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Joel D. Ruark
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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/pronoun_demonstrative.rst
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.. _pronoun_demonstrative:
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Pronoun Demonstrative
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=====================
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Summary
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-------
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A demonstrative pronoun refers to a specific person(s) or thing(s) in particular. In English, the following words are
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demonstrative pronouns: "this", "that", "these", "those".
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Article
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-------
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In Biblical Hebrew, demonstrative :ref:`pronouns<pronoun>` can function either as :ref:`nouns<noun>` or
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:ref:`adjectives<adjective>`. Demonstrative pronouns can change form according to gender (:ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>`
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or :ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>`) and number (:ref:`singular<number_singular>` or :ref:`plural<number_plural>`) but NOT
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according to person (i.e. :ref:`first<person_first>`, :ref:`second<person_second>`, or :ref:`third<person_third>` person).
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Form
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----
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Demonstrative Pronoun Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular near,(or זֶה (זֹה / זֹו,zeh (or zow / zoh),this
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feminine singular near,זֹאת,zoth,this
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masculine singular far,הוּא,hu,that
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feminine singular far,הִיא,hi,that
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common plural near,אֵלֶּה,'elleh,these
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masculine plural far,הֵם / הֵמָּה,hemmah / hem,those
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feminine plural far,הֵנָּה,hennah,those
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.. note:: The "far" demonstrative pronouns are identical to certain :ref:`personal pronouns<pronoun_personal>` and must be distinguished by the context.
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Function
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--------
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As a :ref:`noun<noun>`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Example: JDG 7:4
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"וְהָיָ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ אֹמַ֨ר אֵלֶ֜יךָ \ **זֶ֣ה** ׀ יֵלֵ֣ךְ
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אִתָּ֗ךְ \ **ה֚וּא** יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֔ךְ"
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"wehayah 'asher 'omar 'eleykha **zeh** yelekh 'ittakh **hu** yelekh
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'ittakh"
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"And-it-is that I-will-say to-you **this** will-go with-you **that**
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will-go with-you"
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"If I say to you, ""**This one** will go with you,"" **he** will go with
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you"
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Reciprocal
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^^^^^^^^^^
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Demonstrative pronouns can be used to distinguish individuals within a
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group interacting with each other.
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.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 6:3
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וְקָרָ֨א \ **זֶ֤ה** אֶל־זֶה֙
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weqara **zeh** 'el-**zeh**
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And-it-called **this** to\_\ **this**
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And **each one** called to **another**
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Apposition to a noun
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 27:21
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הַֽאַתָּ֥ה \ **זֶ֛ה** בְּנִ֥י
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ha'attah **zeh** beni
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the-you **this** my-son
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you are my **true** son
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As an :ref:`adjective<adjective>`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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as an :ref:`attributive<adjective-attributive>` adjective
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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When used as an attributive adjective, a demonstrative pronoun often follows the noun, and both terms can take the
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:ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>`. Sometimes neither the noun nor the demonstrative pronoun takes
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the definite article. In either case, the demonstrative pronoun makes the described noun :ref:`definite<definiteness>`.
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.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 18:23
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הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה
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haddevarim **ha'elleh**
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the-words **the-these**
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**these** words
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.. csv-table:: Example: JOS 2:20
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דְּבָרֵ֣נוּ זֶ֑ה
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devarenu **zeh**
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our-business **this**
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**this** business of ours
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.. csv-table:: Example: 1KI 19:5
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וְהִנֵּֽה־\ **זֶ֤ה** מַלְאָךְ֙
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wehinneh-\ **zeh** mal'akh
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And-behold **this** angel
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Suddenly an angel
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as a :ref:`Predicative<adjective-predicative>` adjective
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: JDG 4:14
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זֶ֤ה הַיּוֹם֙
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**zeh** hayyom
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**this** the-day
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**this** is the day
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.. _pronoun_demonstrative-relative:
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As a :ref:`relative particle<particle_relative>`
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 74:2
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הַר־צִ֝יֹּ֗ון **זֶ֤ה**\ ׀ שָׁכַ֬נְתָּ בֹּֽו׃
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har-tsiyyown **zeh** shakhanta bow
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Mount\_Zion **this** you-lived in-it.
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"Mount Zion, **where** you live."
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.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 104:26
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לִ֝וְיָתָ֗ן \ **זֶֽה**\ ־יָצַ֥רְתָּ
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liwyathan **zeh**-yatsarta
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Leviathan **this**\ \_you-formed
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"Leviathan, **which** you formed"
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 47:6
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אֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לְפָנֶ֣יךָ הִ֔וא
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'erets mitsrayim lefaneykha **hiw**
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Land-of Egypt to-your-face **that**
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The land of Egypt is before you
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