diff --git a/content/particle_exhortation.rst b/content/particle_exhortation.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..173c664 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/particle_exhortation.rst @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_exhortation.rst + +.. _particle_exhortation: + +Particle Exhortation +==================== + +Summary +------- + +Exhortative particles strengthen the emotion of a command or request. + +Article +------- + +Exhortation :ref:`particles` are words that add emotive force to a command or request. These particles are similar to +:ref:`interjections` but function to strengthen a specific call to action, while an interjection is used +as a more general expression of emotion. Similar to :ref:`demonstrative` particles, exhortation particles +are sometime left untranslated, depending on the specific context. + +נָא +--- + +When used with a *command*, נָא is usually translated as "now" in English +(or left untranslated). + +.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 51:21 + + לָכֵ֛ן שִׁמְעִי־\ **נָ֥א** זֹ֖את + lakhen shim'i-\ **na** zoth + Therefore listen\_\ **now** this + But **now** hear this + +When used as part of a *request*, נָא is usually translated as "please" in +English (or left untranslated). + +.. csv-table:: Example: AMO 7:2 + + אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ סְֽלַֽח־נָ֔א + 'adonay yehwih selah-\ **na** + Lord Yahweh forgive\_\ **please** + "Lord Yahweh, **please** forgive" + +In some instances a translation with "now", "please", or "oh" is +possible, but not necessary. The emotive context of each attestation +must determine whether to render the word in translation or to leave it +untranslated. + +.. csv-table:: Example: JON 1:14 + + אַל־\ **נָ֣א** נֹאבְדָ֗ה + 'al-**na** novedah + not\_\ **now** let-us-perish + do not let us perish + +אָנָּא +------ + +This is a stronger and more emotive form of the particle נָא. The +two particles are sometimes paired together to express extreme urgency +or desperation, as in the example below. In some instances, this +particle could also be classified as an +:ref:`interjection`. + +.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 118:25 + + "אָנָּ֣א יְ֭הוָה הֹושִׁ֘יעָ֥ה **נָּ֑א אָֽנָּ֥א** יְ֝הוָ֗ה הַצְלִ֘יחָ֥ה + **נָּֽא**\ ׃" + **'onna** yehwah howshi'ah **na 'anna** yehwah hatslihah **na** + **Please** Yahweh give-help **oh please** Yahweh make-succeed **oh!** + "**Please**, Yahweh, give us victory\ **! Please**, Yahweh, give us + success\ **!**" + +בִּי +---- + +.. note:: This particle appears the same but should not be confused with the + preposition בְּ with 1st common singular :ref:`suffix_pronominal`. + +When paired with a vocative, the word בִּי strengthens the emotive force +of the statement that follows. It is used for addressing someone who is +superior. In English, it can be translated as "oh" or "pray" or +"please", etc. + +.. csv-table:: Example: 1KI 3:26 + + בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֗י תְּנוּ־לָהּ֙ אֶת־הַיָּל֣וּד הַחַ֔י + **bi** 'adoni tenu-lah 'eth-hayyalud hahay + **Oh** my-master give\_to-her [dir.obj]\_the-child living + "**Oh**, my master, give her the living child"