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Update 'content/case_dative.rst'
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Case dative
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===========
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Glossary [**Draft - In Process**]
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Glossary
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--------
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**Dative** is a case which has a wide range of uses. It can indicate the *recipient*
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@ -22,20 +22,20 @@ something occurs. Some verbs take their object in the dative case.
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*They gave* **him** *a piece of a broiled fish*
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Article [**Draft - In process**]
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Article
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-------
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The Dative case serves three primary functions. It may also indicate the direct object for some verbs
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1. **Indirect object** or **personal interest** - It serves as the case of personal interest by indicating the indirect object
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of the verb. It points to whom something was done or for whom something was done. It can also be used to indicate someone or something that is being
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referred to by the verb, including possession.
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referred to by the verb, including possession. [See `Dative_Indirect Object<https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/case_dative.html#dative-indirect-object-personal-interest>`_
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2. **location** - It may indicate the location (in place, sphere, or time) of an event.
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3. **Instrumental** - It may indicate the means, cause, manner, agent of an action.
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4. **Direct object**- Some verbs take their direct object in the dative case.
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2. **location** - It may indicate the location (in place, sphere, or time) of an event. [See `Dative_location<https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/case_dative.html#dative-locative-location>`_
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3. **Instrumental** - It may indicate the means, cause, manner, agent of an action. [See `Dative_Instrumental<https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/case_dative.html#dative-instrumental>`_
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4. **Direct object**- Some verbs take their direct object in the dative case. [See `Dative_Direct_Object<https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/case_dative.html#dative-direct-object>`_
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*Note* An indirect object is the person(s) or thing(s) toward which the verbal action of a verb or verb form is directed
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*Note:* An indirect object is the person(s) or thing(s) toward which the verbal action of a verb or verb form is directed.
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Form
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~~~~
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@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ The Dative case is formed by adding the Dative case ending to the stem of a word
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<td class="tg-3xi5" colspan="6"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tg-f8tv">Genitive</td>
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<td class="tg-f8tv">Dative</td>
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<td class="tg-3xi5"><span style="font-weight:bold">ι</span></td>
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<td class="tg-3xi5"><span style="font-weight:bold"> ι</span></td>
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<td class="tg-mqn7">ι</td>
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<td class="tg-3xi5"><span style="font-weight:bold"> ι</span></td>
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<td class="tg-fymr"></td>
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<td class="tg-7btt">ι</td>
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<td class="tg-7btt">ι</td>
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@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ The Dative case is formed by adding the Dative case ending to the stem of a word
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<td class="tg-0pky"></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="tg-0pky"><span style="font-style:italic">Genitive</span></td>
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<td class="tg-0pky"><span style="font-style:italic">Dative</span></td>
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<td class="tg-7g6k">ις</td>
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<td class="tg-7g6k">ις</td>
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<td class="tg-7g6k">ις</td>
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@ -111,14 +111,18 @@ The Dative case is formed by adding the Dative case ending to the stem of a word
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[Note]
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* The iota (ι) in the first and second singular declension will often subscript because it is a short vowel.
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* The Nu (ν) in the third declension plural is a movable Nu and may or may not be present.
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* The Nu (ν) in the third declension plural is a movable Nu and may or may not be present. The movabble Nu may be present
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when it appears at the end of a sentence or when the following word begins with a vowel. However, sometimes it appears
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when the following word begins with a consonant. There is no fixed rule that determines when a moveable Nu will be present.
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The reader/translator must be aware that it may or may not be present. [ For example there are early Greek manuscripts that
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include or exclude the moveable Nu for Acts 20:34 "καὶ τοῖς **οὖσι** μετ' ἐμοῦ or καὶ τοῖς **οὖσιν** μετ' ἐμοῦ."
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Dative – Indirect object /personal interest
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The *Dative- Indirect object* will only occur with a transitive verb. The noun or pronoun in the dative case receives the object
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of the verb. However, if the verb is passive, the word in the dative case will receive the subject of the verb). This is the most
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of the verb. However, if the verb is passive, the word in the dative case will receive the subject of the verb. This is the most
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common use of the dative case when a preposition is not used. Often, the translator will use the key words *“to”* or *“for”* in the
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translation. As an indirect object, the dative case is used to point out the person (or personification of something) *“to whom”*
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or *“for which”* something is done.
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@ -141,7 +145,8 @@ or *“for which”* something is done.
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a thorn in the flesh was given to me
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Note: in this example the verb ( ἐδόθη) is in the passive voice. Therefore, the word in the dative case receives the subject of
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the clause (σκόλοψ) which is in the nominative case. "τῃ σαρκί" is an example of *Dative-Locative* which is described below.
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the clause (σκόλοψ) which is in the nominative case. "τῃ σαρκί" is an example
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of `Dative_Locative<https://ugg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/case_dative.html#dative-locative-location>`_ which is described below.
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Indirect Object of Advantage (or Disadvantage)
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@ -213,8 +218,8 @@ Dative of Possession
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*But they had no child*
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Note: In this instance, our smooth translation drops the indirect object of possession.
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It is awkward to say “And there was not to them a child.” The sentence is entirely rephrased to result in a smooth translation.
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**Note:** In this instance, our smooth translation drops the indirect object of possession.
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It is awkward to say “And there was not to them a child.” The sentence is entirely rephrased to result in a smooth translation.
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@ -222,11 +227,11 @@ Dative -Locative (location)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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* Locative of place - The dative case may be used to indicate the location (or place) of an object in the physical world.
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* Locative of Sphere - When this place is more metaphorical or logical, it is referred to as the Locative of Sphere
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* Locative of Sphere - When the place is more metaphorical or logical, it is referred to as the Locative of Sphere
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* Locative of Time - The dative case may also be used to indicate the location of an object in time.
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example for Locative of place (Note: the place is a physical location)
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Example for Locative of place (Note: the place is a physical location - "in a boat")
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.. csv-table:: Example: John 21:8
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@ -263,8 +268,8 @@ Note: In this instance “**on the third day**” is translated “Three days
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Dative – Instrumental
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The *Dative-Instrumental* may be used to indicate the Means, Cause, Manner, or Agent by which an event occurs. The *Dative-Instrumental* may
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also be used to indicate an association with the main subject of the action. Making distinctions between Means, Cause, Manner, Agent,
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The *Dative-Instrumental* may be used to indicate the **Means, Cause, Manner, or Agent** by which an event occurs. The *Dative-Instrumental*
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may also be used to indicate an association with the main subject of the action. Making distinctions between Means, Cause, Manner, Agent,
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or Association can be very difficult and often the choice between one category and another is a matter of personal interpretation.
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Instrumental of Means
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@ -337,7 +342,7 @@ out the action of the verb.
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πολλοὶ,τελῶναι,καὶ,ἁμαρτωλοὶ,συνανέκειντο,**τῷ**,**Ἰησοῦ**,καὶ,**τοῖς**,**μαθηταῖς**,αὐτοῦ
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polloi,telōnai,kai,hamartōloi,synanekeinto,**tō**,**Iēsou**,kai,**tois**,**mathētais**,autou
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many,tax collectors,and,sinners,they were reclining at table,**with**,**Jesus**,and,**with disciples**,of him
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many,tax collectors,and,sinners,they were reclining at table,**with**,**Jesus**,and,**with**,**disciples**,of him
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*many tax collectors and sinners were dining* **with Jesus** and **his disciples**
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@ -351,18 +356,22 @@ The following is a list of 48 verbs that may take their object in the dative cas
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.. csv-table:: Verbs that use Dative case for Direct Object
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ἀκολοθέω (to follow), ἀνθομολογέομαι (to praise), ἀνίστημι (to resist),ἀντιπίπτω (to resist)
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ἀντιτάσσω (to resist), ἀπιστέω (to disbelieve),ἀρέσκω (to please), βοηθέω (to help)
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διακατελέγχομαι (to refute),διακονέω (to serve), διαμαρτύρομαι (to warn), διαστέλλω (to order)
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διατάσσω (to instruct), διδάσκω (to teach), δουλεύω (to serve),ἐγκαλέω (to accuse)
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ἐμβριμάομαι (to rebuke), ἐξακολουθέω (to follow),ἐξομολογέω (to praise), ἐπιπλἠσσω (to rebuke)
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ἐπιτάσσω (to command), ἐπιτιμάω (to warn), ἐπισκιάζω (to cover), εὐχαριστέω (to thank)
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κοινωνέω (to share), λατρεύω (to serve), μετριοπαθέω (to deal gently), ὁμολογέω (to profess)
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ὀργιζω (to be angry at),παραγγέλλω (to command), παρακολολουθέω (to follow), παρενοχλέω (to trouble)
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πείθω (to obey),πιστεύω (to believe),προσκυνέω (to worship),προστάσσω (to command)
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προσψαύω (to touch), συλλαμβάννω (to help), συμβουλεύω (to advise),συνακολουθέω (to follow)
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συνεργέω (to assist), συνευδοκέω (to approve), ὑπακούω (to obey), ὑπηρετέω (to serve)
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χαρίζομαι (to forgive),χράομαι (to make use of), ψάλλω (to sing praise to).
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ἀκολοθέω (to follow), ἀνθομολογέομαι (to praise), ἀνίστημι (to resist)
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ἀντιπίπτω (to resist), ἀντιτάσσω (to resist), ἀπιστέω (to disbelieve)
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ἀρέσκω (to please), βοηθέω (to help), διακατελέγχομαι (to refute)
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διακονέω (to serve), διαμαρτύρομαι (to warn), διαστέλλω (to order)
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διατάσσω (to instruct), διδάσκω (to teach), δουλεύω (to serve)
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ἐγκαλέω (to accuse), ἐμβριμάομαι (to rebuke), ἐξακολουθέω (to follow)
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ἐξομολογέω (to praise), ἐπιπλἠσσω (to rebuke),ἐπιτάσσω (to command)
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ἐπιτιμάω (to warn), ἐπισκιάζω (to cover), εὐχαριστέω (to thank)
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κοινωνέω (to share), λατρεύω (to serve), μετριοπαθέω (to deal gently)
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ὁμολογέω (to profess), ὀργιζω (to be angry at),παραγγέλλω (to command)
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παρακολολουθέω (to follow), παρενοχλέω (to trouble),πείθω (to obey)
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πιστεύω (to believe),προσκυνέω (to worship),προστάσσω (to command)
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προσψαύω (to touch), συλλαμβάννω (to help), συμβουλεύω (to advise)
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συνακολουθέω (to follow),συνεργέω (to assist), συνευδοκέω (to approve)
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ὑπακούω (to obey), ὑπηρετέω (to serve),χαρίζομαι (to forgive)
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χράομαι (to make use of), ψάλλω (to sing praise to)
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.. csv-table:: Example: Luke 16:28
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