From eeccd880a72cc14e4b6eaef9aa9c7813735efeb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Joel D. Ruark" Date: Mon, 3 May 2021 13:14:26 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Copy article from UHG --- content/person_third.rst | 148 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 148 insertions(+) create mode 100644 content/person_third.rst diff --git a/content/person_third.rst b/content/person_third.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3767e07 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/person_third.rst @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/person_third.rst + +.. _person_third: + +Person Third +============ + +Summary +------- + +The third person form of a term refers to a person(s) or thing(s) other than the writer/speaker and the person being addressed +by the writer/speaker. + +Article +------- + +In English, the third person pronouns include: "he", "him", "his", "she", or "her", for singular; and "they", "them", +or "their," for plural. In Biblical Hebrew, terms which are marked for third person can change form according to both gender +(:ref:`masculine` and :ref:`feminine`) and number (:ref:`singular` or +:ref:`plural`). In Biblical Hebrew, :ref:`verbs`, :ref:`pronouns`, +and :ref:`pronominal suffixes` can all be marked for third person. + + +Form +---- + +In Biblical Hebrew, a term marked for third person can be recognized by a variety of +changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other, so it is difficult to sum them up +in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a third person form. + +Paradigm +~~~~~~~~ + +.. csv-table:: Third Person Qal Suffix Conjugation Forms + + Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss + third person masculine singular",קָטַל,qatal,he killed + third person feminine singular",קָטְלָה,qatlah,she killed + third person common plural",קָטְלוּ,qatlu,they killed + +.. csv-table:: Third Person Qal Prefix Conjugation Forms + + Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss + third person masculine singular",יִקְטֹל,yiqtol,he will kill + third person feminine singular",תִּקְטֹל,tiqtol,she will kill + third person masculine plural",יִקְטְלוּ,yiqtelu,they will kill + third person feminine plural",תִּקְטֹלְנָה,tiqtolenah,they will kill + +.. csv-table:: Third Person Indepdent Personal Pronoun Forms + + Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss + third person masculine singular",הוּא,hu,he / it + third person feminine singular",הִיא / הִוא,hi / hiw,she / it + third person masculine plural",הֵם / הֵמָּה,hem / hemmah,they + third person feminine plural",הֵן / הֵנָּה,hen / hennah,they + +.. csv-table:: Third Person Object Pronoun Forms + + Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss + third person masculine singular",אֹתוֹ,'otho,him / it + third person feminine singular",אֹתָהּ,'othah,her / it + third person masculine plural",אֶתְהֶם / אֹתָם,'ethhem / 'otham,them + third person feminine plural",אֶתְהֶן / אֹתָן,'ethhen / 'othan,them + +.. csv-table:: Third Person Pronominal Suffix Forms + + Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss + third person masculine singular",לוֹ / -וֹ,lo / -o,(to) him + third person feminine singular",לָהּ / - ָהּ,lah / -ah,(to) her + third person masculine plural",לָהֶם / -הֶם / - ָם,lahem / -hem / -am,(to) them + third person feminine plural",לָהֶן / -הֶן / - ָן,lahen / -hen / -an,(to) them + + + + +Examples +-------- + +:ref:`Finite verb` marked for third person +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A :ref:`finite verb` (and/or :ref:`verbal participle`) in third person form +indicates that the subject of the verb is someone/something other than the writer/speaker or the person being addressed. + +.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 12:1 + + וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם + **wayyomer** yehwah 'el-'avram + **and-he-said** Yahweh to\_Abram + **Now** Yahweh **said** to Abram + +:ref:`Personal pronoun` marked for third person +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A third person indpendent personal pronoun refers either to a person/thing (for singular) or group of persons/things (for plural) +other than the writer/speaker and the person being addressed by the writer/speaker. + +.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 36:1 + + עֵשָׂ֖ו \ **ה֥וּא** אֱדֽוֹם + 'esaw **hu** 'edom + Esau **he** Edom + Esau (**also called** Edom) + +:ref:`Pronominal suffix` marked for third person +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +A third person pronominal suffix usually functions either as a personal pronoun (for verbs and prepositions) or as a possessive +adjective (for nouns). + +As :ref:`attached to a verb` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 37:14 + + וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֨הוּ֙ מֵעֵ֣מֶק חֶבְרֹ֔ון וַיָּבֹ֖א שְׁכֶֽמָה׃ + **wayyishlahehu** me'emeq hevrown wayyavo shekhemah + **and-he-sent-him** from-the-Valley-of Hebron and-he-went to-Shechem. + "**So he sent him out** of the Valley of Hebron, and he went to + Shechem." + +As :ref:`attached to a noun` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 17:23 + + וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־\ **בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ + wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro** + And-he-stood-up and-went to\_\ **his-house** to\_\ **his-city** + He went **home** to **his own city** + +As :ref:`attached to a preposition` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +.. csv-table:: Example: JOB 39:12 + + הֲתַאֲמִ֣ין בֹּ֖ו + hatha'amin **bow** + Do-you-believe **in-him**? + Will you depend **on him**? + +.. csv-table:: Example: 2KI 17:15 + + אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשֹׂ֥ות כָּהֶֽם׃ + 'asher tsiwwah yehwah 'otham levilti 'asowth kahem + "whom had-commanded Yahweh [dir.obj]-them to-abstain doing + **like-them**" + those that Yahweh had commanded them not to do **like them**.