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raglay_2021_rgs_rlt_1th_book/.apps/translationCore/index/translationNotes/1th/figs-metaphor.json

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[
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here Paul speaks figuratively of the believers as though they were occupying space inside of God and Jesus. This metaphor expresses the idea that believers are spiritually united to God and Jesus. If this might be misunderstood in your language, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “united to God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ” or “sharing life with God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 1,
"verse": 1
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Θεῷ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Πατρὶ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καὶ",
"occurrence": 3
},
{
"word": "Κυρίῳ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Ἰησοῦ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Χριστῷ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐν Θεῷ Πατρὶ καὶ Κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ",
"glQuote": "Paul and Silvanus and Timothy to the church",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Throughout this letter, **brothers** is a metaphor meaning “fellow Christians” or “fellow believers in Christ.” If your readers would not understand what **brothers** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 1,
"verse": 4
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": "ἀδελφοὶ",
"quoteString": "ἀδελφοὶ",
"glQuote": "brothers",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, **has been sounded out** uses a metaphor of a ringing bell or resounding instrument that can be heard from far away to describe how clearly and far the news of the Thessalonians’ faithfulness to God has spread throughout the world. If this might be misunderstood in your language, use an equivalent metaphor, or use plain language. Alternate translation: “has shone forth” or “has spread far and wide” or “has been heard” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 1,
"verse": 8
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": "ἐξήχηται",
"quoteString": "ἐξήχηται",
"glQuote": "has been sounded out",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, **your faith toward God has gone out** is a metaphor that pictures **faith** as something that can travel. This metaphor has the same meaning as the previous one about the sound of a bell going out. It means that the news of the Thessalonians’ faithfulness to God has spread very far. If this might be misunderstood in your language, use an equivalent metaphor, or use plain language. Alternate translation: “people have heard about your faith toward God in every place” or “news of your trust in God has been heard in every place” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 1,
"verse": 8
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 3
},
{
"word": "παντὶ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τόπῳ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἡ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "πίστις",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὑμῶν",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "ἡ",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "πρὸς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τὸν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Θεὸν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἐξελήλυθεν",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἐξελήλυθεν",
"glQuote": "",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of the Thessalonian believers as if they had been facing toward their idols and then turned around to face toward God. He means that they no longer worship idols, but now they worship God. If this metaphor might be misunderstood in your language, use an equivalent metaphor from your culture or express this meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “you started worshiping God and left the idols behind” or “you abandoned the idols so that you could worship God” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 1,
"verse": 9
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐπεστρέψατε",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "πρὸς",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "τὸν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Θεὸν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἀπὸ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τῶν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "εἰδώλων",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐπεστρέψατε πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἀπὸ τῶν εἰδώλων",
"glQuote": "you turned to God from the idols to serve the living and true God",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of **wrath** as though it were something that could travel and is **coming** to where people are. He means by this that in the future an event will happen when God will act wrathfully against people who have sinned and who have not trusted in Jesus to forgive their sins. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this plainly. Alternate translation: “God’s judgment that will happen” or “when God will punish people for sin” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 1,
"verse": 10
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "τῆς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὀργῆς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τῆς",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "ἐρχομένης",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "τῆς ὀργῆς τῆς ἐρχομένης",
"glQuote": "",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Throughout this letter, **brothers** is a metaphor meaning “fellow Christians” or “fellow believers in Christ” (See [1:4](rc://en/ult/book/1th/01/04)). If your readers would not understand what **brothers** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 2,
"verse": 1
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": "ἀδελφοί",
"quoteString": "ἀδελφοί",
"glQuote": "brothers",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, **pretext** figuratively expresses the idea of people with greedy motives by comparing them to people wearing a mask or a disguise to cover up their evil intent. If the concept of a masking or disguising would not communicate a covering of true motives, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “disguising greedy intent” or “trying to hide greed” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 2,
"verse": 5
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "προφάσει",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "πλεονεξίας",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐν προφάσει πλεονεξίας",
"glQuote": "",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "The apostles are appealing to God to validate their gospel message and personal motives. They figuratively speak as if they are summoning God as a witness to testify on their behalf before a judge. If your readers would not understand what **God {is} witness** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “We swear to/by God!” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 2,
"verse": 5
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "(",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Θεὸς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "μάρτυς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": ")",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "(Θεὸς μάρτυς)",
"glQuote": "",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of the apostles as if they were a heavy weight or pack. He means that if they wanted to, they could impose their apostolic authority in a way that could seem oppressive to the Thessalonian church. If your readers would not understand what **burden** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation, “although we could impose our authority” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 2,
"verse": 7
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "δυνάμενοι",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "βάρει",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "εἶναι",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "δυνάμενοι ἐν βάρει εἶναι",
"glQuote": "",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, **became little children in the midst of you** is a metaphor indicating how gently the apostles treated the Thessalonian church. You could translate this with an active form, using a simile. Alternate translation: “we acted as mild as infants when we visited you” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 2,
"verse": 7
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐγενήθημεν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "νήπιοι",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "μέσῳ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὑμῶν",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐγενήθημεν νήπιοι ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν",
"glQuote": "",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul uses **our own souls** to speak figuratively of the apostles’ bodies or their life. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “our own selves” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 2,
"verse": 8
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "τὰς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἑαυτῶν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ψυχάς",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "τὰς ἑαυτῶν ψυχάς",
"glQuote": "we were pleased to impart to you not only the gospel of God but also our own souls",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of the apostles as if they were a heavy weight or pack (See note at [2:7](rc://en/ult/book/1th/02/07)). Alternative translation, “so that none of you would have to financially support us” or “so that we would not impose on anyone” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 2,
"verse": 9
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "πρὸς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τὸ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "μὴ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἐπιβαρῆσαί",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τινα",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὑμῶν",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἐπιβαρῆσαί τινα ὑμῶν",
"glQuote": "",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "The apostles are appealing to the Thessalonian church and God to validate their gospel message and personal motives (See also [2:5](rc://en/ult/book/1th/02/05)). They figuratively speak as if they are summoning both the church and God as a witness to testify on their behalf before a judge. If your readers would not understand what this phrase means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “You are our witnesses, as well as God himself” or “As well as God, you could personally testify” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 2,
"verse": 10
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ὑμεῖς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "μάρτυρες",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καὶ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὁ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Θεός",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ὑμεῖς μάρτυρες καὶ ὁ Θεός",
"glQuote": "",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, **to walk** is a metaphor that means “to live.” If your readers would not understand what it means **to walk** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “to habitually live” or “for you to continue to live” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 2,
"verse": 12
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "εἰς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τὸ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "περιπατεῖν",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "εἰς τὸ περιπατεῖν",
"glQuote": "",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, Paul speaks figuratively of the churches of God **in Christ Jesus** as though they were occupying space inside Jesus. This metaphor expresses the idea that believers are spiritually united to God and Jesus (See also [1:1](rc://en/ult/book/1th/01/01)). Here, it also highlights the communion that Thessalonian believers **in Christ Jesus** have with Judean believers **in Christ Jesus** through the Holy Trinity. If this might be misunderstood in your language, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation, “who are united to Jesus Christ” or “who share life with Jesus Christ” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 2,
"verse": 14
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "Χριστῷ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Ἰησοῦ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ",
"glQuote": "",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of the Jews’ sins as if they fill a container. He means that these Jews sin so much and so extremely that they can never escape God’s **wrath**. If your readers would not understand what it means to **to always fill up** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “causing them to always reach the limit of their sinfulness” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 2,
"verse": 16
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "εἰς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τὸ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἀναπληρῶσαι",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "αὐτῶν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τὰς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἁμαρτίας",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "πάντοτε",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "εἰς τὸ ἀναπληρῶσαι αὐτῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας πάντοτε",
"glQuote": "to always fill up their own sins",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, the metaphors **our brother** and **servant** refer to **Timothy** as a fellow apostle (See [2:6](rc://en/ult/book/1th/02/06)). If your readers would not understand what **brother** or **servant** mean in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “he assists us and ministers for God in the preaching of the gospel about Christ” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 3,
"verse": 2
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "τὸν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἀδελφὸν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἡμῶν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": ",",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "καὶ",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "διάκονον",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τοῦ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Θεοῦ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἡμῶν, καὶ διάκονον τοῦ Θεοῦ",
"glQuote": "our brother and a servant",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of the Thessalonian church as though they were occupying space inside the Lord Jesus. Here, this metaphor, **in the Lord**, could express these ideas: (1) devotion to Jesus. Alternate translation: “you are really devoted to the Lord Jesus” (2) relationship with Jesus. Alternate translation: “you are truly standing firm in your relationship with the Lord Jesus” (3) union with Jesus. Alternate translation: “all of you are firmly united to the Lord Jesus” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 3,
"verse": 8
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ὑμεῖς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "στήκετε",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Κυρίῳ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ὑμεῖς στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ",
"glQuote": "if you stand firm in the Lord",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "With the phrase **give back**, Paul speaks figuratively of the apostles as if they owe God a debt for the sake of the Thessalonian church’s faithfulness. Paul means that the apostles cannot adequately express how thankful they are. If your readers would not understand what it means to **give back** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “Because, how could we possibly show how grateful we are to God for you” or “Indeed, what kind of thanksgiving for you could we give to God” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 3,
"verse": 9
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "τίνα",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "γὰρ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "εὐχαριστίαν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "δυνάμεθα",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τῷ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Θεῷ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἀνταποδοῦναι",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "περὶ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὑμῶν",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "τίνα γὰρ εὐχαριστίαν δυνάμεθα τῷ Θεῷ ἀνταποδοῦναι περὶ ὑμῶν",
"glQuote": "before our God",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively about God as if he were a pilot or captain of a ship. Paul means that he wants God to allow the apostles to visit the Thessalonian church again. If your readers would not understand what **direct our way to you** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “quickly bring us to you” or “direct our voyage so that we can visit you” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 3,
"verse": 11
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "κατευθύναι",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τὴν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὁδὸν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἡμῶν",
"occurrence": 3
},
{
"word": "πρὸς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὑμᾶς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": ".",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "κατευθύναι τὴν ὁδὸν ἡμῶν πρὸς ὑμᾶς.",
"glQuote": "may … direct our way to you",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of **love** as something that can be quantified or measured. He means that he hopes the Thessalonian church will keep loving people well. If your readers would not understand what **in love** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “in the way you love” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 3,
"verse": 12
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "τῇ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἀγάπῃ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "τῇ ἀγάπῃ",
"glQuote": "may the Lord make you increase and abound in love",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of the people of the Thessalonian church as if they have one heart that is like a building that can be established or supported. He means that he wants God to increase their willpower or affections so that they would remain faithful to God. If your readers would not understand what this phrase means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “to establish your affections” or “to strengthen your will” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 3,
"verse": 13
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "εἰς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τὸ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "στηρίξαι",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὑμῶν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τὰς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καρδίας",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "εἰς τὸ στηρίξαι ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας",
"glQuote": "to strengthen your hearts, blameless",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively as if the apostles are occupying space inside of **the Lord Jesus**. Here, the metaphor expresses the idea that the apostles represent Jesus himself like ambassadors who possess a king’s authority. If your readers would not understand what **in the Lord** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “with our authority from the Lord Jesus” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 4,
"verse": 1
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Κυρίῳ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Ἰησοῦ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐν Κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ",
"glQuote": "we beg and exhort you",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, **to walk** is a metaphor that means “to live” or “to obey” (See [2:12](rc://en/ult/book/1th/02/12)). If your readers would not understand what it means **to walk** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “about how you must live” or “about how you are obligated to obey” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 4,
"verse": 1
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "τὸ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "πῶς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "δεῖ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὑμᾶς",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "περιπατεῖν",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "τὸ πῶς δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν",
"glQuote": "it is necessary for you to walk",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of the **commands** that the apostles gave to the Thessalonian church as though **Jesus** personally told them to the apostles. Paul means that **Jesus** made the apostles his messengers, not that **Jesus** is a messenger of the apostles. If your readers would not understand what **through the Lord Jesus** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “through a message from the Lord Jesus” or “by order of the Lord Jesus himself” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 4,
"verse": 2
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "διὰ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τοῦ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Κυρίου",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Ἰησοῦ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ",
"glQuote": "through the Lord Jesus",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here Paul speaks figuratively of a person’s body as if it were a container. Here, **to possess his own vessel** is a metaphor that compares sexual self-control to a proper use of a container. If your readers would not understand what this phrase means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. It could refer to: (1) a wife’s body. Alternate translation: “to use his wife’s body” or “to properly care for his own wife” (2) a husband’s own body. Alternate translation: “to control his own body” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 4,
"verse": 4
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "τὸ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἑαυτοῦ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "σκεῦος",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": ",",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "κτᾶσθαι",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκεῦος, κτᾶσθαι",
"glQuote": "to know to possess his own vessel",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, **transgress and exploit** speaks figuratively about adultery, by comparing it to a person who unlawfully enters someone’s property and claims it for their own. If your readers would not understand what it means to **transgress and exploit** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation, “must trespass and defraud” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 4,
"verse": 6
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ὑπερβαίνειν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καὶ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "πλεονεκτεῖν",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ὑπερβαίνειν καὶ πλεονεκτεῖν",
"glQuote": "transgress and wrong",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, **in this matter** could be speaking figuratively of adultery as if someone is intruding in another person’s business matters. If your readers would not understand what **in this matter** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “the marital matters of his fellow believer in Christ” or “the marriage relationship of another believer in Christ” or (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 4,
"verse": 6
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τῷ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "πράγματι",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τὸν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἀδελφὸν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "αὐτοῦ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐν τῷ πράγματι τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ",
"glQuote": "the Lord is an avenger",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of the Thessalonian church as though God himself were physically present as their teacher. Paul means that the Thessalonian church already has been taught **to love one another** through the words of Jesus (See John 13:34; 15:12, 17) by the apostles. If your readers would not understand what it means to be **taught by God** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “because you have learned well what God teaches,” or “since this is what God teaches you to do,” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 4,
"verse": 9
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "αὐτοὶ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "γὰρ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὑμεῖς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "θεοδίδακτοί",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἐστε",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "αὐτοὶ γὰρ ὑμεῖς θεοδίδακτοί ἐστε",
"glQuote": "brotherly love",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, **to walk** is a metaphor that means “to live” or “behave.” If your readers would not understand what it means **to walk** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “you would live appropriately” or “you would live nobly” or “you would behave modestly” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 4,
"verse": 12
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "περιπατῆτε",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "εὐσχημόνως",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "περιπατῆτε εὐσχημόνως",
"glQuote": "you may walk properly",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of these people as if they were physically located outside of an area. He means that they are not part of the Christian community. If your readers would not understand what “before those outside” means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “in the presence of non-Christians” or “in front of those who do not trust in Christ” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 4,
"verse": 12
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "πρὸς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τοὺς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἔξω",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "πρὸς τοὺς ἔξω",
"glQuote": "before those outside",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here Paul speaks figuratively about **the dead** as though they were occupying space inside **Christ**. This metaphor expresses the idea that believers are spiritually united to **Christ** (See also [2:14](rc://en/ult/book/1th/02/14)). Here, it also highlights the communion that living Thessalonian believers **in Christ** have with the believers **in Christ** who have died. If this might be misunderstood in your language, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “who are united to Jesus Christ” or “who share life with Jesus Christ” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 4,
"verse": 16
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 4
},
{
"word": "Χριστῷ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐν Χριστῷ",
"glQuote": "the dead in Christ will rise first",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of these people as if they actually live in place without light. He means that they are unaware or unprepared for the Lord’s return because they are living sinfully. If your readers would not understand what it means to be **in darkness** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “are not unprepared” or “are not living sinfully” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 4
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "οὐκ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἐστὲ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "σκότει",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "οὐκ ἐστὲ ἐν σκότει",
"glQuote": "are not in darkness",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, Paul speaks figuratively about the idiom “the **day** of the Lord” in [5:2](rc://en/ult/book/1th/05/02), by contrasting **the day** with **darkness**. He means that because the Thessalonian church is not unaware of “the **day** of the Lord,” they will not be unprepared, like people who live **in darkness**. If your readers would not understand what **the day** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation, “the day of the Lord” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 4
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἡ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἡμέρα",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἡ ἡμέρα",
"glQuote": "For you are all sons of the light and sons of the day",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of “the **day** of the Lord” as if it were a thief who surprises a person. He means that “the **day** of the Lord” will come suddenly for those who are unprepared (See “sudden destruction” in [5:3](rc://en/ult/book/1th/05/03)). If your readers would not understand what this phrase means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation: “making you unprepared, like when a robber breaks in at night” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 4
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἵνα",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἡ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἡμέρα",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὑμᾶς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὡς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "κλέπτας",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καταλάβῃ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἵνα ἡ ἡμέρα ὑμᾶς ὡς κλέπτας καταλάβῃ",
"glQuote": "For you are all sons of the light and sons of the day",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of the Thessalonian church as if the **light** and **day** were their physical parents. He means that the Thessalonian church members are God’s spiritual children who are characterized by spiritual readiness. If your readers would not understand what it means to be **sons of the light and sons of the day** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “This is because all of you who belong to God are ready for Christ’s coming” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 5
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "πάντες",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "γὰρ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὑμεῖς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "υἱοὶ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "φωτός",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἐστε",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": ",",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καὶ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "υἱοὶ",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "ἡμέρας",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε, καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας",
"glQuote": "For you are all sons of the light and sons of the day",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Again, Paul speaks figuratively of these people as if they actually live in a place without light. He means that they are unaware or unprepared for the Lord’s return because they are living sinfully (See [5:4](rc://en/ult/book/1th/05/04)). If your readers would not understand what it means to be **of the night** or **of the darkness** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “We are not unprepared like those at night or those who live in the darkness, ” or “We are not characterized by being spiritually ignorant” or “We do not live like those who are characterized by sinful activities” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 5
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "οὐκ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἐσμὲν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "νυκτὸς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "οὐδὲ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "σκότους",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "οὐκ ἐσμὲν νυκτὸς οὐδὲ σκότους",
"glQuote": "We are not of the night nor of the darkness",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here Paul speaks figuratively about the people “of the night” and “of the darkness” are if they are sleeping. He means that they are unaware or unprepared for the Lord’s return because they are living sinfully (See notes for “darkness” at [5:4-5](rc://en/ult/book/1th/05/04)). If your readers would not understand what it means to **sleep** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “we must not be unprepared like non-Christians” or “let us not be like the rest of humanity, who are not aware that Jesus is coming back” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 6
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "μὴ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καθεύδωμεν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὡς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "οἱ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "λοιποί",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "μὴ καθεύδωμεν ὡς οἱ λοιποί",
"glQuote": "we might keep watch and be sober",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, Paul speaks figuratively of Christians as if they are watch guards. He means that they should be aware and be prepared for the Lord’s return by living as God’s people should live. If your readers would not understand what it means to **keep watch** or **be sober** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternate translation: “instead, we must stay spiritually alert and prepared” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 6
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "γρηγορῶμεν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καὶ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "νήφωμεν",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "γρηγορῶμεν καὶ νήφωμεν",
"glQuote": "we might not sleep",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here again, like in [5:6](rc://en/ult/book/1th/05/06), Paul speaks figuratively as if these people are actually sleeping, or it is night time. He means that these people are spiritually unprepared or unaware or even sinful (See also notes at [5:2,4](rc://en/ult/book/1th/05/02)). If your readers would not understand what **sleep** and **night** mean in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “Those who are sleeping are unaware” or “Certainly those who are asleep are unprepared” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 7
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "οἱ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "γὰρ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καθεύδοντες",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": ",",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "νυκτὸς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καθεύδουσιν",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "οἱ γὰρ καθεύδοντες, νυκτὸς καθεύδουσιν",
"glQuote": "For those who are sleeping, sleep at night",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively as if these people are actually drunk, or it is night time. He means that these people are spiritually unprepared or unaware or sinful. If your readers would not understand what **getting drunk** or **night** mean in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “those who are drunk are unprepared” or “those who are drunk are unaware” or “those who drink too much alcohol tend to drink at night” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 7
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "οἱ",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "μεθυσκόμενοι",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": ",",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "νυκτὸς",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "μεθύουσιν",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "οἱ μεθυσκόμενοι, νυκτὸς μεθύουσιν",
"glQuote": "those who are getting drunk, get drunk at night",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of Christians as if they are actually a part of the day time. He means that they are characterized by spiritual readiness for the Lord’s return. If your readers would not understand what it means to be **of the day** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “Now, because we are ready for Christ’s coming, we” or “Since we are characterized by being ready, we” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 8
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἡμεῖς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "δὲ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἡμέρας",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὄντες",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἡμεῖς δὲ ἡμέρας ὄντες",
"glQuote": "we, being of the day",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of Christians as if they are soldiers. He means that just as a soldier must equip himself with armor in order to be ready to fight, so Christians must prepare themselves for the Second Coming of Christ with the spiritual protection of **faith**, **love**, and **hope** (See also [Ephesians 6:10-18,23](rc://en/ult/book/eph/06/10)). If your readers would not understand what these phrases mean in this context, you could use equivalent metaphors from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 8
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐνδυσάμενοι",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "θώρακα",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "πίστεως",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καὶ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἀγάπης",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": ",",
"occurrence": 3
},
{
"word": "καὶ",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "περικεφαλαίαν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": ",",
"occurrence": 4
},
{
"word": "ἐλπίδα",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "σωτηρίας",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐνδυσάμενοι θώρακα πίστεως καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ περικεφαλαίαν, ἐλπίδα σωτηρίας",
"glQuote": "having put on the breastplate of faith and of love",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of these people as if they were physically **awake or asleep**. He means that they are “alive or dead” (See [4:14–17](rc://en/ult/book/1th/04/14)). If your readers would not understand what it means to be **awake or asleep** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “whether we are living or even if we are dead” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 10
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "εἴτε",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "γρηγορῶμεν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "εἴτε",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "καθεύδωμεν",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "εἴτε γρηγορῶμεν εἴτε καθεύδωμεν",
"glQuote": "whether we might be awake or asleep",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively as if the leaders of the church at Thessalonica were occupying space inside of **the Lord**. Here, the metaphor expresses the idea that these men represent Jesus himself in their leadership role in the Thessalonian church (See also [4:1](rc://en/ult/book/1th/04/01). If your readers would not understand what **in the Lord** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “with authority from the Lord Jesus” or “as spokespersons for the Lord Jesus” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 12
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "Κυρίῳ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐν Κυρίῳ",
"glQuote": "leading you in the Lord",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively as if the Thessalonian church is occupying space inside of **love**. He is describing how they should show honor to their leaders. If your readers would not understand what **in love** means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Here, **in love** could refer to: (1) the means of love. Alternate translation: “by loving them” (2) the basis for love. Alternate translation: “on the basis of your love for them” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 13
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἀγάπῃ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐν ἀγάπῃ",
"glQuote": "to regard them highly in love because of their work",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of **evil** as if it were goods or money that could be exchanged. He means that if a someone treats you badly, you should not respond in the same way. If your readers would not understand what it means to **pay back evil for evil** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “treats anyone wrongly because they treated you wrongly” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 15
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "κακὸν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἀντὶ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "κακοῦ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τινι",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ἀποδῷ",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ τινι ἀποδῷ",
"glQuote": "to regard them highly in love because of their work",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Here, Paul speaks figuratively of **the will of God** as though it were occupying space inside **Christ Jesus**. This metaphor means that the way God desires his people to live is inseparable from being united to **Christ Jesus** (See also [2:14](rc://en/ult/book/1th/02/14)). If this might be misunderstood in your language, you could express the meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternative translation, “for those of you who are united to Jesus Christ” or “for all of you who share life with Jesus Christ” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 18
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "ἐν",
"occurrence": 2
},
{
"word": "Χριστῷ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Ἰησοῦ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "εἰς",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "ὑμᾶς",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ εἰς ὑμᾶς",
"glQuote": "for this is the will of God",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of **the** Holy **Spirit** as if he is fire that can be extinguished. Paul means that the Thessalonian church must not hinder the work of the Holy **Spirit**, especially by despising prophecies (See [5:20](rc://en/ult/book/1th/05/20)). If your readers would not understand what it means to **quench** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “Do not extinguish the Spirit” or “Do not reject the Spirit” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 19
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "τὸ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "Πνεῦμα",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "μὴ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "σβέννυτε",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "τὸ Πνεῦμα μὴ σβέννυτε",
"glQuote": "Do not quench the Spirit",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "This could mean: (1) Paul is beginning a general list of things that the Thessalonians should **Test** and **Hold fast** if they are **good**. (2) Paul is continuing to refer to the prophesies in the previous verse, and he wants the Thessalonians to **Test** those and **Hold fast** to the prophesies that are truly from God.",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 21
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "πάντα",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "δοκιμάζετε",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": ";",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "τὸ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καλὸν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "κατέχετε",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "πάντα δοκιμάζετε; τὸ καλὸν κατέχετε",
"glQuote": "Test all things",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively as if the Thessalonians could make **all things** pass a test. This could mean: (1) they should examine everything they hear and do to make sure it conforms to what honors God. Alternate translation: “Carefully examine everything you hear and do” (2) they should examine and approve prophecies to determine whether or not they are genuinely from the Holy Spirit (See [2:4](rc://en/ult/book/1th/02/04) for a similar context)). Alternate translation: “examine and approve all prophecies” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 21
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "πάντα",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "δοκιμάζετε",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "πάντα δοκιμάζετε",
"glQuote": "Test all things",
"occurrence": 1
}
},
{
"comments": false,
"reminders": false,
"selections": false,
"verseEdits": true,
"nothingToSelect": false,
"contextId": {
"occurrenceNote": "Paul speaks figuratively of **good** things as if they were objects that someone could hold tightly in his hands. He means that the Thessalonian church should only believe and practice things that prove to be from the Holy Spirit. If your readers would not understand what it means to **hold fast to what {is} good** in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express Paul’s meaning in a non-figurative way. Alternate translation: “Keep only the valid things” or “Retain what is from the Spirit” (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))",
"reference": {
"bookId": "1th",
"chapter": 5,
"verse": 21
},
"tool": "translationNotes",
"groupId": "figs-metaphor",
"quote": [
{
"word": "τὸ",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "καλὸν",
"occurrence": 1
},
{
"word": "κατέχετε",
"occurrence": 1
}
],
"quoteString": "τὸ καλὸν κατέχετε",
"glQuote": "Test all things",
"occurrence": 1
}
}
]
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