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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_hishtaphel.rst
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.. _stem_hishtaphel:
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Stem Hishtaphel
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===============
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Summary
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-------
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The Hishtaphel is an extremely rare stem formation that is similar to
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the Hiphil and expresses causative action in active voice.
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Article
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-------
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The Hishtaphel is a :ref:`rare stem formation<stem-uncommon>`
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that is unrelated to any other :ref:`stem<stem>`. Many scholars believe this stem is derived from Ugaritic and is similar to the
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:ref:`Hiphil<stem_hiphil>`, expressing :ref:`causative<stem-action-causative>` action in :ref:`active<stem-voice-active>` voice.
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However, In Biblical Hebrew this stem is used almost exclusively with the common verb חוי / חוה, meaning
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"to prostrate oneself" (simple action with reflexive voice) or "to worship" (simple action with active voice).
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Form
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----
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Hishtaphel Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Conjugation,Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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Perfect,masculine singular third person,הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה,hishtahawah,he worshipped
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Imperfect,masculine singular third person,יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה,yishtahaweh,he will worship
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Sequential Imperfect,masculine singular third person,וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ,wayyishtahu,(and) he worshipped
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Imperative,masculine singular,הִשְׁתַּחֲוִי,hishtahawi,you must worship
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Infinitive Construct,---,הִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת,hishtahawoth,worship
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Participle,masculine singular absolute,מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה,mishtahaweh,worshipping
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Examples
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--------
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.. csv-table:: Example: RUT 2:10
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וַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ **וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ** אָ֑רְצָה
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wattippol 'al-paneyha **wattishtahu** 'artsah
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and-she-fell-down on\_her-face **bowing-down** to-ground.
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"she knelt before him, with her face **touching** the ground."
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