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justplainjane47-tc-create-1 (#420)
Edit 'translate/figs-metaphor/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-simetaphor/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/writing-pronouns/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'process/setup-ts/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'process/setup-team/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-abstractnouns/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/bita-part2/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/bita-hq/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-unknown/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-bdistance/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-bdistance/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-quotesinquotes/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-distinguish/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/bita-part3/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/bita-humanbehavior/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'intro/uw-intro/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/grammar-connect-exceptions/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-ordinal/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translation-difficulty/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-bweight/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-bvolume/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'process/intro-share/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'intro/uw-intro/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'intro/uw-intro/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-sentences/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-sentences/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Created 'translate/figs-sentences/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Co-authored-by: justplainjane47 <justplainjane47@noreply.door43.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/pulls/420
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ The vision of unfoldingWord is **the church in every people group and the Bible
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Jesus commanded his disciples to make disciples of EVERY people group:
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> Jesus came to them and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to me in heaven and on the earth. Go, therefore, and make disciples of all the nations. Baptize them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Teach them to obey all the things that I have commanded you. See, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” (Matthew 28:18-20 ULT)
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> Jesus came to them and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to me in heaven and on the earth. Go, therefore, and make disciples of all the nations. Baptize them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Teach them to obey all the things that I have commanded you. See, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” (Matthew 28:18-20 ULT)
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We have the promise that people from EVERY language will be in heaven:
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@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ Understanding the Word of God in one’s heart language is important:
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How do we accomplish the goal of **the church in every people group and the Bible in every language**?
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* [Church-Centric Bible Translation](https://www.ccbt.bible/) – By working with other like-minded churches and organizations
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* [Statement of Faith](../statement-of-faith/01.md) – By working with those who have the same beliefs
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* [Translation Guidelines](../translation-guidelines/01.md) – By using a common translation theory
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* [Open License](../open-license/01.md) – By releasing everything we create under an open license
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* [Gateway Languages Strategy](../gl-strategy/01.md) – By making Biblical content available to translate from a known language
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* [Church-Centric Bible Translation](https://www.ccbt.bible/) – By working with other like-minded churches and organizations
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* [Statement of Faith](../statement-of-faith/01.md) – By working with those who have the same beliefs
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* [Translation Guidelines](../translation-guidelines/01.md) – By using a common translation theory
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* [Open License](../open-license/01.md) – By releasing everything we create under an open license
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* [Gateway Languages Strategy](../gl-strategy/01.md) – By making biblical content available to translate from a known language
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### What Do We Do?
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@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ How do we accomplish the goal of **the church in every people group and the Bibl
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We create and make available for translation free and unrestricted biblical content. See https://www.unfoldingword.org/content for a complete list of resources and translations. Here are a few samples:
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* **unfoldingWord® Open Bible Stories** – unrestricted visual Bible stories comprising 50 key stories of the Bible, from Creation to Revelation, for evangelism and discipleship, in print, audio, and video (see https://www.openbiblestories.org/).
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* **unfoldingWord® Literal Text** – a ‘form-centric’ translation of the Bible *for translators*. It increases the translator’s understanding of the lexical and grammatical composition of the underlying text by adhering closely to the word order and structure of the originals (see https://www.unfoldingword.org/ult).
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* **unfoldingWord® Simplified Text** – a ‘functional’ translation of the Bible *for translators*. It increases the translator’s understanding of the text by simplifying grammar, adding implied information, and translating theological terms as descriptive phrases (see https://www.unfoldingword.org/ust).
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* **unfoldingWord® Translation Notes** – linguistic, cultural, and exegetical helps for translators. They exist for Open Bible Stories and the Bible (see https://www.unfoldingword.org/utn).
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* **unfoldingWord® Translation Questions** – questions for each chunk of text that translators and checkers can ask to help ensure that their translation is understood correctly. Available for Open Bible Stories and the Bible (see https://www.unfoldingword.org/utq).
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* **unfoldingWord® Translation Words** – a list of important Biblical terms with a short explanation, cross references, and translation aids. Useful for Open Bible Stories and the Bible (see https://www.unfoldingword.org/utw).
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* **unfoldingWord® Open Bible Stories** – unrestricted visual Bible stories comprising 50 key stories of the Bible, from Creation to Revelation, for evangelism and discipleship, in print, audio, and video (see https://www.openbiblestories.org/).
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* **unfoldingWord® Literal Text** – a ‘form-centric’ translation of the Bible *for translators*. It increases the translator’s understanding of the lexical and grammatical composition of the underlying text by adhering closely to the word order and structure of the originals (see https://www.unfoldingword.org/ult).
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* **unfoldingWord® Simplified Text** – a ‘functional’ translation of the Bible *for translators*. It increases the translator’s understanding of the text by simplifying grammar, adding implied information, and translating theological terms as descriptive phrases (see https://www.unfoldingword.org/ust).
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* **unfoldingWord® Translation Notes** – linguistic, cultural, and exegetical helps for translators. They exist for Open Bible Stories and the Bible (see https://www.unfoldingword.org/utn).
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* **unfoldingWord® Translation Questions** – questions for each chunk of text that translators and checkers can ask to help ensure that their translation is understood correctly. Available for Open Bible Stories and the Bible (see https://www.unfoldingword.org/utq).
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* **unfoldingWord® Translation Words** – a list of important biblical terms with a short explanation, cross references, and translation aids. Useful for Open Bible Stories and the Bible (see https://www.unfoldingword.org/utw).
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#### Tools
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@ -47,5 +47,4 @@ We create translation, checking, and distribution tools that are free and open-l
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#### Training
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We create resources to train mother tongue translation teams. unfoldingWord® Translation Academy (this resource) is our primary training tool. We also have audio recording and training resources. See https://www.unfoldingword.org/training for a complete list of training materials.
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We create resources to train mother tongue translation teams. unfoldingWord® Translation Academy (this resource) is our primary training tool. We also have audio recording and training resources. See https://www.unfoldingword.org/training for a complete list of training materials.
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@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ The biggest factor that enables distribution of content is the [Open License](..
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* **Share** — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
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* **Adapt** — remix, transform, and build upon the material
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for any purpose, even commercial, without cost. “Freely you have received; freely give.” (Matthew 10:8)
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For ways to share your translations both online and offline, see [Sharing Content](../share-content/01.md).
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for any purpose, even commercial, without cost. “Freely you have received; freely give.” (Matthew 10:8b)
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For ways to share your translations both online and offline, see [Sharing Content](../share-content/01.md).
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@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ As you begin selecting a translation and checking team, there are many different
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* [Choosing a Translation Team](../../translate/choose-team/01.md) – Describes many of the roles that are needed
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* [Translator Qualifications](../../translate/qualifications/01.md) – Describes some of the skills needed by the translators
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* Remember that everyone on the team needs to sign a statement that they agree with (forms are available at http://ufw.io/forms/ ):
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* Remember that everyone on the team needs to sign a statement that they agree with (forms are available at http://ufw.io/forms)
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* [Statement of Faith](../../intro/statement-of-faith/01.md)
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* [Translation Guidelines](../../intro/translation-guidelines/01.md)
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* [Open License](../../intro/open-license/01.md)
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* Everyone on the team also needs to know the qualities of a good translation (see [The Qualities of a Good Translation](../../translate/guidelines-intro/01.md)).
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* The team also needs to know where they can find answers (see [Finding Answers](../../intro/finding-answers/01.md)).
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* The team also needs to know where they can find answers (see [Finding Answers](../../intro/finding-answers/01.md)).
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### Translation Decisions
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@ -19,5 +19,4 @@ For more information on how to use translationStudio, please see the documentati
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1. Make sure that you have a translation team that can help you check your work (see [Training Before Checking Begins](../prechecking-training/01.md)).
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1. At any point, you may upload your work to [Door43](https://git.door43.org) by clicking on the three-dot menu and choosing Upload/Export. You will need to create a user name on Door43.
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1. Once uploaded, Door43 will keep your work in a repository under your user name and you can access your work there (see [Publishing](../intro-publishing/01.md)).
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1. Once uploaded, Door43 will keep your work in a repository under your user name and you can access your work there (see [Publishing](../intro-publishing/01.md)).
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ In these verses, the body of Christ represents the group of people who follow Ch
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#### A BROTHER represents a person’s relatives, associates, or peers
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> For Mordecai the Jew was second to the King Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and favored by the multitude of his **brothers **… (Esther 10:3a ULT)
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> For Mordecai the Jew was second to the King Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and favored by the multitude of his \*\*brothers \*\* … (Esther 10:3a ULT)
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#### A DAUGHTER represents a village located near a town or city
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@ -153,12 +153,12 @@ The fact that the men said they heard a report about Yahweh shows that “becaus
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#### The NOSE represents anger
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> Then … the foundations of the world were laid bare at your rebuke, Yahweh, at the blast of the breath of **your nostrils**. (Psalms 18:15 ULT)
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>
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>
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> By the blast of **your nostrils** the waters were piled up. (Exodus 15:8a ULT)
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>
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>
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> Smoke went up from out of **his nostrils**, and blazing fire came out of his mouth. (2 Samuel 22:9a ULT)
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>
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> Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious, **slow to anger **… (Exodus 34:6a ULT)
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>
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> Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious, \*\*slow to anger \*\* … (Exodus 34:6a ULT)
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In Hebrew, a hot nose represents anger, including such images as a blast of air or smoke coming from someone’s nostrils. The opposite of a “hot nose” is a “long nose.” The phrase “slow to anger” in Hebrew literally means “long of nose.” A long nose represents patience, meaning that it takes a long time for that person’s nose to get hot.
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@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ This is because he actually will be dedicated to the Lord.
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#### COMING or STANDING BEFORE SOMEONE means serving him
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> How blessed are your wives, and how blessed are your servants who constantly **stand before you**, because they hear your wisdom. (1 Kings 10:8 ULT)
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> How blessed are your wives, and how blessed are your servants who constantly **stand before you**, because they hear your wisdom. (1 Kings 10:8 ULT)
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>
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> Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness **come before you**. (Psalm 89:14b ULT)
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@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ Noah received righteousness as a permanent possession.
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#### STANDING means defending or successfully resisting
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> So the wicked will not **stand** in the judgment, nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous. (Psalm 1:5 ULT)
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>
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> that the king gave to the Jews who were in every city by city: to gather and to **stand** for their life, to annihilate, and to slaughter, and to destroy any strength of a people or province that would attack them, children and women, and plunder their spoil; (Esther 8:11 ULT)
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>
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> … that the king gave to the Jews who were in every city by city: to gather and to **stand** for their life, to annihilate, and to slaughter, and to destroy any strength of a people or province that would attack them, children and women, and plunder their spoil; (Esther 8:11 ULT)
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#### TURNING or TURNING OVER means changing
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@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ People do not drink cups. They drink what is in the cup.
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#### A LOCATION (city, nation, etc.) represents the people who live in or near that place
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> Then Mordecai went out from before the face of the king in a garment of royalty of blue and white, with a great crown of gold and a robe of fine linen and purple, and **the city of Susa** cheered and rejoiced. (Esther 8:15 ULT)
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>
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> So as for me, should I not feel troubled about **Nineveh, the great city **… (Jonah 4:11a ULT)
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>
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> So as for me, should I not feel troubled about \*\*Nineveh, the great city \*\* … (Jonah 4:11a ULT)
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#### The MEMORY OF A PERSON means \[his descendants\]
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@ -27,16 +27,13 @@ Some common cultural models found in the Bible are listed below. First there are
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#### God is modeled as a WARRIOR
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> Yahweh is a **warrior**. (Exodus 15:3a ULT)
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>
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> Yahweh will go out as a **warrior**; as a \*\*man of war\*\* he will stir up his zeal..
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> He will shout, yes, he will roar his **battle cries**; he will **show his enemies his power**. (Isaiah 42:13 ULT)
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>
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> Your right hand, Yahweh, is **glorious in power**;
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> your right hand, Yahweh, **has shattered the enemy**. (Exodus 15:6 ULT)
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>
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> But **God will shoot them**;
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> suddenly they will be **wounded with his arrows**. (Psalm 64:7 ULT)
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>
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>
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> Yahweh will go out as a **warrior**; as a \*\*man of war\*\* he will stir up his zeal.. He will shout, yes, he will roar his **battle cries**; he will **show his enemies his power**. (Isaiah 42:13 ULT)
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>
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> Your right hand, Yahweh, is **glorious in power**; your right hand, Yahweh, **has shattered the enemy**. (Exodus 15:6 ULT)
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>
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> But **God will shoot them**; suddenly they will be **wounded with his arrows**. (Psalm 64:7 ULT)
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>
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> For you will turn them back; **you will draw your bow** before them. (Psalm 21:12 ULT)
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#### A leader is modeled as a SHEPHERD and those he leads are modeled as SHEEP
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(1) Reword the sentence with a phrase that expresses the meaning of the abstract noun. Instead of a noun, the new phrase will use a verb, an adverb, or an adjective to express the idea of the abstract noun. Alternative translations are indented below the Scripture example.
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> … from **childhood** you have known the sacred writings … (2 Timothy 3:15a ULT)
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>
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>
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> > Ever since **you were a child** you have known the sacred writings.
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>
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>
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> But **godliness** with **contentment** is great **gain**. (1 Timothy 6:6 ULT)
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>
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> > But **being godly** and **content** is very **beneficial**.
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> > But we **benefit** greatly when we **are godly** and **content**.
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> > But we **benefit** greatly when we **honor and obey God** and when we are **happy with what we have**.
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>
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>
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> > But **being godly** and **content** is very **beneficial**. But we **benefit** greatly when we **are godly** and **content**. But we **benefit** greatly when we **honor and obey God** and when we are **happy with what we have**.
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>
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> Today **salvation** has come to this house, because he too is a son of Abraham. (Luke 19:9 ULT)
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>
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> > Today the people in this house **have been saved**…
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> > Today God **has saved** the people in this house…
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>
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>
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> > Today the people in this house **have been saved** … Today God **has saved** the people in this house …
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>
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> The Lord does not move slowly concerning his promises, as some consider **slowness** to be. (2 Peter 3:9a ULT)
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>
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>
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> > The Lord does not move slowly concerning his promises, as some consider **moving slowly** to be.
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>
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>
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> He will bring to light the hidden things of darkness and reveal the **purposes** of the heart. (1 Corinthians 4:5b ULT)
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>
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>
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> > He will bring to light the hidden things of darkness and reveal **the things that people want to do and the reasons that they want to do them**.
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(1) Put the information in another part of the sentence and add words that show its purpose.
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> I hate those who serve **worthless** idols (Psalm 31:6 ULT)
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> By saying “worthless idols,” David was commenting about all idols and giving his reason for hating those who serve them. He was not distinguishing worthless idols from valuable idols.
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>
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> > **Because** **idols are worthless**, I hate those who serve them.
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>
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> I hate those who serve **worthless** idols (Psalm 31:6 ULT) By saying “worthless idols,” David was commenting about all idols and giving his reason for hating those who serve them. He was not distinguishing worthless idols from valuable idols.
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>
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> > **Because** **idols are worthless**, I hate those who serve them.
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>
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> … for your **righteous** judgments are good. (Psalm 119:39b ULT)
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>
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>
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> > … for your judgments are good **because they are righteous**.
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>
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> Can Sarah, **who is 90 years old**, bear a son? (Genesis 17:17b ULT)
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> The phrase “who is 90 years old” is a reminder of Sarah’s age. It tells why Abraham was asking the question. He did not expect that a woman who was that old could bear a child.
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>
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>
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> Can Sarah, **who is 90 years old**, bear a son? (Genesis 17:17b ULT) The phrase “who is 90 years old” is a reminder of Sarah’s age. It tells why Abraham was asking the question. He did not expect that a woman who was that old could bear a child.
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>
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> > Can Sarah bear a son **even when** **she is 90 years old**?
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>
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> I will call on Yahweh, **who is worthy to be praised** (2 Samuel 22:4a ULT)
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> There is only one Yahweh. The phrase “who is worthy to be praised” gives a reason for calling on Yahweh.
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>
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>
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> I will call on Yahweh, **who is worthy to be praised** (2 Samuel 22:4a ULT) There is only one Yahweh. The phrase “who is worthy to be praised” gives a reason for calling on Yahweh.
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>
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> > I will call on Yahweh, because **he is worthy to be praised**
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(2) Use one of your language’s ways for expressing that this is just added information.
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@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ In this metaphor, Jesus called himself the bread of life. The **Topic** is “I
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> Listen to this word, **you cows of Bashan**, (Amos 4:1q ULT)
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In this metaphor Amos speaks to the upper-class women of Samaria (“you,” the Topic) as if they were cows (the Image). Amos does not say what similarity(s) he intends between these women and cows. He wants the reader to think of them, and he fully expects that readers from his culture will easily do so. From the context, we can see that he means that the women are like cows in that they are fat and interested only in feeding themselves. If we were to apply similarities from a different culture, such as that cows are sacred and should be worshipped, we would get the wrong meaning from this verse.
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In this metaphor Amos speaks to the upper-class women of Samaria (“you,” the Topic) as if they were cows (the Image). Amos does not say what similarity(s) he intends between these women and cows. He wants the reader to think of them, and he fully expects that readers from his culture will easily do so. From the context, we can see that he means that the women are like cows in that they are fat and interested only in feeding themselves. If we were to apply similarities from a different culture, such as that cows are sacred and should be worshiped, we would get the wrong meaning from this verse.
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NOTE: Amos does not actually mean that the women are cows. He speaks to them as human beings.
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ A quotation may have a quote within it, and quotes that are inside of other quot
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#### A quotation with only one layer
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> But Paul said, “I, however, was indeed born a citizen.” (Acts 22:28b ULT)
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> But Paul said, “I, however, was indeed born a citizen.” (Acts 22:28b ULT)
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#### Quotations with two layers
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|
|
@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ When the sentence is a command, in many languages it does not have a subject pro
|
|||
|
||||
#### Predicate
|
||||
|
||||
The predicate is the part of a sentence that tells something about the subject. It usually has a verb. (See [Verbs](../figs-verbs/01.md).) In the sentences below, the subjects are “the man” and “he.” The predicates are underlined and the verbs are in bold.
|
||||
The predicate is the part of a sentence that tells something about the subject. It usually has a verb. (See [Verbs](../figs-verbs/01.md).) In the sentences below, the subjects are “the man” and “he.” The predicates are in bold.
|
||||
|
||||
* The man **is strong**.
|
||||
* He **worked hard**.
|
||||
* He **made a garden**.
|
||||
* The man is **strong**.
|
||||
* He worked **hard**.
|
||||
* He made **a garden**.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Compound Sentences
|
||||
|
|
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Sentences can also have clauses and other phrases. Clauses are like sentences be
|
|||
* after **she** **picked it**
|
||||
* because **it** **tasted so good**
|
||||
|
||||
Sentences can have many clauses, and so they can become long and complex. But each sentence has to have at least one **independent clause**, that is, a clause that can be a sentence all by itself. The other clauses that cannot be sentences by themselves are called the **dependent clauses**. Dependent clauses depend on the independent clause to complete their meaning. The dependent clauses are underlined in the sentences below.
|
||||
Sentences can have many clauses, and so they can become long and complex. But each sentence has to have at least one **independent clause**, that is, a clause that can be a sentence all by itself. The other clauses that cannot be sentences by themselves are called the **dependent clauses**. Dependent clauses depend on the independent clause to complete their meaning. The dependent clauses are bolded in the sentences below.
|
||||
|
||||
* **When the maize was ready**, she picked it.
|
||||
* **After she picked it**, she carried it home and cooked it.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ For example, Jesus used a simple metaphor when he said:
|
|||
|
||||
In this simple metaphor, the **Topic** is Jesus himself. The **Image** is the phrase “light of the world” because light is the physical object that Jesus uses to refer to some unknown **Idea** about himself. As is often the case with simple metaphors in the Bible, in this instance Jesus does not explicitly tell his listeners the Idea that he intends to communicate. The reader must read the story and figure out the Idea for himself from the context.
|
||||
|
||||
After making this statement, Jesus healed a man who was born blind. After the healed man saw Jesus for the first time and worshiped Him as God, Jesus explained the **Idea** of his “light of the world” metaphor:
|
||||
After making this statement, Jesus healed a man who was born blind. After the healed man saw Jesus for the first time and worshiped him as God, Jesus explained the **Idea** of his “light of the world” metaphor:
|
||||
|
||||
> … I came into this world so that those who do not see may see … (John 9:39b ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Some languages do not state something as a condition if it is certain or true. T
|
|||
|
||||
> Elijah came near to all the people and said, “How long will you keep changing your mind? **If Yahweh is God**, follow him. But if Baal is God, then follow him.” Yet the people did not answer him a word. (1 Kings 18:21 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
This sentence has the same construction as a hypothetical condition. The condition is “if Yahweh is God.” If that is true, then the Israelites should worship Yahweh. But the prophet Elijah does not question whether or not Yahweh is God. In fact, he is so certain that Yahweh is God that later in the passage he pours water all over his sacrifice. He is confident that God is real and that he will burn even an offering that is completely wet. Over and over again, the prophets taught that Yahweh is God, so the people should worship Him. The people did not worship Yahweh, however, even though He is God. By putting the statement or instruction into the form of a Factual Condition, Elijah is trying to get the Israelites to understand more clearly what they should do.
|
||||
This sentence has the same construction as a hypothetical condition. The condition is “if Yahweh is God.” If that is true, then the Israelites should worship Yahweh. But the prophet Elijah does not question whether or not Yahweh is God. In fact, he is so certain that Yahweh is God that later in the passage he pours water all over his sacrifice. He is confident that God is real and that he will burn even an offering that is completely wet. Over and over again, the prophets taught that Yahweh is God, so the people should worship him. The people did not worship Yahweh, however, even though He is God. By putting the statement or instruction into the form of a Factual Condition, Elijah is trying to get the Israelites to understand more clearly what they should do.
|
||||
|
||||
> “A son honors his father, and a servant honors his master. **If** I, then, am a father, where is my honor? **If** I am a master, where is the reverence for me?” says Yahweh of hosts to you priests, who despise my name. (Malachi 1:6 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ If the way that Exceptional Clauses are marked in the source language is also cl
|
|||
|
||||
> David attacked them from the twilight to the evening of the next day. \*\*Not a man escaped except for 400 young men\*\*, who rode on camels and fled. (1 Samuel 30:17 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
* Part 1: (**Not** a man escaped)
|
||||
* Part 2: (**except for** four hundred young men)
|
||||
* Part 1: (**Not** a man escaped)
|
||||
* Part 2: (**except for** 400 young men)
|
||||
|
||||
> > David attacked them from the twilight to the evening of the next day. **Only** 400 young men escaped; they rode on camels and fled.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Listed below are different types of connections between ideas or events. These d
|
|||
|
||||
The word “instead” introduces something that contrasts with what was said before. The contrast here is between what Paul did not do and what he did do. The word “then” introduces a sequence of events. It introduces something that Paul did after he returned to Damascus.
|
||||
|
||||
> **Therefore,** whoever breaks the least one of these commandments **and** teaches others to do so will be called least in the kingdom of heaven. **But** whoever keeps them and teaches them, that one will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. (Matthew 5:19 ULT)
|
||||
> **Therefore,** whoever breaks the least one of these commandments **and** teaches others to do so will be called least in the kingdom of heaven. **But** whoever keeps them and teaches them, that one will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. (Matthew 5:19 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
The word “therefore” links this section with the section before it, signaling that the section that came before gave the reason for this section. “Therefore” usually links sections larger than one sentence. The word “and” links only two actions within the same sentence, that of breaking commandments and teaching others. In this verse the word “but” contrasts what one group of people will be called in God’s kingdom with what another group of people will be called.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ They followed Jesus because he told them to. Some translators may want to mark t
|
|||
|
||||
(2) Do not use a connecting word if it would be odd to use one, and if people would understand the right relationship between the thoughts without it.
|
||||
|
||||
> Therefore, whoever breaks the least one of these commandments **and** teaches others to do so will be called least in the kingdom of heaven. **But** whoever keeps them and teaches them, that one will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. (Matthew 5:19 ULT)
|
||||
> Therefore, whoever breaks the least one of these commandments **and** teaches others to do so will be called least in the kingdom of heaven. **But** whoever keeps them and teaches them, that one will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. (Matthew 5:19 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
Some languages would prefer not to use connecting words here because the meaning is clear without them and using them would be unnatural. They might translate like this:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ The intimate, loving relationship between the Father and the Son is eternal, jus
|
|||
|
||||
> I **love** the Father, and just as the Father commanded me, thus I do. (John 14:31 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> **…** **no one knows who the Son is except the Father, and who the Father is except the Son**. (Luke 10:22 ULT)
|
||||
> **N****o one knows who the Son is except the Father, and who the Father is except the Son**. (Luke 10:22b ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
The terms “Father” and “Son” also communicate that the Father and the Son are of the same essence; they are both eternal God.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ The strategies are all applied to Exodus 25:10 below.
|
|||
|
||||
>> “They are to make an ark of acacia wood. Its length must be **two and a half cubits (one meter)**; its width will be **one cubit and a half (two thirds of a meter)**; and its height will be **one cubit and a half (two thirds of a meter)**.”
|
||||
|
||||
(5) Use measurements that your people know, and include the measurements from the ULT in the text or in a note. The following shows the ULT measurements in notes.
|
||||
(5) Use measurements that your people know, and include the measurements from the ULT in the text or in a note. The following shows the ULT measurements in notes.
|
||||
|
||||
> > “They are to make an ark of acacia wood. Its length must be **one meter**; <sup> 1</sup> its width will be **two thirds of a meter**; <sup> 2</sup> and its height will be **two thirds of a meter**.”
|
||||
> > “They are to make an ark of acacia wood. Its length must be **one meter**;<sup> 1</sup> its width will be **two thirds of a meter**;<sup> 2</sup> and its height will be **two thirds of a meter**.”
|
||||
|
||||
The footnotes would look like:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ The following terms are the most common units of volume used in the Bible to sta
|
|||
|
||||
### Translation Principles
|
||||
|
||||
* The people in the Bible did not use modern measures such as meters, liters, and kilograms. Using the original measures can help readers know that the Bible really was written long ago in a time when people used those measures.
|
||||
* Using modern measures can help readers understand the text more easily.
|
||||
* Whatever measures you use, it would be good, if possible, to tell about the other kinds of measures in the text or a footnote.
|
||||
* If you do not use the Biblical measures, try not to give the readers the idea that the measurements are exact. For example, if you translate one hin as “3.7 liters,” readers might think that the measurement is exactly 3.7 liters, not 3.6 or 3.8. It would be better to use a more approximate measure such as “three and a half liters” or “four liters.”
|
||||
* When God tells people how much of something to use, and when people use those amounts in obedience to him, do not say “about” in the translation. Otherwise it will give the impression that God did not care exactly how much they used.
|
||||
* The people in the Bible did not use modern measures such as meters, liters, and kilograms. Using the original measures can help readers know that the Bible really was written long ago in a time when people used those measures.
|
||||
* Using modern measures can help readers understand the text more easily.
|
||||
* Whatever measures you use, it would be good, if possible, to tell about the other kinds of measures in the text or a footnote.
|
||||
* If you do not use the biblical measures, try not to give the readers the idea that the measurements are exact. For example, if you translate one hin as “3.7 liters,” readers might think that the measurement is exactly 3.7 liters, not 3.6 or 3.8. It would be better to use a more approximate measure such as “three and a half liters” or “four liters.”
|
||||
* When God tells people how much of something to use, and when people use those amounts in obedience to him, do not say “about” in the translation. Otherwise it will give the impression that God did not care exactly how much they used.
|
||||
|
||||
## When the unit of measure is stated
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The following terms are the most common units of weight in the Bible. The term
|
|||
1. The people in the Bible did not use modern measures such as meters, liters, and kilograms. Using the original measures can help readers know that the Bible really was written long ago in a time when people used those measures.
|
||||
2. Using modern measures can help readers understand the text more easily.
|
||||
3. Whatever measure you use, it would be good, if possible, to tell about the other kind of measure in the text or a footnote.
|
||||
4. If you do not use the Biblical measures, try not to give the readers the idea that the measurements are exact. For example, if you translate one gerah as “.57 grams,” readers might think that the measurement is exact. It would be better to say “half a gram.”
|
||||
4. If you do not use the biblical measures, try not to give the readers the idea that the measurements are exact. For example, if you translate one gerah as “.57 grams,” readers might think that the measurement is exact. It would be better to say “half a gram.”
|
||||
5. Sometimes it can be helpful to use the word “about” to show that a measurement is not exact. For example, 2 Samuel 21:16 says that Goliath’s spear weighed 300 shekels. Instead of translating this as “3300 grams” or “3.3 kilograms,” it can be translated as “about three and one half kilograms.”
|
||||
6. When God tells people how much something should weigh, and when people use those weights, do not say “about” in the translation. Otherwise, it will give the impression that God did not care exactly how much the thing should weigh.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ Here the writer explains the meanings of Melchizedek’s name and title because
|
|||
|
||||
### Examples From the Bible
|
||||
|
||||
> Then you crossed over the **Jordan** and came to **Jericho**, and the men of
|
||||
> Jericho, and the **Amorites** … fought against you, but I gave them into your hand. (Joshua 24:11 ULT)
|
||||
> Then you crossed over the **Jordan** and came to **Jericho**, and the men of Jericho, and the **Amorites** … fought against you, but I gave them into your hand. (Joshua 24:11 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
Readers might not know that “Jordan” is the name of a river, “Jericho” is the name of a city, and “Amorites” is the name of a group of people.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -55,8 +54,7 @@ Readers may not know that the names Saul and Paul refer to the same person.
|
|||
|
||||
(1) If readers cannot easily understand from the context what kind of a thing a name refers to, you can add a word to clarify it.
|
||||
|
||||
> Then you crossed over the **Jordan** and came to **Jericho**, and the men of
|
||||
> Jericho, and the **Amorites** … fought against you, but I gave them into your hand. (Joshua 24:11 ULT)
|
||||
> Then you crossed over the **Jordan** and came to **Jericho**, and the men of Jericho, and the **Amorites** … fought against you, but I gave them into your hand. (Joshua 24:11 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> > You went over the **Jordan River** and came to the **city of Jericho**. The men of Jericho fought against you, along with **the tribe of the Amorites**
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -66,6 +66,6 @@ If your language has ordinal numbers and using them would give the right meaning
|
|||
|
||||
> The **first** lot went to Jehoiarib, the **second** to Jedaiah, the **third** to Harim, the **fourth** to Seorim … the **twenty-third** to Delaiah, and the **twenty-fourth** to Maaziah. (1 Chronicles 24:7-18 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> > They cast **twenty-four** lots. The lots went to Jerhoiarib, Jedaiah, Harim, Seorim … Delaiah, and Maaziah.
|
||||
> > They cast **24** lots. The lots went to Jerhoiarib, Jedaiah, Harim, Seorim … Delaiah, and Maaziah.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Bread is a particular food made by mixing finely crushed grains with oil, and th
|
|||
Jackals are wild animals like dogs that live in only a few parts of the world. So they are not known in many places.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous **wolves**. (Matthew 7:15 ULT)
|
||||
> Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous **wolves**. (Matthew 7:15 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
If wolves do not live where the translation will be read, the readers may not understand that they are fierce, wild animals like dogs that attack and eat sheep.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ Here are ways you might translate a term that is not known in your language:
|
|||
|
||||
(1) Use a phrase that describes what the unknown item is, or what is important about the unknown item for the verse being translated.
|
||||
|
||||
> Beware of false prophets, those who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but are truly **ravenous wolves**. (Matthew 7:15 ULT)
|
||||
>> Beware of false prophets, those who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but **are truly hungry and dangerous animals**.
|
||||
> Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but are inwardly they are **ravenous wolves**. (Matthew 7:15 ULT)
|
||||
>> Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but **inwardly they are very hungry and dangerous animals**.
|
||||
|
||||
“Ravenous wolves” is part of a metaphor here, so the reader needs to know that they are very dangerous to sheep in order to understand this metaphor. (If sheep are also unknown, then you will need to also use one of the translation strategies to translate sheep, or change the metaphor to something else, using a translation strategy for metaphors. See [Translating Metaphors](../figs-metaphor/01.md).)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
|
|||
|
||||
At some point, the translation team will have to figure out what they should translate first, or, if they have already done some translation, what they should translate next. There are several factors that need to be considered:
|
||||
|
||||
* What does the church want to be translated?
|
||||
* How experienced is the translation team?
|
||||
* How much Biblical content has been translated into this language?
|
||||
* What does the church want to be translated?
|
||||
* How experienced is the translation team?
|
||||
* How much biblical content has been translated into this language?
|
||||
|
||||
The answers to these questions are all important. But remember this:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ The example below occurs at the beginning of a chapter. In some languages it mig
|
|||
|
||||
In the example below, two men are named in the first sentence. It might not be clear whom “he” in the second sentence refers to.
|
||||
|
||||
> Now after some days had passed, **King Agrippa** and Bernice came down to Caesarea to pay their respects to **Festus**. After **he** had been there for many days, Festus presented to the king the things concerning Paul. (Acts 25:13-14 )
|
||||
> Now after some days had passed, **King Agrippa** and Bernice came down to Caesarea to pay their respects to **Festus**. After **he** had been there for many days, Festus presented to the king the things concerning Paul. (Acts 25:13-14)
|
||||
|
||||
Jesus is the main character of the book of Matthew, but in the verses below he is referred to four times by name. This may lead speakers of some languages to think that Jesus is not the main character. Or it might lead them to think that there is more than one person named Jesus in this story. Or it might lead them to think that there is some kind of emphasis on him, even though there is no emphasis.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -52,4 +52,4 @@ Jesus is the main character of the book of Matthew, but in the verses below he i
|
|||
|
||||
This may be translated as:
|
||||
|
||||
> > At that time **Jesus** went on the Sabbath day through the grain fields. **His** disciples were hungry and began to pluck heads of grain and eat them. But when the Pharisees saw that, they said to **him**, “See, your disciples do what is unlawful to do on the Sabbath. But **he** said to them, “Have you never read what David did, when he was hungry, and the men who were with him? Then **he** left from there and went into their synagogue.
|
||||
> > At that time **Jesus** went on the Sabbath day through the grainfields. **His** disciples were hungry and began to pluck heads of grain and eat them. But when the Pharisees saw that, they said to **him**, “See, your disciples do what is unlawful to do on the Sabbath. But **he** said to them, “Have you never read what David did, when he was hungry, and the men who were with him? Then **he** left from there and went into their synagogue.
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue