See in Reader
Correct Hebrew snippet errors (#1385)
This commit is contained in:
Joel D. Ruark
Gogs
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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
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JOS front intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Joshua<br><br>1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1:1–12:24)<br>- Preparation for conquest; spies; crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1)<br>- Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29)<br>- The covenant affirmed at Shechem (8:30–35)<br>- Southern and central campaigns; northern campaigns (9:1–12:24)<br>1. Settlement in the Promised Land; division of the land (13:1–22:34)<br>1. Joshua’s final days (23:1–24:33)<br><br>### What is the Book of Joshua about?<br><br>The Book of Joshua is about the Israelites entering and occupying the Promised Land. Joshua was the leader that replaced Moses. He led the Israelites as they fought the people living in the Promised Land. This book also tells how the Israelites divided the land among the twelve tribes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title “Joshua” because Joshua leads the people of Israel after Moses dies. Translators may create a title such as “The Book About When Joshua Led Israel.” Translators should avoid a title that suggests Joshua as the writer of the book.<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Joshua?<br><br>The book does not tell who wrote it. However, some verses in the book indicate that Joshua may have written at least part of it. Since ancient times, Jews have thought that Joshua wrote most of the book.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### How does the Book of Joshua present the cause of historical events?<br><br>In the ancient Near East, people assumed that gods caused world events to happen in a certain way. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. The events in the Book of Joshua occurred because Yahweh promised the Israelites that he would give them the Promised Land. What happened also depended on whether or not the Israelites obeyed Yahweh.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What does the phrase “to this day” mean?<br><br>This phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that “to this day” means “to the present day.” The translator might decide to say “to this day, at the time when this was being written,” or “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10.<br><br>### What does the phrase “all Israel” mean?<br><br>This phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean every person in the nation of Israel. At times it means the Israelite army. At other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages, it probably means a large number of the people in the nation of Israel.<br><br>### When should Joshua be translated?<br><br>The Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books.
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JOS 1 intro r7gc 0 # Joshua 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Be strong and Courageous<br><br>Joshua is often told, “Be strong and courageous.” This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future.
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JOS front intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Joshua<br><br>1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1:1–12:24)<br>- Preparation for conquest; spies; crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1)<br>- Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29)<br>- The covenant affirmed at Shechem (8:30–35)<br>- Southern and central campaigns; northern campaigns (9:1–12:24)<br>1. Settlement in the Promised Land; division of the land (13:1–22:34)<br>1. Joshua’s final days (23:1–24:33)<br><br>### What is the Book of Joshua about?<br><br>The Book of Joshua is about the Israelites entering and occupying the Promised Land. Joshua was the leader that replaced Moses. He led the Israelites as they fought the people living in the Promised Land. This book also tells how the Israelites divided the land among the twelve tribes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title “Joshua” because Joshua leads the people of Israel after Moses dies. Translators may create a title such as “The Book About When Joshua Led Israel.” Translators should avoid a title that suggests Joshua as the writer of the book.<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Joshua?<br><br>The book does not tell who wrote it. However, some verses in the book indicate that Joshua may have written at least part of it. Since ancient times, Jews have thought that Joshua wrote most of the book.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### How does the Book of Joshua present the cause of historical events?<br><br>In the ancient Near East, people assumed that gods caused world events to happen in a certain way. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. The events in the Book of Joshua occurred because Yahweh promised the Israelites that he would give them the Promised Land. What happened also depended on whether or not the Israelites obeyed Yahweh.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What does the phrase “to this day” mean?<br><br>This phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that “to this day” means “to the present day.” The translator might decide to say “to this day, at the time when this was being written,” or “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10.<br><br>### What does the phrase “all Israel” mean?<br><br>This phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean every person in the nation of Israel. At times it means the Israelite army. At other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages, it probably means a large number of the people in the nation of Israel.<br><br>### When should Joshua be translated?<br><br>The Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books.<br>
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JOS 1 intro r7gc 0 # Joshua 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Be strong and Courageous<br><br>Joshua is often told, “Be strong and courageous.” This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future.<br>
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JOS 1 1 s8u5 יְהוָ֑ה 1 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
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JOS 1 1 eka2 translate-names נ֔וּן 1 Nun Joshua’s father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 1 2 le23 figs-idiom עֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֗ה 1 cross over this Jordan To “cross over” means “go to the opposite bank of the river.” Alternate translation: “travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ JOS 1 16 c7t9 0 General Information: These Isrelites were specifically the Reu
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JOS 1 18 rel4 figs-parallelism יַמְרֶ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֗יךָ וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֧ע אֶת־דְּבָרֶ֛יךָ 1 rebels against your commands and disobeys your words These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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JOS 1 18 lbc3 figs-activepassive יוּמָ֑ת 1 will be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we will put to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 1 18 zez7 figs-parallelism חֲזַ֥ק וֶאֱמָֽץ 1 be strong and courageous Israel and God considered both traits important for Joshua to pursue as their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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JOS 2 intro vg4m 0 # Joshua 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rahab’s faith<br><br>Rahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement “for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below” is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: “…melting away because of us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
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JOS 2 intro vg4m 0 # Joshua 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rahab’s faith<br><br>Rahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement “for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below” is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: “…melting away because of us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
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JOS 2 1 ig8n translate-names נ֠וּן 1 Nun This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 2 1 w886 translate-names הַשִּׁטִּ֞ים 1 Shittim This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means “Acacia Trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 2 1 z78b מְרַגְּלִים֙ 1 as spies These men were to visit the land to gain information on how Israel should conquer the land.
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@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ JOS 2 7 p4sx הַֽמַּעְבְּר֑וֹת 1 fords places where a river o
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JOS 2 8 ds5e figs-idiom טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן 1 not yet lain down This refers to going to sleep for the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JOS 2 9 t8zy figs-you יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ 1 I know that Yahweh has given you the land The word “you” refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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JOS 2 9 xr6a figs-metaphor נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְכֶם֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ 1 fear of you has come upon us Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: “we have become afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 2 9 u74z figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם 1 will melt away before you This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are (1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or (2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 2 9 u74z figs-metaphor נָמֹ֛גוּ…מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם 1 will melt away before you This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites’ presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: “will be so afraid that they will not resist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 2 10 m3e1 0 General Information: Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
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JOS 2 10 bcm2 יַם־סוּף֙ 1 the Sea of Reeds This is another name for the Red Sea.
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JOS 2 10 c6i6 translate-names לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג 1 Sihon…Og These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ JOS 2 23 i2bk translate-names נ֑וּן 1 Nun This is a male name; the father o
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JOS 2 23 cv1w אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמֹּצְא֖וֹת אוֹתָֽם 1 everything that had happened to them “all that the men had experienced and seen.”
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JOS 2 24 rk66 בְּיָדֵ֖נוּ 1 our This word, “us,” refers to Israel.
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JOS 2 24 eh7s figs-metaphor יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ 1 inhabitants of the land are melting away The people of the land toward Israel are like a substance that melts in the presence of heat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 3 intro qs85 0 # Joshua 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God dries the Jordan River<br><br>Joshua told the people “Dedicate yourselves to Yahweh tomorrow, for Yahweh will do wonders among you.” The conquest of the Promised Land is accomplished through the supernatural power of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
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JOS 3 intro qs85 0 # Joshua 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God dries the Jordan River<br><br>Joshua told the people “Dedicate yourselves to Yahweh tomorrow, for Yahweh will do wonders among you.” The conquest of the Promised Land is accomplished through the supernatural power of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
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JOS 3 1 ct91 וַיַּשְׁכֵּם֩ 1 got up The phrase, “got up,” means to “awaken.”
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JOS 3 1 y8kd מֵֽהַשִּׁטִּ֗ים 1 Shittim A place in the land of Moab, west of the Jordan River where the Israelites were camped before their entry into the promised land, Canaan.
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JOS 3 2 wz25 הַשֹּׁטְרִ֖ים 1 officers These are people holding a position of command or authority.
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@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ JOS 3 15 mu2b writing-background וְהַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מָלֵא֙
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JOS 3 17 dp93 0 General Information: The miraculous Jordan River crossing continues.
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JOS 3 17 tg4f figs-explicit הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן 1 the Jordan This refers to the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JOS 3 17 w7z6 figs-idiom עֹֽבְרִים֙ 1 crossed over This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “traveled from this side to the opposite side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JOS 4 intro eh7p 0 # Joshua 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s war<br>The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God’s war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh’s power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
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JOS 4 intro eh7p 0 # Joshua 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s war<br>The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God’s war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh’s power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh’s power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
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JOS 4 1 yem9 figs-pronouns 0 General Information: Though Yahweh was speaking directly to Joshua, all occurrences of you include Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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JOS 4 1 h2p6 figs-idiom לַעֲב֖וֹר 1 crossed over The words “crossed over” refer to going to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: “went across” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JOS 4 1 lz4a figs-explicit אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 the Jordan the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ JOS 4 20 s8s2 figs-explicit וְאֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤
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JOS 4 22 lx8h 0 General Information: Joshua continues to remind the people the purpose of the pile of stones.
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JOS 4 22 p6nk וְהוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם 1 Tell your children It was for Israel to teach their children of God’s miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever.
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JOS 4 24 qe29 figs-metonymy אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא 1 the hand of Yahweh is mighty This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is mighty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JOS 5 intro dv8f 0 # Joshua 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Circumcision<br><br>It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>### Manna<br><br>Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh’s care and provision will stop.
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JOS 5 intro dv8f 0 # Joshua 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Circumcision<br><br>It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>### Manna<br><br>Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh’s care and provision will stop.<br>
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JOS 5 1 el1p figs-parallelism וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ 1 their hearts melted…there was no longer any spirit in them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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JOS 5 1 q8mi figs-metonymy וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם 1 their hearts melted Here “hearts” refers to their courage. They were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. Alternate translation: “they lost all their courage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 5 1 a2wh figs-metonymy וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ 1 there was no longer any spirit in them Here “spirit” refers to their will to fight. Alternate translation: “they no longer had any will to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ JOS 5 14 d8u1 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר 1 He said The word “he” refers to the
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JOS 5 14 ds5l לֹ֗א 1 Neither This is the beginning of the man’s answer to Joshua’s question, “Are you for us or for our enemies?” This short answer could be clarified. Alternate translation: “I am neither for you nor for your enemies”
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JOS 5 14 r42a translate-symaction וַיִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אַ֨רְצָה֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ 1 Joshua lay facedown on the ground to worship This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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JOS 5 15 ge5y translate-symaction שַׁל־נַֽעַלְךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔ךָ 1 Take off your sandals from your feet This was an act of reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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JOS 6 intro uie9 0 # Joshua 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh conquers<br><br>It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, “Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city.” The circumstances of Israel’s victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JOS 6 intro uie9 0 # Joshua 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh conquers<br><br>It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, “Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city.” The circumstances of Israel’s victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
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JOS 6 1 gbz8 וִֽירִיחוֹ֙ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up.
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JOS 6 2 j65i figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָֽדְךָ֔ אֶת־יְרִיח֖וֹ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֑הּ גִּבּוֹרֵ֖י הֶחָֽיִל 1 I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its trained soldiers Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
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JOS 6 2 v4hu figs-metonymy בְיָֽדְךָ֔ 1 into your hand The word “hand” is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: “so that you can control it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ JOS 6 5 d5rg בִּמְשֹׁ֣ךְ׀ בְּקֶ֣רֶן הַיּוֹ
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JOS 6 5 g97v חוֹמַ֤ת הָעִיר֙ 1 the wall of the city “the outer wall of the city” or “the wall surrounding the city”
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JOS 6 6 h9cn translate-names נוּן֙ 1 Nun This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 6 6 s5ne שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית 1 Take up the ark of the covenant “Pick up the ark of the covenant”
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JOS 6 8 l35d figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 before Yahweh Possible meanings are (1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or (2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JOS 6 8 l35d figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 before Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) “in obedience to Yahweh” or 2) “in front of Yahweh’s ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JOS 6 8 vk7j וְתָקְע֖וּ בַּשּֽׁוֹפָר֑וֹת 1 they gave a blast on the trumpets “they sounded the trumpets loudly” or “the priests blew into the ram’s horn trumpets”
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JOS 6 8 ayf9 figs-explicit וַֽאֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה הֹלֵ֖ךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם 1 The ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. Alternate translation: “The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JOS 6 10 ls5v figs-metonymy וְלֹֽא־תַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶת־קוֹלְכֶ֔ם וְלֹא־יֵצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם דָּבָ֑ר 1 No sound must leave your mouths Sound leaving someone’s mouth refers to that person’s speaking or shouting. Alternate translation: “Do not yell or speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ JOS 6 26 cq3c figs-metaphor אָר֨וּר הָאִ֜ישׁ לִפְנֵ֣
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JOS 6 26 len7 figs-metaphor בִּבְכֹר֣וֹ יְיַסְּדֶ֔נָּה 1 At the cost of his firstborn son, he will lay the foundation The consequence of a man laying a new foundation for Jericho is that his firstborn son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: “If he lays the foundation, he will lose his firstborn son” or “If he lays the foundation, his firstborn son will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 6 26 anp8 figs-metaphor וּבִצְעִיר֖וֹ יַצִּ֥יב דְּלָתֶֽיהָ 1 at the cost of his youngest son, he will set up its gates The consequence of a man setting up new gates for Jericho is that his youngest son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: “If he sets up its gates, he will lose his youngest son” or “If he sets up it gates, his youngest son will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 6 27 brx7 figs-metaphor וַיְהִ֥י שָׁמְע֖וֹ בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ 1 his fame spread throughout the land This refers to Joshua’s fame, not Yahweh’s. Becoming known among the people throughout the land is spoken of as if his fame spread. Alternate translation: “Joshua became famous throughout the land” or “people throughout the land learned about Joshua” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 7 intro uv41 0 # Joshua 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br><br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
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JOS 7 intro uv41 0 # Joshua 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br><br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
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JOS 7 1 mtm4 בַּחֵ֑רֶם 1 the things that were set apart for destruction “the things that God had said they must set apart to him by destroying them”
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JOS 7 1 z3zl translate-names עָכָ֣ן…כַּרְמִי֩…זַבְדִּ֨י…זֶ֜רַח 1 Achan…Karmi…Zabdi…Zerah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 7 1 li2v figs-metaphor וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה 1 Yahweh’s anger burned “anger” and “burned” indicates intensity, not that fire is present. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s anger burned like a fire” or “Yahweh was very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -255,10 +255,10 @@ JOS 7 21 xw3j figs-activepassive טְמוּנִ֥ים בָּאָ֛רֶץ 1 Th
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JOS 7 23 vh7i וַיַּצִּקֻ֖ם 1 poured them out Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground.
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JOS 7 24 ta3l translate-names עֵ֥מֶק עָכֽוֹר 1 the Valley of Achor The name means “Valley of Trouble,” but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 7 25 vd6n figs-rquestion מֶ֣ה עֲכַרְתָּ֔נוּ 1 Why have you troubled us? Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. Alternate translation: “You have troubled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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JOS 7 25 i3rq וַיִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲבָנִֽים 1 Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or (2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or (3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
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JOS 7 25 i3rq וַיִּשְׂרְפ֤וּ אֹתָם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּסְקְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם בָּאֲבָנִֽים 1 Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan’s family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan’s family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
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JOS 7 26 zcp9 figs-metaphor וַיָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ 1 Yahweh turned away his burning anger Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh stopped being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 7 26 hfq5 עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 until this present day It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: “even today” or “even now”
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JOS 8 intro f3jc 0 # Joshua 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.
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JOS 8 intro f3jc 0 # Joshua 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.<br>
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JOS 8 1 l4p8 figs-parallelism אַל־תִּירָ֣א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֔ת 1 Do not fear; do not be discouraged These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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JOS 8 1 den6 figs-metonymy נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָדְךָ֗ אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ הָעַי֙ וְאֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ וְאֶת־עִיר֖וֹ וְאֶת־אַרְצֽוֹ 1 I have given into your hand the king of Ai…and his land Giving them into Israel’s hand represents giving Israel victory and control over them. Alternate translation: “I have given you victory over the king of Ai and his people, and I have given you control over his city and his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JOS 8 1 t7bq figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֣תִּי 1 I have given God speaks of what he promises to do as though he had already done it, because he will certainly do it. Alternate translation: “I will certainly give” or “I am giving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
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@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ JOS 8 12 ycd3 translate-numbers כַּחֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים
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JOS 8 13 j7b9 0 General Information: The Israelites prepare to fight the people of Ai.
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JOS 8 13 s1lu אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה 1 the main army This refers to the largest group of fighting men, those not in the ambush group.
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JOS 8 13 nq1b עֲקֵב֖וֹ 1 rear guard those who were “set in ambush on the west side of the city” ([Joshua 8:12](../08/12.md))
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JOS 8 15 a83i figs-metonymy וַיִּנָּֽגְע֛וּ…לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם 1 let themselves be defeated before them “let themselves be defeated before the people of Ai.” The phrase “before them” represents what the people of Ai would see and think. The phrase “be defeated” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let the people of Ai think that the Israelites were defeated” or “let the people of Ai think that they had defeated the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 8 15 a83i figs-metonymy וַיִּנָּֽגְע֛וּ…לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם 1 let themselves be defeated before them “let themselves be defeated before the people of Ai.” The phrase “before them” represents what the people of Ai would see and think. The phrase “be defeated” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let the people of Ai think that the Israelites were defeated” or “let the people of Ai think that they had defeated the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 8 15 w933 לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם 1 before them the army of Ai
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JOS 8 15 bri5 וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ 1 they fled The army of Israel fled.
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JOS 8 16 dr3a וַֽיִּרְדְּפוּ֙ 1 they went after…they were drawn away These occurrences of “they” refer to the army of Ai.
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@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ JOS 8 29 wd9u עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 to this day “t
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JOS 8 30 xev4 translate-names בְּהַ֖ר עֵיבָֽל 1 Mount Ebal a mountain in Canaan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 8 35 ym6u figs-doublenegatives לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה דָבָ֔ר מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־קָרָ֜א יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ 1 There was not one word from all that Moses commanded that Joshua did not read This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “Joshua read every word of all that Moses commanded” or “Joshua read the entire law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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JOS 8 35 kdu7 figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 Israel This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JOS 9 intro w1cx 0 # Joshua 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s mistake<br><br>Israel was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
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JOS 9 intro w1cx 0 # Joshua 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s mistake<br><br>Israel was deceived because “they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance.” Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
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JOS 9 1 g4h4 translate-names הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן 1 the Jordan a shortened name for the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 9 2 uj94 figs-metonymy פֶּ֖ה אֶחָֽד 1 under one command Here “command” represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. Alternate translation: “obeying the commands of one leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JOS 9 4 r5yb בְּעָרְמָ֔ה 1 cunning plan a crafty scheme intended to trick Joshua and the Israelites
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@ -309,14 +309,14 @@ JOS 9 15 je8p figs-metonymy הָעֵדָֽה 1 the people Here this refers to
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JOS 9 17 s1u5 translate-numbers בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י 1 third day This refers to number three in order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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JOS 9 17 q18q translate-names וְהַכְּפִירָ֔ה 1 Kephirah This is one of the cities of the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 9 17 j671 translate-names וּבְאֵר֖וֹת 1 Beeroth This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 9 17 alr9 translate-names וְקִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽי 1 Kiriath Jearim This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 9 17 alr9 translate-names וְקִרְיַ֥ת יְעָרִֽים 1 Kiriath Jearim This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 9 19 a168 הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה 1 the people Here this phrase refers to the nation of Israel.
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JOS 9 21 wg7n וַ֠יִּֽהְיוּ חֹטְבֵ֨י עֵצִ֤ים וְשֹֽׁאֲבֵי־מַ֨יִם֙ 1 the Gibeonites became cutters of wood and drawers of water “the Gibeonites became woodcutters and water carriers”
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JOS 9 23 zlp7 figs-metonymy לְבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽי 1 house of my God Here this phrase refers to the dwelling place of Yahweh, the Tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JOS 9 25 a5un figs-doublet כַּטּ֨וֹב וְכַיָּשָׁ֧ר 1 Whatever seems good and right The words “good” and “right” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Whatever seems fair and just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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JOS 9 26 gy9c לָהֶ֖ם 1 for them The word “them” here refers to the Gibeonites.
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JOS 9 27 p81s עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה 1 to this day “even up to now.” This means that the people had continued to do these things even up to the day that the writer was living.
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JOS 10 intro uy1f 0 # Joshua 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:12-13 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a poem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “For Yahweh was waging war on behalf of Israel”<br>Israel’s conquest of the Promised Land was Yahweh’s war on the ungodly Canaanites more than Israel’s war. This type of war was different from other wars and God gave Israel special instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The people of Gibeon used an idiom when they called for help from Israel: “Do not withdraw your hands,” meaning “do not stop protecting.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JOS 10 intro uy1f 0 # Joshua 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:12-13 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a poem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “For Yahweh was waging war on behalf of Israel”<br>Israel’s conquest of the Promised Land was Yahweh’s war on the ungodly Canaanites more than Israel’s war. This type of war was different from other wars and God gave Israel special instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The people of Gibeon used an idiom when they called for help from Israel: “Do not withdraw your hands,” meaning “do not stop protecting.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
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JOS 10 1 au8p וַיְהִי֩ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adoni-Zedek.
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JOS 10 1 y65k translate-names אֲדֹֽנִי־צֶ֜דֶק 1 Adoni-Zedek This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 10 3 y6ss translate-names יַרְמ֜וּת…לָכִ֛ישׁ…עֶגְל֖וֹן 1 Jarmuth…Lachish…Eglon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ JOS 10 40 u843 figs-parallelism וְאֵת֙ כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ
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JOS 10 42 qy8i כָּל־הַמְּלָכִ֤ים הָאֵ֨לֶּה֙ וְאֶת־אַרְצָ֔ם לָכַ֥ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ 1 Joshua captured all these kings and their land This refers to the kings and lands that were listed beginning in [Joshua 10:28](../10/28.md).
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JOS 10 42 rbp2 figs-synecdoche לָכַ֥ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ 1 Joshua captured Here Joshua represents his whole army. Alternate translation: “Joshua and his soldiers captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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JOS 10 42 f9tx פַּ֣עַם אֶחָ֑ת 1 at one time This does not mean in one day. It means during one military campaign, which may have lasted many days or weeks.
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JOS 11 intro g8mw 0 # Joshua 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh overcomes the united forces of the northern kingdoms<br><br>Yahweh said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid in their presence, because tomorrow at this time I am giving them all to Israel as dead men.” Even when the kingdoms of Canaan joined forces, they were not able to overcome the power of Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### “Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel”<br>This phrase may present difficulties in translation. The translator should ensure that Yahweh receives credit for Israel’s victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JOS 11 intro g8mw 0 # Joshua 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh overcomes the united forces of the northern kingdoms<br><br>Yahweh said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid in their presence, because tomorrow at this time I am giving them all to Israel as dead men.” Even when the kingdoms of Canaan joined forces, they were not able to overcome the power of Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### “Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel”<br>This phrase may present difficulties in translation. The translator should ensure that Yahweh receives credit for Israel’s victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
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JOS 11 1 a1ca translate-names יָבִ֣ין…יוֹבָב֙ 1 Jabin…Jobab These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 11 1 zi5u translate-names חָצ֑וֹר…מָד֔וֹן…שִׁמְר֖וֹן…אַכְשָֽׁף 1 Hazor…Madon…Shimron…Akshaph These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 11 2 gz61 translate-names כִּֽנֲר֖וֹת…וּבְנָפ֥וֹת דּ֖וֹר 1 Kinnereth…Naphoth Dor These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -383,21 +383,21 @@ JOS 11 8 n4ub וַיַּכּוּם֒…וַיַּכֻּ֕ם 1 struc
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JOS 11 8 m9b1 translate-names מִשְׂרְפ֣וֹת מַ֔יִם 1 Misrephoth Maim This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 11 9 q7dn עִקֵּ֔ר 1 hamstrung This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run. See how you translated this word in [Joshua 11:6](../11/06.md).
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JOS 11 10 pbp8 מַלְכָּ֖הּ הִכָּ֣ה בֶחָ֑רֶב 1 He struck its king with the sword “Joshua killed the king of Hazor with his sword”
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JOS 11 10 cjd1 figs-metaphor חָצ֣וֹר לְפָנִ֔ים הִ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ כָּל־הַמַּמְלָכ֥וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּ 1 Hazor had been head of all these kingdoms Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. Alternate translation: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 11 10 cjd1 figs-metaphor חָצ֣וֹר לְפָנִ֔ים הִ֕יא רֹ֖אשׁ כָּל־הַמַּמְלָכ֥וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה 1 Hazor had been head of all these kingdoms Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. Alternate translation: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 11 11 be72 figs-parallelism וַ֠יַּכּוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֨פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤הּ לְפִי־חֶ֨רֶב֙ הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם לֹ֥א נוֹתַ֖ר כָּל־נְשָׁמָ֑ה 1 They struck with the sword every living creature that was there…so there was not any living creature left alive These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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JOS 11 11 z2md figs-synecdoche הַֽחֲרֵ֔ם 1 he set them apart to be destroyed The word “he” refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. Alternate translation: “the army completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 11 12 i5tz וַיַּכֵּ֥ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב 1 struck them with the edge of the sword “killed them”
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JOS 11 13 f8kv הֶעָרִ֗ים הָעֹֽמְדוֹת֙ עַל־תִּלָּ֔ם 1 cities built on mounds “cities built on small hills”
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JOS 11 14 grk1 figs-rpronouns לָהֶ֖ם 1 for themselves This phrase refers to the army of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
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JOS 11 14 n215 figs-parallelism אֶֽת־כָּל־הָאָדָ֞ם הִכּ֣וּ לְפִי־חֶ֗רֶב עַד־הִשְׁמִדָם֙ אוֹתָ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖ירוּ כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה 1 They killed every human being with the edge of the sword until all were dead. They left alive no creature that breathed. These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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JOS 11 15 ta4x figs-litotes לֹֽא־הֵסִ֣יר דָּבָ֔ר מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁ 1 He left nothing undone of all that Yahweh commanded Moses to do This negative phrase emphasizes that Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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JOS 11 15 ta4x figs-litotes לֹֽא־הֵסִ֣יר דָּבָ֔ר מִכֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה 1 He left nothing undone of all that Yahweh commanded Moses to do This negative phrase emphasizes that Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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JOS 11 17 yr6b translate-names הָהָ֤ר הֶֽחָלָק֙…בַּ֤עַל גָּד֙ 1 Mount Halak…Baal Gad These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 11 20 pq7v figs-metaphor מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה׀ הָיְתָ֡ה לְחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבָּם֩ 1 it was Yahweh who hardened their hearts Yahweh causing the people of the cities to be stubborn is spoken of as if Yahweh had hardened their hearts. Alternate translation: “it was Yahweh who caused them to act stubbornly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 11 21 im1q translate-names אֶת־הָֽעֲנָקִים֙ 1 Anakim These are the descendants of Anak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 11 21 p6cd translate-names דְּבִ֣ר…עֲנָ֔ב 1 Debir…Anab These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 11 23 qe5v figs-metaphor וַיִּתְּנָהּ֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ לְנַחֲלָ֧ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל 1 Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel Joshua giving the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if he had given the Israelites an inheritance as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Joshua gave the land to the Israelites as a permanent possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 11 23 x695 figs-personification וְהָאָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִמִּלְחָמָֽה 1 the land had rest from the wars The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. Alternate translation: “the people no longer fought wars in the land” or “there was peace in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 12 intro ga6k 0 # Joshua 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 12:2-5 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long list.
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JOS 12 intro ga6k 0 # Joshua 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 12:2-5 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long list.<br>
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JOS 12 1 e45x writing-background וְאֵ֣לֶּה 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer begins to provide background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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JOS 12 1 fe2c וְאֵ֣לֶּה׀ מַלְכֵ֣י 1 these are the kings This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24.
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JOS 12 1 g8ju translate-names הָעֲרָבָ֖ה 1 the Arabah These are the names of a region of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ JOS 12 22 z2b9 translate-names קֶ֨דֶשׁ֙…יָקְנֳעָ֥ם 1 Kedesh
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JOS 12 23 a6eq translate-names דּ֛וֹר לְנָפַ֥ת דּ֖וֹר…גּוֹיִ֥ם 1 Dor…Naphoth Dor…Goyim These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 12 24 kv8w translate-names תִּרְצָ֖ה 1 Tirzah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 12 24 aeg5 translate-numbers כָּל־מְלָכִ֖ים שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְאֶחָֽד 1 thirty-one in all “31 in all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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JOS 13 intro zl7s 0 # Joshua 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Division of the land<br><br>There was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32.<br><br>### Driving out the people<br><br>While Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel’s success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
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JOS 13 intro zl7s 0 # Joshua 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Division of the land<br><br>There was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32.<br><br>### Driving out the people<br><br>While Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel’s success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
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JOS 13 2 s51z figs-explicit זֹ֥את הָאָ֖רֶץ הַנִּשְׁאָ֑רֶת 1 This is the land that still remains You may clarify that this is the land that Israel still needs to capture. Alternate translation: “This is the land that still remains for Israel to capture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JOS 13 3 q1nv translate-names הַשִּׁיח֞וֹר 1 Shihor This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 13 3 a3iw figs-activepassive לַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י תֵּחָשֵׁ֑ב 1 which is considered property of the Canaanites This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which the Canaanites now consider their property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ JOS 13 31 zde9 figs-activepassive לִבְנֵ֤י 1 These were assigned This
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JOS 13 31 g5si translate-names מָכִ֖יר 1 Machir This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 13 32 hh57 figs-metaphor אֵ֕לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נִחַ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה 1 This is the inheritance that Moses assigned to them The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel on the east side of the Jordan is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Moses gave to them as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This is the land that Moses assigned to them as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 13 33 ce57 figs-metaphor יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָתָ֔ם 1 Yahweh, the God of Israel, is their inheritance The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, the God of Israel, is what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 14 intro dsn7 0 # Joshua 14 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
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JOS 14 intro dsn7 0 # Joshua 14 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
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JOS 14 1 u4tc figs-metaphor וְאֵ֛לֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נָחֲל֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 the areas of land that the people of Israel received as their inheritance The land that the people of Israel acquired is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 14 1 ql64 אֲב֥וֹת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת 1 tribal leaders “leaders of the tribes”
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JOS 14 2 f1ux figs-activepassive בְּגוֹרַ֖ל נַחֲלָתָ֑ם 1 Their inheritance was selected by lot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal leaders cast lots to determine the inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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@ -505,14 +505,14 @@ JOS 14 10 m9sn הִנֵּה֩ 1 look “pay attention, because what I am about
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JOS 14 10 c4ma אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֥ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר 1 while Israel walked in the wilderness “while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness”
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JOS 14 11 q443 כְּכֹ֥חִי אָ֖ז וּכְכֹ֣חִי עָ֑תָּה 1 My strength is now as my strength was then “I am still as strong now as I was then”
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JOS 14 11 y4nf figs-idiom וְלָצֵ֥את וְלָבֽוֹא 1 for going and coming This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. Alternate translation: “for the things I do every day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JOS 14 12 r8ka אֶת־הָהָ֣ר 1 hill country Possible meanings are (1) many large hills or small mountains or (2) one mountain.
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JOS 14 12 r8ka אֶת־הָהָ֣ר 1 hill country Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains or 2) one mountain.
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JOS 14 12 ner3 translate-names עֲנָקִ֣ים 1 Anakim This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 14 13 q6ae figs-metaphor וַיִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־חֶבְר֛וֹן לְכָלֵ֥ב 1 gave Hebron as an inheritance to Caleb Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 14 14 gji6 עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה 1 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
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JOS 14 14 zii3 figs-metaphor מִלֵּ֔א אַחֲרֵ֕י יְהוָ֖ה 1 he completely followed Yahweh Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he remained loyal to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 14 15 hyh6 translate-names קִרְיַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֔ע 1 Kiriath Arba This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 14 15 wv1z figs-personification וְהָאָ֥רֶץ שָׁקְטָ֖ה מִמִּלְחָמָֽה 1 Then the land had rest from war The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: “Then the people no longer fought wars in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 15 intro ght5 0 # Joshua 15 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JOS 15 intro ght5 0 # Joshua 15 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
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JOS 15 1 ex51 translate-names צִ֛ן 1 Zin This is the name of the wilderness area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 15 2 k5za מִקְצֵ֖ה יָ֣ם הַמֶּ֑לַח מִן־הַלָּשֹׁ֖ן הַפֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּה 1 from the end of the Salt Sea, from the bay that faces to the south “from the bay that faces south at the end of the Salt Sea.” These two phrases refer to the same location. The second phrase clarifies the point at which the southern border begins.
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JOS 15 2 j6xn מִן־הַלָּשֹׁ֖ן הַפֹּנֶ֥ה נֶֽגְבָּה 1 from the bay that faces to the south “from the bay that extends to the south” or “from the southern bay”
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@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ JOS 15 46 dfe2 וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן 1 settlements villages
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JOS 15 47 hsx1 translate-names נַ֣חַל מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 brook of Egypt a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 15 48 m88k translate-names 1 General Information: The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:63](../15/63.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 15 63 j68z עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
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JOS 16 intro bpv3 0 # Joshua 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JOS 16 intro bpv3 0 # Joshua 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
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JOS 16 1 b1k9 figs-explicit לִבְנֵ֤י יוֹסֵף֙ 1 the tribe of Joseph The “tribe of Joseph” consisted of the tribes of Joseph’s two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JOS 16 2 g9td translate-names ל֑וּזָה…עֲטָרֽוֹת 1 Luz…Ataroth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 16 2 zs9f translate-names הָאַרְכִּ֖י 1 Arkites This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ JOS 16 9 y6xs figs-activepassive וְהֶעָרִ֗ים הַמִּבְ
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JOS 16 9 f1yc figs-metaphor בְּת֖וֹךְ נַחֲלַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה 1 within the inheritance of the tribe of Manasseh The land that the tribe of Manasseh possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “within the land that the tribe of Manasseh had received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 16 10 au8e עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה 1 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
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JOS 16 10 fth4 figs-activepassive וַיְהִ֖י לְמַס־עֹבֵֽד 1 these people were made to do forced labor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 17 intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Manasseh’s lack of faith<br>Even though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JOS 17 intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Manasseh’s lack of faith<br>Even though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph’s sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
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JOS 17 1 j2sj translate-names לְמָכִיר֩ 1 Makir These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 17 1 zuz5 figs-activepassive וַֽיְהִי־ל֖וֹ הַגִּלְעָ֥ד וְהַבָּשָֽׁן 1 Makir’s descendants were assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 17 2 al47 translate-names אֲבִיעֶ֜זֶר…חֵ֗לֶק…אַשְׂרִיאֵל֙…שֶׁ֔כֶם…חֵ֖פֶר…שְׁמִידָ֑ע 1 Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher, and Shemida These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ JOS 17 3 u2e9 translate-names וְלִצְלָפְחָד֩…חֵ֨פֶ 1
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JOS 17 3 k5z5 translate-names מַחְלָ֣ה וְנֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְתִרְצָֽה 1 Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah These are women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 17 4 x2q2 translate-names אֶלְעָזָ֨ר 1 Eleazar This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 17 4 q55m figs-metaphor לָֽתֶת־לָ֥נוּ נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 to give to us an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “to give to us some land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 17 4 s6fd וַיִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם…נַֽחֲלָ֔ה 1 he gave those women an inheritance Possible meanings are (1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or (2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.”
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JOS 17 4 s6fd וַיִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם…נַֽחֲלָ֔ה 1 he gave those women an inheritance Possible meanings are 1) “Joshua gave those women an inheritance” or 2) “Eleazar gave those women an inheritance.”
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JOS 17 5 d1c3 figs-activepassive וַיִּפְּל֥וּ חַבְלֵֽי־מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 Ten parcels of land were assigned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Joshua assigned ten parcels of land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 17 5 z7zr חַבְלֵֽי…עֲשָׂרָ֑ה 1 Ten parcels “Ten portions”
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JOS 17 6 d9gb figs-metaphor נָחֲל֥וּ נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 received an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “received land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ JOS 17 7 dfe9 translate-names הַֽמִּכְמְתָ֔ת…תַּפּֽוּ
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JOS 17 9 k7gp הַגְּבוּל֩ 1 The border “The border of Manasseh’s land”
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JOS 17 9 l2af נַ֨חַל 1 brook a very small river
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JOS 17 9 qvi8 translate-names קָנָ֜ה 1 Kanah name of a brook (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 17 10 mi9b figs-activepassive וּבְאָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּן מִצָּפ֔וֹן 1 On the north side Asher can be reached Possible meanings are (1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or (2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 17 10 mi9b figs-activepassive וּבְאָשֵׁר֙ יִפְגְּע֣וּן מִצָּפ֔וֹן 1 On the north side Asher can be reached Possible meanings are 1) that the border of Manasseh’s land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or 2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: “Asher was on the north side” or “One can travel north to reach Asher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 17 10 fj36 figs-ellipsis וּבְיִשָּׂשכָ֖ר מִמִּזְרָֽח 1 to the east, Issachar The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to the east, one can reach Issachar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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JOS 17 11 s1sn translate-names בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן…וְיִבְלְעָ֨ם…דֹ֣אר…עֵֽין־דֹּר֙…תַעְנַךְ֙…מְגִדּ֖וֹ…הַנָּֽפֶת 1 Beth Shan…Ibleam…Dor…Endor…Taanach…Megiddo…Napheth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 17 14 b4j6 figs-explicit בְּנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף 1 the descendants of Joseph This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ JOS 17 15 psc4 translate-names וְהָֽרְפָאִ֑ים 1 Rephaim This
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JOS 17 16 g788 translate-names בְּבֵית־שְׁאָן֙…יִזְרְעֶֽאל 1 Beth Shan…Jezreel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 17 17 wa3y figs-metonymy בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף 1 the house of Joseph Here the word “house” refers to the descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JOS 17 18 w4m4 וּבֵ֣רֵאת֔וֹ 1 you will clear it “you will clear the forest of trees” or “you will cut down its trees”
|
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JOS 18 intro j38i 0 # Joshua 18 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JOS 18 intro j38i 0 # Joshua 18 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
|
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JOS 18 1 fkg2 figs-events וְהָאָ֥רֶץ נִכְבְּשָׁ֖ה לִפְנֵיהֶֽם 1 and they conquered the land They had conquered the people who lived in the land before they set up the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: “after they had conquered the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
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JOS 18 2 ynk6 figs-metaphor אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָלְק֖וּ אֶת־נַֽחֲלָתָ֑ם 1 whose inheritance had not been assigned The land that the tribes would receive is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to whom Joshua had not assigned land as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 18 3 bia9 figs-rquestion עַד־אָ֨נָה֙ אַתֶּ֣ם מִתְרַפִּ֔ים לָבוֹא֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶֽם 1 How long will you put off…has given you? Joshua asks this question in order to encourage the Israelites to take possession of the land. Alternate translation: “For long enough, you have put off…has given you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ JOS 18 21 i6af translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists the citi
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JOS 18 24 jsu9 וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן 1 their villages “the villages around them”
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JOS 18 25 nk7k translate-names 0 General Information: The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 18 28 t3aa figs-metaphor זֹ֛את נַֽחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן 1 This was the inheritance of Benjamin The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 19 intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JOS 19 intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
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JOS 19 1 s149 וַיֵּצֵ֞א הַגּוֹרָ֤ל הַשֵּׁנִי֙ לְשִׁמְע֔וֹן 1 The second casting of lots fell to Simeon “The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon”
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JOS 19 1 gl7x translate-ordinal הַשֵּׁנִי֙ 1 The second number two in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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JOS 19 1 z9r9 לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָ֑ם 1 clan by clan “and Joshua assigned the land to each of their clans”
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@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ JOS 19 27 pbh2 translate-names בֵּ֣ית דָּגֹן֒…וּבְגֵ
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JOS 19 28 ht1l translate-names וְעֶבְרֹ֥ן וּרְחֹ֖ב וְחַמּ֣וֹן וְקָנָ֑ה 1 Abdon…Rehob…Hammon…Kanah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 19 29 q8wz translate-names חֹסָ֔ה…אַכְזִֽיבָה 1 Hosah…Akzib These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 19 30 y1g5 translate-names וְעֻמָ֥ה וַאֲפֵ֖ק וּרְחֹ֑ב 1 Ummah…Aphek…Rehob These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 19 31 x4aq figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Asher The land and cities that the tribe of Asher received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Asher received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 19 31 x4aq figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר 1 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Asher The land and cities that the tribe of Asher received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Asher received as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 19 32 jy7g יָצָ֖א הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑י 1 The sixth casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
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JOS 19 32 jjm6 translate-ordinal הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑י 1 The sixth number six in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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JOS 19 33 syr4 translate-names מֵחֵ֨לֶף…בְּצַעֲנַנִּ֗ים וַאֲדָמִ֥י הַנֶּ֛קֶב וְיַבְנְאֵ֖ל…לַקּ֑וּם 1 Heleph…Zaanannim…Adami Nekeb…Jabneel…Lakkum These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ JOS 19 48 cx9h figs-metaphor זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵ
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JOS 19 49 jzi6 figs-metaphor וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל נַחֲלָ֛ה לִיהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן בְּתוֹכָֽם 1 gave an inheritance among themselves to Joshua son of Nun The city that Joshua received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “gave a city within their own land as an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 19 50 ac8r translate-names אֶת־תִּמְנַת־סֶ֖רַח 1 Timnath Serah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 19 51 cs47 figs-metaphor אֵ֣לֶּה הַנְּחָלֹ֡ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִחֲל֣וּ 1 These are the inheritances…assigned The land and cities that the various tribes received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “These are the portions of land and the cities…assigned as inheritances” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 20 intro vg5f 0 # Joshua 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cities of Refuge<br><br>If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: “Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])
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JOS 20 intro vg5f 0 # Joshua 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cities of Refuge<br><br>If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: “Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])<br>
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JOS 20 2 qhs6 figs-metonymy בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה 1 by the hand of Moses Here “hand of Moses” refers to the scriptures that Moses wrote down. Alternate translation: “through the things that Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JOS 20 3 a1vg מַכֵּה־נֶ֥פֶשׁ בִּשְׁגָגָ֖ה 1 unintentionally kills This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so.
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JOS 20 3 h73b figs-metonymy מִגֹּאֵ֖ל הַדָּֽם 1 avenge the blood of a person who was killed Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ JOS 20 7 lyr5 translate-names 0 General Information: There are a lot of names i
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JOS 20 8 cy8e לְיַרְדֵּ֤ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
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JOS 20 9 b89x figs-idiom וְלֹ֣א יָמ֗וּת בְּיַד֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם 1 would not die by the hand of the one Here “by the hand” is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: “would not be killed by the one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JOS 20 9 j61z figs-metonymy גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם 1 avenge the blood that was shed This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: “avenge a person’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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JOS 21 intro pp5c 0 # Joshua 21 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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JOS 21 intro pp5c 0 # Joshua 21 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
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JOS 21 1 js4y translate-names אֶלְעָזָר֙…נ֑וּן 1 Eleazar…Nun These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 21 2 wk1t וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם 1 They said to them “The Levites said to them”
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JOS 21 2 wk1m figs-idiom יְהוָה֙ צִוָּ֣ה בְיַד־מֹשֶׁ֔ה 1 Yahweh commanded you by the hand of Moses The phrase “by the hand of” is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to command you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ JOS 21 34 ws8g translate-names מְרָרִי֮ 1 Merari This is a man’s name.
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JOS 21 34 ng32 translate-names אֶֽת־יָקְנְעָ֖ם…אֶת־קַרְתָּ֖ה 1 Jokneam…Kartah These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 21 35 ek4f translate-names אֶת־דִּמְנָה֙…אֶֽת־נַהֲלָ֖ל 1 Dimnah…Nahalal names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 21 36 dh5c translate-names אֶת־בֶּ֖צֶר…וְאֶת־יַ֖הְצָה 1 Bezer…Jahaz names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 21 37 jbp6 translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽ 1 four cities This refers to the total number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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JOS 21 37 jbp6 translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע 1 four cities This refers to the total number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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JOS 21 37 e538 translate-names אֶת־קְדֵמוֹת֙…מֵיפָ֖עַת 1 Kedemoth…Mephaath names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 21 38 r7m5 translate-names אֶת־רָמֹ֥ת…מַחֲנַ֖יִם 1 Ramoth…Mahanaim These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 21 39 a2l1 translate-names אֶת־חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙…אֶת־יַעְזֵ֖ר 1 Heshbon…Jazer These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ JOS 21 43 q5na נִשְׁבַּ֖ע 1 he swore “he gave an oath”
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JOS 21 44 t1a4 figs-litotes וְלֹא־עָ֨מַד אִ֤ישׁ בִּפְנֵיהֶם֙ מִכָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם 1 Not one of their enemies could defeat them This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “They defeated every one of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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JOS 21 44 lg6d figs-metonymy אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה בְּיָדָֽם 1 gave all their enemies into their hand Here “into their hand” means “into their power.” Alternate translation: “gave them power to defeat all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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JOS 21 45 u1ik figs-litotes לֹֽא־נָפַ֣ל דָּבָ֔ר מִכֹּל֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַטּ֔וֹב אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 Not one thing among all the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel failed to come true This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: “Every one of the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel came true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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JOS 22 intro l4hr 0 # Joshua 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument<br><br>The tribes east of the Jordan River said, “Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, ‘You have no share in Yahweh.’” They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.
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JOS 22 intro l4hr 0 # Joshua 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument<br><br>The tribes east of the Jordan River said, “Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, ‘You have no share in Yahweh.’” They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.<br>
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JOS 22 1 ic3e translate-names לָרֽאוּבֵנִ֖י 1 Reubenites people of the tribe of Reuben (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 22 1 w3xd translate-names וְלַגָּדִ֑י 1 Gadites people of the tribe of Gad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 22 2 x8l8 figs-metonymy וַתִּשְׁמְע֣וּ בְקוֹלִ֔י 1 obeyed my voice Here “my voice” refers to the things that Joshua had said. Alternate translation: “obeyed everything I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -804,22 +804,22 @@ JOS 22 10 iy3p הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 the Jordan This was a short name f
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JOS 22 11 ww1z figs-metaphor אֶל־מוּל֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן 1 at the front of the land of Canaan The Israelite tribes who lived across the Jordan River would enter Canaan at the place where they built the altar. This place is spoken of as if it was the “front” or “entrance” to Canaan where the other tribes lived. Alternate translation: “at the entrance to the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 22 11 yqa5 translate-names גְּלִילוֹת֙ 1 Geliloth This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 22 12 v3q5 לַצָּבָֽא 1 war a state of armed conflict between two nations or people groups
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JOS 22 13 t232 translate-names אֶלְעָזָ֥ 1 Eleazar name of man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 22 13 t232 translate-names אֶלְעָזָ֥ר 1 Eleazar name of man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 22 16 sy2y כֹּ֣ה אָמְר֞וּ כֹּ֣ל׀ עֲדַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה 1 The whole assembly of Yahweh says this All the people of Israel are spoken of together in the singular as if they were one person. Alternate translation: “All the other Israelites are asking”
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JOS 22 17 lcv2 figs-rquestion הַמְעַט־לָ֨נוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן פְּע֔וֹר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הִטַּהַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה 1 Was our sin at Peor not enough for us? This question emphasizes how serious their previous sin was. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We had already sinned terribly at Peor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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JOS 22 17 b18v translate-names פְּע֔וֹר 1 Peor This is name of a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 13:20](../13/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 22 17 ie2t figs-litotes אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־הִטַּהַ֨רְנוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ 1 we have not even now cleansed ourselves from it This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we are still dealing with the guilt of that sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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JOS 22 20 kyw7 translate-names עָכָ֣ן…זֶ֗רַח 1 Achan…Zerah names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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JOS 22 20 v3qy figs-rquestion הֲל֣וֹא׀ עָכָ֣ן בֶּן־זֶ֗רַח מָ֤עַל מַ֨עַל֙ בַּחֵ֔רֶם 1 Did not Achan son of Zerah break faith in the matter of those things that had been reserved for God? Did not wrath fall on all the people of Israel? These questions are used to remind the people of the punishment for past sins. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “Achan son of Zerah sinned by taking things that had been reserved for God. And because of that God punished all the people of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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JOS 22 22 x5pm figs-hypo אִם־בְּמֶ֤רֶד וְאִם־בְּמַ֨עַל֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה אַל־תּוֹשִׁיעֵ֖נוּ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽ 1 If it was in rebellion…on this day The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar in rebellion or breach of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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JOS 22 23 sku4 figs-hypo לִבְנ֥וֹת לָ֨נוּ֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לָשׁ֖וּב מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְאִם־לְהַעֲל֨וֹת עָלָ֜יו עוֹלָ֣ה וּמִנְחָ֗ה וְאִם־לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת עָלָיו֙ זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֔ים יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא יְבַקֵּֽשׁ 1 If we built…let Yahweh make us pay for it The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar to worship another god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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JOS 22 22 x5pm figs-hypo אִם־בְּמֶ֤רֶד וְאִם־בְּמַ֨עַל֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה אַל־תּוֹשִׁיעֵ֖נוּ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 If it was in rebellion…on this day The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar in rebellion or breach of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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JOS 22 23 sku4 figs-hypo לִבְנ֥וֹת לָ֨נוּ֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לָשׁ֖וּב מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְאִם־לְהַעֲל֨וֹת עָלָ֜יו עוֹלָ֣ה וּמִנְחָ֗ה וְאִם־לַעֲשׂ֤וֹת עָלָיו֙ זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֔ים יְהוָ֖ה ה֥וּא יְבַקֵּֽשׁ 1 If we built…let Yahweh make us pay for it The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar to worship another god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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JOS 22 24 cei9 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer.
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JOS 22 24 xpn5 figs-hypo יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵיכֶ֤ם לְבָנֵ֨ינוּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מַה־לָּכֶ֕ם וְלַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 your children might say to our children…God of Israel? This is a hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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JOS 22 24 qr6z figs-rquestion מַה־לָּכֶ֕ם וְלַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 What have you to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel? The three tribes use this rhetorical question to emphasize the situation they are trying to avoid. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have nothing to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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JOS 22 25 qfc4 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh continue their answer.
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JOS 22 25 w2sv figs-hypo וּגְב֣וּל נָֽתַן־יְ֠הוָה בֵּינֵ֨נוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶ֜ם בְּנֵי־רְאוּבֵ֤ן וּבְנֵי־גָד֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֵין־לָכֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּֽיהוָ֑ה 1 For Yahweh has made the Jordan…nothing to do with Yahweh This is the continuation of the hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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JOS 22 25 w3az אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
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JOS 22 25 iy97 figs-hypo וְהִשְׁבִּ֤יתוּ בְנֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־בָּנֵ֔ינוּ לְבִלְתִּ֖י יְרֹ֥א אֶת־יְהוָֽ 1 So your children might make our children cease to worship Yahweh The three tribes built the altar to avoid this hypothetical situation from happening in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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JOS 22 25 iy97 figs-hypo וְהִשְׁבִּ֤יתוּ בְנֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־בָּנֵ֔ינוּ לְבִלְתִּ֖י יְרֹ֥א אֶת־יְהוָֽה 1 So your children might make our children cease to worship Yahweh The three tribes built the altar to avoid this hypothetical situation from happening in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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JOS 22 26 ueg6 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer.
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JOS 22 27 m97u figs-metaphor עֵ֨ד ה֜וּא בֵּינֵ֣ינוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶ֗ם 1 to be a witness between us and you The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify to the rights of the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 22 27 gs6k figs-hypo וְלֹא־יֹאמְר֨וּ בְנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ לְבָנֵ֔ינוּ אֵין־לָכֶ֥ם חֵ֖לֶק בַּיהוָֽה 1 so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, “You have no share in Yahweh.” This is the hypothetical situation that the three tribes did not want to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
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@ -835,14 +835,14 @@ JOS 22 31 w1fn figs-metonymy הִצַּלְתֶּ֛ם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י י
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JOS 22 33 pn48 figs-idiom וַיִּיטַ֣ב הַדָּבָ֗ר בְּעֵינֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Their report was good in the eyes of the people Here “good in the eyes” means “accepted.” Alternate translation: “The people accepted the report of the leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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JOS 22 33 h5hk לְשַׁחֵת֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ 1 destroy the land “destroy everything in the land”
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JOS 22 34 xf56 figs-metaphor עֵ֥ד הוּא֙ בֵּֽינֹתֵ֔ינוּ 1 It is a witness between us The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify for the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 23 intro v3r6 0 # Joshua 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s final words to Israel (Joshua 23-24)<br><br>“Do not marry with the heathen people but drive them out.” ##### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land because if the Israelites married the Canaanites, the Canaanites would cause them to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
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JOS 23 intro v3r6 0 # Joshua 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s final words to Israel (Joshua 23-24)<br><br>“Do not marry with the heathen people but drive them out.” ##### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land because if the Israelites married the Canaanites, the Canaanites would cause them to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
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JOS 23 2 vyz9 figs-doublet זָקַ֔נְתִּי בָּ֖אתִי בַּיָּמִֽים 1 old and well advanced in years This doublet can be translated as “very old.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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JOS 23 4 t22f הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן 1 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
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JOS 23 4 bf99 מְב֥וֹא הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ 1 in the west This indicates the direction of the setting sun.
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JOS 23 6 w84i figs-metaphor לְבִלְתִּ֥י סוּר־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאול 1 turning aside from it neither to the right hand nor to the left Disobeying the commands of the law of Moses is spoken of as turning to the right or to the left away from a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 23 7 mc72 לְבִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה 1 you may not mix Possible meanings are (1) having close friendship with them or (2) intermarrying with them.
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JOS 23 7 mc72 לְבִלְתִּי־בוֹא֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה 1 you may not mix Possible meanings are 1) having close friendship with them or 2) intermarrying with them.
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JOS 23 7 vkw6 תַזְכִּ֨ירוּ֙ 1 mention to speak of
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JOS 23 7 wbj7 אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֤ 1 their gods This refers to the gods of the remaining nations.
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JOS 23 7 wbj7 אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֤ם 1 their gods This refers to the gods of the remaining nations.
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JOS 23 8 k6my figs-metaphor בַּיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם תִּדְבָּ֑קוּ 1 cling to Yahweh “hold tightly to Yahweh.” Believing in Yahweh is spoken of as if they were holding tightly onto him. Alternate translation: “continue to believe in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 23 8 q6qx עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 to this day “until the present time”
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JOS 23 9 wf3v figs-metonymy לֹא־עָ֤מַד אִישׁ֙ בִּפְנֵיכֶ֔ם 1 to stand before you Here “stand” represents holding ground in a battle. The word “you” refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ JOS 23 14 x3c7 figs-doublet וִידַעְתֶּ֞ם בְּכָל־לְב
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JOS 23 14 vtt2 figs-doublenegatives לֹֽא־נָפַל֩ דָּבָ֨ר אֶחָ֜ד 1 not one word has failed to come true These words emphasize that Yahweh’s promises have all occurred. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “every word has come true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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JOS 23 16 xwa3 figs-parallelism וַעֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָהֶ֑ם 1 worship other gods and bow down to them These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second describes how the people “worship other gods.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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JOS 23 16 wz7d figs-metaphor וְחָרָ֤ה אַף־יְהוָה֙ בָּכֶ֔ם 1 the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you “Kindled” here is a metaphor for the beginning of Yahweh’s anger, like a fire is “kindled” or started with “kindling” or very easy to start burning like dried grass or small twigs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will begin to be angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 24 intro yqa8 0 # Joshua 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s instructions<br>In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua’s instructions.
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JOS 24 intro yqa8 0 # Joshua 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua’s instructions<br>In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua’s instructions.<br>
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JOS 24 1 e4nq figs-metaphor וַיֶּאֶסֹ֧ף יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־כָּל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel Joshua’s summons to the tribes is spoken of as if he gathered them together in a basket. Alternate translation: “Joshua asked all the tribes of Israel to meet with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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JOS 24 1 c7pt וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י 1 presented themselves before “came and stood in front of” or “came before”
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JOS 24 2 tn5x מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם 1 long ago “many years ago”
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