1. Paul’s rights as an apostle (9:1-27)<br>1. The Lord’s Supper (11:17-34)<br>1. The gifts of the Holy Spirit (12:1-31)<br>1. Love (13:1-13)<br>1. The gifts of the Holy Spirit: prophecy and languages (14:1-40)<br>1. The resurrection of believers and the resurrection of Christ (15:1-58)<br>1. Closing: the contribution for Christians in Jerusalem, requests, and personal greetings (16:1-24)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 1 Corinthians?<br><br>Paul wrote 1 Corinthians. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>Paul started the church that met in Corinth. He was staying in the city of Ephesus when he wrote this letter.<br><br>### What is the Book of 1 Corinthians about?<br><br>1 Corinthians is a letter that Paul wrote to the believers who were in the city of Corinth. Paul had heard that there were problems among the believers there. They were arguing with each other. Some of them did not understand some of the Christian teachings. And some of them were behaving badly. In this letter, Paul responded to them and encouraged them to live in a way that pleased God.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “First Corinthians.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s First Letter to the Church in Corinth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was the city of Corinth like?<br><br>Corinth was a major city located in ancient Greece. Because it was near the Mediterranean Sea, many travelers and traders came to buy and sell goods there. This resulted in the city having people from many different cultures. The city was famous for having people who lived in immoral ways. The people worshipped Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. As part of the ceremonies honoring Aphrodite, her worshipers had sexual intercourse with temple prostitutes.<br><br>### What was the problem with meat sacrificed to idols?<br><br>Many animals were slaughtered and sacrificed to the false gods in Corinth. Priests and worshipers kept some of the meat. Much of the meat was sold in markets. Many Christians disagreed with each other over whether it was right for them to eat this meat, because it had been dedicated to a false god. Paul writes about this problem in 1 Corinthians.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How are the ideas of “holy” and “sanctify” represented in 1 Corinthians in the ULT?<br><br>The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, 1 Corinthians ULT uses the following principles:<br><br>* Sometimes the meaning in a passage implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the fact that God considers Christians to be sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another related fact is that God is perfect and faultless. A third fact is that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULT uses “holy,” “holy God,” “holy ones,” or “holy people.” (See: 1:2; 3:17)<br>* Sometimes the meaning in a passage indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULT uses “believer” or “believers.” (See: 6:1, 2; 14:33; 16:1, 15)<br>* Sometimes the meaning in the passage implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULT uses “set apart,” “dedicated to,” “reserved for,” or “sanctified.” (See: 1:2; 6:11; 7:14, 34)<br><br>The UST will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions.<br><br>### What is the meaning of “flesh?”<br><br>Paul frequently used the terms “flesh” or “fleshly” to refer to Christians who did sinful things. However, it is not the physical world that is evil. Paul also described Christians who lived in a righteous way as “spiritual.” This is because they did what the Holy Spirit taught them to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>### What did Paul mean by the expression “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.?<br><br>This kind of expression occurs in 1:2, 30, 31; 3:1; 4:10, 15, 17; 6:11, 19; 7:22; 9:1, 2; 11:11, 25; 12:3, 9, 13, 18, 25; 14:16; 15:18, 19, 22, 31, 58; 16:19, 24. Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. At the same time, he often intended other meanings as well. See, for example, “those who have been dedicated in Christ Jesus” (1:2), where Paul specifically meant that Christian believers have been dedicated to Christ.<br><br>Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Corinthians?<br><br>For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. Translators are advised to follow the modern versions of the Bible. However, if in the translators’ region there are Bibles that read according to older versions of the Bible, the translators can follow those. If so, these verses should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to 1 Corinthians.<br><br>* “Therefore glorify God with your body.” Some older versions read “Therefore glorify God with your body and in your spirit, which are God’s.” (6:20)<br>* “I did this even though I myself was not under the law” (9:20). Some older versions leave this passage out.<br>* “for the sake of conscience--the conscience of the other man.” Some older versions read “for the sake of conscience: for the earth and everything in it belong to the Lord: the conscience of the other man.” (10:28)<br>* “and that I give my body to be burned” (13:3). Some older versions read, “and that I give my body so that I might boast.”<br>* “But if anyone does not recognize this, let him not be recognized” (14:38). Some older versions read, “But if anyone is ignorant of this, let him be ignorant.”<br><br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])<br>
1CO	1	intro	ud5y			0		# 1 Corinthians 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The first three verses are a greeting. In the ancient Near East, this was a common way of starting a letter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 19, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Disunity<br>In this chapter, Paul scolds the church for being divided and for following different apostles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]])<br><br>### Spiritual gifts<br>Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities to help the church. The Holy Spirit gives these gifts to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. Paul lists spiritual gifts in Chapter 12. Some scholars believe the Holy Spirit gave some of these gifts only in the early church to help establish the developing church. Other scholars believe all the gifts of the Spirit are still available to help all Christians throughout the church history. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idioms<br><br>In this chapter, Paul refers to the return of Christ using two different phrases: “the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ” and “the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses rhetorical questions to scold the Corinthians for dividing into factions and for relying on human wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Stumbling block<br>A stumbling block is a rock people stumble over. Here it means the Jews find it hard to believe that God allowed his Messiah to be crucified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
1CO	1	1	e8j3		Παῦλος	1	Paul	Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Alternate translation: “I, Paul”
1CO	1	1	qp1n	translate-names	Σωσθένης, ὁ ἀδελφὸς	1	Sosthenes our brother	This indicates that both Paul and the Corinthians knew Sosthenes. Alternate translation: “Sosthenes the brother you and I know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO	1	2	r9kg		τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ…ἐν Κορίνθῳ	1	to the church of God at Corinth	Your language may have a particular way of introducing the intended audience. Alternate translation: “wrote this letter to you in Corinth who believe in God”
1CO	1	2	e75p		ἡγιασμένοις ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	those who have been sanctified in Christ Jesus	Here “sanctified” refers to people whom God has reserved to honor him. Alternate translation: “to those whom Christ Jesus has set apart for God” or “to those whom God has set apart for himself because they belong to Christ Jesus”
1CO	1	2	e8jw	figs-activepassive	τῇ οὔσῃ…κλητοῖς ἁγίοις	1	who are called to be saints	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has called to be holy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	1	2	l21m	figs-metonymy	τοῖς ἐπικαλουμένοις τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	those who call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ	The word “name” here is a metonym for person of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “who call on the Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	1	2	l9rq	figs-inclusive	αὐτῶν καὶ ἡμῶν	1	their Lord and ours	The word “ours” includes Paul’s audience. Jesus is the Lord of Paul and the Corinthians and all the churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO	1	3	gc2b			0	General Information:	Paul and Sosthenes wrote this letter to the Christians who belonged to the church in Corinth.
1CO	1	3	gc2c	figs-you		0	General Information:	Unless otherwise noted, such words as “you” and “your” refer to Paul’s audience and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	1	4	pt1r			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul describes the believer’s position and fellowship in Christ as they wait for his coming.
1CO	1	4	t16d	figs-metaphor	ἐπὶ τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ τῇ δοθείσῃ ὑμῖν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	because of the grace of God that was given to you in Christ Jesus	Paul speaks of grace as though it were a physical object that Jesus gives Christians as a gift. Alternate translation: “because Christ Jesus has made it possible for God to be kind to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	1	5	js7f		ἐπλουτίσθητε ἐν αὐτῷ	1	you have been made rich in him	Possible meanings are 1) “Christ has made you rich” or 2) “God has made you rich.”
1CO	1	5	jw1s	figs-hyperbole	ἐν παντὶ ἐπλουτίσθητε	1	in everything you have been made rich	Paul is speaking in general terms. Alternate translation: “made you rich with all kinds of spiritual blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CO	1	5	j48t		ἐν παντὶ λόγῳ	1	in all speech	God has enabled you to tell others about God’s message in many ways.
1CO	1	5	qy8c		πάσῃ γνώσει	1	all knowledge	God has enabled you to understand God’s message in many ways.
1CO	1	6	h9zk		τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐβεβαιώθη ἐν ὑμῖν	1	the testimony about Christ has been confirmed as true among you	Possible meanings are 1) “you saw for yourselves that what we had said about Christ was true” or 2) “other people learned from seeing how you now live that what we and you say about Christ is true.”
1CO	1	7	t2hd		ὥστε	1	Therefore	“Because what I have just said is true”
1CO	1	7	p5y6	figs-litotes	ὑμᾶς μὴ ὑστερεῖσθαι ἐν μηδενὶ χαρίσματι	1	you lack no spiritual gift	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you have every spiritual gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1CO	1	7	fe4q		τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ	Possible meanings are 1) “the time when God will reveal the Lord Jesus Christ” or 2) “the time when our Lord Jesus Christ will reveal himself.”
1CO	1	8	pif5		ἀνεγκλήτους	1	you will be blameless	There will be no reason for God to condemn you.
1CO	1	9	u6w6		πιστὸς ὁ Θεὸς	1	God is faithful	“God will do everything he has said he will do”
1CO	1	9	kx3z	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	his Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
1CO	1	10	spu8			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that they are to live in unity with each other and that the message of the cross of Christ, not baptism by people, is what saves.
1CO	1	10	k7gw		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1CO	1	10	sw54	figs-metonymy	διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	through the name of our Lord Jesus Christ	“Name” here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “by means of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	1	10	u4y2		ἵνα τὸ αὐτὸ λέγητε πάντες	1	that you all agree	“that you live in harmony with one another”
1CO	1	10	j75c		καὶ μὴ ᾖ ἐν ὑμῖν σχίσματα	1	that there be no divisions among you	“that you do not divide into separate groups among yourselves”
1CO	1	10	emt2		ἦτε…κατηρτισμένοι ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ νοῒ καὶ ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ γνώμῃ	1	be joined together with the same mind and by the same purpose	“live in unity”
1CO	1	11	e8jb		τῶν Χλόης	1	Chloe’s people	This refers to family members, servants, and others who are part of the household of which Chloe, a woman, is the head.
1CO	1	11	vbe6		ἔριδες ἐν ὑμῖν εἰσιν	1	there are factions among you	“you are in groups that quarrel one with another”
1CO	1	12	a57r		ἕκαστος ὑμῶν λέγει	1	Each one of you says	Paul is expressing a general attitude of division.
1CO	1	13	wf6r	figs-rquestion	μεμέρισται ὁ Χριστός?	1	Is Christ divided?	Paul wishes to emphasize the truth that Christ is not divided but one. “It is not possible to divide Christ in the way you are doing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	1	13	g5qh	figs-rquestion	μὴ Παῦλος ἐσταυρώθη ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν	1	Was Paul crucified for you?	Paul wishes to emphasize that it was Christ, not Paul or Apollos, who was crucified. This can also be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “It certainly was not Paul whom they put to death on the cross for your salvation!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	1	13	tb2i	figs-rquestion	εἰς τὸ ὄνομα Παύλου ἐβαπτίσθητε?	1	Were you baptized in the name of Paul?	Paul wishes to emphasize that we all are baptized in the name of Christ. This can also be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “It was not in the name of Paul that people baptized you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	1	13	zi1y	figs-metonymy	εἰς τὸ ὄνομα Παύλου	1	in the name of Paul	“In the name of” here is a metonym for “by the authority of.” Alternate translation: “by Paul’s authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	1	14	hhh8		οὐδένα ὑμῶν…εἰ μὴ	1	none of you, except	“only”
1CO	1	14	vqq6	translate-names	Κρίσπον	1	Crispus	He was a synagogue ruler who became a Christian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CO	1	14	lv4y	translate-names	Γάϊον	1	Gaius	He traveled with the Apostle Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CO	1	15	hv3m	figs-metonymy	ἵνα μή τις εἴπῃ, ὅτι εἰς τὸ ἐμὸν ὄνομα ἐβαπτίσθητε	1	This was so that no one would say that you were baptized into my name	Here “name” represents “authority.” This means Paul did not baptize others because they may claim that they became Paul’s disciples. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For some of you might have claimed that I baptized you to make you my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	1	16	ed59	translate-names	τὸν Στεφανᾶ οἶκον	1	the household of Stephanas	This refers to the family members and slaves in the house where Stephanas, a man, was the head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CO	1	17	tg7i		οὐ…ἀπέστειλέν με Χριστὸς βαπτίζειν	1	Christ did not send me to baptize	This means that baptism was not the primary goal of Paul’s ministry.
1CO	1	17	zn1n	figs-activepassive	σοφίᾳ λόγου…μὴ κενωθῇ ὁ σταυρὸς τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	clever speech…the cross of Christ should not be emptied of its power	Paul speaks of “words of human wisdom” as if they were people, the cross as a container, and of power as a physical thing that Jesus can put in that container. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “words of human wisdom…those words of human wisdom should not empty the cross of Christ of its power” or “words of human wisdom…people should not stop believing the message about Jesus and start thinking I am more important than Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	1	18	j7cw			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul emphasizes God’s wisdom rather than man’s wisdom.
1CO	1	18	fq4x		ὁ λόγος…ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ	1	the message about the cross	“the preaching about the crucifixion” or “the message of Christ’s dying on the cross”
1CO	1	18	p4wb		μωρία ἐστίν	1	is foolishness	“is senseless” or “is silly”
1CO	1	18	lq5z		τοῖς μὲν ἀπολλυμένοις	1	to those who are dying	Here “dying” refers to the process of spiritual death.
1CO	1	18	ji74		δύναμις Θεοῦ ἐστιν	1	it is the power of God	“it is God working powerfully in us”
1CO	1	19	tc6n		τὴν σύνεσιν τῶν συνετῶν ἀθετήσω	1	I will frustrate the understanding of the intelligent	“I will confuse intelligent people” or “I will make the plans intelligent people make completely fail”
1CO	1	20	m6tf	figs-rquestion	ποῦ σοφός? ποῦ γραμματεύς? ποῦ συνζητητὴς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου?	1	Where is the wise person? Where is the scholar? Where is the debater of this world?	Paul emphasizes that truly wise people are nowhere to be found. Alternate translation: “Compared with the wisdom of the gospel, there are no wise people, no scholars, no debaters!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	1	20	rkf9		γραμματεύς	1	the scholar	a person who is recognized as someone who has studied a great deal
1CO	1	20	u5j5		συνζητητὴς	1	the debater	a person who argues about what he knows or who is skilled in such arguments
1CO	1	20	a7zl	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ ἐμώρανεν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ κόσμου?	1	Has not God turned the wisdom of the world into foolishness?	Paul uses this question to emphasize what God has done to the wisdom of this world. Alternate translation: “God has shown that everything they call wisdom is really foolishness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	1	21	d7xw		τοὺς πιστεύοντας	1	those who believe	Possible meanings are 1) “all who believe the message” or 2) “all who believe in Christ.”
1CO	1	22	v9fa	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” refers to Paul and other Bible teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1CO	1	23	ntu3	figs-activepassive	Χριστὸν ἐσταυρωμένον	1	Christ crucified	“about Christ, who died on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	1	23	krw3	figs-metaphor	σκάνδαλον	1	a stumbling block	Just as a person can stumble over a block on a road, so the message of salvation through the crucifixion of the Christ keeps Jews from believing in Jesus. Alternate translation: “not acceptable” or “very offensive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	1	24	h7iw		αὐτοῖς…τοῖς κλητοῖς	1	to those whom God has called	“to the people God calls”
1CO	1	24	hu1s		Χριστὸν Θεοῦ δύναμιν, καὶ Θεοῦ σοφίαν	1	Christ as the power and the wisdom of God	Possible meanings are 1) “God acted powerfully and wisely by sending Christ to die for us” or “through Christ God has shown how strong and wise he is.”
1CO	1	24	w9vm		Θεοῦ δύναμιν	1	the power…of God	Another possible meaning is that Christ is powerful and it is through Christ that God saves us.
1CO	1	24	p1hu		Θεοῦ σοφίαν	1	the wisdom of God	Another possible meaning is that God shows the content of his wisdom through Christ.
1CO	1	25	h9hh	figs-irony	τὸ μωρὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, σοφώτερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐστίν, καὶ τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἰσχυρότερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	the foolishness of God is wiser than people, and the weakness of God is stronger than people	Possible meanings are 1) Paul is speaking ironically about God’s foolishness and weakness. Paul knows God is not foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what seems to be the foolishness of God is wiser than people’s wisdom, and what seems to be the weakness of God is stronger than the people’s strength” or 2) Paul is speaking from the point of view of the Greek people who may think God is foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what people call God’s foolishness is really wiser than what people call wisdom, and what people call God’s weakness is really stronger than people’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO	1	26	ps3r			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul emphasizes the believer’s position before God.
1CO	1	26	w6l1		οὐ πολλοὶ	1	Not many of you	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Very few of you”
1CO	1	26	pws2		σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα	1	wise according to the flesh	“what most people would call wise”
1CO	1	26	w8rv		εὐγενεῖς	1	of noble birth	“special because your family is important”
1CO	1	27	qv5l	figs-parallelism	ἐξελέξατο ὁ Θεός…τοὺς σοφούς…ἐξελέξατο ὁ Θεός…τὰ ἰσχυρά	1	God chose…wise. God chose…strong	Paul repeats many of the same words in two sentences that mean almost the same thing to emphasize the difference between God’s way of doing things and how people think God should do them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CO	1	27	b5n6		τὰ μωρὰ τοῦ κόσμου ἐξελέξατο ὁ Θεός, ἵνα καταισχύνῃ τοὺς σοφούς	1	God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise	“God chose to use those whom the world thinks are foolish to shame those whom the world thinks are wise”
1CO	1	27	tsv5		τὰ ἀσθενῆ τοῦ κόσμου ἐξελέξατο ὁ Θεός, ἵνα καταισχύνῃ τὰ ἰσχυρά	1	God chose what is weak in the world to shame what is strong	“God chose to use those whom the world thinks are weak to shame those whom the world thinks are strong”
1CO	1	28	k3kd		τὰ ἀγενῆ…καὶ τὰ ἐξουθενημένα	1	what is low and despised	the people whom the world rejects. Alternate translation: “people who are humble and rejected”
1CO	1	28	ald1	figs-activepassive	τὰ μὴ ὄντα	1	things that are regarded as nothing	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that which people usually regard as without value” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	1	28	gj19		μὴ ὄντα, ἵνα τὰ ὄντα καταργήσῃ	1	nothing, to bring to nothing things that are held as valuable	“nothing. He did this so he could show that the things that are held as valuable are really worthless”
1CO	1	28	f11p	figs-activepassive	τὰ μὴ ὄντα	1	things that are held as valuable	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “things that people think are worth money” or “things that people think are worth respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	1	30	fmr3		ἐξ αὐτοῦ	1	because of him	This refers to the work of Christ on the cross.
1CO	1	30	a7bs	figs-inclusive	ἡμῖν	1	us	These words refer to Paul, those with him, and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO	1	30	f1at	figs-metonymy	Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὃς ἐγενήθη σοφία ἡμῖν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ	1	Christ Jesus, who was made for us wisdom from God	Possible meanings are 1) “Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is” or 2) “Christ Jesus, who has given us God’s wisdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	1	31	fym9		ὁ καυχώμενος, ἐν Κυρίῳ καυχάσθω	1	Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord	“If a person boasts, he should boast about how great the Lord is”
1CO	2	intro	k86p			0		# 1 Corinthians 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verses 9 and 16, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom<br>Paul continues the discussion from the first chapter that contrasts human wisdom and God’s wisdom. For Paul, wisdom can be simple and human ideas foolish. He said the wisdom from the Holy Spirit is the only true wisdom. Paul uses the phrase “hidden wisdom” when he refers to previously unknown truths. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])<br>
1CO	2	1	kjc7			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul contrasts human wisdom and God’s wisdom. He emphasizes that spiritual wisdom comes from God.
1CO	2	1	qvj7		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1CO	2	2	a2g9	figs-hyperbole	ἔκρινά τι εἰδέναι…εἰ μὴ Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν	1	I decided to know nothing…except Jesus Christ	When Paul said that he “decided to know nothing” he exaggerated to emphasize that he decided focus on and teach about nothing other than Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “I decided to teach nothing…except Jesus Christ” or “I decided not to teach anything…except Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CO	2	3	s9lp		κἀγὼ…ἐγενόμην πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	I was with you	“I was visiting with you”
1CO	2	3	e8li		ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ	1	in weakness	Possible meanings are: 1) “physically weak” or 2) “feeling like I could not do what I needed to do.”
1CO	2	4	z81a		πειθοῖς σοφίας λόγοις	1	persuasive words of wisdom	words that sound wise and with which the speaker hopes to cause people to do or believe something
1CO	2	6	sg76			0	General Information:	Paul interrupts his main argument to explain what he means by “wisdom” and to whom he desires to speak.
1CO	2	6	azm7		δὲ λαλοῦμεν	1	Now we do speak	The word “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Paul begins to explain that true wisdom is God’s wisdom.
1CO	2	6	uka3	figs-abstractnouns	σοφίαν…λαλοῦμεν	1	speak wisdom	The abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as the adjective, “wise.” Alternate translation: “speak wise words” or “speak a wise message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CO	2	6	eq1q		τοῖς τελείοις	1	the mature	“mature believers”
1CO	2	7	k2ct		πρὸ τῶν αἰώνων	1	before the ages	“before God created anything”
1CO	2	7	q2z9		εἰς δόξαν ἡμῶν	1	for our glory	“in order to ensure our future glory”
1CO	2	8	zc89		τὸν Κύριον τῆς δόξης	1	the Lord of glory	“Jesus, the glorious Lord”
1CO	2	9	fu1y		ἃ ὀφθαλμὸς οὐκ…ἀνέβη, ἃ…ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτόν	1	Things that no eye…arisen, the things…who love him	This is an incomplete sentence. Some translations make it a complete sentence: “Things that no eye…imagined; these are the things…who love him.” Others leave it incomplete but show that it is incomplete by using non-final punctuation here and beginning the next verse as a continuation of this verse: “‘Things that no eye…imagined, the things…who love him’—”
1CO	2	9	j9ib	figs-metonymy	ἃ ὀφθαλμὸς οὐκ εἶδεν, καὶ οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσεν, καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη	1	Things that no eye has seen, no ear has heard, no mind has imagined	This is a triplet referring to all parts of a person to emphasize that no man has ever been aware of the things that God has prepared. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	2	9	t61v		ἃ ἡτοίμασεν ὁ Θεὸς τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτόν	1	the things that God has prepared for those who love him	The Lord has created in heaven wonderful surprises for those who love him.
1CO	2	11	h4p8	figs-rquestion	τίς γὰρ οἶδεν ἀνθρώπων τὰ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, εἰ μὴ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τὸ ἐν αὐτῷ?	1	For who knows a person’s thoughts except the spirit of the person in him?	Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one knows what a person is thinking except the person himself. Alternate translation: “No one knows what a person is thinking except that person’s spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	2	11	i47d		τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου	1	spirit of the person	This refers to a person’s inner being, his own spiritual nature.
1CO	2	11	gw3u	figs-doublenegatives	τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐδεὶς ἔγνωκεν, εἰ μὴ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	no one knows the deep things of God except the Spirit of God	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “only the Spirit of God knows the deep things of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1CO	2	12	zbv8	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” includes both Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO	2	12	n1c7	figs-activepassive	ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ χαρισθέντα ἡμῖν	1	freely given to us by God	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God freely gave to us” or “that God has kindly given us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	2	13	u797		ἐν διδακτοῖς Πνεύματος, πνευματικοῖς πνευματικὰ συνκρίνοντες	1	The Spirit interprets spiritual words with spiritual wisdom	The Holy Spirit communicates God’s truth to believers in the Spirit’s own words and gives them his own wisdom.
1CO	2	13	yg45		ἐν διδακτοῖς Πνεύματος, πνευματικοῖς πνευματικὰ συνκρίνοντες	1	The Spirit interprets spiritual words with spiritual wisdom	“The Spirit explains uses his own spiritual wisdom to explain spiritual words”
1CO	2	14	cve2	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word “we” includes both Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO	2	14	hq3u		ψυχικὸς…ἄνθρωπος	1	unspiritual person	the non-Christian person, who has not received the Holy Spirit
1CO	2	14	gwe3		ὅτι πνευματικῶς ἀνακρίνεται	1	because they are spiritually discerned	“because understanding these things requires the aid of the Spirit”
1CO	2	15	w4q7		ὁ…πνευματικὸς	1	the one who is spiritual	“The believer who has received the Spirit”
1CO	2	16	m4pu	figs-rquestion	τίς γὰρ ἔγνω νοῦν Κυρίου, ὃς συμβιβάσει αὐτόν?	1	For who can know the mind of the Lord, that he can instruct him?	Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one knows the mind of the Lord. No one is as wise as the Lord. Alternate translation: “No one can know the mind of the Lord, so no one can teach him anything he does not already know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	3	intro	g6ku			0		# 1 Corinthians 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verses 19 and 20.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Fleshly people<br>The Corinthian believers were immature because of their unrighteous actions. He calls them “fleshly,” meaning acting as nonbelievers. This term is used in opposition to those who are “spiritual.” Christians following their “flesh” are acting foolishly. They are following the wisdom of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>There are many metaphors in this chapter. Paul uses “babies” and “milk” to illustrate spiritual immaturity. He uses the metaphors of planting and watering to describe the roles he and Apollos played in growing the church in Corinth. Paul uses other metaphors to help teach spiritual truths to the Corinthians and to help them to understand his teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	1	a43d			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul now reminds the Corinthian believers of how they are actually living instead of behaving as their position before God is. He then reminds them that the person who teaches them is not as important as God who gives their growth.
1CO	3	1	r4iw		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1CO	3	1	jx17		πνευματικοῖς	1	spiritual people	people who obey the Spirit
1CO	3	1	r5w5		σαρκίνοις	1	fleshly people	people who follow their own desires
1CO	3	1	ja6t	figs-metaphor	ὡς νηπίοις ἐν Χριστῷ	1	as to little children in Christ	The Corinthians are compared to children very young in age and understanding. Alternate translation: “as to very young believers in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	2	vg2v	figs-metaphor	γάλα ὑμᾶς ἐπότισα, οὐ βρῶμα	1	I fed you milk, not solid food	The Corinthians can understand only easy truths like babies who can drink only milk. They are not mature enough to understand greater truths like older children who now can eat solid food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	2	vt3e	figs-explicit	οὐδὲ νῦν δύνασθε	1	you are not yet ready	It is implied that they are not ready to understand more difficult teachings. Alternate translation: “you still are not ready to understand the harder teachings about following Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO	3	3	m712		ἔτι…σαρκικοί	1	still fleshly	still behaving according to sinful or worldly desires
1CO	3	3	k5ll	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ σαρκικοί ἐστε καὶ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον περιπατεῖτε?	1	are you not living according to the flesh, and are you not walking by human standards?	Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for their sinful behavior. “Walking” here is a metaphor for “judging your behavior,” deciding what is good and bad. Alternate translation: “you should be ashamed because you are behaving according to your sinful desires and you are using human standards to decide whether your behavior is good or bad!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	4	s96g	figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἄνθρωποί ἐστε?	1	are you not living as human beings?	Paul is rebuking the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “you should be ashamed because you are living the same way people who do not have the Spirit live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	3	5	m463	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν ἐστιν Ἀπολλῶς? τί δέ ἐστιν Παῦλος?	1	Who then is Apollos? And who is Paul?	Paul is emphasizing that he and Apollos are not the original source of the gospel, and therefore the Corinthians should not follow them. Alternate translation: “It is wrong to form groups to follow Apollos or Paul!” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	3	5	lq6n	figs-rquestion	τί δέ ἐστιν Παῦλος?	1	And who is Paul?	Paul is speaking of himself as though he were speaking of someone else. Alternate translation: “I am not important!” or “Who am I?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1CO	3	5	qmy2	figs-ellipsis	διάκονοι δι’ ὧν ἐπιστεύσατε	1	Servants through whom you believed	Paul answers his own question by saying that he and Apollos are God’s servants. Alternate translation: “Paul and Apollos are servants of Christ, and you believed in Christ because we served him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO	3	5	f6wm	figs-ellipsis	διάκονοι δι’ ὧν ἐπιστεύσατε, καὶ ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ Κύριος ἔδωκεν	1	Servants through whom you believed, to each of whom the Lord gave tasks	This can be stated with the understood information. Alternate translation: “We are servants through whom youbelieved. We are only people to whom the Lord gave tasks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO	3	6	iah7	figs-metaphor	ἐγὼ ἐφύτευσα	1	I planted	The knowledge of God is compared to a seed which must be planted in order to grow. Alternate translation: “When I preached God’s word to you, I was like one who plants seeds in a garden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	6	gyi5	figs-metaphor	Ἀπολλῶς ἐπότισεν	1	Apollos watered	As seeds need water, faith needs further teaching in order for it to grow. Alternate translation: “and when Apollos continued to teach you God’s word, he was like one who waters a garden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	6	iq9n	figs-metaphor	ἀλλὰ ὁ Θεὸς ηὔξανεν	1	but God gave the growth	As plants grow and develop, so faith and knowledge in God also grow and become deeper and stronger. Alternate translation: “but God caused you to grow” or “but just as God causes plants to grow, he causes you to grow spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	7	dl3z		οὔτε ὁ φυτεύων ἐστίν τι…ἀλλ’ ὁ αὐξάνων, Θεός	1	neither he who plants is anything…but God is the one who causes the growth	Paul stresses that neither he nor Apollos is responsible for the believers’ spiritual growth, but it is God’s doing.
1CO	3	7	c68g	figs-abstractnouns	ὁ αὐξάνων, Θεός	1	but God is the one who causes the growth	Here to give growth means to cause growth. The abstract noun “growth” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “it is God who causes you to grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CO	3	8	s16b	figs-metaphor	ὁ φυτεύων…καὶ ὁ ποτίζων, ἕν εἰσιν	1	he who plants and he who waters are one	Paul speaks of telling people the good news and teaching those who have accepted it as if they were planting and watering plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	8	za43		ἕν εἰσιν	1	are one	Possible meanings are “one” are 1) “united in purpose” or 2) “equal in importance.”
1CO	3	8	zd36		μισθὸν	1	wages	an amount of money that a worker receives for his work
1CO	3	9	gj26	figs-exclusive	ἐσμεν	1	we are brutally beaten	This refers to Paul and Apollos but not the Corinthian church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1CO	3	9	r9sn		Θεοῦ…συνεργοί	1	God’s fellow workers	Paul considers himself and Apollos as working together.
1CO	3	9	lqg1	figs-metaphor	Θεοῦ γεώργιον	1	God’s garden	Possible meanings are 1) being God’s garden represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that belongs to God” or 2) being God’s garden represents God causing us to grow. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that God makes grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	9	l2fq	figs-metaphor	Θεοῦ οἰκοδομή	1	God’s building	Possible meanings are 1) being God’s building represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that belongs to God” or 2) being God’s building represents God causing us to become what he wants. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that God is constructing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	10	iln9	figs-activepassive	κατὰ τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι	1	According to the grace of God that was given to me	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “According to the task that God freely gave me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	3	10	a69q	figs-metaphor	θεμέλιον ἔθηκα	1	I laid a foundation	Paul equates his teaching of faith and salvation in Jesus Christ to laying a foundation for a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	10	pwi7	figs-metaphor	ἄλλος…ἐποικοδομεῖ	1	another is building on it	Paul is referring to the person or people who are teaching the Corinthians at that time as if they are carpenters who are constructing the building above the foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	10	px9c		ἕκαστος	1	each man	This refers to God’s workers in general. Alternate translation: “let each person who serves God”
1CO	3	11	jt2b	figs-activepassive	θεμέλιον…ἄλλον οὐδεὶς δύναται θεῖναι, παρὰ τὸν κείμενον	1	no one can lay a foundation other than the one that has been laid	This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “no one can lay a foundation other than the foundation that I, Paul, have laid” or “I have already laid the only foundation that anyone can lay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	3	12	np7c			0	General Information:	Paul speaks of what builders usually do when constructing a building to describe what the teachers in Corinth are actually doing. Builders usually only use gold, silver, or precious stones as decorations on buildings.
1CO	3	12	nbu2	figs-metaphor	εἰ δέ τις ἐποικοδομεῖ ἐπὶ τὸν θεμέλιον χρυσόν, ἄργυρον, λίθους τιμίους, ξύλα, χόρτον, καλάμην	1	Now if anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw	The building materials used to build a new building are being compared to the spiritual values used to build a person’s behavior and activities during his lifetime. Alternate translation: “Whether a person builds with valuable materials that will last or with cheap materials that burn easily” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	12	i14y		λίθους τιμίους	1	precious stones	“expensive stones”
1CO	3	13	t2mk	figs-activepassive	ἑκάστου τὸ ἔργον φανερὸν γενήσεται	1	his work will be revealed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will show everyone what the builder has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	3	13	mv14	figs-metaphor	ἡ γὰρ ἡμέρα δηλώσει	1	for the daylight will reveal it	The “daylight” here is a metaphor for the time when God will judge everyone. When God shows everyone what these teachers have done, it will be like the sun has come up to reveal what happened during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	13	ndu3	figs-metaphor	ὅτι ἐν πυρὶ ἀποκαλύπτεται; καὶ ἑκάστου τὸ ἔργον, ὁποῖόν ἐστιν, τὸ πῦρ αὐτὸ δοκιμάσει	1	For it will be revealed in fire. The fire will test the quality of what each one had done	Just as fire will reveal the strengths or destroy the weaknesses of a building, God’s fire will judge man’s efforts and activities. Alternate translation: “God will use fire to show the quality of his work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	3	14	t8yv			0	General Information:	The terms “a person” and “anyone’s” and “he” and “himself” refer to believers.
1CO	3	14	s4u3		τὸ ἔργον μενεῖ	1	work remains	“work lasts” or “work survives”
1CO	3	15	c2xj	figs-activepassive	εἴ τινος τὸ ἔργον κατακαήσεται	1	if anyone’s work is burned up	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if the fire destroys anyone’s work” or “if the fire ruins anyone’s work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	3	15	ups4	figs-abstractnouns	ζημιωθήσεται	1	he will suffer loss	The abstract noun “loss” can be expressed with the verb “lose.” Alternate translation: “he will lose his reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CO	3	15	w1zv	figs-activepassive	αὐτὸς δὲ σωθήσεται	1	but he himself will be saved	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but God will save him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	3	16	uq2g	figs-rquestion	οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ναὸς Θεοῦ ἐστε, καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν?	1	Do you not know that you are God’s temple and that the Spirit of God lives in you?	Paul is rebuking the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You act as though you do not know that you are God’s temple and the Spirit of God lives in you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	3	18	glg8		μηδεὶς ἑαυτὸν ἐξαπατάτω	1	Let no one deceive himself	Nobody should believe the lie that he himself is wise in this world.
1CO	3	18	p3wi		ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ	1	in this age	according to the way people who do not believe decide what is wise
1CO	3	18	s7xi	figs-irony	μωρὸς γενέσθω	1	let him become a “fool”	“that person should be willing to have people who do not believe call him a fool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO	3	19	zws3		ὁ δρασσόμενος τοὺς σοφοὺς ἐν τῇ πανουργίᾳ αὐτῶν	1	He catches the wise in their craftiness	God traps the people who think they are clever and uses their own schemes to trap them.
1CO	3	20	la6x		Κύριος γινώσκει τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς τῶν σοφῶν, ὅτι εἰσὶν μάταιοι	1	The Lord knows that the reasoning of the wise is futile	“The Lord knows that what people who think they are wise plan to do is futile”
1CO	3	20	kz2u		μάταιοι	1	futile	useless
1CO	3	23	nj48		ὑμεῖς δὲ Χριστοῦ, Χριστὸς δὲ Θεοῦ	1	you are Christ’s, and Christ is God’s	“you belong to Christ, and Christ belongs to God”
1CO	4	intro	vg5z			0		# 1 Corinthians 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pride<br>Paul contrasts the Corinthians being proud with the apostles being humble. The Corinthian believers had no reason to be proud. All that they had, and all they were, was a gift from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>Paul uses many metaphors in this chapter. He describes the apostles as servants. Paul speaks of a victory parade where the apostles are the prisoners who will be killed. He uses a rod to stand for punishment. He calls himself their father because he is their “spiritual father.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>### Irony<br>Paul uses irony to shame the Corinthians for being proud. The Corinthian believers are reigning but the apostles are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize important points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)<br>
1CO	4	1	k1v5			0	Connecting Statement:	Having just reminded the people not to be proud concerning who taught them about the Lord and who had baptized them, Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that all believers are to be humble servants.
1CO	4	2	th8e	figs-123person	ὧδε λοιπὸν ζητεῖται ἐν τοῖς οἰκονόμοις	1	what is required of stewards	Paul is speaking of himself as if he were speaking about other people. Alternate translation: “we are required to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1CO	4	3	k6nc		ἐλάχιστόν ἐστιν, ἵνα ὑφ’ ὑμῶν ἀνακριθῶ	1	it is a very small thing that I should be judged by you	Paul is comparing the difference between human judgment and God’s judgment. Man’s judgment is not important compared to God’s true judgment upon man.
1CO	4	4	u9jd		οὐδὲν…ἐμαυτῷ σύνοιδα	1	I am not aware of any charge being made against me	“I have not heard anyone accuse me of doing wrong”
1CO	4	4	h3wl		οὐκ ἐν τούτῳ δεδικαίωμαι; ὁ δὲ ἀνακρίνων με Κύριός ἐστιν	1	that does not mean I am innocent. It is the Lord who judges me	“that lack of accusation does not prove I am innocent. The Lord knows if I am innocent or guilty”
1CO	4	5	qi3g		ὥστε	1	Therefore	“Because what I have just said is true”
1CO	4	5	wl3i	figs-metaphor	ὃς καὶ φωτίσει τὰ κρυπτὰ τοῦ σκότους, καὶ φανερώσει τὰς βουλὰς τῶν καρδιῶν	1	He will bring to light the hidden things of darkness and reveal the purposes of the heart	Here “bring to light the hidden things of darkness” is a metaphor for making known to everyone things that were done in secret. Here “heart” is a metonym for people’s thoughts and intentions. Alternate translation: “Like a light that shines on things in darkness, God will show what people have secretly done and what they secretly planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	4	6	ijn5		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1CO	4	6	ziz9		δι’ ὑμᾶς	1	for your sakes	“for your welfare”
1CO	4	7	fnu3	figs-you	σε…ἔχεις…ἔλαβες…ἔλαβες…καυχᾶσαι…λαβών	1	between you…do you have that you did not…you have freely…do you boast…you had not	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of “you” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	4	7	gtb5	figs-rquestion	τίς γάρ σε διακρίνει?	1	For who makes you superior?	Paul is rebuking the Corinthians who think they are better than those who heard the gospel from someone else. Alternate translation: “For there is no difference between you and others.” or “For you are not superior to other people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	4	7	r6yw	figs-rquestion	τί δὲ ἔχεις ὃ οὐκ ἔλαβες?	1	What do you have that you did not freely receive?	Paul uses this question to emphasize that they did not earn the things they have. Alternate translation: “Everything that you have is what you have freely received.” or “God gave to you everything that you have for free!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	4	7	e8l2	figs-rquestion	τί καυχᾶσαι ὡς μὴ λαβών?	1	why do you boast as if you had not done so?	Paul was rebuking them for boasting in what they had. Alternate translation: “you should not boast as if you had not done so.” or “you have no right to boast!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	4	7	rqd7		ὡς μὴ λαβών	1	as if you did not receive it	The phrase “done so” refers to freeling receiving what they had. Alternate translation: “as you had not freely received it” or “as if you had earned it”
1CO	4	8	yp8s	figs-irony		0	General Information:	Paul uses irony here to shame the Corinthians and make them realize that they are sinning when they are proud of themselves and their teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO	4	9	bb41	figs-parallelism	ὁ Θεὸς ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀποστόλους…ἀπέδειξεν	1	God has put us apostles on display	Paul expresses two ways how God has put his apostles on display for the world to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CO	4	9	vfq3	figs-metaphor	ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀποστόλους…ἀπέδειξεν	1	has put us apostles on display	God has displayed the apostles just like prisoners at the end of a Roman military parade, who are humiliated before their execution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	4	9	cs4r	figs-metaphor	ὡς ἐπιθανατίους	1	like men sentenced to death	God put the apostles on display like men who are about to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	4	9	cqh4	figs-merism	τῷ κόσμῳ, καὶ ἀγγέλοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις	1	to the world—to angels, and to human beings	Possible meanings are 1) “the world” consists of both supernatural (“angels”) and natural (“human beings”) or 2) the list consists of three items: “to the world, to angels, and to human beings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1CO	4	10	fkw2	figs-irony	ἡμεῖς μωροὶ…ἄτιμοι	1	We are fools…in dishonor	Paul uses irony to shame the Corinthians so they will think about what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO	4	10	wqh7		ὑμεῖς ἔνδοξοι	1	You are held in honor	“People treat you Corinthians as though you are important people”
1CO	4	10	z22c		ἡμεῖς…ἄτιμοι	1	we are held in dishonor	“people shame us apostles”
1CO	4	11	i298		ἄχρι τῆς ἄρτι ὥρας	1	Up to this present hour	“Until now” or “Up to now”
1CO	4	11	jj2y	figs-activepassive	κολαφιζόμεθα	1	we are brutally beaten	This refers to hitting with the hand, not with whips or clubs. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people beat us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	4	11	yhf4		ἀστατοῦμεν	1	we are homeless	Paul means that they had places to stay, but they had to move around from place to place. They had no fixed home.
1CO	4	12	n389	figs-activepassive	λοιδορούμενοι, εὐλογοῦμεν	1	When we are reviled, we bless	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When people revile us, we bless them” or “When people scorn us, we bless them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	4	12	kue7	figs-activepassive	διωκόμενοι	1	When we are persecuted	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When people persecute us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	4	13	a6hp	figs-activepassive	δυσφημούμενοι	1	When we are slandered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When people slander us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	4	13	xz66		ὡς περικαθάρματα τοῦ κόσμου ἐγενήθημεν, πάντων περίψημα ἕως ἄρτι	1	We have become as the scum of the world and the refuse all things, even until now	“People began to consider us—and they still consider us—to be the garbage of the world”
1CO	4	14	k1at		οὐκ ἐντρέπων ὑμᾶς γράφω ταῦτα, ἀλλ’…νουθετῶ	1	I do not write these things to shame you, but to correct you	“I do not intend to shame you, but to improve you” or “I am not trying to shame you, but I want to correct you”
1CO	4	14	t8jc		νουθετῶ	1	correct	tell someone that what they are doing is wrong and will cause bad things to happen
1CO	4	14	ruu5	figs-metaphor	τέκνα μου ἀγαπητὰ	1	my beloved children	Because Paul had led the Corinthians to Christ, they are like his spiritual children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	4	15	n8c1	figs-hyperbole	μυρίους παιδαγωγοὺς	1	ten thousand guardians	This is an exaggeration of the number of people guiding them, to emphasize the importance of the one spiritual father. Alternate translation: “very many guardians” or “a large crowd of guardians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CO	4	15	m9ek		ἐν…Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, ἐγὼ ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα	1	I became your father in Christ Jesus through the gospel	Paul is emphasizing firstly that his relationship with the Corinthians is most importantly “in Christ,” secondly that it came because he told them the good news, and thirdly that he is the one who is like a father to them. Alternate translation: “it was because God joined you to Christ when I told you the good news that I was the one who became your father”
1CO	4	15	n9hp	figs-metaphor	ἐγὼ ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα	1	I became your father	Because Paul had led the Corinthians to Christ, he is like a father to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	4	17	hi7w		μου τέκνον, ἀγαπητὸν καὶ πιστὸν ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	my beloved and faithful child in the Lord	“whom I love and whom I teach about the Lord as if he were my own child”
1CO	4	18	v4fn		δέ	1	Now	This word indicates that Paul is shifting his topic to rebuking the arrogant behavior of the Corinthian believers.
1CO	4	19	jdk5		ἐλεύσομαι…πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	I will come to you	“I will visit you”
1CO	4	21	ix5g	figs-rquestion	τί θέλετε?	1	What do you want?	Paul was making a last appeal to the Corinthians, as he has been rebuking them for the errors they had made. Alternate translation: “Tell me what you want to happen now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	4	21	wv61	figs-rquestion	ἐν ῥάβδῳ ἔλθω πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἢ ἐν ἀγάπῃ, πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος?	1	Shall I come to you with a rod or with love and in a spirit of gentleness?	Paul is offering the Corinthians two opposing attitudes he could use when approaching them. Alternate translation: “If you want, I can come to punish you, or I can come to show you how much I love you by being gentle with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	4	21	ix7l		πραΰτητος	1	of gentleness	“of kindness” or “of tenderness”
1CO	5	intro	vb3l			0		# 1 Corinthians 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 13.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemisms<br><br>Paul uses euphemisms to describe sensitive topics. This chapter deals with sexual immorality of one church member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fornication]])<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Paul uses an extended comparison using many metaphors. Yeast represents evil. The loaf probably represents the whole congregation. The unleavened bread represents living purely. So the whole passage means: Don’t you know that a little evil will affect the whole congregation? So get rid of the evil so you can live purely. Christ has been sacrificed for us. So let us be sincere and truthful and not wicked and behaving badly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize important points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)<br>
1CO	5	1	e66c			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul now specifically states about what sin of theirs he has heard, and how the Corinthian believers are proud of their acceptance of that man and his sin.
1CO	5	1	dlj2	figs-activepassive	ἥτις οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν	1	which does not even exist among the Gentiles	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that not even the Gentiles permit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	5	1	b9xn		γυναῖκά τινα τοῦ πατρὸς ἔχειν	1	a man has his father’s wife	“A man among you is commiting adultery with his father’s wife”
1CO	5	1	lxp1		γυναῖκά…πατρὸς	1	father’s wife	the wife of his father, but probably not his own mother
1CO	5	2	zk7g	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε	1	Should you not mourn instead?	This rhetorical question is used to scold the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You should mourn over this instead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	5	2	rr93	figs-activepassive	ἵνα ἀρθῇ ἐκ μέσου ὑμῶν ὁ, τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο ποιήσας	1	The one who did this must be removed from among you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must remove the one who did this from among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	5	3	xm4e		παρὼν…τῷ πνεύματι	1	I am present in spirit	“I am with you in spirit.” Being with them in spirit represents caring about them or wanting to be with them. Alternate translation: “I care about you” or “I want to be with you”
1CO	5	3	ax3u		ἤδη κέκρικα…τὸν οὕτως τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον	1	I have already passed judgment on the one who did this	Possible meanings are 1) “I have decided what you should do with the one who did this” or 2) “I have found the person who did this guilty”
1CO	5	4	m9yz		συναχθέντων ὑμῶν	1	When you are assembled	“When you are together” or “When you meet together”
1CO	5	4	t83d	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ	1	in the name of our Lord Jesus	Possible meanings are 1) the name of the Lord Jesus is a metonym that represents his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus” or 2) being assembled in the Lord’s name implies meeting together to worship him. Alternate translation: “to worship our Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO	5	5	xcf6	figs-metaphor	παραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ Σατανᾷ	1	hand this man over to Satan	Handing the man over to Satan represents not allowing the man to be part of their group so that Satan would be allowed to harm him. Alternate translation: “make this man leave your group so that Satan can harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	5	5	nq4y	figs-metaphor	εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός	1	for the destruction of the flesh	Possible meanings are 1) “flesh” refers to his physical body. Alternate translation: “so that Satan may harm his body” or 2) “flesh” is a metaphor for the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “so that his sinful nature will be destroyed” or “so that he will not continue to live according to his sinful nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	5	5	z2cl	figs-activepassive	ἵνα τὸ πνεῦμα σωθῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου	1	so that his spirit may be saved on the day of the Lord	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that God may save his spirit on the day of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	5	6	h2hk		οὐ καλὸν τὸ καύχημα ὑμῶν	1	Your boasting is not good	“Your boasting is bad”
1CO	5	6	ng4m	figs-metaphor	οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι μικρὰ ζύμη, ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζυμοῖ?	1	Do you not know that a little yeast leavens the whole loaf?	Just as a little yeast spreads throughout a whole loaf of bread, so can a little sin impact the entire fellowship of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	5	7	ret3	figs-metaphor	τὸ Πάσχα ἡμῶν ἐτύθη, Χριστός	1	Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed	As the Passover lamb covered the sins of Israel by faith each year, so did Christ’s death cover the sins of all who trust in Christ by faith for eternity. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Lord has sacrificed Christ, our Passover lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	5	9	nrb4		πόρνοις	1	sexually immoral people	This refers to people who claim to believe in Christ but behave in this manner.
1CO	5	10	xp48		τοῖς πόρνοις τοῦ κόσμου τούτου	1	the immoral people of this world	people who have chosen to live an immoral lifestyle, who are not believers
1CO	5	10	taf5		τοῖς πλεονέκταις	1	the greedy	“those who are greedy” or “those who are willing to be dishonest to get what others have”
1CO	5	10	hu63		ἅρπαξιν	1	swindlers	This means people who cheat to get others’ property.
1CO	5	10	m59j		ὠφείλετε…ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου ἐξελθεῖν	1	you would need to go out of the world	“you would need to avoid all people”
1CO	5	11	wcm2			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells them how to treat believers in the church who refuse to be corrected for their involvement in sexual immorality and other obvious sins before others.
1CO	5	11	w9w8		τις…ὀνομαζόμενος	1	anyone who is called	“anyone who calls himself”
1CO	5	11	b4us		ἀδελφὸς	1	brother	Here this means a fellow Christian, either a man or a woman.
1CO	5	12	xeu7	figs-rquestion	τί…μοι τοὺς ἔξω κρίνειν?	1	how am I involved with judging those who are outside the church?	Paul is emphasizing that he is not the one to judge people outside the church. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am not the one who should judge people who do not belong to the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	5	12	m4s6	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ τοὺς ἔσω ὑμεῖς κρίνετε?	1	Are you not to judge those inside?	Paul is scolding the Corinthians. “you should know that you are the ones who should judge those who are inside the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	intro	s6hb			0		# 1 Corinthians 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Lawsuits<br><br>Paul teaches that a Christian should not take another Christian to court before a non-Christian judge. It is better to be cheated. Christians will judge the angels. So they should be able to solve problems among themselves. It is especially bad to use a court to cheat another believer. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>The temple of the Holy Spirit is an important metaphor. It refers to the place where the Holy Spirit stays and is worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize important points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)<br>
1CO	6	1	hv79			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul then explains how believers are to settle disagreements with other believers.
1CO	6	1	q5d3		πρᾶγμα	1	dispute	disagreement or argument
1CO	6	1	gmy5	figs-rquestion	τολμᾷ…κρίνεσθαι…τῶν ἁγίων?	1	does he dare to go…saints?	Paul is emphasizing that Christians must resolve disagreements among themselves. Alternate translation: “he should not dare to go…saints!” or “he should be fear God and not go…saints!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	2	i1m5	figs-rquestion	ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι οἱ ἅγιοι τὸν κόσμον κρινοῦσιν?	1	Or do you not know that the believers will judge the world?	Paul is shaming the Corinthians for acting like they do not know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	2	i67f	figs-rquestion	καὶ εἰ ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος, ἀνάξιοί ἐστε κριτηρίων ἐλαχίστων?	1	If then, you will judge the world, are you not able to settle matters of little importance?	Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. Alternate translation: “you will judge the world in the future, so you should be able to settle this matter now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	3	h374		βιωτικά	1	matters of this life	“stop arguments about things that have to do with this life”
1CO	6	3	us55	figs-rquestion	οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἀγγέλους κρινοῦμεν	1	Do you not know that we will judge the angels?	Paul is surprised that they do not seem to know. Alternate translation: “You know that we will judge the angels.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	3	v5r5	figs-inclusive	κρινοῦμεν	1	we will judge	Paul includes himself and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO	6	3	x6h3	figs-rquestion	μήτι γε βιωτικά?	1	How much more, then, can we judge matters of this life?	Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. Alternate translation: “Because we know we will judge the angels, we can also be sure that God will enable us to judge matters in this life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	4	vw5t	figs-rquestion	βιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε, τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε?	1	If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life, why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church?	Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question or 2) this is a statement, “When in the past you have settled matters that are important in this life, you have not handed off disputes between Christians to be settled by unbelievers” or 3) this is a command, “When you settle matters that are important in this life, it is even to those who have no standing in the church that you should hand off disputes to be settled!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	4	xn32		βιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε, τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε?	1	If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life	“If you are called upon to make decisions about daily life” or “If you must settle matters that are important in this life”
1CO	6	4	e791	figs-rquestion	τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε?	1	why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church?	Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for how they are handling these cases. Possible meanings are that 1) “you should stop giving such cases to people who are outside the church.” or 2) “you could give such cases even to members of the church who are not well regarded by other believers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	5	b2vy		πρὸς ἐντροπὴν ὑμῖν	1	to your shame	“to your dishonor” or “to show how you have failed in this matter”
1CO	6	5	fue4	figs-rquestion	οὕτως οὐκ ἔνι ἐν ὑμῖν οὐδεὶς σοφὸς, ὃς δυνήσεται διακρῖναι ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ?	1	Is there no one among you wise enough to settle a dispute between brothers?	Paul is shaming the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You should be ashamed that you cannot find a wise believer to settle arguments between believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	5	l1hd		τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1CO	6	5	h8sv		διακρῖναι	1	to settle a dispute	argument or disagreement
1CO	6	6	m7ls		ἀλλὰ ἀδελφὸς μετὰ ἀδελφοῦ κρίνεται, καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ ἀπίστων?	1	But brother goes to court against brother, and this before unbelievers!	“believers who have disputes with each other ask unbelieving judges to make decisions for them”
1CO	6	7	sv9j		ἤδη…ἥττημα…ἐστιν	1	is already a defeat	“is already a failure”
1CO	6	7	tn9m	figs-rquestion	διὰ τί οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἀδικεῖσθε? διὰ τί οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἀποστερεῖσθε?	1	Why not rather suffer the wrong? Why not rather allow yourselves to be cheated?	Paul continues to shame the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “It would be better to let others wrong you and cheat you than to take them to court.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	8	kk7b		ἀδελφούς	1	your own brothers	All believers in Christ are brothers and sisters of each other. “your own fellow believers”
1CO	6	9	h17l	figs-rquestion	ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι	1	Or do you not know that	Paul emphasizes that they should already know this truth. Alternate translation: “You already know that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	9	t1rt	figs-metaphor	κληρονομήσουσιν	1	will inherit	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	6	9	vqx4		Θεοῦ Βασιλείαν οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν	1	will not inherit the kingdom of God	God will not judge them as righteous at the judgment, and they will not enter eternal life.
1CO	6	9	h2na	figs-merism	μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται	1	male prostitutes, those who practice homosexuality	Possible meanings are 1) this is a merism for all homosexual activity or 2) Paul is naming two different activities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1CO	6	9	blc7		μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται	1	male prostitutes	Possible meanings are 1) men who allow other men to sleep with them or 2) men who allow men who pay them to sleep with them or 3) men who allow other men to sleep with them as part of a religious activity.
1CO	6	9	qja8		ἀρσενοκοῖται	1	those who practice homosexuality	men who sleep with other men
1CO	6	10	f7gp		κλέπται	1	thieves	people who steal from others
1CO	6	10	bgj9		πλεονέκται	1	the greedy	people who are willing to use evil means to take others’ property
1CO	6	11	v5yq	figs-activepassive	ἀπελούσασθε	1	you have been cleansed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has cleansed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	6	11	u8kl	figs-activepassive	ἡγιάσθητε	1	you have been sanctified	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has set you apart for himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	6	11	gnr6	figs-activepassive	ἐδικαιώθητε	1	you were justified	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has made you right with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	6	11	s55x	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ	“Name” here is a metonym for the power and authority of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “by the power and authority of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	6	12	sw2e			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that God wants them pure because Christ has bought them with his death. Their bodies are now God’s temple. He does so by saying what the Corinthians might say and then correcting them.
1CO	6	12	r4mx		πάντα μοι ἔξεστιν	1	Everything is lawful for me	Possible meanings are 1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, “Some say, ‘I can do anything’” or 2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, “God allows me to do anything.”
1CO	6	12	q7dc		ἀλλ’ οὐ πάντα συμφέρει	1	but not everything is beneficial	Paul is answering whoever says, “Everything is lawful for me.” Alternate translation: “but not everything is good for me”
1CO	6	12	c8vz	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἐγὼ ἐξουσιασθήσομαι ὑπό τινος	1	I will not be mastered by any of them	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow these things to rule over me like a master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	6	13	jz55		τὰ βρώματα τῇ κοιλίᾳ, καὶ ἡ κοιλία τοῖς βρώμασιν; ὁ δὲ Θεὸς καὶ ταύτην καὶ ταῦτα καταργήσει	1	“Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” but God will do away with both of them	Possible meanings are 1) Paul is correcting what some Corinthians might be thinking, “food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” by answering that God will do away with both the stomach and food or 2) Paul actually agrees that “food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” but he is adding that God will do away with both of them.
1CO	6	13	jta4		τὰ βρώματα τῇ κοιλίᾳ, καὶ ἡ κοιλία τοῖς βρώμασιν; ὁ δὲ Θεὸς καὶ ταύτην καὶ ταῦτα καταργήσει	1	Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food	One possible meanings is that the speaker is speaking indirectly of the body and sex, but you should translate this literally as “stomach” and “food.”
1CO	6	13	uc1v		καταργήσει	1	do away with	“destroy”
1CO	6	14	ev9l		τὸν Κύριον ἤγειρεν	1	raised the Lord	“caused the Lord to live again”
1CO	6	15	gt2x	figs-metaphor	οὐκ οἴδατε, ὅτι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν μέλη Χριστοῦ ἐστιν?	1	Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ?	The word translated as “members” refers to parts of a body. Our belonging to Christ is spoken of as if we were parts of his body. We belong to him so much that even our bodies belong to him. Paul uses this question to remind the people of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “You should know that your bodies belong to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	15	f4vd	figs-rquestion	ἄρας οὖν τὰ μέλη τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ποιήσω πόρνης μέλη? μὴ γένοιτο!	1	Shall I then take away the members of Christ and join them to a prostitute? May it not be!	Paul uses this question to emphasize how wrong it is for someone who belongs to Christ to go to a prostitute. Alternate translation: “I am part of Christ. I will not take my body and join myself to a prostitute!” or “We are parts of Christ’s body. We must not take our bodies and join ourselves to prostitutes!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	15	kmt2		μὴ γένοιτο	1	May it not be!	“That should never happen!” or “We must never do that!”
1CO	6	16	seg6	figs-rquestion	ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι…σῶμά ἐστιν?	1	Do you not know that…her?	Paul begins to teach the Corinthians by emphasizing a truth that they already know. “I want to remind you that…her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	16	z54k	figs-activepassive	ὁ κολλώμενος τῇ πόρνῃ, ἓν σῶμά ἐστιν	1	he who is joined to a prostitute becomes one flesh with her	This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when a man joins his body to the body of a prostitute, it is as if their bodies become one body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	6	17	c2tb	figs-activepassive	ὁ…κολλώμενος τῷ Κυρίῳ, ἓν πνεῦμά ἐστιν	1	he who is joined to the Lord becomes one spirit with him	This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the Lord joins his spirit to the spirit of a person, it is as if their spirits become one spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	6	18	ex92	figs-metaphor	φεύγετε	1	Flee from	Paul speaks of a person rejecting sexual sin as if that person were running away from danger. Alternate translation: “Get away from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	6	18	sc9d	figs-explicit	τὴν πορνείαν. πᾶν ἁμάρτημα ὃ ἐὰν ποιήσῃ ἄνθρωπος ἐκτὸς τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν…δὲ	1	immorality! Every other sin that a person commits is outside the body, but	Possible meanings are 1) Paul is showing that sexual sin is especially bad because it is not only against others but against the sinner’s own body or 2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. Alternate translation: “immorality! Some of you are saying, ‘Every sin that a person commits is outside the body,’ but I say that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO	6	18	jr46		ἁμάρτημα ὃ ἐὰν ποιήσῃ ἄνθρωπος	1	sin that a person commits	“evil deed that a person does”
1CO	6	19	qy5j	figs-rquestion	ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι…ἀπὸ Θεοῦ? καὶ οὐκ ἐστὲ ἑαυτῶν	1	Do you not know…God?…that you are not your own?	Paul is continuing to teach the Corinthians by emphasizing what they already know. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you…God and that you are not your own.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	6	19	bb35		τὸ σῶμα ὑμῶν	1	your body	the body of each individual Christian is a temple of the Holy Spirit
1CO	6	19	d2mc	figs-metaphor	ναὸς τοῦ…Ἁγίου Πνεύματός	1	temple of the Holy Spirit	A temple is dedicated to divine beings, and it is also where they dwell. In the same way, each Corinthian believer’s body is like a temple because the Holy Spirit is present within them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	6	20	qv47	figs-activepassive	ἠγοράσθητε γὰρ τιμῆς	1	For you were bought with a price	God paid for the freedom of the Corinthians from the slavery of sin. This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “God paid for your freedom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	6	20	y7fe		δὴ	1	Therefore	“Because what I have just said is true”
1CO	7	intro	a25m			0		# 1 Corinthians 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul begins to answer a series of questions that the Corinthians may have asked him. The first question is about marriage. The second question is about a slave trying to become free, a Gentile becoming a Jew, or a Jew becoming a Gentile.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Divorce<br>Paul says married Christians should not divorce. A Christian married to an unbeliever should not leave their husband or wife. If the unbelieving husband or wife leaves, this is not a sin. Paul advises that, because of the difficult times and being near to time that Jesus will return, it is acceptable to remain unmarried. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemisms<br>Paul uses many euphemisms to discreetly refer to sexual relations. This is often a sensitive topic. Many cultures do not wish to speak openly about these matters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])<br>
1CO	7	1	iue7			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul gives the believers some specific instructions on marriage.
1CO	7	1	y4lx		δὲ	1	Now	Paul is introducing a new topic in his teaching.
1CO	7	1	jq21		ὧν ἐγράψατε	1	the issues you wrote about	The Corinthians had written a letter to Paul to ask for answers to certain questions.
1CO	7	1	erl5		καλὸν ἀνθρώπῳ, γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι	1	“It is good for a man not to touch a woman.”	Possible meanings are 1) Paul is quoting what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “you wrote, ‘It is good for a man not to touch a woman.’” or 2) Paul is saying what he really thinks. Alternate translation: “my answer is that yes, it is good for a man not to touch a woman.”
1CO	7	1	ui5c		καλὸν	1	It is good	“It is most helpful”
1CO	7	1	cm7y		ἀνθρώπῳ	1	for a man	Possible meanings are 1) “a man” refers to a married man. Alternate translation: “a husband” or 2) “a man” refers to any man.
1CO	7	1	mx7w	figs-euphemism	γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι	1	not to touch a woman	Possible meanings are 1) “touch a woman” is a euphemism for having sexual relations. Alternate translation: “not to have sexual relations with his wife for a while” or 2) “touch a woman” is a metonym for marry. Alternate translation: “not to marry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	7	2	c3uq		διὰ δὲ	1	But because	Possible meanings are 1) Paul is responding to what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “That is true, but because” or 2) Paul is saying what he really thinks.
1CO	7	2	fys4		διὰ δὲ τὰς πορνείας, ἕκαστος	1	But because of temptations for many immoral acts, each	“But because Satan tempts people to commit sexual sin, each” or “But we desire to commit sexual sin because of our sinful nature, so each”
1CO	7	3	mj8l	figs-euphemism	ὀφειλὴν	1	sexual rights	Both husbands and wives are obligated to regularly sleep with their spouses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1CO	7	3	vhv1	figs-ellipsis	ὁμοίως…καὶ ἡ γυνὴ τῷ ἀνδρί	1	likewise the wife to her husband	The words “should give” and “sexual rights” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “likewise the wife should give to her husband his sexual rights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO	7	5	qq7u	figs-euphemism	μὴ ἀποστερεῖτε ἀλλήλους	1	Do not deprive each other	The word “deprive” means to keep from someone something that the other person has the right to receive. “Do not refuse to have marital relations with your spouse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO	7	5	uq6x		ἵνα σχολάσητε τῇ προσευχῇ	1	so that you may devote yourselves to prayer	in order to have a period of especially deep prayer
1CO	7	5	d3er		σχολάσητε	1	devote yourselves	“commit yourselves”
1CO	7	5	s1ya		πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἦτε	1	come together again	“sleep together again”
1CO	7	5	ii8n		διὰ τὴν ἀκρασίαν ὑμῶν	1	because of your lack of self-control	“because after some days, your sexual desires will be harder to keep under control”
1CO	7	6	xe7r		τοῦτο δὲ λέγω κατὰ συνγνώμην, οὐ κατ’ ἐπιταγήν	1	I say these things to you as a concession and not as a command	Possible meanings are Paul is telling the Corinthians that he is allowing them, but not commanding them, 1) to marry and sleep together or 2) to stop sleeping together for a time.
1CO	7	7	rbe7		εἶναι ὡς καὶ ἐμαυτόν	1	were as I am	Either Paul had never married or his wife had died. It is unlikely that he had been through a divorce.
1CO	7	7	w9ld		ἀλλὰ ἕκαστος ἴδιον ἔχει χάρισμα ἐκ Θεοῦ; ὁ μὲν οὕτως, ὁ δὲ οὕτως	1	But each one has his own gift from God. One has this kind of gift, and another that kind	“God enables people to do different things. He enables one person to do one thing and another person to do something different”
1CO	7	8	a58l		τοῖς ἀγάμοις	1	the unmarried	“this those who are not married”
1CO	7	8	fq46		ταῖς χήραις	1	to the widows	“to women whose husband has died”
1CO	7	8	r27x		καλὸν	1	it is good	See how you translated this in [1 Corinthians 7:1](../07/01.md).
1CO	7	9	ty79		πυροῦσθαι	1	to burn with desire	“to live with the constant desire to sleep with someone”
1CO	7	10	hc5p		ἀπὸ…μὴ χωρισθῆναι	1	should not separate from	Paul’s readers knew no difference between separating and divorcing. To stop living with someone was to end the marriage. Alternate translation: “should not divorce”
1CO	7	11	lxf7	figs-activepassive	τῷ ἀνδρὶ καταλλαγήτω	1	be reconciled to her husband	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she should make peace with her husband and return to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	7	11	jd5w		μὴ ἀφιέναι	1	should not divorce	Paul’s readers knew no difference between divorcing and simply separating. To do either was to end the marriage. Alternate translation: “should not separate from”
1CO	7	12	k9yd		συνευδοκεῖ	1	agrees	willing or satisfied
1CO	7	13	mw6k		ἄνδρα	1	husband	This is the same Greek word as for “man.”
1CO	7	14	l84p	figs-activepassive	ἡγίασται γὰρ ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ ἄπιστος ἐν τῇ γυναικί	1	For the unbelieving husband is set apart because of his wife	Possible meanings are 1) “For God has set apart the unbelieving husband for himself because of his believing wife” or 2) “God treats the unbelieving husband as he would treat a son for the sake of his believing wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	7	14	s3gw		ὁ ἀνὴρ…τῇ γυναικί	1	husband…wife	These are the same Greek words as for “man” and “woman.”
1CO	7	14	w5y9	figs-activepassive	ἡγίασται ἡ γυνὴ ἡ ἄπιστος ἐν τῷ ἀδελφῷ	1	the unbelieving wife is set apart because of the brother	Possible meanings are 1) “God has set apart the unbelieving wife for himself because of her husband who believes” or 2) “God treats the unbelieving wife as he would treat a daughter for the sake of her husband who believes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	7	14	i1x4		τῷ ἀδελφῷ	1	the brother	the believing man or husband
1CO	7	14	fmu5	figs-activepassive	ἅγιά ἐστιν	1	they are set apart	Possible meanings are 1) “God has set them apart for himself” or 2) “God treats them as he would treat his own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	7	15	jef4	figs-metaphor	οὐ δεδούλωται ὁ ἀδελφὸς ἢ ἡ ἀδελφὴ ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις	1	In such cases, the brother or sister is not bound to their vows	Here “brother” and “sister” refers to a Christian husband or wife. Here “not bound to their vows” is a metaphor that mean the person is not obligated to do what they vowed to do. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “In such cases, God does not require the believing spouse to continue to obey the marriage vow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	7	16	l559	figs-you	οἶδας, γύναι…τὸν ἄνδρα σώσεις…οἶδας, ἄνερ…τὴν γυναῖκα σώσεις	1	do you know, woman…you will save your husband…do you know, man…you will save your wife	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	7	16	h5td	figs-rquestion	τί…οἶδας, γύναι, εἰ τὸν ἄνδρα σώσεις	1	how do you know, woman, whether you will save your husband?	Paul uses a question to cause women to think deeply about what he is saying. Alternate translation: “you cannot know if you will save your unbelieving husband.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	7	16	dbz6	figs-rquestion	τί οἶδας, ἄνερ, εἰ τὴν γυναῖκα σώσεις	1	how do you know, man, whether you will save your wife?	Paul uses a question to cause men to think deeply about what he is saying. Alternate translation: “you cannot know if you will save your unbelieving wife.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	7	17	ya76		ἑκάστῳ	1	each one	“each believer”
1CO	7	17	iid2		οὕτως ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις πάσαις διατάσσομαι	1	I direct in this way in all the churches	Paul was teaching believers in all the churches to act in this manner.
1CO	7	18	unc4	figs-rquestion	περιτετμημένος τις ἐκλήθη?	1	Was anyone called when he was circumcised?	Paul was addressing the circumcised ones (the Jews). Alternate translation: “To the circumcised ones, when God called you to believe, you had already been circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	7	18	fqv6	figs-rquestion	ἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ κέκληταί τις?	1	Was anyone called in uncircumcision?	Paul was now addressing the uncircumcised ones. Alternate translation: “To the uncircumcised ones, when God called you to believe, you were not circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	7	20	yy8l	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Here the words “us” and “we” refer to all Christians and include Paul’s audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO	7	20	hsz1		ἐν τῇ κλήσει…μενέτω	1	in the calling…he should remain	Here “calling” refers to the work or social position in which you were involved. Alternate translation: “live and work as you did”
1CO	7	21	ag5a	figs-you	ἐκλήθης…σοι…δύνασαι	1	Were you…called you? Do not be…you can become	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of “you” and the command “be” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	7	21	nli9	figs-rquestion	δοῦλος ἐκλήθης? μή σοι μελέτω	1	Were you a slave when God called you? Do not be concerned	This can be stated as a statement. Alternate translation: “To those who were slaves when God called you to believe, I say this: do not be concerned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	7	22	l6vq		ἀπελεύθερος Κυρίου	1	the Lord’s freeman	This freeman is forgiven by God and therefore free from Satan and sin.
1CO	7	23	m53p	figs-activepassive	τιμῆς ἠγοράσθητε	1	You have been bought with a price	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Christ bought you by dying for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	7	24	qu1l		ἀδελφοί	1	Brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1CO	7	24	c83e	figs-activepassive	ἐκλήθη	1	was called	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when God called us to believe in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	7	25	f71a		περὶ δὲ τῶν παρθένων, ἐπιταγὴν Κυρίου οὐκ ἔχω	1	Now concerning those who never married, I have no commandment from the Lord	Paul knows no teaching of Jesus that speaks about this situation. Alternate translation: “The Lord has not commanded me to say anything to people who have never married”
1CO	7	25	vaa4		γνώμην…δίδωμι	1	I give my opinion	“I tell you what I think”
1CO	7	25	qqz7		ὡς ἠλεημένος ὑπὸ Κυρίου, πιστὸς εἶναι	1	as one who, by the Lord’s mercy, is trustworthy	“because, by the Lord’s mercy, I am trustworthy”
1CO	7	27	a77x	figs-you		0	General Information:	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if he were speaking to each person, so all these instances of “you” and the command “do not seek” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	7	27	k9td	figs-rquestion	δέδεσαι γυναικί? μὴ ζήτει	1	Are you married to a wife? Do not…	Paul uses this question to introduce a possible condition. The question can be translated as a phrase with “if.” Alternate translation: “If you are married, do not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	7	27	x2lk		μὴ ζήτει λύσιν	1	Do not seek a divorce	“Do not try to divorce her” or “Do try to separate from her”
1CO	7	27	d79c		μὴ ζήτει…γυναῖκα	1	do not seek a wife	“do not try to get married”
1CO	7	28	whf5	figs-explicit	ἐγὼ…ὑμῶν φείδομαι	1	I want to spare you from this	The word “this” refers to the kinds of worldly trouble that married people might have. Alternate translation: “I want to help you not to have worldly trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO	7	29	r594		ὁ καιρὸς συνεσταλμένος ἐστίν	1	The time is short	“There is little time” or “Time is almost gone”
1CO	7	30	vm8k		οἱ κλαίοντες	1	those who weep	cry or grieve with tears
1CO	7	31	t41v		οἱ χρώμενοι τὸν κόσμον	1	those using the world	“those who deal every day with unbelievers”
1CO	7	31	jl2r		ὡς μὴ καταχρώμενοι	1	as though they were not using it	“should show by their actions that they have their hope in God”
1CO	7	32	t4ab	figs-idiom	ἀμερίμνους	1	free from worries	“Free” here is an idiom which means the ability to live without constantly thinking about.” Alternate translation: “without needing to worry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CO	7	32	d4zd		μεριμνᾷ	1	concerned about	“focused on”
1CO	7	34	ug6n		μεριμνᾷ	1	is concerned about	“he is trying to please God and please his wife at the same time”
1CO	7	35	rp3w		βρόχον	1	constraint	restriction
1CO	7	35	ffx4		εὐπάρεδρον	1	devoted	“can concentrate on”
1CO	7	36	jn8j		ἀσχημονεῖν ἐπὶ	1	he is acting improperly toward	“not being kind to” or “not honoring”
1CO	7	36	crb8		τὴν παρθένον αὐτοῦ	1	his virgin	Possible meanings are 1) “the woman whom he promised to marry” or 2) “his virgin daughter.”
1CO	7	36	wdj5		γαμείτωσαν	1	let them marry	Possible meanings are 1) “He should marry his fiancée” or 2) “He should let his daughter get married.”
1CO	7	37	nm99	figs-metaphor	ὃς δὲ ἕστηκεν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἑδραῖος	1	But if he is standing firm in his heart	Here “standing firm” is a metaphor for deciding something with certainty. Here “heart” is metonym for a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “But if he has decided firmly in his own mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	7	39	d413	figs-metaphor	γυνὴ δέδεται ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς	1	A wife is bound for as long as her husband lives	Here “bound” is a metaphor for a close relationship between people in which they support each other emotionally, spiritually, and physically. Here it means the union of marriage. Alternate translation: “A woman is married to her husband” or “A woman is united with her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	7	39	ms7z		ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ	1	for as long as…lives	“until he dies”
1CO	7	39	y6rz		ᾧ θέλει	1	whomever she wishes	“anyone she wants”
1CO	7	39	rr2d		ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	in the Lord	“if the new husband is a believer”
1CO	7	40	hwz4		τὴν ἐμὴν γνώμην	1	my judgment	“my understanding of God’s word”
1CO	7	40	hd7f		μακαριωτέρα	1	happier	more contented, more joyful
1CO	7	40	pse4		οὕτως μείνῃ	1	lives as she is	“remains unmarried”
1CO	8	intro	c8l6			0		# 1 Corinthians 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In Chapters 8-10, Paul answers the question: “Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?”<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Meat sacrificed to idols<br>Paul answers this question by saying that idols are gods that do not really exist. Therefore nothing is wrong with the meat. Christians are free to eat it. However, someone who does not understand this may see a Christian eating it. They may then be encouraged to eat the meat as an act of worship to the idol.<br>
1CO	8	1	jf6h	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	“We” means Paul and, though specifically writing to the Corinthian believers, includes all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO	8	1	nzt4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds the believers that though idols have no power, believers must be careful not to affect the weaker believers who might think they care about the idols. He tells believers to be careful with the liberty believers have in Christ.
1CO	8	1	cep1		περὶ δὲ	1	Now about	Paul uses this phrase to move on to the next question the Corinthians had asked him.
1CO	8	1	g5t3		τῶν εἰδωλοθύτων	1	food sacrificed to idols	Gentile worshipers would offer grain, fish, fowl, or meat, to their gods. The priest would burn a portion of it on the altar. Paul is speaking of the portion the priest would give back for the worshiper to eat or sell in the market.
1CO	8	1	ri3s	figs-metaphor	ἡ γνῶσις φυσιοῖ	1	Knowledge puffs up	“Knowledge puffs people up.” Here “puffs up” is a metaphor for making someone proud. The abstract noun “knowledge” can be expressed with the verb “know.” Alternate translation: “Knowledge makes people proud” or “People who think that they know a lot become proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	8	1	yw8s	figs-abstractnouns	ἡ δὲ ἀγάπη οἰκοδομεῖ	1	but love builds up	The abstract noun “love” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “but when we love people, we build them up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CO	8	1	an8s	figs-metaphor	ἀγάπη οἰκοδομεῖ	1	love builds up	Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. Alternate translation: “love strengthens people” or “when we love people, we strengthen them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	8	2	qbh9		δοκεῖ ἐγνωκέναι τι	1	thinks he knows something	“believes he knows everything about something”
1CO	8	3	etd6	figs-activepassive	οὗτος ἔγνωσται ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ	1	that person is known by him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God knows that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	8	4	v4gx	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	“We” and “us” here refer to all believers and include Paul’s audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO	8	4	y3ee	figs-explicit	οἴδαμεν ὅτι οὐδὲν εἴδωλον ἐν κόσμῳ, καὶ ὅτι οὐδεὶς Θεὸς εἰ μὴ εἷς	1	We know that an idol in this world is nothing and that there is no God but one	Paul is probably quoting phrases that some Corinthians used. Being “nothing” represents having no power. Alternate translation: “We all know, as you yourselves like to say, that an idol in this world has no power and that there is no God but one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	8	5	sl8j		λεγόμενοι θεοὶ	1	so-called gods	“things that people call gods”
1CO	8	5	l7ib		θεοὶ πολλοὶ καὶ κύριοι πολλοί	1	many “gods” and many “lords.”	Paul does not believe that many gods and many lords exist, but he recognizes that the pagans believe they do.
1CO	8	6	y6hq		ἀλλ’ ἡμῖν εἷς Θεὸς	1	Yet for us there is only one God	“Yet we know that there is only one God”
1CO	8	7	th5p			0	General Information:	Paul is speaking here of “weak” brothers, people who cannot separate food sacrificed to idols from the worship of those idols. If a Christian eats food that has been sacrificed to an idol, weak brothers might think that God will allow them to worship the idol by eating the food. Even if the eater has not worshiped the idol and is simply eating the food, he has still corrupted his weak brothers’ conscience.
1CO	8	7	v7lt		πᾶσιν…τινὲς	1	everyone…some	“all people…some people who are now Christians”
1CO	8	7	ba7e		μολύνεται	1	is defiled	ruined or harmed
1CO	8	8	ii4m	figs-personification	βρῶμα…ἡμᾶς οὐ παραστήσει τῷ Θεῷ	1	food will not present us to God	Paul speaks of food as though it were a person who could make God welcome us. Alternate translation: “food does not give us favor with God” or “the food we eat does not make God pleased with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1CO	8	8	x91v	figs-doublenegatives	οὔτε ἐὰν μὴ φάγωμεν, ὑστερούμεθα; οὔτε ἐὰν φάγωμεν, περισσεύομεν	1	We are not worse if we do not eat, nor better if we do eat it	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Some people might think that if we do not eat some things, God will love us less. But they are wrong. Those who think that God will love us more if we do eat those things are also wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1CO	8	9	f3ds		τοῖς ἀσθενέσιν	1	those who are weak	believers not strong in their faith
1CO	8	10	usg7	figs-you	ἴδῃ τὸν ἔχοντα	1	sees the one who has	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so these words are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	8	10	i6ej		ἡ συνείδησις αὐτοῦ	1	his…conscience	what he understands to be right and wrong
1CO	8	10	x5pa		οἰκοδομηθήσεται, εἰς…ἐσθίειν	1	built up so as to eat	“encouraged to eat”
1CO	8	11	ez6t	figs-you	τῇ σῇ γνώσει	1	your knowledge	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “your” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	8	11	g5tn		ἀπόλλυται…ὁ ἀσθενῶν	1	the one who is weak…is destroyed	The brother or sister who is not strong in his or her faith will sin or lose his or her faith.
1CO	8	13	i8tb		διόπερ	1	Therefore	“Because what I have just said is true”
1CO	8	13	vf92	figs-metonymy	εἰ βρῶμα σκανδαλίζει	1	if food causes to stumble	“Food” here is a metonym for the person eating the food. Alternate translation: “if I cause by eating” or “if I, because of what I eat, cause” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	9	intro	z8d4			0		# 1 Corinthians 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul defends himself in this chapter. Some people claimed that he was trying to gain financially from the church.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Earning money from the church<br>People accused Paul of just wanting money from the church. Paul answered that he rightfully could get money from the church. The Old Testament taught that those who worked should get their living from their work. He and Barnabas purposefully never used this right and earned their own living.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Paul uses many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors teach complex truths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Contextualization<br>This passage is important because Paul “contextualizes” ministering the gospel to different audiences. This means that Paul makes himself and the gospel understandable without his actions hindering the gospel being received. The translator should take extra care to preserve aspects of this “contextualization” if possible. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize various points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)<br>
1CO	9	1	fu7x			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains how he uses the liberty he has in Christ.
1CO	9	1	mdm4	figs-rquestion	οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐλεύθερος	1	Am I not free?	Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of the rights he has. Alternate translation: “I am a free person.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	1	dbp9	figs-rquestion	οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος	1	Am I not an apostle?	Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is and the rights he has. Alternate translation: “I am an apostle.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	1	re1t	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ Ἰησοῦν τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν ἑόρακα	1	Have I not seen Jesus our Lord?	Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is. Alternate translation: “I have seen Jesus our Lord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	1	zd7e	figs-rquestion	οὐ τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	Are you not my workmanship in the Lord?	Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of their relationship to him. Alternate translation: “You believe in Christ because I have worked the way the Lord wants me to.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	2	j6qz	figs-metonymy	ἡ…σφραγίς μου τῆς ἀποστολῆς, ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	you are the proof of my apostleship in the Lord	“Proof” here is a metonym for the evidence needed to prove something. Alternate translation: “you are evidence I can use to prove that the Lord has chosen me to be an apostle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	9	3	b17x		ἡ ἐμὴ ἀπολογία…ἐμὲ…αὕτη:	1	This is my defense…me:	Possible meanings are 1) the words that follow are Paul’s defense or 2) the words in 1 Corinthians 9:1-2 are Paul’s defense. Alternate translation: “This is my defense…me.”
1CO	9	4	mr4g	figs-rquestion	μὴ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν φαγεῖν καὶ πεῖν	1	Do we not have the right to eat and drink?	Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “We have the absolute right to receive food and drink from the churches.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	4	p4vq	figs-exclusive	ἔχομεν	1	we…have	Here “we” refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1CO	9	5	s9k8	figs-rquestion	μὴ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν ἀδελφὴν, γυναῖκα περιάγειν, ὡς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ ἀπόστολοι, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ Κηφᾶς?	1	Do we not have the right to take along with us a wife who is a believer, as do the rest of the apostles, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas?	Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “If we have believing wives, we have a right to take them with us just as the other apostles take them, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	6	wx1p	figs-rquestion	ἢ μόνος ἐγὼ καὶ Βαρναβᾶς, οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν μὴ ἐργάζεσθαι?	1	Or is it only Barnabas and I who do not have the right not to work?	Paul is shaming the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You seem to think that the only people you think need to work to earn money are Barnabas and me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	7	f3qf	figs-rquestion	τίς στρατεύεται ἰδίοις ὀψωνίοις ποτέ?	1	Who serves as a soldier at his own expense?	Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “We all know that no soldier has to buy his own supplies.” or “We all know that every soldier receives his supplies from the government.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	7	zh5m	figs-rquestion	τίς φυτεύει ἀμπελῶνα, καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐσθίει?	1	Who plants a vineyard and does not eat its fruit?	Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “We all know that the one who plants a vineyard will always eat its fruit.” or “We all know that no one expects someone who plants a vineyard not to eat its fruits.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	7	r1ih	figs-rquestion	ἢ τίς ποιμαίνει ποίμνην, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ γάλακτος τῆς ποίμνης, οὐκ ἐσθίει?	1	Or who tends a flock and does not drink milk from it?	Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “We all know that those who tend flocks get their drink from the flocks.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	8	jld4	figs-rquestion	μὴ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον, ταῦτα λαλῶ	1	Am I not saying these things according to human authority?	Paul is shaming the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You seem to think that I am saying these things based on merely human authority.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	8	vy1n	figs-rquestion	ἢ καὶ ὁ νόμος ταῦτα οὐ λέγει?	1	Or does not the law also say this?	Paul is shaming the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You act as if you do not know that this is what is written in the law.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	9	h2d3	figs-you	οὐ φιμώσεις	1	Do not put a muzzle on	Moses was speaking to the Israelites as if they were one person, so this command is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	9	9	sxk2	figs-rquestion	μὴ τῶν βοῶν μέλει τῷ Θεῷ?	1	Is it really the oxen that God cares about?	Paul asks a question so that the Corinthians will think of what he is saying without him having to say it. Alternate translation: “You should know without me telling you that it is not the oxen that God cares most about.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	10	x84t	figs-rquestion	ἢ δι’ ἡμᾶς πάντως λέγει?	1	Or is he speaking entirely for our sake?	Paul asks a question to emphasize the statement he is making. Alternate translation: “Instead, God was certainly speaking about us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	10	f8f4	figs-exclusive	δι’ ἡμᾶς	1	for our sake	Here “us” refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1CO	9	11	g1wh	figs-rquestion	μέγα εἰ ἡμεῖς ὑμῶν τὰ σαρκικὰ θερίσομεν?	1	is it too much for us to reap material things from you?	Paul asks a question so that the Corinthians will think of what he is saying without him having to say it. Alternate translation: “you should know without me telling you that it is not too much for us to receive material support from you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	12	lld4	figs-exclusive	εἰ ἄλλοι τῆς ὑμῶν ἐξουσίας μετέχουσιν, οὐ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς?	1	If others exercised this right over you, should we not even more?	Paul asks a question so that the Corinthians will think of what he is saying without him having to say it. Here “we” refers to Paul and Barnabas. Alternate translation: “Others exercised…you, so you know without me telling you that we have this right even more.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	12	v333		εἰ ἄλλοι τῆς…ἐξουσίας μετέχουσιν	1	If others exercised this right	Paul and the Corinthians both know that others exercised the right. “Since others exercised this right”
1CO	9	12	nr6u		ἄλλοι	1	others	other workers of the gospel
1CO	9	12	q7vj		τῆς…ἐξουσίας	1	this right	the right to have the believers at Corinth provide for the living expenses of those who told them the good news
1CO	9	12	vt6t		μή τινα ἐνκοπὴν δῶμεν	1	to cause any hindrance	“be a burden to” or “stop the spread of”
1CO	9	13	slf9	figs-rquestion	οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι οἱ τὰ ἱερὰ ἐργαζόμενοι, τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἐσθίουσιν	1	Do you not know that those who serve in the temple eat from the things of the temple	Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you that those who serve in the temple get their food from the temple.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	13	wwj4	figs-rquestion	οἱ τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ παρεδρεύοντες, τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ συνμερίζονται?	1	those who serve at the altar partake from the altar?	Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you that those who serve at the altar get some of the foods and meat that people offer on the altar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	14	rj38	figs-metonymy	ἐκ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ζῆν	1	get their living from the gospel	The words “the gospel” here are a metonym for 1) the people to whom they tell the gospel, “receive their food and other things they need from those to whom they teach the good news,” or 2) the result of working to tell the gospel, “receive their food and other things they need because they work to tell the good news.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	9	15	fs7a		τούτων	1	these rights	“these things that I deserve”
1CO	9	15	sy42	figs-activepassive	ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί	1	so that this might be done for me	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so you will do something for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	9	15	fd69		τὸ καύχημά μου…κενώσει	1	deprive me of my boasting	“take away this opportunity I have to boast”
1CO	9	16	ecw2		ἀνάγκη…μοι ἐπίκειται	1	this necessity was placed upon me	“I must preach the gospel”
1CO	9	16	l7as		οὐαὶ…μοί ἐστιν, ἐὰν	1	woe be to me if	“may I suffer misfortune if”
1CO	9	17	x6s9		εἰ…ἑκὼν τοῦτο πράσσω	1	if I do this willingly	“if I preach willingly” or “if I preach because I want to”
1CO	9	17	t8pm	figs-ellipsis	εἰ δὲ ἄκων	1	But if not willingly	The words “I do this” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “But if I do this unwillingly” or “But if I do this even though I do not want to” or “But if I do this because I was forced to do it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO	9	17	xa5p	figs-activepassive	οἰκονομίαν πεπίστευμαι	1	I have been entrusted with a stewardship	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I must do this work that God trusted me to complete” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	9	18	lg51	figs-rquestion	τίς οὖν μού ἐστιν ὁ μισθός?	1	What then is my reward?	Paul is preparing them for the new information he is going to give them. Alternate translation: “This is my reward.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	18	ia5x		ἵνα εὐαγγελιζόμενος ἀδάπανον, θήσω τὸ εὐαγγέλιον	1	That when I preach, I may offer the gospel without charge	“My reward for preaching is that I can preach without receiving payment”
1CO	9	18	dln7		θήσω τὸ εὐαγγέλιον	1	offer the gospel	“preach the gospel”
1CO	9	18	fn7i		εἰς τὸ μὴ καταχρήσασθαι τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ μου ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ	1	so not take full use of my right in the gospel	“so not ask people to support me as I travel and preach”
1CO	9	19	s48l	figs-metaphor	ἐλεύθερος…ὢν ἐκ πάντων	1	I am free from all	“Free from all” here is an idiom meaning the ability to live without thinking of what one must do for others. Alternate translation: “I am able to live without serving others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	9	19	mms9		τοὺς πλείονας κερδήσω	1	I might gain even more	“persuade others to believe” or “help others trust in Christ”
1CO	9	20	hh8t		ἐγενόμην…ὡς Ἰουδαῖος	1	I became like a Jew	“I acted like a Jew” or “I practiced Jewish customs”
1CO	9	20	s9tu		ὡς ὑπὸ νόμον	1	I became like one under the law	“I became like one committed to following the demands of the Jewish leadership, accepting their understanding of the Jewish scriptures”
1CO	9	21	qtu7		ἀνόμοις	1	outside the law	“who do not obey the laws of Moses”
1CO	9	24	vn1d			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains that he uses the liberty he has in Christ to discipline himself.
1CO	9	24	urh5	figs-rquestion	οὐκ οἴδατε, ὅτι οἱ ἐν σταδίῳ τρέχοντες, πάντες μὲν τρέχουσιν, εἷς δὲ λαμβάνει τὸ βραβεῖον?	1	Do you not know that in a race all the runners run the race, but that only one receives the prize?	Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. Alternate translation: “Let me remind you that although all runners run the race, only one runner receives the prize.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	9	24	mq1d	figs-metaphor	τρέχουσι	1	run	Paul compares living the Christian life and working for God to running a race and being an athlete. As in a race, the Christian life and work require strict discipline on the part of the runner, and, as in a race, the Christian has a specific goal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	9	24	mh8z	figs-metaphor	οὕτως τρέχετε, ἵνα καταλάβητε	1	So run in such a way that you might obtain it	Paul is speaking of the reward God will give his faithful people as if it were a prize given for an athletic contest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	9	25	bfe4	figs-metaphor	φθαρτὸν στέφανον…ἄφθαρτον	1	a wreath that is perishable…one that is imperishable	A wreath is a bunch of leaves twisted together. Wreaths were given as prizes to athletes who won games and races. Paul speaks of eternal life as if it were a wreath that would never dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	9	26	k64n	figs-metaphor	ἐγὼ…οὕτως τρέχω, ὡς οὐκ ἀδήλως; οὕτως πυκτεύω, ὡς οὐκ ἀέρα δέρων	1	I do not run without purpose or box by beating the air	Here “running” and “boxing” are both metaphors for living the Christian life and serving God. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I know very well why I am running, and I know what I am doing when I box” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1CO	9	27	blb7	figs-activepassive	μή…αὐτὸς ἀδόκιμος γένωμαι	1	I myself may not be disqualified	This passive sentence can be rephrased to an active form. The judge of a race or competition is a metaphor for God. Alternate translation: “the judge will not disqualify me” or “God will not say that I have failed to obey the rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	10	intro	abcd			0		# 1 Corinthians 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 8-10 together answer the question: “Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?”<br><br>In this chapter, Paul uses the exodus to warn people not to sin. Then, he returns to discussing meat offered to idols. He uses the Lord’s Supper as an example. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Exodus<br>Paul uses the experiences of Israel leaving Egypt and roaming the desert as a warning to the believers. Although the Israelites all followed Moses, they all died on the way. None of them reached the Promised Land. Some worshiped an idol, some tested God, and some grumbled. Paul warns Christians not to sin. We can resist temptation because God provides a way of escape. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### Eating meat sacrificed to idol<br>Paul discusses meat offered to idols. Christians are allowed to eat, but it may hurt others. So when buying meat or eating with a friend, do not ask if it has been offered to idols. But if someone tells you it has been offered to idols, don’t eat it for the sake of that person. Do not offend anyone. Seek to save them instead. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize important points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)<br>
1CO	10	1	r66h			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds them of the example of their ancient Jewish fathers’ experiences with immorality and idolatry.
1CO	10	1	g34f	figs-inclusive	οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν	1	our fathers	Paul is referring to the time of Moses in the book of Exodus when Israel fled through the Red Sea as the Egyptian army pursued them. The word “our” refers to himself and the Corinthians and is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO	10	1	v4c6		διὰ τῆς θαλάσσης διῆλθον	1	passed through the sea	This sea is known by two names, the Red Sea and the Sea of Reeds.
1CO	10	1	z5s9		διὰ…διῆλθον	1	passed through	“walked through” or “traveled through”
1CO	10	2	f7cq		πάντες εἰς τὸν Μωϋσῆν ἐβαπτίσαντο	1	All were baptized into Moses	“All followed and were committed to Moses”
1CO	10	2	y72i		ἐν τῇ νεφέλῃ	1	in the cloud	by the cloud that represented the presence of God and led the Israelites during the day
1CO	10	4	xut2		τὸ αὐτὸ πνευματικὸν ἔπιον πόμα…πνευματικῆς…πέτρας	1	drank the same spiritual drink…spiritual rock	“drank the same water that God supernaturally brought out of the rock…supernatural rock”
1CO	10	4	whj4	figs-metonymy	ἡ…πέτρα ἦν ὁ Χριστός	1	that rock was Christ	The “rock” was a literal, physical rock, so it would be best to translate this literally. If your language cannot say that a rock “was” a person’s name, treat the word “rock” as a metonym for the power of Christ that worked through the rock. Alternate translation: “it was Christ who worked through that rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	10	5	lh93	figs-litotes	οὐκ…ηὐδόκησεν	1	not well pleased	“displeased” or “angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1CO	10	5	tnu4		τοῖς πλείοσιν αὐτῶν	1	most of them	the Israelite fathers
1CO	10	5	w673		κατεστρώθησαν	1	their corpses were scattered about	“God scattered their dead bodies around” or “God killed them and scattered their bodies”
1CO	10	5	b96g		ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ	1	in the wilderness	the desert land between Egypt and Israel through which the Israelites wandered for 40 years
1CO	10	7	nzt9		εἰδωλολάτραι	1	idolaters	people who worship idols
1CO	10	7	n175		ἐκάθισεν…φαγεῖν καὶ πεῖν	1	sat down to eat and drink	“sat down to eat a meal”
1CO	10	7	ukp4	figs-euphemism	παίζειν	1	to play	Paul is quoting the Jewish scriptures. His readers would have understood from this one word that the people were worshiping an idol by singing and dancing and engaging in sexual activities, not simply enjoying innocent fun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1CO	10	8	vw5g		ἔπεσαν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ εἴκοσι τρεῖς χιλιάδες	1	In one day, twenty-three thousand people died	“God killed 23,000 people in one day”
1CO	10	9	l5h4	figs-activepassive	ὑπὸ τῶν ὄφεων ἀπώλλυντο	1	were destroyed by snakes	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “did. As a result, snakes destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	10	10	nye7		γογγύζετε	1	grumble	complaining
1CO	10	10	i3q3	figs-activepassive	ἀπώλοντο ὑπὸ τοῦ ὀλοθρευτοῦ	1	were destroyed by the destroyer	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “did. As a result, an angel of death destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	10	11	u1mp		ταῦτα…συνέβαινεν ἐκείνοις	1	these things happened to them	“God punished our ancestors”
1CO	10	11	wmp1	figs-inclusive	τυπικῶς	1	as examples	Here “us” refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO	10	11	j3z1		τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰώνων	1	the end of the ages	“the last days”
1CO	10	12	df2p		μὴ πέσῃ	1	does not fall	does not sin or reject God
1CO	10	13	a8vj	figs-doublenegatives	πειρασμὸς ὑμᾶς οὐκ εἴληφεν, εἰ μὴ ἀνθρώπινος	1	No temptation has overtaken you that is not common to all humanity	This can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “The temptations that affect you are temptations that all people experience” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1CO	10	13	hc7q		ὃς οὐκ ἐάσει ὑμᾶς πειρασθῆναι ὑπὲρ ὃ δύνασθε	1	He will not let you be tempted beyond your ability	“He will only allow you to be tempted in ways that you are strong enough to resist”
1CO	10	13	a72t	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἐάσει ὑμᾶς πειρασθῆναι	1	will not let you be tempted	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will not allow anyone to tempt you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	10	14	dab4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to remind them to be pure and to stay away from idolatry and immorality as he talks about communion, which represents the blood and body of Christ.
1CO	10	14	n5tb	figs-metaphor	φεύγετε ἀπὸ τῆς εἰδωλολατρίας	1	flee away from idolatry	Paul is speaking of the practice of worshiping idols as if it were a physical thing like a dangerous animal. Alternate translation: “do all you can to get away from worshiping idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	10	16	gi4s	figs-metaphor	τὸ ποτήριον τῆς εὐλογίας	1	The cup of blessing	Paul is speaking of God’s blessing as though it were the wine in the cup used in the ritual of the Lord’s Supper. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	10	16	tv8e		ὃ εὐλογοῦμεν	1	that we bless	“for which we thank God”
1CO	10	16	y5uv	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ κοινωνία ἐστὶν τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ?	1	is it not a sharing in the blood of Christ?	Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know, that the cup of wine that we share represents us sharing in the blood of Christ. Alternate translation: “we share in the blood of Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	10	16	ngf6	figs-rquestion	τὸν ἄρτον ὃν κλῶμεν, οὐχὶ κοινωνία τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐστιν?	1	The bread that we break, is it not a sharing in the body of Christ?	Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know. Alternate translation: “We share in the body of Christ when we share bread.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	10	16	n77u		κοινωνία	1	a sharing	“taking part in” or “equally participating with others in”
1CO	10	17	g954		ἄρτος	1	loaf of bread	a single unit of baked bread that is sliced or broken into pieces before it is eaten
1CO	10	18	q9ng	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ οἱ ἐσθίοντες τὰς θυσίας, κοινωνοὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου εἰσίν	1	Are not those who eat the sacrifices participants in the altar?	Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know so that he can give them new information. Alternate translation: “those who eat the sacrifices share in the activities and the blessings of the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	10	19	ix5q	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν φημι?	1	What am I saying then?	Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know so that he can give them new information. Alternate translation: “Let me review what I am saying.” or “This is what I mean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	10	19	hy95	figs-rquestion	ἢ ὅτι εἴδωλόν τὶ ἐστιν?	1	Or that an idol is anything?	Paul wants the Corinthians to answer the question in their minds so he does not have to tell them. Alternate translation: “You know that I am not saying that an idol is something real.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO	10	19	j8dj	figs-rquestion	ὅτι εἰδωλόθυτόν τὶ ἐστιν	1	Or that food sacrificed to an idol is anything?	Paul wants the Corinthians to answer the question in their minds so he does not have to tell them. Alternate translation: “You know that I am not saying that food sacrificed to an idol is not important.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO	10	21	dy2g	figs-metonymy	οὐ δύνασθε ποτήριον Κυρίου πίνειν, καὶ ποτήριον δαιμονίων	1	You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons	Paul speaks of a person drinking from the same cup as the demon as evidence that that person is a friend of the demon. Alternate translation: “It is impossible for you to be true friends with both the Lord and demons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	10	21	qwk7		οὐ δύνασθε τραπέζης Κυρίου μετέχειν, καὶ τραπέζης δαιμονίων	1	You cannot partake of the table of the Lord and the table of demons	“It is impossible for you to be truly one with the Lord’s people and also with demons”
1CO	10	22	l8ik		ἢ παραζηλοῦμεν τὸν Κύριον	1	Or do we provoke the Lord to jealousy?	Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this question in their minds. Alternate translation: “You should know without me telling you that it is not right to make the Lord jealous.”
1CO	10	22	h9fh		παραζηλοῦμεν	1	provoke	to anger or irritate
1CO	10	22	zv17	figs-rquestion	μὴ ἰσχυρότεροι αὐτοῦ ἐσμεν?	1	We are not stronger than him, are we?	Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this question in their minds. Alternate translation: “You should know without me telling you that we are not stronger than God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	10	23	ped1			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul again reminds them of the law of liberty and doing everything for the benefit of others.
1CO	10	23	tu2m		πάντα ἔξεστιν	1	Everything is lawful	Possible meanings are 1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, “Some say, ‘I can do anything’” or 2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, “God allows me to do anything.” This should be translated as in [1 Corinthians 6:12](../06/12.md).
1CO	10	23	jm4k		οὐ πάντα συμφέρει	1	not everything is beneficial	“some things are not beneficial”
1CO	10	23	ex6z	figs-metaphor	οὐ πάντα οἰκοδομεῖ	1	not everything builds people up	Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “not everything strengthens people” or “some things do not strengthen people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	10	27	g31y		ὑμῖν…μηδὲν ἀνακρίνοντες διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν	1	you without asking questions of conscience	“you. God wants you to eat the food with a clear conscience”
1CO	10	28	q3zt	figs-you	ἐὰν δέ τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ…μὴ ἐσθίετε…τὸν μηνύσαντα	1	But if someone says to you…do not eat…who informed you	Some translations put this verse, continuing to “and not yours” in the next verse, in parentheses because 1) the forms of “you” and “eat” here are singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after this sentence, and 2) the words “For why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience?” in the next verse seem to build on “eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience” ([1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md)) rather than “the conscience of the other man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	10	28	qi77	figs-you	ὑμῖν εἴπῃ…μὴ ἐσθίετε…τὸν μηνύσαντα	1	says to you…do not eat…informed you	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “you” and the command “do not eat” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	10	29	v1d9	figs-you	συνείδησιν δὲ λέγω, οὐχὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ	1	the conscience of the other man, I mean, and not yours	Some translations put these words, along with the words in the verse before this one, in parentheses because 1) the form of “yours” here is singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after this sentence, and 2) the words “For why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience?” in this verse seem to build on “eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience” ([1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md)) rather than “the conscience of the other man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	10	29	s1wk	figs-you	οὐχὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ	1	and not yours	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “yours” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	10	29	k8xr		ἵνα τί γὰρ…συνειδήσεως?	1	For why…conscience?	Possible meanings for this question, along with the question in the next verse, are 1) the word “for” refers back to [1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md). Alternate translation: “I am not to ask questions of conscience, so why…conscience?” or 2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. Alternate translation: “As some of you might be thinking, ‘For why…conscience?’”
1CO	10	29	d4q1	figs-rquestion	ἵνα τί…ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως?	1	why should my freedom be judged by another’s conscience?	The speaker wants the hearer to answer the question in his mind. Alternate translation: “You should know without me telling you that no one should be able to say I am doing wrong just because that person has ideas about right and wrong that are different from mine.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	10	30	dv5f	figs-rquestion	εἰ ἐγὼ χάριτι μετέχω, τί βλασφημοῦμαι ὑπὲρ οὗ ἐγὼ εὐχαριστῶ?	1	If I partake of the meal with gratitude, why am I being insulted for that for which I gave thanks?	The speaker wants the hearer to answer the question in his mind. Alternate translation: “I partake of the meal with gratitude, so no one should insult me for that for which I gave thanks.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	10	30	x2v5		εἰ ἐγὼ…μετέχω	1	If I partake	If Paul is not quoting what some Corinthians might be thinking, the “I” represents those who eat meat with thankfulness. “If a person partakes” or “When a person eats”
1CO	10	30	n89t		χάριτι	1	with gratitude	“and thank God for it” or “and thank the person who gave it to me for it”
1CO	10	32	ag47		ἀπρόσκοποι καὶ Ἰουδαίοις γίνεσθε, καὶ Ἕλλησιν	1	Give no offense to Jews or to Greeks	“Do not displease Jews or Greeks” or “Do not make Jews or Greeks angry”
1CO	10	33	kj14		πάντα…ἀρέσκω	1	try to please all people	“make all people glad”
1CO	10	33	b4jv		μὴ ζητῶν τὸ ἐμαυτοῦ σύμφορον	1	I do not seek my benefit	“I do not do things I desire for myself”
1CO	10	33	hd2z		τῶν πολλῶν	1	the many	as many people as possible
1CO	11	intro	abce			0		# 1 Corinthians 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the beginning of a new section of the letter (Chapters 11-14). Paul now talks about proper church services. In this chapter, he deals with two different problems: women in the church services (verses 1-16) and the Lord’s Supper (verses 17-34).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Proper conduct in a church service<br><br>### Disorderly women<br>Paul’s instructions here are debated among scholars. There may have been women who were abusing their Christian freedom and causing disorder in the church by going against established cultural customs. The disorder that their actions created would have caused him to be concerned.<br><br>### The Lord’s Supper<br>There were problems in how the Corinthians were handling the Lord’s Supper. They did not act in a unified manner. During the feast celebrated along with the Lord’s Supper, some of them ate their own food without sharing. Some of them got drunk while the poor people remained hungry. Paul taught that the believers dishonored Christ’s death if they participated in the Lord’s Supper while they were sinning or while they were in broken relationships with each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Paul uses rhetorical questions to scold the people for their unwillingness to follow the rules for worship he has suggested. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>### The head<br><br>Paul uses “head” as a metonym for authority in verse 3 and also to refer to a person’s actual head in verse 4 and following. Since they are so close together, it is likely that Paul intentionally used “head” in this way. This would show that the ideas in these verses were connected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br>
1CO	11	1	h5fg			0	Connecting Statement:	After reminding them to follow him the way he follows Christ, Paul gives some specific instructs in how women and men are to live as believers.
1CO	11	2	qsk9		πάντα μου μέμνησθε	1	you remember me in everything	“you think of me at all times” or “you always try act as I would want you to act” The Corinthians had not forgotten who Paul was or what he had taught them.
1CO	11	3	k5um		θέλω δὲ	1	Now I want	Possible meanings are 1) “Because of this, I want” or 2) “However, I want.”
1CO	11	3	hbt7		ἡ κεφαλὴ…ἐστιν	1	is the head	has authority over
1CO	11	3	en95		κεφαλὴ…γυναικὸς ὁ ἀνήρ	1	a man is the head of a woman	Possible meanings are 1) “men are to have authority over women” or 2) “the husband is to have authority over the wife”
1CO	11	4	uuv2		κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων	1	having something on his head	“and does so after placing a cloth or veil over his head”
1CO	11	4	lit3		καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ	1	dishonors his head	Possible meanings are 1) “brings disgrace on himself” or 2) “brings disgrace on Christ, who is his head.”
1CO	11	5	b7ku		γυνὴ προσευχομένη…καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῆς	1	woman who prays…dishonors her head	Possible meanings are 1) “woman who prays…brings disgrace on herself” or 2) “wife who prays…brings disgrace on her husband.”
1CO	11	5	k5yl		ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλῇ	1	with her head uncovered	That is, without the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders.
1CO	11	5	e1pz		τῇ ἐξυρημένῃ	1	as if her head were shaved	as if she had removed all the hair on her head with a razor
1CO	11	6	s4r5		εἰ…αἰσχρὸν γυναικὶ	1	If it is disgraceful for a woman	It was a mark of disgrace or humiliation for a woman to have her hair shaved off or cut short.
1CO	11	6	i624		κατακαλύπτεται	1	cover her head	place on her head the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders
1CO	11	7	aa4r	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ὀφείλει κατακαλύπτεσθαι τὴν κεφαλήν	1	should not have his head covered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “must not cover his head” or 2) “does not need to cover his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	11	7	t5jn		δόξα ἀνδρός	1	glory of the man	Just as man reflects God’s greatness, the woman reflects the man’s character.
1CO	11	8	s5ns	figs-activepassive	οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἀνὴρ ἐκ γυναικός, ἀλλὰ γυνὴ ἐξ ἀνδρός.	1	For man was not made from woman. Instead, woman was made from man	God made the woman by taking a bone from the man and making the woman from that bone. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not make the man from the woman. Instead, he made the woman from the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	11	9	w8jm		γὰρ οὐκ…διὰ τὸν ἄνδρα	1	For neither…for man	These words and all of [1 Corinthians 11:8](../11/08.md) could be put in parentheses so that the reader can see that the word “this” in “this is why…the angels” clearly refers back to the words “the woman is the glory of the man” in [1 Corinthians 11:7](../11/07.md).
1CO	11	10	wh4c		ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς	1	have a symbol of authority on her head	Possible meanings are 1) “to symbolize that she has man as her head” or 2) “to symbolize that she has the authority to pray or prophesy.”
1CO	11	11	pir4		πλὴν…ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	Nevertheless, in the Lord	“While what I have just said is all true, the most important thing is this: in the Lord”
1CO	11	11	h9t4		ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	in the Lord	Possible meanings are 1) “among Christians, who belong to the Lord” or 2) “in the world as created by God.”
1CO	11	11	hqy4	figs-doublenegatives	οὔτε γυνὴ χωρὶς ἀνδρὸς, οὔτε ἀνὴρ χωρὶς γυναικὸς ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	the woman is not independent from the man, nor is the man independent from the woman	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “the woman depends on the man, and the man depends on the woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1CO	11	12	i8qu		τὰ…πάντα ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	all things come from God	“God created everything”
1CO	11	13	eex3		ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς κρίνατε	1	Judge for yourselves	“Judge this issue according to the local customs and church practices you know”
1CO	11	13	hp13	figs-activepassive	πρέπον ἐστὶν γυναῖκα ἀκατακάλυπτον, τῷ Θεῷ προσεύχεσθαι?	1	Is it proper for a woman to pray to God with her head uncovered?	Paul expects the Corinthians to agree with him. This can be stated in active form. “To honor God, a woman should pray to God with a covering on her head.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	11	14	v5b5	figs-rquestion	οὐδὲ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ διδάσκει ὑμᾶς…αὐτῷ ἐστιν;	1	Does not even nature itself teach you…for him?	Paul expects the Corinthians to agree with him. Alternate translation: “Nature itself even teaches you…for him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	11	14	gyw9	figs-personification	οὐδὲ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ διδάσκει ὑμᾶς…αὐτῷ ἐστιν;	1	Does not even nature itself teach you…for him?	He is speaking of the way people in society normally act as if it were a person who teaches. Alternate translation: “You know just from looking at the way people normally act…for him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1CO	11	15	s7ys	figs-activepassive	ὅτι ἡ κόμη…δέδοται αὐτῇ	1	For her hair has been given to her	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For God created woman with hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	11	17	id4f			0	Connecting Statement:	As Paul talks about communion, the Lord’s supper, he reminds them to have right attitudes as well as unity. He reminds them that if they fail in those things when taking communion, they will become sick and die, as has already happened to some of them.
1CO	11	17	vt5a		τοῦτο δὲ παραγγέλλων, οὐκ ἐπαινῶ, ὅτι	1	in the following instructions, I do not praise you. For	Another possible meaning is “as I give you these instructions, there is something for which I cannot praise you: when”
1CO	11	17	t2sm		τοῦτο…παραγγέλλων	1	the following instructions	“the instructions I am about to talk about”
1CO	11	17	ry4k		συνέρχεσθε	1	you come together	“gather together” or “meet”
1CO	11	17	du1a		οὐκ εἰς τὸ κρεῖσσον, ἀλλὰ εἰς τὸ ἧσσον	1	it is not for the better but for the worse	“you do not help each other; instead, you harm each other”
1CO	11	18	iu3q		ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ	1	in the church	“as believers.” Paul is not talking about being inside a building.
1CO	11	18	l9vx		σχίσματα ἐν ὑμῖν ὑπάρχειν	1	there are divisions among you	“you divide yourselves into opposing groups”
1CO	11	19	s9sy	figs-irony	δεῖ γὰρ καὶ αἱρέσεις ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι	1	For there must also be factions among you	Possible meanings 1) The word “must” indicates that this situation is likely to happen. Alternate translation: “For there will probably be factions among you” or 2) Paul was using irony to shame them for having factions. Alternate translation: “For you seem to think that there must be factions among you” or “For you seem to think that you must divide yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO	11	19	kcr7		αἱρέσεις	1	factions	opposing groups of people
1CO	11	19	vfv4	figs-irony	ἵνα καὶ οἱ δόκιμοι φανεροὶ γένωνται ἐν ὑμῖν	1	so that those who are approved may be recognized among you	Possible meanings are 1) “so that people will know the most highly regarded believers among you” or 2) “so that people can display this approval to the others among you.” Paul may have been using irony, saying the opposite of what he wanted the Corinthians to understand, to shame them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1CO	11	19	j7db		δόκιμοι	1	who are approved	Possible meanings are 1) “whom God approves” or 2) “whom you, the church, approve.”
1CO	11	20	x9h5		συνερχομένων	1	come together	“gather together”
1CO	11	20	dse7		οὐκ ἔστιν Κυριακὸν δεῖπνον φαγεῖν	1	it is not the Lord’s Supper that you eat	“you may believe you are eating the Lord’s Supper, but you do not treat it with respect”
1CO	11	22	zl1h		ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν	1	to eat and to drink in	“in which to gather for a meal”
1CO	11	22	d2cm		καταφρονεῖτε	1	despise	hate or treat with dishonor and disrespect
1CO	11	22	w476		καταισχύνετε	1	humiliate	embarrass or cause to feel shame
1CO	11	22	nz88	figs-rquestion	τί εἴπω ὑμῖν? ἐπαινέσω ὑμᾶς ἐν τούτῳ?	1	What should I say to you? Should I praise you?	Paul is rebuking the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “I can say nothing good about this. I cannot praise you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	11	23	av31		ἐγὼ γὰρ παρέλαβον ἀπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου, ὃ καὶ παρέδωκα ὑμῖν, ὅτι ὁ Κύριος	1	For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you, that the Lord	“For it was from the Lord that I heard what I told you, and it was this: the Lord”
1CO	11	23	c197	figs-activepassive	ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ᾗ παρεδίδετο	1	on the night when he was betrayed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “on the night that Judas Iscariot betrayed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	11	24	e19d		ἔκλασεν	1	he broke it	“he pulled pieces from it”
1CO	11	24	f6hn		τοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ σῶμα	1	This is my body	“The bread I am holding is my body”
1CO	11	25	gr2k		τὸ ποτήριον	1	the cup	It is best to translate this literally. The Corinthians knew which cup he took, so it is not simply “a cup” or “some cup” or “any cup.” Possible meanings are that it was 1) the cup of wine that one would expect him to use or 2) the third or fourth of the four cups of wine that the Jews drank at the Passover meal.
1CO	11	25	z54e		τοῦτο ποιεῖτε, ὁσάκις ἐὰν πίνητε	1	Do this as often as you drink it	“Drink from this cup, and as often as you drink from it”
1CO	11	26	sj1l		τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου καταγγέλλετε	1	proclaim the Lord’s death	teach about the crucifixion and resurrection
1CO	11	26	m89f	figs-explicit	ἄχρι οὗ ἔλθῃ	1	until he comes	Where Jesus comes to can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “until Jesus comes back to the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO	11	27	as6y		ἂν ἐσθίῃ τὸν ἄρτον ἢ πίνῃ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ Κυρίου	1	eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord	“eats the bread of the Lord or drinks the cup of the Lord”
1CO	11	28	nhx7	figs-metaphor	δοκιμαζέτω	1	examine	Paul speaks of a person looking at his relationship to God and how he has been living his life as if that person is looking over something he wants to buy. See how “test the quality” is translated in [1 Corinthians 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	11	29	gqd2		μὴ διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα	1	without discerning the body	Possible meanings are 1) “and does not recognize that the church is the body of the Lord” or 2) “and does not consider that he is handling the Lord’s body.”
1CO	11	30	kbi6		ἀσθενεῖς καὶ ἄρρωστοι	1	weak and ill	These words mean almost the same thing and can be combined, as in UST.
1CO	11	30	vx5t	figs-euphemism	κοιμῶνται ἱκανοί	1	and many of you have fallen asleep	“Sleep” here is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “and some of you have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]).
1CO	11	30	bh6j	figs-explicit	ἱκανοί	1	many of you	If this would sound like Paul is talking to those who have died, you may need to make explicit that he is not. Alternate translation: “some of the members of your group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO	11	31	j6ml	figs-metaphor	διεκρίνομεν	1	examine	Paul speaks of a person looking at his relationship to God and how he has been living his life as if that person is looking over something he wants to buy. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 11:28](../11/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	11	31	egl8	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἂν ἐκρινόμεθα	1	we will not be judged	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not judge us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	11	32	ruq5	figs-activepassive	κρινόμενοι…ὑπὸ Κυρίου, παιδευόμεθα, ἵνα μὴ…κατακριθῶμεν	1	we are judged by the Lord, we are disciplined, so that we may not be condemned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Lord judges us, he disciplines us, so that he will not condemn us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	11	33	maa7		συνερχόμενοι εἰς τὸ φαγεῖν	1	come together to eat	gather to eat a meal together before celebrating the Lord’s Supper
1CO	11	33	nky5		ἀλλήλους ἐκδέχεσθε	1	wait for one another	“allow the others to arrive before beginning the meal”
1CO	11	34	v2uh		ἐν οἴκῳ ἐσθιέτω	1	let him eat at home	“let him eat before attending this gathering”
1CO	11	34	x1l8	figs-metonymy	μὴ εἰς κρίμα	1	not be for judgment	“it will not be an occasion for God to discipline you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	12	intro	abcf			0		# 1 Corinthians 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Gifts of the Holy Spirit<br><br>This chapter begins a new section. Chapters 12-14 discuss spiritual gifts within the church.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Church, the body of Christ<br><br>This is an important metaphor in Scripture. The Church has many different parts. Each part has different functions. They combine to make one church. All of the different parts are necessary. Each part is to be concerned for all the other parts, even those that seem less important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “No one can say, ‘Jesus is Lord,’ except by the Holy Spirit.”<br>In reading the Old Testament, the Jews would have substituted the word “Lord” for the word “Yahweh.” This sentence probably means that no one can say that Jesus is Yahweh, God in the flesh, without the Holy Spirit’s influence drawing them to accept this truth. If this statement is translated poorly, it can have unintended theological consequences.<br>
1CO	12	1	da2e			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul lets them know that God has given special gifts to believers. These gifts are to help the body of believers.
1CO	12	1	i3k7	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν	1	I do not want you to be uninformed	This can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “I want you to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1CO	12	2	hbt8	figs-metaphor	ἦτε, πρὸς τὰ εἴδωλα τὰ ἄφωνα ὡς ἂν ἤγεσθε, ἀπαγόμενοι	1	you were led astray to idols who could not speak, in whatever ways you were led by them	Here “led astray” is a metaphor for being persuaded to do something wrong. Being led astray to idols represents being wrongly persuaded to worship idols. The phrases “were led astray” and “you were led by them” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you were persuaded in some way to worship idols who cannot speak” or “you believed lies somehow and so you worshiped idols who cannot speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	12	3	zg4j		οὐδεὶς ἐν Πνεύματι Θεοῦ λαλῶν, λέγει	1	no one who speaks by the Spirit of God can say	Possible meanings are 1) “no Christian who has the Spirit of God in him can say” or 2) “no one who is prophesying by the power of the Spirit of God can say.”
1CO	12	3	jak6		ἀνάθεμα Ἰησοῦς	1	Jesus is accursed	“God will punish Jesus” or “God will make Jesus suffer”
1CO	12	6	eth3		ὁ ἐνεργῶν τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν	1	who is working all things in everyone	“causes everyone to have them”
1CO	12	7	x7mv	figs-activepassive	ἑκάστῳ…δίδοται	1	to each one is given	This can be stated in active form. God is the one who does the giving ([1 Corinthians 12:6](../12/06.md)). Alternate translation: “God gives to each one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	12	8	c9ak	figs-activepassive	ᾧ μὲν…διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος δίδοται λόγος	1	to one is given by the Spirit a word	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “by means of the Spirit God gives to one person the word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	12	8	us1k		λόγος	1	a word	“the message”
1CO	12	8	gi53		διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος	1	by the Spirit	God gives the gifts through the work of the Spirit.
1CO	12	8	a872		σοφίας…γνώσεως	1	wisdom…knowledge	The difference between these two words is not as important here as the fact that God gives them both by the same Spirit.
1CO	12	8	p2pm	figs-hendiadys	λόγος σοφίας	1	a word of wisdom	Paul is communicating one idea through two words. Alternate translation: “wise words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1CO	12	8	a9pr	figs-hendiadys	λόγος γνώσεως	1	a word of knowledge	Paul is communicating one idea through two words. Alternate translation: “words that show knowldge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1CO	12	8	pe8s	figs-activepassive	δίδοται	1	is given	This can be stated in active form. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 12:8](../12/08.md). Alternate translation: “God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	12	9	d7qg	figs-ellipsis	ἄλλῳ…χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων ἐν τῷ ἑνὶ Πνεύματι	1	to another gifts of healing by the one Spirit	The words “are given” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to another gifts of healing by the one Spirit are given” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO	12	10	x572	figs-ellipsis	ἄλλῳ προφητεία	1	to another prophecy	The phrase “is given by the same Spirit” is understood from the previous phrases. Alternate translation: “to another prophecy is given by the same Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO	12	10	v7xy	figs-ellipsis	ἑτέρῳ γένη γλωσσῶν	1	to another various kinds of tongues	The phrase “are given by the same Spirit” is understood from the previous phrases. Alternate translation: “to another various kinds of tongues are given by the same Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO	12	10	skl8	figs-metonymy	γένη γλωσσῶν	1	various kinds of tongues	Here “tongues” represents languages. Alternate translation: “the ability to speak different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	12	10	j8qk	figs-ellipsis	ἄλλῳ…ἑρμηνία γλωσσῶν	1	to another the interpretation of tongues	The phrase “is given by the same Spirit” is understood from the previous phrases. Alternate translation: “to another the interpretation of tongues is given by the same Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO	12	10	c14y		ἑρμηνία γλωσσῶν	1	the interpretation of tongues	This is the ability to listen to what someone says in one language and use another language to tell people what that person is saying. Alternate translation: “the ability to interpret what is said in other languages”
1CO	12	11	z383		τὸ ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ Πνεῦμα	1	one and the same Spirit	God gives the gifts through the work of the one and only Holy Spirit. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 12:8](../12/08.md).
1CO	12	12	j3xl			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to talk of the variety of gifts God gives believers, God gives different gifts to different believers, but Paul wants them to know that all believers are made into one body, which is called the body of Christ. For this reason believers should have unity.
1CO	12	13	g8uk	figs-activepassive	γὰρ ἐν ἑνὶ Πνεύματι ἡμεῖς πάντες…ἐβαπτίσθημεν	1	For by one Spirit we were all baptized	Possible meanings are 1) the Holy Spirit is the one who baptizes us, “For one Spirit baptized us” or 2) that the Spirit, like the water of baptism, is the medium through which we are baptized into the body, “For in one Spirit we were all baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	12	13	r9hm	figs-metonymy	εἴτε…δοῦλοι, εἴτε ἐλεύθεροι	1	whether bound or free	“Bound” here is a metonym for “slaves.” Alternate translation: “whether slave-people or free-people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	12	13	r5kw	figs-activepassive	πάντες ἓν Πνεῦμα ἐποτίσθημεν	1	all were made to drink of one Spirit	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave all of us the same Spirit, and we share the Spirit as people might share a drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	12	17	rsl6	figs-rquestion	ποῦ ἡ ἀκοή?…ποῦ ἡ ὄσφρησις?	1	where would the sense of hearing be?…where would the sense of smell be?	This can be made a statement. Alternate translation: “you could not hear anything…you could not smell anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	12	19	zw6k		τὰ…ἓν μέλος	1	the same member	The word “member” is a general word for the parts of the body, like the head, arm, or knee. Alternate translation: “the same part of the body”
1CO	12	19	y4vg	figs-rquestion	ποῦ τὸ σῶμα?	1	where would the body be?	This can be made a statement. Alternate translation: “there would be no body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	12	21	u9r9		χρείαν σου οὐκ ἔχω	1	I have no need of you	“I do not need you”
1CO	12	23	rrs6		ἀτιμότερα	1	less honorable	“less important”
1CO	12	23	id5z	figs-euphemism	τὰ ἀσχήμονα ἡμῶν	1	our unpresentable members	This probably refers to the private parts of the body, which people keep covered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1CO	12	25	z4kk		μὴ ᾖ σχίσμα ἐν τῷ σώματι, ἀλλὰ	1	there may be no division within the body, but	“the body may be unified, and”
1CO	12	26	da97	figs-activepassive	δοξάζεται μέλος	1	one member is honored	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone gives honor to one member” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	12	27	z2ct		ὑμεῖς δέ ἐστε	1	Now you are	Here the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
1CO	12	28	ll3s		πρῶτον ἀποστόλους	1	first apostles	Possible meanings are 1) “the first gift I will mention is apostles” or 2) “the most important gift is apostles.”
1CO	12	28	unh1		ἀντιλήμψεις	1	those who provide helps	“those who provide help to other believers”
1CO	12	28	l6p1		κυβερνήσεις	1	those who do the work of administration	“those who govern the church”
1CO	12	28	w726		κυβερνήσεις	1	those who have various kinds of tongues	an individual who can speak in one or more foreign languages without having studied that language
1CO	12	29	aq64	figs-rquestion	μὴ πάντες ἀπόστολοι? μὴ πάντες προφῆται? μὴ πάντες διδάσκαλοι? μὴ πάντες δυνάμεις?	1	Are all of them apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all do powerful deeds?	Paul is reminding his readers of what they already know. Alternate translation: “Only some of them are apostles. Only some of them are prophets. Only some of them are teachers. Only some of them do powerful deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	12	30	p919	figs-rquestion	μὴ πάντες χαρίσματα ἔχουσιν ἰαμάτων?	1	Do all of them have gifts of healing?	This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Not all of them have gifts of healing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	12	30	q8ht	figs-rquestion	μὴ πάντες γλώσσαις λαλοῦσιν?	1	Do all of them speak with tongues?	This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Not all of them speak with tongues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	12	30	d3k8	figs-rquestion	μὴ πάντες διερμηνεύουσιν?	1	Do all of them interpret tongues?	This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Not all of them interpret tongues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	12	30	ab9e		διερμηνεύουσιν	1	interpret	This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
1CO	12	31	vb1m		ζηλοῦτε…τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα	1	earnestly desire the greater gifts.	Possible meanings are 1) “You must eagerly seek from God the gifts that best help the church.” or 2) “You are eagerly looking for gifts that you think are greater because you think they are more exciting to have.”
1CO	13	intro	abcg			0		# 1 Corinthians 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul seems to interrupt his teaching about spiritual gifts. However, this chapter probably serves a larger function in his teaching.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Love<br><br>Love is the most important characteristic of the believer. This chapter fully describes love. Paul tells why love is more important than the gifts of the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Paul uses many different metaphors in this chapter. He uses these metaphors to instruct the Corinthians, especially on difficult topics. Readers often need spiritual discernment to understand these teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
1CO	13	1	n8lm			0	Connecting Statement:	Having just talked about the gifts that God gave to believers, Paul emphasizes what is more important.
1CO	13	1	cm2n	figs-hyperbole	ταῖς γλώσσαις…τῶν ἀγγέλων	1	the tongues of…angels	Possible meanings are 1) Paul is exaggerating for the sake of effect and does not believe that people speak the language that angels use or 2) Paul thinks that some who speak in tongues actually speak the language that angels use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CO	13	1	k2gk	figs-metaphor	γέγονα χαλκὸς ἠχῶν ἢ κύμβαλον ἀλαλάζον	1	I have become a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal	I have become like instruments that make loud, annoying sounds (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	13	1	krt1	translate-unknown	χαλκὸς	1	gong	a large, thin, round metal plate that is hit with a padded stick to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1CO	13	1	qbx6	translate-unknown	κύμβαλον ἀλαλάζον	1	a clanging cymbal	two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1CO	13	3	ar2q	figs-activepassive	παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου	1	I give my body	The phrase “to be burned” can be made active. Alternate translation: “I allow those who persecute me to burn me to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO	13	4	m671	figs-personification	ἡ ἀγάπη μακροθυμεῖ…οὐ φυσιοῦται	1	Love is patient and kind…It is not arrogant	Here Paul speaks about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1CO	13	5	cp6x	figs-personification		0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues speaking about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1CO	13	5	xt3v	figs-activepassive	οὐ παροξύνεται	1	It is not easily angered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to make it angry quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	13	6	wl5y	figs-personification		0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues speaking about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1CO	13	6	tpz6	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ χαίρει ἐπὶ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ, συνχαίρει δὲ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ	1	It does not rejoice in unrighteousness. Instead, it rejoices in the truth	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “It rejoices only in righteousness and truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1CO	13	7	vf6x	figs-personification		0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues speaking about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1CO	13	12	bn3h		βλέπομεν γὰρ ἄρτι δι’ ἐσόπτρου ἐν αἰνίγματι	1	For now we see indirectly in a mirror	Mirrors in Paul’s day were made of polished metal rather than glass and provided a dim, vague reflection.
1CO	13	12	w2eu		βλέπομεν…ἄρτι	1	now we see	Possible meanings are 1) “now we see Christ” or 2) “now we see God.”
1CO	13	12	xx1g	figs-ellipsis	τότε δὲ πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον	1	but then face to face	“but then we will see Christ face to face” This means that we will be physically present with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1CO	13	12	qp7g	figs-ellipsis	ἐπιγνώσομαι	1	I will know fully	The word “Christ” is understood. Alternate translation: “I will know Christ fully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1CO	13	12	i28w	figs-activepassive	καθὼς καὶ ἐπεγνώσθην	1	just as I have also been fully known	This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “just as Christ has known me fully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	13	13	nt1y	figs-abstractnouns	πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη	1	faith, hope, and love	These abstract nouns can be expressed in phrases with verbs. Alternate translation: “we must trust the Lord, be confident that he will do what he has promised, and love him and others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CO	14	intro	abch			0		# 1 Corinthians 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, Paul returns to discussing spiritual gifts.<br><br>Some translations set what is quoted from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the words of verse 21.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Tongues<br><br>Scholars disagree on the exact meaning of the gift of tongues. Paul describes the gift of tongues as a sign for unbelievers. It does not serve the whole church, unless someone interprets what is spoken. It is very important that the church uses this gift properly.<br><br>### Prophecy<br><br>Scholars disagree on the exact meaning of prophecy as a spiritual gift. Paul says prophets can build up the entire church. He describes prophecy as a gift for believers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
1CO	14	1	vl57			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul wants them to know that though teaching is more important because it instructs people, it must be done with love.
1CO	14	1	x938	figs-123person	διώκετε τὴν ἀγάπην	1	Pursue love	Paul speaks of love as if it were a person. “Follow after love” or “Work hard to love people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1CO	14	1	ki3l		μᾶλλον…ἵνα προφητεύητε	1	especially that you may prophesy	“and work especially hard to be able to prophesy”
1CO	14	3	r1nx	figs-metaphor	οἰκοδομὴν	1	to build them up	Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “to strengthen them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	14	4	b2mg	figs-metaphor	οἰκοδομεῖ	1	builds up	Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “strengthens people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	14	5	z5my	figs-synecdoche	μείζων δὲ ὁ προφητεύων	1	Now the one who prophesies is greater	Paul is emphasizing that the gift of prophecy is greater than the gift of speaking in tongues. Alternate translation: “The one who prophesies has a greater gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1CO	14	5	g9k1		διερμηνεύῃ	1	he would interpret	This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
1CO	14	6	l71k	figs-rquestion	τί ὑμᾶς ὠφελήσω	1	how will I benefit you?	This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not benefit you.” or “I will not have done anything that helps you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	14	7	t3rb		διαστολὴν τοῖς φθόγγοις μὴ δῷ	1	they do not make different sounds	This refers to sounds of different pitch that make up the melody, not to the difference between a flute sound and a harp sound.
1CO	14	7	hq2u	figs-rquestion	πῶς γνωσθήσεται τὸ αὐλούμενον	1	how will it be known what is being played on the flute	Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this themselves. Alternate translation: “no one will know what tune the flute or harp is playing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	14	8	z6jg	figs-rquestion	τίς παρασκευάσεται εἰς πόλεμον?	1	who will prepare for battle?	Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this themselves. Alternate translation: “no one would know when it is time to prepare for battle.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	14	10	im7a	figs-doublenegatives	οὐδὲν ἄφωνον	1	none is without meaning	This can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “they all have meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1CO	14	12	x4v6		πνευμάτων	1	spiritual gifts	“being able to do things that show that the Spirit controls you”
1CO	14	12	j1h7	figs-metaphor	πρὸς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τῆς ἐκκλησίας, ζητεῖτε ἵνα περισσεύητε	1	try to excel in the gifts that build up the church	Paul speaks of the church as if it were a house that one could build and of the work of building the church as if it were something one could harvest. Alternate translation: “to succeed greatly in making God’s people more able to serve God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	14	13	j87g		διερμηνεύῃ	1	interpret	This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
1CO	14	14	kjh6	figs-metaphor	ὁ…νοῦς μου ἄκαρπός ἐστιν	1	my mind is unfruitful	The mind not understanding what is being prayed and, therefore, receiving no benefit from the prayer is spoken of as if the “mind is unfruitful.” Alternate translation: “I do not understand it in my mind” or “my mind does not benefit from the prayer, because I do not understand the words I am saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	14	15	vm6p	figs-rquestion	τί…ἐστιν	1	What should I do?	Paul is introducing his conclusion. Alternate translation: “This is what I will do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	14	15	r11f		προσεύξομαι τῷ Πνεύματι…προσεύξομαι…τῷ νοΐ…ψαλῶ τῷ Πνεύματι…ψαλῶ…τῷ νοΐ	1	pray with my spirit…pray with my mind…sing with my spirit…sing with my mind	Prayers and songs must be in a language that the people present can understand.
1CO	14	15	fi2f		τῷ νοΐ	1	with my mind	“with words that I understand”
1CO	14	16	niu5	figs-you	εὐλογῇς…τῇ σῇ εὐχαριστίᾳ…λέγεις	1	you praise God…you are giving thanks…you are saying	Though “you” is singular here, Paul is addressing everyone who prays only in the spirit, but not with the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	14	16	r4w5	figs-rquestion	πῶς ἐρεῖ, τὸ ἀμήν…οὐκ οἶδεν?	1	how will the outsider say “Amen”…saying?	This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “the outsider will never be able to say ‘Amen’…saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	14	16	j3e3		τοῦ ἰδιώτου	1	the ungifted	Possible meanings are 1) “another person” or 2) “people who are new to your group.”
1CO	14	16	ev63	figs-synecdoche	ἐρεῖ, τὸ ἀμήν	1	say “Amen”	“be able to agree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1CO	14	17	a7wr	figs-you	σὺ μὲν…εὐχαριστεῖς	1	you certainly give	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	14	17	w25k	figs-metaphor	ὁ ἕτερος οὐκ οἰκοδομεῖται	1	the other person is not built up	Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “the other person is not strengthened” or “what you say does not strengthen any outsider who might hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	14	19	cbw8	translate-numbers	ἢ μυρίους λόγους ἐν γλώσσῃ	1	than ten thousand words in a tongue	Paul was not counting words, but used exaggeration to emphasize that a few understandable words are far more valuable than even a great number of words in a language that people cannot understand. Alternate translation: “10,000 words” or “a great many words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CO	14	20	luu4			0	General Information:	Paul tells them that speaking in different languages was told ahead of time by the prophet Isaiah many years before this speaking in other languages happened at the start of Christ’s church.
1CO	14	20	mh5t	figs-metaphor	μὴ παιδία γίνεσθε ταῖς φρεσίν	1	do not be children in your thinking	Here “children” is a metaphor for being spiritually immature. Alternate translation: “do not think like children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	14	21	jx6l	figs-activepassive	ἐν τῷ νόμῳ γέγραπται	1	In the law it is written,	This can be stated in active form: Alternate translation: “The prophet wrote these words in the law:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	14	21	l9xz	figs-parallelism	ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις καὶ ἐν χείλεσιν ἑτέρων	1	By men of strange tongues and by the lips of strangers	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CO	14	22	bp4j			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul gives specific instructions on an orderly way to use gifts in the church.
1CO	14	22	qj5f	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἀπίστοις	1	not for unbelievers, but for believers	This can be expressed positively and combined with the other positive statement. Alternate translation: “only for believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CO	14	23	hj3d	figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἐροῦσιν ὅτι μαίνεσθε?	1	would they not say that you are insane?	This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “they would say that you are insane.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	14	24	xxy5	figs-parallelism	ἐλέγχεται ὑπὸ πάντων, ἀνακρίνεται ὑπὸ πάντων	1	he would be convicted by all and examined by all	Paul says basically the same thing twice for emphasis. Alternate translation: “he would realize that he is guilty of sin because he hears what you are saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CO	14	25	ma47	figs-metonymy	τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ φανερὰ γίνεται	1	The secrets of his heart would be revealed	Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God would reveal to him the secrets of his heart” or “He would recognize his own private inner thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	14	25	w31w	figs-idiom	πεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον, προσκυνήσει τῷ Θεῷ	1	he would fall on his face and worship God	“Fall on his face” here is an idiom, meaning to bow down. Alternate translation: “He would bow down and worship God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CO	14	26	bv9k	figs-rquestion	τί οὖν ἐστιν, ἀδελφοί?	1	What is tp be then, brothers?	Paul uses a question to introduce the next part of his message. Alternate translation: “Because everything I have just told you is true, this is what you need to do, my fellow believers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	14	26	xzz2		ἑρμηνίαν	1	interpretation	This means a telling of what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how “interpret” is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
1CO	14	27	wc1z		καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος	1	and each one in turn	“and they should speak one after another” or “and they should speak one at a time”
1CO	14	27	zh9z	figs-activepassive	διερμηνευέτω	1	must interpret	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “interpret what they said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	14	27	ari2		διερμηνευέτω	1	must interpret	This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how “interpret” is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
1CO	14	29	a9iz		προφῆται…δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν	1	Let two or three prophets speak	Possible meanings are 1) only two or three prophets speak at any one meeting or 2) only two or three prophets take turns speaking at any one time.
1CO	14	29	m5l8	figs-activepassive	προφῆται δὲ δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν	1	to what is said	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to what they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	14	30	sl1q	figs-activepassive	ἐὰν…ἄλλῳ ἀποκαλυφθῇ	1	if a revelation is given to another	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if God gives someone insight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO	14	31	xr69		καθ’ ἕνα…προφητεύειν	1	prophesy one by one	Only one person should prophesy at a time.
1CO	14	31	nrq1	figs-activepassive	πάντες…παρακαλῶνται	1	all may be encouraged	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you may encourage all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	14	33	my65		οὐ…ἐστιν ἀκαταστασίας ὁ Θεὸς	1	God is not a God of confusion	God does not create confusing situations by making people all speak at the same time.
1CO	14	34	gjv2		σιγάτωσαν	1	let be silent	Possible meanings are 1) stop speaking, 2) stop speaking when someone is prophesying, or 3) be absolutely silent during the church service.
1CO	14	36	h8lp	figs-rquestion	ἢ ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν, ἢ εἰς ὑμᾶς μόνους κατήντησεν?	1	Did the word of God come from you? Are you the only ones it has reached?	Paul emphasizes that the Corinthians are not the only ones who understand what God wants Christians to do. Alternate translation: “The word of God did not come from you in Corinth; you are not the only people who understand God’s will.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	14	36	mj6b	figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the word of God	“Word of God” here is a metonym for the message from God. Alternate translation: “God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	14	37	ab6u		ἐπιγινωσκέτω	1	he should acknowledge	A true prophet or truly spiritual person will accept Paul’s writings as coming from the Lord.
1CO	14	38	l68a	figs-activepassive	ἀγνοείτω	1	let him be ignorant	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you should not recognize him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	14	39	jvr7		τὸ λαλεῖν μὴ κωλύετε γλώσσαις	1	do not forbid anyone from speaking in tongues	Paul makes it clear that speaking in tongues at a church gathering is permissible and acceptable.
1CO	14	40	d7ia		πάντα δὲ εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν γινέσθω	1	But let all things be done properly and in order	Paul is stressing that church gatherings should be held in an orderly manner. Alternate translation: “But do all things properly and in order” or “But do everything in an orderly, appropriate way”
1CO	15	intro	abci			0		# 1 Corinthians 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Resurrection<br>This chapter includes a very important teaching about the resurrection of Jesus. The Greek people did not believe that a person could live after they died. Paul defends the resurrection of Jesus. He teaches why it is important to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Resurrection<br>Paul presents the resurrection as the ultimate proof that Jesus is God. Christ is the first of many who God will raise to life. The resurrection is central to the gospel. Few doctrines are as important as this one. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/raise]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>Paul uses many different figures of speech in this chapter. He uses them to express difficult theological teachings in a way that people can understand.<br>
1CO	15	1	gc6n			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds them that it is the gospel that saves them and he tells them again what the gospel is. Then he gives them a short history lesson, which ends with what will yet happen.
1CO	15	1	la9v		γνωρίζω…ὑμῖ	1	make known to you	“help you remember”
1CO	15	1	xv53	figs-metaphor	ἐν ᾧ…ἑστήκατε	1	on which you stand	Paul is speaking of the Corinthians as if they were a house and the gospel as if it were the foundation on which the house was standing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	15	2	xh29	figs-activepassive	σῴζεσθε	1	you are being saved	This can be stated in active form. “God will save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	2	le2k		τίνι λόγῳ εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν	1	the word I preached to you	“the message I preached to you”
1CO	15	3	sp4p		ἐν πρώτοις	1	as of first importance	Possible meanings are 1) as the most important of many things or 2) as the first in time .
1CO	15	3	azw6		ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν	1	for our sins	“to pay for our sins” or “so that God could forgive our sins”
1CO	15	3	inj2		κατὰ τὰς Γραφάς	1	according to the scriptures	Paul is referring to the writings of the Old Testament.
1CO	15	4	wa7m	figs-activepassive	ἐτάφη	1	he was buried	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	4	n7c7	figs-activepassive	ἐγήγερται	1	he was raised	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God raised him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	4	d6ew		ἐγήγερται	1	was raised	“was caused to live again”
1CO	15	5	rhd3			0	Connecting Statement:	If you need for verse 5 to be a complete sentence, end [1 Corinthians 15:4](../15/04.md) with a comma so that verse 5 completes the sentence begun in [1 Corinthians 15:3](../15/03.md).
1CO	15	5	q3nb		ὤφθη	1	he appeared	“showed himself to”
1CO	15	6	l7vc	translate-numbers	πεντακοσίοις	1	five hundred	500 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1CO	15	6	q8bl	figs-euphemism	τινὲς…ἐκοιμήθησαν	1	some have fallen asleep	“Sleep” here is a common euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “some have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1CO	15	8	n9c6		ἔσχατον…πάντων	1	Last of all	“Finally, after he had appeared to the others”
1CO	15	8	vg7t	figs-idiom	τῷ ἐκτρώματι	1	a child born at the wrong time	This is an idiom by which Paul may mean that he became a Christian much later than the other apostles. Or perhaps he means that, unlike the other apostles, he did not witness Jesus’ three-year-long ministry. Alternate translation: “someone who missed the experiences of the others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CO	15	10	xiq6		χάριτι…Θεοῦ, εἰμι ὅ εἰμι	1	by the grace of God I am what I am	God’s grace or kindness has made Paul as he is now.
1CO	15	10	n45h	figs-litotes	ἡ χάρις αὐτοῦ ἡ εἰς ἐμὲ, οὐ κενὴ ἐγενήθη	1	his grace in me was not in vain	Paul is emphasizing through litotes that God worked through Paul. Alternate translation: “because he was kind to me, I was able to do much good work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1CO	15	10	xh95	figs-metaphor	ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί	1	the grace of God that is with me	Paul speaks of the work he was able to do because God was kind to him as if that grace were actually doing the work. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) this is literally true, and God actually did the work and kindly used Paul as a tool or 2) Paul is using a metaphor and saying that God was kind to let Paul do the work and to make Paul’s work have good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	15	12	ub2p	figs-rquestion	πῶς λέγουσιν ἐν ὑμῖν τινες, ὅτι ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν?	1	how can some of you say there is no resurrection of the dead?	Paul is using this question to begin a new topic. Alternate translation: “you should not be saying that there is no resurrection of the dead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	15	12	jbi8		ἐγήγερται	1	raised	made alive again
1CO	15	13	cn2m	figs-hypo	εἰ…ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν, οὐδὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται	1	if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised	Paul is using a hypothetical case to argue that there is a resurrection of the dead. He knows that Christ has been raised and so infers that there is a resurrection. To say that there is no resurrection is to say that Christ has not been raised, but this is false because Paul has seen the resurrected Christ ([1 Corinthians 15:8](../15/08.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1CO	15	13	mi12	figs-activepassive	οὐδὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται	1	not even Christ has been raised	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not even raised Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	15	gi99			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul wants them assured that Christ rose from the dead.
1CO	15	15	ctn5		εὑρισκόμεθα…ψευδομάρτυρες τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	we are found to be false witnesses about God	Paul is arguing that if Christ did not rise from the dead, then they are bearing false witness or lying about Christ’s coming alive again.
1CO	15	15	aq5s	figs-activepassive	εὑρισκόμεθα	1	we are found to be	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone will realize that we are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	17	v6vz		ματαία ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν, ἔτι ἐστὲ ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν	1	your faith is in vain and you are still in your sins	Their faith is based on Christ having risen from the dead, so if that did not happen, their faith will do them no good.
1CO	15	19	d9nq		πάντων ἀνθρώπων	1	of all people	“of everyone, including believers and non-believers”
1CO	15	19	ts7u		ἐλεεινότεροι πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐσμέν	1	of all people we are most to be pitied	“people should feel sorry for us more than they do for anyone else”
1CO	15	20	cxp9		νυνὶ…Χριστὸς	1	now Christ	“as it is, Christ” or “this is the truth: Christ”
1CO	15	20	zw31	figs-metaphor	ἀπαρχὴ	1	the firstfruits	Here “firstfruits” is a metaphor, comparing Christ to the first of the harvest, which would be followed by the rest of the harvest. Christ was the first to be raised from the dead. Alternate translation: “who is like the first part of the harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	15	20	n6cl	figs-activepassive	Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται ἐκ νεκρῶν, ἀπαρχὴ τῶν κεκοιμημένων	1	Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruit of those who have fallen asleep	“Raised” here is an idiom for “caused to live again.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has raised Christ, who is the firstfruits of those who died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CO	15	21	uca8	figs-abstractnouns	δι’ ἀνθρώπου θάνατος	1	death came by a man	The abstract noun “death” can be expressed with the verb “die.” Alternate translation. “people die because of what one man did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CO	15	21	gf8p	figs-abstractnouns	καὶ δι’ ἀνθρώπου ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν	1	by a man also came the resurrection of the dead	The abstract noun “resurrection” can be expressed with the verb “raise.” Alternate translation: “people are raised from the dead because of another man” or “people will become alive again because of what one man did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1CO	15	23	p4g9	figs-metaphor	ἀπαρχὴ	1	the firstfruits	Here “firstfruits” is a metaphor, comparing Christ to the first of the harvest, which would be followed by the rest of the harvest. Christ was the first to be raised from the dead. Alternate translation: “who is like the first part of the harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	15	24	u298			0	General Information:	Here the words “he” and “his” refer to Christ.
1CO	15	24	uwh3		καταργήσῃ πᾶσαν ἀρχὴν, καὶ πᾶσαν ἐξουσίαν, καὶ δύναμιν	1	he will abolish all rule and all authority and power	“he will stop those people who rule, who have authority, and who have power from doing what they are doing”
1CO	15	25	t8mk	figs-idiom	ἄχρι οὗ θῇ πάντας τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ	1	until he has put all his enemies under his feet	Kings who won wars would put their feet on the necks of those whom they had defeated. Alternate translation: “until God has completely destroyed all of Christ’s enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CO	15	26	x49h	figs-activepassive	ἔσχατος ἐχθρὸς καταργεῖται ὁ θάνατος	1	The last enemy to be destroyed is death	Paul speaks of death here as if it were a person whom God will kill. Alternate translation: “The final enemy that God will destroy is death itself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1CO	15	27	df59	figs-idiom	πάντα…ὑπέταξεν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ	1	he has put everything under his feet	Kings who won wars would put their feet on the necks of those whom they had defeated. See how “put…under his feet” is translated in [1 Corinthians 15:25](../15/25.md). Alternate translation: “God has completely destroyed all of Christ’s enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1CO	15	28	xm8u	figs-activepassive	ὑποταγῇ αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα	1	all things are subjected to him	This can stated as active. Alternate translation: “God has made all things subject to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	28	a1cd	figs-activepassive	αὐτὸς ὁ Υἱὸς, ὑποταγήσεται	1	the Son himself will be subjected	This can stated as active. Alternate translation: “the Son himself will become subject” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	28	ksj4		αὐτὸς ὁ Υἱὸς	1	the Son himself	In the previous verses he was referred to as “Christ.” Alternate translation: “Christ, that is, the Son himself”
1CO	15	28	im2j	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Υἱὸς	1	the Son	This is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
1CO	15	29	a4d4	figs-rquestion	ἐπεὶ τί ποιήσουσιν, οἱ βαπτιζόμενοι ὑπὲρ τῶν νεκρῶν?	1	Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead?	Paul uses this question to teach the Corinthians. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Otherwise it would be useless for Christians to receive baptism for the dead.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	29	lw86	figs-hypo	εἰ ὅλως νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται, τί καὶ βαπτίζονται ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν?	1	If the dead are not raised at all, why are they baptized for them?	Paul uses a hypothetical situation to argue that the dead are raised. To say that the dead are not raised is to say that people should not be baptized for the dead. But some people, probably some members of the church in Corinth, are baptized for the dead, so he infers those people are baptized for the dead because they believe that the dead are raised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1CO	15	29	jdc9	figs-activepassive	νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται	1	the dead are not raised	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God does not raise the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	29	t3yc		οὐκ ἐγείρονται	1	are not raised	“are not caused to live again”
1CO	15	29	s7kx	figs-rquestion	τί καὶ βαπτίζονται ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν	1	why then are they baptized for them?	Paul uses this question to teach the Corinthians. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there would be no reason for them to have people baptize them on behalf of dead people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	30	h4ra	figs-rquestion	τί καὶ ἡμεῖς κινδυνεύομεν πᾶσαν ὥραν	1	Why then, are we in danger every hour?	Paul uses this question to teach the Corinthians. The reason he and others were in danger is that some people were angry that they taught that Jesus will raise people from death. Alternate translation: “If people will not rise from the dead, we gain nothing by being in danger every hour for teaching that people will rise.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO	15	31	i7d7	figs-hyperbole	καθ’ ἡμέραν ἀποθνῄσκω	1	I die every day!	This exaggeration means he was in danger of dying. He knew that some people wanted to kill him because they did not like what he was teaching. Alternate translation: “Every day I am in danger of dying” or “Every day I risk my life!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1CO	15	31	d51t		νὴ τὴν ὑμετέραν καύχησιν	1	I swear by my boasting in you	Paul uses this statement as evidence that he faces death every day. Alternate translation: “You can know that this is true, because you know about my boasting in you” or “You can know that this is true, because you know about how much I boast in you”
1CO	15	31	znl3	figs-explicit	τὴν ὑμετέραν καύχησιν, ἀδελφοί, ἣν ἔχω ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν	1	my boasting in you, brothers, which I have in Christ Jesus our Lord	Paul boasted in them because of what Christ Jesus had done for them. Alternate translation: “my boasting in you, which I do because of what Christ Jesus our Lord has done for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1CO	15	31	p3ym		τὴν ὑμετέραν καύχησιν	1	my boasting in you	“the way I tell other people how good you are”
1CO	15	32	q6mb	figs-rquestion	εἰ…ἐθηριομάχησα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ…τί μοι τὸ ὄφελος…οὐκ ἐγείρονται	1	What do I gain…if I fought with beasts at Ephesus…not raised	Paul wants the Corinthians to understand without him having to tell them. This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “I gained nothing…by fighting with beasts at Ephesus…not raised.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	15	32	lm3v	figs-metaphor	ἐθηριομάχησα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ	1	I fought with beasts at Ephesus	Paul is referring to something that he actually did. Possible meanings are 1) Paul was speaking figuratively about his arguments with learned pagans or other conflicts with people who wanted to kill him or 2) he was actually put into the arena to fight against dangerous animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	15	32	c36a		φάγωμεν καὶ πίωμεν, αὔριον γὰρ ἀποθνῄσκομεν	1	Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die	Paul concludes that if there is no further life after death, it is better for us to enjoy this life as we can, for tomorrow our life will end without any further hope.
1CO	15	33	q7uc		φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρηστὰ ὁμιλίαι κακαί	1	Bad company corrupts good morals	If you live with bad people, you will act like them. Paul is quoting a common saying.
1CO	15	34	gr3v		ἐκνήψατε	1	Sober up	“You must think seriously about this”
1CO	15	35	w4hk			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul gives some specifics about how the resurrection of the believers’ bodies will take place. He gives a picture of natural and spiritual bodies and compares the first man Adam with the last Adam, Christ.
1CO	15	35	hw4a	figs-rquestion	ἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις, πῶς ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί? ποίῳ δὲ σώματι ἔρχονται?	1	But someone will say, “How are the dead raised, and with what kind of body will they come?”	Possible meanings are 1) The person is asking sincerely or 2) the person is using the question to mock the idea of a resurrection. Alternate translation: “But some will say that they cannot imagine how God will raise the dead, and what kind of body God would give them in the resurrection.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	15	35	ty4t		ἐρεῖ τις	1	someone will say	“someone will ask”
1CO	15	35	e5lv		ποίῳ…σώματι ἔρχονται	1	with what kind of body will they come	That is, will it be a physical body or a spiritual body? What shape will the body have? What will the body be made of? Translate using the most general question that someone who wants to know the answers to these questions would ask.
1CO	15	36	ha84	figs-you	ἄφρων! σὺ ὃ σπείρεις	1	You are so foolish! What you sow	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so both instances of “you” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	15	36	jnf9		ἄφρων! σὺ	1	You are so foolish! What you sow	“You do not know about this at all”
1CO	15	36	q2zd	figs-metaphor	ὃ σπείρεις, οὐ ζῳοποιεῖται, ἐὰν μὴ ἀποθάνῃ	1	What you sow will not start to grow unless it dies	A seed will not grow unless it is first buried underground. In the same way, a person has to die before God can resurrect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	15	37	pw6v	figs-metaphor	ὃ σπείρεις, οὐ τὸ σῶμα τὸ γενησόμενον	1	What you sow is not the body that will be	Paul uses the metaphor of the seed again to say that God will resurrect the dead body of the believer, but that body will not appear as it was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	15	37	h6zi	figs-you	ὃ σπείρεις	1	What you sow	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	15	38	dmx1		ὁ…Θεὸς δίδωσιν αὐτῷ σῶμα, καθὼς ἠθέλησεν	1	God will give it a body as he chooses	“God will decide what kind of body it will have”
1CO	15	39	qi8y		σὰρξ	1	flesh	In the context of animals, “flesh” may be translated as “body,” “skin,” or “meat.”
1CO	15	40	d9k2		σώματα ἐπουράνια	1	heavenly bodies	Possible meanings are 1) the sun, moon, stars, and other visible lights in the sky or 2) heavenly beings, such as angels and other supernatural beings.
1CO	15	40	k9pg		σώματα ἐπίγεια	1	earthly bodies	This refers to humans.
1CO	15	40	qg3p		ἑτέρα μὲν ἡ τῶν ἐπουρανίων δόξα, ἑτέρα δὲ ἡ τῶν ἐπιγείων	1	the glory of the heavenly body is one kind and the glory of the earthly is another	“the glory that heavenly bodies have is different from the glory of human bodies”
1CO	15	40	j1kb		δόξα	1	glory	Here “glory” refers to the relative brightness to the human eye of objects in the sky.
1CO	15	42	s12t	figs-idiom	σπείρεται…ἐγείρεται	1	What is sown…what is raised	The writer speaks of a person’s body being buried as if it were a seed that is planted in the ground. And he speaks of a person’s body being raised from the dead as if it were a plant growing from the seed. The passive verbs can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “What goes into the ground…what comes out of the ground” or “What people bury…what God raises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	42	ay76		ἐγείρεται	1	is raised	“is caused to live again”
1CO	15	42	rw3k		ἐν φθορᾷ…ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ	1	in decay…in immortality	“can rot…cannot rot”
1CO	15	43	h4u5	figs-idiom	σπείρεται…ἐγείρεται	1	It is sown…it is raised	The writer speaks of a person’s body being buried as if it were a seed that is planted in the ground. And he speaks of a person’s body being raised from the dead as if it were a plant growing from the seed. The passive verbs can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It goes into the ground…it comes out of the ground” or “People bury it…God raises it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	44	u856	figs-idiom	σπείρεται…ἐγείρεται	1	It is sown…it is raised	The writer speaks of a person’s body being buried as if it were a seed that is planted in the ground. And he speaks of a person’s body being raised from the dead as if it were a plant growing from the seed. The passive verbs can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It goes into the ground…it comes out of the ground” or “People bury it…God raises it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	46	fc51		ἀλλ’ οὐ πρῶτον τὸ πνευματικὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ψυχικόν, ἔπειτα τὸ πνευματικόν	1	But the spiritual did not come first but the natural, and then the spiritual	“The natural being came first. The spiritual being is from God and came later.”
1CO	15	46	nd64		ψυχικόν	1	natural	created by earthly processes, not yet connected to God
1CO	15	47	m2pj	figs-activepassive	ὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος ἐκ γῆς, χοϊκός	1	The first man is of the earth, made of dust	God made the first man, Adam, from the dust of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	47	zmx6		χοϊκός	1	dust	dirt
1CO	15	48	r9be		ὁ ἐπουράνιος	1	ὁ ἐπουράνιος	Jesus Christ
1CO	15	48	s9pn		οἱ…ἐπουράνιοι	1	those who are of heaven	“those who belong to God”
1CO	15	49	mq8z		ἐφορέσαμεν τὴν εἰκόνα…φορέσωμεν καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα	1	have borne the image…will also bear the image	“have been just like…will also be just like”
1CO	15	50	jub2			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul wants them to realize that some believers will not die physically but will still get a resurrected body through Christ’s victory.
1CO	15	50	mwy3	figs-parallelism	σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται, οὐδὲ ἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν κληρονομεῖ	1	flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither does what is perishable inherit what is imperishable	Possible meanings are 1) the two sentences mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “human beings who will surely die cannot inherit the permanent kingdom of God” or 2) the second sentence finishes the thought begun by the first. Alternate translation: “weak human beings cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither do those who will certainly die inherit a kingdom that will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CO	15	50	nz7s	figs-metaphor	σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα	1	flesh and blood	Those who inhabit a body that is doomed to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1CO	15	50	e4gd	figs-metaphor	κληρονομῆσαι	1	inherit	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	15	50	b9hc		ἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν	1	the perishable…the imperishable	“can rot…cannot rot.” See how these words are translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](../15/42.md).
1CO	15	51	k5dw	figs-activepassive	πάντες…ἀλλαγησόμεθα	1	we will all be changed	This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “God will change us all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	52	p8f8	figs-activepassive	ἀλλαγησόμεθα	1	We will be changed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will change us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	52	r4ix		ἐν ῥιπῇ ὀφθαλμοῦ	1	in the twinkling of an eye	It will happen as fast as it takes for a person to blink his or her eye.
1CO	15	52	h668		ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι	1	at the last trumpet	“when the last trumpet sounds”
1CO	15	52	l66q	figs-activepassive	οἱ νεκροὶ ἐγερθήσονται	1	the dead will be raised	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will raise the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1CO	15	52	ymk9		ἐγερθήσονται	1	raised	“caused to live again”
1CO	15	52	bmx2		ἄφθαρτοι	1	imperishable	“in a form that cannot rot.” See how a similar phrase is translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](../15/42.md).
1CO	15	53	nua2		τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο…ἀφθαρσίαν	1	this perishable body…is imperishable	“this body that can rot…cannot rot.” See how similar phrases are translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](../15/42.md).
1CO	15	53	iyd2	figs-metaphor	δεῖ…ἐνδύσασθαι	1	must put on	Paul is speaking of God making our bodies so they will never die again as if God were putting new clothes on us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	15	54	qq5m	figs-personification	ὅταν…τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀφθαρσίαν	1	when this perishable body has put on what is imperishable	Here the body is spoken of as if it were a person, and becoming imperishable is spoken of as if being imperishable was clothing that a body would wear. Alternate translation: “when this perishable body has become imperishable” or “when this body that can rot can no longer rot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	15	54	j9zs	figs-personification	τὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀθανασίαν	1	this mortal body has put on immortality	Here the body is spoken of as if it were a person, and becoming immortal is spoken of as if being immortal was clothing that a body would wear. Alternate translation: “when this mortal body has become immortal” or “when this body that can die can no longer die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	15	55	c9zw	figs-apostrophe	ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ νῖκος? ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ κέντρον?	1	Death, where is your victory? Death, where is your sting?	Paul speaks as if death were a person, and he uses this question to mock the power of death, which Christ has defeated. Alternate translation: “Death has no victory. Death has no sting.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1CO	15	55	gg3d	figs-you	σου…σου	1	your…your	These are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1CO	15	56	iyd3		τὸ…κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου ἡ ἁμαρτία	1	the sting of death is sin	It is through sin that we are destined to face death, that is to die.
1CO	15	56	pf4e		ἡ…δύναμις τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ νόμος	1	the power of sin is the law	God’s law that was passed down by Moses defines sin and shows us how we sin before God.
1CO	15	57	ztj6		τῷ διδόντι ἡμῖν τὸ νῖκος	1	gives us the victory	“has defeated death for us”
1CO	15	58	k4c4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul wants believers, while they work for the Lord, to remember the changed, resurrected bodies that God is going to give them.
1CO	15	58	j1pl	figs-metaphor	ἑδραῖοι γίνεσθε, ἀμετακίνητοι	1	be steadfast and immovable	Paul speaks of someone who lets nothing stop him from carrying out his decisions as if he could not be physically moved. Alternate translation: “be determined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	15	58	zn8f	figs-metaphor	περισσεύοντες ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ τοῦ Κυρίου πάντοτε	1	Always abound in the work of the Lord	Paul speaks of efforts made in working for the Lord as if they were objects that a person could acquire more of. Alternate translation: “Always work for the Lord faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	16	intro	abcj			0		# 1 Corinthians 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul briefly covers many topics in this chapter. It was common in the ancient Near East for the last part of letters to have personal greetings.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Preparation for his coming<br><br>Paul gave practical instructions to help prepare the Corinthian church for his visit. He told them to start collecting money every Sunday for the believers in Jerusalem. He hoped to come and spend the winter with them. He told them to help Timothy when he came. He had hoped Apollos would go to them, but Apollos did not think it was the right time. Paul also told them to obey Stephanus. Finally, he sent his greetings to everyone.<br>
1CO	16	1	zh6u			0	Connecting Statement:	In his closing notes, Paul reminds the Corinthian believers to collect money for the needy believers in Jerusalem. He reminds them that Timothy will come to them before he goes to Paul.
1CO	16	1	yer5		εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους	1	for the saints	Paul was collecting money from his churches for the poor Jewish Christians in Jerusalem and Judea.
1CO	16	1	kh6h		ὥσπερ διέταξα	1	as I directed	“as I gave specific instructions”
1CO	16	2	h8n9		θησαυρίζων	1	storing up	Possible meanings are: 1) “keep it at home” or 2) “leave it with the church”
1CO	16	2	wc3w		ἵνα μὴ ὅταν ἔλθω, τότε λογεῖαι γίνωνται	1	so that there will be no collections when I come	“so that you will not have to collect more money while I am with you”
1CO	16	3	yj6c		οὓς ἐὰν δοκιμάσητε	1	whomever you approve	Paul is telling the church to choose some of their own people to take their offering to Jerusalem. “whomever you choose” or “the people you appoint”
1CO	16	3	j612		δι’ ἐπιστολῶν…πέμψω	1	I will send with letters	Possible meanings are 1) “I will send with letters that I will write” or 2) “I will send with letters that you will write.”
1CO	16	6	w94k		ὑμεῖς με προπέμψητε, οὗ ἐὰν πορεύωμαι	1	you may help me on my way, wherever I go	This means they might give Paul money or other things he needs so that he and his ministry team could continue to travel.
1CO	16	7	xr88		οὐ θέλω…ὑμᾶς ἄρτι…ἰδεῖν	1	I do not wish to see you now	Paul is stating that he wants to visit for a long time later, not just for a short time soon.
1CO	16	8	qkw9		τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς	1	Pentecost	Paul would stay in Ephesus until this festival, which came in May or June, 50 days after Passover. He would then travel through Macedonia, and later try to arrive in Corinth before winter started in November.
1CO	16	9	fyj3	figs-metaphor	θύρα…ἀνέῳγεν μεγάλη	1	a wide door has opened	Paul speaks of the opportunity God has given him to win people to the gospel as if it were a door that God had opened so he could walk through it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	16	10	p6vb		βλέπετε ἵνα ἀφόβως γένηται πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	see that he is with you unafraid	“see that he has no cause to fear being with you”
1CO	16	11	f4mw		μή τις…αὐτὸν ἐξουθενήσῃ	1	Let no one despise him	Because Timothy was much younger than Paul, sometimes he was not shown the respect he deserved as a minister of the gospel.
1CO	16	12	is6j	figs-inclusive	Ἀπολλῶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ	1	our brother Apollos	Here the word “our” refers to Paul and his readers, so it is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1CO	16	13	p2la	figs-parallelism	γρηγορεῖτε, στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει, ἀνδρίζεσθε, κραταιοῦσθε	1	Stay alert; stand firm in the faith; act like men; be strong	Paul is describing what he wants the Corinthians to do as if he was giving four commands to soldiers in war. These four commands mean almost the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1CO	16	13	ng8n	figs-metaphor	γρηγορεῖτε	1	Stay alert	Paul speaks of people being aware of what is happening as if they were guards keeping watch over a city or vineyard. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “Be careful whom you trust” or “Watch out for danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	16	13	uys8	figs-metaphor	στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει	1	stand firm in the faith	Paul speaks of people continuing to believe in Christ according to his teaching as if they were soldiers refusing to retreat when the enemy attacks. Possible meanings are 1) “keep strongly believing what we have taught you” or 2) “keep strongly trusting in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	16	13	a3fs	figs-metaphor	ἀνδρίζεσθε	1	act like men	In the society in which Paul and his audience lived, men usually provided for families by doing the heavy work and fighting against invaders. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “be responsible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1CO	16	14	rij5		πάντα ὑμῶν ἐν ἀγάπῃ γινέσθω	1	Let all that you do be done in love	“Everything you do should show people that you love them”
1CO	16	15	fy4e			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul begins to close his letter and sends greetings from other churches, as well as from Prisca, Aquila, and Paul himself.
1CO	16	15	asp2	translate-names	τὴν οἰκίαν Στεφανᾶ	1	the household of Stephanas	Stephanas was one of the first believers in the church at Corinth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CO	16	15	na2p	translate-names	Ἀχαΐας	1	Achaia	This is the name of a province in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CO	16	17	iju8		Στεφανᾶ, καὶ Φορτουνάτου, καὶ Ἀχαϊκοῦ	1	Stephanas, and Fortunatus, and Achaicus	These men were either some of the first Corinthian believers or church elders who were co-workers with Paul.
1CO	16	17	e79z	translate-names	Στεφανᾶ, καὶ Φορτουνάτου, καὶ Ἀχαϊκοῦ	1	Stephanas, and Fortunatus, and Achaicus	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1CO	16	17	an3e		τὸ ὑμῶν ὑστέρημα οὗτοι ἀνεπλήρωσαν	1	They have made up for your absence	“They made up for the fact that you were not here.”
1CO	16	18	f3kg		ἀνέπαυσαν γὰρ τὸ ἐμὸν πνεῦμα	1	For they have refreshed my spirit	Paul is saying he was encouraged by their visit.
1CO	16	21	izu6		ὁ ἀσπασμὸς τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ, Παύλου	1	I, Paul, write this with my own hand	Paul was making it clear that the instructions in this letter are from him, even though one of his co-laborers wrote what Paul was saying in the rest of the letter. Paul wrote this last part with his own hand.
1CO	16	22	c1kx		ἤτω ἀνάθεμα	1	may he be accursed	“may God curse him.” See how “accursed” was translated in [1 Corinthians 12:3](../12/03.md).