123 lines
4.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
123 lines
4.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/state_construct.rst
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.. _state_construct:
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State Construct
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===============
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Summary
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-------
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The contruct state is a modified form of a word (noun, adjective, participle, or infinitive) in contrast to the standard form
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called the absolute state. The construct state is used when a word takes a suffix or is connected to another term in a
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construct chain.
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Article
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-------
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:ref:`Nouns<noun>`, :ref:`adjectives<adjective>`, :ref:`participles<participle_active>` and
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:ref:`infinitives<infinitive_construct>` can appear in the :ref:`absolute state<state_absolute>`,
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the construct state, or the :ref:`determined state<state_determined>`.
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The construct state ending can take an attached :ref:`suffix<suffix>` but neither the absolute state nor the determined state can.
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Nouns, adjectives and participles can appear in either the absolute, construct, or determined state for both
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:ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>` and :ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>` terms in both :ref:`singular<number_singular>`
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and :ref:`plural<number_plural>` forms.
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.. note:: Many masculine singular nouns appear exactly alike in both the absolute state and the construct state.
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The construct state serves a unique function in Biblical Aramaic to grammatically link a word to the following word(s),making
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a single grammatical unit called a :ref:`construct chain<state_construct-construct-chain>`. Words in a construct chain are often
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translated into English with the word "of" between them. Construct chains can consist of two words (for example, "the *king* of
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*Israel*") or more than two words (for example, "the *son* of the *king* of *Israel*").
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Form
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----
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For most nouns, the masculine singular form is identical to the absolute state. The masculine plural construct ending drops the
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final ם and changes the final hireq to a segol (i-sound to e-sound).
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Usually, the feminine singular construct ending changes from a final ה to a final ת. The feminine plural construct ending is
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identical to the absolute state.
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Construct State Examples
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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"Noun, masculine singular construct",סוּס,sus,stallion of
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"Noun, masculine plural construct",סוּסֵי,suse,stallions of
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"Noun, feminine singular construct",סוּסַת,susat,mare of
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"Noun, feminine plural construct",סוּסוֹת,susoth,mares of
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Function
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--------
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Appearing with a suffix
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. _state_construct-construct-chain:
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Forming a construct chain
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Two or more terms that are gramatically linked together to form a construct chain can express a wide range of meanings.
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The initial term(s) in a construct chain always appears in the construct state and is called the "construct noun(s)."
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The final term in a construct chain always appears in the absolute state and is called the
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:ref:`"absolute noun"<state_absolute-absolute-noun>`. The absolute noun always determines whether a construct chain is
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:ref:`definite<state_absolute-definite-chain>` or :ref:`indefinite<state_absolute-indefinite-chain>`.
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Possessive
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^^^^^^^^^^
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A construct noun can indicate a person/thing possessed by the absolute noun.
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Relational
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^^^^^^^^^^
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A construct noun can indicate a kind of personal relationship with reference to the absolute noun.
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Material
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^^^^^^^^
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An absolute noun can indicate the substance or material of the construct noun.
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Attributive
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^^^^^^^^^^^
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An absolute noun can describe the construct noun, similar to an :ref:`attributive adjective<adjective-attributive>`.
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Indicative
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^^^^^^^^^^
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An absolute noun can indicate the specific item described by the construct noun.
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Purpose/Result
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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An absolute noun can indicate an intended purpose/result for the construct noun.
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Agent/Instrument
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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An absolute noun can indicate the person/thing by which the construct noun is performed.
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Subject/object of an action
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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An absolute noun can indicate the person/thing that either performs or receives the action described by the construct noun.
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Superlative
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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A construct noun can indicate a unique item among a series described by the absolute noun.
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