From b7427fda336e7a12abc3f0de1e4f688ad40089e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jbnathan3 Date: Fri, 30 Nov 2018 20:57:11 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Update 'content/person_third.rst' --- content/person_third.rst | 228 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 225 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/person_third.rst b/content/person_third.rst index 89e1dea..82a70f1 100644 --- a/content/person_third.rst +++ b/content/person_third.rst @@ -8,9 +8,231 @@ Person third Glossary -------- -**Third person** is a grammatical feature indicating that the speaker is -talking about another person and is not involved in the verbal action -(e.g., *he ran*, *she ran*, *they ran*). +**Third person** is a grammatical feature indicating that the speaker is talking about a person (or thing) other than the speak +or writer or the person being addressed (the reader or listener) (e.g., he ran, she ran, they ran). + +.. csv-table:: + + Mark 1:8 + αὐτὸς,δὲ,βαπτίσει,ὑμᾶς,ἐν,Πνεύματι,Ἁγίῳ + autos,de,baptisei,hymas,en,Pneumati,Hagiō + he,but,he will baptize,you,with,Spirit,Holy + + +*...but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.* + + +Summary +------- + +Third person is used when the narrator or speaker refers to someone +besides himself or the listener (or reader). + Article ------- + +The third person is the person or thing refered to other than the speaker or someone being addressed. Pronouns in the third person +(*he*, *him*, *his*, *she*, *her*, or *it* or group of people/things *they*, *them*, or *their*, refer to something that is spoken about. + +The third person can be used in both direct and indirect speech. + +Third person references appear in both :ref:`Verb` forms, and :ref:`Pronoun_Personal` forms. + +Form +---- + +When a word is in the third person, it can be recognized by a variety of +changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and +are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. These changes can be classified into Verbal Conjugation forms and Personal Pronouns. + +The third person of a verb is formed by adding a third person personal ending (or sufformative) to the verb stem. +These endings can be divided into eight basic types: primary active, secondary active, primary middle/passive and +secondary middle/passive. There are also singular and plural endings. The paradigm below shows a sample of the kinds of changes that +indicate a third person verbal form. + + + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +**Eight common Third Person Verbal Conjugation Forms** + +.. csv-table:: + + Parsing,Greek,Transliteration,Gloss + Third person present active indicative singular,λύει,lyei,He/she/it is loosing + Third person present active indicative plural,λύουσι(ν),lyousi (n),They are loosing + Third person present passive indicative singular,λύεται,lyetai,He/she/it is being loosed + Third person present passive indicative plural,λύονται,lyontai,They are being loosed + Third person aorist active indicative singular,ἒλυε,elye,He/she/it loosed + Third person aorist active indicative plural,ἒλυον,elyon,They loosed + Third person aorist passive indicative singular,ἐλύετο,elyeto,He/she/it was loosed + Third person aorist passive indicative plural,ἐλύοντο,elyonto,They were loosed + + +**Personal pronouns also have person and appear in various forms.** +Greek distinguishes between :ref:`Number Singular` and :ref:`Number Plural` ,AND between +:ref:`Gender Masculine` ,:ref:`Gender Feminine` ,and :ref:`Gender Neuter` forms, and as a :ref:`pronounpersonal(pronoun_personal>`_ forms. + +Function +-------- + + + +In the :ref:`verb`_ form +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +As stated above a suffix is added to the verb stem to indicate the person and number for the subject of the verb. The subject in a +sentence is the person or thing that does the action of the verb. However, if the verb is in the :ref:`passive voice`_ , +the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb. + +.. csv-table:: + + John 1:14 + καὶ,ὁ,λόγος,σὰρξ,ἐγένετο,καὶ,ἐσκήνωσεν,ἐν,ἡμῖν + kai,ho,logos,sarx,egeneto,kai,eskēnōsen,en,hemin + and,the,word,flesh,it became,and,it lived,among,us + + +*The Word became flesh and lived among us.* + + +The personal ending of the verb is generally sufficient to show the person and number of the subject of the sentence. +Therefore, an emphasis is being made when the nominative case of the personal pronoun is used in conjunction with the verb. + +.. csv-table:: + + Ephesians 4:11 + καὶ,αὐτὸς,ἔδωκεν,τοὺς,μὲν,,ἀποστόλους + kai,autos,edōken,tous,men,,apostolous + and,he,he gave,some,(to be),apostles + + +*He gave some to be apostles* + + +As a :ref:`pronoun_personal` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + +The third person personal pronoun can be used as a subject, an object, or to indicate possession. Personal pronouns may also be used +as the object of a preposition. The :ref:`number`_ (singular or plural) and the :ref:`gender`_ (Masculine, feminine, +or neuter) will agree with its antecedent. However, the :ref:`case`_ will depend on its function in the sentence. + + +**Prepositions** +Third person personal pronouns can be the object of a preposition. They therefore can occur in the Genitive, Dative, or Accusative case +depending upon the preposition. + +*Third person personal pronoun - preposition* + + +.. csv-table:: + + Romans 1:17 + δικαιοσύνη,γὰρ,Θεοῦ,ἐν,αὐτῷ,ἀποκαλύπτεται,ἐκ,πίστεως,εἰς,πίστιν + dikaiosynē,gar,Theou,en,autō,apokalyptetai,ek,pisteōs,eis,pistin + righteousness,for,of,God,in,it,it is being revealed,from,faith,into,faith + + +*For in it God's righteousness is revealed from faith to faith* + + +**Subject of a sentence or clause** (including predicate nominative) + Third person personal pronoun – nominative case αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό, αὐτοί, αὐταί, αὐτά + +As stated above, the personal ending of the verb is generally sufficient to show the person and number of the subject of the sentence. +Therefore, an emphasis is being made when the nominative case of the personal pronoun is used in conjunction with the verb. + +.. csv-table:: Example: Matthew 5:8 + +Μακάριοι οἱ καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ ὅτι αὐτοὶ τὸν Θεὸν ὄψονται +Makarioi hoi katharoi tē kardia hoti autoi ton Theon opsontai +Blessed (are) the pure in the heart because they the God they will see +Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God. + + +Possession +~~~~~~ +Third Person personal pronoun – Genitive case αὐτοῦ, αὐτῆς, αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶν, αὐτῶν, αὐτῶν + + +.. csv-table:: Example: Matthew 5:2 + +καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ ἐδίδασκεν αὐτοὺς +kai anoixas to stoma autou edidasken autous +and he opened the mouth his he was teaching them +He opened his mouth and taught them + +Objective Cases + +Third person personal pronoun – Dative case αὐτῷ, αὐτῇ, αὐτῷ, αὐτοῖς, αὐταῖς, αὐτοῖς + +.. csv-table:: Example: Matthew 8:20 + +καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς +kai legei autō ho Iēsous +and he says to him the Jesus +Jesus said to him + +Third person personal pronoun – Accusative case αὐτόν, αὐτήν, αὐτό, αὐτούς, αὐτάς, αὐτά + +  +.. csv-table:: Example: Mark 1:37 + +καὶ εὗρον αὐτὸν καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ ὅτι πάντες ζητοῦσίν σε +kai heuron auton kai legousin autō hoti pantes zētousin se +and they found him and they said to him that everyone is seeking you +They found him and they said to him, "Everyone is looking for you." + +Reflexive use of the third person personal pronoun – εἀυτοῦ, εἀυτῆς, εἀυτοῦ +The third person reflexive pronoun occurs 317 times in the New Testament. It occurs in the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative forms. αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό is used as a reflexive pronoun 119 times. + +.. csv-table:: Example: Romans 14:7 + +οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἡμῶν ἑαυτῷ ζῇ καὶ οὐδεὶς ἑαυτῷ ἀποθνῄσκει +oudeis gar hēmōn heautō zē kai oudeis heautō apothnēskei +no one for of us to himself he lives and no one to himself he dies +For none of us lives for himself, and none dies for himself.