diff --git a/UGG Bibliography.md b/UGG Bibliography.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8732074 --- /dev/null +++ b/UGG Bibliography.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# Bibliography + +Black, David Alan. *Learn to Read New Testament Greek*. 3rd ed. Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2009. + +Black, David Alan. *It’s Still Greek to Me: An Easy-to-Understand Guide to Intermediate Greek*. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1998. + +Buttmann, Alexander. *A Grammar of the New Testament Greek*. Andover: Warren F. Draper, 1891. + +Caragounis, Chrys C. *The Development of Greek and the New Testament: Morphology, Syntax, Phonology, and Textual Transmission. *Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2004. + +Davis, William Hersey. *Beginner’s Grammar of the Greek New Testament*. Revised and expanded edition. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2005. + +Decker, Rodney J. *Reading Koine Greek: An Introduction and Integrated Workbook. *Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2014. + +Dionysios Thrax. *The Grammar of Dionysios Thrax. *Translated by Thomas Davidson. St. Louis: R. P. Studley, 1874. + +Fanning, Buist M. *Verbal Aspect in New Testament Greek*. Oxford Theological Monographs. Oxford: Clarendon, 1990. + +Farrar, Frederic W. *A Brief Greek Syntax and Hints on Greek Accidence. *London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1867. + +Groton, Anne H. *From Alpha to Omega: A Beginning Course in Classical Greek.* Fourth Edition. Newburyport, MA: Focus Publishing, 2013. + +Harvey, John D. *Greek Is Good Grief: Laying the Foundation for Exegesis and Exposition.* Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2007. + +Heiser, Michael S., and Vincent M. Setterholm*. Glossary of Morpho-Syntactic Database Terminology*. Lexham Press, 2013; 2013. + +Jannaris, Antonius N. *An Historical Greek Grammar: Chiefly of the Attic Dialect as Written and Spoken from Classical Antiquity Down to the Present Time.* London: MacMillan & Co., 1897. + +Long, Fredrick J. *Kairos: A Beginning Greek Grammar*. Mishawaka, IN: Fredrick J. Long, 2005. + +Long, Gary A. *Grammatical Concepts 101 for Biblical Greek: Learning Biblical Greek Grammatical Concepts through English Grammar. *Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 2006. + +Moulton, James Hope. *An Introduction to the Study of New Testament Greek*. London: Charles H. Kelly, 1895. + +Mounce, William D. *Basics of Biblical Greek: Grammar*. Edited by Verlyn D. Verbrugge. Third Edition. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009. + +Mounce, William D. *Biblical Greek: A Compact Guide*. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2011. + +Nunn, H. P. V. *The Elements of New Testament Greek.* Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1923. + +Porter, Stanley E.* Idioms of the Greek New Testament.* Sheffield: JSOT, 1999. + +Porter, Stanley E., Jeffrey T. Reed, and Matthew Brook O’Donnell. *Fundamentals of New Testament Greek.* Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010. + +Robertson, A. T. *A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research.* Logos Bible Software, 2006. + +Sophocles, E. A. A* Greek Grammar, for the Use of Learners*. Ninth Edition. Hartford: H. Huntington, 1844. + +Summers, Ray, and Thomas Sawyer. *Essentials of New Testament Greek*. Rev. ed. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 1995. + +Wallace, Daniel B. *Greek Grammar beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament*. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1996. + +Zerwick, Max. *Biblical Greek Illustrated by Examples. *Vol. 114. English ed., adapted from the fourth Latin ed. Scripta Pontificii Instituti Biblici. Rome: Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 1963. diff --git a/content/adverb/01.md b/content/adverb/01.md index c67c59d..2386ac7 100644 --- a/content/adverb/01.md +++ b/content/adverb/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ An **adverb** is a part of speech which modifies a verb, an adjective or another Ἐχάρην δὲ ἐν κυρίῳ **μεγάλως** (Php 4:10) -And I rejoice in the Lord **greatly** \ No newline at end of file +And I rejoice in the Lord **greatly** + diff --git a/content/article/01.md b/content/article/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index ac9eac7..0000000 --- a/content/article/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -# article Glossary -A part of speech modifying a nominal, often by identifying, limiting or specifying something about that nominal, or to indicate that it is definite. - -Ὡς δὲ ἔμελλον **αἱ** ἑπτὰ ἡμέραι συντελεῖσθαι, (Act 21:27) - -Now when **the** seven days were almost over \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/content/article/02.md b/content/article/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 124665d..0000000 --- a/content/article/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,135 +0,0 @@ -# article Article -###Beginner's - -The article must always agree in case, number and gender with the noun it modifies. - -The **article** can have the following functions: - -1. It can indicate that the noun is *definite* or *specific*. - - Ὡς δὲ ἔμελλον **αἱ** ἑπτὰ ἡμέραι συντελεῖσθαι, (Act 21:27) - - Now when **the** seven days were almost over - -1. It can indicate a *category*, rather than a specific person or item. - - ἄξιος γὰρ **ὁ ἐργάτης** τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ (Luk 10:7) - - for **the laborer** is worthy of his wages (This is a general principle applying to *all* laborers [the entire category].) - -1. An adjective can have an article to show that it functions nominally (i.e., as a noun) - - σὺν **τοῖς ἁγίοις** πᾶσιν (2Co 1:1) - - with all **the saints** (lit., "the holy) - -1. A participle can have an article to show that it functions nominally (i.e., as a noun). - - ἔρχεται **ὁ** ἰσχυρότερός μου ὀπίσω μου, (Mrk 1:7) - - **one who is stronger** than me is coming after me, - -1. The article can be used alone like a personal pronoun. - - **οἱ** δὲ ἐξ ἐριθείας °τὸν Χριστὸν καταγγέλλουσιν (Php 1:17) - - But **they** from envy preach Christ. - -1. The article can be used like a possessive pronoun. - - τί γὰρ οἶδας, γύναι, εἰ **τὸν** ἄνδρα σώσεις; (1Co 7:16) - - For how do you know, woman, if you will save **your** husband? - -1. The article can be used like a relative pronoun. - - οὕτως γὰρ ἐδίωξαν τοὺς προφήτας **τοὺς** πρὸ ὑμῶν (Mat 5:12) - - For thus they persecuted the prophets **who** were before you - -1. *Personal names* often have the article (which often will not be translated). - - Τότε παραγίνεται **ὁ Ἰησοῦς** ἀπὸ **τῆς Γαλιλαίας** ἐπὶ **τὸν Ἰορδάνην** πρὸς **τὸν Ἰωάννην** (Mat 3:13) - - Then **Jesus** came from **Galilee** to **the Jordan** to **John** - -1. The article can be used with infinitives and indicate temporality. - - καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν **τῷ** σπείρειν ὃ μὲν ἔπεσεν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν (Mar 4:4) - - and it happened **when he sowed** (lit. in **the** to sow), some fell by the roadside - -1. The article can be used with infinitives to indicate the subject of the action which is given in the accusative. (It is sometimes called an *accusative of general reference*). - - ἐπεθύμησα τοῦτο τὸ πάσχα φαγεῖν μεθʼ ὑμῶν πρὸ **τοῦ** με παθεῖν· (Luk 22:15) - - I desired to eat this Passover with you before **I suffer** (lit. before **the** me to suffer). (The idea is that the suffering has reference to "me", i.e. Christ). - -1. If two substantives are joined by the verb εἰμί (*to be*), the one with the article is the subject and the one without the article is the predicate. - - καὶ θεὸς ἦν **ὁ λόγος** (Jhn 1:1) - - and **the Word** was God - - ###Intermediate - -1. The article can be used to refer back to something previously referenced. This is called *anaphoric* (meaning "refers to again"). - - πόθεν οὖν ἔχεις **τὸ** ὕδωρ **τὸ** ζῶν; (Jhn 4:11) - - Where, then, do you get **that** living water? (referring back to ὕδωρ ζῶν in 4:10) - -1. The article can be used like a demonstrative pronoun. This is called *deictic* (meaning "pointing"). - - ἰδοὺ **ὁ** ἄνθρωπος. (Jhn 19:5) - - "Behold, **the** man! (meaning "this man", standing here) - - -1. The article can be used to indicate that a substantive is the very best (or worst) of its kind, or *"in a class by itself"*. This is called *par excellence*. - - **ὁ** προφήτης εἶ σύ; (Jhn 1:21) - - Are you **the** Prophet? (referring to the prophet which Moses said would come after him [Deu 18:15, 18]) - -1. The article can be used to indicate that a substantive is *unique*. This is called *monadic* (meaning "one of a kind"). (This is very similar to the previous usage and thus there is debate over which usages are *par excellence* and which are *monadic*.) - - καὶ ἀκριβέστερον αὐτῷ ἐξέθεντο **τὴν** ὁδὸν τοῦ θεοῦ (Act 18:26) - - and more clearly explained to him **the** way of God - - ###Advanced - -1. In the construction ὁ δέ or ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ, the article indicates a change of subject and is used as a third person personal pronoun in the nominative (e.g., *he*, *she*, *they*). - - **ὁ δὲ** ἔφη αὐτοῖς Ἐχθρὸς ἄνθρωπος τοῦτο ἐποίησεν. **οἱ δὲ** αὐτῷ λέγουσιν ... **ὁ δέ** φησιν· (Matt. 13:28-29) - - **and he** said to them, "An enemy has done this." **And they** said to him ... **and he** said - -1. Similarly, in the construction ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ when the article is nominative, a contrast is indicated between groups. - - ἐσχίσθη δὲ τὸ πλῆθος τῆς πόλεως, καὶ **οἱ μὲν** ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις **οἱ δὲ** σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις. (Act 14:4) - - and the crowd of the city was divided, and **some** were with the Jews **but others** were with the apostles - -1. When two singular nouns are joined by καὶ (*and*): - - a. If both have the article, the reference is to two separate people. - - ὅπου καὶ **τὸ** θηρίον καὶ **ὁ** ψευδοπροφήτης (Rev 20:10) - - where also [are] **the** beast and **the** false prophet. - - b. If only the first of two singular nouns has the article, they are referring to the same person. (This is called the *Granville Sharp rule*.) - - Τύχικος **ὁ** ἀγαπητὸς ἀδελφὸς καὶ πιστὸς διάκονος ἐν κυρίῳ (Eph 6:21) - - Tychichus, **the** beloved brother and faithful servant in the Lord - - c. Some passages where the Granville Sharp rule applies are theologically important and often debated. - - καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης **τοῦ** μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, (Tit 2:13) - - and the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ - -1. The article is absent in NT Greek in many places where it is required in other languages, especially in prepositional phrases.*** diff --git a/content/attic/01.md b/content/attic/01.md index 21e316a..2dc15a5 100644 --- a/content/attic/01.md +++ b/content/attic/01.md @@ -1,2 +1,4 @@ # attic Glossary -**Attic** is the Greek dialect spoken by Athenians in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. It differs from the Hellenistic (or Koine) Greek in which the New Testament was written. \ No newline at end of file + +**Attic** is the Greek dialect spoken by Athenians in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. It differs from the Hellenistic (or Koine) Greek in which the New Testament was written. + diff --git a/content/case/01.md b/content/case/01.md index a9e2839..3c2d522 100644 --- a/content/case/01.md +++ b/content/case/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ # case Glossary A **case** is a usage of a Greek nominal which is indicated by its morphology and shows its relationship to other words in a sentence (such as the subject). Greek has five cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative and vocative. (Some teachers divide the genitive into genitive and ablative, and divide the dative into dative, locative and instrumental, and thus use an eight-case system for Greek). + diff --git a/content/case_accusative/01.md b/content/case_accusative/01.md index d6af3f5..e436cd8 100644 --- a/content/case_accusative/01.md +++ b/content/case_accusative/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ ἑτοιμάσατε **τὴν ὁδὸν** κυρίου (Mrk 1:3) -prepare **the way** of the Lord \ No newline at end of file +prepare **the way** of the Lord + diff --git a/content/case_dative/01.md b/content/case_dative/01.md index b8b973c..5f5a89c 100644 --- a/content/case_dative/01.md +++ b/content/case_dative/01.md @@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ οἱ δὲ ἐπέδωκαν **αὐτῷ** ἰχθύος ὀπτοῦ μέρος (Luk 24:42) -and they gave **him** a piece of broiled fish \ No newline at end of file +and they gave **him** a piece of broiled fish + diff --git a/content/case_genitive/01.md b/content/case_genitive/01.md index c1754cc..c4249ed 100644 --- a/content/case_genitive/01.md +++ b/content/case_genitive/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ **φωτός** ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ **ἡμέρας** (1Th 5:5) -for you are all sons **of light** and sons **of the day** \ No newline at end of file +for you are all sons **of light** and sons **of the day** + diff --git a/content/case_nominative/01.md b/content/case_nominative/01.md index df0e466..9421185 100644 --- a/content/case_nominative/01.md +++ b/content/case_nominative/01.md @@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ **Nominative** is a nominal case used to indicate the *subject* of a finite verb, or to *equate or describe the subject* when used with a linking verb. The **nominative** is normally the form listed as the headword in a dictionary entry (as the lemma). ὁ **θεὸς** ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς (1Jo 4:11) - -**God** loved us \ No newline at end of file + +**God** loved us diff --git a/content/case_vocative/01.md b/content/case_vocative/01.md index b93929c..af9bcf4 100644 --- a/content/case_vocative/01.md +++ b/content/case_vocative/01.md @@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ **κύριε**, ἐὰν θέλῃς δύνασαί με καθαρίσαι (Mat 8:2) **Lord**, if you are willing, you can make me clean + diff --git a/content/cond/01.md b/content/cond/01.md index 7ddaa51..0b0c9df 100644 --- a/content/cond/01.md +++ b/content/cond/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ # cond Glossary -There are two **conditional** particles, **εἰ** and **ἐάν**, usually translated *if*, which introduce a condition which must be met for a consequence or conclusion to follow. \ No newline at end of file +There are two **conditional** particles, **εἰ** and **ἐάν**, usually translated *if*, which introduce a condition which must be met for a consequence or conclusion to follow. + diff --git a/content/crasis/01.md b/content/crasis/01.md index 03b4d6a..845c7c5 100644 --- a/content/crasis/01.md +++ b/content/crasis/01.md @@ -1,2 +1,4 @@ # crasis Glossary -**Crasis** is when two words are contracted into one word (e.g. where the two words, καὶ [*and*] and ἐγώ [*I*] are combined into κἀγώ [*and I*]) \ No newline at end of file + +**Crasis** is when two words are contracted into one word (e.g. where the two words, καὶ [*and*] and ἐγώ [*I*] are combined into κἀγώ [*and I*]) + diff --git a/content/crasis/02.md b/content/crasis/02.md index fbbd625..ac9232b 100644 --- a/content/crasis/02.md +++ b/content/crasis/02.md @@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ **κἀγὼ** πέμπω ὑμᾶς (Jhn 20:21) **I also** send you + diff --git a/content/gender/01.md b/content/gender/01.md index 6aae836..dc79018 100644 --- a/content/gender/01.md +++ b/content/gender/01.md @@ -1,2 +1,4 @@ # gender Glossary -Substantives will have one of three *grammatical* **genders**: *masculine*, *feminine*, or *neuter*. \ No newline at end of file + +Substantives will have one of three *grammatical* **genders**: *masculine*, *feminine*, or *neuter*. + diff --git a/content/gender_feminine/01.md b/content/gender_feminine/01.md index 60cf5f4..04a105f 100644 --- a/content/gender_feminine/01.md +++ b/content/gender_feminine/01.md @@ -1,2 +1,4 @@ # gender_feminine Glossary -Nominals are marked for *grammatical* **gender**, one of which is *feminine*. \ No newline at end of file + +Nominals are marked for *grammatical* **gender**, one of which is *feminine*. + diff --git a/content/gender_masculine/01.md b/content/gender_masculine/01.md index eb606b4..53af5bf 100644 --- a/content/gender_masculine/01.md +++ b/content/gender_masculine/01.md @@ -1,2 +1,4 @@ # gender_masculine Glossary -Nominals are marked for *grammatical* **gender**, one of which is *masculine*. \ No newline at end of file + +Nominals are marked for *grammatical* **gender**, one of which is *masculine*. + diff --git a/content/gender_neuter/01.md b/content/gender_neuter/01.md index a380e44..b251dce 100644 --- a/content/gender_neuter/01.md +++ b/content/gender_neuter/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ # gender_neuter Glossary Nominals are marked for *grammatical* **gender**, one of which is *neuter*. + diff --git a/content/interjection/01.md b/content/interjection/01.md index c1dd90b..89b625f 100644 --- a/content/interjection/01.md +++ b/content/interjection/01.md @@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ An **interjection** is an exclamation, added to a sentence for emphasis (e.g., * **Ὦ** βάθος πλούτου καὶ σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως θεοῦ (Rom 11:33) -**Oh**, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! \ No newline at end of file +**Oh**, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! + diff --git a/content/interrogative/01.md b/content/interrogative/01.md index 972be17..e20ecaf 100644 --- a/content/interrogative/01.md +++ b/content/interrogative/01.md @@ -1,2 +1,4 @@ # interrogative Glossary -**Interrogative** is a grammatical feature used to form a question. \ No newline at end of file + +**Interrogative** is a grammatical feature used to form a question. + diff --git a/content/mood/01.md b/content/mood/01.md index 2506b0c..16acf45 100644 --- a/content/mood/01.md +++ b/content/mood/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # mood Glossary **Mood** is a feature of the verb which indicates the speaker's viewpoint of the verbal action in relation to reality. Greek has four **moods**: *indicative*, *imperative*, *subjunctive*, and *optative*. -The two remaining verb forms, the *infinitive* and the *participle*, technically do not have mood, but are often discussed alongside mood in Greek grammars. \ No newline at end of file +The two remaining verb forms, the *infinitive* and the *participle*, technically do not have mood, but are often discussed alongside mood in Greek grammars. + diff --git a/content/mood_imperative_participle/01.md b/content/mood_imperative_participle/01.md index 39de5e7..4620388 100644 --- a/content/mood_imperative_participle/01.md +++ b/content/mood_imperative_participle/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ A **participle** can sometimes be used to express a *command*. This usage is qui **ἀποστυγοῦντες** τὸ πονηρόν, **κολλώμενοι** τῷ ἀγαθῷ· (Rom 12:9) -**abhor** what is evil, **cling** to what is good \ No newline at end of file +**abhor** what is evil, **cling** to what is good diff --git a/content/mood_indicative/01.md b/content/mood_indicative/01.md index 6b99277..f5379a5 100644 --- a/content/mood_indicative/01.md +++ b/content/mood_indicative/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ The **indicative mood** indicates that the speaker assumes that the verbal actio μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν **ἐσθίει** (Mrk 2:16) **he is eating** with tax collectors and sinners - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/content/mood_infinitive/01.md b/content/mood_infinitive/01.md index 4097f61..26a5585 100644 --- a/content/mood_infinitive/01.md +++ b/content/mood_infinitive/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ An **infinitive** is a verbal noun (e.g., *to eat*, *to run*, *to go*). It expre οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν **φαγεῖν** εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν, (Mrk 2:26) -it is not lawful for anyone **to eat** except the priests \ No newline at end of file +it is not lawful for anyone **to eat** except the priests + diff --git a/content/noun_other_type_indeclinable/01.md b/content/noun_other_type_indeclinable/01.md index 0bc8450..caf3167 100644 --- a/content/noun_other_type_indeclinable/01.md +++ b/content/noun_other_type_indeclinable/01.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ # noun_other_type_indeclinable Glossary This is a **noun** which does **not decline**, i.e., whose form does not change to indicate its function in a sentence. + diff --git a/content/number/01.md b/content/number/01.md index d80701c..36204bc 100644 --- a/content/number/01.md +++ b/content/number/01.md @@ -1,2 +1,4 @@ # number Glossary -**Number** is the grammatical feature which signifies whether one (*singular*) or more (*plural*) participants are indicated by a word. \ No newline at end of file + +**Number** is the grammatical feature which signifies whether one (*singular*) or more (*plural*) participants are indicated by a word. + diff --git a/content/number/02.md b/content/number/02.md index 535f9b0..1d9f0f3 100644 --- a/content/number/02.md +++ b/content/number/02.md @@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ 1. If a word's grammatical **number** is **singular**, it denotes one participant. 1. If a word's grammatical **number** is **plural**, it denotes more than one participant. 1. A **collective** noun has the grammatical feature of **singular** yet refers to a group. -1. The grammatical **number** of a verb usually agrees with the **number** of it's subject. \ No newline at end of file +1. The grammatical **number** of a verb usually agrees with the **number** of it's subject. + diff --git a/content/number_plural/01.md b/content/number_plural/01.md index abcd5d2..b746092 100644 --- a/content/number_plural/01.md +++ b/content/number_plural/01.md @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ # number_plural Glossary **Plural number** is the grammatical feature which signifies that more than one participant is indicated by a word. + diff --git a/content/number_singular/01.md b/content/number_singular/01.md index 456ffb6..4602b53 100644 --- a/content/number_singular/01.md +++ b/content/number_singular/01.md @@ -1,2 +1,4 @@ # number_singular Glossary -**Singular number** is the grammatical feature which signifies that one participant is indicated by a word. \ No newline at end of file + +**Singular number** is the grammatical feature which signifies that one participant is indicated by a word. + diff --git a/content/paradigms/square.md b/content/paradigms/square.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..23998f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/paradigms/square.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +There are 17 consonants in Biblical Greek, which are divided into three groups. +Liquids λ, μ, ν, and ρ + +Mutes β, γ, δ, θ, κ, π, τ, φ, and χ + +Sibilants σ, ζ, ξ, and ψ + +
Square of Stops | +||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | += | ++ | += | ++ | += | ++ | += | +
Gutturals | +κ | +γ | +χ | ++ | μ | +γ | +σ | +ξ | +τ | +κ | +θ | +χ | +||
Labials | +π | +β | +φ | ++ | μ | +μ | +σ | +ψ | +τ | +π | +θ | +φ | +||
Dentals | +τ | +δ | +θ | ++ | μ | +σ | ++ | + | τ | +σ | +θ | +σ | +||
Dentals before σ are dropped. | +||||||||||||||
Dentals before κ are dropped. | +