From 56d6636bdf4f43e984b1000c8dbf423acdb629ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Joel D. Ruark" Date: Mon, 3 Jan 2022 00:29:41 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Update 'content/number_plural.rst' --- content/number_plural.rst | 86 ++++----------------------------------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/number_plural.rst b/content/number_plural.rst index 7b1bfb3..4f2b22d 100644 --- a/content/number_plural.rst +++ b/content/number_plural.rst @@ -26,21 +26,25 @@ Nouns and adjectives :ref:`Masculine` plural nouns and adjectives usually end in ־ִים (hireq-yod + final mem). -.. csv-table:: Plural Noun Paradigm +.. csv-table:: Plural Paradigm for Nouns and Adjectives Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss masculine plural absolute,סוּסִים,susim,stallions masculine plural construct,סוּסֵי,suse,stallions of + masculine plural determined feminine plural absolute,סוּסוֹת,susoth,mares feminine plural construct,סוּסוֹת,susoth,mares of + feminine plural determined .. csv-table:: Plural Adjective Paradigm Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss masculine plural absolute,טוֹבִים,tovim,good masculine plural construct,טוֹבֵי,tove,good + masculine plural determined feminine plural absolute,טוֹבוֹת,tovoth,good feminine plural construct,טוֹבוֹת,tovoth,good + feminine plural determined Other terms ~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -52,7 +56,8 @@ kinds of changes that signal a plural form for :ref:`verbs`, independent : the :ref:`direct object marker` with a pronominal suffix, and :ref:`pronominal suffixes`. -.. csv-table:: Qal Suffix Conjugation Plural Forms +.. csv-table:: Pe'al Perfect Plural Forms + :header-rows: 1 Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss common plural first person,קָטַלְנוּ,qatalnu,we killed @@ -66,6 +71,7 @@ and :ref:`pronominal suffixes`. third person feminine plural,תִּקְטֹלְנָה,tiqtolenah,they will kill .. csv-table:: Independent Personal Pronoun Plural Forms + :header-rows: 1 Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss second person masculine plural,אַתֶּם,'attem,you @@ -73,15 +79,9 @@ and :ref:`pronominal suffixes`. third person masculine plural,הֵם / הֵמָּה,hem / hemmah,they third person feminine plural,הֵן / הֵנָּה,hen / hennah,they -.. csv-table:: Direct Object Marker with Pronominal Suffix Plural Forms - - Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss - second person masculine plural,אֹתְכֶֶם,'othekhem,you - second person feminine plural,אֹתְכֶֶן,'thekhem,you - third person masculine plural,אֶתְהֶם / אֹתָם,'ethhem / 'otham,them - third person feminine plural,אֶתְהֶן / אֹתָן,'ethhen / 'othan,them .. csv-table:: Pronominal Suffix Plural Forms + :header-rows: 1 Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss second person masculine plural,לָכֶם / -כֶם,lakhem / -khem,(to) you @@ -95,82 +95,14 @@ Function :ref:`Nouns` marked as plural ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -.. _number_plural-common: - -Common Plural -^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -The common plural expresses more than one of a thing. - - - -The term אֲלֹהִים can function as a common plural, but it most often functions as a :ref:`majestic` -plural (see example below). - - - -.. _number_plural-complex: - -Complex Plural -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -Some nouns can be singular or plural even though they appear in plural form. For example, the term שָׁמַיִם can be translated into -English as "heaven" or "heavens", and the term מַיִם can be translated in English as "water" or waters", depending on the context. - - - -Biblical Aramaic can use the plural form for actions that have multiple processes or an action involving a collective noun -(see example Gen 4:10 below, "bloods" = "bloodshed"). - - - -.. _number_plural-majestic: - -Majestic Plural -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -The plural form can also express a collective, intensive or superlative sense of a singular item (or kind of item). -For example, the noun אֲלֹהִים (God) appears in the plural form but usually refers to the singular entity "God". - - - -.. _number_plural-abstract: - -Abstract Plural -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -Some plural nouns in Biblical Aramaic are translated as singular in other -languages. In English, abstract plurals are often singular and have -endings like -ness, -hood, and -ship. - - - :ref:`Adjectives` marked as plural ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Generally, plural adjectives (also :ref:`active` and :ref:`passive` -adjectival participles) use the :ref:`common plural`. - - - :ref:`Verbs` marked as plural ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -A :ref:`finite verb` and/or :ref:`verbal participle` in plural form -indicates that the subject of the verb is plural. - - - Participles marked as plural ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Participles in plural form can generally use the common plural, but not always. A verbal participle in plural form indicates -that the subject of the participle is plural. - - - Personal :ref:`pronouns` and :ref:`suffixes` marked as plural ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Generally, pronouns and suffixes use the :ref:`common plural`. -