Merge branch 'master' into jbnathan3

This commit is contained in:
cpresson 2018-03-21 15:02:14 -04:00
commit b87ba2ed45
36 changed files with 8819 additions and 42 deletions

View File

@ -1,19 +1,48 @@
# English Unlocked Greek Grammar
This is the repository for a reference grammar for biblical Greek based on the [morphology codes](https://github.com/biblicalhumanities/Nestle1904/blob/master/parsing.txt) that show up in the [Nestle 1904 text](https://github.com/biblicalhumanities/Nestle1904).
This is the repository for a reference grammar for biblical Greek based on the [parsing codes](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ugg/src/master/parsingscheme_updated.pdf) that show up in the [Bunning Heuristic Prototype](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ugg/src/master/BHP20170517.xlsx) of the UGNT.
Documentation for the Unlocked Grammar projects can be found here: http://ug-info.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
![Status](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ugg/src/master/images/UGGStatus.JPG) as of 03/16/2018
Volunteers are needed to:
* Create glossary and article entries for the grammar
* Proofread the grammar to ensure that it is properly formatted and tagged
according to digital standards to be determined (e.g., OSIS, TEI XML, etc.)
* Work with the Project Coordinator to create content using a comparison with available Greek grammars.
* Requirements for contributors to UGG:
* Agreement with our Statement of Faith: https://unfoldingword.org/faith/
* Agreement with Translation Guidelines: https://unfoldingword.org/guidelines/
* Agreement that your work will be released under a [CC BY-SA] (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). See
https://unfoldingword.org/license/
* Must have at least two years of NT Greek
* Preferences (though not required):
* Attendance at workshop for training (5 days/1 week) how to proofread and edit
UGG
* Access to biblical software highly recommended (preferably BibleWorks, Logos or Accordance)
* Access to several modern grammars as possible
## Roadmap
### First stage
* Start fresh and provide descriptions of grammatical concepts that show up in [Nestle 1904 text](https://github.com/biblicalhumanities/Nestle1904) morphological data
* Start fresh and provide descriptions of grammatical concepts that show up in [Bunning Heuristic Prototype](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ugg/src/master/BHP20170517.xlsx) morphological data
* Reference Grammar with examples as in teaching grammars
* 1-2 sentence that is pop-upable (with “view more”)
* ~1 page for each entry
#### Phase 1
* Create glossary entries for each grammatical concept specified
#### Phase 2
* Create article entries for each grammatical concept specified
### Second stage
* Tag the UGNT with specific grammatical information (possessive genitive)
* Tag the UGNT with specific grammatical information (e.g., possessive genitive)
### Third stage

BIN
content/BHP-Titus.xlsm Normal file

Binary file not shown.

BIN
content/BHP.docx Normal file

Binary file not shown.

View File

@ -1,6 +1,22 @@
# adjective Glossary
An adjective is a part of speech which describes a noun.
An adjective is a part of speech which describes a noun or pronoun.
* TIT 1:13
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="100%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td>ἡ μαρτυρία αὕτη ἐστὶν <b>ἀληθής</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>hē martyria hautē estin <b>alēthēs</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>The testimony this one it is <b>true</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>This statement is <b>true</b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
ἡ μαρτυρία αὕτη ἐστὶν **ἀληθής** (Tit 1:13)
This testimony is **true**

View File

@ -1 +1,390 @@
# adjective Article
An adjective describes, or modifies, a noun or a pronoun. An adjective may give more information about a noun, or it may define which noun the writer is talking about.
## Form
Greek adjectives must match the noun they modify in **case**, **number**, and **gender**. Because of this, they can take the form of all three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. (When listed in a lexicon, the adjective will be in its nominative, singular, masculine form.) Adjectives will show these forms by using the same endings as nouns. (The set of suffixes used by each adjective is determined by its stem, just as is true with nouns. The paradigm below shows one of the most common sets of adjective endings, but some adjectives will use other suffixes.)
If an adjective is functioning as a **substantive** (see below), its case will be determined by its function within the sentence, and its number and gender will be determined by the noun it represents.
### Paradigm
<table>
<tr>
<th>Form</th>
<th>Greek</th>
<th>Transliteration</th>
<th>Translation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nominative Singular Masculine</td>
<td>καλός</td>
<td>kalos</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genitive Singular Masculine</td>
<td>καλοῦ</td>
<td>kalou</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dative Singular Masculine</td>
<td>καλῷ</td>
<td>kalō</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Accusative Singular Masculine</td>
<td>καλόν</td>
<td>kalon</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vocative Singular Masculine</td>
<td>καλέ</td>
<td>kale</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nom./Voc. Plural Masculine</td>
<td>καλοί</td>
<td>kaloi</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genitive Plural Masculine</td>
<td>καλῶν</td>
<td>kalōn</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dative Plural Masculine</td>
<td>καλοῖς</td>
<td>kalois</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Accusative Plural Masculine</td>
<td>καλούς</td>
<td>kalous</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nominative Singular Feminine</td>
<td>καλή</td>
<td>kalē</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genitive Singular Feminine</td>
<td>καλῆς</td>
<td>kalēs</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dative Singular Feminine</td>
<td>καλῇ</td>
<td>kalē</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Accusative Singular Feminine</td>
<td>καλήν</td>
<td>kalēn</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vocative Singular Feminine</td>
<td>καλή</td>
<td>kalē</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nominative Plural Feminine</td>
<td>καλαί</td>
<td>kalai</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genitive Plural Feminine</td>
<td>καλῶν</td>
<td>kalōn</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dative Plural Feminine</td>
<td>καλαῖς</td>
<td>kalais</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Accusative Plural Feminine</td>
<td>καλάς</td>
<td>kalas</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nominative Singular Neuter</td>
<td>καλόν</td>
<td>kalon</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genitive Singular Neuter</td>
<td>καλοῦ</td>
<td>kalou</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dative Singular Neuter</td>
<td>καλῷ</td>
<td>kalō</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Accusative Singular Neuter</td>
<td>καλόν</td>
<td>kalon</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vocative Singular Neuter</td>
<td>καλόν</td>
<td>kalon</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nominative Plural Neuter</td>
<td>καλά </td>
<td>kala </td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Genitive Plural Neuter</td>
<td>καλῶν</td>
<td>kalōn</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dative Plural Neuter</td>
<td>καλοῖς</td>
<td>kalois</td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Accusative Plural Neuter</td>
<td>καλά </td>
<td>kala </td>
<td>beautiful</td>
</tr>
</table>
Note that the adjective's feminine form depends on its own stem, not on the noun it is modifying. (For example, an adjective that takes η (eta) feminine endings will do so even when modifying a noun that has α (alpha) endings, and vice versa.) As long as the adjective agrees with its noun in case, number, and gender, the specific form of its endings makes no difference to translation.
<table>
<tr>
<td>τῆς <b>δικαίας</b> τῆς ἀναστροφῆς</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tēs <b>dikaias</b> tēs anastrophēs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>righteous</b> the conduct-of</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>of the <b>righteous</b> conduct</td>
</tr>
</table>
If a noun declines using suffixes that do not match its true gender, the adjective, like the article, will take the form that represents the true gender of the noun.
<table>
<tr>
<td>τούς <b>ἀγαθούς</b> τούς προφήτας</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tous <b>agathous</b> tous prophētas</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>good</b> the prophet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>good</b> prophet</td>
</tr>
</table>
In this example, the word προφήτας appears feminine, but is actually masculine. The adjective takes a masculine form to match the true gender of the noun.
## Function
### Attributive and Restrictive
If the adjective is giving more information about its noun, it is functioning as an **attributive** adjective. If it is identifying which noun the writer is speaking about, it is functioning as a **restrictive** adjective. An adjective functioning as attributive or restrictive may come before or after the noun it modifies. It will usually have an article.
<table>
<tr>
<td><b>πιστός</b> ὁ οἰκονόμος</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ho <b>pistos</b> ho oikonomos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>faithful</b> the steward</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>faithful</b> steward</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td>ὁ οἰκονόμος ὁ <b>πιστός</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ho oikonomos ho <b>pistos</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the steward the <b>faithful</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>faithful</b> steward</td>
</tr>
</table>
### Predicative
If an adjective does not have an article, but the modified noun does have an article, the adjective is probably functioning as a **predicate**, which completes a statement about the noun by following a being or sensing verb, or a verb that explains the noun's appearance. In this type of construct, the Greek sometimes leaves out the verb. The verb is understood, but not stated. Some languages need a verb in every sentence, so the understood verb may be added to the translation in order to make the sentence grammatically correct in the new language.
<table>
<tr>
<td><b>πιστός</b> ὁ οἰκονόμος</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>pistos</b> ho oikonomos</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>faithful</b> the steward </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>The steward <b>is faithful</b>.</td>
</tr>
</table>
### Substantive
Sometimes, an adjective is used without any noun that it could be modifying, so the adjective functions as a noun by itself. In this case, the reader understands that the writer is referring to some unnamed person or object, but the adjective is the only identifying term given to the person or object. An adjective functioning in this way is called a **substantive** (because the substance of a noun is implied by the adjective). A substantive adjective will usually have an article.
<table>
<tr>
<td><b>πιστός</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ho <b>pistos</b> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>faithful</b> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>faithful man/person</b></td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td><b>πιστή</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>pistē</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>faithful</b> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>faithful woman/person</b></td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td>οἱ <b>πιστοι</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hoi <b>pistoi</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>faithful</b> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>faithful people/ones</b></td>
</tr>
</table>
### Comparative
When an adjective is used to compare its noun to another noun, it is functioning as a **comparative** adjective. Comparatives are formed by adding -τερος (masc.), -τερα (fem.), or -τερον (neut.) to the end of the adjective. (Some irregular adjectives take the suffixes -(ι)ων or -ον instead.)
<table>
<tr>
<td>τό <b>ἐλαχιστότερον</b> τό θηρίον</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>to <b>elachistoteron</b> to thērion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>smaller</b> the animal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>smaller</b> animal</td>
</tr>
</table>
### Superlative and Elative
An adjective that compares a noun to two or more other nouns is a **superlative** adjective. The suffixes that show the superlative form are -τατος (m.), -τατη (f.), and -τατον (n.) or -ιστος (m.), -ιστη (f.), and -ιστον (n.). (In some instances, ancient Greeks would use the superlative form of an adjective to compare two things, rather than to express a true superlative quality. Adjectives used in this way are called **elative**, and function as comparative adjectives.)
<table>
<tr>
<td>τό <b>ἐλάχιστον</b> τό τέκνον</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>to <b>elachiston</b> to teknon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>smallest</b> the child</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>the <b>smallest</b> child</td>
</tr>
</table>

View File

@ -2,7 +2,21 @@
An **adverb** is a part of speech which modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. It often answers the question of _how_ something is done (and may refer to the time, intensity, or manner).
Ἐχάρην δὲ ἐν κυρίῳ **μεγάλως** (Php 4:10)
* PHP 4:10
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="100%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td>Ἐχάρην δὲ ἐν κυρίῳ <b>μεγάλως</b> </td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>Echarēn de en kyriō <b>megalōs</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>I rejoice but in (the) Lord <b>greatly</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>I <b>greatly</b> rejoice in the Lord</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
And I rejoice in the Lord **greatly**

View File

@ -2,7 +2,21 @@
**Accusative** is the nominal case used to indicate the object of a verb and of some prepositions.
ἑτοιμάσατε **τὴν ὁδὸν** κυρίου (Mrk 1:3)
* MRK 1:3
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="100%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td>ἑτοιμάσατε <b>τὴν ὁδὸν</b> κυρίου</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>hetoimasate <b>tēn hodon</b> kyriou</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>prepare <b>the way</b> of the Lord</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>make ready <b>the way</b> of the Lord</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
prepare **the way** of the Lord

View File

@ -1,7 +1,21 @@
# case_dative Glossary
**Dative** is a nominal case which has a very wide range of uses. It can indicate the *recipient*, *reference*, *location* or *instrument* of a verbal action, as well as the *manner* in which, or *interest* of which, something occurs.
οἱ δὲ ἐπέδωκαν **αὐτῷ** ἰχθύος ὀπτοῦ μέρος (Luk 24:42)
* LUK 24:42
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="100%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td>οἱ δὲ ἐπέδωκαν <b>αὐτῷ</b> ἰχθύος ὀπτοῦ μέρος</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>hoi de epedōkan <b>autō</b> ichthyos optou meros</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>and they gave <b>to him</b> of a fish broiled part </td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>they gave <b>him</b> a piece of a broiled fish</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
and they gave **him** a piece of broiled fish

View File

@ -2,7 +2,20 @@
**Genitive** is a nominal case which has many uses. It expresses a relationship with the substantive it modifies by indicating a *description*, *kinship*, *possession*, *apposition*, the *subject* or *object* of a verbal idea inherent in the noun, a *part of a whole*, or *separation from*.
πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ **φωτός** ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ **ἡμέρας** (1Th 5:5)
for you are all sons **of light** and sons **of the day**
* ITH 5:5
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="100%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td>πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ <b>φωτός</b> ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ <b>ἡμέρας</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>pantes gar hymeis huioi <b>phōtos</b> este kai huioi <b>hēmeras</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>all for you sons <b>of light</b> you are and sons <b>of the day</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>For you are all sons <b>of the light</b> and sons <b>of the day</b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

View File

@ -1,6 +1,19 @@
# case_nominative Glossary
**Nominative** is a nominal case used to indicate the *subject* of a finite verb, or to *equate or describe the subject* when used with a linking verb. The **nominative** is normally the form listed as the headword in a dictionary entry (as the lemma).
**θεὸς** ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς (1Jo 4:11)
**God** loved us
* IJO 4:11
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="100%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><b>θεὸς</b> ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>ho <b>theos</b> ēgapēsen hēmas</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>the <b>God</b> loved us</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><b>God</b> loved us</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

View File

@ -2,7 +2,20 @@
**Vocative** is the nominal case used when addressing (speaking directly to) someone.
**κύριε**, ἐὰν θέλῃς δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι (Mat 8:2)
**Lord**, if you are willing, you can make me clean
* MAT 8:2
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="100%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td><b>κύριε</b>, ἐὰν θέλῃς δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><b>kyrie</b>, ean thelēs dynasai me katharisai </td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><b>Lord,</b> if willing you are me you can make clean</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><b>Lord</b>, if you are willing, you can make me clean</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

View File

@ -4,6 +4,19 @@ Adjectives can have three degrees, called *positive* (e.g., *good*), **comparati
**Better** is in the **comparative degree** since it is making a comparison between two things.
ὁ παλαιὸς **χρηστός** ἐστιν (Luk 5:39)
the old is **better**
* LUK 5:39
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="100%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td>ὁ παλαιὸς <b>χρηστός</b> ἐστιν</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>ho palaios <b>chrēstos</b> estin</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td> the old <b>better</b> it is</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>the old is <b>better</b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

View File

@ -2,3 +2,19 @@
There are two **conditional** particles, **εἰ** and **ἐάν**, usually translated *if*, which introduce a condition which must be met for a consequence or conclusion to follow.
* MRK 1:40
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="100%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td> <b>ἐάν</b> θέλῃς, δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><b>ean</b> thelēs, dynasai me katharisai</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><b>if</b> you are willing, you are able me to make clean</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><b>if</b> you are willing, you can make me clean.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

View File

@ -1,2 +1,19 @@
# conjunction Glossary
A **conjunction** is a word which indicates a connection between words, phrases, clauses or paragraphs, such as *and*, *but*, or *however*.
* ROM 15:25
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="100%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td>νυνὶ <b>δὲ</b> πορεύομαι εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>nyni <b>de</b> poreuomai eis Ierousalēm</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>now <b>but</b> I am going into Jerusalem</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><b>but</b> now I am going to Jerusalem</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

View File

@ -1,4 +1,20 @@
# crasis Glossary
**Crasis** is when two words are contracted into one word (e.g. where the two words, καὶ [*and*] and ἐγώ [*I*] are combined into κἀγώ [*and I*])
**Crasis** is when two words are contracted into one word (e.g. where the two words, **καὶ** [*and*] and **ἐγώ** [*I*] are combined into **κἀγώ** [*and I*])
* ICO 10:33
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="100%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td>καθὼς <b>κἀγὼ</b> πάντα πᾶσιν ἀρέσκω</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>kathōs <b>kagō</b> panta pasin areskō</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>as <b>I also</b> all in all things I please</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><b>I</b> try to please all people in all things</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

View File

@ -1 +1 @@
# determiner Glossary
Determiners are words that identify or point to the object of a noun by *pointing to*, *talking about*, *referring to*, or *quantifying* the noun.

View File

@ -1 +1,2 @@
# determiner_article Glossary
# determiner_article
Determiners are words that identify or quantify a noun. The definite article quantifies the noun by making it distinct from others of its kind. [e.g. *the* book as opposed to any book]. The absence of the definite article stresses the basic quality or character of the object as opposed to any particular object.

View File

@ -1 +1,135 @@
# determiner_article Article
# determiner_article Article
###Beginner's
The article must always agree in case, number and gender with the noun it modifies.
The **article** can have the following functions:
1. It can indicate that the noun is *definite* or *specific*.
Ὡς δὲ ἔμελλον **αἱ** ἑπτὰ ἡμέραι συντελεῖσθαι, (Act 21:27)
Now when **the** seven days were almost over
1. It can indicate a *category*, rather than a specific person or item.
ἄξιος γὰρ **ὁ ἐργάτης** τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ (Luk 10:7)
for **the laborer** is worthy of his wages (This is a general principle applying to *all* laborers [the entire category].)
1. An adjective can have an article to show that it functions nominally (i.e., as a noun)
σὺν **τοῖς ἁγίοις** πᾶσιν (2Co 1:1)
with all **the saints** (lit., "the holy)
1. A participle can have an article to show that it functions nominally (i.e., as a noun).
ἔρχεται **ὁ** ἰσχυρότερός μου ὀπίσω μου, (Mrk 1:7)
**one who is stronger** than me is coming after me,
1. The article can be used alone like a personal pronoun.
**οἱ** δὲ ἐξ ἐριθείας °τὸν Χριστὸν καταγγέλλουσιν (Php 1:17)
But **they** from envy preach Christ.
1. The article can be used like a possessive pronoun.
τί γὰρ οἶδας, γύναι, εἰ **τὸν** ἄνδρα σώσεις; (1Co 7:16)
For how do you know, woman, if you will save **your** husband?
1. The article can be used like a relative pronoun.
οὕτως γὰρ ἐδίωξαν τοὺς προφήτας **τοὺς** πρὸ ὑμῶν (Mat 5:12)
For thus they persecuted the prophets **who** were before you
1. *Personal names* often have the article (which often will not be translated).
Τότε παραγίνεται **ὁ Ἰησοῦς** ἀπὸ **τῆς Γαλιλαίας** ἐπὶ **τὸν Ἰορδάνην** πρὸς **τὸν Ἰωάννην** (Mat 3:13)
Then **Jesus** came from **Galilee** to **the Jordan** to **John**
1. The article can be used with infinitives and indicate temporality.
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν **τῷ** σπείρειν ὃ μὲν ἔπεσεν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν (Mar 4:4)
and it happened **when he sowed** (lit. in **the** to sow), some fell by the roadside
1. The article can be used with infinitives to indicate the subject of the action which is given in the accusative. (It is sometimes called an *accusative of general reference*).
ἐπεθύμησα τοῦτο τὸ πάσχα φαγεῖν μεθʼ ὑμῶν πρὸ **τοῦ** με παθεῖν· (Luk 22:15)
I desired to eat this Passover with you before **I suffer** (lit. before **the** me to suffer). (The idea is that the suffering has reference to "me", i.e. Christ).
1. If two substantives are joined by the verb εἰμί (*to be*), the one with the article is the subject and the one without the article is the predicate.
καὶ θεὸς ἦν **ὁ λόγος** (Jhn 1:1)
and **the Word** was God
###Intermediate
1. The article can be used to refer back to something previously referenced. This is called *anaphoric* (meaning "refers to again").
πόθεν οὖν ἔχεις **τὸ** ὕδωρ **τὸ** ζῶν; (Jhn 4:11)
Where, then, do you get **that** living water? (referring back to ὕδωρ ζῶν in 4:10)
1. The article can be used like a demonstrative pronoun. This is called *deictic* (meaning "pointing").
ἰδοὺ **ὁ** ἄνθρωπος. (Jhn 19:5)
"Behold, **the** man! (meaning "this man", standing here)
1. The article can be used to indicate that a substantive is the very best (or worst) of its kind, or *"in a class by itself"*. This is called *par excellence*.
**ὁ** προφήτης εἶ σύ; (Jhn 1:21)
Are you **the** Prophet? (referring to the prophet which Moses said would come after him [Deu 18:15, 18])
1. The article can be used to indicate that a substantive is *unique*. This is called *monadic* (meaning "one of a kind"). (This is very similar to the previous usage and thus there is debate over which usages are *par excellence* and which are *monadic*.)
καὶ ἀκριβέστερον αὐτῷ ἐξέθεντο **τὴν** ὁδὸν τοῦ θεοῦ (Act 18:26)
and more clearly explained to him **the** way of God
###Advanced
1. In the construction ὁ δέ or ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ, the article indicates a change of subject and is used as a third person personal pronoun in the nominative (e.g., *he*, *she*, *they*).
**ὁ δὲ** ἔφη αὐτοῖς Ἐχθρὸς ἄνθρωπος τοῦτο ἐποίησεν. **οἱ δὲ** αὐτῷ λέγουσιν ... **ὁ δέ** φησιν· (Matt. 13:28-29)
**and he** said to them, "An enemy has done this." **And they** said to him ... **and he** said
1. Similarly, in the construction ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ when the article is nominative, a contrast is indicated between groups.
ἐσχίσθη δὲ τὸ πλῆθος τῆς πόλεως, καὶ **οἱ μὲν** ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις **οἱ δὲ** σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις. (Act 14:4)
and the crowd of the city was divided, and **some** were with the Jews **but others** were with the apostles
1. When two singular nouns are joined by καὶ (*and*):
a. If both have the article, the reference is to two separate people.
ὅπου καὶ **τὸ** θηρίον καὶ **ὁ** ψευδοπροφήτης (Rev 20:10)
where also [are] **the** beast and **the** false prophet.
b. If only the first of two singular nouns has the article, they are referring to the same person. (This is called the *Granville Sharp rule*.)
Τύχικος **ὁ** ἀγαπητὸς ἀδελφὸς καὶ πιστὸς διάκονος ἐν κυρίῳ (Eph 6:21)
Tychichus, **the** beloved brother and faithful servant in the Lord
c. Some passages where the Granville Sharp rule applies are theologically important and often debated.
καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης **τοῦ** μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, (Tit 2:13)
and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ
1. The article is absent in NT Greek in many places where it is required in other languages, especially in prepositional phrases.***

View File

@ -1 +1,2 @@
# determiner_demonstrative Glossary
# determiner_demonstrative Glossary
Determiners are words that identify or quantify a noun. Demonstrative Determiners point to a specific object by identifying it as “*this one*”, “*that one*”, or “*one of this kind*”.

View File

@ -1 +1,2 @@
# determiner_differential Glossary
# determiner_differential Glossary
Determiners are words that identify or quantify a noun. Differential determiners identify a noun by distinguishing (or differentiating) between nouns by indicating “*another of the same kind*”, “*another of a different kind*”, “*alone*”, “*pertaining to oneself*” , or “*belonging to another*” .

View File

@ -1 +1,2 @@
# determiner_interrogative Glossary
# determiner_interrogative Glossary
Determiners are words that identify or quantify a noun. Interrogative determiners ask a question to identify or quantify the object. (example: “*How large?*”, “*of what kind?*” , “*How many?*” )

View File

@ -1 +1,2 @@
# determiner_number Glossary
# determiner_number Glossary
Determiners are words that identify or quantify a noun. Number determiners are cardinal numbers which quantify or say how many there are of something. (for example “*five*” books)

View File

@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
# determiner_ordinal Glossary
Determiners are words that identify or quantify a noun. Ordinal determiners identify a noun by giving the position of an item in a list. (for example “first”, “second”, “third”…)
* Matthew 20:3
@ -17,3 +18,4 @@ Determiners are words that identify or quantify a noun. Ordinal determiners ide
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

View File

@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
# determiner_possessive Glossary
Determiners are words that identify or quantify a noun.
Possessive determiners identify an object by indicating a possessive relationship between the object and another entity. (example: “my book”, “their book”)
@ -10,9 +11,9 @@ John 10:27
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td>τὰ πρόβατα τὰ <b>ἐμὰ</b> τῆς φωνῆς <b>μου</b> ἀκούουσιν</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>ta probate ta <b>ema</b> tēs phōnēs <b>mou</b> akouousin</td>
<tr class="row-even"><td>ta probate ta <b>ema</b> tēs phōnēs <b>mou</b> akouousin</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td> - sheep -<b>my</b> -voice <b>my</b> they hear</td>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>sheep<b>my </b>voice <b>my</b> they hear</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td> <b>My</b> sheep hear <b>my</b> voice</td>
</tr>

View File

@ -12,10 +12,9 @@ Quantifier determiners are words that express a general quantity of the object o
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>kai legei auto <b>Pas</b> anthrōpos prōton ton kalon oinon tithēsin</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>and he says to him <b>every</b> man first the good wine he serves</td>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>and he says to him <b>every</b> man first the good wine he serves</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>and said to him,"<b>Every</b> man serves the good wine first."</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

View File

@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
# determiner_relative Glossary
Determiners are words that identify or quantify a noun. Relative determiners **express a relationship** or **quantify the noun** by comparing the noun with another object. (example: “of what sort”, “as great as” , “as far as”, “who”, “which”
@ -11,4 +12,5 @@ it was now sabboth in **which** day the clay he made the Jesus and he op
Now it was the Sabbath day **when** Jesus made the mud and opened his eyes.
**ῇ** is a relative personal pronoun that is a determiner. It determines or identifies the day in which Jesus opened the blind man's eyes. It was the sabboth day.
**ῇ** is a relative personal pronoun that is a determiner. It determines or identifies the day in which Jesus opened the blind man's eyes. It was the Sabbath day.

View File

@ -2,3 +2,19 @@
Substantives will have one of three *grammatical* **genders**: *masculine*, *feminine*, or *neuter*.
* ITH 5:23
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="100%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-odd"><td>ὑμῶν <b>τὸ πνεῦμα</b> καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ <b>τὸ σῶμα</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>hymōn <b>to pneuma</b> kai hē psychē kai <b>to sōma</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>your <b>spirit</b> and soul and <b>body</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>your <b>spirit</b>, soul, and <b>body</b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

View File

@ -1 +1,2 @@
# noun_predicate_adj Glossary
# noun_predicate_adj Glossary
A predicate adjective describes the subject of the sentence. It can exist with or without a linking verb. A predicate adjective is never immediately preceded by an article.

View File

@ -1 +1,2 @@
# noun_substantive_adj Glossary
# noun_substantive_adj Glossary
A substantive adjective is an adjective that functions as a noun. If an article is used, it will immediately precede the adjective.

View File

@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
**Rules for Accents**
1) The **acute** accent (´) can be used on any of the last three syllables of a word.
2) The **circumflex** accent () can be used only on one of the last two syllables of a word, and will always occur on a long vowel.
3) The **grave** accent () only occurs on the final syllable of a word. It occurs where an acute accent on the final syllable (ultima) is not followed by a punctuation mark.
4) Accents on nouns attempt to stay on the same syllable; Accents on verbs attempt to move as close to the beginning of the word as possible.
<table>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>Antepenult</th>
<th>Penult</th>
<th>Ultima</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>acute</td>
<td>´</td>
<td>´</td>
<td>´</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>circumflex</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>grave</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>

View File

@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
# particle Glossary
**Particles** are small words which do not fit into any other category of parts of speech and do not decline. They are often used for negation (*not*) or emphasis (*amen* or to indicate a transition in topic (sometimes not translated).
**Particles** are small words which do not fit into any other category of parts of speech and do not decline. They typically lacking conceptual content but rather express an emotion or way of thinking. They are often used for negation (*not*) or emphasis (*amen* or to indicate a transition in topic (sometimes not translated).

View File

@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ It is in the ***third person*** if it refers to if it refers anyone or anything
| First person | Second person | Third person |
| ------------------------ | ------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| λέγω | λέγεις | λέγει |
| legō | legeis | legei |
| I say or I am saying | You say or You are saying | He/she/it says or he/she/it is saying |
@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ It is in the ***third person*** if it refers to if it refers anyone or anything
Truly, I am saying to you
Truly I say to you
**λέγω** is first person.** ὑμῖν** is second person.
**λέγω** is first person. **ὑμῖν** is second person.

7958
content/wht.txt Normal file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

BIN
images/Capture.PNG Normal file

Binary file not shown.

After

Width:  |  Height:  |  Size: 21 KiB

BIN
images/UGGStatus.JPG Normal file

Binary file not shown.

After

Width:  |  Height:  |  Size: 49 KiB

43
manifest.yaml Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
---
dublin_core:
conformsto: 'rc0.2'
contributor:
- 'Todd L. Price'
- 'Todd L. Price'
creator: 'Door43 World Missions Community'
description: 'An open-licensed Greek grammar (reference first, eventually for teaching), providing information about Greek grammatical elements. It enables the global Church to gain the best possible understanding of the grammar of the original texts of the New Testament.'
format: 'text/markdown'
identifier: 'ugg'
issued: '2018-01-26'
language:
identifier: 'en'
title: 'English'
direction: 'ltr'
modified: '2018-01-26'
publisher: 'unfoldingWord'
relation:
- 'en/ugnt'
rights: 'CC BY-SA 4.0'
source:
-
identifier: 'ugg'
language: 'en'
version: '0'
subject: 'Greek Grammar'
title: 'Unlocked Greek Grammar'
type: 'man'
version: '0'
checking:
checking_entity: []
checking_level: '1'
projects:
-
categories: []
identifier: 'content'
path: './content'
sort: 0
title: 'Unlocked Greek Grammar'
versification: