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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/person_first.rst
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.. _person_first:
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Person First
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============
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Summary
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-------
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The first person form of a term refers to the person(s) writing or speaking.
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Article
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-------
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In English, the first person pronouns include: "I", "me", or "my", for singular; and "we", "us",
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or "our," for plural. In Biblical Aramaic, terms which are marked for first person do not change form according to gender
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(:ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>` and :ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>`), but they do change form according to number
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(:ref:`singular<number_singular>` or :ref:`plural<number_plural>`). In Biblical Aramaic,
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:ref:`verbs<verb>`, :ref:`pronouns<pronoun_personal>`, and :ref:`pronominal suffixes<suffix_pronominal>`
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can all be marked for first person.
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Form
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----
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In Biblical Aramaic, a term marked for first person can be recognized by a variety of
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changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other, so it is difficult to sum them up
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in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a first person form.
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: First Person Qal Suffix Conjugation Forms
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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first person common singular,קָטַלְתִּי,qatalti,I killed
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first person common plural,קָטַלְנוּ,qatalnu,we killed
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first person common singular,אֶקְטֹל,'eqtol,I will kill
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first person common plural,נִקְטֹל,niqtol,we will kill
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.. csv-table:: First Person Indepdent Personal Pronoun Forms
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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first person common singular,אֲנִי / אָנֹכִי,'ani / 'anokhi,I
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first person common plural,אֲנַחְנוּ,'anahnu,we
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.. csv-table:: First Person Object Pronoun Forms
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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first person common singular,אֹתִי,'othi,me
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first person common plural,אֹתָנוּ,'othanu,us
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.. csv-table:: First Person Pronominal Suffix Forms
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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first person common singular,לִי / - ִי,li / -i,(to) me
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first person common plural,לָנוּ / -נוּ,lanu / - nu,(to) us
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Neither English nor Biblical Aramaic distinguish between the inclusive and
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the exclusive "we". The context will determine which one is
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meant. See also `translationAcademy <http://ufw.io/academy/>`_ and
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`translationNotes <http://ufw.io/academy/>`_ for help
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if the context is not clear.
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Examples
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--------
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:ref:`Finite verb<verb-finite>` marked for first person
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A :ref:`finite verb<verb-finite>` (and/or :ref:`verbal participle<participle_active-verbal>`) in first person form
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indicates that the subject of the verb is the writer/speaker of the verb.
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 28:15
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עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־\ **עָשִׂ֔יתִי** אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ
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'ad 'asher 'im-**'asithi** 'eth 'asher-dibbarti lakh
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"until then when\_\ **I-have-done** [dir.obj] what\_I-have-spoken
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to-you."
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**I will do** all that I have promised to you.
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:ref:`Personal pronoun<pronoun_personal>` marked for first person
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A first person indpendent personal pronoun refers either to the writer/speaker (for singular) or to an entire group to which
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the writer/speaker belongs (for plural).
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.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 6:2
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אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה
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**'ani** yehwah
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**I** Yahweh.
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**I** am Yahweh.
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:ref:`Pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>` marked for first person
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A first person pronominal suffix usually functions either as a personal pronoun (for verbs and prepositions) or as a possessive
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adjective (for nouns).
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As :ref:`attached to a verb<suffix_pronominal-verbs>`
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 17:9
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וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם **אֹתָֽנוּ**\ ׃
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wa'avadtem **'othanu**
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and-you-will-serve **[dir.obj]-us**.
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then you will serve **us**.
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As :ref:`attached to a noun<suffix_pronominal-nouns>`
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 19:4 (2SA 19:1 in Aramaic)
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בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י
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**beni** 'avshalowm **beni veni**
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**My-son** Absalom **my-son my-son**.
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"**My son** Absalom, Absalom, **my son, my son**!"
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As :ref:`attached to a preposition<suffix_pronominal-prepositions>`
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 46:9
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וְאֶ֥פֶס **כָּמֹֽונִי**\ ׃
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we'efes **kamowni**
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and-none **like-me**.
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and there is no one **like me**.
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.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 19:5
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כִּי־\ **לִ֖י** כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
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ki-\ **li** kol-ha'arets
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for\_\ **to-me** all\_the-earth.
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for all the earth is **mine**.
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