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Made minor edits to UTW articles [Jonah] (#1212)

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bible/kt/covenant.md
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# covenant, new covenant
# covenant
## Definition:
A covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill.
In the Bible, the term "covenant" refers to a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill.
* This agreement can be between individuals, between groups of people, or between God and people.
* When people make a covenant with each other, they promise that they will do something, and they must do it.
@ -64,4 +64,4 @@ The term “new covenant” refers to the commitment or agreement God made with
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1285, H2319, H3772, G802, G1242, G4934
* Strong’s: H1285, H2319, H3772, G802, G1242, G4934

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bible/kt/covenantfaith.md
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# covenant faithfulness, covenant loyalty, loving kindness, unfailing love
# covenant faithfulness, covenant loyalty, covenant love
## Definition:
This term is used to describe God’s commitment to fulfill the promises that he made to his people.
* God made promises to the Israelites in formal agreements called “covenants.”
* The “covenant faithfulness” or “covenant loyalty” of Yahweh refers to the fact that he keeps his promises to his people.
* God’s faithfulness to keep his covenant promises is an expression of his grace toward his people.
* The term “loyalty” is another word that refers to being committed and dependable, to do and say what has been promised, and what will benefit someone else.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The way this term is translated will also depend on how the terms “covenant” and “faithfulness” are translated.
* Other ways to translate this term could include, “faithful love” or “loyal, committed love” or “loving dependability.”
In biblical times, the term translated as "covenant faithfulness" was used to describe the kind of faithfulness, loyalty, kindness, and love that was both expected and demonstrated between people who were closely related to one another, either by marriage or by blood. This same term is used often in the Bible to describe the way God relates to his people, especially his commitment to fulfill the promises that he made to them.
* The way this term is translated can depend on how each of the individual terms “covenant” and “faithfulness” are translated.
* Other ways to translate this term might include: “faithful love;” “loyal, committed love;” or “loving dependability.”
(See also: [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md), [grace](../kt/grace.md), [Israel](../kt/israel.md), [people of God](../kt/peopleofgod.md), [promise](../kt/promise.md))
@ -24,3 +17,4 @@ This term is used to describe God’s commitment to fulfill the promises that he
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2617

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bible/kt/fear.md
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# fear, afraid
# fear
## Definition:
The terms “fear” and “afraid” refer to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others.
* The term “fear” can also refer to a deep respect and awe for a person in authority.
* The phrase “fear of Yahweh,” as well as related terms “fear of God” and “fear of the Lord,” refer to a deep respect of God and the showing of that respect by obeying him. This fear is motivated by knowing that God is holy and hates sin.
* The Bible teaches that a person who fears Yahweh will become wise.
The terms “fear” refers to the unpleasant emotion a person feels when experiencing a potential threat to their safety or well-being. In the Bible, however, the term "fear" can also mean an attitude of worship, respect, awe, or obedience toward another person, usually someone powerful such as God or a king.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, to “fear” can be translated as to “be afraid” or to “deeply respect” or to “revere” or to “be in awe of.”
* The term “afraid” could be translated as “terrified” or “scared” or “fearful.”
* The sentence “The fear of God fell on all of them” could be translated as “Suddenly they all felt a deep awe and respect for God” or “Immediately, they all felt very amazed and revered God deeply” or “Right then, they all felt very afraid of God (because of his great power).”
* Depending on the context, the term “fear” can be translated in various ways, depending on the context. Some possibilities include: “be afraid;” “deeply respect,” or "deep respect;" “revere,” or "reverence;" or perhaps "be in awe of.”
* The phrase “fear not” could also be translated as “do not be afraid” or “stop being afraid.”
* Note that the phrase “fear of Yahweh” does not occur in the New Testament. The phrase “fear of the Lord” or “fear of the Lord God” is used instead.
* The sentence “The fear of God fell on all of them” might be translated in various ways. Some possibilities include: “Suddenly they all felt a deep awe and respect for God;” or, “Immediately, they all felt very amazed and revered God deeply;” or, “Right then, they all felt very afraid of God (because of his great power).”
(See also: [marvel](../other/amazed.md), [awe](../other/awe.md), [Lord](../kt/lord.md), [power](../kt/power.md), [Yahweh](../kt/yahweh.md))
@ -35,3 +29,4 @@ The terms “fear” and “afraid” refer to the unpleasant feeling a person h
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H367, H926, H1204, H1481, H1672, H1674, H1763, H2119, H2296, H2727, H2729, H2730, H2731, H2844, H2849, H2865, H3016, H3025, H3068, H3372, H3373, H3374, H4032, H4034, H4035, H4116, H4172, H6206, H6342, H6343, H6345, H6427, H7264, H7267, H7297, H7374, H7461, H7493, H8175, G870, G1167, G1168, G1169, G1630, G1719, G2124, G2125, G2962, G5398, G5399, G5400, G5401

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bible/kt/hades.md
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## Definition:
The terms “Hades” and “Sheol” are used in the Bible to refer to death and the place where the souls of people go when they die. Their meanings are similar.
The terms “Hades” (in Greek) and “Sheol” (in Hebrew) are proper names for the "underworld," meaning an underground dwelling place where people from ancient cultures believed a dead person would go after he had died.
* The Hebrew term “Sheol” is often used in the Old Testament to refer generally to the place of death.
* In the New Testament, the Greek term “Hades” refers to a place for the souls of people who rebelled against God. These souls are referred to as going “down” to Hades. This is sometimes contrasted to going “up” to heaven, where the souls of people who believe in Jesus live.
* The term “Hades” is coupled with the term “death” in the book of Revelation. In the end times, both death and Hades will be thrown into the Lake of Fire, which is hell.
* In the Old Testament, the Hebrew term “Sheol” can be used either as a proper name or as a common noun meaning "underground."
* In the New Testament, the Greek term “Hades” is described as a place for dead people who have rejected Jesus. The New Testament describes people as "going down” to Hades.
## Translation Suggestions
* The Old Testament term “Sheol” could be translated as “place of the dead” or “place for dead souls.” Some translations translate this as “the pit” or “death,” depending on the context.
* The New Testament term “Hades” could also be translated as “place for unbelieving dead souls” or “place of torment for the dead” or “place for the souls of unbelieving dead people.”
* Some translations keep the words “Sheol” and “Hades,” spelling them to fit the sound patterns of the language of translation. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown)).
* The Old Testament term “Sheol” can be translated in various ways, depending on the context. Some possibilities include: “place of the dead;” “place for dead spirits;” “the pit;” or “death."
* The New Testament term “Hades” can also be translated in various ways, depending on the context. Some possibilities include: “place for unbelieving dead souls;” “place of torment for the dead;” or “place for the souls of unbelieving dead people.”
* Some translations keep the proper names “Sheol” and “Hades,” spelling them to fit the sound patterns of the language of translation. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown)).
* A phrase could also be added to each term to explain it, examples of doing this are, “Sheol, place where dead people are” and “Hades, place of death.”
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
@ -33,3 +32,4 @@ The terms “Hades” and “Sheol” are used in the Bible to refer to death an
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H7585, G86

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bible/kt/hebrew.md
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## Facts:
The “Hebrews” were people who were descended from Abraham through the line of Isaac and Jacob. Abraham is the first person in the Bible to be called a “Hebrew.”
The term “Hebrew” refers in a very general sense to the people group descended from Abraham through the line of Isaac and Jacob.
* The term “Hebrew” also refers to the language that the Hebrew people spoke. The vast majority of the Old Testament was written in the Hebrew language.
* In different places in the Bible, the Hebrews were also called “Jewish people” or “Israelites.” It is best to keep all three terms distinct in the text, as long as it is clear that these terms refer to the same people group.
* The specific word “Hebrew” can refer either to a individual person in the people group or to the language spoken by that people group.
* The vast majority of the Old Testament was written in the language called "Hebrew." However, in most cases in the New Testament, the specific term "Hebrew" probably refers to the Aramaic language rather than the Hebrew language.
* In different places in the Bible, the Hebrews were also called “Israelites” or "Jews." When translating, it is best to keep all three terms distinct in the text, as long as it is clear that these terms refer to the same people group.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))

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bible/kt/vow.md
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# vow, vowed
# vow
## Definition:
A vow is a promise that a person makes to God. The person promises to do a certain thing in order to specially honor God or to show devotion to him.
A "vow" is a solemn promise or oath that a person makes to God.
* After a person makes a vow, he is obligated to fulfill that vow.
* The Bible teaches that a person may be judged by God if he doesn’t keep his vow.
* Sometimes a person may ask God to protect him or provide for him in exchange for making the vow.
* But God is not required to fulfill a request that a person asks for in his vow.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “vow” could be translated as “solemn promise” or “promise made to God.”
* A vow is a special kind of oath that is made to God.
* If a person in ancient Israel made a vow to God, that person was obligated to fulfill the vow. The ancient Israelites believed that God might punish a person who did not fulfill a vow that he made.
* In ancient Israel, sometimes a person would ask God to protect him or provide for him in exchange for making the vow. However, the ancient Israelites did not believe that God was obligated to fulfill these requests.
* Depending on the context, the term “vow” can be translated as “solemn promise” or "solemn oath" or “promise made to God.”
(See also: [promise](../kt/promise.md), [oath](../other/oath.md))
@ -30,3 +24,4 @@ A vow is a promise that a person makes to God. The person promises to do a certa
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5087, H5088, G2171

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bible/names/ephrathah.md
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# Ephrath, Ephrathah, Ephrathite
# Ephrath, Ephrathah
## Facts:
Ephrathah was the name of a city and region in the northern part of Israel. The city of Ephrathah was later called “Bethlehem” or “Ephrathah-Bethlehem.”
The terms "Ephrath" and "Ephrathah" are probably derived from the name "Ephraim," who was one of the sons of Joseph and became the patriarch of one of the 12 tribes of Israel. Different
* Ephrathah was the name of one of Caleb’s sons. The city of Ephrathah was probably named after him.
* A person who was from the city of Ephrathah was called an “Ephrathite.”
* Boaz, the great-grandfather of David, was an Ephrathite.
* "Ephrathah" is the name of the region where Rachel died, near the city of Bethel.
* There is a woman named "Ephrath" in the OT, who was the wife of Caleb.
* Both cities of Bethlehem and Kirjath-Jearim are also called "Ephrathah," even though both cities are in a different region than described above (near Bethel).
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
@ -17,3 +17,4 @@ Ephrathah was the name of a city and region in the northern part of Israel. The
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H672, H673

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bible/names/jonah.md
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@ -7,9 +7,10 @@ Jonah was a Hebrew prophet in the Old Testament.
* The book of Jonah tells the story of what happened when God sent Jonah to preach to the people of Nineveh.
* Jonah refused to go to Nineveh and instead got on a ship headed for a Tarshish.
* God caused a huge storm to overwhelm that ship.
* He told the men sailing the ship that he wasrunning away from God, and he suggested that they throw him into the sea. When they did the storm stopped.
* Jonah told the men sailing the ship that he was running away from God, and he suggested that they throw him into the sea. When they did that, the storm stopped and the sailors offered a sacrifice to Yahweh.
* Jonah was swallowed by a huge fish, and he was inside the belly of that fish for three days and nights.
* After that, Jonah went to Nineveh and preached to the people there, and they turned from their sins.
* After that, Jonah went to Nineveh and preached to the people there, and the people stopped acting so violently toward others.
* Jonah became angry at God for not destroying Nineveh, and God used a plant and a worm to teach Jonah a lesson about compassion.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
@ -24,4 +25,4 @@ Jonah was a Hebrew prophet in the Old Testament.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3124, G2495
* Strong’s: H3124, G2495

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bible/names/joppa.md
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## Facts:
In Bible times, the city of Joppa was an important commercial seaport located on the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Plain of Sharon.
In biblical times, the city of Joppa was an important commercial seaport located on the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Plain of Sharon.
* The ancient site of Joppa is the location of the present-day city of Jaffa, which is now part of the city of Tel Aviv.
* The ancient site of Joppa was located in the same place as the present-day city of Jaffa, which has now become incorporated into the city of Tel Aviv.
* In the Old Testament, Joppa was the city where Jonah got on a boat that was going to Tarshish.
* In the New Testament, a Christian woman named Tabitha died in Joppa, and Peter brought her back to life.
* In the New Testament, a Christian woman named Tabitha died in Joppa, and Peter raised her back to life.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ In Bible times, the city of Joppa was an important commercial seaport located on
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3305, G2445
* Strong’s: H3305, G2445

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bible/names/moab.md
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# Moab, Moabite, Moabitess
# Moab, Moabite
## Facts:
Moab was the son of Lot’s elder daughter. It also became the name of the land where he and his family lived. The term “Moabite” refers to a person who is descended from Moab or who lives in the country of Moab.
The term "Moab" refers to a people group that lived to the east of the Salt Sea. The book of Genesis describes this people group as the descendents of a man named "Moab," who was the son of Lot’s elder daughter.
* In the book of Ruth, Elimelek and his family went to live in Moab because of the famine around Bethlehem.
* Ruth is called a "Moabite woman" because she was born in the country of Moab and was from that people group.
* The country of Moab was located east of the Salt Sea.
* Moab was southeast from the town of Bethlehem where Naomi’s family lived.
* The people in Bethlehem called Ruth a “Moabitess” because she was a woman from the country of Moab. This term could also be translated as “Moabite woman” or “woman from Moab.”
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
@ -22,3 +22,4 @@ Moab was the son of Lot’s elder daughter. It also became the name of the land
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H4124, H4125

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bible/names/nineveh.md
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## Facts:
Nineveh was the capital city of Assyria. A “Ninevite” was a person who lived in Nineveh.
Nineveh was the capital city of Assyrian empire. A “Ninevite” was a person who lived in Nineveh.
* God sent the prophet Jonah to warn the Ninevites to turn from their wicked ways. The people repented and God did not destroy them.
* The Assyrians later stopped serving God. They conquered the kingdom of Israel and carried the people away to Nineveh.
* God sent the prophet Jonah to warn the Ninevites to turn from their wicked ways. The people stopped acting so violently and God did not destroy them at that time.
* The prophets Nahum and Zephaniah both prophesied that God would destroy Nineveh as judgment for their sin.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
@ -23,3 +23,4 @@ Nineveh was the capital city of Assyria. A “Ninevite” was a person who live
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5210, G3535, G3536

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bible/names/tarshish.md
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## Facts:
Tarshish was the name of two men in the Old Testament. It was also the name of a city.
* One of Japheth’s grandsons was named Tarshish.
* Tarshish was also the name of one of the wise men of King Ahashuerus.
* The city of Tarshish was a very prosperous port city, whose ships carried valuable products to buy, sell, or trade.
* This city was associated with Tyre and is thought to have been a Phoenician city that was somewhat distant from Israel, perhaps on the southern coast of Spain.
In biblical times, Tarshish was a port city situated on the Mediterranean Sea. The specific location of the city is unknown. Also, the Old Testament mentions two different men named Tarshish.
* The city of Tarshish was a prosperous port city with ships that carried products to buy, sell, or trade. The Bible states that King Solomon kept a fleet of ships stationed at Tarshish.
* The Old Testament prophet Jonah boarded a ship bound for the city of Tarshish instead of obeying God’s command to go preach to Nineveh.
* One of Japheth’s grandsons was named Tarshish.
* Tarshish was also the name of one of the wise men of King Ahashuerus.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
@ -25,3 +24,4 @@ Tarshish was the name of two men in the Old Testament. It was also the name of a
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H8659

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bible/other/ash.md
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# ash, ashes, dust
# ash, ashes
## Facts:
The term “ash” or “ashes” refers to the grey powdery substance that is left behind after wood is burned. It is sometimes used figuratively to refer to something that is worthless or useless.
The term “ash” (or “ashes”) refers to the grey powdery substance that is left behind after wood is burned.
* In the Bible sometimes the word “dust” is used when speaking about ashes. It can also refer to the fine, loose dirt that can form on dry ground.
* An “ash heap” is a pile of ashes.
* In ancient times, sitting in ashes was a sign of mourning or grieving.
* When grieving, it was the custom to wear rough, scratchy sackcloth and sit in ashes or sprinkle the ashes on the head.
* In ancient times, sitting in ashes was a sign of mourning or grieving. When grieving, it was the custom to wear rough, scratchy sackcloth and sit in ashes or put ashes on the head.
* Putting ashes on the head was also a sign of humiliation or embarrassment.
* Striving for something worthless, is said to be like “feeding on ashes.”
* When translating “ashes,” use the word in the project language that refers to the burned-up remains after wood has burned.
* Note that an “ash tree” is a completely different term.
* An “ash heap” is a pile of ashes.
* Sometimes the word "dust" is used with the term "ashes" in the phrase, "dust and ashes." This phrase can be translated as "dust and ashes" or simply as "ashes."
* When translating “ashes,” use the word in the target language that refers to the burned-up remains after wood has burned.
(See also: [fire](../other/fire.md), [sackcloth](../other/sackcloth.md))
@ -25,3 +23,4 @@ The term “ash” or “ashes” refers to the grey powdery substance that is l
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H80, H665, H1854, H6083, H6368, H7834, G2868, G4700, G5077, G5522

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bible/other/hand.md
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# hand, by the hand of, lay a hand on, right hand, from the hand of
# hand
## Definition:
There are several figurative ways that “hand” is used in the Bible:
* To “hand” something to someone means to put something into that person’s hands.
* The term “hand” is often used in reference to God’s power and action, such as when God says “Has not my hand made all these things?” (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy))
* Expressions such as “hand over to” or “deliver into the hands of” refer to causing someone to be under the control or power of someone else.
* Some other figurative uses of “hand” include:
* To “lay a hand on” means to “harm.”
* To “save from the hand of” means to stop someone from harming someone else.
* The position of being “on the right hand” means “on the right side” or “to the right.”
* The expression “by the hand of” someone means “by” or “through” the action of that person. For example, “by the hand of the Lord” means that the Lord is the one who caused something to happen.
The word “hand” refers to the part of the body at the end of the arm. In the Bible, this term is associated with a person's power, control, or action, whether it be in reference to God or in reference to a human person.
* Placing hands on someone is often done while speaking a blessing over that person.
* The term “laying on of hands” refers to placing a hand on a person in order to dedicate that person to God’s service or to pray for healing.
* When Paul says “written by my hand,” it means that this part of the letter was physically written down by him, rather than spoken to someone else to write down.
Some of the various uses of the term “hand” include the following:
* To “lay a hand on” means to “harm.”
* To “save from the hand of” means to prevent someone from being harmed by another person.
* The position of being “on the right hand” means “on the right side” or “to the right.”
* The expression “by the hand of” someone means “by” or “through” the action of that person. For example, the phrase “by the hand of the Lord” means that God caused something to happen.
* Expressions such as “hand over to” or “deliver into the hands of” refer to causing someone to be under the control or power of someone else.
* The term “laying on of hands” can refer to placing a hand on a person in order to dedicate that person to God’s service, to pray for healing, or to ask God to bless that person.
* When Paul says “written by my hand,” it means that he himself wrote that part of the letter rather than speaking it to someone else to write down.
## Translation Suggestions
* These expressions and other figures of speech could be translated using other figurative expressions that have the same meaning. Or the meaning could be translated using direct, literal language (see examples above).
* The expression “handed him the scroll” could also be translated as “gave him the scroll” or “put the scroll in his hand.” It was not given to him permanently, but just for the purpose of using it at that time.
* When “hand” refers to the person, such as in “the hand of God did this,” it could be translated as “God did this.”
* An expression such as “delivered them into the hands of their enemies” or “handed them over to their enemies,” could be translated as, “allowed their enemies to conquer them” or “caused them to be captured by their enemies” or “empowered their enemies to gain control over them.”
* To “die by the hand of” could be translated as “be killed by.”
* The expression “on the right hand of” could be translated as “on the right side of.”
@ -43,4 +39,4 @@ There are several figurative ways that “hand” is used in the Bible:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2026, H2651, H2947, H2948, H3027, H3028, H3225, H3231, H3233, H3709, H7126, H7138, H8040, H8042, H8168, G710, G1188, G1448, G1451, G2176, G2902, G4084, G4474, G5495, G5496, G5497
* Strong’s: H2026, H2651, H2947, H2948, H3027, H3028, H3225, H3231, H3233, H3709, H7126, H7138, H8040, H8042, H8168, G710, G1188, G1448, G1451, G2176, G2902, G4084, G4474, G5495, G5496, G5497

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bible/other/head.md
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# head, forehead, baldhead, headfirst, headbands, headscarves, beheaded
# head
## Definition:
In the Bible, the word “head” is used with several figurative meanings.
The word “head” refers to the uppermost body part of a human body, above the neck. In the Bible, this term can mean many different things, including "top," "first," "beginning," "source," and other concepts.
* Often this term is used to refer to being in authority over people, as in “you have made me the head over nations.” This could be translated as “You have made me the ruler…” or “You have given me authority over…”
* Jesus is called the “head of the church.” Just as a person’s head guides and directs the members of its body, so Jesus guides and directs the members of his “body,” the Church.
* The New Testament teaches that a husband is the “head” or authority of his wife. He is given the responsibility of leading and guiding his wife and family.
* The expression “no razor will ever touch his head” means” he will never cut or shave his hair.”
* The term “head” can also refer to the beginning or source of something, as in the “head of the street.”
* The expression “heads of grain” refers to the top parts of a wheat or barley plant that contains the seeds.
* Another figurative use for “head” is when it is used to represent the whole person, as in “this gray head,” referring to an elderly person, or as in “the head of Joseph,” which refers to Joseph. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
Some examples of various uses of the term "head" include:
* The expression “no razor will ever touch his head” means that he should never cut or shave his hair.
* The expression “let their blood be on his own head” means that the man is responsible for their deaths and will receive the punishment for that.
* The expression “heads of grain” refers to the top part of wheat or barley plants that contains the seeds. Similarly, the expression "head of a mountain" refers to the top part of the mountain.
* The term “head” can also refer to the beginning or source of something, or the first in a series of things (can be objects or people).
* Often the term "head" refers to the most important person in a group or to a person who is in authority over others. For example, the phrase “You have made me the head over nations” means “You have made me the ruler…” or “You have given me authority over….”
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, the term “head” could be translated as “authority” or “the one who leads and directs” or “the one who is responsible for.”
* The expression “head of” can refer to the whole person and so this expression could be translated using just the person’s name. For example, “the head of Joseph” could simply be translated as “Joseph.”
* Depending on the context, the term “head” could be translated as “authority” or “ruler” or “the one who is responsible for.”
* The expression “will be on his own head” could be translated as “will be on him” or “he will be punished for” or “he will be held responsible for” or “he will be considered guilty for.”
* Depending on the context, other ways to translate this term could include “beginning” or “source” or “ruler” or “leader” or “top.”
* Depending on the context, some other ways to translate this term might include "top" or “beginning” or “source” or “leader.”
(See also: [grain](../other/grain.md))
@ -34,3 +33,4 @@ In the Bible, the word “head” is used with several figurative meanings.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H441, H1270, H1538, H3852, H4425, H4761, H4763, H5110, H5324, H6285, H6287, H6797, H6915, H6936, H7139, H7144, H7146, H7217, H7226, H7218, H7541, H7636, H7641, H7872, G346, G755, G2775, G2776, G4719

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bible/other/king.md
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## Definition:
The term “king” refers to a man who is the supreme ruler of a city, state, or country.
In the Bible, the term “king” refers to a man who is the supreme ruler of a particular group of people or a particular region of land (or both).
* A king was usually chosen to rule because of his family relation to previous kings.
* When a king died, it was usually his oldest son who became the next king.
* In ancient times, the king had absolute authority over the people in his kingdom.
* Rarely the term “king” was used to refer to someone who was not a true king, such as “King Herod” in the New Testament.
* In the Bible, God is often referred to as a king who rules over his people.
* The “kingdom of God” refers to God’s rule over his people.
* Jesus was called “king of the Jews,” “king of Israel,” and “king of kings.”
* When Jesus comes back, he will rule as king over the world.
* This term could also be translated as “supreme chief” or “absolute leader” or “sovereign ruler.”
* The phrase “king of kings” could be translated as “king who rules over all other kings” or “supreme ruler who has authority over all other rulers.”
* In biblical times, a king was usually chosen to rule on the basis of family relation to the previous king(s). When a king died, usually his oldest son became the next king.
* The Bible often refers to God is as a king who rules over the entire universe (in a general sense) and over his people (in a specific sense).
* The New Testament refers to Jesus as a king in various ways, including: “king of the Jews;” “king of Israel;” and “king of kings.”
* Depending on the context, the term "king" might also be translated as “supreme chief" or “sovereign ruler."
* The phrase “king of kings” might be translated as “king who rules over all other kings” or “supreme ruler who has authority over all other rulers.”
(See also: [authority](../kt/authority.md), [Herod Antipas](../names/herodantipas.md), [kingdom](../other/kingdom.md), [kingdom of God](../kt/kingdomofgod.md))
@ -41,4 +36,4 @@ The term “king” refers to a man who is the supreme ruler of a city, state, o
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H4427, H4428, H4430, G935, G936
* Strong’s: H4427, H4428, H4430, G935, G936

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bible/other/lots.md
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## Definition:
A “lot” is a marked object that is chosen from among other similar objects as a way of deciding something. “Casting lots” referred to tossing marked objects onto the ground or other surface.
In the Bible, a “lot” is a marked object(s) used as a way of making a fair and/or random decision, usually for the purpose of selecting a specific person within a group. “Casting lots” refers to the process of using "lots" to make a fair and/or random decision.
* Often the lots were small marked stones or pieces of broken pottery.
* Some cultures “draw” or “pull out” lots using a bunch of straws. Someone holds the straws so that no one can see how long they are. Each person pulls out a straw and the one who picks the longest (or shortest) straw is the one who is chosen.
* The practice of casting lots was used by the Israelites to find out what God wanted them to do.
* As in the time of Zechariah and Elizabeth, it was also used to choose which priest would perform a specific duty in the temple at a specific time.
* The soldiers who crucified Jesus cast lots to decide who would get to keep Jesus’ robe.
* The phrase “casting lots” can be translated as “tossing lots” or “drawing lots” or “rolling lots.” Make sure the translation of “cast” does not sound like the lots were being thrown a long distance.
* Depending on the context, the term “lot” could also be translated as “marked stone” or “pottery piece” or “stick” or “piece of straw.”
* If a decision is made “by lot” this could be translated as, “by drawing (or throwing) lots.”
* In modern times, some cultures “draw” or “pull out” lots using a bunch of straws. Someone holds the straws so that no one can see how long they are. Each person pulls out a straw and the one who picks the longest (or shortest) straw is the one who is chosen.
* In biblical times, the objects cast (the "lots") were probably small marked stones. It is unknown how the "lots" actually indicated a decision, but it probably involved dropping or throwing marked stones on the ground.
* The phrase “casting lots” can be translated as “tossing lots” or "throwing lots" or “rolling lots.” The translation of “cast” should not sound like the lots were being thrown a long distance.
* If a decision is made “by lot,” this could be translated as “by casting lots” or "by throwing lots," etc.
(See also: [Elizabeth](../names/elizabeth.md), [priest](../kt/priest.md), [Zechariah (OT)](../names/zechariahot.md), [Zechariah (NT)](../names/zechariahnt.md))
@ -27,3 +23,4 @@ A “lot” is a marked object that is chosen from among other similar objects a
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1486, H5307, G2819, G2975

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bible/other/sandal.md
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## Definition:
A sandal is a simple flat-soled shoe held onto the foot by straps that go around the foot or ankle. Sandals are worn by both men and women.
A sandal is a simple shoe with a flat sole that is held onto the foot by straps that go around the foot or ankle. Sandals are worn by both men and women.
* A sandal was sometimes used to confirm a legal transaction, such as the selling of property: one man would take off a sandal and give it to the other.
* Removing one’s shoes or sandals was also a sign of respect and reverence, especially in God’s presence.
* John said that he was not worthy to even untie Jesus’ sandals, which would have been the task of a lowly servant or slave.
* In ancient Israel, a sandal was sometimes used to confirm a legal transaction, such as the selling of property. One person would take off a sandal and give it to the other person to show that the transaction was legal and binding.
* John said that he was not worthy to even untie Jesus’ sandals, which was a normal task for the servant or slave with the lowest status in a Jewish household.
## Bible References:
@ -19,3 +18,4 @@ A sandal is a simple flat-soled shoe held onto the foot by straps that go around
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5274, H5275, H8288, G4547, G5266

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# vain, vanity, futile, empty, useless, meaningless
# vain, vanity
## Definition:
The term “vain” describes something that is useless or has no purpose. Vain things are empty and worthless.
The terms “vain” and "vanity" describe something that is useless or extremely temporary.
* The term “vanity” refers to worthlessness or emptiness. It can also refer to pride or arrogance.
* In the Old Testament, idols are described as vain things that cannot deliver or save. They are worthless and have no use or purpose.
* If something was done “in vain,” it means that there was no good result from it. The effort or action did not accomplish anything.
* To “believe in vain” means to believe in something that is not true and that gives false hope.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “vain” could be translated as “empty” or “useless” or “hopeless” or “worthless” or “meaningless.”
* The phrase “in vain” could be translated as “without result” or “with no result” or “for no reason” or “with no purpose.”
* The term “vanity” could be translated as “pride” or “nothing worthwhile” or “hopelessness.”
* In the Old Testament, idols are sometimes described as "vain" things that are worthless and cannot do anything.
* If something is done “in vain,” it means that there the effort or action did not accomplish what was intended. The phrase “in vain” might be translated in various ways, including: “without result;” “with no result;” “for no reason;” “for no purpose," or "with no purpose.”
* Depending on the context, the term “vain” could be translated as “empty,” “useless,” “hopeless,” “worthless,” “meaningless,” etc.
(See also: [false god](../kt/falsegod.md), [worthy](../kt/worthy.md))
@ -29,3 +22,4 @@ The term “vain” describes something that is useless or has no purpose. Vain
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1891, H1892, H2600, H7307, H7385, H7387, H7723, H8193, H8267, H8414, G945, G1500, G2756, G2758, G2761, G3151, G3152, G3153, G3155

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## Definition:
The term “voice” is often used figuratively to refer to speaking or communicating something.
The term “voice” refers to audible sound that a person makes when speaking or communicating. In the Bible, the term can ber used figuratively to refer to the concepts of sound, communication, and/or obedience.
* God is said to use his voice, even though he doesn’t have a voice in the same way a human being does.
* This term can be used to refer to the whole person, as in the statement “A voice is heard in the desert saying, ‘Prepare the way of the Lord.’” This could be translated as “A person is heard calling out in the desert….” (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
* To “hear someone’s voice” could also be translated as “hear someone speaking.”
* Sometimes the word “voice” may be used for objects that cannot literally speak, such as when David exclaims in the psalms that the “voice” of the heavens proclaims God’s mighty works. This could also be translated as “their splendor shows clearly how great God is.”
## Translation Suggestions
(See also: [call](../kt/call.md), [proclaim](../other/preach.md), [splendor](../other/splendor.md))
* The expression “to hear someone’s voice” can mean either "to hear someone speaking" or “to heed what someone says."
* The Bible describes God as "speaking" and having a "voice," even though God doesn’t have a physical body in the same way a human being does.
* The term "voice" sometimes implies the presence of a person, as in this statement: “A voice is heard in the desert saying, ‘Prepare the way of the Lord.’” This could be translated as “A person is heard calling out in the desert….” (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
* However, sometimes the word “voice” is used for objects that cannot literally speak, such as when David exclaims in the psalms that the heavens have a “voice” that reaches the whole earth. This means that the objects in the sky communicate something to human beings about God the Creator. (See: [metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
(See also: [call](../kt/call.md), [proclaim](../other/preach.md), [splendor](../other/splendor.md).)
## Bible References:
@ -21,4 +24,4 @@ The term “voice” is often used figuratively to refer to speaking or communic
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H6963, H7032, H7445, H8193, G2906, G5456
* Strong’s: H6963, H7032, H7445, H8193, G2906, G5456