Update 'content/conjunction.rst'

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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/conjunction.rst
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uag/src/branch/master/content/conjunction.rst
.. _conjunction:
Conjunction
@ -50,254 +50,40 @@ relationships:
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/conjunction-conjunctive.rst
.. _conjunction-alternative:
Alternative
^^^^^^^^^^^
An alternative conjunction compares two words/phrases/sentences as alternates and is usually
translated as “or” in English.
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/conjunction-alternative.rst
.. _conjunction-contrastive:
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/conjunction-contrastive.rst
Contrastive
^^^^^^^^^^^
A contrastive conjunction contrasts two words/phrases/sentences as different in some way and is usually translated as “but” in
English.
.. _conjunction-affirmative:
Explicative
^^^^^^^^^^^
An affirmative conjunction connects two words/phrases/sentences in such a way that the second
restates the first, sometimes with a nuance of either strengthening or adding to the first.
This kind of conjunction is often translated “even” (or is sometimes left untranslated) in English.
ֹאו
----
The word אוֹ is the standard :ref:`alternative<conjunction-alternative>` conjunction in Biblical Aramaic,
usually translated as "or" in English.
כִּי
----
.. include:: includes/ci_flexible.txt
The word כִּי is the standard causal conjunction in Biblical Aramaic, and
is usually translated as "for" in English. However, it is also commonly
used as a conditional conjunction (usually translated, "if"). Often,
כִּי is conditional when it occurs at the beginning of a sentence and
causal when it occurs in the middle (or toward the end) of a sentence,
but there are notable exceptions to this general rule.
.. _conjunction-explicative:
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/conjunction-explicative.rst
.. _conjunction-causal:
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/conjunction-causal.rst
Causal
~~~~~~
.. _causal-result:
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/causal-result.rst
This is the most common use of the word כִּי. However, sometimes it is
extremely difficult to distinguish between a causal conjunction that
expresses purpose and one that expresses result. When כִּי functions as
a causal conjunction, it is often translated into English simply as
"for", which can express either purpose or result.
expresses purpose
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This means to express the purpose, reason, or cause for an action/event.
In English, this kind of causal conjunction is usually translated as
"for" or "because".
expresses result
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This means to express the result or intended outcome of an action/event.
In English, this kind of causal conjunction is usually translated as
"for" or “so that”.
Conditional
~~~~~~~~~~~
This is also a very common use of the word כִּי in Biblical Aramaic. This
conjunction can describe either a hypothetical condition or an actual
condition, as determined by the context.
expresses a hypothetical condition
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A hypothetical condition expresses an imaginary action or event that has
not actually happened in reality. This kind of conditional conjunction
is usually translated as "if" in English. Hypothetical conditions have
potential to convey many different nuances of possibility and/or
desirability.
expresses an actual condition
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
An actual condition expresses an action or event that has actually
happened in reality, and is usually translated as "when" or "while" in
English. Usually, this kind of condition indicates something that is
happening concurrently with the main action/event being described, or
something that has happened in the past in certain circumstances.
Other uses
~~~~~~~~~~
The word כִּי can also express other conjunctive meanings, often as an
contrastive following a negated statement. If in doubt, it is
recommended to always consult a dictionary or lexicon for the exact
meaning of the word in any specific instance.
אִם
----
.. note:: Like the word כִּי, the word אִם in Biblical Aramaic is also
extremely flexible in its meaning. If in doubt, it is recommended to
always consult a dictionary or lexicon for the exact meaning of the word
in any specific instance.
.. _causal-purpose:
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/causal-purpose.rst
.. _conjunction-conditional:
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/conjunction-conditional.rst
Conditional
~~~~~~~~~~~
The word אִם is the standard conditional conjunction in Biblical Aramaic.
It is most often used to describe a hypothetical condition and
translated as "if" in English. However, this term can can be nuanced and
translated in a variety of specific ways, and it can be joined with
various other particles to form different compound conjunctions.
Therefore, this word must be translated always with senstivity to the
context to express the correct nuance.
expresses a hypothetical condition
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A hypothetical condition expresses an imaginary action or event that has
not actually happened in reality. This kind of conditional conjunction
is usually translated as "if" in English. Hypothetical conditions have
potential to convey many different nuances of possibility and/or
desirability.
The following example is a hypothetical condition as an affirmation of
an actual condition.
expresses an actual condition
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
An actual condition expresses an action or event that has actually
happened in reality, and is usually translated as "when" or "while" in
English. Usually, this kind of condition indicates something that is
happening concurrently with the main action/event being described, or
something that has happened in the past in certain circumstances.
:ref:`Alternative<conjunction-alternative>`
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This use of the conjunction אִם is often found in a question and is
usually translated as "or" in English.
וְעַתָּה
----
The word עַתָּה ("now") in Biblical Aramaic often functions as a temporal adverb
in a sentence. However, when עַתָּה appears at the beginning of a
sentence or clause, it usually functions not as an adverb but as a
conjunction, either standing alone or as a compound conjunction (when
paired with the prefix וְ or with particles such as גַּם or כִּי). In
either case, the term functions as a type of :ref:`causal<conjunction-causal>` conjunction, indicating that
what follows is based upon what has come before. This conjunction must
be translated always with great sensitivity to the context to express
the correct nuance; in English, this conjunction can be translated as
"now", "so", "so now", "and now", "therefore", and others. A dictionary
or lexicon will indicate the specific nuance of this term in individual
contexts.
לֽוּ
----
This term is a :ref:`conditional<conjunction-conditional>` conjunction, similar to אִם but used only to
express hypothetical conditions. The word can also appear in the
alternate forms לוּא and לֻא. This conjunction either: 1) expresses a
condition that cannot (or probably will not) happen, usually translated
"if" in English; or 2) conveys a strong desire for something to happen
that cannot (or probably will not) be realized, usually translated "if
only" in English.
פֶּן
----
This term is also a :ref:`conditional<conjunction-conditional>` conjunction, and it expresses a certain
kind of hypothetical condition. The word can be used in two different
ways: either 1) in warnings to express a potential condition that will
take place if the warning is not heeded, usually translated "lest" in
English; or 2) to express the reason for a certain action to prevent a
possible condition from taking place, usually translated as "so
that...not" (or similar phrasing) in English.
.. _conditional-hypothetical:
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/conditional-hypothetical.rst
.. _contitional-actual:
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/conditional-actual.rst
.. _conjunction-restrictive:
רַק
----
The word רַק is the standard restrictive conjunction in Biblical Aramaic. A restrictive conjunction sets apart a clause or phrase
as unique within its context. Sometimes this restrictive function emphasizes a particular item as the most important or most
prominent; in these cases, the conjunction is similar in meaning to an :ref:`affirmative<conjunction-affirmative>` conjunction.
At other times, however, this restrictive function introduces a particular limitation to something previously expressed; in
these cases, this conjunction is similar in meaning to a :ref:`concessive<conjunction-concessive>` conjunction.
.. _conjunction-compound:
Compound conjunctions
---------------------
.. note:: Sometimes multiple conjunctions or particles appear
together but do NOT form a compound conjunction; in such cases, each
word retains its individual range of meanings. These instances must be
determined from the context. If in doubt, consult a dictionary or
lexicon for the exact meaning of any specific occurrence.
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/conjunction-restrictive.rst
.. _conjunction-concessive:
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/conditional-actual.rst
כִּי אִם
~~~~~~~~
Sometimes the words כִּי and אִם are paired together to form a compound conjunction that functions most often as a strong contrastive
or a strong concessive ("except"). In English, it is usually translated as "but",
"but if", or "except". It is recommended to always consult a dictionary
or lexicon for the exact meaning of any specific occurrence of this
compound conjunction.
.. _conjunction-compound:
Compound conjunctions
---------------------
.. include:: en_uhg/includes/notes/conjunction-compound.rst