See in Reader
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87 lines
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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_demonstrative.rst
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.. _particle_demonstrative:
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Particle Demonstrative
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======================
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Summary
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-------
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Demonstrative particles function to direct the attention of a listener or reader.
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Article
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-------
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Biblical Aramaic has only a few demonstrative particles, with the two most common ones being הִנֵּה and הֵ֣ן. The specific function
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of a demonstrative particle is to draw attention to whatever immediately follows the particle, either a single word or an entire
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phrase. Similar to the :ref:`exhortation particle<particle_exhortation>`, demonstrative particles are sometimes left untranslated.
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Demonstrative particles can stand alone or take a :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>` and/or a prefixed
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:ref:`conjunction<conjunction>`.
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Function
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--------
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Directs the attention of the listener
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When used in direct speech, the demonstrative particle functions to direct the attention of the person listening to the speech.
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This function of the demonstrative particle also serves to make a presentation of a person/thing from one person to another
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(see GEN 12:19 below).
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.. csv-table:: Example: JOS 3:11
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הִנֵּה֙ אֲרֹ֣ון הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲדֹ֖ון כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ עֹבֵ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם
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בַּיַּרְדֵּֽן׃
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"**hinneh** 'arown habberith 'adown kol-ha'arets 'over lifnekhem
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bayyarden"
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"**Look** ark-of the-covenant-of lord-of all\_the-earth is-crossing
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before-you into-the-Jordan."
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"**Look!** The ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth
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crosses over ahead of you into the Jordan."
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.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 65:1
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אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ **הִנֵּ֣נִי הִנֵּ֔נִי** אֶל־גֹּ֖וי לֹֽא־קֹרָ֥א
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בִשְׁמִֽי׃
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'amartiy **hinneni hinneni** 'el-gowy lo-qora vishmi
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I-said **look-me look-me** to\_nation not\_called by-my-name.
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I said ""**Here I am! Here I am!**"" to a nation that did not call on my name.
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 12:19
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וְעַתָּ֕ה הִנֵּ֥ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ קַ֥ח וָלֵֽךְ׃
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insert transliteration
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and-now **behold** your-wife take and-go
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Now therefore **here is** your wife. Take her, and go your way.
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Directs the attention of the reader
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When used in narrative or poetry (not in direct speech), the demonstrative particles functions to direct the attention of the
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person reading the text. This function of the demonstrative particle often directs the attention of the reader to a scene that
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a person within the narrative is observing at that moment (see GEN 1:31 and GEN 8:13 below).
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.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 40:10
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הִנֵּ֤ה שְׂכָרֹו֙ אִתֹּ֔ו
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**hinneh** sekharow 'ittow
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**Look** his-reward with-him
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"**See**, his reward is with him"
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:31
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:delim: tab
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וַיַּ֤רְא אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב מְאֹ֑ד
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insert transliteration
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And-he-saw God [dir.obj]\_all\_that he-made **and-behold** \_good very
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God saw everything that he had made. **Behold,** it was very good.
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 8:13
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:delim: tab
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וַיַּ֕רְא וְהִנֵּ֥ה חָֽרְב֖וּ פְּנֵ֥י הָֽאֲדָמָֽה
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insert transliteration
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And-he-saw **and-behold** it-was-dry face-of [def.art]-ground
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looked out, and saw that **behold** the surface of the ground was dry
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