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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/pronoun_personal.rst
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.. _pronoun_personal:
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Pronoun Personal
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================
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Summary
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-------
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In Biblical Aramaic, a personal pronoun is a word that indirectly refers to a particular person(s) or thing(s). In English, the
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following words are personal pronouns: "I", "we", "you", "he", "she", "they", "them".
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Article
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-------
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In Biblical Aramaic, personal pronouns change form according to gender (:ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>`, number
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(:ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>`, and person (:ref:`first<person_first>`, :ref:`second<person_second>`, or
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:ref:`third<person_third>`. Grammatically they are very similar to :ref:`pronominal suffixes<suffix_pronominal>`, but they
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stand alone rather than attaching to other kinds of words; also, they are more limited in their function.
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Form
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----
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Personal Pronoun Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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common singular first person,אֲנִי / אָנֹכִי,'ani / 'anokhi,I
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masculine singular second person,אַתָּה,'attah,you
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feminine singular second person,אַתְּ,'at,you
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masculine singular third person,הוּא,hu,he / it
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feminine singular third person,הִיא / הִוא,hi / hiw,she / it
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common plural first person,אֲנַחְנוּ,'anahnu,we
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masculine plural second person,אַתֶּם,'attem,you
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feminine plural second person,אַתֵּנָה,'attenah,you
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masculine plural third person,הֵם / הֵמָּה,hem / hemmah,they
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feminine plural third person,הֵן / הֵנָּה,hen / hennah,they
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Function
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--------
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As a general :ref:`noun<noun>`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 41:10
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"אַל־תִּירָא֙ כִּ֣י עִמְּךָ־\ **אָ֔נִי** אַל־תִּשְׁתָּ֖ע
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כִּֽי־\ **אֲנִ֣י** אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ"
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'al-tira' ki 'immekha-**'ani** 'al-tishta' ki-\ **'ani** 'eloheykha
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Not\_fear for with-you\_\ **I** not\_be-anxious for\_\ **I** your-God
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"Do not fear, for **I** am with you. Do not be anxious, for **I** am
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your God."
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.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 6:2
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אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה
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**'ani** yehwah
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**I** Yahweh
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**I** am Yahweh.
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.. csv-table:: Example: JER 12:1
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צַדִּ֤יק אַתָּה֙
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tsaddiq **'attah**
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righteous **you**
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**you** are righteous
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As subject of a finite verb
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Sometimes an independent personal pronoun appears as the subject of a finite verb even though the pronominal subject is
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already indicated by the verb form iteself. In these cases, the personal pronoun functions to emphasize the personal role of
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the subject in performing the verbal action. When used in this way, the personal pronoun is often translated reflexively in
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English: "myself", "yourself", etc.
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.. csv-table:: Example: 1KI 18:22
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אֲנִ֞י נֹותַ֧רְתִּי נָבִ֛יא לַיהוָ֖ה
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**'ani** nowtharti navi layhwah
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**I** I-am-left prophet for-Yahweh
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"I, **I alone**, am left as a prophet of Yahweh"
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As subject of a :ref:`verbal participle<participle_active>`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Example: DEU 8:1
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אָנֹכִ֧י מְצַוְּךָ֛
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**'anokhi** metsawwekha
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**I** am-commanding-you
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**I** am giving you
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In apposition with a :ref:`noun<noun>` or :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Sometimes a personal pronoun simply repeats a noun or pronominal suffix that has appeared earlier in the sentence. The specific
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function of the repeated pronoun must be discerned from the context in these cases, but often the repetition expresses some
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kind of emphasis on the identified person(s) or thing(s) within the sentence.
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 27:34
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בָּרֲכֵ֥נִי גַם־\ **אָ֖נִי** אָבִֽי
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barakheni gam-\ **'ani** 'avi
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Bless-me also\_\ **me** my-father
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"Bless me, **me** also, my father"
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.. csv-table:: Example: EZR 7:6
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ה֤וּא עֶזְרָא֙ עָלָ֣ה מִבָּבֶ֔ל
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**hu** 'ezra' 'alah mibbavel
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**He** Ezra came-up from-Babylon
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Ezra came up from Babylon
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 36:1
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עֵשָׂ֖ו \ **ה֥וּא** אֱדֽוֹם
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'esaw **hu** 'edom
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Esau **he** Edom
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Esau (**also called** Edom) |