ru_gl_ru_uag/content/person_first.rst

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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/person_first.rst
.. _person_first:
Person First
============
Summary
-------
The first person form of a term refers to the person(s) writing or speaking.
Article
-------
In English, the first person pronouns include: "I", "me", or "my", for singular; and "we", "us",
or "our," for plural. In Biblical Aramaic, terms which are marked for first person do not change form according to gender
(:ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>` and :ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>`), but they do change form according to number
(:ref:`singular<number_singular>` or :ref:`plural<number_plural>`). In Biblical Aramaic,
:ref:`verbs<verb>`, :ref:`pronouns<pronoun_personal>`, and :ref:`pronominal suffixes<suffix_pronominal>`
can all be marked for first person.
Form
----
In Biblical Aramaic, a term marked for first person can be recognized by a variety of
changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other, so it is difficult to sum them up
in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a first person form.
Paradigm
~~~~~~~~
.. csv-table:: First Person Qal Suffix Conjugation Forms
Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
first person common singular,קָטַלְתִּי,qatalti,I killed
first person common plural,קָטַלְנוּ,qatalnu,we killed
first person common singular,אֶקְטֹל,'eqtol,I will kill
first person common plural,נִקְטֹל,niqtol,we will kill
.. csv-table:: First Person Indepdent Personal Pronoun Forms
Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
first person common singular,אֲנִי / אָנֹכִי,'ani / 'anokhi,I
first person common plural,אֲנַחְנוּ,'anahnu,we
.. csv-table:: First Person Object Pronoun Forms
Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
first person common singular,אֹתִי,'othi,me
first person common plural,אֹתָנוּ,'othanu,us
.. csv-table:: First Person Pronominal Suffix Forms
Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
first person common singular,לִי / - ִי,li / -i,(to) me
first person common plural,לָנוּ / -נוּ,lanu / - nu,(to) us
Neither English nor Biblical Aramaic distinguish between the inclusive and
the exclusive "we". The context will determine which one is
meant. See also `translationAcademy <http://ufw.io/academy/>`_ and
`translationNotes <http://ufw.io/academy/>`_ for help
if the context is not clear.
Examples
--------
:ref:`Finite verb<verb-finite>` marked for first person
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A :ref:`finite verb<verb-finite>` (and/or :ref:`verbal participle<participle_active-verbal>`) in first person form
indicates that the subject of the verb is the writer/speaker of the verb.
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 28:15
עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־\ **עָשִׂ֔יתִי** אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ
'ad 'asher 'im-**'asithi** 'eth 'asher-dibbarti lakh
"until then when\_\ **I-have-done** [dir.obj] what\_I-have-spoken
to-you."
**I will do** all that I have promised to you.
:ref:`Personal pronoun<pronoun_personal>` marked for first person
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A first person indpendent personal pronoun refers either to the writer/speaker (for singular) or to an entire group to which
the writer/speaker belongs (for plural).
.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 6:2
אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה
**'ani** yehwah
**I** Yahweh.
**I** am Yahweh.
:ref:`Pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>` marked for first person
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A first person pronominal suffix usually functions either as a personal pronoun (for verbs and prepositions) or as a possessive
adjective (for nouns).
As :ref:`attached to a verb<suffix_pronominal-verbs>`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 17:9
וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם **אֹתָֽנוּ**\ ׃
wa'avadtem **'othanu**
and-you-will-serve **[dir.obj]-us**.
then you will serve **us**.
As :ref:`attached to a noun<suffix_pronominal-nouns>`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 19:4 (2SA 19:1 in Aramaic)
בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י
**beni** 'avshalowm **beni veni**
**My-son** Absalom **my-son my-son**.
"**My son** Absalom, Absalom, **my son, my son**!"
As :ref:`attached to a preposition<suffix_pronominal-prepositions>`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 46:9
וְאֶ֥פֶס **כָּמֹֽונִי**\ ׃
we'efes **kamowni**
and-none **like-me**.
and there is no one **like me**.
.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 19:5
כִּי־\ **לִ֖י** כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
ki-\ **li** kol-ha'arets
for\_\ **to-me** all\_the-earth.
for all the earth is **mine**.