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replace ... with ellipsis in EXO (#1703)
replace ... with ellipsis Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1703 Co-Authored-By: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org> Co-Committed-By: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org>
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en_tn_02-EXO.tsv
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en_tn_02-EXO.tsv
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@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ EXO front intro b4pp הָאָבְנָ֑יִם 1 # Introduction to Exodus<br
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EXO 1 intro cj55 וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ 0 # Exodus 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is intended to form a smooth transition with the last chapter of the book of Genesis.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s growth<br>Israel grew in number. This was in fulfillment of the covenant God made with Abraham. It also caused the Egyptians great concern that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians because they would be unable to defend themselves against such a large number of people. Pharaoh also tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### End of the famine<br>It is obvious that some time has passed since the beginning of the famine which brought the Israelites into Egypt. Yahweh appears to be punishing the Hebrews for not returning back to the Promised Land instead choosing to stay in Egypt. No return attempt is recorded to have been made. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “All of the descendants of Jacob were seventy in number”<br>This number included both Jacob’s children and grandchildren. It may cause confusion, but it is important to remember Jacob only had 12 sons.
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EXO 1 1 851f writing-background 1 Verses 1-7 are background information for the story. If your language has a way of structuring background information consider using it for these verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
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EXO 1 1 g89k figs-metonymy וּבֵית֖וֹ 1 household Here, **house** refers to all of the people who live together, usually a large family with servants. Alternate translation: “household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 1 1 fxbx figs-go הַבָּאִ֖ים... בָּֽאוּ 1 The words translated as **came in** could also be translated as “went in.” Use whichever form is most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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EXO 1 1 e65z translate-names יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל... יַעֲקֹ֔ב 1 **Jacob** and **Israel** are two names for the same man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EXO 1 1 fxbx figs-go הַבָּאִ֖ים… בָּֽאוּ 1 The words translated as **came in** could also be translated as “went in.” Use whichever form is most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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EXO 1 1 e65z translate-names יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל… יַעֲקֹ֔ב 1 **Jacob** and **Israel** are two names for the same man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EXO 1 5 fv84 translate-numbers שִׁבְעִ֣ים 1 seventy in number “70 in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 1 6 sh42 grammar-connect-time-sequential וַיָּ֤מָת 1 They all died after coming to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
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EXO 1 6 g5qg וְכָל־אֶחָ֔יו 1 all his brothers **all his brothers** includes 10 older brothers and 1 younger brother. If your language has different words for those, you can say, “his 10 older brothers, his younger brother”
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EXO 1 6 8g2k figs-possession אֶחָ֔יו 1 This an instance of the social relationship possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 1 7 9uwr figs-metonymy וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 This is the first of many times in this book that **sons of Israel** refers to the Israelite nation or people. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 1 7 2ccy figs-doublet פָּר֧וּ וַֽיִּשְׁרְצ֛וּ וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ 1 All of these verbs mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that the Israelite people became very numerous. If your language doesn’t have as many words that mean the same thing, you can use fewer words and express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “multiplied and became extremely numerous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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EXO 1 7 uo65 פָּר֧וּ... וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ... וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ 1 Compare your translation of **fruitful ... and multiplied.. and the land was filled** here to Genesis 1:28; 9:1, 7; and especially Genesis 35:11 where God renamed Jacob to Israel.
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EXO 1 7 uo65 פָּר֧וּ… וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ… וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ 1 Compare your translation of **fruitful … and multiplied.. and the land was filled** here to Genesis 1:28; 9:1, 7; and especially Genesis 35:11 where God renamed Jacob to Israel.
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EXO 1 7 nk2l figs-metaphor פָּר֧וּ 1 were fruitful The birth of children to the Israelites is spoken of as if they were plants that were producing fruit. Alternate translation: “had many children” or “gave birth to many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 1 7 r2f1 figs-activepassive וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֹתָֽם 1 the land was filled with them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They filled the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 1 7 3tcv figs-idiom בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד 1 Here, the same word is used twice to emphasize how many the Israelite people had become. If your language does not repeat words like this, express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “in a really big way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ EXO 1 9 t7s1 עַמּ֑וֹ 1 There is some ambiguity as to who exactly
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EXO 1 9 jik8 מִמֶּֽנּוּ 1 Use a way that is natural in your language to compare non-specific sizes of groups of people. Alternate translation: “more than we are”
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EXO 1 9 njuf figs-quotemarks הִנֵּ֗ה 1 Beginning from **“Behold** to the end of [verse 10](../01/10.md) is a direct quote of what the king said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 1 10 ni77 figs-quotemarks הָאָֽרֶץ 1 After this phrase, the direct quote of what the king said end. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an closing primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 1 10 hiq4 figs-inclusive נִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖ה... שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔ינוּ... בָּ֖נוּ 1 let us The word “us” is inclusive and refers to the king and his people, the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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EXO 1 10 hiq4 figs-inclusive נִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖ה… שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔ינוּ… בָּ֖נוּ 1 let us The word “us” is inclusive and refers to the king and his people, the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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EXO 1 10 8wvb grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical פֶּן־יִרְבֶּ֗ה וְהָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־תִקְרֶ֤אנָה מִלְחָמָה֙ 1 The king suggests a combination of two hypothetical events: 1. There are even more Israelites, 2. There is a battle. These are followed by a series of undesirable consequences: 3. The Israelites join an enemy, 4. The Israelites attack the Egyptians, 5. The Israelites leave Egypt. While the series of consequences is also technically hypothetical, the king’s language indicates that if 1-2 happen, then 3-5 are certain. Use language that makes it clear that the first two events are hypothetical, and that the next three are consequences if the first two happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
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EXO 1 10 jc1h וְעָלָ֥ה מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ 1 leave the land “and the Israelites leave Egypt”
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EXO 1 11 y2mi שָׂרֵ֣י 1 taskmasters Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work.
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@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ EXO 1 14 cuq7 translate-unknown בְּחֹ֨מֶר֙ 1 mortar This was
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EXO 1 14 h5dx translate-unknown וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים 1 A hardened rectangular block of mud, clay etc., used for building. (Source: Wiktionary) The clay or mud was hardened either in the sun or by heating them to higher temperatures in other ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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EXO 1 14 gzq7 אֵ֚ת כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃ 1 All their required work was hard “The Egyptians made them work very hard” or “The Egyptians forced them to work very hard” See how you translated this in [verse 13](../01/13.md)
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EXO 1 14 5nzx writing-participants וַיְמָרְר֨וּ…בָהֶ֖ם 1 These pronouns refer to the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 1 14 acj5 writing-participants חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם...עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם...עָבְד֥וּ 1 These pronouns refer to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 1 14 acj5 writing-participants חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם…עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם…עָבְד֥וּ 1 These pronouns refer to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 1 15 yoaj writing-newevent וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ 1 This sentence introduces a new event in the story. If your language marks this with particular discourse features apply them here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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EXO 1 15 hhw1 לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת 1 midwives These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby.
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EXO 1 15 h8f8 translate-names שִׁפְרָ֔ה...פּוּעָֽה 1 Shiphrah…Puah These are Hebrew women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EXO 1 15 h59t writing-participants שִׁפְרָ֔ה...פּוּעָֽה 1 The midwives are introduced here as new participants in the story. Use your language’s way to introduce new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 1 15 h8f8 translate-names שִׁפְרָ֔ה…פּוּעָֽה 1 Shiphrah…Puah These are Hebrew women’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EXO 1 15 h59t writing-participants שִׁפְרָ֔ה…פּוּעָֽה 1 The midwives are introduced here as new participants in the story. Use your language’s way to introduce new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 1 16 4wwz וַיֹּ֗אמֶר 1 “And the king said” In the UST this is combined with *spoke* from [verse 15](../01/15.md) because the verb for *say* is used twice before he speaks. In English and other languages this is often strange. If it would be unnatural to say that the king spoke or said twice you may leave one off.
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EXO 1 16 yovg figs-quotemarks בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָחָֽיָה 1 This is a direct quote of what the king said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with primary quotations mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 1 16 5lke figs-youdual בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙...וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן...וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן 1 These **you**s are plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addresses use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 1 16 5lke figs-youdual בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙…וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן…וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן 1 These **you**s are plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addresses use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 1 16 h3mb figs-metonymy עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם 1 on the birthstool Women sat on this short stool as they gave birth. Therefore, it is associated with birth. Alternate translation: “as they give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 1 16 nms7 grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָחָֽיָה 1 These two statements are hypothetical conditions (starting at **if**) with instructions for what the midwives should do in each situation (starting at **then**). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
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EXO 1 17 gy7k grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַתִּירֶ֤אןָ 1 Use a conjunction or other language structure that expresses contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ EXO 1 22 a6b2 figs-quotations כָּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗ו
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EXO 1 22 stag figs-youdual תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ…תְּחַיּֽוּן 1 The *you*s here refer to all the Egyptians. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 2 intro rwf3 0 # Exodus 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br><br>### Covenant<br>God begins to relate to the Israelites based on his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.<br><br><br>### Moses’ heritage<br>In the first part of this chapter, Pharaoh’s daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Identification of participants<br>- Moses is the only participant named in most of this chapter. This is because many of the participants play very minor roles and because this part of the story is focusing on Moses’ life.<br><br>### Ironic situations<br>- While Pharaoh tried to diminish the power of the Israelites by killing all of their baby boys, God used Pharaoh’s own daughter to save Moses.<br><br><br>- Moses believes he is meant to be the rescuer of his people, but they reject him. Ultimately, Moses was correct, but God had not yet sent him for that mission.
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EXO 2 1 wvj9 writing-newevent וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main event. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the narrative. If you have a way of doing this in your language, consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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EXO 2 1 riy7 writing-participants אִ֖ישׁ...בַּת 1 These are new participants. They remain unnamed until [Exodus 6:20](../06/20.md) where they are identified as Amram and Jochebed. For now it is best to leave them unnamed if possible in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 2 1 riy7 writing-participants אִ֖ישׁ…בַּת 1 These are new participants. They remain unnamed until [Exodus 6:20](../06/20.md) where they are identified as Amram and Jochebed. For now it is best to leave them unnamed if possible in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 2 1 40u9 figs-idiom וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־בַּת־לֵוִֽי 1 This is an idiom for marrying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 2 2 s49k ט֣וֹב 1 Alternative translations: “pleasing,” “fine,” or “healthy” (UST)
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EXO 2 2 q4c0 grammar-connect-logic-result וַתֵּ֤רֶא...וַֽתִּצְפְּנֵ֖הוּ 1 Hiding the boy was a result of seeing that he was good. Alternative translation: “Since she saw... she hid him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 2 2 q4c0 grammar-connect-logic-result וַתֵּ֤רֶא…וַֽתִּצְפְּנֵ֖הוּ 1 Hiding the boy was a result of seeing that he was good. Alternative translation: “Since she saw… she hid him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 2 2 00k4 translate-numbers שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה 1 3 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 2 3 t2gj translate-unknown תֵּ֣בַת גֹּ֔מֶא 1 papyrus basket This is a basket made from a tall grass that grows by the Nile River in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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EXO 2 3 tn3y figs-explicit וַתַּחְמְרָ֥ה בַחֵמָ֖ר וּבַזָּ֑פֶת 1 sealed it with bitumen and pitch You could explicitly state that this was to keep out water. Alternate translation: “spread tar on it to keep water from getting into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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@ -89,23 +89,23 @@ EXO 2 3 y8gq translate-unknown בַּסּ֖וּף 1 reeds These **reeds** wer
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EXO 2 4 av8b וַתֵּתַצַּ֥ב אֲחֹת֖וֹ מֵרָחֹ֑ק 1 at a distance This means she stood far enough away so that she would not be noticed, but close enough to see the ark. Use a word that expresses this sort of distance in your language.
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EXO 2 4 9m7y figs-abstractnouns מֵרָחֹ֑ק 1 This probably means somewhere in the reeds where she could see the basket but no one would see her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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EXO 2 4 4d7n figs-kinship אֲחֹת֖וֹ 1 In the UST “older” is supplied because her actions clearly show she is his older sister. In some languages a different term is used for siblings based on their relative ages and/or the gender of the siblings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]])
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EXO 2 4 z1cy grammar-connect-logic-goal לְדֵעָ֕ה מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה לֽוֹ 1 This is her purpose in being close by. Alternative translation: “in order to know...” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
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EXO 2 4 z1cy grammar-connect-logic-goal לְדֵעָ֕ה מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה לֽוֹ 1 This is her purpose in being close by. Alternative translation: “in order to know…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
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EXO 2 5 1vls figs-go וַתֵּ֤רֶד 1 **Came down** may be literal or figurative, important places are often considered to be in a higher place. This means she came from her home, probably Pharaoh’s palace. If a perspective is required for Pharaoh’s daughter, you may choose go or come as works best in your language. “Come” is better as the scene is at the river and she comes to the scene location. However, you also need to consider your language’s way of introducing new participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 2 5 3van writing-participants בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֙…וְנַעֲרֹתֶ֥יהָ 1 These women are introduced here as new participants, however they are not mentioned again after this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 2 5 im0d figs-metaphor עַל־יַ֣ד הַיְאֹ֑ר 1 *hand* is a metaphor for *side* which in this case can be translated as the *shore* or *bank* (UST) of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 2 5 bi7s וְנַעֲרֹתֶ֥יהָ 1 her attendants These were the young women whose job was to be with her and make sure nothing bad happened to her.
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EXO 2 5 am7g writing-participants וַתִּקָּחֶֽהָ 1 It is not clear who is meant by **she** here, it could either be Pharaoh’s daughter or the servant. It is likely that Pharaoh’s daughter stays the subject. Alternative translation: “she sent her slave woman to get it. She took the ark from her slave” or “she sent her slave woman to take the ark. 6 Pharaoh’s daughter opened...” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 2 5 am7g writing-participants וַתִּקָּחֶֽהָ 1 It is not clear who is meant by **she** here, it could either be Pharaoh’s daughter or the servant. It is likely that Pharaoh’s daughter stays the subject. Alternative translation: “she sent her slave woman to get it. She took the ark from her slave” or “she sent her slave woman to take the ark. 6 Pharaoh’s daughter opened…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 2 6 g9n6 figs-exclamations וְהִנֵּה 1 Behold The word **behold** signals the surprising information that follows. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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EXO 2 6 tyub grammar-connect-logic-result וַתַּחְמֹ֣ל עָלָ֔יו 1 The text does not state exactly what caused her to have compassion on the baby. If a reason must be provided in your language it should be connected to either his crying (this is the better option) or that he was a “good” baby [verse 2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 2 6 jg0d figs-quotemarks מִיַּלְדֵ֥י הָֽעִבְרִ֖ים זֶֽה 1 This is a direct quote. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with primary quotations mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. It seems to have been said loud enough for the baby’s sister to hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 2 7 3zvu figs-quotemarks וְקָרָ֤אתִי לָךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת וְתֵינִ֥ק לָ֖ךְ אֶת־הַיָּֽלֶד 1 This is a direct quote of the baby’s sister. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with primary quotations mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 2 7 x5ja וְקָרָ֤אתִי לָךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת 1 This is a suggestive question. The child’s sister is hopeful that Pharaoh’s daughter does not have a plan yet for the baby beyond saving his life. However, it is still a true question, without Pharaoh’s daughter’s permission the child’s sister will not be able to fetch the woman. If your language has a way of forming questions that are also suggestions use it here.
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EXO 2 7 psb2 figs-possession אֲחֹתוֹ֮…בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֒ 1 These are both possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 2 7 d7aj מֵינֶ֔קֶת...וְתֵינִ֥ק 1 nurse This means to feed with milk from the breast.
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EXO 2 7 d7aj מֵינֶ֔קֶת…וְתֵינִ֥ק 1 nurse This means to feed with milk from the breast.
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EXO 2 7 tqq9 grammar-connect-logic-goal וְתֵינִ֥ק לָ֖ךְ אֶת־הַיָּֽלֶד 1 This is the purpose of the sister’s proposal. Alternative translation: “In order that she could nurse the child for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
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EXO 2 8 ab1m figs-go לֵ֑כִי...וַתֵּ֨לֶךְ֙ 1 The girl goes away from Pharaoh’s daughter toward the child’s mother. She was almost certainly on foot. Use verbs of motion that express these. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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EXO 2 8 ab1m figs-go לֵ֑כִי…וַתֵּ֨לֶךְ֙ 1 The girl goes away from Pharaoh’s daughter toward the child’s mother. She was almost certainly on foot. Use verbs of motion that express these. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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EXO 2 8 2456 figs-quotemarks לֵ֑כִי 1 This is a direct quote. Pharaoh’s daughter commands the baby’s sister. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with primary quotations mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 2 8 lyyj figs-possession בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה...אֵ֥ם הַיָּֽלֶד 1 These are both possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 2 8 lyyj figs-possession בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה…אֵ֥ם הַיָּֽלֶד 1 These are both possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 2 9 lmko figs-possession בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֗ה 1 This is possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 2 9 u554 writing-participants לָ֣הּ 1 The child’s mother is reintroduced as a participant. Alternative translation: “to the baby’s mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 2 9 xp5x figs-quotemarks הֵילִ֜יכִי אֶת־הַיֶּ֤לֶד הַזֶּה֙ וְהֵינִקִ֣הוּ לִ֔י וַאֲנִ֖י אֶתֵּ֣ן אֶת־שְׂכָרֵ֑ךְ 1 This is a direct quote. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with primary quotations mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ EXO 2 16 v5yk figs-possession וּלְכֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ
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EXO 2 16 esdm translate-numbers שֶׁ֣בַע 1 7 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])<br><br><br><br>
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EXO 2 16 i2jh וַתִּדְלֶ֗נָה 1 drew water This means that they brought up water from a well.
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EXO 2 16 g1e6 translate-unknown הָ֣רְהָטִ֔ים 1 troughs This was a long, narrow, open container for animals to eat or drink out of (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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EXO 2 16 p3uo figs-possession צֹ֥אן אֲבִיהֶֽן 1 There are two possessives here: 1) *their father* is possessive of social relationship; 2) *the flock of ... father* is possessive of ownership. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])<br>
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EXO 2 16 p3uo figs-possession צֹ֥אן אֲבִיהֶֽן 1 There are two possessives here: 1) *their father* is possessive of social relationship; 2) *the flock of … father* is possessive of ownership. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])<br>
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EXO 2 17 k5yc figs-go וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ 1 A group of men came. They may not have been far away before coming and driving the women away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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EXO 2 17 zksv writing-participants הָרֹעִ֖ים 1 These are new, very brief participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 2 17 z17m grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַיָּ֤קָם 1 helped them Use an expression that communicates that what Moses did was unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ EXO 3 2 x5ci יְהֹוָ֥ה 1 Yahweh This is the name of God that he re
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EXO 3 2 d3tf grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַסְּנֶה֙ בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְהַסְּנֶ֖ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ אֻכָּֽל 1 behold The word “behold” here shows that Moses saw something that was very different from what he expected. He expected the bush to be burnt up completely by the fire. Consider using an interjection in your language that expresses that the next thing is a surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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EXO 3 2 3bvb figs-metonymy אֻכָּֽל 1 **consumed** means to eat completely until gone. In the case of fire, this is a metonym for burning completely until gone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 3 fpww figs-quotemarks אָסֻֽרָה־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה אֶת־הַמַּרְאֶ֥ה הַגָּדֹ֖ל הַזֶּ֑ה מַדּ֖וּעַ לֹא־יִבְעַ֥ר הַסְּנֶֽה 1 This is a direct quote. It’s not specified who Moses spoke to, he may have been alone, or with a group of shepherds, or his family. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with primary quotations mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 3 4 ue8v writing-participants יְהוָ֖ה... אֱלֹהִ֜ים 1 These terms both refer to the same being, God’s name is Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 3 4 ue8v writing-participants יְהוָ֖ה… אֱלֹהִ֜ים 1 These terms both refer to the same being, God’s name is Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 3 5 60ah figs-quotemarks אַל־תִּקְרַ֣ב הֲלֹ֑ם שַׁל־נְעָלֶ֨יךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔יךָ כִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔יו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּא 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with primary quotations mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 3 5 prv9 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔יו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּאכִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔יו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּא 1 set apart This is the reason Moses must stopping coming close to the burning bush and take off his sandals. Your language may need to put the reason before the commands as in, “The place on which you are standing, it is holy ground, so you must not come close to here. Take your sandals off from on your feet.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 3 6 sxk8 אָנֹכִי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב 1 the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob All of these men worshiped the same God. Alternate translation: “the God of your father, of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob”
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@ -199,15 +199,15 @@ EXO 3 6 l5sy אֱלֹהֵ֣י 1 your father Possible meanings are (1) “
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EXO 3 6 lfbb grammar-connect-logic-result וַיַּסְתֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנָ֔יו כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א מֵהַבִּ֖יט אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִֽים 1 Reason: **for he was afraid from staring toward God** Result: **And Moses hid his face* Some languages may need to put the reason before the result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]] and [Exodus 33:20](../33/20.md))
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EXO 3 7 nl33 figs-quotemarks וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה 1 After this phrase a direct quote begins that goes through the end of [verse 10](../03/10.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 3 7 xoz0 figs-idiom רָאֹ֥ה רָאִ֛יתִי 1 The repetition of **see** expresses the intensity, certainly, or clarity of Yahweh’s seeing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 3 7 tpk0 figs-possession אֶת־עֳנִ֥י עַמִּ֖י 1 There are two possessives here. 1) “affliction of ... people”: This is an event related possessive where the people are the objects of affliction. They are treated badly as slaves. 2) “my people”: this one is more difficult as it involves both ownership and social relationship possessive. God views his people as his possession and he is also in relationship with them as their God because they are descended from Abraham etc. - though at this time they may not know him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 3 7 tpk0 figs-possession אֶת־עֳנִ֥י עַמִּ֖י 1 There are two possessives here. 1) “affliction of … people”: This is an event related possessive where the people are the objects of affliction. They are treated badly as slaves. 2) “my people”: this one is more difficult as it involves both ownership and social relationship possessive. God views his people as his possession and he is also in relationship with them as their God because they are descended from Abraham etc. - though at this time they may not know him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 3 7 p3tx figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵ֣י נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו 1 **Faces** refer to the whole person, or the presence of the person(s) who were oppressing the Israelites. If this image is used in your language you may translate it, if a similar image is used you may consider using it, if neither is the case you may omit *face* and translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 7 xx7r נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו 1 taskmasters “his oppressors”
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EXO 3 7 ofxt כִּ֥י 1 The conjunction is probably functioning modally here, intensifying the expression of Yahweh’s knowledge. Your translation should express Yahweh’s knowing with certainty or strength.
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EXO 3 7 mfn2 figs-collectivenouns נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו...מַכְאֹבָֽיו 1 These pronouns refer to the Israelites as a group in the singular. This is a collective noun. Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronoun’s gender to the grammatical gender of the word for **people** in their language. Alternative translation: Change **him** to “them” or change **his** to “hers” or “its” (depending on grammatical gender of “people”.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 3 7 mfn2 figs-collectivenouns נֹֽגְשָׂ֔יו…מַכְאֹבָֽיו 1 These pronouns refer to the Israelites as a group in the singular. This is a collective noun. Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronoun’s gender to the grammatical gender of the word for **people** in their language. Alternative translation: Change **him** to “them” or change **his** to “hers” or “its” (depending on grammatical gender of “people”.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 3 7 hkcj figs-possession מַכְאֹבָֽיו 1 This is an event related possessive where the people (as a group: **his**) are the subjects of anguish. Your translation should express that they are in deep mental and emotional distress (anguish) (implied: because they are treated badly as slaves). (See: \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession\]\] and \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit\]\])
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EXO 3 8 9ia8 grammar-connect-logic-result וָאֵרֵ֞ד לְהַצִּיל֣וֹ׀ מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ֮ מִן־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִוא֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ טוֹבָה֙ וּרְחָבָ֔ה אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ אֶל־מְק֤וֹם הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַ֣חִתִּ֔י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ 1 Verse 8 contains God’s intended result from his acts of seeing and hearing expressed in both verses 7 and 9. You may need to expressly mark this, for instance by introducing verse 8 with something like “therefore,” and verse 9 with something like “again, because.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 3 8 xy36 figs-go וָאֵרֵ֞ד 1 God is figuratively expressing that he is descending from heaven to earth to intervene. God is always everywhere, but this means his special attention will be directed to this situation. Use whatever form of come or go is appropriate in your language for this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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EXO 3 8 nahb figs-collectivenouns לְהַצִּיל֣וֹ...וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ֮ 1 These pronouns refer to the Israelites as a group in the singular. This is a collective noun. Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronoun’s gender to the grammatical gender of the word for **people** in their language. See what you did in the [previous verse](../03/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 3 8 nahb figs-collectivenouns לְהַצִּיל֣וֹ…וּֽלְהַעֲלֹתוֹ֮ 1 These pronouns refer to the Israelites as a group in the singular. This is a collective noun. Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronoun’s gender to the grammatical gender of the word for **people** in their language. See what you did in the [previous verse](../03/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 3 8 8afv figs-metaphor מִיַּ֣ד 1 Someone’s **hand** is a common metaphor for power and control. Use a similar image if your language has one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 3 8 djbz figs-possession מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם 1 This is a possessive where the Egyptians are the subject of “the hand” which means power. The Egyptian’s use their power and control to oppress the Israelites. Use a phrase in your language that expresses the idea of a group of people having power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 3 8 mqyp figs-parallelism אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ טוֹבָה֙ וּרְחָבָ֔ה אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ 1 There are multiple levels of parallelism here. First, the statements, **to a good and wide land** and **to a land flowing with milk and honey** are in parallel with each other. Within each of those, **good** and **wide** are in parallel with each other and also **milk** and **honey** are in parallel with each other. Each of these levels is meant to reinforce and expand on one another. These are not examples of synonymous parallelism and each part of the statement should be translated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ EXO 3 13 vfsk figs-quotesinquotes מַה־שְּׁמ֔וֹ 1 This is a secon
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EXO 3 13 bkei grammar-connect-logic-result מָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵהֶֽם 1 Moses is asking God what he should do as a result of the hypothetical situation he presented. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 3 14 cli8 אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה 1 God said to Moses, “I AM THAT I AM.” This is God’s response to Moses’s question about God’s name. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God said to Moses, ‘Tell them that God says his name is, “I AM THAT I AM.”’”
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EXO 3 14 b6vk אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה 1 I AM THAT I AM Possible meanings are (1) this whole sentence is God’s name or (2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live.
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EXO 3 14 s62u אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה...אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה...אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה 1 I AM Languages that do not have an equivalent to the verb “am” may need to render this as “I LIVE” or “I EXIST.”
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EXO 3 14 s62u אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה…אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה…אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה 1 I AM Languages that do not have an equivalent to the verb “am” may need to render this as “I LIVE” or “I EXIST.”
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EXO 3 14 t745 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר 1 This is still God speaking. It may make more sense to omit this in some languages.
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EXO 3 14 70ge figs-quotesinquotes אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה שְׁלָחַ֥נִי אֲלֵיכֶֽם 1 This is a second layer quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with secondary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation inside a quotation. However, you may also choose to translate it as an indirect quotation as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
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EXO 3 15 897b וַיֹּאמֶר֩ ע֨וֹד אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה 1 As God is still speaking, it may make more sense to omit this in some languages.
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@ -258,27 +258,27 @@ EXO 3 17 za9l זָבַ֥ת 1 flowing with “full of” or “with an abundance
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EXO 3 17 rtr5 figs-metonymy חָלָ֖ב 1 milk Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 17 msf8 figs-metonymy וּדְבָֽשׁ 1 honey Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 18 cy2z figs-idiom וְשָׁמְע֖וּ 1 This term often means “hear and do/obey.” Alternative translation: “heed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 3 18 j24k writing-participants לְקֹלֶ֑ךָ...אַתָּה֩ 1 They will listen to you The word “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 3 18 j24k writing-participants לְקֹלֶ֑ךָ…אַתָּה֩ 1 They will listen to you The word “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 3 18 9na8 figs-synecdoche לְקֹלֶ֑ךָ 1 This means the elders will listen to the message Moses brings from God. Alternative translation: “to your message” or “to my message which you tell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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EXO 3 18 r74o figs-possession וְזִקְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל 1 This is a possessive of social relationship. Alternative translation: “elders in charge of the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 3 18 eep7 figs-collectivenouns יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל 1 This is a collective noun that refers to all the Israelites. Alternative translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 3 18 ot9r figs-metonymy מִצְרַ֗יִם 1 Here **Egypt** refers to the Egyptian nation. Alternate translation: “of the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 18 idp7 figs-youdual וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם 1 General Information: If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 18 i47o figs-inclusive עָלֵ֔ינוּ...נֵֽלֲכָה...וְנִזְבְּחָ֖ה 1 These instances of **us** are exclusive, they include Moses, the elders, and all the Israelites, but exclude the king of Egypt. If your language makes this distinction verify that you used the correct form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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EXO 3 18 i47o figs-inclusive עָלֵ֔ינוּ…נֵֽלֲכָה…וְנִזְבְּחָ֖ה 1 These instances of **us** are exclusive, they include Moses, the elders, and all the Israelites, but exclude the king of Egypt. If your language makes this distinction verify that you used the correct form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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EXO 3 18 4eal translate-numbers שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת 1 “3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 3 19 qf46 figs-metonymy וְלֹ֖א בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה 1 unless his hand is forced This can be stated in active form. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are (1) “only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else,” where the “hand” belongs to Pharaoh; where the “hand” belongs to Yahweh, (2) “only if I force him to let you go” or (3) “not even if I force him to let you go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 3 20 nuzx grammar-connect-logic-result וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֤י 1 God says this will be a result of the king of Egypt’s stubbornness. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will send out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 3 20 yds5 figs-metonymy וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֤י אֶת־יָדִי֙ 1 I will reach out with my hand and attack Here **hand** refers to God’s power. Alternate translation: “I will powerfully attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 20 dzsp figs-metonymy מִצְרַ֔יִם 1 This refers to both the land and the people group, then by extension to Pharaoh as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 20 c9a3 מִצְרַ֔יִם...בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ 1 Here **him** refers to Egypt as a collective.
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EXO 3 20 c9a3 מִצְרַ֔יִם…בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ 1 Here **him** refers to Egypt as a collective.
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EXO 3 20 6dw3 grammar-connect-time-sequential וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן 1 Here the sequential nature of these happenings is emphasized. Consider using a stronger sequential connective term than usual here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
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EXO 3 20 ay53 writing-participants יְשַׁלַּ֥ח 1 **he** refers to the king of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 3 20 awxs figs-youdual אֶתְכֶֽם 1 This refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 3 21 btwc figs-idiom חֵ֥ן...בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 This means that when the Egyptians see the Israelites (Hebrews) leaving Egypt, they will gladly help them (because they want them to leave so badly due to God's judgement.) **in the eyes of the Egyptians** is an idiom for the Egyptian’s feelings. If your language has the same or a similar idiom you can translate or use it, otherwise you can translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 3 21 btwc figs-idiom חֵ֥ן…בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 This means that when the Egyptians see the Israelites (Hebrews) leaving Egypt, they will gladly help them (because they want them to leave so badly due to God's judgement.) **in the eyes of the Egyptians** is an idiom for the Egyptian’s feelings. If your language has the same or a similar idiom you can translate or use it, otherwise you can translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 3 21 82wf figs-possession בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 This is part-whole possessive, also possibly inalienable possessive if your language uses a different form of possessive for things you cannot lose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 3 21 s45u הָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה 1 “you”
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EXO 3 21 uz3c figs-youdual תֵֽלֵכ֔וּן...תֵלְכ֖וּ 1 If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 21 19sl figs-go תֵֽלֵכ֔וּן...תֵלְכ֖וּ 1 “leave” or “go out” or “come out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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EXO 3 21 uz3c figs-youdual תֵֽלֵכ֔וּן…תֵלְכ֖וּ 1 If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 21 19sl figs-go תֵֽלֵכ֔וּן…תֵלְכ֖וּ 1 “leave” or “go out” or “come out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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EXO 3 21 89u7 figs-doublenegatives לֹ֥א …רֵיקָֽם 1 The double negative, **not… emptily** is used to mean “full.” Alternate translation: “[go] with many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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EXO 3 21 kt7b figs-litotes לֹ֥א תֵלְכ֖וּ רֵיקָֽם 1 will not go empty-handed This phrase is used to emphasize the opposite meaning. Alternate translation: “will go with your hands full of good things” or “will go with many valuable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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EXO 3 22 w2av וּמִגָּרַ֣ת בֵּיתָ֔הּ 1 any women staying in her neighbors’ houses **Sojourning** means living somewhere other than one’s native land, usually temporarily. It is unclear both who the sojourning (visiting) women are and in whose house they are sojourning, leaving several possibilities. Most translations that make a decision about who they are identify both the temporary resident and her host home as Egyptian. This makes sense as the Israelites will be plundering the Egyptians. If it is possible to leave this ambiguous in your translation, that is best.
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@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ EXO 4 1 j4yg וַיַּ֤עַן מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר 1 if
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EXO 4 1 b3xv figs-quotemarks וְהֵן֙ לֹֽא־יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ לִ֔י וְלֹ֥א יִשְׁמְע֖וּ בְּקֹלִ֑י כִּ֣י יֹֽאמְר֔וּ לֹֽא־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖יךָ יְהוָֽה 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 1 neto figs-quotesinquotes לֹֽא־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖יךָ יְהוָֽה 1 This is a second layer quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with secondary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. However, you could translate it as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh has not appeared to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
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EXO 4 1 327j וְהֵן֙ 1 This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like, “Listen to me.”
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EXO 4 2 87dl writing-participants אֵלָ֛יו...וַיֹּ֖אמֶר 1 “Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])<br>
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EXO 4 2 87dl writing-participants אֵלָ֛יו…וַיֹּ֖אמֶר 1 “Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])<br>
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EXO 4 2 r3f9 figs-quotemarks מזה בְיָדֶ֑ךָ 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 2 p8sg figs-quotemarks מַטֶּֽה 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])<br><br><br>
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EXO 4 3 jgir figs-quotemarks הַשְׁלִיכֵ֣הוּ אַ֔רְצָה 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ EXO 4 4 bzmp grammar-connect-time-sequential שְׁלַח֙ יָֽדְךָ֔
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EXO 4 4 m86n וַיְהִ֥י לְמַטֶּ֖ה 1 became a staff “turned into a rod” or “changed into a staff”
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EXO 4 5 l4tn figs-quotemarks לְמַ֣עַן יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֛יךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב 1 This continues the direct quotation from the first part of [verse 4](../04/04.md). It may be more natural to reorganize verses four and five to keep the quote together. If you rearrange like this, Moses picking up the snake/staff should come after the full quotation. However it is better to do something similar to the UST which restates that Yahweh is speaking and provides some implied directives from Yahweh to make a complete sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 5 m4fk figs-ellipsis לְמַ֣עַן יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֛יךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב 1 This quote is not a complete sentence, the UST provides a clarification. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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EXO 4 5 9iok writing-participants יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ...אֲבֹתָ֑ם 1 These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. As God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders, if you make this participant explicit elders is a better option. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 5 9iok writing-participants יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ…אֲבֹתָ֑ם 1 These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. As God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders, if you make this participant explicit elders is a better option. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 5 oqi5 writing-participants אֵלֶ֛יךָ 1 This refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 5 jr8m אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵאלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב 1 the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of their ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.
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EXO 4 6 0hre figs-quotemarks הָֽבֵא־נָ֤א יָֽדְךָ֙ בְּחֵיקֶ֔ךָ 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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@ -309,10 +309,10 @@ EXO 4 6 pw7g figs-simile כַּשָּֽׁלֶג 1 as white as snow The word *
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EXO 4 7 kv9r figs-quotemarks הָשֵׁ֤ב יָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־חֵיקֶ֔ךָ 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 7 prr9 figs-exclamations וְהִנֵּה 1 This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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EXO 4 8 q9qb figs-exclamations וְהָיָה֙ 1 Yahweh’s speech resumes here and continues through the end of [verse 9](../04/09.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 8 well figs-personification לְקֹ֖ל הָאֹ֣ת...לְקֹ֖ל הָאֹ֥ת 1 Here the signs are spoken of as if they had a voice with which they could speak. Alternative translation: “if they do not believe you, and they are not convinced that God has appeared to you by you showing them the first sign, then they will be convinced by you showing them the second sign.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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EXO 4 8 gxlg writing-participants יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ...יִשְׁמְע֔וּ...וְהֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ 1 These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. As God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders, if you make this participant explicit elders is a better option, but be sure to do the same as you did in [verse 7](../04/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 8 lsb3 יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ...וְהֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ 1 pay attention “acknowledge” or “accept”
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EXO 4 9 q82r writing-participants יַאֲמִ֡ינוּ...יִשְׁמְעוּן֙ 1 These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. As God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders, if you make this participant explicit elders is a better option, but be sure to do the same as you did in [verse 7](../04/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 8 well figs-personification לְקֹ֖ל הָאֹ֣ת…לְקֹ֖ל הָאֹ֥ת 1 Here the signs are spoken of as if they had a voice with which they could speak. Alternative translation: “if they do not believe you, and they are not convinced that God has appeared to you by you showing them the first sign, then they will be convinced by you showing them the second sign.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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EXO 4 8 gxlg writing-participants יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ…יִשְׁמְע֔וּ…וְהֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ 1 These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. As God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders, if you make this participant explicit elders is a better option, but be sure to do the same as you did in [verse 7](../04/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 8 lsb3 יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ…וְהֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ 1 pay attention “acknowledge” or “accept”
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EXO 4 9 q82r writing-participants יַאֲמִ֡ינוּ…יִשְׁמְעוּן֙ 1 These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. As God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders, if you make this participant explicit elders is a better option, but be sure to do the same as you did in [verse 7](../04/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 9 2hna figs-quotemarks וְהָי֥וּ לְדָ֖ם בַּיַּבָּֽשֶׁת 1 After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh’s speech from the previous verse ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 10 aazp figs-quotemarks בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָי֒ לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים אָנֹ֗כִי גַּ֤ם מִתְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִשִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּ֛ם מֵאָ֥ז דַּבֶּרְךָ אֶל־עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֧י כְבַד־פֶּ֛ה וּכְבַ֥ד לָשׁ֖וֹן אָנֹֽכִי 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 10 t8i9 בִּ֣י 1 This word is used by a speaker to beg a superior to allow him to speak.
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@ -343,8 +343,8 @@ EXO 4 14 ettp figs-go יֹצֵ֣א 1 Yahweh says Aaron is coming from Egypt to
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EXO 4 14 8kn8 grammar-connect-logic-result וְשָׂמַ֥ח 1 Aaron will be glad *because* he sees Moses. Consider a conjunction or other form that expresses result as in the UST or alternative translation: “because he sees you, he will have joy in his heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 4 14 ew4h figs-metonymy בְּלִבּֽוֹ 1 he will be glad in his heart Here, **heart** refers to inner thoughts and emotions. If heart is not a body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s thoughts and emotions, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 15 u97f figs-metaphor הַדְּבָרִ֖ים 1 put the words to say into his mouth Words here are spoken of as if they were something that can be physically placed in a person’s mouth. Alternate translation: “give him the message that he is to repeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 4 15 q9cf figs-metonymy פִּ֨יךָ֙...פִּ֔יהוּ 1 I will be with your mouth The word **mouth** here represents Moses and Aaron’s choice of words. Alternate translation: “I will give you the right words to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 15 v57x figs-youdual אֶתְכֶ֔ם...תַּעֲשֽׂוּן 1 with his mouth These refer to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual if you have one or if not use a plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 4 15 q9cf figs-metonymy פִּ֨יךָ֙…פִּ֔יהוּ 1 I will be with your mouth The word **mouth** here represents Moses and Aaron’s choice of words. Alternate translation: “I will give you the right words to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 15 v57x figs-youdual אֶתְכֶ֔ם…תַּעֲשֽׂוּן 1 with his mouth These refer to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual if you have one or if not use a plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 4 16 mnsp figs-simile לְפֶ֔ה 1 This phrase compares Aaron to a mouth because he will be the one actually to vocalize to the Israelites and Pharaoh what Moses tells him. Alternate translation: “He will say what you tell him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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EXO 4 16 gn5v figs-simile תִּֽהְיֶה־לּ֥וֹ לֵֽאלֹהִֽים 1 you will be to him like me, God The word “like” here means Moses would represent the same authority to Aaron as God did to Moses. Alternate translation: “you will speak to Aaron with the same authority with which I spoke to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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EXO 4 17 0h45 figs-quotemarks תַּעֲשֶׂה־בּ֖וֹ אֶת־הָאֹתֹֽת 1 After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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@ -380,14 +380,14 @@ EXO 4 22 1od0 figs-metaphor בְּנִ֥י בְכֹרִ֖י יִשְׂרָ
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EXO 4 22 pt4n figs-collectivenouns יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Israel is my son The word **Israel** here represents all the people of Israel as a group. It is important to keep the singular reference to Israel as son, rather than change it to something like, ‘the Israelites are my children,’ because God is making a particular contrast here between his son and Pharaoh’s son. Some languages may not be able to use **Israel** as a collective noun and may need to choose a translation like, “the nation of Israel” or “the Israelite nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 4 22 8oc8 figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 The Israelite nation is often referred to simply by the name of the patriarch. For alternative translation see: [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/22/pt4n]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 23 syar figs-quotemarks שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִי֙ וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי 1 This is a fourth layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layers. (If you chose to translate, “Thus says Yahweh,” as an indirect quote this will be a third layer quotation.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])<br>
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EXO 4 23 0pc4 figs-quotations שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִי֙ וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי 1 The fourth layer quotation here may be a good one to translate as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “...I told you to let my son go that he may serve me. But...” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 4 23 0pc4 figs-quotations שַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִי֙ וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי 1 The fourth layer quotation here may be a good one to translate as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “…I told you to let my son go that he may serve me. But…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 4 23 k7mh figs-metaphor בְּנִי֙ 1 you have refused to let him go Yahweh continues to metaphorically speak of Israel as **my son.** See what you did at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/22/1od0]]. Alternative translation: “the Israelite nation which is like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 4 23 u825 figs-pronouns וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי...לְשַׁלְּח֑וֹ 1 The pronouns **he** and **him** agree with **son.** What you use may depend on how you translated son at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/23/k7mh]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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EXO 4 23 u825 figs-pronouns וְיַֽעַבְדֵ֔נִי…לְשַׁלְּח֑וֹ 1 The pronouns **he** and **him** agree with **son.** What you use may depend on how you translated son at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/23/k7mh]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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EXO 4 23 2g32 הִנֵּה֙ 1 This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternative translation: “Know this”
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EXO 4 23 re11 בִּנְךָ֖ 1 I will certainly kill your son, your firstborn This refers to the actual son of Pharaoh.
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EXO 4 23 ubcw figs-quotemarks בִּנְךָ֖ בְּכֹרֶֽךָ 1 After this phrase, the three layers of direct quotations end bringing a complete close to all quotations that started in verses [21](../04/21.md) & [22](../04/22.md). If you are using direct quotations, at the end of this verse you should have three closing markers, tertiary, secondary & primary. In English, it looks like **” ’ ”** (without spaces). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 24 sp6h writing-newevent וַיְהִ֥י 1 Yahweh met Moses and tried to kill him This introduces a new event. Mark the transition in a natural way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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EXO 4 24 p820 writing-participants וַיִּפְגְּשֵׁ֣הוּ...הֲמִיתֽוֹ 1 Here, it is not clear who **him** refers to. Most commentators believe it refers to Moses, but it could refer to the son, though that is less likely. If it is necessary to choose for your translation, use Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 24 p820 writing-participants וַיִּפְגְּשֵׁ֣הוּ…הֲמִיתֽוֹ 1 Here, it is not clear who **him** refers to. Most commentators believe it refers to Moses, but it could refer to the son, though that is less likely. If it is necessary to choose for your translation, use Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 24 3xy0 writing-participants הֲמִיתֽוֹ 1 Here, **he** refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 25 m1la translate-names צִפֹּרָ֜ה 1 Zipporah This is the name of Moses’s wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EXO 4 25 sftg writing-participants צִפֹּרָ֜ה 1 Zipporah is introduced here as a new participant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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@ -406,13 +406,13 @@ EXO 4 27 qxpc writing-participants אַהֲרֹ֔ן 1 **Aaron** is introduced a
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EXO 4 27 221t figs-quotemarks לֵ֛ךְ לִקְרַ֥את מֹשֶׁ֖ה הַמִּדְבָּ֑רָה 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 27 wy4n figs-possession בְּהַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים 1 at the mountain of God See how you translated this in [3:1](../03/01.md), consult this this note: [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/03/01/p27s]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 4 27 tfn2 translate-symaction וַיִּשַּׁק 1 This was a traditional way of greeting which showed love. You can make this explicit as the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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EXO 4 28 ad9x שְׁלָח֑וֹ...צִוָּֽהוּ 1 These are a bit awkward to translate in English, so the UST adds more information. Other languages may not have the same difficulty.
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EXO 4 28 b429 writing-participants שְׁלָח֑וֹ...צִוָּֽהוּ 1 he had sent him to say The words **he** refers to Yahweh, and **him** refers to Moses. Alternative translation: “Yahweh sent Moses...Yahweh commanded Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 28 ad9x שְׁלָח֑וֹ…צִוָּֽהוּ 1 These are a bit awkward to translate in English, so the UST adds more information. Other languages may not have the same difficulty.
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EXO 4 28 b429 writing-participants שְׁלָח֑וֹ…צִוָּֽהוּ 1 he had sent him to say The words **he** refers to Yahweh, and **him** refers to Moses. Alternative translation: “Yahweh sent Moses…Yahweh commanded Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 29 y8o3 writing-newevent וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ 1 This begins a new event which you may need to mark in your translation with a transitional word like the UST’s *When.* (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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EXO 4 30 bm2x figs-metonymy לְעֵינֵ֥י הָעָֽם 1 in the sight of the people This means he did the signs so they could see them. Alternative translation: “in their sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 30 x1v3 writing-participants הָעָֽם 1 Context suggests that **people** refers to the leaders gathered in [4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 31 8n78 writing-participants הָעָ֑ם 1 Context suggests that **people** refers to the leaders gathered in [4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 4 31 q1er פָקַ֨ד...בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 had observed the Israelites “saw the Israelites” or “was concerned about the Israelites”
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EXO 4 31 q1er פָקַ֨ד…בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 had observed the Israelites “saw the Israelites” or “was concerned about the Israelites”
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EXO 4 31 g83a translate-symaction וַֽיִּקְּד֖וּ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ 1 they bowed their heads Alternative translations: “they bowed their heads in awe” or “they bowed down low in reverence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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EXO 5 intro kea2 0 # Exodus 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### A slave’s work<br>The Egyptians were known for making their slaves do a lot of work. They were forced to make a specific number of bricks every day. In this chapter, the were required to not only make these bricks, but also to gather the straw in order to make these bricks.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Let my people go”<br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.<br><br>### Titles<br>The leaders are given different titles in this chapter. The ULT uses “taskmasters” and “foremen.” Many cultures will not have these types of titles. Generic expressions like “Egyptian leaders” and “Hebrew leaders” may be necessary.
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EXO 5 1 q0zv writing-newevent וְאַחַ֗ר בָּ֚אוּ מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה 1 This time phrase marks a transition in the narrative. Alternative translation: “After that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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@ -426,13 +426,13 @@ EXO 5 1 u2vt וְיָחֹ֥גּוּ 1 festival for me This is a celebration
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EXO 5 2 v4c1 grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַיֹּ֣אמֶר 1 Why should I…let Israel go? The result here is exactly as God has said; therefore, a contrastive transition word is reasonable but not required given the immediate human context. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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EXO 5 2 fq6i figs-quotemarks מִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶשְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹל֔וֹ לְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לֹ֤א יָדַ֨עְתִּי֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה וְגַ֥ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֹ֥א אֲשַׁלֵּֽחַ 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 2 lqwt מִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶשְׁמַ֣ע בְּקֹל֔וֹ לְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל 1 This is not a rhetorical question, though Pharaoh may have spoken with contempt. Pharaoh would have considered himself a god, the Egyptians had several gods, and most people groups were assumed to have their own gods. Therefore, Pharaoh had genuinely not heard of Yahweh (who has just told his name to Moses).
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EXO 5 2 wpff figs-collectivenouns יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל...יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 Here the nation is spoken of as an individual. Alternative translation: “nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 5 2 wpff figs-collectivenouns יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל…יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל 1 Here the nation is spoken of as an individual. Alternative translation: “nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 5 2 c653 figs-metonymy בְּקֹל֔וֹ 1 listen to his voice This represent the words God spoke. Alternate translation: “listen to what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 5 2 6xjp וְגַ֥ם 1 This functions to strengthen Pharaoh’s statement about his decision. Alternative translation: “and most definitely”
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EXO 5 3 08ny writing-participants וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ 1 It may not make sense in all languages for multiple people to speak. Since Aaron was appointed as Moses’s spokesman, consider the alternative translation: “Aaron replied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 5 3 3li7 figs-quotemarks אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָעִבְרִ֖ים נִקְרָ֣א עָלֵ֑ינוּ נֵ֣לֲכָה נָּ֡א דֶּרֶךְ֩ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת יָמִ֜ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר וְנִזְבְּחָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ פֶּ֨ן־יִפְגָּעֵ֔נוּ בַּדֶּ֖בֶר א֥וֹ בֶחָֽרֶב 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 3 y9ip אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָעִבְרִ֖ים 1 God of the Hebrews This is a term also used for the Israelites’ God or Yahweh.
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EXO 5 3 kclj figs-inclusive עָלֵ֑ינוּ נֵ֣לֲכָה...וְנִזְבְּחָה֙...יִפְגָּעֵ֔נוּ 1 Here, **us** (or *we* in UST) refers to the Hebrew people (the Israelites). It exclude Pharaoh and his people. Some languages may need to consider whether to use an inclusive or exclusive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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EXO 5 3 kclj figs-inclusive עָלֵ֑ינוּ נֵ֣לֲכָה…וְנִזְבְּחָה֙…יִפְגָּעֵ֔נוּ 1 Here, **us** (or *we* in UST) refers to the Hebrew people (the Israelites). It exclude Pharaoh and his people. Some languages may need to consider whether to use an inclusive or exclusive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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EXO 5 3 gfs5 figs-metonymy בֶחָֽרֶב 1 or with the sword Here “sword” represents war or an attack by enemies. Alternate translation: “or cause our enemies to attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 5 4 cb7w figs-quotemarks לָ֚מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִמַּֽעֲשָׂ֑יו לְכ֖וּ לְסִבְלֹתֵיכֶֽם 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 4 kl1i figs-rquestion לָ֚מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִמַּֽעֲשָׂ֑יו 1 why are you taking the people from their work? Pharaoh uses this question to express his anger towards Moses and Aaron for taking the Israelites away from their work. Alternate translation: “stop distracting the people from doing their work!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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@ -460,9 +460,9 @@ EXO 5 10 mkom figs-quotesinquotes אֵינֶ֛נִּי 1 This is a the begin
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EXO 5 10 7zfp grammar-connect-logic-contrast אֵינֶ֛נִּי נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן 1 The structure of this phrase and the one that opens [the next verse](../05/11.md) create a strong contrast between what **I** (Pharaoh) and **you** (you all, the Israelites) will do. Translate this in a way that emphasizes the contrast between **I* and **you** if possible. Alternative translation: “It is not I who will give you straw.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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EXO 5 10 si2e figs-metonymy אֵינֶ֛נִּי 1 Pharaoh does not physically give the Israelites straw. Rather he had commanded his servants take straw that belongs to Pharaoh and give it to the Israelites. Now he told them to stop. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 5 10 gb4d figs-youdual לָכֶ֖ם 1 I will no longer give you This is plural and refers to the Israelite people. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 11 ewg6 grammar-connect-logic-contrast אַתֶּ֗ם לְכ֨וּ קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ תֶּ֔בֶן מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֑אוּ 1 The structure of this phrase serves as the opposing side of the contrast Pharaoh sets up in the last phrase. By explicitly using a pronoun with a command he is emphasizing who will go get straw. Translate this in a way that emphasizes the contrast between **I* and **you** if possible. See [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/10/7zfp]] for more info. Alternative translation: “Rather, it is you yourselves who must go get straw...” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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EXO 5 11 ewg6 grammar-connect-logic-contrast אַתֶּ֗ם לְכ֨וּ קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ תֶּ֔בֶן מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֑אוּ 1 The structure of this phrase serves as the opposing side of the contrast Pharaoh sets up in the last phrase. By explicitly using a pronoun with a command he is emphasizing who will go get straw. Translate this in a way that emphasizes the contrast between **I* and **you** if possible. See [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/10/7zfp]] for more info. Alternative translation: “Rather, it is you yourselves who must go get straw…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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EXO 5 11 xe4i figs-youdual אַתֶּ֗ם 1 you can find…your workload This is plural and refers to the Israelite people. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 11 w918 figs-rpronouns אַתֶּ֗ם...לָכֶם֙ 1 You yourselves must go The repetition of **you** emphasizes that the Egyptians will no longer help them. Alternative translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
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EXO 5 11 w918 figs-rpronouns אַתֶּ֗ם…לָכֶם֙ 1 You yourselves must go The repetition of **you** emphasizes that the Egyptians will no longer help them. Alternative translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
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EXO 5 11 g5vb figs-doublenegatives כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר 1 your workload will not be reduced This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must continue to make the same number of bricks as before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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EXO 5 11 ucrc figs-quotemarks כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר 1 After this phrase (at the end of the verse), the direct quotes end. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing primary (and secondary if you made both layers direct quotes) quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 12 s9dk figs-hyperbole בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 throughout all the land of Egypt This is an generalization used to show the extra effort Israel made to meet Pharaoh’s demands. Alternate translation: “to many places throughout Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
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@ -484,24 +484,24 @@ EXO 5 15 thlj figs-go וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ 1 You will need to decide if go
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EXO 5 15 en1t figs-quotemarks לָ֧מָּה 1 This begins a direct quote that continues to the end of the [next verse](../05/16.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 15 m2nz figs-123person לַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ 1 The officers refer to themselves in the third person as a way of showing humility. It is also possible that the servants they mean includes all the Israelites. Either option is valid if your language must state who is meant by **your servants**. Alternative translation: “us”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
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EXO 5 16 yeql figs-activepassive תֶּ֗בֶן אֵ֤ין נִתָּן֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ 1 The text does not specify who is not giving them straw. From context, the taskmasters and by implication Pharaoh himself is the one not doing this. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters or Pharaoh the subject. Alternative translation: “You are not giving your servants any straw.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 5 16 qp5j figs-123person לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ...עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ 1 The officers refer to themselves in the third person as a way of showing humility. It is also possible that the servants they mean includes all the Israelites. Either option is valid if your language must state who is meant by **your servants**. Alternative translation: “us”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
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EXO 5 16 qp5j figs-123person לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ…עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ 1 The officers refer to themselves in the third person as a way of showing humility. It is also possible that the servants they mean includes all the Israelites. Either option is valid if your language must state who is meant by **your servants**. Alternative translation: “us”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
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EXO 5 16 hsa6 writing-participants אֹמְרִ֥ים 1 they are still telling us, ‘Make bricks!’ This refers to the Egyptian taskmasters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 5 16 3xl3 figs-quotemarks וּלְבֵנִ֛ים…עֲשׂ֑וּ 1 This is a second layer direct quotation (excluding the **And**). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with secondary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 16 m0go וְהִנֵּ֧ה 1 This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows.
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EXO 5 16 xrly figs-activepassive עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ מֻכִּ֖ים 1 The text does not specify who beat the officers. It was probably either the taskmasters or someone the taskmasters ordered to beat the officers. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters the subject. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 5 16 ff2k figs-euphemism וְחָטָ֥את עַמֶּֽךָ 1 The Israelites are indirectly accusing Pharaoh of doing wrong. Consider polite or indirect ways of making accusations in your culture to translate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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EXO 5 16 l7sn וְחָטָ֥את 1 “wrong-doing”
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EXO 5 17 2vso figs-youdual אַתֶּ֖ם...אַתֶּ֣ם 1 These are plural. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 17 2vso figs-youdual אַתֶּ֖ם…אַתֶּ֣ם 1 These are plural. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 17 5t4m figs-exclamations נִרְפִּ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם נִרְפִּ֑ים 1 Pharaoh repeats himself for emphasis. In your translation, make sure the idea of laziness or idleness is repeated or strengthened in a way that is natural. Alternative translation: “You are extremely lazy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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EXO 5 17 a8o2 figs-quotemarks נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לַֽיהוָֽה 1 Here, the king is quoting another person’s speech. This is a second layer quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with secondary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 18 68ax figs-activepassive וְתֶ֖בֶן לֹא־יִנָּתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם 1 You can translate this in active voice if needed. Subject could be *I* (as in Pharaoh) or *we* (as in, the Egyptians or Pharaoh and his taskmasters) or *my people,* etc, see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 5 18 z6wt figs-youdual לָכֶ֑ם...תִּתֵּֽנּוּ 1 This means all the Israelites or the officers as representatives of all the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 18 z6wt figs-youdual לָכֶ֑ם…תִּתֵּֽנּוּ 1 This means all the Israelites or the officers as representatives of all the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 19 x6pp grammar-connect-logic-result וַיִּרְא֞וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵ֧י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֹתָ֖ם בְּרָ֣ע לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִלִּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ 1 You may need to reorder the events in this verse in your language to put the reason before the result. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 5 19 i3ot figs-quotemarks לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִלִּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ 1 This is a direct quotation of what Pharaoh said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation of another person’s speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 19 l9d2 figs-rpronouns אֹתָ֖ם 1 when they were told The officers as both the subject and object because they are thinking about their own situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
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EXO 5 19 603u וַיִּרְא֞וּ...אֹתָ֖ם בְּרָ֣ע לֵאמֹ֑ר 1 “knew that they were in trouble because the king said” or “perceived themselves in danger because the king said”
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EXO 5 19 603u וַיִּרְא֞וּ…אֹתָ֖ם בְּרָ֣ע לֵאמֹ֑ר 1 “knew that they were in trouble because the king said” or “perceived themselves in danger because the king said”
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EXO 5 20 ve3z writing-newevent וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙ 1 palace A new scene begins here, which may need to be marked in a certain way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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EXO 5 20 60cj writing-participants וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙...לִקְרָאתָ֑ם בְּצֵאתָ֖ם 1 Here, **they** and **them** refer to the officers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 5 20 60cj writing-participants וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙…לִקְרָאתָ֑ם בְּצֵאתָ֖ם 1 Here, **they** and **them** refer to the officers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 5 21 jsbv figs-quotemarks יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־רֵיחֵ֗נוּ בְּעֵינֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ וּבְעֵינֵ֣י עֲבָדָ֔יו לָֽתֶת־חֶ֥רֶב בְּיָדָ֖ם לְהָרְגֵֽנוּ 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 21 kv0v יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט 1 This is a form used for cursing or blessing someone; **and judge you** makes it a curse.
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EXO 5 21 4lou figs-youdual עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט 1 This refers to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a *dual* or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ EXO 6 intro we5k 0 # Exodus 06 General Notes<br><br>## Possible translation d
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EXO 6 1 ip5i figs-quotemarks עַתָּ֣ה תִרְאֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֖ה לְפַרְעֹ֑ה כִּ֣י בְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ יְשַׁלְּחֵ֔ם וּבְיָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה יְגָרְשֵׁ֖ם מֵאַרְצֽוֹ 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 6 1 lu95 grammar-connect-time-sequential עַתָּ֣ה 1 This refers to future events starting very soon. Alternative translation: “Starting soon” or “Very soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
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EXO 6 1 ece6 figs-metonymy בְיָ֤ד…וּבְיָ֣ד 1 my strong hand This represents God’s actions or works. Alternate translation: “the power I show in my works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 6 1 7wm5 בְיָ֤ד…וּבְיָ֣ד 1 It is not clear in the text whose hand (power) is referred to here. The options are: (1) Both refer to God’s hand (forcing Pharaoh’s actions), (2) Both refer to Pharaoh’s hand (forcing the Israelites out), (3) They don’t refer to the same person’s hand, the first refers to God’s and the second to Pharaoh’s. The UST has followed (1) which is the most common interpretation. Alternate translation: “by my... hand... and by my... hand” or “by his... hand... and by his... hand” or “by my... hand... and by his... hand”
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EXO 6 1 7wm5 בְיָ֤ד…וּבְיָ֣ד 1 It is not clear in the text whose hand (power) is referred to here. The options are: (1) Both refer to God’s hand (forcing Pharaoh’s actions), (2) Both refer to Pharaoh’s hand (forcing the Israelites out), (3) They don’t refer to the same person’s hand, the first refers to God’s and the second to Pharaoh’s. The UST has followed (1) which is the most common interpretation. Alternate translation: “by my… hand… and by my… hand” or “by his… hand… and by his… hand” or “by my… hand… and by his… hand”
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EXO 6 1 4m4g figs-parallelism כִּ֣י בְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ יְשַׁלְּחֵ֔ם וּבְיָ֣ד חֲזָקָ֔ה יְגָרְשֵׁ֖ם מֵאַרְצֽוֹ 1 These two phrases mean similar things. God says the same thing twice, in similar ways, for emphasis. You do not need to repeat both phrases in your translation if that might be confusing for your readers. Instead, if it would be clearer in your language, you could combine them. Alternate translation: “I will force him to let my people leave the land” <br>However, there is a slight difference in meaning, and you could also choose to bring that out in your translation. The second phrase intensifies the first by portraying Pharaoh as not merely letting the Israelites go, but as forcing them to leave the land. Alternate translation: “I will force him to let them go, in fact, I will force him to force them to leave his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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EXO 6 1 sdon מֵאַרְצֽוֹ 1 “from Egypt”
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EXO 6 2 5m1a writing-newevent וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו 1 There is a transition here, before this verse Yahweh was answering Moses’ question more directly. At the beginning of this verse, Yahweh is reintroduced as *God* because he begins to make a clarifying statement about himself and his relationship with the Israelites and their ancestors as well as his plans for the Israelites. Much of this section repeats what Yahweh has already told Moses. You may want to consider a section break before this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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Reference in New Issue