Add tA links (#51)

content/30/05.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “told t
 
 # You give them something to eat!
 
-Jesus said this to emphasize that the disciples themselves should find food for the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
+Jesus said this to emphasize that the disciples themselves should find food for the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
 
 # You
 

content/34/01.md

@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
 # stories
 
-Jesus used these stories to teach truths about God’s kingdom. It is not clear if the events actually happened or not. If your language has a term that includes both fictional and real stories, you should use it here.
+Jesus used these stories as parables to teach truths about God’s kingdom. It is not clear if the events actually happened or not. If your language has a term that includes both fictional and real stories, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
+
+# The kingdom of God is like a mustard seed
+
+This simile speaks of the kingdom of God as if it was a mustard seed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+
+# the mustard seed is the smallest seed of all
+
+Mustard seeds were the smallest seeds known to the original hearers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # a mustard seed
 
-This probably refers to the seed of the black mustard plant, which has tiny seeds that rapidly grow into very large plants. If there is a word for this plant in your language, you should use it. If not, you may need to substitute the name of another plant which has the same characteristics.
+This probably refers to the seed of the black mustard plant, which has tiny seeds that rapidly grow into very large plants. If there is a word for this plant in your language, you should use it. If not, you may need to substitute the name of another plant which has the same characteristics. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns]])
 
 # the smallest seed of all
 

content/34/03.md

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 # story
 
-See how you translated this term in [34:01](34/01).
+The story was in the form of a parable. See how you translated this term in [34:01](34/01). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) 
+
+# The kingdom of God is like yeast
+
+The kingdom of God is spoken of as if it was yeast that is mixed into dough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 
 # yeast
 
-This can also be translated as, “leaven” or, “the little bit of leaven.” It is added to bread dough to make it rise. A little bit of yeast can be mixed into a large amount of dough and make the whole batch of dough rise.
+This can also be translated as, “leaven” or, “the little bit of leaven.” It is added to bread dough to make it rise. A little bit of yeast can be mixed into a large amount of dough and make the whole batch of dough rise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # bread dough
 

content/34/04.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 Jesus told another story.
 
+# The kingdom of God is also like treasure
+
+The kingdom of God is spoken of as if it was a hidden treasure in a field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+
 # treasure
 
 That is, “something that is very valuable.”
@@ -14,6 +18,6 @@ It is also possible to add, “so that no one else would find it.”
 
 Another way to say this is, “very happy” or, “excited.”
 
-# buy that field
+# so he could buy that field where the treasure was
 
-Some people may want to add, “so that the treasure would be his.”
+The implied information is that the person buys the field to take possession of the hidden treasure. This can be clearly stated: "so he could buy that field so that the treasure would be his.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

content/34/05.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 Jesus continues with another story about the kingdom of God.
 
+# The kingdom of God is also like a perfect pearl of great value
+
+The kingdom of God is spoken of as if it was a perfect pearl that was worth a lot of money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+
 # a perfect pearl
 
 That is, “a pearl without any defects.”

content/34/06.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# Jesus told them this story
+
+Jesus told this story in the form of a parable. It may or may not refer to an event that actually happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
+
 # story
 
 See how you translated this term in [34:01](34/01).
@@ -5,3 +9,7 @@ See how you translated this term in [34:01](34/01).
 # despised others
 
 That is, “considered other people to be inferior to them” or, “looked down on other people.”
+
+# a tax collector…a religious leader
+
+Religious leaders thought that they themselves were the best examples of righteous good people, and they thought that tax collectors were the most unrighteous sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

content/34/07.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 Jesus continues the story.
 
+# The religious leader prayed like this, ‘Thank you, God, that I am not a sinner like other men—such as robbers, unjust men, adulterers, or even like that tax collector over there.’
+
+This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: "The religious leader prayed and thanked God that he was not a sinner like other men—such as robbers, unjust men, adulterers, or even like the tax collector." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
+
 # The religious leader prayed like this
 
 Another way to say this would be, “This is how the religious leader prayed” or, “The religious leader prayed in this way.”
@@ -10,6 +14,10 @@ Another way to say this would be, “This is how the religious leader prayed”
 
 That is, “I am not sinful like” or, “I am righteous, not like.”
 
+# such as robbers, unjust men, adulterers, or even like that tax collector
+
+The Pharisees believed that tax collectors were as sinful as robbers, unrighteous people, and adulterers. This could be made explicit. Alternate translation: "and I am certainly not like this sinful tax collector who cheats people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+
 # unjust men
 
 That is, “men who are not righteous” or, “people who do evil things” or, “law breakers.”

content/34/08.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 Jesus continues to tell of the religious leader’s prayer.
 
+# ‘For example, I fast two times every week and I give you ten percent of all the money and goods that I receive.’
+
+This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: "‘The tax collector said he fasted fast two times every week and gave God ten percent of all the money and goods that he received." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
+
 # I fast
 
 The religious ruler believed that doing this would earn favor with God.

content/34/09.md

@@ -12,4 +12,9 @@ The word “even” indicates that people normally looked up to heaven when pray
 
 # he pounded on his chest with his fist
 
-This could also be translated as, “because of his grief, he hit his chest with his fist” or, “he pounded his chest in sorrow.” If people would find this hard to understand because they beat their chest for other reasons, you could translate this as, “he showed his despair.”
+This could also be translated as, “because of his grief, he hit his chest with his fist” or, “he pounded his chest in sorrow.” If people would find this hard to understand because they beat their chest for other reasons, you could translate this as, “he showed his despair.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
+
+# and prayed, ‘God, please be merciful to me because I am a sinner.’
+
+This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: "and prayed and begged God to be merciful to him because he was a sinner." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
+

content/35/01.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # One day
 
-This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story.
+This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
 
 # tax collectors
 

content/35/02.md

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 # story
 
-Jesus used this story to teach truths about God’s kingdom. It is not clear if the events actually happened or not. If your language has a term that includes both fictional and real stories, you should use it here.
+Jesus used this story to teach truths about God’s kingdom. It is not clear if the events actually happened or not. If your language has a term that includes both fictional and real stories, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

content/35/03.md

@@ -2,6 +2,18 @@
 
 Jesus tells the story.
 
+# There was a man
+
+This introduces a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
+
+# told his father, ‘Father, I want my inheritance now!’
+
+This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: "told his father that he wanted his inheritance right away!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
+
+# I want my inheritance now!
+
+The son said this to emphasize that he was not willing to wait until after his father died in order to receive his inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
 # my inheritance
 
 This could be translated as, “the part of your wealth that will be rightfully mine when you die.”

content/35/06.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 Jesus continues the story.
 
+# said to himself, ‘What am I doing? All my father’s servants have plenty to eat, and yet here I am starving. I will go back to my father and ask to be one of his servants.’
+
+This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: "asked himself what he was doing! All his father’s servants have plenty to eat, and yet he was there starving. He decided to go back to his father and ask to be one of his father's servants." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
+
 # What am I doing?
 
 That is, “Why am I living like this?” or, “ I should not be living like this!” or, “It doesn’t make sense for me to live like this.” The son isn’t really asking a question, so some languages will have to translate this as a statement.

content/35/07.md

@@ -9,3 +9,8 @@ This can also be translated as, “within sight of his father’s home, but stil
 # felt compassion
 
 That is, “felt deep love and pity.”
+
+# hugged him and kissed him
+
+The father did this to show his son that he loved him and was glad that the son was coming home. If people think that it is strange or wrong for a man to embrace or hug and kiss his son, you can substitute a way that men in your culture show affection to their sons. Alternate translation: "welcomed him affectionately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+

content/35/08.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 Jesus continues the story.
 
+# said, ‘Father, I have sinned against God and against you. I am not worthy to be your son.’
+
+This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: "told his father that he had sinned against God and against his father, and was not worthy to be his son." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
+
 # sinned against God and against you
 
 This could be translated as, “sinned against God, and I have also sinned against you.”

content/35/09.md

@@ -2,10 +2,27 @@
 
 Jesus continues the story.
 
+# servants, ‘Go quickly and bring the best clothes and put them on my son! Put a ring on his finger and put sandals on his feet. Then kill the best calf so we can have a feast and celebrate, because my son was dead, but now he is alive! He was lost, but now we have found him!’
+
+This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: "servants to go quickly and bring the best clothes and put them on his son, and to put a ring on his finger and put sandals on his feet! He also told him to kill the best calf so they could have a feast and celebrate, because his son was dead, but now he is alive! He was lost, but now he had found him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
+
+# Put a ring on his finger
+
+A ring was a sign of authority that men wore on one of their fingers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
+
+# put sandals on his feet
+
+Wealthy people of that time wore sandals. However, in many cultures the modern equivalent would be "shoes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+
 # the best calf
 
 This could also be translated as, “the fattest calf.” This was the calf that had been fattened so that when cooked it would taste the best.
 
-# My son was dead, but now he is alive!
+# my son was dead, but now he is alive!
+
+This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he were lost. That is, “This is like my son was dead and is alive again!” or, “I grieved as if my son had died, but now I rejoice because it is as if he has come back to life!” The father is using this expression to show how happy he is that his son has come home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+
+# He was lost, but now we have found him!
+
+This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he were lost. That is, “This is like my son was lost and I have found him again!” or, “I grieved as if my son was lost, but now I rejoice because it is as if I have found him again!” The father is using this expression to show how happy he is that his son has come home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
-That is, “This is like my son was dead and is alive again!” or, “I grieved as if my son had died, but now I rejoice because it is as if he has come back to life!” The father is using this expression to show how happy he is that his son has come home.

content/35/12.md

@@ -2,13 +2,17 @@
 
 Jesus continues the story.
 
+# All these years I have worked faithfully for you!
+
+The son said this to his father to emphasize that he thought his father was treating him unfairly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
 # one small goat
 
 A small goat would have fed fewer people than the best calf, and would not be valued as much. The older brother is complaining that his father was treating the sinful younger son better than him.
 
 # this son of yours
 
-This expression shows that the older son was angry. It shows his rejection of his younger brother and his disapproval of his father for welcoming back this wayward son. Other languages may also have an indirect way of communicating these things.
+This expression shows that the older son was angry. It shows his rejection of his younger brother and his disapproval of his father for welcoming back this wayward son. Other languages may also have an indirect way of communicating these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # wasted your money
 

content/35/13.md

@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ That is, “it is the right thing for us to do” or, “it is proper for us.”
 
 # your brother
 
-The father refers to his younger son as, “your brother” to remind the older son of his relationship to the younger son and of how he should love his younger brother.
+The father refers to his younger son as, “your brother” to remind the older son of his relationship to the younger son and of how he should love his younger brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # was dead, but now is alive
 
-See how you translated this in [35:09](35/09).
+See how you translated this in [35:09](35/09). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# He was lost
+# He was lost, but now we have found him!
 
-See how you translated this in [35:09](35/09).
+See how you translated this in [35:09](35/09). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # A Bible story from
 

content/36/01.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # One day
 
-This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story.
+This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
 
 # James
 

content/36/02.md

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+# his face became as bright as the sun
+
+This simile emphasizes how bright Jesus' appearance became. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+
+# His clothes became as white as light
+
+This simile emphasizes how white Jesus' clothes became. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+
 # whiter 
 
 That is, “more white.”

content/36/04.md

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
+# It is good for us to be here
+
+It is not clear whether "us" refers only to Peter, James, and John, or if it refers to everyone there, including Jesus, Elijah, and Moses. If you can translate so that both options are possible, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+
 # shelters
 
 This can also be translated as, “lean-tos” or, “garden huts” or, “tents.” It refers to small, individual, temporary shelters, like the Jews made from tree branches during an annual Jewish holiday.
 
 # did not know what he was saying
 
-That is, “was speaking without understanding what was happening” or, “spoke without thinking clearly because he was so excited.”
+That is, “was speaking without understanding what was happening” or, “spoke without thinking clearly because he was so excited.” This is background information about why Peter said what he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+

content/36/05.md

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 # a voice coming from the cloud. It said
 
-This can also be translated as, “a voice spoke from the cloud saying” or, “God spoke from the cloud and said.”
+Here "a voice" is a metonym that refers to someone who spoke. This can also be translated as, “a voice spoke from the cloud saying” or, “God spoke from the cloud and said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+
+# my Son
+
+This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 
 # Listen to him
 

content/36/06.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 That is, “put his hand on them.” Some languages may prefer to specify where he touched them. If so, this could be translated as, “he touched them on the shoulder” or, “he put his hand on each one’s shoulder.”
 
+# said, “Do not be afraid. Get up.”
+
+This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "told them not to be afraid, and to get up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+
 # Do not be afraid
 
 This could also be translated as, “Stop being afraid.”

content/37/01.md

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
+# There was a man named Lazarus. He had two sisters, named Mary and Martha. They were all close friends of Jesus.
+
+This introduces Lazarus and his sisters as new characters in the story, and also provides background information about their relationship to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
+
 # One day
 
-This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story.
+This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
 
 # Mary
 
 Jesus’ mother was also named Mary. This was a different woman.
 
-# this sickness will not end in Lazarus dying
+# this sickness will not end with Lazarus dying
 
-This can also be translated as, “the final result of this sickness will not be the death of Lazarus” or, “Lazarus is sick, but death is not the final result of this sickness.” Jesus’ disciples probably thought this meant that Lazarus would not die. But Jesus knew that, although Lazarus would die from his sickness, he would live in the end.
+This can also be translated as, “the final result of this sickness will not be the death of Lazarus” or, “Lazarus is sick, but death is not the final result of this sickness.” Jesus’ disciples probably thought this meant that Lazarus would not die. But Jesus knew that, although Lazarus would die from his sickness, he would live in the end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

content/37/02.md

@@ -1,11 +1,23 @@
+# Jesus loved his friends
+
+This is background information about Jesus' relationship to Lazarus and his sisters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+
 # but he waited where he was for two days
 
 This could be translated as, “but he stayed where he was for two days, even though they wanted him to go and heal Lazarus.”
 
+# just a short time ago the people there wanted to kill you!
+
+The disciples said this to emphasize the great danger Jesus faced if he went to Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
 # Judea
 
 This refers to the southern section of Israel, which was settled by the tribe of Judah. Some languages will prefer to say, “the region of Judea.”
 
-# has fallen asleep, and I must wake him.
+# has fallen asleep
 
-Translate this phrase with the normal words for “asleep” and “wake” in your language. Although Jesus was using these words with a different meaning, the disciples did not understand that yet.
+This is an idiom that means Lazarus has died. Translate this phrase with the normal word for “asleep” in your language. Although Jesus was using this word with a different meaning, the disciples did not understand that yet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+
+# I must wake him
+
+Here "wake" is an idiom that means Jesus would make Lazarus alive again. Translate this phrase with the normal word for “wake” in your language. Although Jesus was using this word with a different meaning, the disciples did not understand that yet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

content/37/04.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# When Jesus arrived at Lazarus’ hometown, Lazarus had already been dead for four days
+
+This is background information about the setting and about what has happened before Jesus arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+
 # Martha
 
 Martha was the sister of Lazarus and Mary. See [37:01](37/01).
@@ -6,6 +10,10 @@ Martha was the sister of Lazarus and Mary. See [37:01](37/01).
 
 That is, “went to meet Jesus as he was coming into the town.”
 
+# if only you had been here, my brother would not have died
+
+Martha is stating a hypothetical situation—what could have happened if Jesus had not waited for Lazarus to die before he came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
+
 # my brother would not have died.
 
 That is, “you would have healed my brother and he would not have died” or, “you could have prevented my brother from dying.”

content/37/05.md

@@ -13,3 +13,7 @@ This can also be translated as, “will live forever.”
 # Martha
 
 Martha was the sister of Lazarus and Mary. See [37:01](37/01).
+
+# the Son of God
+
+This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])

content/37/06.md

@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ This was the same woman as in [37:01](37/01), not the mother of Jesus.
 
 # fell at the feet of Jesus
 
-That is, “knelt down at Jesus’ feet” as a sign of respect.
+That is, “knelt down at Jesus’ feet” as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
+
+# if only you had been here, my brother would not have died
+
+Mary is stating a hypothetical situation—what could have happened if Jesus had not waited for Lazarus to die before he came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
 
 # my brother would not have died.
 

content/37/07.md

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+# The tomb was a cave with a stone rolled in front of its opening
+
+This is background information about the tomb where they had buried Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+
+# he told them, “Roll the stone away.”
+
+This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "he told them to roll the stone away." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+
 # he told them
 
 That is, “he told the men there.” He was probably not telling Mary and Martha to roll the stone away.

content/37/08.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Did I not tell you
+# Did I not tell you that you would see God’s power if you believe in me?
 
-That is, “Remember that I told you.” Jesus is not asking this question in order to get an answer, so some languages should translate this as a command.
+That is, “Remember that I told you that you would see God’s power if you believe in me.” Jesus is not asking this question in order to get an answer, so some languages should translate this as a command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 
 # see God’s power
 

content/37/09.md

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
+# Father
+
+This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+
 # hearing me
 
 That is, “listening to me.” It may be helpful to add, “as I pray to you” or, “when I talk to you.”
 
+# Lazarus, come out!
+
+Jesus used this exclamation as a strong command to Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
+
 # come out
 
 Some languages may prefer to say, “come out of the tomb.”

content/37/10.md

@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 # Lazarus came out!
 
-Some languages should say, “Lazarus came out of the tomb!”
+This exclamation emphasizes the shocking fact that Lazarus, who had been dead, walked out of the tomb. Some languages should say, “Lazarus came out of the tomb!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
+# He was still wrapped in grave clothes
+
+This background information about Lazarus wearing grave clothes makes clear that Lazarus went directly from being dead to walking out of the tomb at Jesus' command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # grave clothes
 
 That is, “burial clothes.” This can also be translated as, “burial bandages” or, “strips of cloth.”
 
+# Many of the Jews believed in Jesus because of this miracle
+
+This sentence tells us what happened after Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+
 # because of this miracle
 
 That is, “because God had done this amazing miracle” or, “because Jesus had made Lazarus come alive again.”

content/38/01.md

@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+# Every year, the Jews celebrated the Passover. This was a celebration of how God had saved their ancestors from slavery in Egypt many centuries earlier.
+
+This is background information about the Jewish Passover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+
 # many centuries earlier
 
 That is, “hundreds of years earlier” or, “a very long time before.”
+
+# About three years after Jesus first began preaching and teaching publicly, Jesus told his disciples that he wanted to celebrate this Passover with them in Jerusalem, and that he would be killed there.
+
+This is background information about why Jesus was in Jerusalem in the Passover, and what would happen to him there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+

content/38/02.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# One of Jesus’ disciples was a man named Judas. Judas was in charge of the apostles’ moneybag, but he often stole money out of the bag. After Jesus and the disciples arrived in Jerusalem, Judas went to the Jewish leaders. He offered to betray Jesus by handing him over to them in exchange for money. He knew that the Jewish leaders did not accept that Jesus was the Messiah. He knew that they wanted to kill him.
+
+This is background information about Judas and his arrangement to betray Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+
 # in charge of the apostles’ moneybag
 
 That is, “responsible to hold the apostles’ money” or, “responsible to hold the bag that had the disciples’ money in it and to distribute funds from it.”

content/38/03.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# The Jewish leaders, led by the high priest, paid Judas thirty silver coins to betray Jesus by handing him over to them. This happened just as the prophets said it would. Judas agreed, took the money, and went away. He began looking for an opportunity to help them arrest Jesus.
+
+This is background information about the money Judas received to betray Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+
 # thirty silver coins
 
 Each of these coins were worth about four days’ wages.

content/38/04.md

@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ This could be translated as, “picked up a piece of bread” or, “picked up a
 
 # broke it
 
-Some languages should say, “tore it in pieces” or, “tore it in half” or, “tore off part of it.”
+This means that he broke the bread into pieces for the people to eat. Alternate translation: "broke it into pieces"; "he ripped it" or "he tore it." He may have divided it into many pieces or he may have divided it into two pieces and given them to the apostles to divide among themselves. If possible, use an expression that would apply to either situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+
+# This is my body
+
+Though most understand this to mean that the bread is a symbol of Jesus' body and that it is not actual flesh, it is best to translate this statement literally. Possible meanings are 1) "This bread is my body" and 2) "This bread represents my body." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 
 # Do this to remember me
 

content/38/05.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 That is, “Drink what is in this cup” or, “Drink from this cup.” The drink in the cup was made from grapes so that it had a deep red color.
 
+# It is my blood
+
+Though most understand this to mean that the wine is a symbol of Jesus' blood and that it is not actual blood, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
+
 # blood of the New Covenant
 
 This could be translated as, “blood that makes the New Covenant possible” or, “blood that is the basis for the New Covenant.”

content/38/06.md

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+# said to the disciples, “One of you will betray me.”
+
+This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "told his disciples that one of them would betray him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+
+# said, “The person to whom I give this piece of bread is the betrayer.”
+
+This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "said that the person to whom he would give the piece of bread was the betrayer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+
 # give this piece of bread
 
 That is, “hand this piece of bread.”

content/38/08.md

@@ -8,16 +8,16 @@ That is, “desert me” or, “leave me.”
 
 # It is written
 
-That is, “It is written in God’s word” or, “It is written in the scriptures” or, “One of God’s prophets wrote.” It is also possible to say, “What is written will happen” or, “It will be like what is written.” This prophecy refers to Jesus’ death and his followers running away.
+That is, “It is written in God’s word” or, “It is written in the scriptures” or, “One of God’s prophets wrote.” It is also possible to say, “What is written will happen” or, “It will be like what is written.” This prophecy refers to Jesus’ death and his followers running away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 
 # I will strike
 
-That is, “I will kill.”
+That is, “I will kill.” Here "I" refers to God. It is implied that God will cause or allow people to harm and kill Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # the shepherd and all the sheep
 
-Do not use Jesus’ name in this quote because the prophet who first wrote it would not have known the shepherd’s name. Also, do not refer to the sheep being the disciples. It is best to use words that mean “shepherd” and “sheep” in your translation.
+Do not use Jesus’ name in this quote because the prophet who first wrote it would not have known the shepherd’s name. Also, do not refer to the sheep being the disciples. It is best to use words that mean “shepherd” and “sheep” in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# will be scattered
+# all the sheep will be scattered
 
-That is, “will go away in different directions.”
+This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they will scatter all the sheep of the flock" or "the sheep of the flock will run off in all directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

content/38/09.md

@@ -1,7 +1,23 @@
+# replied, “Even if all the others abandon you, I will not!”
+
+This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "replied that even if all the others abandon Jesus, he would not!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+
+# Even if all the others abandon you, I will not!
+
+Peter said this to emphasize that he would never abandon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
+# Even if all the others abandon you
+
+Peter is stating a hypothetical situation—the other disciples might abandon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
+
 # abandon you
 
 Check to see how you translated this in [38:08](38/08).
 
+# I will not
+
+This is an ellipse. The missing information can be stated: "replied, “Even if all the others abandon you, I will not abandon you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+
 # to have all of you
 
 That is, “to completely control you” or, “to get you to serve him completely.” The word “you” is plural in this phrase. All of the words “you” and “your” that follow are singular.
@@ -12,4 +28,4 @@ That is, “that you will not stop believing in me.”
 
 # before the rooster crows
 
-Roosters normally crow at the first light of the new day. If that is not clear, it may be helpful to say, “Before the rooster crows at dawn tomorrow” or, “before the rooster crows tomorrow morning.”
+Roosters often crow about the time the sun comes up, so the hearers might have understood these words as a metonym for the sun coming up. However, the actual crowing of a rooster is an important part of the story later on, so keep the word "rooster" in the translation. Alternate translation: “Before the rooster crows at dawn tomorrow” or, “before the rooster crows tomorrow morning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

content/38/10.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# said to Jesus, “Even if I must die, I will never deny you!”
+
+This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "said to Jesus that even if he had to die, he would never deny Jesus!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+
 # deny you
 
 That is, “deny that I know you” or, “deny that I am your disciple” or, “disown you.”

content/38/11.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# Then Jesus went with his disciples to a place called Gethsemane
+
+This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+
 # a place called Gethsemane
 
 This could be translated as, “a nearby place called Gethsemane” or, “a place called Gethsemane at the foot of the Mount of Olives.”

content/38/12.md

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
+# My Father
+
+This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+
+# if it is possible
+
+This means that if God would allow it to happen. Alternate translation: "if you will allow it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+
 # drink this cup of suffering
 
-That is, “go through this suffering” or, “suffer what is about to happen” or, “endure this suffering.”
+Jesus speaks of the work that he must do, including dying on the cross, as if it were a bitter liquid that God has commanded him to drink from a cup. Alternate translation: “go through this suffering” or, “suffer what is about to happen” or, “endure this suffering.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # let your will be done
 

content/38/13.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
 # After each time of prayer
 
 That is, “Every time Jesus prayed that prayer.” This refers to the three times he prayed, as mentioned in [38:12](38/12).
+
+# said, “Wake up! My betrayer is here.”
+
+This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "told them to wake up, for his betrayer was there!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+

content/38/14.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# Judas came with the Jewish leaders, soldiers, and a large crowd. They were carrying swords and clubs
+
+This is background information about the people who came with Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+
 # came to
 
 Some languages may prefer to say, “went to.”
@@ -6,6 +10,10 @@ Some languages may prefer to say, “went to.”
 
 This can also be translated as, “Hello” or, “Peace” or, “Good evening.”
 
+# kissed him
+
+Good friends would kiss each other on the cheek, but a disciple would probably kiss his master on the hand to show respect. No one knows for sure how Judas kissed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+
 # are you betraying me with a kiss?
 
-That is, “are you really going to betray me with a kiss?” Jesus is not looking for an answer to this question. So some languages would translate it as a statement, such as, “you are betraying me by kissing me!” or, “you make your betrayal even worse by kissing me!”
+That is, “are you really going to betray me with a kiss?” Jesus is not looking for an answer to this question. So some languages would translate it as a statement, such as, “you are betraying me by kissing me!” or, “you make your betrayal even worse by kissing me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

content/38/15.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 That is, “pulled out his sword from the place where he was carrying it.”
 
+# the Father…my Father
+
+This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+
 # I must obey my Father
 
 That is, “I won’t do that because I must obey my Father’s will and allow myself to be arrested.”

content/39/01.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# It was now the middle of the night
+
+This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+
 # the middle of the night
 
 This expression means, “halfway through the night” or, “very late at night.”

content/39/03.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
 # Finally
 
 That is, “After they were unable to find any evidence against him” or, “After they were unable to prove that he was guilty.”
+
+# the Son of the living God
+
+This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+

content/39/04.md

@@ -12,7 +12,19 @@ This could be translated as, “sitting beside God and then coming from heaven.
 
 # tore his clothes because he was angry
 
-The Jews would tear their clothes to show grief or anger. If tearing the clothes means something else in your language, you may want to substitute a phrase such as, “he was extremely angry.”
+The Jews would tear their clothes to show grief or anger. If tearing the clothes means something else in your language, you may want to substitute a phrase such as, “he was extremely angry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
+
+# We do not need any more witnesses to tell us what this man has done!
+
+The high priest said this to emphasize the he thought they had already proved that Jesus was guilty of blasphemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
+# You yourselves
+
+These pronouns are plural, and refer to all the members of the council. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
+
+# the Son of God
+
+This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 
 # What is your decision?
 

content/39/05.md

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
+# He deserves to die!
+
+The Jewish leaders said this to emphasize how angry they were with Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
 # they blindfolded Jesus
 
 That is. “they covered Jesus’ eyes so that he could not see.”
 
 # spit on him
 
-This could also be translated as, “spit on him to insult him” or, “spit on him in order to say that he was worthless.” This was a way of showing contempt for someone.
+This could also be translated as, “spit on him to insult him” or, “spit on him in order to say that he was worthless.” This was a way of showing contempt for someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

content/39/06.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# You also were with Jesus!
+
+The servant girl said this to accuse Peter of being a criminal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
 # denied it
 
 This can be translated as, “said that it was not true” or, “said that he was not with Jesus” or, “said, ‘No. That is not true.’”
@@ -6,6 +10,10 @@ This can be translated as, “said that it was not true” or, “said that he w
 
 This could be translated as, “Peter denied knowing Jesus a second time” or, “again Peter said he had not been with Jesus.”
 
+# We know that you were with Jesus because you both are from Galilee
+
+The servant girl could probably tell Peter was from Galilee from the way he talked.  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+
 # are from Galilee
 
 This could also be translated as, “are Galileans.” The people could tell from the way Jesus and Peter talked that they came from the region of Galilee.

content/39/07.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # May God curse me if I know this man
 
-This is a curse that means, “May God cause harm to me if what you say is true” or, “May God punish me if I am lying to you!” In this way Peter was saying very strongly that he did not know Jesus. He also referred to Jesus as, “this man” to make it sound like he did not know him.
+This is a curse that means, “May God cause harm to me if what you say is true” or, “May God punish me if I am lying to you!” In this way Peter was saying very strongly that he did not know Jesus. He also referred to Jesus as, “this man” to make it sound like he did not know him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
 
 # a rooster crowed
 

content/39/09.md

@@ -5,3 +5,7 @@ The Roman government had appointed Pilate to govern the region of Judea in Israe
 # condemn Jesus and kill him
 
 As governor, Pilate had the authority to condemn Jesus to death and to give approval for his crucifixion, or to set him free. The Jewish religious leaders did not have the authority to have someone killed.
+
+# asked Jesus, “Are you the king of the Jews?”
+
+This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "asked Jesus if he was the king of the Jews." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])

content/39/10.md

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ This could be translated as, “hears my teaching and obeys me.” It includes n
 
 # What is truth?
 
-that is, “Can anyone know what is true?”
+This remark appears in the form of a question to reflect Pilate's belief that no one really knows what truth is. Alternate translation: “Can anyone know what is true?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

content/39/12.md

@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@ That is, “start doing violent things in their anger.”
 
 Pilate did not want to kill Jesus because he believed that Jesus was innocent. But he was forced to tell his soldiers to crucify Jesus because of his fear of the crowd. If possible, translate this phrase in a way that shows his reluctance.
 
-# a royal robe
+# put a royal robe…on him
 
-That is, “a robe like a king’s robe.” This robe had a bright color, so it looked like the kind of robe that a king would wear.
+That is, “a robe like a king’s robe.” This robe had a bright color, so it looked like the kind of robe that a king would wear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
 
-# a crown made of thorns
+# put…a crown made of thorns on him
 
-This means that they tied thorn branches into a circle to look like a crown. A crown is an ornament that a king wears on his head to show his authority. But the crown that they put on Jesus’ head had sharp, dangerous thorns on it.
+That is, “a robe like a king’s robe.” This robe had a bright color, so it looked like the kind of robe that a king would wear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
+
+# Look, the King of the Jews!
+
+They were saying this to mock Jesus. They were calling Jesus "King of the Jews," but they did not really believe he was a king. And yet what they were saying was true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
 
 # Look
 

content/40/01.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# After the soldiers mocked Jesus, they led him away to crucify him
+
+This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+
 # led him away
 
 That is, “forced him to go with them.” This could also be translated as, “took him away.”

content/40/02.md

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
+# a place called “the Skull”
+
+This can be stated in active form: "a place that people called 'the Skull'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+
 # the Skull
 
 A hill near Jerusalem with a white, rocky top that was shaped somewhat like the top of a skull.
 
+# Father
+
+This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+
 # forgive them, because they do not know what they are doing
 
-That is, “they do not understand the meaning of what they are doing, so please forgive them.” The soldiers thought Jesus was only a criminal who deserved to die. They did not understand that he was the Son of God.
+That is, “they do not understand the meaning of what they are doing, so please forgive them.” The soldiers thought Jesus was only a criminal who deserved to die. They did not understand that he was the Son of God.  Alternate translation: "for they do not really know whom they are crucifying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

content/40/03.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# gambled for Jesus’ clothing
+# the soldiers gambled for Jesus’ clothing
 
-That is, “played a game of chance to win Jesus’ clothes.” We do not know how they did this, but in some cultures it could be translated as, “tossed stones on the ground to win Jesus’ clothing” or, “chose sticks to decide who could take Jesus’ clothes.”
+That is, “played a game of chance to win Jesus’ clothes.” We do not know how they did this, but in some cultures it could be translated as, “tossed stones on the ground to win Jesus’ clothing” or, “chose sticks to decide who could take Jesus’ clothes.” The winner received his clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # they fulfilled a prophecy that said
 

content/40/04.md

@@ -4,11 +4,15 @@ This could also be translated as, “two bandits.” This refers to criminals wh
 
 # Do you have not fear that God will punish you?
 
-The robber does not expect an answer to this question; it is a way that some languages use to make a strong statement. If your language does not use questions in this way, then translate this as, “You should fear God!”
+The robber does not expect an answer to this question; it is a way that some languages use to make a strong statement. If your language does not use questions in this way, then translate this as, “You should fear God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 
 # We are guilty of doing many bad things, but this man is innocent
 
-This could be translated as, “You and I have done evil things and deserve to die, but this man, Jesus, has done nothing wrong and does not deserve to die.” “We” here includes both robbers, but does not include Jesus.
+This could be translated as, “You and I have done evil things and deserve to die, but this man, Jesus, has done nothing wrong and does not deserve to die.” 
+
+# We are guilty
+
+“We” here includes both robbers, but does not include Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 
 # this man
 
@@ -20,7 +24,7 @@ That is, “Please accept me” or, “Please welcome me” or, “Please allow
 
 # in your kingdom
 
-That is, “when you establish your kingdom” or, “when you are ruling as king.”
+This is a metonym that refers to the time when Jesus will rule. Alternate translation: “when you establish your kingdom” or, “when you are ruling as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 
 # Paradise
 

content/40/05.md

@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+# If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross and save yourself!
+
+The people were mocking Jesus. Alternate translation: "We do not believe you are the King of the Jews, but if you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+
+# If you are the Son of God
+
+The people were mocking Jesus, but He truly was the son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
+
+# the Son of God
+
+This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+
 # believe you
 
 That is, “believe in you” or, “believe that you are the Messiah.”

content/40/07.md

@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@
 
 This could also be translated as, “It is completed” or, “I have finished it” or, “I have completed the work.” This means that Jesus’ work of salvation was complete.
 
-# into your hands
+# Father
 
-That is, “into your care.”
+This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+
+# I am giving my spirit into your hands
+
+Here statement is a metonym that refers to God's care. Alternate translation: "I entrust my spirit to your care" or "I give my spirit to you, knowing you will care for it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 
 # bowed his head
 
@@ -12,7 +16,11 @@ That is, “lowered his head.”
 
 # gave up his spirit
 
-That is, “gave up his spirit to God” or, “released his spirit to God and died.”
+This is a polite way to say that Jesus died. This could be translated as, “gave up his spirit to God” or, “released his spirit to God and died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
+
+# The large curtain that separated the people from the presence of God in the Temple was torn in two
+
+This can be stated in active form: "God tore in two the large curtain that separated the people from his presence in the Temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 
 # The large curtain
 

content/40/08.md

@@ -9,3 +9,8 @@ That is, “made it possible.”
 # come to God
 
 That is, “come near to God” or, “go near to God” or, “approach God” or, “know God personally.” The tearing of the curtain showed that the barrier between God and people had been removed.
+
+# the Son of God
+
+This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+

content/40/09.md

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
+# Then two Jewish leaders named Joseph and Nicodemus came
+
+This introduces two new characters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
+
 # Joseph
 
 This was not Mary’s husband. It was another man named Joseph.
 
+# They believed that Jesus was the Messiah
+
+This is background information about two Jewish leaders who believed Jesus was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+
 # asked Pilate for Jesus’ body
 
 That is, “asked Pilate to permit them to take Jesus’ body down from the cross.”