98 lines
2.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
98 lines
2.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uag/src/branch/master/content/infinitive.rst
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.. _infinitive:
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Infinitive
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==========
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Summary
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-------
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The infinitive is a non-finite verbal form that usually functions as a verbal complement, providing extra
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information regarding the purpose, result, or temporal frame of the
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verbal action of the main verb. In rare cases, the infinitive
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functions independently as a noun.
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Article
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-------
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The infinitive generally functions as a verbal complement to a
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:ref:`finite verb<verb-finite>`,
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but in rare cases it also functions independently as a :ref:`noun<noun>`.
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The infinitive generally has only one
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form in each
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:ref:`stem formation<stem>`
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(Pe'al, Pa'el, etc.), and it does not conjugate according to
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person, gender, or number as do the finite verb forms.
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Form
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----
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.. csv-table:: Infinitive Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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Pe'al,מִכְתַּב,mikhtabh,"to write"
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Hithpe'el,הִתְכְּתָבָה,hithkethabhah,"to write oneself"
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Pa'el,כַּתָּבָה,kattabhah,"to write down"
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Hithpa'al,הִתְכַּתָּבָה,hithkattabhah,"to write oneself down"
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Haphel,הַכְתָּבָה,hakhtabhah,"to cause to write"
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The infinitive construct is not found in the :ref:`Hophal<stem_hophal>` or :ref:`Pual<stem_pual>` stems in
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Biblical Aramaic.
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Function
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--------
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The infinitive construct can carry the following range of meanings.
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Expresses purpose, result, or complementary action of a main verb (with preposition לְ)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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This is by far the most common use of the infinitive construct, as a
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standard grammatical infinitive.
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.. note:: The infinitive construct can also
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be used with other prepositions to complement the main verb (such as the
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preposition עַל in the example below).
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In the following example, the infinitive is expressing
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purpose for the action of the main verb.
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In the following example, the infinitive is expressing
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the result of the action of the main verb.
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In the following example, the infinitive is expressing
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the complementary action of the main verb.
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Functions as a :ref:`noun<noun>`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The infinitive construct sometimes functions as an independent noun.
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The infinitive construct may also introduce an entire clause that functions
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as a noun.
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Regarding use with a :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When the infinitive takes a pronominal suffix, that suffix can
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be either the subject or the object of the infinitive itself (not the
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main verb), as determined by the context.
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The following example is an infinitive construct with suffix as *subject*
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of the action.
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The following example is an infinitive construct with suffix as *object*
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of the action.
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