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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ugg/src/branch/master/content/verb_transitive.rst
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.. _verb_transitive:
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Verb transitive
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===============
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Glossary
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--------
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A **verb** which can take a direct object is **transitive** (e.g. *He
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ate the bread*).
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.. csv-table:: Table Tran 1
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:Header-rows: 1
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Matthew 12:4
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τοὺς,ἄρτους,τῆς,Προθέσεως,**ἔφαγεν**
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tous,artous,tēs,Protheseōs,**ephagen**
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the,bread,of the,of the setting forth/presentation,**they ate**
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… *they* **ate** *the bread of the presence*
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Note: In this example **ἔφαγεν** (they ate) is the transitive verb and *ἄρτους* (bread) is the direct object.
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Article
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-------
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Verbs may be classified as **Transitive**, :ref:`Intransitive<verb_intransitive>`, or :ref:`Linking<verb_linking>` .
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Linking verbs may also be referred to as *equative verbs*.
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Transitive verbs require an object for the action of the verb. Therefore, transitive verbs
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will always have an object for the verb. The object may be stated or implied. The action of the verb is carried
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over into (or onto) an object of the verb. The direct object is a noun (or noun phrase) that receives the action of the
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transitive verb.
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[Note] Participles function as a verbal adjective and Infinitives function as a verbal noun. Therefore participles and
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infinitives can act like a transitive verb and take a direct object because both participles and infinitives can function
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like a verb in a clause.
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Most verbs take their direct object in the acusative case, but some verbs take their dirct object in the genetive
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or dative case. [See `Dative_Direct_object <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/case_dative.html#id3>`_ or
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`Genitive_Subject-Object <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/case_genitive.html#id3>`_ and
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tables `Tables_4a_and_4b <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/verb_transitive.html#tables-4a-and-4b-case-of-direct-object-may-vary>`_ below.]
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Intransitive verbs do not take an object.
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The verbal idea of the verb determines if a verb is transitive or intransitive.
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Intransitive verbs may appear in the active, middle, or passive voice. Although most verbs in the passive voice are
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intransitive, there are a few instances where a verb in the passive voice is transitive.
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See :ref:`Intransitive<verb_intransitive>` verb.
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Some verbs can be transitive in one sentence and intransitive in another sentence.
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ἐσθίω (2nd aorist of ἔφαγον ) is a verb which can be both transitive or intransitive depending upon the context.
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ἐσθέω is transitive in Matthew 12:4
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.. csv-table:: Table Tran 2
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:Header-rows: 1
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Matthew 12:4
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τοὺς,ἄρτους,τῆς,Προθέσεως,**ἔφαγεν**
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tous,artous,tēs,Protheseōs,**ephagen**
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the,bread,the,of the setting forth/presentation,**they ate**
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… *they* **ate** *the bread of the presence*
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ἐσθέω is intransitive in the following example from Mark 6:42.
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.. csv-table:: Table Tran 3
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:Header-rows: 1
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Mark 6:42
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καὶ,**ἔφαγον**,πάντες,καὶ,ἐχορτάσθησαν
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kai,**ephagon**,pantes,kai,echortasthēsan
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and,**they ate**,all,and,they were satisfied
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*and they all* **ate** *and were satisfied.*
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Tables 4a and 4b Case of Direct object may vary
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_______________________________________________
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The following two tables (4a and 4b) are an example of a single sentence with three different transitive verbs.
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However, each verb takes its object in a different case.
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* ἀκούω (present active indicative third person plural *ἀκούουσιν*) takes its object in the genitive case.
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* γινώσκω (present active indicative first person singular *γινώσκω* ) takes its object in the accusative case.
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* ἀκολουθἐω (present active indicative third person plural *ἀκολουθοῦσίν*) takes its object in the dative case.
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.. csv-table:: Table 4a
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:Header-rows: 1
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John 10:27a
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τὰ,πρόβατα,τὰ,ἐμὰ,τῆς,**φωνῆς**,μου,*ἀκούουσιν*
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ta,probata,ta,ema,tēs,**phōnēs**,mou,*akouousin*
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the,sheep,the,my,the,**voice**,my,*they hear*
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My sheep *hear* my **voice**;
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.. csv-table:: Table 4b
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:Header-rows: 1
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John 10:27b
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κἀγὼ,*γινώσκω*,**αὐτά**,καὶ,*ἀκολουθοῦσίν*,**μοι**
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kagō,*ginōskō*,**auta**,kai,*akolouthousin*,**moi**
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and I,*I Know*,**them**,and,*they follow*,**me**
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and I *know* **them**, and they *follow* **me**. |