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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ugg/src/branch/master/content/mood_indicative.rst
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.. _mood_indicative:
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Mood indicative
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===============
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Glossary
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--------
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The **indicative mood** indicates that the speaker is portraying or speaking as
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if the verbal action he is referring to is real (rather than only potential).
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It is the most frequently used mood and is the *default mood* when there is no reason to use one of the other moods.
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Example:
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**Table VMI-1 Indicative example**
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.. csv-table:: Table VMI-1 Indicative Example
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Matthew 3:11
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ἐγὼ,μὲν,ὑμᾶς,**βαπτίζω**,ἐν,ὕδατι,εἰς,μετάνοιαν
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egō,men,hymas,**baptizō**,en,hydati,eis, metanoian
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I,indeed,you,**I baptize**,with,water,into,repentance
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**I baptize** *you with water for repentance*
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Article
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-------
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The **Indicative mood** indicates that the action of the verb is being portrayed as real (or actual).
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It does not mean that the action portrayed is real. The speaker could be lying. He could be telling a parable,
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a make-believe story, exaggerating, or just be wrong. In all of these cases the statement is presented as being real.
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The indicative mood may be used in:
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#. Declarative statements. See `Declarative Indicative <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/mood_indicative.html#id2>`_
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#. Interrogative statements (or questions). See `Interrogative-indicative <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/mood_indicative.html#id3>`_
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#. Conditional statements. See `Conditional Statement <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/mood_indicative.html#conditional-statement-indicative>`_ or
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#. Imperatives. See `Imperative Indicative <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/mood_indicative.html#id4>`_
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Tense
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~~~~~
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*Tense* in the indicative mood, refers to both time and aspect from the speaker’s perspective. See `Tense <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tense.html>`_
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Time in the indicative mood can be past (completed action), Present (either durative or undefined),
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or future (either durative or undefined).
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Aspect refers to the kind of action. The kind of action can be mere occurrence (undefined), durative, or completed.
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The aspect (or kind of action) for the indicative mood in the present tense must be determined based on the context.
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When we say the aspect is “Mere occurrence” or “Undefined” this means the action could have taken place over a long period of time,
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in a moment of time, or anywhere in between. The aspect (or kind of action) is not defined.
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Form
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~~~~
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See the `Master_Verb_chart <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/paradigms.html#verbs>`_
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* Table 3 through Table 8 for the complete list of forms for the indicative mood.
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15,643 (or 55% of the 28,342 verbs) in the New Testament are in the indicative mood.
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The basic form for a verb consists of:
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#. An augment (for the imperfect and aorist tenses only) or a reduplication (for the perfect tenses),
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#. The tense stem,
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#. A tense formative (for the future, aorist tenses except for second aorist, and perfect active tenses),
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#. A connecting vowel (which may or may not be present), and
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#. Personal ending
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See `Thematic Indicative Verbs <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/paradigms.html#verbs-indicative-thematic>`_
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Table V-IT-1a through Table V-IT-5b for a complete listing of the different present, imperfect, future, and aorist tense
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forms for verbs with a theme vowel.
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See `Athematic Indicative Verbs <https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/paradigms.html#verbs-indicative-athematic>`_
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for the forms of verbs that do not have a theme vowel.
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Declarative indicative
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A declarative statement makes a statement or assertion. This is the most common use of the indicative mood.
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Example:
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Table VMI-2 Declarative Indicative
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####
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.. csv-table:: Table VMI-2 Declarative Indicative
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:header-rows: 1
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John 1:1
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ἐν,ἀρχῇ,**ἦν**,ὁ,λόγος
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en,archē,**ēn**,ho,logos
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in,beginning,**it was**,the,word
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*In the beginning* **was** *the Word*
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Interrogative Indicative
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The indicative mood may be used in a question when it expects a declarative response.
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It assumes that there is a factual response to the question.
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Example:
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Table VMI-3 Interrogative Indicative
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####
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.. csv-table:: Table VMI-3 Interrogative Indicative
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John 1:38
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λέγει,αὐτοῖς,τί,**ζητεῖτε**?
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legei,autois,ti,**zēteite**?
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He says,to them,what,do you **seek**
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*He said to them, "What* do you **seek**?”
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The following example ( Table VM-4) could be translated as a *Declarative Indicative*
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or an *Interrogative Indicative* based on Greek grammar. The decision to translate this
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verse as a question (or interrogative) is based on the context. It should also be kept in mind
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that the punctuation marks in the Greek text are not a part of the original text of the scripture,
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but are a helpful aid in our translation.
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**Table VMI-4 Interrogative based on context**
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.. csv-table:: Table VMI-4 Interrogative based on Context
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:header-rows: 1
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Matthew 27:11
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σὺ,**εἶ**,ὁ,βασιλεὺς,τῶν,Ἰουδαίων?
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sy,**ei**,ho,basileus,tōn,Ioudaiōn?
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you,**you are**,the,king,of the,Jews?
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"**Are you** *the king of the Jews?*" or alternate translation based on grammar
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**"You are** *the king of the Jews."*
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[Note: Context makes it clear that Pilate is asking a question and making a declaritive statement that Jesus is King of the Jews.]
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Conditional Statement- Indicative
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A verb in the indicative mood may be used in the first part of a conditional statement
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(known as the protasis or the “if clause”). In this case the clause usually begins with ἐι (if).
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Often it will contain the particle ἀν (a non-translatable particle which makes a statement conditional)
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in the apodosis (or the “then clause”).
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It is appropriate for the indicative mood to be used in the protasis because it is being presented as reality.
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(If this is so, then this.)
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Example:
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Table VMI-5 Conditional Statement Indicative
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####
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.. CSv-table:: Table VMI-5 Conditional Statement indicative
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John 5:46
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εἰ,γὰρ,**ἐπιστεύετε**,Μωϋσεῖ,ἐπιστεύετε,ἂν,ἐμοί
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ei,gar,**episteuete**,Mōusei,episteuete,an,emoi
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if,for,**you believed**,Moses,you would have believed,,me
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*For if* **you believed** *Moses, you would believe me*
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Imperative Indicative
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The future indicative is sometimes used to express a command.
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Example:
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Table VMI-6 Imperative Indicative
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####
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.. csv-table:: Table VMI-6 Imperative Indicative
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Matthew 19:18
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ὁ,δὲ,Ἰησοῦς,εἶπεν,τὸ,οὐ,**φονεύσεις**,οὐ,**μοιχεύσεις**
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ho,de,Iēsous,eipen,to,ou,**phoneuseis**,ou,**moicheuseis**
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the,but,Jesus,he said,the,not,**you will kill**,not,**you will commit adultery**
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*But Jesus said,* “**Do not kill**, **do not commit adultery**"
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