Update UTW articles for Esther (#1244)

bible/kt/fear.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# fear, afraid
+# fear, afraid, dread
 
 ## Definition:
 
-The terms “fear” refers to the unpleasant emotion a person feels when experiencing a potential threat to their safety or well-being.  In the Bible, however, the term "fear" can also mean an attitude of worship, respect, awe, or obedience toward another person, usually someone powerful such as God or a king.
+The terms “fear” refers to the unpleasant emotion a person feels when experiencing a potential threat to their safety or well-being.  In the Bible, however, the term "fear" can also mean an attitude of worship, respect, awe, or obedience toward another person, usually someone powerful such as God or a king. The term "dread" refers to extreme or intense fear.
 
 ## Translation Suggestions:
 

bible/kt/glory.md

@@ -1,33 +1,32 @@
-# glory, glorious, glorify, glorified
+# glory, glorious, glorify
 
 ## Definition:
 
-In general, the term “glory” means honor, splendor, and extreme greatness. Anything that has glory is said to be “glorious.”
+The term “glory” is a general term for a family of concepts including value, worth, importance, honor, splendor, or majesty. The term “glorify” means to ascribe glory to someone or something, or to show or tell how glorious something or someone is.
 
-* Sometimes “glory” refers to something of great value and importance. In other contexts it communicates splendor, brightness, or judgment.
-* Glory is especially used to describe God, who is more glorious than anyone or anything in the universe. Everything in his character reveals his glory and his splendor.
+
+* In the Bible, the term "glory" is especially used to describe God, who is more valuable, more worthy, more important, more honorable, more splendid, and more majestic than anyone or anything in the universe. Everything about his character reveals his glory.
+* People can glorify God by telling about the wonderful things he has done. They can also glorify God by living in accordance with God's character, because doing so shows to others his value, worth, importance, honor, splendor, and majesty.
 * The expression to “glory in” means to boast about or take pride in something.
 
-The term “glorify” means to show or tell how great and important something or someone is. It literally means to “give glory to.”
+### Old Testament 
+* The specific phrase "the glory of Yahweh" in the Old Testament usually refers to some perceptible manifestation of Yahweh's presence in a particular location.
 
-* People can glorify God by telling about the wonderful things he has done.
-* They can also glorify God by living in a way that honors him and shows how great and magnificent he is.
-* When the Bible says that God glorifies himself, it means that he reveals to people his amazing greatness, often through miracles.
-* God the Father will glorify God the Son by revealing to people the Son’s perfection, splendor, and greatness.
-* Everyone who believes in Christ will be glorified with him. When they are raised to life, they will be changed to reflect his glory and to display his grace to all creation.
+### New Testament
+* God the Father will glorify God the Son by revealing to all people the full extent of how glorious Jesus is.
+* Everyone who believes in Christ will be glorified with him. This use of the term "glorify" carries a unique meaning. It means that when people who believe in Christ are raised to life, they will be changed physically to be like Jesus as he appeared after his resurrection.
 
 ## Translation Suggestions:
 
-* Depending on the context, different ways to translate “glory” could include “splendor” or “brightness” or “majesty” or “awesome greatness” or “extreme value.”
+* Depending on the context, different ways to translate “glory” could include “splendor” or “majesty” or “awesome greatness” or “extreme value.”
 * The term “glorious” could be translated as  “full of glory” or “extremely valuable” or “brightly shining” or “awesomely majestic.”
 * The expression “give glory to God” could be translated as “honor God’s greatness” or “praise God because of his splendor” or “tell others how great God is.”
 * The expression “glory in” could also be translated as “praise” or “take pride in” or “boast about” or “take pleasure in.”
-
 * “Glorify” could also be translated as “give glory to” or “bring glory to” or “cause to appear great.”
 * The phrase “glorify God” could also be translated as “praise God” or “talk about God’s greatness” or “show how great God is” or “honor God (by obeying him).”
 * The term “be glorified” could also be translated as, “be shown to be very great” or “be praised” or “be exalted.”
 
-(See also: [exalt](../kt/exalt.md), [obey](../other/obey.md), [praise](../other/praise.md))
+(See also: [honor](../kt/honor.md), [majesty](../kt/majesty.md), [exalt](../kt/exalt.md), [obey](../other/obey.md), [praise](../other/praise.md))
 
 ## Bible References:
 

bible/kt/good.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# good, pleasant, right, better
+# good, right, pleasant, pleasing, better, best
 
 ## Definition:
 

bible/kt/promise.md

@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-A promise is a pledge to do a certain thing. When someone promises something, it means he is committing to do something.
+When used as a verb, the term "promise" refers to the action of a person saying that he will do something in such way that he obligates himself to fulfill what he has said. When used as a noun, the term "promise" refers to the thing that a person obligates himself to do.
 
 * The Bible records many promises that God has made for his people.
 * Promises are an important part of formal agreements such as covenants.
-* A promise is often accompanied by an oath to confirm that it will be done.
 
 ## Translation Suggestions:
 

bible/kt/soul.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# soul
+# soul, self
 
 ## Definition:
 
-The soul is the inner, invisible, and eternal part of a person. It refers to the non-physical part of a person.
+The term "soul" can either refer generally to the non-physical part of a person or refer specifically to a person's awareness of themselves as a person distinct from others.
 
-* The terms “soul” and “spirit” may be two different concepts, or they may be two terms that refer to the same concept.
+* In the Bible, the terms “soul” and “spirit” may be two different concepts, or they may be two terms that refer to the same concept.
 * When a person dies, his soul leaves his body.
 * In contrast to the body, the "soul" can be spoken of as the part of a person that "relates to God."
 * The word “soul” is sometimes used figuratively to refer to the whole person. For example, “the soul who sins” means “the person who sins” and “my soul is tired” means,”I am tired.”

bible/kt/transgression.md

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-The term “transgression” refers to the breaking of a command, rule, or moral code. To “transgress” is to commit a “transgression.”
+The term “transgress” means to cross a line or to violate a boundary.  The term is often used figuratively, meaning to break a command, rule, or moral code. 
 
-* Figuratively, to “transgress” can also be described as to “cross a line,” that is, to go beyond a limit or boundary that has been set for the good of the person and others.
-* The terms “transgression,” “sin,” “iniquity,” and “trespass” all include the meaning of acting against God’s will and disobeying his commands.
+* This term is very similar to the word "trespass," but is generally used more often to describe violations against God than against other people.
+* To “transgress” can also be described as to “cross a line,” that is, to go beyond a limit or boundary that has been set for the good of the person and others.
 
 ## Translation Suggestions:
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The term “transgression” refers to the breaking of a command, rule, or moral
 
 (See: [parallelism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism))
 
-(See also: [sin](../kt/sin.md), [trespass](../kt/trespass.md), [iniquity](../kt/iniquity.md))
+(See also: [disobey](../other/disobey.md), [sin](../kt/sin.md), [trespass](../kt/trespass.md), [iniquity](../kt/iniquity.md))
 
 ## Bible References:
 

bible/kt/trespass.md

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-To “trespass” means to break a law or to violate the rights of another person. A “trespass” is the action of “trespassing.”
+The term “trespass” means to cross a line or to violate a boundary. This term is often used figuratively, meaning to break a law or to violate the rights of another person.
 
-* A trespass can be a violation of moral or civil law or a sin committed against another person.
-* This term is related to the terms “sin,” and “transgress,” especially as it relates to disobeying God.
-* All sins are trespasses against God.
+* This term is very similar to the word "transgression," but is generally used more often to describe violations against other people than against God.
+* A trespass can be a violation of a moral law or a civil law.
+* A trespass can also be a sin committed against another person.
+* This term is related to the terms “sin” and “transgress,” especially as it relates to disobeying God. All sins are trespasses against God.
 
 ## Translation Suggestions:
 

bible/kt/true.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-The term “truth” refers to facts, events, and statements that correspond with reality.  Facts describe the universe as it really exists. True events are events that actually happened. True statements are statements that are not false according the real world.
+The term “truth” refers to facts, events, and statements that correspond with reality. True facts describe the universe as it really exists. True events are events that actually happened. True statements are statements that are not false according the real world.
 
 * "True" things are real, genuine, actual, rightful, legitimate, and factual.
 * "Truth" means understandings, beliefs, facts, or statements that are true.

bible/kt/worship.md

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-# worship
+# prostrate, worship
 
 ## Definition:
 
-To “worship” means to honor, praise and obey someone, especially God.
+To “prostrate” oneself means to lie flat on the ground, usually in submission to a person of authority such as a king or some other powerful person. This same term can also mean to "worship," referring to the actions of honoring, praising, and obeying God.
 
 * This term often means literally “bow down” or “prostrate oneself” to humbly honor someone.
 * We worship God when we serve and honor him, by praising him and obeying him.
 * When the Israelites worshiped God, it often included sacrificing an animal on an altar. 
-* Some people worshiped false gods.
+* This term can be used both of people who worship Yahweh as the One True God and others who worship false gods.
 
 ## Translation Suggestions:
 

bible/other/adversary.md

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-An “adversary” is a person or group who is opposed to someone or something. The term “enemy” has a similar meaning.
+An “adversary” is a person (or group of people) who is opposed to someone else. The term “enemy” has a similar meaning.
 
-* Your adversary can be a person who tries to oppose you or harm you. 
+* Your adversary can be a person who tries to oppose or harm another person. 
 * When two nations fight, each can be called an “adversary” of the other.
 * In the Bible, the devil is referred to as an “adversary” and an “enemy.”
-* Adversary may be translated as “opponent” or “enemy,” but it suggests a tronger form of opposition.
+* The term "adversary" may be translated as “opponent” or “enemy,” but it suggests a stronger form of opposition.
 
 (See also: [Satan](../kt/satan.md))
 

bible/other/assembly.md

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-The term “assembly” usually refers to a group of people who come together to discuss problems, give advice, and make decisions.
+The term “assembly” usually refers to a group of people who come together for some reason, often to discuss problems, give advice, or make decisions. An assembly can be a group that is organized in an official and somewhat permanent way, or it can be a group of people who come together temporarily for a specific purpose or occasion.
 
-* An assembly can be a group that is organized in an official and somewhat permanent way, or it can be a group of people who come together temporarily for a specific purpose or occasion.
+### Old Testament
 * In the Old Testament there was a special kind of assembly called a “sacred assembly” in which the people of Israel would gather to worship Yahweh.
 * Sometimes the term “assembly” referred to the Israelites in general, as a group.
-* A large gathering of enemy soldiers was sometimes also referred to as an “assembly.” This could be translated as “army.”
+
+### New Testament
 * In the New Testament, an assembly of 70 Jewish leaders in major cities such as Jerusalem would meet to judge legal matters and to settle disputes between people. This assembly was known as the “Sanhedrin” or the “Council.”
 
 ## Translation Suggestions
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ The term “assembly” usually refers to a group of people who come together to
 * Depending on the context, “assembly” could also be translated as “special gathering” or “congregation” or “council” or “army” or “large group.”
 * When the term “assembly” refers generally to the Israelites as a whole, it could also be translated as “community” or “people of Israel.”
 * The phrase, “all the assembly” could be translated as “all the people” or “the whole group of Israelites” or “everyone.” (See: [hyperbole](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole))
+* A large gathering of enemy soldiers was sometimes also referred to as an “assembly.” This could be translated as “army.”
 
 (See also: [council](../other/council.md))
 

bible/other/declare.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ The terms “declare” and “declaration” refer to making a formal or public
 * The term “declaration” could also be translated as “statement” or “proclamation.”
 * The phrase “this is Yahweh’s declaration” could be translated as “this is what Yahweh declares” or “this is what Yahweh says.” 
 
-(See also: [proclaim](../other/preach.md))
+(See also: [preach](../other/preach.md), [decree](../other/decree.md))
 
 ## Bible References:
 

bible/other/decree.md

@@ -2,15 +2,14 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-A decree is a proclamation or law that is publicly declared to all the people.
+The term "decree" means to give an order that must be obeyed.  The order itself can also be called a "decree."
 
+* A "decree" is similar to a "law," but is generally used more often to refer to something spoken rather than written.
+* The term "decree" could be translated as to “order” or to “command” or to “formally require” or to “publicly make a law.”
 * God’s laws are also called decrees, statutes, or commandments.
-* Like laws and commands, decrees  must be obeyed.
 * An example of a decree by a human ruler was the proclamation by Caesar Augustus that everyone living in the Roman Empire must go back to their hometown in order to be counted in a census.
-* To decree something means to give an order that must be obeyed. This could be translated as to “order” or to “command” or to “formally require” or to “publicly make a law.”
-* Something that is “decreed” to happen means that this “will definitely happen” or “has been decided upon and will not be changed” or “declared absolutely that this will happen.”
 
-(See also: [command](../kt/command.md), [declare](../other/declare.md), [law](../other/law.md), [proclaim](../other/preach.md))
+(See also: [command](../kt/command.md), [declare](../other/declare.md), [law](../other/law.md))
 
 ## Bible References:
 

bible/other/delight.md

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-# delight, delighted, delightful
+# delight
 
 ## Definition:
 
-A “delight” is something that pleases someone greatly or causes much joy. 
+The term “delight” means great pleasure or great joy. 
 
-* To “delight in” something means to “take joy in” or “be happy about” it.
+* To “delight in” something means to "to take pleasure in" or “take joy in” or “be happy about" it. If a person "delights in" something, it means that he enjoys it very much.
 * When something is very agreeable or pleasing it is called “delightful.”
-* If a persons delight is in something it means that he enjoys it very much.
 * The expression “my delight is in the law of Yahweh” could be translated as “the law of Yahweh gives me great joy” or “I love to obey the laws of Yahweh” or “I am happy when I obey Yahweh’s commands.”
 * The phrases “take no delight in” and “have no delight in” could be translated as “not at all pleased by” or “not happy about.”
-* The  phrase “delight himself in” means “he enjoys doing” something or “he is very happy about” something or someone.
+* The phrase “delight himself in” means “he enjoys doing” something or “he is very happy about” something or someone.
 * The term “delights” refers to things that a person enjoys. This could be translated as “pleasures” or “things that give joy.”
 * An expression such as “I delight to do your will” could also be translated as “I enjoy doing your will” or “I am very happy when I obey you.”
 

bible/other/destroyer.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# destroy, destroyer, destruction, harmed
+# destroy, destruction, annihilate
 
 ## Definition:
 
-To destroy something is to completely make an end to it, so that it no longer exists.
+The term "destroy" means to completely make an end to something, so that it no longer exists.
 
-* The term “destroyer” literally means “person who destroys.”
+* The term “destroyer” means, “a person who destroys.”
 * This term is often used in the Old Testament as a general reference to anyone who destroys other people, such as an invading army.
 * When God sent the angel to kill all the firstborn males in Egypt, that angel was referred to as “the destroyer of the firstborn.” This could be translated as “the one (or angel) who killed the firstborn males.”
 * In the book of Revelation about the end times, Satan or some other evil spirit is called “the Destroyer.” He is the “one who destroys” because his purpose is to destroy and ruin everything God created.

bible/other/feast.md

@@ -2,17 +2,16 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-The term “feast” refers to an event where a group of people eat a very large meal together, often for the purpose of celebrating something. The action to “feast” means to eat a large amount of food or to participate in eating a feast together.
+The term “feast” is a very general term that refers to an event where people gather to celebrate something by eating a large meal together. In biblical times, a feast sometimes lasted for several days or more.
 
 * Often there are special kinds of food that are eaten at a certain feast.
 * The religious festivals that God commanded the Jews to celebrate usually included having a feast together. For this reason the festivals are often called “feasts.”
-* In Bible times, kings and other rich and powerful people often gave feasts to entertain their family or friends.
+* In biblical times, kings and other rich and powerful people often gave feasts to entertain their family or friends.
 * In the story about the lost son, the father had a special feast prepared to celebrate the return of his son.
-* A feast sometimes lasted for several days or more.
 * The term to “feast” could also be translated as to “eat lavishly” or to “celebrate by eating lots of food” or to “eat a special, large meal.”
 * Depending on the context, “feast” could be translated as “celebrating together with a large meal” or “a meal with a lot of food” or “a celebration meal.”
 
-(See also: [festival](../other/festival.md))
+(See also: [festival](../other/festival.md), [banquet](../other/banquet.md))
 
 ## Bible References:
 

bible/other/hang.md

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 
 The term “hang” means to suspend something or someone above the ground.
 
-* Death by hanging typically is done by tying a rope that is tied around a person’s neck and sustending him from an elevated object, like a tree limb. Judas killed himself by hanging.
-* Although Jesus died while hanging on a wooden cross, there was nothing around his neck: the soldiers suspended him by nailing his hands (or wrists) and his feet to the cross.
-* To hang someone always refers to the way of killing someone by hanging them with a rope around their neck.
+* In modern times, death by hanging is usually done by tying a rope around a person’s neck and suspending him from an elevated object until he dies. This elevated object can be any number of things, such as a tree or a gallows, that is, a platform built specifically for the purpose of hanging a person in order to kill him. 
+* In biblical times, however, ancient cultures may not have killed people by hanging in precisely the same way. For example, Jesus died while hanging on a wooden cross (sometimes called a "tree"), but there was nothing around his neck. The soldiers suspended him by nailing his hands (or wrists) and his feet to the cross.
+* Some ancient cultures "hung" a person by impaling him on a wooden pole in such a way that he was suspended above the ground so that he could not escape. The person would be left there until he died. 
+* For many references to death by "hanging" in the Bible, the specific means of death is unknown.
 
 
 ## Bible References:

bible/other/head.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-The word “head” refers to the uppermost body part of a human body, above the neck.  In the Bible, this term can mean many different things, including "top," "first," "beginning," "source," and other concepts. 
+The word “head” refers to the uppermost body part of a human body, above the neck.  This term is often used figuratively to mean many different things, including "top," "first," "beginning," "source," and other concepts. 
 
 Some examples of various uses of the term "head" include:
 

bible/other/house.md

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
-# house, housetop, storehouse, housekeepers
+# house
 
 ## Definition:
 
-The term “house” refers to a small building, shelter, or tent, usually the place where a family sleeps. In the Bible, the term "house" can often refer to various concepts such as "household" or "descendants," etc.
+The term “house” refers to a small building, shelter, or tent, usually the place where a family sleeps. The term is often used figuratively in the Bible to mean various concepts such as "household" or "descendants," etc.
 
-* Sometimes it means “household,” referring to the people who live together in one house.
-* Often “house” refers to a person’s descendants or other relatives. For example, the phrase “house of David” refers to all the descendants of King David.
+* Sometimes the term "house" means “household,” referring to the people who live together in one house.
+* Sometimes the term "house" means "family" or "descendants," referring to all the people related to or descended from a particular person. For example, the phrase “house of David” refers to all the descendants of King David.
 * The terms “house of God” and “house of Yahweh” refer to the tabernacle or temple. These expressions can also refer generally to a central place where Yahweh was worshipped.
-* In Hebrews 3, “God’s house” is used as a metaphor to refer to God’s people or, more generally, to everything pertaining to God.
 * The phrase “house of Israel” can refer generally to the entire nation of Israel or more specifically to the tribes of the northern kingdom of Israel.
 
 ## Translation Suggestions

bible/other/joy.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 ### joy
 
-Joy is a feeling of delight or deep satisfaction that comes from God. The related term “joyful” describes a person who feels very glad and is full of deep happiness.
+The term "joy" refers to a feeling of delight or deep satisfaction. The related term “joyful” describes a person who feels very glad and is full of deep happiness.
 
 * A person feels joy when he has a deep sense that what he is experiencing is very good.
 * God is the one who gives true joy to people.

bible/other/law.md

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-# law, lawgiver, lawbreaker, lawsuit, lawyer, principle
+# law, principle
 
 ## Definition:
 
-A “law” is a legal rule that is usually written down and enforced by someone in authority. A “principle” is a guideline for decision-making and behavior.
+A “law” is a legal rule that is usually written down and enforced by someone in authority. A “principle” is a guideline for decision-making and behavior, and is usually not written down or enforced. However, sometimes the term "law" is used to mean a "principle."
 
+* A "law" is similar to a "decree," but the term "law" is generally used to refer to something written rather than spoken.
 * Both “law” and “principle” can refer to a general rule or belief that guides a person’s behavior.
 * This meaning of “law” is different from its meaning in the term “law of Moses,” where it refers to commands and instructions that God gave the Israelites.
 * When a general law is being referred to, “law” could be translated as “principle” or “general rule.”
 
-(See also: [law of Moses](../kt/lawofmoses.md))
+(See also: [law of Moses](../kt/lawofmoses.md), [decree](../other/law.md), [command](../other/command.md), [declare](../other/declare.md))
 
 ## Bible References:
 

bible/other/oath.md

@@ -2,16 +2,14 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-In the Bible, an oath is a formal promise to do something. The person making the oath is required to fulfill that promise. An oath involves a commitment to being faithful and truthful.
+The term "oath" in the Bible refers to a formal promise, usually made in a legal or religious context, in which the person making the oath accepts some kind of accountability or punishment if he does not fulfill his promise. In the Bible, the term "swear" means to make an oath.
 
 * In a court of law, a witness often gives an oath to promise that whatever he says will be true and factual.
-* In the Bible, the term “swear” means to speak an oath.
+* In modern times, one meaning of the word “swear” is to use foul or vulgar language. This is never its meaning in the Bible.
 * The term “swear by” means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made.
-* Sometimes these terms are used together, as in “swear an oath.”
 * Abraham and Abimelech swore an oath when they made a covenant together concerning the use of a well.
 * Abraham told his servant to swear (formally promise) that he would find Isaac a wife from among Abraham’s relatives.
 * God also made oaths in which he made promises to his people.
-* A modern-day meaning of the word “swear” means is “use foul language.” This is not its meaning in the Bible.
 
 ## Translation Suggestions:
 

bible/other/obey.md

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-# obey, obedience, obedient
+# obey, obedient
 
 ## Definition:
 
-The term “obey” means to do what is required or commanded. The term “obedient” describes someone who obeys. “Obedience” is the characteristic that an obedient person has.Sometimes the command is about not doing something, as in “do not steal.”
+The term “obey” means to do what has been commanded by a person or law. The term “obedient” describes someone who obeys. Sometimes a command prohibits doing something, as in “do not steal.” In this case, to "obey" means not to steal.
 
-* Usually the term “obey” is used in the context of obeying the commands or laws of a person in authority.
-* For example, people obey laws which are created by the leaders of a country, kingdom, or other organization.
-* Children obey their parents, slaves obey their masters, people obey God, and citizens obey the laws of their country.
+* Usually the term “obey” is used in the context of obeying the commands or laws of a person in authority. For example, people obey laws which are created by the leaders of a country, kingdom, or other organization.
+* Children obey their parents, people obey God, and citizens obey the laws of their country.
 * When someone in authority commands people not to do something, they obey by not doing that.
 * Ways to translate obey could include a word or phrase that means “do what is commanded” or “follow orders” or “do what God says to do.”
 * The term “obedient” could be translated as “doing what was commanded” or “following orders” or “doing what God commands.”

bible/other/plead.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# plea, plead
+# plea, plead, beg, implore
 
 ## Facts:
 

bible/other/rage.md

@@ -2,12 +2,9 @@
 
 ## Facts:
 
-Rage is excessive anger what is out of control. When someone rages, it means that person is expressing anger in a destructive way.
+The term "rage" refers to intense anger. Often, the term is used to describe an angry person who is out of control in some way.
 
-* Rage happens when the emotion of anger causes a person to lose self control.
-* When controlled by rage, people commit destructive acts and say destructive things.
-* The term to “rage” can also mean to move powerfully, in descriptions such as a “raging” storm or ocean waves that “rage.”
-* When the “nations rage,” their to ungodly people disobey God and rebel against him.
+* When used as a verb, the term “rage” can mean to move powerfully, such as in descriptions of a “raging” storm or ocean waves that “rage.”
 * To be “filled with rage” means to have an overwhelming feeling of extreme anger.
 
 (See also: [self-control](../other/selfcontrol.md)) 

bible/other/royal.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# royal, royalty, kings’
+# royal, royalty, king's, queen's
 
 ## Definition:
 
 The term “royal” describes people and things associated with a king or queen.
 
-* Examples of things that could be called “royal” include a king’s clothing, palace, throne, and crown.
+* Examples of things that could be called “royal” include a king’s (or queen's) position, clothing, palace, throne, and crown.
 * A king or queen usually lived in a royal palace.
 * A king wore special clothing, sometimes called “royal robes.” Often a king’s robes were purple, this color could only be produced by  a rare and expensive type of dye.
 * In the New Testament, believers in Jesus were called a “royal priesthood.” Other ways to translate this could include “priests who serve God the King” or “called to be priests for God the King.”

bible/other/scepter.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The term “scepter” refers to an ornamental rod or staff held by a ruler, suc
 * The scepter was a symbol of royalty and authority and also symbolized the honor and dignity associated with a king.
 * In the Old Testament, God was described as having a scepter of righteousness because God rules as king over his people.
 * An Old Testament prophecy referred to the Messiah as a symbolic scepter that would come from Israel to rule over all nations.
-* This could also be translated as “ruling rod” or “king’s rod.
+* This could also be translated as "ruling rod" or “ruler's rod” or “king’s rod."
 
 (See also: [authority](../kt/authority.md), [Christ](../kt/christ.md), [king](../other/king.md), [righteous](../kt/righteous.md))
 

bible/other/seal.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-To seal an object means to keep it closed with something that makes it impossible to open without breaking the seal.
+To term "seal" means to close an object with something (usually called a "seal") that makes the object impossible to open without breaking the seal.
 
 * Often a seal is marked with a design to show who it belongs to. 
 * Melted wax was used to seal letters or other documents that needed to be protected. When the wax cooled and hardened, the letter could not be opened without breaking the wax seal. The person who received the letter would see the unbroken seal and know that no one had opened it.

bible/other/seed.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-A seed is the part of a plant that gets planted in the ground to reproduce more of the same kind of plant. It also has several figurative meanings.
+A "seed" is the part of a plant that gets planted in the ground to reproduce more of the same kind of plant. However, in the Bible the term "seed" is used figuratively to mean several different things.
 
-* The term “seed” is used figuratively and euphemistically to refer to the tiny cells inside a man that combine with cells of a woman to cause a baby to grow inside her. A collection of these  is called semen.
+* The term “seed” is used figuratively and euphemistically to refer to the tiny cells inside a man that combine with cells of a woman to cause a baby to grow inside her. A collection of these cells is called "semen."
 * Related to this, “seed” is also used to refer to a person’s offspring or descendants.
 * This word often has a plural meaning, referring to more than one seed grain or more than one descendant.
 * In the parable of the farmer planting seeds, Jesus compared his seeds to the Word of God, which is planted in people’s hearts in order to produce good spiritual fruit.
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ A seed is the part of a plant that gets planted in the ground to reproduce more
 
 * For a literal seed, it is best to use the literal term for “seed” that is used in the target language for what a farmer plants in his field.
 * The literal term should also be used in contexts where it refers figuratively to God’s Word.
-* For the figurative use that refers to people who are of the same family line, it may be more clear to use the word “descendant” or “descendants” instead of seed. Some languages may have a word that means “children and grandchildren.”
+* For the figurative use that refers to people who are of the same family line, it may be more clear to use the word “descendant” or “descendants” instead of "seed." Some languages may have a word that means “children and grandchildren.”
 * For a man or woman’s “seed,” consider how the target expresses this in a way that will not offend or embarrass people.  (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism))
 
 (See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [offspring](../other/offspring.md))

bible/other/seek.md

@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-The term “seek” means to look for something or someone. The past tense is “sought.” It can also mean “try hard” or “make an effort” to do something.
+The term “seek” means to look for something or someone. In the past tense, the verb is “sought.” This term is sometimes used figuratively, meaning to "attempt" or “make an effort” to do something or to ask for something.
 
 * To “seek” or “look for” an opportunity to do something can mean  to “try to find a time” to do it.
 * To “seek Yahweh” means to “spend time and energy getting to know Yahweh and learning to obey him.”
 * To “seek protection” means to “try to find a person or place that will protect you from danger.”
 * To “seek justice” means to “make an effort to see that people are treated justly or fairly.”
 * To “seek the truth” means to “make an effort to find out what the truth is.”
-* To “seek favor” means to “try to get favor” or to “do things to cause someone to help you.”
+* To “seek favor” means to “urgently ask for favor” or to “do things to cause someone to help you.”
 
 (See also: [just](../kt/justice.md), [true](../kt/true.md))
 

bible/other/tongue.md

@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@
 
 ## Definition:
 
-There are several figurative meanings of “tongue” in the Bible. 
+The term "tongue" refers to the organ inside a person's mouth that is used to speak. The term is often used figuratively to mean "language" or "speaking." There also several other figurative meanings as well. 
 
 * In the Bible, the most common figurative meaning for this term is “language” or “speech.”
 * Sometimes “tongue” may refer to a human language spoken by a certain people group.
 * Other times it refers to a supernatural language that the Holy Spirit gives believers in Christ as one of the “gifts of the Spirit.”
-* The expression “tongues” of fire refers to “flames” of fire.
-* In the expression “my tongue rejoices,” the term “tongue” refers to the whole person. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
-* The phrase “lying tongue” refers to a person’s voice or speech. (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy))
+* In the book of Acts, the expression “tongues” of fire refers to “flames” of fire, presumably shaped like tongues.
 
 ## Translation Suggestions
 
-* Depending on the context, the term “tongue” can be translated by “language” or “spiritual language.” If it is not clear which one it is referring to, it is better to translate it as “language.”
+* Depending on the context, the term “tongue” can be translated as “language” or “supernatural language.” If it is not clear which one it is referring to, it is better to translate it as “language.”
 * When referring to fire, this term could be translated as “flames.”
 * The expression “my tongue rejoices” could be translated as “I rejoice and praise God” or “I am joyfully praising God.”
 * The phrase, “tongue that lies” could be translated as “person who tell lies” or “people who lie.”

bible/other/tremble.md

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-# tremble, staggering
+# tremble, stagger
 
 ## Definition:
 
-To “tremble” means to shake or quiver out of fear or extreme distress.
+The term “tremble” means to quiver or to shake slightly and repeatedly, usually from fear or distress.  The term can also be used figuratively, meaning "to be very afraid."
 
-* This term is also used figuratively to mean “be very afraid.”
 * Sometimes when the ground shakes it is said to “tremble.” It can do this during an earthquake or in response to  a very loud noise.
 * The Bible says that in the presence of the Lord the earth will tremble. This could mean that the people of the earth will shake out of fear of God or that the earth itself will shake.
 * This term could be translated as “be afraid” or “fear God” or “shake,” depending on the context.

bible/other/wisemen.md

@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
-# wise men
+# wise men, advisor
 
-## Facts:
+## Definition:
 
-In the Bible, the phrase “wise men” often refers to men who serve God and act wisely, not foolishly. This is also a special term that refers to men with unusual knowledge and abilities who served as part of a king’s court.
+The term “wise men” simply means people who are wise. In the Bible, however, the term "wise men" often refers to men with unusual knowledge and abilities who served in a king's royal court as advisors to the king or other high officials.
 
+### Old Testament
 * Sometimes the term “wise men” is explained in the text as “prudent men” or “men with understanding.” This refers to men who act wisely and righteously because they obey God.
-* The “wise men” who served pharaohs and other kings were often scholars who studied the stars, especially looking for special meanings for the patterns that the stars made in their positions in the sky.
+* The “wise men” who served pharaohs or other kings were often scholars who studied the stars, especially looking for special meanings for the patterns that the stars made in their positions in the sky. Sometimes "wise men" also practiced divination of performed acts of magic, probably by the power of evil spirits.
 * Often wise men were expected to explain the meanings of dreams. For example, King Nebuchadnezzar demanded that his wise men describe his dreams and tell him what they meant, but none of them was able to do this, except Daniel who had received this knowledge from God.
-* Sometimes wise men also performed magical acts such as divination or miracles that were done through the power of evil spirits.
-* In the New Testament, the group of men who came from eastern regions to worship Jesus were called “magi,” which is often translated as “wise men,” since this probably refers to scholars who served a ruler of an eastern country.
-* It is very probable that these men were astrologers who studied the stars. Some have thought that they may have been descendants of the wise men whom Daniel taught when he was in Babylon.
+
+### New Testament 
+* The group of men who came from eastern regions to worship Jesus were called “magi,” which is often translated as “wise men,” since this probably refers to scholars who served a ruler of an eastern country.
+
+## Translation Suggestions:
+
 * Depending on the context, the term “wise men” could be translated using the term “wise” or with a phrase such as “gifted men” or “educated men” or some other term that refers to men who have an important job working for a ruler.
-* When “wise men” is simply a noun phrase, the word “wise” should be translated in the same or similar way to how it is translated elsewhere in the Bible.
+* When the term “wise men” simply means people who are wise, the word “wise” should be translated in the same or similar way to how it is translated elsewhere in the Bible.
 
 (See also: [Babylon](../names/babylon.md), [Daniel](../names/daniel.md), [divination](../other/divination.md), [magic](../other/magic.md), [Nebuchadnezzar](../names/nebuchadnezzar.md), [ruler](../other/ruler.md), [wise](../kt/wise.md))