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Minor wording changes in 1Co and 2Th notes

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Larry Sallee 2022-12-19 09:34:15 -05:00
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@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ front:intro e8ey 0 # Introduction to 1 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr
1:9 u2z0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession εἰς κοινωνίαν τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 Here Paul uses the possessive form to describe **fellowship** that is with **his Son**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could: (1) use a word such as “with” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “into fellowship with his Son” (2) translate **fellowship** with a verb such as “share in” or “commune with.” Alternate translation: “to commune with his Son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
1:9 kx3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ 1 **Son** is an important title for Jesus and identifies his relationship with God the Father. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
1:10 huz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases παρακαλῶ δὲ 1 Here, **Now** indicates the beginning of a new section. Paul transitions from giving thanks to appealing to the Corinthians to avoid divisions. You could: (1) leave this word untranslated and show the shift in topic by starting a new paragraph. Alternate translation: “I urge” (2) use a word or phrase that indicates the beginning of a new section. Alternate translation: “Next, I urge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1:10 u1u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure παρακαλῶ δὲ ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, 1 In this sentence, the words **I urge you** are located far from what Paul is urging. If it would be clearer in your language, you could move **I urge you** so that it comes right before **that you all speak**. Alternate translation: “Now brothers, through the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, I urge you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
1:10 u1u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure παρακαλῶ δὲ ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, 1 In this sentence, the words **I urge you** are located far from what Paul is urging. If it would be helpful in your language, you could move **I urge you** so that it comes right before **that you all speak**. Alternate translation: “Now brothers, through the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, I urge you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
1:10 k7gw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 Although **brothers** is masculine, Paul is using it to refer to anyone, whether man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express **brothers** with a non gendered word or refer to both genders. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1:10 sw54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Here Paul uses the **name** of Jesus to refer to the authority of Jesus. With this language, he reminds the Corinthians that he is an apostle with authority from Jesus. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning of **name** with a comparable figure of speech or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “on behalf of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:10 u4y2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom τὸ αὐτὸ λέγητε πάντες 1 In this language, to **speak the same thing** is an idiom that means that everyone is in agreement, not only in what they speak but also in what they believe and set as goals. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning of this phrase with a comparable idiom or express the idea plainly. Alternate translation: “you all see eye to eye” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ front:intro krd6 0 # Introduction to 2 Thessalonians\n\n## Part 1: General In
1:4 gcth rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς ὑπομονῆς ὑμῶν, καὶ πίστεως 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **endurance** and **faith** or if it is unclear how these two terms relate, you can express these same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “how you patiently continue to trust in Jesus” or “how you persevere in believing in the Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1:4 qlo9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς διωγμοῖς ὑμῶν, καὶ ταῖς θλίψεσιν 1 The two words **persecutions** and **afflictions** are saying very similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize how difficult life has been for the Thessalonian believers. If two words are difficult to find in your language or if your language does not use repetition in this way, you can use one word with this meaning and make the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “as you have been going through all these very difficult times” or “as people make you suffer in all the ways” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1:4 md0d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πίστεως ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς διωγμοῖς ὑμῶν 1 Here, **faith in all your persecutions** does not mean to believe in or trust in persecutions. If your readers might be confused by that, you could express it more clearly. Alternate translation: “faith in Jesus Christ during all the times you are persecuted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:5 rs3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔνδειγμα τῆς δικαίας κρίσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰς τὸ καταξιωθῆναι ὑμᾶς 1 The **evidence** that Paul is referring to here is the faithful endurance of the Thessalonian believers while suffering persecution, which he mentioned in verse 4. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. It may also be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Your endurance while suffering is a clear indication of God’s righteous judgment, that he considers you worthy” or “Your faithfulness through persecution shows that God is just and right to consider you worthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:5 rs3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔνδειγμα τῆς δικαίας κρίσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰς τὸ καταξιωθῆναι ὑμᾶς 1 The **evidence** that Paul is referring to here is the faithful endurance of the Thessalonian believers while suffering persecution, which he mentioned in verse 4. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. It may also be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Your endurance while suffering is a clear indication of God’s righteous judgment, that he considers you worthy” or “Your faithfulness through persecution shows that God is just and right to consider you worthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:5 dad9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive εἰς τὸ καταξιωθῆναι ὑμᾶς τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God will consider you worthy to be part of his kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:5 xm2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπὲρ ἧς καὶ πάσχετε 1 Here, **also** could mean: (1) the Thessalonian believers are suffering for the kingdom of God as well as being counted worthy of it. Alternate translation: “being a part of which is also the reason that you are suffering” (2) the Thessalonian believers are suffering along with other believers. Alternate translation: “which is why you are going through sufferings along with many others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1:6 cxx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact εἴπερ δίκαιον παρὰ Θεῷ 1 Paul is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Paul is saying is not certain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Since you know that God is just” or “for God is certainly right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ front:intro krd6 0 # Introduction to 2 Thessalonians\n\n## Part 1: General In
2:3 e86v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man of lawlessness arrives” or “the man of lawlessness makes himself known” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:3 jsyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας 1 Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **lawlessness**. By this Paul means that this man will oppose all of God’s commandments and instructions. If this is not clear in your language, you could express this another way. Alternate translation: “the lawless man” or “the man who opposes God’s rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
2:3 tkg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας 1 Here, **son of destruction** is an idiom meaning a person who is destined for destruction. Alternate translation: “the one who will be destroyed” or “the one whom God will destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:3 x6p0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας 1 God will destroy this person some time after the events of verse 4. If it would be clearer in your language, consider moving this phrase to the end of verse 4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
2:3 x6p0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας 1 God will destroy this person some time after the events of verse 4. If it would be helpful in your language, consider moving this phrase to the end of verse 4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
2:4 t485 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πάντα λεγόμενον θεὸν ἢ σέβασμα 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that people call God or whatever they worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:4 sk8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture αὐτὸν & καθίσαι 1 Here, **he himself sits** is part of a description of the kinds of things that this person does. If it is confusing in your language to use the present tense for this, you could use the future tense, since this will happen in the future. Alternate translation: “he himself will sit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
2:4 wj33 ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἔστιν Θεός 1 Here, **showing that he himself is God** does not mean that this man is God, but only that he is displaying himself to the world as though he were God. Alternate translation: “showing himself as God” or “attempting to demonstrate to people that he himself is God”
@ -89,12 +89,12 @@ front:intro krd6 0 # Introduction to 2 Thessalonians\n\n## Part 1: General In
2:7 faa5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast γὰρ 1 Here, the word translated **For** serves to connect this sentence as a contrast to what Paul has said about **lawlessness**, starting in verse 3. Until here, Paul was talking about lawlessness in the future, but now he wants to clarify that people are already being lawless.Use a natural way in your language for introducing this contrast. Alternate translation: “Now” or “Actually,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
2:7 si9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὸ & μυστήριον ἤδη ἐνεργεῖται τῆς ἀνομίας 1 Here, **lawlessness** is characterized as a **mystery** because we cannot understand why people rebel against God’s wise instructions unless we understand the spiritual forces at work, which Paul explains here. If your language does not use abstract nouns for these ideas, you can express them in another way. Alternate translation: “people are already mysteriously rebelling against God” or “Satan is already secretly leading people to reject God’s laws, as this man will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:7 fcu7 ὁ κατέχων 1 To restrain someone is to hold him back or to keep him from doing what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “the one who has been holding him back”
2:7 bijc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns γένηται 1 Here, **he** refers to the one who is restraining the man of lawlessness. If this is not clear to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one who restrains the man of lawlessness moves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
2:7 bijc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns γένηται 1 Here, **he** refers to the one who is restraining the man of lawlessness. If this is not clear to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one who restrains the man of lawlessness moves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
2:7 tt88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐκ μέσου γένηται 1 Here Paul speaks of the person who is restraining the man of lawlessness as though he were standing in front of him and blocking his path. If this does not make sense in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor or you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “he stops restraining him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:8 hn67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive καὶ τότε ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ὁ ἄνομος 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and then God will allow the lawless one to show himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:8 vay9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 In this figure of speech, **breath** represents the power of God and **mouth** represents the spoken word of Jesus. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “by the power of his spoken word” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:8 hy3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ, καὶ καταργήσει τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ 1 These two phrases describe the same event. Paul says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize how much more powerful Jesus is than the man of lawlessness. If it is confusing for your readers to talk about killing someone and then bringing him to nothing, you could reverse the order of the phrases, as in the UST, or you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “will destroy by his glorious appearance and with the breath of his mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2:9 sp9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession οὗ ἐστιν ἡ παρουσία, κατ’ ἐνέργειαν τοῦ Σατανᾶ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **work** that **Satan** does. If this is not clear in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Satan will bring this man and will work through him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
2:9 sp9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession οὗ ἐστιν ἡ παρουσία, κατ’ ἐνέργειαν τοῦ Σατανᾶ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **work** that **Satan** does. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Satan will bring this man and will work through him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
2:9 rikg οὗ 1 Here, **whom** refers back to the man of lawlessness. Alternate translation: “of the man of lawlessness”
2:9 bd5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ἐν πάσῃ δυνάμει, καὶ σημείοις, καὶ τέρασιν ψεύδους 1 Here, **all** is hyperbole. It can apply to: (1) only **power**, with the meaning “much” or “great.” Alternate translation: “with great power to do signs and false wonders” or (2) **power**, **signs**, and **wonders**, with the meaning “many kinds of.” Alternate translation: “with many kinds of power, signs, and false wonders” or (3) a combination of the two. Alternate translation: “with much power to do all kinds of signs and false wonders” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2:9 kcaw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν πάσῃ δυνάμει, καὶ σημείοις, καὶ τέρασιν ψεύδους 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **power**, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “with very powerful signs and false wonders” or “who made him very powerful to do signs and false wonders” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ front:intro krd6 0 # Introduction to 2 Thessalonians\n\n## Part 1: General In
2:13 ia4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀδελφοὶ ἠγαπημένοι ὑπὸ Κυρίου 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “for the Lord loves you, brothers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:13 v15j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοὶ 1 Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. If your readers understand that it is addressed only to men, you may need to use both the masculine and the feminine forms of that word in your language. If you use a nonfigurative word such as “believers”, see that both the genders are addressed. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2:13 l7a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀπαρχὴν εἰς σωτηρίαν 1 Being among the first people to be saved is spoken of as if the Thessalonian believers were **firstfruits**. Alternate translation: “to be among the first people who believe” or “to be some of the first people whom God was saving” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:13 bpqn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἀπαρχὴν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἐν ἁγιασμῷ Πνεύματος καὶ πίστει ἀληθείας 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could change the abstract nouns **salvation**, **sanctification**, **belief**, and **truth** into verbal forms. Alternate translation: “to be among the first people who believe what is true, and whom God has saved and set apart for himself by his Spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:13 bpqn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἀπαρχὴν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἐν ἁγιασμῷ Πνεύματος καὶ πίστει ἀληθείας 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the abstract nouns **salvation**, **sanctification**, **belief**, and **truth** into verbal forms. Alternate translation: “to be among the first people who believe what is true, and whom God has saved and set apart for himself by his Spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:14 e0gy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ἡμῶν 1 Here, the phrase **through our gospel** does not mean that the gospel belongs to Paul and his companions. It refers to the gospel about Jesus that Paul and his companions preached. Alternate translation: “through the gospel that we preached to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2:14 thmh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς περιποίησιν δόξης τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 The phrase **to the acquiring of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ** does not mean that we will take over or divide up the glory of Jesus Christ. It means that the believers will share in Christ’s glory. Alternate translation: “so that you might share in the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ” or “in order that you might receive glory like our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:14 pke7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς περιποίησιν δόξης τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you can express the same idea with a different form. Alternate translation: “so that you might become glorious like our Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ front:intro krd6 0 # Introduction to 2 Thessalonians\n\n## Part 1: General In
2:16 h3gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns δοὺς παράκλησιν αἰωνίαν, καὶ ἐλπίδα ἀγαθὴν 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **comfort** and **hope**, you can express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “always comforts us and has given us good things to hope for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:16 iirq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν χάριτι 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **grace**, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because of how gracious he is to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:17 x3rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy παρακαλέσαι ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας, καὶ στηρίξαι 1 Here, the word **hearts** represents both the emotion and will of a person. If **hearts** does not mean this in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “may he give comfort and strength to your livers” or “may he comfort you and strengthen you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:17 yw5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ ἀγαθῷ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the phrase **work and word** with verbs. Alternative translation: “in every good thing that you do and say” or “so that you could do and say everything that is good.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2:17 yw5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ ἀγαθῷ 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the phrase **work and word** with verbs. Alternative translation: “in every good thing that you do and say” or “so that you could do and say everything that is good.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:intro b8hk 0 # 2 Thessalonians 3 General Notes\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Idle and lazy persons\n\nIn Thessalonica, there apparently was a problem with people in the church who were able to work but refused to do so. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### What should you do if your brother sins?\n\nIn this chapter, Paul teaches that Christians need to live in a way that honors God. Christians should also encourage one another and hold each other accountable for what they do. The church is also responsible for encouraging believers to repent if they sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
3:1 k33i rc://*/ta/man/translate/checking/headings General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 1–5, Paul asks the believers to pray for him and his companions and encourages them. A heading for this section might be, “Pray for Us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/checking/headings]])
3:1 jy75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases τὸ λοιπὸν 1 Here, the word **Finally** marks a change in topic. To **pray** is not the final instruction that Paul gives but it is how Paul opens the last section of his letter where he will discuss a few remaining matters. Alternate translation: “One more thing” or “So, continuing on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])

1 Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note
20 1:4 gcth rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς ὑπομονῆς ὑμῶν, καὶ πίστεως 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **endurance** and **faith** or if it is unclear how these two terms relate, you can express these same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “how you patiently continue to trust in Jesus” or “how you persevere in believing in the Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21 1:4 qlo9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς διωγμοῖς ὑμῶν, καὶ ταῖς θλίψεσιν 1 The two words **persecutions** and **afflictions** are saying very similar things. The repetition is used to emphasize how difficult life has been for the Thessalonian believers. If two words are difficult to find in your language or if your language does not use repetition in this way, you can use one word with this meaning and make the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “as you have been going through all these very difficult times” or “as people make you suffer in all the ways” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
22 1:4 md0d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit πίστεως ἐν πᾶσιν τοῖς διωγμοῖς ὑμῶν 1 Here, **faith in all your persecutions** does not mean to believe in or trust in persecutions. If your readers might be confused by that, you could express it more clearly. Alternate translation: “faith in Jesus Christ during all the times you are persecuted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
23 1:5 rs3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἔνδειγμα τῆς δικαίας κρίσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ, εἰς τὸ καταξιωθῆναι ὑμᾶς 1 The **evidence** that Paul is referring to here is the faithful endurance of the Thessalonian believers while suffering persecution, which he mentioned in verse 4. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. It may also be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Your endurance while suffering is a clear indication of God’s righteous judgment, that he considers you worthy” or “Your faithfulness through persecution shows that God is just and right to consider you worthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) The **evidence** that Paul is referring to here is the faithful endurance of the Thessalonian believers while suffering persecution, which he mentioned in verse 4. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state that explicitly. It may also be helpful to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Your endurance while suffering is a clear indication of God’s righteous judgment, that he considers you worthy” or “Your faithfulness through persecution shows that God is just and right to consider you worthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24 1:5 dad9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive εἰς τὸ καταξιωθῆναι ὑμᾶς τῆς Βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that God will consider you worthy to be part of his kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
25 1:5 xm2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ὑπὲρ ἧς καὶ πάσχετε 1 Here, **also** could mean: (1) the Thessalonian believers are suffering for the kingdom of God as well as being counted worthy of it. Alternate translation: “being a part of which is also the reason that you are suffering” (2) the Thessalonian believers are suffering along with other believers. Alternate translation: “which is why you are going through sufferings along with many others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26 1:6 cxx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact εἴπερ δίκαιον παρὰ Θεῷ 1 Paul is speaking as if this were a hypothetical possibility, but he means that it is actually true. If your language does not state something as a condition if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Paul is saying is not certain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “Since you know that God is just” or “for God is certainly right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
78 2:3 e86v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man of lawlessness arrives” or “the man of lawlessness makes himself known” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
79 2:3 jsyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας 1 Paul is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **lawlessness**. By this Paul means that this man will oppose all of God’s commandments and instructions. If this is not clear in your language, you could express this another way. Alternate translation: “the lawless man” or “the man who opposes God’s rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
80 2:3 tkg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας 1 Here, **son of destruction** is an idiom meaning a person who is destined for destruction. Alternate translation: “the one who will be destroyed” or “the one whom God will destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
81 2:3 x6p0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας 1 God will destroy this person some time after the events of verse 4. If it would be clearer in your language, consider moving this phrase to the end of verse 4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) God will destroy this person some time after the events of verse 4. If it would be helpful in your language, consider moving this phrase to the end of verse 4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
82 2:4 t485 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive πάντα λεγόμενον θεὸν ἢ σέβασμα 1 You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “everything that people call God or whatever they worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
83 2:4 sk8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture αὐτὸν & καθίσαι 1 Here, **he himself sits** is part of a description of the kinds of things that this person does. If it is confusing in your language to use the present tense for this, you could use the future tense, since this will happen in the future. Alternate translation: “he himself will sit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
84 2:4 wj33 ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἔστιν Θεός 1 Here, **showing that he himself is God** does not mean that this man is God, but only that he is displaying himself to the world as though he were God. Alternate translation: “showing himself as God” or “attempting to demonstrate to people that he himself is God”
89 2:7 faa5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast γὰρ 1 Here, the word translated **For** serves to connect this sentence as a contrast to what Paul has said about **lawlessness**, starting in verse 3. Until here, Paul was talking about lawlessness in the future, but now he wants to clarify that people are already being lawless.Use a natural way in your language for introducing this contrast. Alternate translation: “Now” or “Actually,” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
90 2:7 si9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τὸ & μυστήριον ἤδη ἐνεργεῖται τῆς ἀνομίας 1 Here, **lawlessness** is characterized as a **mystery** because we cannot understand why people rebel against God’s wise instructions unless we understand the spiritual forces at work, which Paul explains here. If your language does not use abstract nouns for these ideas, you can express them in another way. Alternate translation: “people are already mysteriously rebelling against God” or “Satan is already secretly leading people to reject God’s laws, as this man will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
91 2:7 fcu7 ὁ κατέχων 1 To restrain someone is to hold him back or to keep him from doing what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “the one who has been holding him back”
92 2:7 bijc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns γένηται 1 Here, **he** refers to the one who is restraining the man of lawlessness. If this is not clear to your readers, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one who restrains the man of lawlessness moves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) Here, **he** refers to the one who is restraining the man of lawlessness. If this is not clear to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the one who restrains the man of lawlessness moves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
93 2:7 tt88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐκ μέσου γένηται 1 Here Paul speaks of the person who is restraining the man of lawlessness as though he were standing in front of him and blocking his path. If this does not make sense in your language, you could use an equivalent metaphor or you could express the meaning in a nonfigurative way. Alternative translation: “he stops restraining him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94 2:8 hn67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive καὶ τότε ἀποκαλυφθήσεται ὁ ἄνομος 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and then God will allow the lawless one to show himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
95 2:8 vay9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 1 In this figure of speech, **breath** represents the power of God and **mouth** represents the spoken word of Jesus. If your readers would not understand this, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “by the power of his spoken word” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
96 2:8 hy3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ, καὶ καταργήσει τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ 1 These two phrases describe the same event. Paul says the same thing twice, in slightly different ways, to emphasize how much more powerful Jesus is than the man of lawlessness. If it is confusing for your readers to talk about killing someone and then bringing him to nothing, you could reverse the order of the phrases, as in the UST, or you can combine the phrases into one. Alternate translation: “will destroy by his glorious appearance and with the breath of his mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
97 2:9 sp9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession οὗ ἐστιν ἡ παρουσία, κατ’ ἐνέργειαν τοῦ Σατανᾶ 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **work** that **Satan** does. If this is not clear in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Satan will bring this man and will work through him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **work** that **Satan** does. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Satan will bring this man and will work through him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
98 2:9 rikg οὗ 1 Here, **whom** refers back to the man of lawlessness. Alternate translation: “of the man of lawlessness”
99 2:9 bd5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole ἐν πάσῃ δυνάμει, καὶ σημείοις, καὶ τέρασιν ψεύδους 1 Here, **all** is hyperbole. It can apply to: (1) only **power**, with the meaning “much” or “great.” Alternate translation: “with great power to do signs and false wonders” or (2) **power**, **signs**, and **wonders**, with the meaning “many kinds of.” Alternate translation: “with many kinds of power, signs, and false wonders” or (3) a combination of the two. Alternate translation: “with much power to do all kinds of signs and false wonders” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
100 2:9 kcaw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν πάσῃ δυνάμει, καὶ σημείοις, καὶ τέρασιν ψεύδους 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **power**, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “with very powerful signs and false wonders” or “who made him very powerful to do signs and false wonders” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
122 2:13 ia4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἀδελφοὶ ἠγαπημένοι ὑπὸ Κυρίου 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “for the Lord loves you, brothers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
123 2:13 v15j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοὶ 1 Here, **brothers** means fellow Christians, including both men and women. If your readers understand that it is addressed only to men, you may need to use both the masculine and the feminine forms of that word in your language. If you use a nonfigurative word such as “believers”, see that both the genders are addressed. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
124 2:13 l7a8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἀπαρχὴν εἰς σωτηρίαν 1 Being among the first people to be saved is spoken of as if the Thessalonian believers were **firstfruits**. Alternate translation: “to be among the first people who believe” or “to be some of the first people whom God was saving” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
125 2:13 bpqn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἀπαρχὴν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἐν ἁγιασμῷ Πνεύματος καὶ πίστει ἀληθείας 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could change the abstract nouns **salvation**, **sanctification**, **belief**, and **truth** into verbal forms. Alternate translation: “to be among the first people who believe what is true, and whom God has saved and set apart for himself by his Spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the abstract nouns **salvation**, **sanctification**, **belief**, and **truth** into verbal forms. Alternate translation: “to be among the first people who believe what is true, and whom God has saved and set apart for himself by his Spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
126 2:14 e0gy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ἡμῶν 1 Here, the phrase **through our gospel** does not mean that the gospel belongs to Paul and his companions. It refers to the gospel about Jesus that Paul and his companions preached. Alternate translation: “through the gospel that we preached to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
127 2:14 thmh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit εἰς περιποίησιν δόξης τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 The phrase **to the acquiring of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ** does not mean that we will take over or divide up the glory of Jesus Christ. It means that the believers will share in Christ’s glory. Alternate translation: “so that you might share in the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ” or “in order that you might receive glory like our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
128 2:14 pke7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰς περιποίησιν δόξης τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **glory**, you can express the same idea with a different form. Alternate translation: “so that you might become glorious like our Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
141 2:16 h3gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns δοὺς παράκλησιν αἰωνίαν, καὶ ἐλπίδα ἀγαθὴν 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **comfort** and **hope**, you can express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “always comforts us and has given us good things to hope for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
142 2:16 iirq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐν χάριτι 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **grace**, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “because of how gracious he is to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
143 2:17 x3rr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy παρακαλέσαι ὑμῶν τὰς καρδίας, καὶ στηρίξαι 1 Here, the word **hearts** represents both the emotion and will of a person. If **hearts** does not mean this in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “may he give comfort and strength to your livers” or “may he comfort you and strengthen you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
144 2:17 yw5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ ἀγαθῷ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the phrase **work and word** with verbs. Alternative translation: “in every good thing that you do and say” or “so that you could do and say everything that is good.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the phrase **work and word** with verbs. Alternative translation: “in every good thing that you do and say” or “so that you could do and say everything that is good.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
145 3:intro b8hk 0 # 2 Thessalonians 3 General Notes\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Idle and lazy persons\n\nIn Thessalonica, there apparently was a problem with people in the church who were able to work but refused to do so. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### What should you do if your brother sins?\n\nIn this chapter, Paul teaches that Christians need to live in a way that honors God. Christians should also encourage one another and hold each other accountable for what they do. The church is also responsible for encouraging believers to repent if they sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
146 3:1 k33i rc://*/ta/man/translate/checking/headings General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 1–5, Paul asks the believers to pray for him and his companions and encourages them. A heading for this section might be, “Pray for Us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/checking/headings]])
147 3:1 jy75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases τὸ λοιπὸν 1 Here, the word **Finally** marks a change in topic. To **pray** is not the final instruction that Paul gives but it is how Paul opens the last section of his letter where he will discuss a few remaining matters. Alternate translation: “One more thing” or “So, continuing on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])