ru_gl_ru_uag/content/pronoun_personal.rst

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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/pronoun_personal.rst
.. _pronoun_personal:
Pronoun Personal
================
Summary
-------
In Biblical Aramaic, a personal pronoun is a word that indirectly refers to a particular person(s) or thing(s). In English, the
following words are personal pronouns: "I", "we", "you", "he", "she", "they", "them".
Article
-------
In Biblical Aramaic, personal pronouns change form according to gender (:ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>`, number
(:ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>`, and person (:ref:`first<person_first>`, :ref:`second<person_second>`, or
:ref:`third<person_third>`. Grammatically they are very similar to :ref:`pronominal suffixes<suffix_pronominal>`, but they
stand alone rather than attaching to other kinds of words; also, they are more limited in their function.
Form
----
Paradigm
~~~~~~~~
.. csv-table:: Personal Pronoun Paradigm
:header-rows: 1
Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
common singular first person,אֲנִי / אָנֹכִי,'ani / 'anokhi,I
masculine singular second person,אַתָּה,'attah,you
feminine singular second person,אַתְּ,'at,you
masculine singular third person,הוּא,hu,he / it
feminine singular third person,הִיא / הִוא,hi / hiw,she / it
common plural first person,אֲנַחְנוּ,'anahnu,we
masculine plural second person,אַתֶּם,'attem,you
feminine plural second person,אַתֵּנָה,'attenah,you
masculine plural third person,הֵם / הֵמָּה,hem / hemmah,they
feminine plural third person,הֵן / הֵנָּה,hen / hennah,they
Function
--------
As a general :ref:`noun<noun>`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 41:10
"אַל־תִּירָא֙ כִּ֣י עִמְּךָ־\ **אָ֔נִי** אַל־תִּשְׁתָּ֖ע
כִּֽי־\ **אֲנִ֣י** אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ"
'al-tira' ki 'immekha-**'ani** 'al-tishta' ki-\ **'ani** 'eloheykha
Not\_fear for with-you\_\ **I** not\_be-anxious for\_\ **I** your-God
"Do not fear, for **I** am with you. Do not be anxious, for **I** am
your God."
.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 6:2
אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה
**'ani** yehwah
**I** Yahweh
**I** am Yahweh.
.. csv-table:: Example: JER 12:1
צַדִּ֤יק אַתָּה֙
tsaddiq **'attah**
righteous **you**
**you** are righteous
As subject of a finite verb
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Sometimes an independent personal pronoun appears as the subject of a finite verb even though the pronominal subject is
already indicated by the verb form iteself. In these cases, the personal pronoun functions to emphasize the personal role of
the subject in performing the verbal action. When used in this way, the personal pronoun is often translated reflexively in
English: "myself", "yourself", etc.
.. csv-table:: Example: 1KI 18:22
אֲנִ֞י נֹותַ֧רְתִּי נָבִ֛יא לַיהוָ֖ה
**'ani** nowtharti navi layhwah
**I** I-am-left prophet for-Yahweh
"I, **I alone**, am left as a prophet of Yahweh"
As subject of a :ref:`verbal participle<participle_active>`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. csv-table:: Example: DEU 8:1
אָנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛
**'anokhi** metsawwekha
**I** am-commanding-you
**I** am giving you
In apposition with a :ref:`noun<noun>` or :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Sometimes a personal pronoun simply repeats a noun or pronominal suffix that has appeared earlier in the sentence. The specific
function of the repeated pronoun must be discerned from the context in these cases, but often the repetition expresses some
kind of emphasis on the identified person(s) or thing(s) within the sentence.
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 27:34
בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־\ **אָ֖נִי** אָבִֽי
barakheni gam-\ **'ani** 'avi
Bless-me also\_\ **me** my-father
"Bless me, **me** also, my father"
.. csv-table:: Example: EZR 7:6
ה֤וּא עֶזְרָא֙ עָלָ֣ה מִבָּבֶ֔ל
**hu** 'ezra' 'alah mibbavel
**He** Ezra came-up from-Babylon
Ezra came up from Babylon
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 36:1
עֵשָׂ֖ו \ **ה֥וּא** אֱדֽוֹם
'esaw **hu** 'edom
Esau **he** Edom
Esau (**also called** Edom)