From 6fbd6947e4de47dd282ebc7aa833105125e01594 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jbnathan3 <jbnathan3@noreply.door43.org>
Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2019 18:59:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Update 'content/case_vocative.rst'

---
 content/case_vocative.rst | 91 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 84 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/content/case_vocative.rst b/content/case_vocative.rst
index b828f91..cdcfade 100644
--- a/content/case_vocative.rst
+++ b/content/case_vocative.rst
@@ -8,15 +8,92 @@ Case vocative
 Glossary
 --------
 
-**Vocative** is the nominal case used when addressing (speaking directly
-to) someone.
+**Vocative** is the case used when addressing (speaking directly to) someone.
 
 .. csv-table:: Example: MAT 8:2
 
-  "κύριε, ἐὰν θέλῃς δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι"
-  "kyrie, ean thelēs dynasai me katharisai"
-  "Lord, if willing you are me you can make clean"
-  "Lord, if you are willing, you can make me clean"
+  **κύριε**,ἐὰν,θέλῃς,δύνασαί,με,καθαρίσαι
+  **kyrie**,ean,thelēs,dynasai,me,katharisai
+  **Lord**,if,willing,you are able,me,to make clean
+  
+**Lord**, *if you are willing, you can make me clean*
 
-Article
+
+Article   **In process - Draft**
 -------
+
+The vocative case is the case of direct address.   
+  *	However, a noun in the vocative case preceded by the particle **ὥ** is is used to add emphasis or to express emotion.
+  * Caution: Do not confuse ὥ (the particle) with ῷ -the dative case relative personal pronoun,  or with ὦ - the first person 
+    subjunctive form of εἰμί. 
+
+Only 2.1% of the 28,599 nouns in the New Testament are in the vocative case.
+
+
+Form
+~~~~
+
+  #.  Often it is easy to identify nouns in the vocative case by the context.
+  #.  The vocative case is identical to the nominative case in the plural.
+  #.  The vocative case is identical to the nominative case in the first declension (singular and plural)
+  #.  The vocative case of the singular second declension usually ends in an epsilon.
+  #.  The vocative case of the singular third declension is usually the bare stem of the word.   However, the stem vowel may shorten,
+      lengthen, or drop out entirely.  This is known as *ablout*.
+  
+
+
+Vocative – Direct Address
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The **vocative of direct address**  is the most frequent use of the vocative case.  
+
+.. csv-table::
+
+  Matthew 7:21
+  οὐ,πᾶς,ὁ,λέγων,μοι,**Κύριε,Κύριε**,εἰσελεύσεται,εἰς,τὴν,Βασιλείαν,τῶν,Οὐρανῶν
+  ou,pas,ho,legōn,moi,**Kyrie,Kyrie**,eiseleusetai,eis,tēn,Basileian,tōn,Ouranōn
+  not,everyone,who says,to me,**Lord,Lord**,he will enter,into,the,kingdom,of,heaven
+  
+  *Not everyone who says to me,* **‘Lord, Lord’**,*will enter into the kingdom of heaven*
+
+.. csv-table::
+
+  Matthew 8:2
+  **Κύριε**,ἐὰν,θέλῃς,δύνασαί,με,καθαρίσαι.
+  **Kyrie**,ean,thelēs,dynasai,me,katharisai.
+  **Lord**,if,you are willing,you are able,me,to (make) clean
+  
+**“Lord"**, *if you are willing, you can make me clean.*
+
+Vocative – Emphasis/Emotion
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The Vocative case can also be used **to express emotion or emphasis**.  The particle ὥ is used when the vocative case is used 
+to add additional emphasis or emotion to the basic function of direct address.  ὥ followed by a word in the vocative case only 
+occurs 14 times in the New Testament.
+
+Example of **ὥ + vocative** to add an *emotional emphasis.*
+
+.. csv-table::
+
+  Mark 9:19
+  αὐτοῖς,λέγει,**ὦ,γενεὰ**,ἄπιστος!,ἕως,πότε,πρὸς,ὑμᾶς,ἔσομαι?
+  autois,legei,**ō,genea**,apistos!,heōs,pote,pros,hymas,esomai?
+  to them,he says,**Oh,generation**,unbelieving,until,when,with,you,will I be?
+  
+*and he said to them*, “You unbelieving* **generation!**, *how long will I be with you?* 
+Note:  The emotional emphasis can be difficult to reflect in a translation.  The exclaimation mark is used in this example to 
+reflect the emotion. 
+
+
+
+Example of **ὥ + vocative** *to add emphasis.*
+
+.. csv-table::
+
+  I Timothy 6:11
+  σὺ,δέ,**ὦ,ἄνθρωπε**,Θεοῦ,ταῦτα,φεῦγε,δίωκε,δὲ,δικαιοσύνην...
+  sy,de,**ō,anthrōpe**,Theou,tauta,pheuge,diōke,de,dikaiosynēn...
+  you,but,**o,man**,of God,these things,you flee,you pursue,but (instead),righteousness
+
+*But you*, **man** *of God, flee from these things. Instead, pursue righteousness...* 
+