Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
1TI	front	intro	wy83			0		# Introduction to 1 Timothy<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of 1 Timothy<br><br>In this letter, Paul alternates between personal commands to Timothy that empower him to act as his representative and with his authority, and instructions for how followers of Jesus should live in community.<br><br>1. Greetings (1:1-2)<br>1. Paul commands Timothy to tell people not to teach false doctrines (1:3-20)<br>1. Instructions about how to re-establish order and decency in the church (2:1-15)<br>1. Instructions about how to ensure that elders and deacons are properly qualified (3:1-13)<br>1. Paul commands Timothy regarding his own personal conduct (3:14-5:2)<br>1. Instructions to ensure church support for worthy widows (5:3-16) and elders (5:17-20)<br>1. Paul commands Timothy that he must be impartial (5:21-25)<br>1. Instructions to ensure order in master-servant relationships (6:1-2a)<br>1. Paul commands Timothy regarding how he should teach and conduct himself (6:2b-16)<br>1. Instructions for how people who are rich should live (6:17-19)<br>1. Paul commands Timothy to guard what has been entrusted to his care (6:20-21a)<br>1. Closing good wish to the whole church (6:21b)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 1 Timothy?<br><br>A man named Paul wrote 1 Timothy. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>Paul may have written other letters to Timothy, but this is the earliest one we still have. That is why it is known as 1 Timothy or First Timothy. Timothy was his disciple and close friend. Paul probably wrote this letter near the end of his life.<br><br>### What is the Book of 1 Timothy about?<br><br>Paul had left Timothy in the city of Ephesus to help the believers there. Paul wrote this letter to instruct Timothy about various matters. The topics he addressed included church worship, qualifications for church leaders, and warnings against false teachers. This letter shows how Paul was training Timothy to be a leader among the churches.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its customary title, “1 Timothy” or “First Timothy.” Or they may choose a different title, such as “Paul’s First Letter to Timothy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is discipleship?<br><br>Discipleship is the process of making people to be disciples of Christ. The goal of discipleship is to encourage other Christians to be more like Christ. This letter gives many instructions about how a leader should train a less mature Christian. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What did Paul mean by the expression “in Christ”?<br><br>Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 1 Timothy?<br><br>In [6:5](../06/05.md), most modern versions of the Bible say something equivalent to “considering godliness to be a means of gain.” There is a more traditional reading that adds “withdraw from such things” after that. The ULT text gives the modern reading and puts the more traditional reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
1TI	1	intro	a4v2			0		# 1 Timothy 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Spiritual children<br>In this chapter, Paul calls Timothy a “son” and his “child.” Paul discipled Timothy as a Christian and a church leader. Paul may also have led him to believe in Christ. Therefore, Paul called Timothy his “son in the faith.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>In this chapter Paul speaks figuratively of people who are not fulfilling the purpose of their faith as if they had "missed the mark" that they were aiming at, as if they had ""turned away" down a wrong path, and as if they had been "shipwrecked." He speaks figuratively of following Jesus faithfully as "fighting the good fight."
1TI	1	1	t101		Παῦλος	1	Paul	In this culture, letter writers would give their own names first. Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter, and if it would be helpful to your readers, you could use it here. Immediately after introducing the writer, you might also want to indicate to whom the letter was written. Alternate translation: “I, Paul, am the one writing this letter to you, Timothy.”
1TI	1	1	t102		κατ’ ἐπιταγὴν Θεοῦ	1	by the command of God	Alternate translation: “by the authority of God”
1TI	1	1	t103		Θεοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	God our Savior	Alternate translation: “God, who saves us”
1TI	1	1	t104	figs-metonymy	Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τῆς ἐλπίδος ἡμῶν	1	the Lord Jesus Christ our hope	Here “our hope” refers figuratively to the person in whom we have hope. Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus, the one in whom we have confidence” or “Christ Jesus, whom we trust” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	1	2	t105	figs-metaphor	γνησίῳ τέκνῳ	1	a true son	Paul speaks of his close relationship to Timothy as though they were father and son. This shows Paul’s sincere love and approval of Timothy. It is also likely that Paul personally led Timothy to trust in Christ, and that would be another reason why Paul considered him to be like his own child. Alternate translation: “who is truly like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	1	2	t106		χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη	1	Grace, mercy, peace	Alternate translation: “May grace, mercy, and peace be yours,” or “May you experience kindness, mercy, and peace”
1TI	1	2	t107	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Θεοῦ Πατρὸς	1	God the Father	Here “Father” is an important title for God. Alternate translation: “God, who is our Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
1TI	1	2	t108		Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν	1	Christ Jesus our Lord	Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus, who is our Lord”
1TI	1	3	t109		καθὼς παρεκάλεσά σε	1	As I urged you	Alternate translation: “As I pleaded with you” or “As I asked you very strongly”
1TI	1	3	t110	figs-you	σε 	1	you	In this letter, with one exception, the words **you**, **your**, and **yourself** refer to Timothy and so are singular. A note will discuss the one exception in [6:21](../06/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1TI	1	3	t111		προσμεῖναι ἐν Ἐφέσῳ	1	remain in Ephesus	“wait for me there in the city of Ephesus”
1TI	1	3	t112	translate-names	Ἐφέσῳ	1	Ephesus	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1TI	1	3	t113		τισὶν	1	certain ones	Alternate translation: “certain people”
1TI	1	3	t114	figs-explicit	ἑτεροδιδασκαλεῖν	1	teach differently	The implication is that these people were not teaching in a different way, but teaching different things. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “a different doctrine from what we teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	1	4	t115		μύθοις	1	fables	These were fanciful stories of some kind, perhaps about the supposed exploits of various spiritual beings. But since we no longer know exactly what these stories were about, it would probably be best to use a general term for them. Alternate translation: “made-up stories”
1TI	1	4	t116	figs-hyperbole	γενεαλογίαις ἀπεράντοις	1	endless genealogies	Paul use the term **endless** as an exaggeration to emphasize that these are very long. Alternate translation: “lists of names that seem as if they will never end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1TI	1	4	t117		γενεαλογίαις	1	genealogies	Usually this term refers to a record of a person’s ancestors. However, in this case it could also mean a record of the supposed ancestors of spiritual beings. Alternate translation: “lists of names”
1TI	1	4	t118		αἵτινες ἐκζητήσεις παρέχουσι	1	which promote arguments	The people were debating about these stories and lists of names, but no one could know for certain whether they were true. Alternate translation: “These make people disagree angrily”
1TI	1	4	t119	figs-abstractnouns	μᾶλλον ἢ οἰκονομίαν Θεοῦ, τὴν ἐν πίστει	1	rather than the stewardship of God, which is by faith	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **stewardship** with a concrete noun such as “plan” or “work.” Alternate translation: “rather than helping us to understand God’s plan to save us, which we learn by faith” or “rather than helping us to do God’s work, which we do by faith.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TI	1	5	t120		δὲ	1	Now	Paul uses this word to introduce background information that will help Timothy understand the purpose of what he is commanding him. You can translate it with the word or phrase in your language that is most similar in meaning and significance.
1TI	1	5	t121		παραγγελίας	1	command	This refers to the instructions that Paul has given Timothy in [1:3](../01/03.md) and [1:4](../01/04.md).
1TI	1	5	t122		ἐστὶν ἀγάπη	1	is love	This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: “is to help us love God” or (2) “is to help us love other people.”
1TI	1	5	t123	figs-metaphor	ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας	1	from a pure heart	Here the **heart** figuratively represents the thoughts and inclinations. Alternate translation: “from desires only for what is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	1	5	t124	figs-metonymy	ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας	1	from a pure heart	Here **pure** figuratively indicates the person wants only good things and does not have mixed motives including some bad ones. Alternate translation: “from desires only for what is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	1	5	t125		συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς	1	a good conscience	This is a second thing that leads to love, the one goal of the command, not a second goal of the command. Alternate translation: “and from a conscience that leads a person to choose right instead of wrong”
1TI	1	5	t126		πίστεως ἀνυποκρίτου	1	a sincere faith	This is a third thing that leads to love, the one goal of the command, not a third goal of the command. Alternate translation: “and from faith that is genuine” or “and from faith that is without hypocrisy”
1TI	1	6	t127	figs-metaphor	τινες ἀστοχήσαντες	1	some, having missed the mark	Paul speaks figuratively of faith in Christ as if it were a target that people should aim at. Paul means that some people are not fulfilling the purpose of their faith, which is to love, as he has just explained. Alternate translation: “some people are not fulfilling the purpose of faith in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	1	6	t128	figs-metaphor	ἐξετράπησαν	1	have turned away	Here **turned away** figuratively means these people have stopped doing what God has commanded. Alternate translation: “are no longer doing what God commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	1	7	t129		νομοδιδάσκαλοι	1	teachers of the law	Here **law** refers specifically to the law of Moses.
1TI	1	7	t130		μὴ νοοῦντες	1	not understanding	Alternate translation: “even though they do not understand” or “and yet they do not understand”
1TI	1	7	t131	figs-doublenegatives	μὴ…μήτε…μήτε	1	not…either…or	Paul uses a double negative in Greek for emphasis here, “not…neither…nor.” The second negative (“neither…nor”) does not cancel the first negative (“not”) to create a positive meaning. If your language uses double negatives for emphasis that do not cancel one another, it would be appropriate to use that construction here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1TI	1	7	t132	figs-parallelism	what they are saying or about which they make confident affirmations	1	ἃ λέγουσιν, μήτε περὶ τίνων διαβεβαιοῦνται	These two phrases mean similar things. Paul uses the repetition for emphasis. You do not need to put both phrases in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “the things that they say so confidently are true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1TI	1	8	t133		οἴδαμεν δὲ ὅτι καλὸς ὁ νόμος	1	we know that the law is good	Alternate translation: “we understand that the law is useful” or “we understand that the law is beneficial”
1TI	1	8	t134	figs-inclusive	οἴδαμεν	1	we know	In this letter, Paul uses the words **we**, **us,** and **our** to refer either to Timothy and himself, or else to all believers, which would also include the two of them. So generally these words include the addressee. A note will discuss the one possible exception in [4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1TI	1	8	t135		ἐάν τις αὐτῷ νομίμως χρῆται	1	if one uses it lawfully	Alternate translation: “if a person uses it correctly” or “if a person uses it the way God intended”
1TI	1	9	t136		εἰδὼς τοῦτο	1	knowing this	Alternate translation: “We also know this”
1TI	1	9	t137	figs-activepassive	δικαίῳ νόμος οὐ κεῖται	1	the law is not made for the righteous	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God did not make the law for people who are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	1	9	t138	figs-nominaladj	δικαίῳ	1	the righteous	Paul is using this adjective as a noun, to refer to a class of people that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	1	9	t139	figs-nominaladj	ἀνόμοις δὲ καὶ ἀνυποτάκτοις, ἀσεβέσι καὶ ἁμαρτωλοῖς, ἀνοσίοις καὶ βεβήλοις	1	the lawless and the rebellious, the ungodly and the sinful, the godless and the profane	Paul is also using these adjectives as nouns, to refer to the classes of people that they describe. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate each of these adjectives with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who break the law, people who defy authority, peole who do not honor God, people who commit sins, people who live as if God did not matter, people who live as if nothing was sacred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	1	9	t140		βεβήλοις	1	profane	This does not mean using “swear words,” which is one popular meaning of the term, but more generally living as if nothing was sacred. However, one example of being “profane” is using the names of God and Jesus as “swear words,” rather than treating those names with respect. Look for a term in your language that will communicate this idea clearly and not be misunderstood.
1TI	1	9	t141		πατρολῴαις καὶ μητρολῴαις, ἀνδροφόνοις	1	father-killers and mother-killers, man-slayers	In this list Paul uses several compound words to express his meaning concisely and vividly. In each case the first term in the compound, a noun, is the object of the second term in the compound, a verb. Three of theses compound words are in this verse, and two more are in the next verse. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate them either with single terms or with phrases. Alternate translation: “patricides and matricides, murders” or “people who kill other people, even their own fathers and mothers”
1TI	1	9	t142	figs-gendernotations	ἀνδροφόνοις 	1	man-slayers	Paul uses the term **man** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “murderers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	1	10	t143	figs-nominaladj	πόρνοις	1	the immoral	Paul is using this adjective as a noun, to refer to a class of people that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who have sexual relations outside of marriage” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	1	10	t144	figs-idiom	ἀρσενοκοίταις	1	male-liers	This is the fourth compound word on the list. The term “lie” figuratively means to have sexual relations. Alternate translation: “men who have sexual relations with other males” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	1	10	t145	figs-gendernotations	ἀνδραποδισταῖς	1	man-stealers	This is the fifth and last compound word on the list. Paul uses the term **man** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people who kidnap other people to sell them as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	1	10	t146		καὶ εἴ τι ἕτερον τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ ἀντίκειται	1	and if anything else is contrary to healthy teaching	Here Paul leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need to be complete. He means that if anything else is contrary, then the law is made for that too. Alternate translation: “and for those who do anything else that is against true Christian teaching”
1TI	1	10	t147		τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	healthy teaching	This means not that the teaching is in good health, but that it is health-giving or life-giving. Alternate translation: “true Christian teaching”
1TI	1	11	t148		τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δόξης τοῦ μακαρίου Θεοῦ	1	to the gospel of glory of the blessed God	This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: “the gospel about the glory that belongs to the blessed God” or “the glorious gospel about the blessed God”
1TI	1	11	t149	figs-activepassive	ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγώ	1	with which I have been entrusted	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “which God gave me and made me responsible for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	1	12	t150		χάριν ἔχω	1	I have gratitude to	Alternate translation: “I thank”
1TI	1	12	t151		πιστόν με ἡγήσατο	1	he considered me trustworthy	Alternate translation: “he believed that he could rely on me”
1TI	1	12	t152	figs-metaphor	θέμενος εἰς διακονίαν	1	placing me into service	Paul speaks of the task of serving God as if it were a location that one could be placed in. Alternate translation: “he assigned me to serve him” or “he appointed me as his servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	1	13	t153	figs-explicit	ὄντα βλάσφημον	1	being a blasphemer	Paul is referring to his character before he was a Christian. The implication is that he is referring to the way that he said people should not believe in Jesus as the Messiah. Alternate translation: “I was a person who said wrong things about Jesus.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	1	13	t154	figs-explicit	διώκτην	1	a persecutor	Once again, by implication, Paul is referring to his character before he was a Christian. Alternate translation: “a person who persecuted those who believed in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	1	13	t155	figs-explicit	ὑβριστήν	1	an aggressor	Yet again, by implication, Paul is referring to his character before he was a Christian. “a violent person” or “a person who used violence against those who believed in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	1	13	t156	grammar-connect-logic-result	ἠλεήθην ὅτι ἀγνοῶν, ἐποίησα ἐν ἀπιστίᾳ	1	I was shown mercy because not knowing, I acted in unfaithfulness	If it would be clearer in your language, you could change the order of these phrases, since the second phrase, “not knowing,” gives the reason for the action that the first phrase, “I was shown mercy,” describes. Alternate translation: “I did not act the way God would have trusted me to act, but that was because I did not know what I was doing, and so Jesus had mercy on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1TI	1	13	t157	figs-activepassive	ἠλεήθην	1	I was shown mercy	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Jesus had mercy on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	1	14	t158	    δὲ	1	Indeed	Paul uses this word to introduce an expanded description of the way Jesus treated him mercifully, even though he persecuted the followers of Jesus. This description will help Timothy and the other believers in Ephesus understand how great the mercy of Jesus is. Alternate translation: “In fact”
1TI	1	14	t159	figs-metaphor	ὑπερεπλεόνασεν…ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν	1	the grace of our Lord overflowed	Paul speaks of the grace of Jesus as if it were a liquid that could fill up a container completely and spill out over the top. Alternate translation: “Jesus showed me unlimited grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	1	14	t160	figs-idiom	μετὰ πίστεως καὶ ἀγάπης τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus	This could mean one of two things. (1) Paul could be referring to the faith and love that Jesus himself possesses and saying that these were the basis of the mercy that Jesus showed him. Alternate translation: “because he believed in me and loved me” (2) Paul could also be referring to faith and love that he received from Jesus when he became **in** him, which would mean figuratively “in relationship with” him. Alternate translation: “and enabled me to trust him and love him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	1	15	t161	figs-metonymy	πιστὸς ὁ λόγος	1	This word is trustworthy	Paul uses the term **word** here figuratively to describe a saying that was communicated by using words. Alternate translation: “This statement is dependable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	1	15	t162		καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος	1	and worthy of all acceptance	Alternate translation: “and we should believe it without any doubt” or “and we should have full confidence in it”
1TI	1	15	t163	figs-quotemarks	ὅτι	1		Paul uses this term to introduce a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers if you indicate this by setting off the words that follow, “Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners,” with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language may use to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
1TI	1	15	t164	figs-idiom	ὧν πρῶτός εἰμι ἐγώ	1	of whom I am the first	Here the term **first** figuratively means the superlative example of a class, in this case a negative class. Alternate translation: “and I am the worst one of all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	1	16	t165	figs-activepassive	ἠλεήθην	1	I was shown mercy	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Jesus had mercy on me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	1	16	t166		ἵνα ἐν ἐμοὶ πρώτῳ	1	so that in me, the first	Alternate translation: “so that through me, the worst sinner of all”
1TI	1	17	t167		δὲ	1	Now	Paul uses this word to introduce a different kind of material within this letter. He is about to speak a blessing to and about God in the midst of his commands and instructions to Timothy. (See: Blessing)
1TI	1	17	t168	figs-abstractnouns	τιμὴ καὶ δόξα	1	be honor and glory	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **honor** and **glory** with verbs. Alternate translation: “may people honor and glorify” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TI	1	17	t169	figs-idiom	εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων 	1	to the ages of the ages 	This phrase means “for all the ages to come.” Alternate translation: “both now and forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	1	18	t170	figs-metaphor	ταύτην τὴν παραγγελίαν παρατίθεμαί σοι	1	This command I am placing before you	Paul speaks of his instructions as if he could physically put them in front of Timothy. Alternate translation: “I am entrusting you with this command” or “This is what I am commanding you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	1	18	t171	figs-metaphor	τέκνον	1	child	Paul speaks of his close relationship to Timothy as though they were father and son. This shows Paul’s sincere love and approval of Timothy. It is also likely that Paul personally led Timothy to trust in Christ, and that would be another reason why Paul considered him to be like his own child. Alternate translation: “you who are like my very own child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	1	18	t172		κατὰ τὰς προαγούσας ἐπὶ σὲ προφητείας	1	in accordance with the earlier prophecies about you	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say who did this action. Alternate translation: “in agreement with what other believers prophesied about you”
1TI	1	18	t173	figs-metaphor	στρατεύῃ…τὴν καλὴν στρατείαν	1	fight the good fight	Paul speaks figuratively about Timothy working for the Lord as if he were a soldier fighting a battle. Alternate translation: “continue to struggle hard on behalf of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	1	19	t174		ἀγαθὴν συνείδησιν	1	a good conscience 	See how you translated this in [1:5](../01/05.md). Alternate translation: “a conscience that leads a person to choose right instead of wrong”
1TI	1	19	t175	figs-metaphor	τινες… περὶ τὴν πίστιν ἐναυάγησαν	1	have shipwrecked regarding the faith	Paul speaks figuratively of these people as if they were a ship that had run aground or been sunk in a storm at sea so that it could no longer continue on its voyage. He means that these people no longer believe in Jesus and are no longer continuing to live as his followers. You could use this same figure, or a similar one from your culture, if your readers would understand it. Otherwise, you could say as an alternative translation, “no longer believe in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	1	20	t176	translate-names	Ὑμέναιος…Ἀλέξανδρος	1	Hymenaeus…Alexander	These are names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1TI	1	20	t177	figs-metaphor	οὓς παρέδωκα τῷ Σατανᾷ	1	whom I have given over to Satan	Paul speaks as if he physically handed these men to Satan. This probably means that Paul expelled them from the community of believers. Since they are no longer a part of the community, Satan has access to them and can harm them. Alternate translation: “I have allowed Satan to make them suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	1	20	t178	figs-activepassive	ἵνα  παιδευθῶσι	1	so that they may be taught	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “so that God may teach them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	2	intro	c6rf			0		# 1 Timothy 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Peace<br>Paul encourages Christians to pray for everyone. They should pray for rulers so that Christians can live peacefully, in a godly and dignified way.<br><br>### Women in the church<br><br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe that God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Other scholars believe that God wants women to use the gifts He gives them on an equal basis with men. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.
1TI	2	1	t179	figs-idiom	πρῶτον πάντων	1	first of all	As in [1:15](../01/32.md), the term **first** figuratively means the superlative example of a class. Alternate translation: “most importantly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	2	1	t180		παρακαλῶ	1	I urge	Alternate translation: “I encourage” or “I ask”
1TI	2	1	t181	figs-activepassive	ποιεῖσθαι δεήσεις, προσευχάς, ἐντεύξεις, εὐχαριστίας	1	for requests, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings to be made	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “I urge all believers to make requests, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgiving to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	2	1	t182		δεήσεις, προσευχάς, ἐντεύξεις, εὐχαριστίας	1	requests, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings	These terms overlap each other in what they mean. It is not necessary to view them as distinct categories. Alternate translation: “prayers of all kinds”
1TI	2	1	t183	figs-gendernotations	ἀνθρώπων	1	men	Paul uses the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	2	2	t184	figs-doublet	ἤρεμον καὶ ἡσύχιον βίον	1	a peaceful and quiet life	The terms **peaceful** and **quiet** mean the same thing. Paul uses them together for emphasis. He wants all believers to be able to live their lives without having trouble with the authorities. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “an undisturbed life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	2	2	t185		ἐν πάσῃ εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ σεμνότητι	1	in all godliness and dignity	Alternate translation: “that honors God and that other people will respect”
1TI	2	3	t186	figs-doublet	καλὸν καὶ ἀπόδεκτον ἐνώπιον…Θεοῦ	1	good and acceptable before God	The terms **good** and **acceptable** mean similar things. Paul uses them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “very pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	2	4	t187	figs-activepassive	ὃς θέλει σωθῆναι	1	who desires all men to be saved	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “who wants to save everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	2	4	t188	figs-gendernotations	πάντας ἀνθρώπους 	1	all men	Paul uses the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	2	4	t189	figs-metaphor	εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ἐλθεῖν	1	to come to the knowledge of the truth	Paul speaks of learning the truth about God as if it were a place where people could come. Alternate translation: “to know and accept what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	2	5	t190	translate-unknown	εἷς…μεσίτης Θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπων	1	one mediator of God and of men	A mediator is a person who helps negotiate a peaceful settlement between two parties who disagree with each other. Alternate translation: “one person who brings about reconciliation between God and people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1TI	2	5	t191	figs-gendernotations	ἀνθρώπων	1	men	Paul uses the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	2	5	t192	figs-gendernotations	ἄνθρωπος Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς	1	the man Christ Jesus	This could mean one of two things. (1) Paul could be using the term **man** in a generic sense to refer to the humanity of Jesus. Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus, who was human himself.” (2) However, since it is theologically important that Jesus took on every aspect of humanity, which bears the image of God by consisting of males and females, Paul could be using the term **man** in a non-generic sense to indicate that Jesus was fully human to the point of being male. Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus, who became a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	2	6	t193		δοὺς ἑαυτὸν	1	gave himself	Alternate translation: “sacrificed himself” or “died willingly”
1TI	2	6	t194		ἀντίλυτρον ὑπὲρ πάντων	1	as a ransom for all	Alternate translation: “as the price of freedom for everyone”
1TI	2	6	t195	figs-explicit	τὸ μαρτύριον	1	the testimony 	If it would be helpful to your readers, you could make it explicit that this demonstrated specifically that God wants to save all people. Alternate translation: “as the proof … that God wants to save all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	2	6	t196	figs-idiom	καιροῖς ἰδίοις	1	in its own times	This is an idiom. (If you choose to express the implicit information that the previous note discusses, you could put this phrase just before that information, for example, right after “proof” in the alternate translation that the previous note suggests.) Alternate translation: “at the time that God had chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	2	7	t197		εἰς ὃ	1	for which	Alternate translation: “of this testimony”
1TI	2	7	t198	figs-activepassive	ἐτέθην ἐγὼ κῆρυξ καὶ ἀπόστολος	1	I was made a herald and an apostle	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Jesus made me, Paul, a preacher and a representative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	2	7	t199	figs-doublet	κῆρυξ καὶ ἀπόστολος 	1	a herald and an apostle 	The terms **herald** and **apostle** mean similar things. Paul uses them together for emphasis and clarity. God sent him to proclaim the good news about Jesus as his representative. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	2	7	t200		διδάσκαλος ἐθνῶν ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀληθείᾳ	1	a teacher of the nations in faith and truth	This could mean one of two things. (1) It could be describing the content of what Paul teaches. Alternate translation: “I teach the Gentiles the message of faith and truth.” (2) It could also be describing Paul’s character as a teacher. Alternate translation: “a true and faithful teacher of the Gentiles.”
1TI	2	7	t201	figs-hendiadys	διδάσκαλος ἐθνῶν ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀληθείᾳ	1	a teacher of the nations in faith and truth	If this phrase has the second meaning that the previous note discusses, Paul may be using the two terms **faith** and **truth** together to express one idea. Alternate translation: “I teach the Gentiles about the true faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1TI	2	7	t202		ἐθνῶν	1	the nations	This term refers to members of other people groups who are not Jewish. Alternate translation: “the Gentiles” or “non-Jewish people groups”
1TI	2	8	t203	figs-gendernotations	τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ	1	the men in every place	Here the word **men** refers specifically to males. The term is not inclusive, since Paul addresses women next. Alternate translation: “the males in all places” or “men everywhere.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	2	8	t204	figs-symaction	προσεύχεσθαι…ἐπαίροντας ὁσίους χεῖρας	1	to pray, lifting up holy hands	It was the customary posture in this culture for people to raise their hands while praying. You could translate this in a way that would make that clear. Alternate translation: “when they lift up their hands reverently to pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-symaction]])
1TI	2	8	t205	figs-synecdoche	προσεύχεσθαι…ἐπαίροντας ὁσίους χεῖρας	1	to pray, lifting up holy hands	Paul describes one part of the person, the **hands**, as holy to indicate that the entire person is to be holy. Alternate translation: “lifting up their hands to pray in holiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1TI	2	8	t206	figs-hendiadys	χωρὶς ὀργῆς καὶ διαλογισμοῦ	1	without anger and argument	Here Paul expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and.** The word **anger** tells what kind of **argument** the men should avoid. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “without angry arguments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1TI	2	9	t207	figs-ellipsis	ὡσαύτως	1	likewise	Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “In the same way, I also want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1TI	2	9	t208	figs-doublet	μετὰ αἰδοῦς καὶ σωφροσύνης	1	with modesty and self-control	The terms **modesty** and **self-control** mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together for emphasis, to stress that women should cultivate these character qualities that will lead them to wear clothes that are appropriate and do not attract improper attention from men. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “with a sense of decency” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	2	9	t209	translate-unknown	μὴ ἐν πλέγμασιν	1	not in braided hair	During this time, many Roman women braided their hair lavishly to try to make themselves attractive. If your readers would not be familiar with the practice of braiding hair, you could express this idea in a more general way. Alternate translation: “They should not have fancy hairstyles” or “They should not have elaborate hairstyles that attract attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1TI	2	9	t210	figs-synecdoche	μὴ ἐν πλέγμασιν	1	not in braided hair	Paul mentions **braided hair** as one way a woman could give undue attention to her hair. Alternate translation: “They should not have fancy hairstyles” or “They should not have elaborate hairstyles that attract attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1TI	2	9	t211	translate-unknown	μαργαρίταις	1	pearls	These are beautiful and valuable mineral balls that people use as jewelry. They are formed inside the shell of a small animal that lives in the ocean. If your readers would not be familiar with pearls, you could express this idea in a more general way. Alternate translation: “decorations made from valuable materials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1TI	2	10	t212		ἐπαγγελλομέναις θεοσέβειαν, δι’ ἔργων ἀγαθῶν	1	professing godliness through good works	Alternate translation: “who want to honor God by the good things they do”
1TI	2	11	t213	figs-idiom	ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ	1	in quietness	This could mean one of two things. Either way, there seems to have been some issue in the church in Ephesus that was pitting the women against the men, although the exact details are no longer clear. Paul’s instructions would apply generally, although here he may be referring specifically to how the women should respond as Timothy and the church leaders explain how the issue should be resolved.  (1) Paul could mean that he wants the women to listen, rather than to speak. Alternate translation: “by listening” (2) Based on how it is used elsewhere in the New Testament, this expression may also be an idiom that means not to argue against what someone else is saying. Alternate translation: “without objecting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	2	11	t214		ἐν πάσῃ ὑποταγῇ	1	in all submission	Alternate translation: “and submit to what is taught”
1TI	2	12	t215		γυναικὶ οὐκ ἐπιτρέπω	1	I do not permit a woman	Alternate translation: “I do not allow a woman”
1TI	2	12	t216		εἶναι ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ	1	to be in quietness	As in [2:11](../02/11.md), this could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: “she should listen” or “she should not argue”
1TI	2	13	t217	figs-activepassive	Ἀδὰμ…πρῶτος ἐπλάσθη	1	Adam was formed first	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God created Adam first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	2	13	t218	figs-ellipsis	εἶτα Εὕα	1	then Eve	Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “and then God created Eve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1TI	2	14	t219	figs-activepassive	Ἀδὰμ οὐκ ἠπατήθη	1	Adam was not deceived	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “Adam was not the one the serpent deceived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	2	14	t220	figs-activepassive	ἡ δὲ γυνὴ ἐξαπατηθεῖσα, ἐν παραβάσει γέγονεν	1	but the woman, having been deceived, came into transgression	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “but it was the woman who disobeyed God when the serpent deceived her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	2	14	t221	figs-abstractnouns	παραβάσει	1	transgression 	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract noun **transgression** with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “disobeyed God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TI	2	15	t222		σωθήσεται…διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας	1	she will be saved through child-bearing	Here **she** refers to women who believe in Jesus. While it is grammatically possible that Paul is saying here that God will save women from their sins through their role as child bearers, that would not be consistent with his theology of salvation by grace. Another possible meaning is that God will keep women physically safe as they give birth to children. **Child-bearing** could also be a reference to the birth of Jesus as a human child to be the Savior. Alternate translation: “God will keep her safe during childbirth” or “God will save her through Jesus, who was born as a child”
1TI	2	15	t223	figs-activepassive	σωθήσεται	1	she will be saved	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God will save her” or “God will save women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	2	15	t224		ἐὰν μείνωσιν	1	if they remain	Here **they** refers to women. It is not clear why Paul switches from the singular to the plural. Alternate translation: “if women continue living.”
1TI	2	15	t225	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν πίστει, καὶ ἀγάπῃ, καὶ ἁγιασμῷ	1	in faith and love and holiness	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **faith**, **love**, and **holiness** with verbs. Alternate translation: “trusting Jesus, loving others, and living a holy life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TI	2	15	t226	figs-idiom	μετὰ σωφροσύνης	1	with self-control	Possible meanings of this expression here are (1) “with good judgment,” (2) “with modesty,” or (3) “with clear thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	3	intro	d9db			0		# 1 Timothy 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>[1 Timothy 3:16](./16.md) was probably a song, poem, or creed the early church used to express what it understood to be the meaning of who Jesus was and what he did.<br><br>### Overseers and deacons<br>The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include elder, pastor, and bishop. The word “overseer” reflects the Greek term in verses 1-2, which means literally an “over-seer.” The word “bishop” is derived directly from the letters of this Greek term. Paul writes about another kind of church leader, a “deacon,” in verses 8 and 12.<br><br>### Character qualities<br>This chapter lists several qualities that an overseer or deacon in the church must have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TI	3	1	t227	figs-metonymy	πιστὸς ὁ λόγος	1	This word is trustworthy	As in [1:15](../01/15.md), Paul uses the term **word** here figuratively to describe a saying that was communicated by using words. Alternate translation: “This statement is dependable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	3	1	t228	figs-quotemarks	πιστὸς ὁ λόγος	1	This word is trustworthy	Paul uses this phrase to introduce a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers if you indicate this by setting off the words that follow in the rest of the verse with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language may use to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
1TI	3	1	t229	translate-unknown	ἐπισκοπῆς	1	overseer	This term describes a leader of the early Christian church whose work was to take care of the spiritual needs of believers and make sure that they received accurate biblical teaching. Alternate translation: “spiritual leader” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1TI	3	1	t230	figs-metonymy	καλοῦ ἔργου	1	a good work	Paul may be using the term **work** here figuratively to describe a role in the church by reference to something associated with it, the work required to fulfill that role. Alternate translation: “an honorable task” or “an honorable role” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	3	2	t231		μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα	1	a husband of one wife	This could mean one of two things. (1) Paul could be saying that an overseer cannot be married to more than one woman. If so, it is not clear whether this would exclude men who have remarried after being widowed or divorced. It is also not clear whether Paul is saying that an overseer must be married, in which case this would exclude unmarried men who were single, widowed, or divorced. Alternate translation: “not married to more than one woman” (2) This could also be an idiom that means the overseer must always have been faithful to his wife. Alternate translation: “faithful to his wife”
1TI	3	2	t232		δεῖ…εἶναι…νηφάλιον, σώφρονα, κόσμιον, φιλόξενον	1	must be…sober, self-controlled, orderly, hospitable	Alternate translation: “He must not do anything to excess, he must be reasonable and behave well, and he must be welcoming to strangers”
1TI	3	3	t233		μὴ πάροινον, μὴ πλήκτην, ἀλλὰ ἐπιεικῆ, ἄμαχον	1	not a drunkard, not a brawler, but gentle, peaceful	Alternate translation: “He must not drink alcohol to excess, and he must not fight and argue.  Instead, he must be gentle and peaceful”
1TI	3	3	t234	figs-metaphor	ἀφιλάργυρον	1	not money-loving	This adjective describes some people figuratively as if they **loved** money because they are so eager to have it. Alternate translation: “not greedy for money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	3	4	t235		προϊστάμενον	1	managing	Alternate translation: “He should lead” or “He should take care of”
1TI	3	4	t236		ἐν ὑποταγῇ μετὰ πάσης σεμνότητος	1	in obedience with all honor	This could mean one of several things. (1) The overseer’s children should obey their father and show respect to him. Alternate translation: “who obey him completely respectfully” (2) The overseer’s children should show respect to everyone. Alternate translation: “who obey him and show respect to others” (3) The overseer should show respect to those in his household as he leads them. Alternate translation: “who obey him as he treats them with respect”
1TI	3	5	t237	figs-rquestion	εἰ δέ τις τοῦ ἰδίου οἴκου προστῆναι οὐκ οἶδεν πῶς ἐκκλησίας Θεοῦ ἐπιμελήσεται?	1	for if someone does not know how to manage his own household, how will he take care of the church of God?	Paul is making a statement, not actually asking a question. He does not expect Timothy to explain how a man who could not manage his own household could take care of God’s church. Instead, Paul is using the question form to emphasize how important it is for an overseer to demonstrate faithfulness in his personal life before assuming a leadership role in the church. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could translate these words as a statement. Alternate translation: “After all, a man who is not able to manage his own household will certainly not be able to take care of the church of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1TI	3	5	t238	figs-metonymy	ἐκκλησίας Θεοῦ	1	the church of God	Here the term **church** refers to a local group of God’s people, by association to the way they have gathered together. Alternate translation: “a group of God’s people” or “a local gathering of believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	3	6	t239		μὴ νεόφυτον	1	not a new convert	Alternate translation: “He should not be inexperienced in the faith” or “He must be a mature believer”
1TI	3	6	t240	figs-explicit	τυφωθεὶς	1	puffed up	The implication is that a new convert might become excessively proud if he were given an important leadership position right away. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “become too proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	3	6	t241	figs-metaphor	τυφωθεὶς	1	puffed up	Paul describes being proud figuratively as if it made a person swell in size. Alternate translation: “become too proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	3	6	t242	figs-metaphor	ἵνα μὴ…εἰς κρίμα ἐμπέσῃ τοῦ διαβόλου	1	so that he may not fall…into the judgment of the devil	Paul describes the experience of being condemned for having done wrong as like falling into a hole. Alternate translation: “and have God condemn him as he condemned the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	3	7	t243	figs-metaphor	τῶν ἔξωθεν	1	those outside	Paul speaks of the church figuratively as though it were a place and unbelievers were physically outside of it. Alternate translation: “those who are not believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	3	7	t244	figs-metaphor	μὴ εἰς ὀνειδισμὸν ἐμπέσῃ	1	so that he may not fall into disgrace	Paul speaks of disgrace figuratively as if it were a hole that a person could fall into. Alternate translation: “so that he does not do anything that would make him ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	3	7	t245	figs-metaphor	παγίδα τοῦ διαβόλου	1	the trap of the devil	Paul speaks of the devil tempting someone to sin as if it were a trap that could catch a person. Alternate translation: “so that the devil is not able to tempt him to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	3	8	t246		διακόνους ὡσαύτως	1	Likewise deacons	Alternate translation: “Deacons, just like overseers”
1TI	3	8	t247	figs-metaphor	μὴ διλόγους	1	not double-talkers	Paul speaks figuratively about some people as if they could say two things at once. He means that they would say one thing but mean something else. Alternate translation: “should mean what they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	3	9	t248	figs-metaphor	ἔχοντας	1	holding	Paul speaks of true teaching about God as if it were an object that a person could hold. Alternate translation: “They must continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	3	9	t249	figs-abstractnouns	τὸ μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως	1	the mystery of the faith	Paul uses the abstract noun **mystery** to refer to a truth that had existed for some time that God was then revealing at that moment. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind this term with a verb such as “reveal.” Alternate translation: “to believe what God has now revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TI	3	9	t250	figs-metaphor	ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει	1	with a clean conscience	Paul speaks figuratively of a person’s sense of right and wrong being **clean** if it assures that person that he has done no wrong. Alternate translation: “knowing that they are not doing anything wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	3	10	t251	figs-activepassive	οὗτοι…δοκιμαζέσθωσαν πρῶτον	1	let them…be tested first	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would the action. Alternate translation: “Other believers should test and approve of them first” or “They should first prove themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	3	11	t252		γυναῖκας	1	the women	This could mean one of two things. (1) Alternate translation: “deacons’ wives” (2) Alternate translation: “female deacons”
1TI	3	11	t253		σεμνάς	1	dignified	Alternate translation: “people who act properly” or “people who are worthy of respect”
1TI	3	11	t254		μὴ διαβόλους	1	not slanderers	Alternate translation: “They must not say malicious things about other people”
1TI	3	11	t255		νηφαλίους	1	sober	See how you translated this in [3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate translation: “not do anything to excess.”
1TI	3	12	t256		μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρες	1	husbands of one wife	See how you translated this in [3:2](../03/02.md). Review the note there if that would be helpful. Alternate translations: (1) “not married to more than one woman” or (2) “faithful to their wives”
1TI	3	12	t257		τέκνων καλῶς προϊστάμενοι καὶ τῶν ἰδίων οἴκων	1	managing their own children and households well	Alternate translation: “taking proper care of their children and their personal affairs”
1TI	3	13	t258	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	For	Paul uses this word to introduce what the results will be if people with the qualifications he has just described are chosen as church leaders. Alternate translation: “After all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1TI	3	13	t259		οἱ…καλῶς διακονήσαντες	1	those having served well	This could refer either to deacons, whom Paul has just discussed, or to overseers as well, as a conclusion to Paul’s entire discussion of church leaders. Alternate translation: “deacons who serve well” or “church leaders who serve well”
1TI	3	13	t260		βαθμὸν…καλὸν	1	a good standing	This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: (1) “an honorable position” or (2) “a good reputation”
1TI	3	13	t261		καὶ πολλὴν παρρησίαν ἐν πίστει τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	much confidence in the faith that is in Christ Jesus	This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: (1) “and they will trust in Jesus with even more confidence” or (2) “and they will speak more confidently to other people about believing in Jesus”
1TI	3	14	t262	figs-idiom	ἐν τάχει	1	in quickness	This expression describes Paul’s haste and urgency. Alternate translation: “as soon as I can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	3	15	t263		ἐὰν δὲ βραδύνω	1	but if I delay	This does not imply that Paul might choose to take his time rather than hurrying. Alternate translation: “But in case I cannot get there soon” or “But if something prevents me from getting there soon”
1TI	3	15	t264	figs-metaphor	ἵνα εἰδῇς πῶς δεῖ ἐν οἴκῳ Θεοῦ ἀναστρέφεσθαι	1	so that you may know how one ought to behave in the household of God	Paul speaks of the group of believers figuratively as if they were a family. Possible meanings are (1) Paul is referring only to Timothy’s behavior in the church. Alternate translation: “so that you may know how to conduct yourself as a member of God’s family” or (2) Paul is referring to the believers in general. Alternate translation: “so that you all may know how to conduct yourselves as members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	3	15	t265	figs-distinguish	οἴκῳ Θεοῦ…ἥτις ἐστὶν ἐκκλησία Θεοῦ ζῶντος	1	the household of God, which is the church of the living God	This phrase gives us further information about **the household of God**. It is not making a distinction between a household of God that is the church and one that is not the church. Alternate translation: “household of God, by which I mean the community of people who believe in the living God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1TI	3	15	t266	figs-metaphor	στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας	1	a pillar and support of the truth	Paul speaks of the truth as if it were a building and of the community of believers as if it were helping to hold up that building. Alternate translation: “which helps maintain God’s truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	3	15	t267	figs-doublet	στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα 	1	a pillar and support	The terms **pillar** and **support** mean basically the same thing. They are architectural features that hold up parts of buildings. Paul uses the terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them into an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “which helps maintain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	3	15	t268	figs-idiom	Θεοῦ ζῶντος	1	the living God	Alternate translation: “the God who is genuinely alive” or “the true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	3	16	t269		ὁμολογουμένως	1	admittedly	Alternate translation: “everyone must agree that”
1TI	3	16	t270		μέγα ἐστὶν τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον	1	great is the mystery of godliness	While in most of this letter Paul uses the term **godliness** to describe godly living, in this instance the term instead seems to describe the reverence for God that would lead a person to live a right life. Alternate translation: “the truth that God has revealed about our piety is great”
1TI	3	16	t271	figs-explicit	μέγα ἐστὶν τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον	1	great is the mystery of godliness	Since Paul follows this statement by quoting a hymn or poem about the life of Jesus, the implication is that he sees Jesus as having made it possible for people to worship God in the most genuine way. Alternate translation: “the truth that God has revealed about the grounds of our piety is great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	3	16	t272	writing-poetry	ὃς ἐφανερώθη…ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δόξῃ	1	Who was revealed…taken up in glory	This is most likely a song or poem that Paul is quoting. If your language has a way of indicating that this is poetry, such as through line-by-line formatting, you could use that here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
1TI	3	16	t273	figs-activepassive	ὃς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί	1	Who was revealed in flesh	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. (Be sure not to suggest in your translation that Jesus only seemed or appeared to be human.) Alternate translation: “he appeared as a human being” or “he came to earth as a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	3	16	t274	figs-metonymy	ἐν σαρκί	1	in flesh	Paul uses the term **flesh** figuratively here to mean “in a human body.” He is describing the human body by reference to something associated with it, the flesh that envelops it. Alternate translation: “as a true human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	3	16	t275	figs-activepassive	ἐδικαιώθη ἐν Πνεύματι	1	was justified in the Spirit	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit confirmed that he was who he said he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	3	16	t276	figs-activepassive	ὤφθη ἀγγέλοις	1	was seen by angels	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “the angels saw him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	3	16	t277	figs-activepassive	ἐκηρύχθη ἐν ἔθνεσιν	1	was proclaimed among the nations	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “people in many nations told others about him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	3	16	t278	figs-activepassive	ἐπιστεύθη ἐν κόσμῳ	1	was believed in the world	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “people throughout the world believed in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	3	16	t279	figs-activepassive	ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δόξῃ	1	was taken up in glory	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “God the Father took him up to heaven in glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	3	16	t280	figs-abstractnouns	ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δόξῃ	1	was taken up in glory	The abstract noun **glory** refers to the way Jesus received power from God the Father and is worthy of honor. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind this term with an adjective such as “powerful” and a verb such as “respect.” Alternate translation: “God the Father took him up to heaven, making him powerful and making everyone respect him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TI	4	intro	b39h			0		# 1 Timothy 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>Paul speaks in [4:14](./14.md) of prophecy. This was a message that God communicated to believers through a person to whom He had given a special gift of conveying these messages. This specific message revealed how Timothy would become a gifted leader of the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Cultural practices<br>In verse 14 Paul speaks of church leaders placing their hands on Timothy. Different churches in different parts of the world have different ways of indicating publicly that a person is being placed in a leadership position in the church.<br><br>### Variation in names<br>In this chapter Paul speaks of church leaders called “elders.” They seem to be the same kind of leaders that he calls “overseers” in chapter 3.
1TI	4	1	t281		δὲ	1	Now	Paul uses this word to introduce background information that will help Timothy and the believers in Ephesus understand the next part of his letter. The false teachings that Timothy must oppose are something that the Spirit has already predicted. You can translate the term with the word or phrase in your language that is most similar in meaning and significance.
1TI	4	1	t282	figs-idiom	ἐν ὑστέροις καιροῖς	1	in later times	This expression refers to the time when God’s purposes in history are approaching their culmination and so the evil opposition to them takes on a desperate intensity. Alternate translation: “as God’s purposes advance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	4	1	t283	figs-metaphor	ἀποστήσονταί τινες τῆς πίστεως	1	some will leave the faith	Paul speaks of people ceasing to trust in Christ as if they were physically leaving a place. Alternate translation: “some people will stop trusting in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	4	1	t284		προσέχοντες	1	attending to	Alternate translation: “and turn their attention to” or “because they are paying attention to”
1TI	4	1	t285	figs-doublet	πνεύμασι πλάνοις καὶ διδασκαλίαις δαιμονίων	1	deceiving spirits and teachings of demons	These two phrases mean similar things. Paul uses them together for emphasis. He wants to warn  believers of the dangers of false teachings and practices. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “the things that evil spirits say to trick people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	4	2	t286		ἐν ὑποκρίσει ψευδολόγων	1	in false-speaking hypocrisy	If it would be clearer in your language, you could start a separate sentence here. Alternate translation: “These people will be hypocrites, and they will tell lies”
1TI	4	2	t287	figs-metaphor	κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν	1	their own consciences having been seared	Paul is speaking figuratively of these people as if their sense of right and wrong had been ruined like skin that someone had burned with a hot iron. Alternate translation: “They will not have any sense of right and wrong any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	4	2	t288	figs-activepassive	κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν	1	their own consciences having been seared	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “They will not have any sense of right and wrong any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	4	3	t289		κωλυόντων γαμεῖν	1	forbidding to marry	If it would be helpful to your readers, you could begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “These people will forbid believers to marry”
1TI	4	3	t290	figs-explicit	κωλυόντων γαμεῖν	1	forbidding to marry	The implication is that these false teachers will forbid believers to marry. Alternate translation: “These people will forbid believers to marry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	4	3	t291	figs-ellipsis	ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων	1	to abstain from foods	Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. He does not mean that these false teachers will forbid believers to abstain from certain foods, but that they will require them to do that. In other words, the meaning of **forbidding** does not carry forward from the previous clause, rather, the meaning of “requiring” should be supplied. Alternate translation: “they will forbid believers to eat certain foods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1TI	4	3	t292	figs-explicit	ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων	1	to abstain from foods	The implication is that these false teachers will forbid only certain foods, and that they will impose this restriction on believers. Alternate translation: “they will forbid believers to eat certain foods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	4	3	t293	figs-doublet	τοῖς πιστοῖς καὶ ἐπεγνωκόσι τὴν ἀλήθειαν	1	the faithful and the ones knowing the truth	These two expressions mean the same thing. Paul uses them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “genuine believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	4	3	t294	figs-nominaladj	τοῖς πιστοῖς	1	the faithful	Paul is using this adjective as a noun, to refer to a class of people that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who believe in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	4	3	t295	figs-nominaladj	ἐπεγνωκόσι τὴν ἀλήθειαν	1	the ones knowing the truth	Paul is using this participle, which functions as an adjective, as a noun, to refer to a class of people that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who understand the truth about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	4	4	t296	figs-distinguish	πᾶν κτίσμα Θεοῦ καλόν	1	every creature of God is good	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the expression **creature of God** with a relative clause. Alternate translation: “everything that God created is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1TI	4	4	t297	figs-activepassive	οὐδὲν ἀπόβλητον μετὰ εὐχαριστίας λαμβανόμενον	1	nothing being received with thanksgiving is vile	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would the action. Alternate translation: “We are free to eat anything that we can thank God for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	4	5	t298	figs-activepassive	ἁγιάζεται	1	it is sanctified	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “it becomes holy” or “it is suitable to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	4	5	t299	figs-metonymy	διὰ λόγου Θεοῦ	1	by the word of God	Paul uses the term **word** to refer figuratively to the pronouncement that God made, using words, that everything he created was **good**. Alternate translation: “because of what God said about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	4	5	t300	figs-explicit	καὶ ἐντεύξεως	1	and prayer	In context, the implication is that this refers to prayers of thanksgiving to God for food. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “and because of the thanks people offer to God for it in prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	4	6	t301	figs-metaphor	ταῦτα ὑποτιθέμενος τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς	1	Placing these things before the brothers	Paul speaks of his instructions as if they were objects that could be physically placed in front of the other believers. Alternate translation: “If you help the believers remember these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	4	6	t302		ταῦτα	1	these things	This refers to the teaching that began in [3:16](../03/16.md).
1TI	4	6	t303	figs-gendernotations	τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς	1	the brothers	Here **brother** figuratively means a fellow believer in Jesus, whether male or female. Alternate translation: “the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	4	6	t304	figs-activepassive	ἐντρεφόμενος τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας ᾗ παρηκολούθηκας	1	being nourished by the words of the faith and of the good teaching that you have followed	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say what is doing the action. Alternate translation: “the statements of what we believe, expessed in proper teaching, are causing you to trust more strongly in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	4	6	t305	figs-metaphor	ἐντρεφόμενος τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας ᾗ παρηκολούθηκας	1	being nourished by the words of the faith and of the good teaching that you have followed	Paul speaks of these statements and teachings as if they could physically feed Timothy and make him strong. Alternate translation: “the statements of what we believe, expessed in proper teaching, are causing you to trust more strongly in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	4	6	t306	figs-metonymy	τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας 	1	the words of the faith and of the good teaching 	Paul uses the term **words** figuratively to describe the statements of belief and the teachings that explain them, both expressed in words. Alternate translation: “the statements of what we believe, expessed in proper teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	4	6	t307	figs-doublet	τοῖς λόγοις τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς καλῆς διδασκαλίας 	1	the words of the faith and of the good teaching 	The phrases **of the faith** and **of the good teaching** mean similar things. Paul uses them together for emphasis and clarity. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express them in a way that shows how they relate to one another. Alternate translation: “the statements of what we believe, expessed in proper teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	4	7	t308		τοὺς…βεβήλους καὶ γραώδεις μύθους	1	profane and old-womanish fables	See how you translated **fables** in [1:4](../01/of.md) and **profane** in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “foolish, made-up stories in which nothing is sacred”
1TI	4	7	t309	figs-idiom	τοὺς…γραώδεις μύθους	1	old-womanish fables	The term **old-womanish** is an idiom that means “silly” or “foolish.” Paul tells Timothy in [5:2](../05/02.md) that he should respect older women as mothers, so Paul’s expression here should be recognized as idiomatic rather than disrespectful. Your language may have a similar expression. Alternate translation: “old wives’ tales” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	4	7	t310	figs-metaphor	γύμναζε…σεαυτὸν πρὸς εὐσέβειαν	1	train yourself for godliness	Paul tells Timothy figuratively to work to develop godly character as if he were an athlete improving his physical conditioning. Alternate translation: “diligently practice acting in ways that please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	4	8	t311	figs-quotemarks	γὰρ 	1	for	Paul uses this term to introduce a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers if you indicate this by setting off the words that follow in the rest of the verse with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language may use to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
1TI	4	8	t312		σωματικὴ γυμνασία	1	bodily training	Alternate translation: “physical exercise”
1TI	4	8	t313		πρὸς ὀλίγον ἐστὶν ὠφέλιμος	1	is valuable for a little	This could mean one of two things. Alternate translations: (1) “may have some small value” or (2) “is of little value”
1TI	4	8	t314		ἐπαγγελίαν ἔχουσα	1	having promise for	Alternate translation: “will bring benefits in”
1TI	4	9	t315	figs-metonymy	πιστὸς ὁ λόγος	1	This word is trustworthy	As in [1:15](../01/32.md) and [3:1](../03/01.md), Paul uses the term **word** here figuratively to describe a saying that was communicated by using words. He is referring to the saying that he quoted in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “This statement is dependable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	4	9	t316		καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος	1	and worthy of all acceptance	See how you translated this in [1:15](../01/32.md). Alternate translation: “and we should believe it without any doubt” or “and we should have full confidence in it”
1TI	4	10	t317	grammar-connect-logic-result	εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ	1	for unto this	The term **this** refers to **godliness**, which Paul mentions in the previous two verses. Paul is giving a reason why Timothy should believe the saying about the value of godliness. He and his other fellow workers are striving very hard to become godly, so it must be valuable. Alternate translation: “after all, it is for godliness that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1TI	4	10	t318	figs-doublet	κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα	1	we toil and struggle	The terms **toil** and **struggle** mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize the intensity with which he and his fellow workers are serving GodIf it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “we work so hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	4	10	t319	figs-metaphor	κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα	1	we toil and struggle	Paul speaks figuratively of himself and his fellow workers as if they were doing hard manual labor and striving as if they were in an athletic contest or battle. Alternate translation: “we work so hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	4	10	t320	figs-inclusive	κοπιῶμεν καὶ ἀγωνιζόμεθα	1	we toil and struggle	This could be the one place where **we** does not include the addressee. Paul has just told Timothy to make godliness his priority, rather than physical exercise, and he may be offering himself and his other fellow workers as an example of that for Timothy to follow. So if your language makes that distinction, you may wish to use the exclusive form in this phrase. However, **we** in the next phrase would include Timothy, since Paul is encouraging Timothy to join him and his fellow workers in making godliness his priority as someone who, like them, has **hoped in the living God**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1TI	4	10	t321	figs-idiom	Θεῷ ζῶντι	1	the living God	See how you translated this in [3:15](../03/15.md). Alternate translation: “the God who is genuinely alive” or “the true God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	4	10	t322	figs-gendernotations	ἀνθρώπων	1	men	Paul uses the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	4	11	t323		παράγγελλε ταῦτα καὶ δίδασκε	1	Command and teach these things	Alternate translation: “Explain these things clearly so that everyone will obey them.”
1TI	4	12	t324		μηδείς σου τῆς νεότητος καταφρονείτω	1	Let no one despise your youth	The term **despise** here does not mean “hate,” but “think little of” or “scorn.” Alternate translation: “Do not let anyone disrespect you just because you are young”
1TI	4	12	t325	figs-metonymy	ἐν λόγῳ	1	in word 	Paul is using the term **word** here figuratively to mean speech, which uses words. Alternate translation:you're your speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	4	13	t326	figs-explicit	πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	to the reading, to the exhortation, to the teaching	If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly what Timothy is to read and to whom, and whom he is to exhort and teach. Alternate translation: “continue reading the Scriptures to the people in the church there, exhorting them, and teaching them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	4	13	t327	figs-abstractnouns	πρόσεχε τῇ ἀναγνώσει, τῇ παρακλήσει, τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	to the reading, to the exhortation, to the teaching	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the abstract nouns **reading**, **exhortation**, and **teaching** with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “continue reading the Scriptures to the people in the church there, exhorting them, and teaching them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TI	4	14	t328	figs-metaphor	μὴ ἀμέλει τοῦ ἐν σοὶ χαρίσματος	1	Do not neglect the gift in you	Paul speaks of Timothy as if he were a container that could hold God’s gift. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect the ability that God has given you for ministry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	4	14	t329	figs-litotes	μὴ ἀμέλει	1	Do not neglect	Paul is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “Be sure to use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1TI	4	14	t330	figs-activepassive	ὃ ἐδόθη σοι διὰ προφητείας	1	which was given to you through prophecy	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “which you received when leaders of the church prophesied about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	4	14	t331	translate-symaction	ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν τοῦ πρεσβυτερίου	1	with the imposition of the hands of the elders	Paul is speaking of a ceremony during which the church leaders put their hands on Timothy and prayed that God would enable him to do the work he had commanded him to do. Alternate translation: “when the elders all laid their hands on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1TI	4	15	t332	figs-metaphor	ταῦτα μελέτα, ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι	1	Study these things, be in them	Paul is speaking figuratively as if Timothy could physically be inside the instructions he has just given him. Alternate translation: “Give careful attention to these instructions and make them your way of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	4	16	t333		ἔπεχε σεαυτῷ καὶ τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	Pay attention to yourself and to the teaching	Alternate translation: “Conduct yourself carefully and give attention to your teaching”
1TI	4	16	t334		ἐπίμενε αὐτοῖς	1	Continue in these things	Alternate translation: “Continue to do these things”
1TI	4	16	t335		καὶ σεαυτὸν σώσεις καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντάς σου	1	you will save both yourself and your listeners	Possible meanings are (1) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from God’s judgment or (2) Timothy will save himself and those who hear him from the influence of false teachers. Perhaps both meanings are in view, since if Timothy can persuade the people of the church in Ephesus not to listen to the false teachers, then he will also spare them from God’s judgment upon the wrong things they would have done if they had listened to those teachers. Alternate translation: “you will keep yourself and your listeners from believing and doing the wrong things”
1TI	5	intro	jx4e			0		# 1 Timothy 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Honor and respect<br>Paul encourages younger Christians to honor and respect older Christians. Cultures honor and respect older people in different ways.<br><br>### Widows<br>In the ancient Near East, it was important to care for widows, because they could not provide for themselves.<br><br>### Variation in names<br>In this chapter as well Paul speaks of church leaders called “elders.” Once again they seem to be the same kind of leaders that he calls “overseers” in chapter 3.
1TI	5	1	wt5y	figs-you		0	General Information:	Paul was giving these commands to one person, Timothy. Languages that have different forms of “you” or different forms for commands would use the singular form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1TI	5	1	t336		πρεσβυτέρῳ μὴ ἐπιπλήξῃς	1	Do not rebuke an older man	Alternate translation: “Do not speak harshly to an older man”
1TI	5	1	t337		ἀλλὰ παρακάλει	1	but exhort him	Alternate translation: “Instead, encourage him”
1TI	5	1	t338	figs-simile	ὡς πατέρα…ὡς ἀδελφούς	1	as a father…as brothers	Paul uses these similes to tell Timothy that he should treat fellow believers with sincere love and respect. Alternate translation: “as if he were your own father…encourage them as if they were your own brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1TI	5	2	t339	figs-simile	ὡς μητέρας…ὡς ἀδελφὰς	1	as mothers…as sisters	Paul uses these similes to tell Timothy that he should treat fellow believers with sincere love and respect. Alternate translation: “encourage each of them as if they were your own mother…encourage them as if they were your own sisters”  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1TI	5	2	t340	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν πάσῃ ἁγνίᾳ	1	in all purity	If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the idea behind the abstract noun **purity** with an adjective such as “pure.” Alternate translation: “making sure that your thoughts and actions are pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TI	5	3	t341		χήρας τίμα	1	Honor widows	Alternate translation: “The church should respect and provide for widows”
1TI	5	3	t342		τὰς ὄντως χήρας	1	real widows	Alternate translation: “widows who have no one else to provide for them”
1TI	5	4	t343		πρῶτον	1	first	Alternate translation: “before the church offers any support”
1TI	5	4	t344	figs-parallelism	μανθανέτωσαν…τὸν ἴδιον οἶκον εὐσεβεῖν, καὶ ἀμοιβὰς ἀποδιδόναι τοῖς προγόνοις	1	let them learn to honor their own household and to make repayment to their forebears	These two phrases mean similar things. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Alternate translation: “let them provide the support that their widowed mother or grandmother needs and deserves” However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. Paul is actually giving two reasons why people should support their widowed mothers or grandmothers. Alternate translation: “This is a reasonable expectation of family members, and it will honor a debt of gratitude.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1TI	5	4	t345	figs-metonymy	τὸν ἴδιον οἶκον	1	their own household	Paul uses this phrase figuratively to refer to family members, by association to the way they live in the same house. Alternate translation:  “their own family members” or “those living in their homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	5	4	t346		ἀμοιβὰς ἀποδιδόναι τοῖς προγόνοις	1	make repayment to their forebears	Alternate translation: “Let them do good to their mother or grandmother in return for the good things their parents and grandparents gave them”
1TI	5	4	t347	grammar-connect-logic-result	γάρ	1	for	Paul uses this term to introduce an additional reason why family members should support their widowed mothers or grandmothers. Alternate translation: “also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1TI	5	4	t348	figs-metaphor	τοῦτο…ἐστιν ἀπόδεκτον ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	this is pleasing before God	Paul uses the expression **before God**, which means “in front of God,” to mean “where God can see.” Seeing, in turn, figuratively means attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “in God’s view” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	5	5	t349	figs-activepassive	ἡ…ὄντως χήρα καὶ μεμονωμένη	1	the genuine and left-alone widow	If it would be clearer in your language, you could use an active form in place of the passive form **left-alone**. Alternate translation: “a real widow, one who has no family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	5	5	t350	figs-metaphor	προσμένει ταῖς δεήσεσιν καὶ ταῖς προσευχαῖς	1	continues in requests and prayers 	Paul is speaking figuratively as if these widows could physically be inside their own prayers. Alternate translation: “continues to make requests and offer prayers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	5	5	t351	figs-doublet	ταῖς δεήσεσιν καὶ ταῖς προσευχαῖς	1	requests and prayers	These two words mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how greatly these widows pray. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “intercessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	5	5	t352	figs-merism	νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας	1	night and day	The words **night** and **day** are used together to mean “at all times.” Alternate translation: “all the time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1TI	5	6	t353	figs-nominaladj	ἡ…σπαταλῶσα	1	the one cavorting	Paul is using this participle, which functions as an adjective, as a noun, to describe such a woman as a member of a class of people that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a woman who lives wantonly and extravagantly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	5	6	t354	figs-metaphor	ζῶσα τέθνηκεν	1	living, has died	Paul speaks figuratively about people who do not seek to please God as if they were dead. Alternate translation: “is spiritually dead, even though she is still alive physically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	5	7	t355		καὶ ταῦτα παράγγελλε	1	Also command these things	Alternate translation: “Command these things as well”
1TI	5	7	t356		ἵνα ἀνεπίλημπτοι ὦσιν	1	so that they may be irreproachable	Possible referents of **they** are (1) these widows and their families or (2) all the believers. It might be best to leave the subject as **they**. Alternate translation: “so that no one can find fault with them”
1TI	5	8	t357	figs-idiom	τις τῶν ἰδίων καὶ μάλιστα οἰκείων οὐ προνοεῖ	1	does not provide for his own, and especially for household members	Here **his own** is an idiom that means “his own relatives.” Alternate translation: “does not help with his relatives’ needs, and especially those of the family members living in his home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	5	8	t358	figs-metaphor	τὴν πίστιν ἤρνηται	1	he has denied the faith	Paul says figuratively that this action would be equivalent to denying the faith itself. Alternate translation: “he has acted contrary to the way we believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	5	8	t359		ἔστιν ἀπίστου χείρων	1	is worse than an unbeliever	Paul means that this person is worse than an unbeliever because even unbelievers take care of their own relatives. Therefore, a believer should certainly take care of his relatives. Alternate translation: “is acting worse than those who do not believe in Jesus”
1TI	5	9	t360	figs-activepassive	χήρα καταλεγέσθω	1	Let a widow be enrolled	There seems to have been a register of widows. The church members met these women’s needs for food, clothing, and shelter, and these women then devoted their lives to serving the Christian community. If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “have the church put a widow on the register” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	5	9	t361	figs-litotes	μὴ ἔλαττον ἐτῶν ἑξήκοντα γεγονυῖα	1	being not less than sixty years old	Paul is using a figure of speech here that expresses a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “if she is at least sixty years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1TI	5	9	t362	figs-idiom	ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή	1	a wife of one husband	Like the similar expression in [3:2](../01/32.md), this could mean one of two things. Alternate translations: (1) “and she was always faithful to her husband” or (2) “and she did not divorce her husband and marry another man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	5	10	t363	figs-activepassive	ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς μαρτυρουμένη	1	attested in good works	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “People must be able to attest to her good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	5	10	t364		ἐξενοδόχησεν	1	has received strangers	Alternate translation: “has welcomed strangers into her home” or “practiced hospitality”
1TI	5	10	t365	translate-symaction	ἁγίων πόδας ἔνιψεν	1	has washed the feet of the saints	In this culture people walked barefoot or in sandals on roads that were dusty or muddy, so washing their feet once they entered a home was a way of helping them be comfortable and clean. If the people of your culture would not be familiar with this practice, you could use a general expression instead. Alternate translation: “has done common work to help other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1TI	5	10	t366	figs-synecdoche	ἁγίων πόδας ἔνιψεν	1	has washed the feet of the saints	Paul is using one type of humble service figuratively to represent humble service in general. Alternate translation: “has done common work to help other believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1TI	5	10	t367	figs-idiom	ἁγίων	1	the saints	This expression refers to believers in Jesus as people who are “holy” or “set apart” for God. Alternate translation: “the believers” or “God’s holy people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	5	10	t368	figs-nominaladj	θλιβομένοις ἐπήρκεσεν	1	relieved the afflicted	Paul is using the adjective **afflicted** as a noun, to refer to a class of people that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “has helped people who were suffering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	5	10	t369	figs-hyperbole	παντὶ ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ ἐπηκολούθησεν	1	pursued every good work	Paul uses the word **every** here as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “done all kinds of good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1TI	5	11	t370		νεωτέρας δὲ χήρας παραιτοῦ	1	But refuse younger widows	Alternate translation: “But do not put widows who are younger than 60 years old on the register”
1TI	5	11	t371	figs-explicit	ὅταν…καταστρηνιάσωσιν τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	when they become wanton against Christ	The implication that when a widow accepted a place on the register, she promised to remain unmarried and devote herself to serving other believers. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when they feel bodily desires that are contrary to their pledge of chastity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	5	12	t372		ἔχουσαι κρίμα	1	having judgment	Alternate translation: “and so they incur God’s judgment”
1TI	5	12	t373		τὴν πρώτην πίστιν ἠθέτησαν	1	they have broken their first pledge	The term **pledge** here refers to a commitment the widows made, as the last note to [5:11](../05/11.md) explains, that they would serve the Christian community for the rest of their lives, and not remarry, if the community would supply their needs. Alternate translation: “they do not keep their prior commitment” or “they do not do what they promised before”
1TI	5	13	t374		ἀργαὶ μανθάνουσιν	1	they learn to be lazy ones	Alternate translation: “they get into the habit of doing nothing”
1TI	5	13	t375	figs-nominaladj	ἀργαὶ	1	lazy ones	Paul is using the adjective **lazy** as a noun, to refer to a class of people that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are lazy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	5	13	t376		περιερχόμεναι τὰς οἰκίας	1	going around houses 	Alternate translation: “going from house to house”
1TI	5	13	t377	figs-doublet	φλύαροι καὶ περίεργοι, λαλοῦσαι τὰ μὴ δέοντα	1	babblers and busybodies, saying what they should not	These three phrases are probably all ways of speaking about the same activity. These people should not be looking into other people’s private lives and telling about them to others who are no better off after hearing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine them into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “people who interfere openly in other people’s business” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) (A doublet can consist of more than two terms.)
1TI	5	13	t378		φλύαροι	1	babblers	Alternate translation: “people who talk nonsense”
1TI	5	14	t379		τῷ ἀντικειμένῳ	1	the one opposing	This means “the enemy,” and it could refer either to Satan or collectively to unbelievers who are hostile to followers of Jesus. Alternate translation: “the enemy” or “the devil” or “hostile unbelievers”
1TI	5	15	t380	figs-metaphor	ἐξετράπησαν ὀπίσω τοῦ Σατανᾶ	1	turned aside after Satan	Paul speaks of living in faithfulness to Christ as if it were a path to be followed. He means that some younger widows have stopped obeying Jesus and have started to do instead what Satan would want them to do. Alternate translation: “decided to do what Satan would want instead of what Jesus would want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	5	16	t381	figs-nominaladj	τις πιστὴ	1	any believing woman	Paul is using this participle, which functions as an adjective, as a noun, to refer to a class of people that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any woman who believes in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	5	16	t382	figs-explicit	ἔχει χήρας	1	has widows	The implication is that she has widows within her extended family. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “has widows among her relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	5	16	t383	figs-metaphor	καὶ μὴ βαρείσθω ἡ ἐκκλησία	1	let the church not be weighed down	Paul speaks figuratively of the community having to help more people than it is able to as if it were carrying too much weight on its back. Alternate translation: “so that the church will not have more work than it can do” or “so that the Christian community will not have to support widows whose families could provide for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	5	16	t384	figs-activepassive	καὶ μὴ βαρείσθω ἡ ἐκκλησία	1	let the church not be weighed down	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “so that the church will not have more work than it can do” or “so that the Christian community will not have to support widows whose families could provide for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	5	16	t385		ὄντως χήραις	1	genuine widows	Alternate translation: “widows who have no one else to provide for them”
1TI	5	17	t386	figs-activepassive	οἱ καλῶς προεστῶτες πρεσβύτεροι…ἀξιούσθωσαν	1	The elders having ruled well, let them be considered worthy	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “All believers should consider elders who are good leaders to be deserving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	5	17	t387		διπλῆς τιμῆς	1	double honor	This could mean one of two things. Since Paul quotes two Scriptures in the next verse that support the idea of church leaders being paid for their work, the first possibility is more likely. Alternate translations: (1) “both respect and payment for their work” or (2) “more respect than others receive”
1TI	5	17	t388	figs-nominaladj	οἱ κοπιῶντες	1	the ones toiling	Paul is using the participle **toiling**, which functions as an adjective, as a noun, to describe members of a class of people that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “elders who work hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	5	17	t389	figs-hendiadys	ἐν λόγῳ καὶ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	in the word and in teaching	This phrase expresses a single idea by using two phrases (which are actually just two words in Greek) connected with **and.** The phrase **in the word** identifies the content of the **teaching**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the meaning with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “at preaching from the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1TI	5	17	t390	figs-metonymy	λόγῳ	1	the word	Paul uses the term **word** here figuratively to describe the Scriptures, which God inspired people to put into words. Alternate translation: “the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	5	18	t391	figs-personification	λέγει γὰρ ἡ Γραφή	1	For the Scripture says	Paul figuratively describes Scripture as if it could speak for itself. Alternate translation: “For we read in the Scriptures that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1TI	5	18	t392	figs-declarative	βοῦν ἀλοῶντα οὐ φιμώσεις	1	You will not muzzle a threshing ox	Here the Scriptures use a statement in order to give a command. Alternate translation: “You must not muzzle an ox while it is treading on grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
1TI	5	18	t393	figs-metaphor	βοῦν ἀλοῶντα οὐ φιμώσεις	1	You will not muzzle a threshing ox	Paul is quoting this passage figuratively. He is using it to indicate that just as God wanted oxen to be able to eat some of the grain they were working to separate from its husks, so church leaders deserve to receive payment from the Christian community that they are serving. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	5	18	t394	translate-unknown	φιμώσεις	1	muzzle	A **muzzle** is a sleeve that goes over an animal’s snout and mouth to prevent it from eating while it is doing work. Alternate translation: “put a muzzle on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1TI	5	18	t395	translate-unknown	ἀλοῶντα	1	threshing	An ox in this culture would **thresh** grain by walking on it on or pullubg a heavy object over it to separate the grain from the husks. Alternate translation: “treading on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1TI	5	18	t396		ἄξιος	1	worthy	Alternate translation: “deserving”
1TI	5	19	t397	grammar-connect-exceptions	κατηγορίαν μὴ παραδέχου, ἐκτὸς εἰ	1	do not receive an accusation, except if	If, in your language, it would appear that Paul was making a statement and then contradicting it, you could reword this statement to avoid using an exception clause. Alternate translation: “only believe that an accusation is true if” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
1TI	5	19	t398	figs-metaphor	κατηγορίαν μὴ παραδέχου	1	do not receive an accusation	Paul speaks of accusations as if they were objects that people could physically accept. Alternate translation: “Do not believe that an accusation is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	5	19	t399	figs-metaphor	ἐπὶ δύο ἢ τριῶν μαρτύρων	1	upon two or three witnesses	Here **upon** is a spatial metaphor that indicates “relying on.” Alternate translation: “at least two people give evidence for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	5	19	t400		δύο ἢ τριῶν	1	two or three	Alternate translation: “at least two” or “two or more”
1TI	5	20	t401	figs-nominaladj	τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντας	1	the ones sinning	Paul is using this participle, which functions as an adjective, as a noun, to refer to a class of people that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “elders who doing wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	5	20	t402	figs-metaphor	ἐνώπιον…πάντων	1	before all	Paul uses the expression **before**, meaning “in front of,” to indicate “where everyone can see.” Seeing, in turn, figuratively means attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “where everyone will notice and pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	5	20	t403	figs-explicit	ἵνα καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ φόβον ἔχωσιν	1	so that the rest also may have fear	If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say what, by implication, people will be afraid of. Alternate translation: “so that other people will be afraid to sin themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	5	20	t404	figs-idiom	φόβον ἔχωσιν	1	may have fear	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	5	21	t405	figs-metaphor	ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	before God and Christ Jesus and the chosen angels	Paul uses the expression **before**, meaning “in front of,” to indicate “where they can see.” Seeing, in turn, figuratively means attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “as God and Christ Jesus and the chosen angels are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	5	21	t406	figs-idiom	τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν ἀγγέλων	1	the chosen angels	This means the angels whom God has chosen to serve him in a special way. Alternate translation: “the angels who are God’s special servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	5	21	t407		ταῦτα φυλάξῃς	1	keep these things	Alternate translation: “follow these instructions”
1TI	5	21	t408	figs-doublet	χωρὶς προκρίματος, μηδὲν ποιῶν κατὰ πρόσκλισιν	1	without partiality, doing nothing out of favoritism	The terms **partiality** and **favoritism** mean basically the same thing. Paul is emphasizing that Timothy must judge honestly and be fair to everyone. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “being completely fair to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	5	21	t409		ταῦτα	1	these things	Grammatically this could refer either to the instructions Paul has just given Timothy about elders, or to the instructions he is about to give Timothy regarding his own personal conduct. But since Paul tells Timothy to follow these instructions without favoring one person over another, it is most likely that this refers to the instructions about elders. Alternate translation: “these things that I have just told you”
1TI	5	22	t410	translate-symaction	χεῖρας ταχέως μηδενὶ ἐπιτίθε	1	Place hands hastily on no one	The **placing of hands** was a ceremony in which one or more church leaders would put their hands on people and pray that God would enable them to serve the church in a way that would please God. Timothy was to wait until a person had shown good character for a long time before officially and publicly setting that person apart in this way to serve the Christian community. Alternate translation: “wait until a person has demonstrated good character consistently before appointing that person to church leadership” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1TI	5	22	t411	figs-litotes	χεῖρας ταχέως μηδενὶ ἐπιτίθε	1	Place hands hastily on no one	Paul is using a figure of speech here that expresses a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “wait until a person has demonstrated good character consistently before appointing that person to church leadership” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1TI	5	22	t412	figs-explicit	μηδὲ κοινώνει ἁμαρτίαις ἀλλοτρίαις	1	nor share in the sins of others	The implication in context may be that if Timothy appoints a person to leadership before they are ready, or without ensuring that their character is exemplary, then Timothy will bear some responsibility for that person’s ultimate failure as a leader, or he will appear to have approved of the person’s sins, once they are uncovered. Alternate translation: “so that you do not become responsible for moral and leadship failures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	5	23	t413	figs-explicit	οἴνῳ ὀλίγῳ χρῶ	1	use a little wine	Paul is telling Timothy to use wine specifically as medicine. The water in that area was impure and often caused sickness. Alternate translation: “also drink some wine from time to time as medicine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	5	24	t414	figs-gendernotations	ἀνθρώπων	1	men	Paul uses the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])	
1TI	5	24	t415	figs-personification	πρόδηλοί εἰσιν, προάγουσαι εἰς κρίσιν	1	are evident, going ahead into judgment	Paul speaks of sins as if they could move on their own ahead of a person to the place where that person will be judged for committing them. Alternate translation: “are so obvious that everyone knows they are guilty even before God declares them guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1TI	5	24	t416	figs-personification	τισὶν δὲ καὶ ἐπακολουθοῦσιν	1	but they also follow after some	Paul speaks once again of sins as if they could move on their own. Alternate translation: “but the sins of other people do not become evident until God judges them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1TI	5	25	t417	figs-explicit	καὶ τὰ ἔργα τὰ καλὰ πρόδηλα	1	good works are also evident	Implicitly Paul does not mean all good works here, since in the rest of the sentence he speaks of some good works that are not evident. Alternate translation: “most good works are also obvious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	5	25	t418	figs-idiom	τὰ ἔργα τὰ καλὰ	1	good works	These works are considered **good** because they are consistent with God’s character, purposes, and will. Alternate translation: “actions that God approves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	5	25	t419	figs-metaphor	καὶ τὰ ἄλλως ἔχοντα, κρυβῆναι οὐ δύναταί	1	and the ones having otherwise are not able to be hidden	Paul speaks of good works as if they were objects that someone could hide. Alternate translation: “and people will find out later about even those good deeds that are not obvious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	5	25	t420	figs-activepassive	καὶ τὰ ἄλλως ἔχοντα, κρυβῆναι οὐ δύναταί	1	and the ones having otherwise are not able to be hidden	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who will do the action. Alternate translation: “and people will later find out about even those good deeds that are not obvious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	6	intro	rks4			0		# 1 Timothy 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Slavery<br><br>In this chapter Paul teaches slaves about honoring, respecting, and diligently serving their masters. This does not mean that he is endorsing slavery as a good thing, or as something that God approves of. Instead, Paul is encouraging believers to be godly and content in every situation that they are in. This does not mean that they cannot also work to change those situations.
1TI	6	1	t421	figs-metaphor	ὅσοι εἰσὶν ὑπὸ ζυγὸν δοῦλοι	1	As many slaves as are under the yoke	Paul speaks of people working as slaves as if they were oxen plowing or pulling with a yoke around their necks. Alternate translation: “people who are working as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	1	t422	figs-explicit	ὅσοι εἰσὶν	1	as many…as are	The implication in context is that Paul is speaking about believers who are slaves. Alternate translation: “believers who are working as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	6	1	t423	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ ἡ διδασκαλία βλασφημῆται	1	so that the name of God and the teaching may not be blasphemed	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “so that unbelievers will always speak respectfully about God’s character and about what Christians believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	6	1	t424	figs-litotes	ἵνα μὴ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ ἡ διδασκαλία βλασφημῆται	1	so that the name of God and the teaching may not be blasphemed	Paul is using a figure of speech here that expresses a positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. Alternate translation: “the unbelievers will always speak respectfully about God’s character and about what Christians believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1TI	6	1	t425	figs-metonymy	τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the name of God	Here **name** is a figurative way of referring to the fame or reputation of a person. Alternate translation: “God’s character” or “God’s reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	6	1	t426	figs-metonymy	ἡ διδασκαλία	1	the teaching	Paul uses this phrase figuratively to refer to the content of this teaching, by association to the way the content is communicated. Alternate translation: “what Christians believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	6	2	t427	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί εἰσιν	1	they are brothers	Here **brothers** figuratively means fellow believer sin Jesus, whether male or female. Alternate translation: “they are fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	6	2	t428		ἀγαπητοὶ	1	beloved	Alternate translations: (1) “and so their believing slaves should love them” or (2) “whom God loves”
1TI	6	3	t429	figs-parallelism	ἑτεροδιδασκαλεῖ, καὶ μὴ προσέρχεται ὑγιαίνουσι λόγοις	1	is teaching differently and does not accede to the healthy words 	These two phrases mean the same thing. Paul uses the repetition for clarity and emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “is teaching something other than the true expression of our faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1TI	6	3	t430		ὑγιαίνουσι λόγοις	1	the healthy words	See how you translated the term **healthy** in [1:10](../01/10.md). Here as well it means “health-giving” rather than “in good health.” Alternate translation: “the true expression of our faith”
1TI	6	3	t431	figs-metonymy	ὑγιαίνουσι λόγοις	1	the healthy words	Paul uses the term **words** figuratively to describe expression in words of what Christians genuinely believe. Alternate translation: “the true expression of our faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1TI	6	4	t432	figs-metaphor	τετύφωται…νοσῶν	1	he is puffed up	Paul speaks figuratively of a person who is excessively proud as if they were inflated with air. Alternate translation: “that person is excessively proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	4	t433	figs-activepassive	τετύφωται…νοσῶν	1	he is puffed up	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “that person is excessively proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	6	4	t434	figs-gendernotations	τετύφωται…νοσῶν	1	he is puffed up	Here **he** refers to anyone in general who teaches what is not correct. Alternate translation: “that person is excessively proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	6	4	t435	figs-hyperbole	μηδὲν ἐπιστάμενος	1	understanding nothing	Paul uses the term **nothing** here as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “understands nothing about God’s truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1TI	6	4	t436	figs-metaphor	νοσῶν περὶ ζητήσεις καὶ λογομαχίας	1	ailing about controversies and word-battles	Paul speaks of people who feel compelled to engage in useless arguments as if they were ill. Such people greatly desire to argue, and they do not really want to find a way to agree. Alternate translation: “morbidly craves arguments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	4	t437	figs-doublet	ζητήσεις καὶ λογομαχίας	1	controversies and word-battles	These two terms mean basically the same thing. Paul uses them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “arguments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	6	4	t438		λογομαχίας	1	word-battles	Alternate translation: “fights about the meaning of words”
1TI	6	4	t439		βλασφημίαι	1	blasphemies	While this term often refers to untrue or disrespectful things that people say about God, in this context, it refers to people falsely saying bad things about each other. Alternate translation: “insults”
1TI	6	4	t440		ὑπόνοιαι πονηραί	1	evil suspicions	Alternate translation: “people feeling unfairly as if others want to harm them”
1TI	6	5	t441	figs-activepassive	διεφθαρμένων ἀνθρώπων τὸν νοῦν καὶ ἀπεστερημένων τῆς ἀληθείας	1	men having been corrupted as to the mind and having been deprived of the truth	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “people whose minds are corrupt and who no longer believe the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	6	5	t442	figs-parallelism	διεφθαρμένων ἀνθρώπων τὸν νοῦν καὶ ἀπεστερημένων τῆς ἀληθείας	1	men having been corrupted as to the mind and having been deprived of the truth	These two phrases mean the same thing. Paul uses the repetition for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these phrases. Alternate translation: “people who are no longer able to recognize the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1TI	6	5	t443	figs-gendernotations	ἀνθρώπων	1	men 	Paul uses the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	6	6	t444	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	But	Paul uses this term to introduce a contrast between what the false teachers believe about godliness and what is really true about godliness. Alternate translation: “Instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
1TI	6	6	t445	figs-abstractnouns	ἔστιν…πορισμὸς μέγας ἡ εὐσέβεια μετὰ αὐταρκείας	1	godliness with contentment is great gain	If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **godliness** and **contentment** with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “a person is very well off if they do what is godly and are content with what they have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1TI	6	7	t446	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	For	Paul uses this word to introduce the reason for what he said in the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “After all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1TI	6	7	t447	figs-explicit	οὐδὲν…εἰσηνέγκαμεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον	1	we brought nothing into the world	The implication is that Paul is speaking about when a person is born. Alternate translation: “brought nothing into the world when we were born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	6	7	t448	figs-ellipsis	ὅτι	1	that	Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would ordinarily need in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “and so it is also clear that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1TI	6	7	t449	figs-explicit	οὐδὲ ἐξενεγκεῖν τι δυνάμεθα	1	neither are we able to take anything out	The implication is that Paul is speaking about when a person dies. Alternate translation: “we can take nothing out of the world when we die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	6	8	t450	figs-declarative	ἀρκεσθησόμεθα	1	we will be satisfied	Here Paul uses a statement in order to express a moral imperative. Alternate translation: “that should be enough for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
1TI	6	8	t451	figs-activepassive	ἀρκεσθησόμεθα	1	we will be satisfied	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “that should be enough for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	6	9	t452	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	Now	Paul uses this term to indicate that he is returning to the topic of those who think being godly will make them wealthy. You can translate the term with the word or phrase in your language that is most similar in meaning and significance.  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
1TI	6	9	t453	figs-nominaladj	οἱ…βουλόμενοι	1	the ones wanting 	Paul is using this participle, which functions as adjective, as a noun, to refer to a class of people that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	6	9	t454	figs-metaphor	ἐμπίπτουσιν εἰς πειρασμὸν, καὶ παγίδα	1	fall into temptation and a trap	Paul speaks figuratively about those who let the temptation of money cause them to sin as if they were animals that fall into a hole that a hunter is using as a trap. Alternate translation: “will encounter more temptation than they can resist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	9	t455	figs-metaphor	καὶ ἐπιθυμίας πολλὰς ἀνοήτους καὶ βλαβεράς	1	and many foolish and harmful desires	This phrase continues the figure of speech from the previous phrase. Paul speaks about these desires as well as if they were a hole that a hunter was using as a trap. Alternate translation: “and will experience destructive impulses than they cannot overcome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	9	t456	figs-hendiadys	ἐπιθυμίας…ἀνοήτους καὶ βλαβεράς	1	foolish and harmful desires	Here Paul expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and.** The word **foolish** tells why these desires are **harmful**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “destructive impulses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1TI	6	9	t457	figs-metaphor	αἵτινες βυθίζουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους εἰς ὄλεθρον καὶ ἀπώλειαν	1	whatever plunges men into ruin and destruction	This phrase summarizes the character of the temptations and impulses that Paul has just described. He speaks of them figuratively as if they could make people drown in deep water. Alternate translation: “people cannot escape from such things and they destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	9	t458	figs-gendernotations	ἀνθρώπους	1	men	Paul uses the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	6	9	t459	figs-hendiadys	ὄλεθρον καὶ ἀπώλειαν 	1	ruin and destruction	Here Paul expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and.** Alternate translation: “complete destruction” or “total ruin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1TI	6	10	t460	grammar-connect-logic-result	γὰρ	1	For	Paul uses this word to introduce the reasons for what the previous sentence stated. Alternate translation: “This is because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1TI	6	10	t461	figs-metaphor	ῥίζα…πάντων τῶν κακῶν ἐστιν ἡ φιλαργυρία	1	a root of all evils is the love of money	Paul speaks figuratively of evil as if it were a plant and of the love of money as if it were the root from which that plant grew. Alternate translation: “loving money leads a person to do all kinds of wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	10	t462	figs-hyperbole	πάντων τῶν κακῶν	1	all evils	Paul uses the term **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “all kinds of wrong things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1TI	6	10	t463		ἧς τινες ὀρεγόμενοι	1	which, some desiring	The reference here is to people desiring money, not evil. You could start a new sentence here if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “People who want to become rich”
1TI	6	10	t464	figs-metaphor	ἀπεπλανήθησαν ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως	1	have been led away from the faith	Paul speaks figuratively of the desire for money as if it were an evil guide that intentionally leads people down the wrong path. Alternate translation: “have stopped believing in Jesus because of their desire for money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	10	t465	figs-activepassive	ἀπεπλανήθησαν ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως	1	have been led away from the faith	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “have stopped believing in Jesus because of their desire for money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	6	10	t466	figs-metaphor	ἑαυτοὺς περιέπειραν ὀδύναις πολλαῖς	1	have pierced themselves with many sorrows	Paul speaks about grief as if it were a sword that people use to stab themselves. Alternate translation: “have experienced great sorrows in their lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	11	t467	figs-gendernotations	ὦ ἄνθρωπε Θεοῦ	1	O man of God	Since Paul is speaking to Timothy personally, he is not necessarily using the term **man** in a generic sense that includes both men and women, but since Paul’s advice has been preserved in Scripture for everyone, it might be appropriate to use a general term. Alternate translation: “you servant of God” or “you person who belongs to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	6	11	t468	figs-metaphor	ταῦτα φεῦγε	1	flee these things	Paul speaks of these temptations and sins as if they were things a person could physically run away from. Alternate translation: “completely avoid these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	11	t469		ταῦτα	1	these things	This phrase could refer to what Paul has been talking about most recently, or about everything he has been talking about in this section of the letter. Alternate translations: (1) “the love of money” or (2) “false teachings, pride, arguments, and the love of money”
1TI	6	11	t470	figs-metaphor	δίωκε	1	pursue	Paul speaks of righteousness and other good qualities as if they were things that a person could run after and catch. This metaphor is the opposite of “flee from.” It means to try your best to obtain something. Alternate translation: “Seek to acquire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	12	t471	figs-metaphor	ἀγωνίζου τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα τῆς πίστεως	1	Fight the good fight of the faith	Here Paul speaks figuratively about a person persevering in following Jesus as if they were a warrior fighting a battle. Alternate translation: “Do your best to obey Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	12	t472	figs-metaphor	ἐπιλαβοῦ τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς	1	grasp eternal life	Paul speaks figuratively about people wanting eternal life so much that they hold onto it firmly in their hands. Alternate translation: “eagerly desire to live with God forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	12	t473	figs-activepassive	εἰς ἣν ἐκλήθης	1	to which you were called	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “to which God called you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	6	12	t474		ὡμολόγησας τὴν καλὴν ὁμολογίαν	1	you confessed the good confession	Alternate translation: “you expressed your faith in Jesus”
1TI	6	12	t475	figs-metaphor	ἐνώπιον πολλῶν μαρτύρων	1	before many witnesses	Paul uses the expression **before**, meaning “in front of,” to indicate “where they can see.” Seeing, in turn, figuratively means attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “while many people were watching and approving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	13	t476	figs-explicit	ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ, τοῦ ζῳοποιοῦντος τὰ πάντα	1	before God, the one enlivening all	The implication is that Paul is asking God to be his witness that he has given Timothy this command. Alternate translation: “with God, who causes all things to live, as my witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	6	13	t477	figs-explicit	καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	and Christ Jesus	The implication that Paul is also asking Jesus to be his witness. Alternate translation: “and with Christ Jesus…as my witness as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	6	13	t478	figs-explicit	τοῦ μαρτυρήσαντος ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πειλάτου τὴν καλὴν ὁμολογίαν	1	the one having testified the good confession before Pontius Pilate	Paul is offering Jesus to Timothy as an example of someone who publicly affirmed his obedience to God even when others were hostile and threatening. Paul has just reminded Timothy, in [6:12](../06/12.md), that he made a similar affirmation himself. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. Alternate translation: “who set a good example for all of us when he acknowledged God when Pontius Pilate put him on trial” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	6	14	t479	figs-doublet	ἄσπιλον ἀνεπίλημπτον	1	spotless, irreproachable	The terms **spotless** and **irreproachable** mean similar things thing. Paul uses them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could combine these terms. Alternate translation: “completely blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1TI	6	14	t480	figs-metaphor	ἄσπιλον	1	spotless	A **spot** figuratively means a moral fault. Possible meanings are (1) Jesus will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong or (2) other people will not find fault with Timothy or blame him for doing wrong. Alternate translation: “blameless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	14	t481		μέχρι τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	until the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ	Alternate translation: “until our Lord Jesus Christ comes again”
1TI	6	15	t482	figs-idiom	καιροῖς ἰδίοις	1	in its own times 	See how you translated this expression in [2:6](../01/32.md). Alternate translation: “at the time that God will choose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	6	15	t483	figs-explicit	ὁ μακάριος καὶ μόνος Δυνάστης	1	the blessed and only Sovereign	This expression refers implicitly to God. Alternate translation: “God, the One worthy of praise who alone rules over the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1TI	6	16	t484		ὁ μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν	1	the One having immortality alone	Alternate translation: “the only one who has always existed and always will exist”
1TI	6	16	t485	figs-nominaladj	ὁ μόνος ἔχων ἀθανασίαν	1	the One having immortality alone	Paul is using the participle **having**, which functions as adjective, as a noun, to refer to God as a member, though the only member, of a class that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the only one who has always existed and always will exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	6	16	t486		φῶς οἰκῶν ἀπρόσιτον	1	occupying unapproachable ligh	Alternate translation: “who lives in light so bright that no one can come near it”
1TI	6	16	t487	figs-gendernotations	οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων	1	none of men	Paul uses the term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. Alternate translation: “no human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1TI	6	17	t488	figs-nominaladj	τοῖς πλουσίοις	1	the rich	Paul is using this adjective as a noun, to refer to a class of people that it describes. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate it with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1TI	6	17	t489		ἐπὶ πλούτου ἀδηλότητι	1	in the uncertainty of riches	Alternate translation: “in riches, which are so uncertain” or “in wealth, which a person can lose so easily”
1TI	6	17	t490	figs-hyperbole	πάντα πλουσίως εἰς ἀπόλαυσιν	1	all things richly unto enjoyment	Paul uses the term **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. The reference here may include physical objects, but it more likely refers to qualities such as love, joy, and peace. Alternate translation: “everything we need to be truly happy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1TI	6	18	t491	figs-metaphor	πλουτεῖν ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς	1	to be rich in good works	Paul speaks figuratively of doing things to help others as this would make a person wealthy. Alternate translation: “serve and help others in many ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	19	t492	figs-metaphor	ἀποθησαυρίζοντας ἑαυτοῖς θεμέλιον καλὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον	1	storing up for themselves a good foundation for what is coming	Paul speaks figuratively about the blessings that God will give to those who have served him faithfully as if they were riches that a person was storing in a safe place. Alternate translation: “securing a good start now on their future life in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	19	t493	figs-metaphor	ἀποθησαυρίζοντας ἑαυτοῖς θεμέλιον καλὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον	1	storing up for themselves a good foundation for what is coming	Paul also speaks figuratively about the blessings that God will give as if they were the foundation of a building. He means that they will give a person a good start on their new life in the presence of God forever. Alternate translation: “securing a good start now on their future life in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	19	t494	figs-idiom	εἰς τὸ μέλλον	1	for what is coming	In the New Testament, this expression can refer to different things, but in this case it seems to refer to the new life that believers will have in God’s presence after death and the end of history. It is equivalent to the expression “the coming life” in [4:8](../04/08.md). Alternate translation: “their future life in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1TI	6	19	t495	figs-metaphor	ἵνα ἐπιλάβωνται τῆς ὄντως ζωῆς	1	so that they may grasp genuine life	Paul is using the same image as in the phrase **grasp eternal life** in [6:12](../06/12.md). He is speaking figuratively about people wanting eternal life so much that they hold onto it firmly in their hands. Alternate translation: “so that they can indeed live with God forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	20	t496	figs-activepassive	τὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον	1	guard the entrustment	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who did the action. Alternate translation: “faithfully proclaim the true message that Jesus has put in your care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	6	20	t497		ἐκτρεπόμενος τὰς βεβήλους κενοφωνίας	1	avoiding the godless chatter	Alternate translation: “Do not pay attention to the foolish talk”
1TI	6	20	t498		καὶ ἀντιθέσεις	1	and contradictions	This could mean that the false teachers are saying things that cannot all be true at the same time, or that they are saying things that are contrary to true Christian belief. Alternate translation: “and the opposing statements”
1TI	6	20	t499	figs-activepassive	τῆς ψευδωνύμου γνώσεως	1	of miscalled knowledge	If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who is doing the action. Alternate translation: “of what some people falsely call knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1TI	6	21	t500	figs-metaphor	τὴν πίστιν ἠστόχησαν	1	have missed the mark regarding the faith	See how you translated this expression in [1:6](../01/06.md). Paul speaks of faith in Christ as if it were a target that people should aim at. Alternate translation: “have not fulfilled the purpose of faith in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1TI	6	21	t501	figs-personification	ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν	1	Grace be with you	Paul speaks figuratively of grace as if it were something that could be actively present with the believers. Alternate translation: “May God give grace to all of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1TI	6	21	t502	figs-you	ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν	1	Grace be with you	The word **you** is plural and refers to the whole Christian community. “May God give grace to all of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])