From 4ff7242e7a722edb234a9ab30217012c1ffd21d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Larry Sallee Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2019 15:46:54 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Corrected invalid UHB snippets (#1322) --- en_tn_06-JOS.tsv | 7 +++---- en_tn_08-RUT.tsv | 10 +++++----- en_tn_15-EZR.tsv | 20 ++++++++++---------- en_tn_16-NEH.tsv | 34 +++++++++++++++++----------------- en_tn_29-JOL.tsv | 4 ++-- 5 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_tn_06-JOS.tsv b/en_tn_06-JOS.tsv index 7efbfafbf..2d4b2206f 100644 --- a/en_tn_06-JOS.tsv +++ b/en_tn_06-JOS.tsv @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ JOS 6 3 fu9e 0 Connecting Statement: God continues telling Joshua what the peo JOS 6 3 eik2 כֹּ֥ה תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה שֵׁ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים 1 You must do this for six days “You must do this once each day for six days” JOS 6 4 b6ml וְ⁠שִׁבְעָ֣ה כֹהֲנִ֡ים יִשְׂאוּ֩ שִׁבְעָ֨ה שׁוֹפְר֤וֹת הַ⁠יּֽוֹבְלִים֙ לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י הָ⁠אָר֔וֹן 1 Seven priests must carry seven trumpets of rams’ horns before the ark The seven priests are to march in front of other priests who are carrying the ark and marching around the city. JOS 6 5 zdc7 0 Connecting Statement: God continues telling Joshua what the people must do. -JOS 6 5 d5rg וְ⁠הָיָ֞ה בִּ⁠מְשֹׁ֣ךְ׀ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶן הַ⁠יּוֹבֵ֗ל ב⁠שמע⁠כם אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַ⁠שּׁוֹפָ֔ר 1 they must sound a long blast with the ram’s horn…of the trumpet The word “they” refers to the seven priests. The “ram’s horn” and “trumpet” refer to the trumpets of rams’ horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](../06/04.md). +JOS 6 5 d5rg בִּ⁠מְשֹׁ֣ךְ׀ בְּ⁠קֶ֣רֶן הַ⁠יּוֹבֵ֗ל 1 they must sound a long blast with the ram’s horn…of the trumpet The word “they” refers to the seven priests. The “ram’s horn” and “trumpet” refer to the trumpets of rams’ horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](../06/04.md). JOS 6 5 g97v חוֹמַ֤ת הָ⁠עִיר֙ 1 the wall of the city “the outer wall of the city” or “the wall surrounding the city” JOS 6 6 h9cn translate-names נוּן֙ 1 Nun This is Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOS 6 6 s5ne שְׂא֖וּ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הַ⁠בְּרִ֑ית 1 Take up the ark of the covenant “Pick up the ark of the covenant” @@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ JOS 9 4 r5yb בְּ⁠עָרְמָ֔ה 1 cunning plan a crafty scheme intended JOS 9 5 q9v6 יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים 1 dry and moldy “dry and filled with fungus” or “stale and ruined” JOS 9 6 rz8e figs-synecdoche אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 men of Israel This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JOS 9 7 w599 translate-names הַ⁠חִוִּ֑י 1 the Hivites This is another name for the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -JOS 9 7 t1r4 figs-rquestion אוּלַ֗י בְּ⁠קִרְבִּ⁠י֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְ⁠אֵ֖יךְ אכרות־לְ⁠ךָ֥ בְרִֽית 1 Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a covenant with you? Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. Alternate translation: “If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +JOS 9 7 t1r4 figs-rquestion אוּלַ֗י בְּ⁠קִרְבִּ⁠י֙ אַתָּ֣ה יוֹשֵׁ֔ב וְ⁠אֵ֖יךְ אֶֽכְרָת־לְ⁠ךָ֥ בְרִֽית 1 Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a covenant with you? Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. Alternate translation: “If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JOS 9 10 kam4 translate-names לְ⁠סִיחוֹן֙ 1 Sihon This is the name of the defeated Amorite king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOS 9 10 s17h translate-names חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן 1 Heshbon This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOS 9 10 pz6y translate-names וּ⁠לְ⁠ע֥וֹג 1 Og This is the name of the defeated king of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -761,8 +761,7 @@ JOS 21 24 g4ma translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע 1 four cities JOS 21 25 e6cl figs-activepassive וּ⁠מִֽ⁠מַּחֲצִית֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙ 1 From the half tribe of Manasseh, the clan of Kohath was given Taanach This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The half tribe of Manasseh gave to the clan of Kohath Taanach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) JOS 21 25 yn8h translate-names אֶת־תַּעְנַךְ֙…גַּת־רִמּ֖וֹן 1 Taanach…Gath Rimmon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOS 21 26 hn9j translate-names לְ⁠מִשְׁפְּח֥וֹת בְּנֵֽי־קְהָ֖ת 1 clans of the Kohathites The priests in this group were descendants of Levi’s son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath’s grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -JOS 21 27 ws1t figs-activepassive וְ⁠לִ⁠בְנֵ֣י גֵרְשׁוֹן֮ מִ⁠מִּשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הַ⁠לְוִיִּם֒ מֵ⁠חֲצִ֞י מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה אֶת־עִיר֙ מִקְלַ֣ט הָ⁠רֹצֵ֔חַ אֶת־גלון 1 From the half tribe of Manasseh, to clans of Gershon, these were other Levite clans, and they gave Golan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The half tribe of Manasseh, other Levite clans, received from the half tribe of Manasseh Golan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -JOS 21 27 knk6 translate-names אֶת־גלון…בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָ֖ה 1 Golan…Be Eshterah names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +JOS 21 27 knk6 translate-names אֶת־גּוֹלָ֤ן…אֶֽת־בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָ֖ה 1 Golan…Be Eshterah names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) JOS 21 27 bmc9 הָ⁠רֹצֵ֔חַ 1 killed another unintentionally This refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person. JOS 21 27 a1zs translate-numbers עָרִ֖ים שְׁתָּֽיִם 1 two cities number of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) JOS 21 28 r9hc translate-names אֶת־קִשְׁי֖וֹן…אֶת־דָּֽבְרַ֖ת 1 Kishion…Daberath names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/en_tn_08-RUT.tsv b/en_tn_08-RUT.tsv index 60b2d37ee..9e0ea203d 100644 --- a/en_tn_08-RUT.tsv +++ b/en_tn_08-RUT.tsv @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ RUT 1 22 cx7g writing-endofstory וַ⁠תָּ֣שָׁב נָעֳמִ֗י וְ RUT 1 22 jdr2 writing-background וְ⁠הֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בִּ⁠תְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים 1 They came to Bethlehem at the beginning of the harvest of barley. The sentence gives background information, explaining that Naomi and Ruth had arrived in Bethlehem around the time when the Israelites were starting to harvest their barley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) RUT 1 22 bgy3 figs-abstractnouns בִּ⁠תְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים 1 at the beginning of the harvest of barley ***the barley harvest***. The phrase **the harvest of barley** can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “when the farmers were just beginning to harvest barley” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) RUT 2 intro ld2v 0 # Ruth 02 General Notes

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### **Do not go to glean in another field**

Boaz said this because he could not guarantee their safety in another person’s field. It is assumed that not everyone was as gracious and obedient to the law of Moses as Boaz. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-RUT 2 1 t2sn writing-participants וּֽ⁠לְ⁠נָעֳמִ֞י מידע לְ⁠אִישָׁ֗⁠הּ 1 Now Naomi had a relative of her husband This sentence introduces the next part of the story, in which Ruth meets Boaz. Boaz is introduced here as a new participant in the story. Your language may also have a specific way to introduce new events or new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +RUT 2 1 t2sn writing-participants וּֽ⁠לְ⁠נָעֳמִ֞י מוֹדַ֣ע לְ⁠אִישָׁ֗⁠הּ 1 Now Naomi had a relative of her husband This sentence introduces the next part of the story, in which Ruth meets Boaz. Boaz is introduced here as a new participant in the story. Your language may also have a specific way to introduce new events or new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) RUT 2 1 b4q7 אִ֚ישׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל 1 a man of great wealth ***a prominent, wealthy man***. This means that Boaz was prosperous and well known in his community, with a good reputation. RUT 2 2 am6a ר֨וּת הַ⁠מּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה 1 Ruth, the Moabite woman Here the story resumes. You need to see how your language restarts a story after a break. RUT 2 2 c7rk הַ⁠מּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה 1 the Moabite woman This is another way of saying the woman was from the country or tribe of Moab. @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ RUT 2 14 p256 וְ⁠טָבַ֥לְתְּ פִּתֵּ֖⁠ךְ בַּ⁠חֹ֑ RUT 2 14 xr6s בַּ⁠חֹ֑מֶץ 1 the wine vinegar The **wine vinegar** was a sauce into which they dipped bread. The Israelites further fermented some of their wine to make vinegar. RUT 2 15 v6wr figs-explicit וַ⁠תָּ֖קָם לְ⁠לַקֵּ֑ט וַ⁠יְצַו֩ בֹּ֨עַז אֶת־נְעָרָ֜י⁠ו 1 When she got up to glean, Boaz commanded his young men In the context of the commands, it is likely that Ruth was far enough away not to hear Boaz’s instructions. Alternate translation: “And when Ruth got up to gather up grain, Boaz privately told his young men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) RUT 2 15 rct9 וַ⁠תָּ֖קָם 1 When she got up ***After she stood up*** -RUT 2 15 a5z9 גַּ֣ם בֵּ֧ין הָֽ⁠עֳמָרִ֛ים 1 even among the bundles Here **even** denotes ***above and beyond what one normally does***. Boaz instructs his workers to let Ruth glean around the bundles of grain. People who were gleaning were normally forbidden from working that close to the harvested grain for fear that they might steal from the grain. +RUT 2 15 a5z9 גַּ֣ם בֵּ֧ין הָֽ⁠עֳמָרִ֛ים 1 even among the bundles Here **even** denotes ***above and beyond what one normally does***. Boaz instructs his workers to let Ruth glean around the bundles of grain. People who were gleaning were normally forbidden from working that close to the harvested grain for fear that they might steal from the grain. RUT 2 16 u6hv שֹׁל־תָּשֹׁ֥לּוּ לָ֖⁠הּ מִן־הַ⁠צְּבָתִ֑ים 1 pull out for her some grain from the bundles ***take some stalks of grain out of the bundles and leave them for her*** or ***leave behind stalks of grain for her to collect*** RUT 2 16 nn9l וְ⁠לֹ֥א תִגְעֲרוּ־בָֽ⁠הּ 1 do not rebuke her ***do not cause her shame*** or ***do not dishonor her*** RUT 2 17 h3ap וַ⁠תַּחְבֹּט֙ 1 Then she beat out She separated the edible part of the grain from the hull and stalk, which are thrown away. @@ -137,8 +137,8 @@ RUT 3 2 b4h8 figs-rquestion הֲ⁠לֹ֥א בֹ֨עַז֙ מֹֽדַעְתָּ RUT 3 2 nd8v figs-informremind הִנֵּה 1 Look The word **Look** indicates that the following statement is very important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-informremind]]) RUT 3 2 ms25 זֹרֶ֛ה 1 is winnowing To winnow means to separate grain from the unwanted chaff by tossing both the grain and chaff into the air, allowing the wind to blow the chaff away. RUT 3 3 ru6z וָ⁠סַ֗כְתְּ 1 and anoint yourself This is probably a reference to rubbing sweet-smelling oil on oneself, much as women put on perfume today. -RUT 3 3 e92h figs-idiom ו⁠ירדתי הַ⁠גֹּ֑רֶן 1 and go down to the threshing floor This refers to leaving the city and heading to the threshing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -RUT 3 4 jdr5 grammar-connect-time-background וִ⁠יהִ֣י בְ⁠שָׁכְב֗⁠וֹ 1 Then it will be that when he lies down, This is a background clause, explaining when Ruth should watch to see where Boaz sleeps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) +RUT 3 3 e92h figs-idiom וְיָרַ֣דְתְּ הַ⁠גֹּ֑רֶן 1 and go down to the threshing floor This refers to leaving the city and heading to the threshing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +RUT 3 4 jdr5 grammar-connect-time-background וִ⁠יהִ֣י בְ⁠שָׁכְב֗⁠וֹ 1 Then it will be that when he lies down, This is a background clause, explaining when Ruth should watch to see where Boaz sleeps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) RUT 3 4 ln1m translate-symaction וְ⁠גִלִּ֥ית מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖י⁠ו 1 and uncover his feet This means to remove the cloak or blanket covering his feet so that they would be exposed to the cold air. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) RUT 3 4 l4we ו⁠שכבתי 1 and lie down ***and lie down at his feet*** RUT 3 4 w1u5 וְ⁠הוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד לָ֔⁠ךְ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעַשִֽׂי⁠ן 1 Then he will tell you what you should do The specific custom of that time is unclear, but this is usually understood as a culturally acceptable way for a woman to tell a man that she was willing to marry him. Boaz would understand the custom and accept or reject her offer. @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ RUT 3 12 fvq5 גֹּאֵ֖ל קָר֥וֹב מִמֶּֽ⁠נִּי 1 a kinsman RUT 3 13 gcl8 figs-explicit אִם־יִגְאָלֵ֥⁠ךְ 1 if he will redeem you Boaz is referring to the expectation that the closest male relative of Ruth’s dead husband would marry her and help carry on his family name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) RUT 3 13 tkz9 חַי־יְהוָ֑ה 1 as Yahweh lives ***as surely as Yahweh lives***. This was a common Hebrew vow. RUT 3 14 vn8p וַ⁠תִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מרגלת⁠ו 1 So she lay at his feet Ruth slept at Boaz’ feet. They did not have sex. -RUT 3 14 dwx1 ב⁠טרום יַכִּ֥יר אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 before anyone could recognize another person This time of day can be spoken of in terms of darkness. Alternate translation: “while it was still dark” +RUT 3 14 dwx1 בְּטֶ֛רֶם יַכִּ֥יר אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑⁠הוּ 1 before anyone could recognize another person This time of day can be spoken of in terms of darkness. Alternate translation: “while it was still dark” RUT 3 15 hj1e הַ⁠מִּטְפַּ֧חַת 1 the shawl a piece of cloth worn over the shoulders for warmth RUT 3 15 f5zg שֵׁשׁ־שְׂעֹרִים֙ 1 six ephahs of barley The actual amount is not stated. It was enough to be considered generous, yet small enough for Ruth to carry alone. Some think it was about 30 kilograms. RUT 3 15 gdn8 וַ⁠יָּ֣שֶׁת עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ 1 put it on her The amount of grain was so great that Ruth needed help picking it up to carry it. diff --git a/en_tn_15-EZR.tsv b/en_tn_15-EZR.tsv index 0d5303a7d..431a33ec8 100644 --- a/en_tn_15-EZR.tsv +++ b/en_tn_15-EZR.tsv @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ EZR 2 16 kk2c translate-numbers תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וּ⁠שְׁמֹנָֽה EZR 2 17 t3k5 translate-names בֵצָ֔י 1 Bezai a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 2 19 i6kg translate-numbers 0 General Information: This continues the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. Notice that staring in 2:21 these now are the names of places from where they originally came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) EZR 2 19 j9nm translate-names חָשֻׁ֔ם 1 Hashum a man’s name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZR 2 20 r5bq translate-names גִבָּ֖ר 1 Gibbar These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +EZR 2 20 r5bq translate-names גִבָּ֖ר 1 Gibbar These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 2 20 g26q translate-numbers תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וַ⁠חֲמִשָּֽׁה 1 ninety-five “95” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) EZR 2 21 iu4s figs-explicit בְּנֵ֣י בֵֽית־לָ֔חֶם 1 The sons of Bethlehem This begins to list the number of people whose ancestors had lived in towns in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZR 2 22 syz2 translate-numbers חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וְ⁠שִׁשָּֽׁה 1 fifty-six “56” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ EZR 3 2 eg3w figs-activepassive כַּ⁠כָּת֕וּב בְּ⁠תוֹרַ֖ EZR 3 3 t8y7 וַ⁠יָּכִ֤ינוּ הַ⁠מִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ עַל־מְכ֣וֹנֹתָ֔י⁠ו 1 they set the altar on its foundation “mounted the altar on its stand” or “placed the altar on its stand so it would stay there” EZR 3 3 bk73 figs-idiom בְּ⁠אֵימָ֣ה עֲלֵי⁠הֶ֔ם 1 dread was on them This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they were very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) EZR 3 3 c33h figs-explicit מֵ⁠עַמֵּ֖י הָ⁠אֲרָצ֑וֹת 1 because of the people of the land You may need to make explicit what it was about the people of the land that made the Jews afraid. Alternate translation: “because they thought the people of the land wanted to attack them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -EZR 3 3 a9a2 ו⁠יעל עָלָ֤י⁠ו עֹלוֹת֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה עֹל֖וֹת לַ⁠בֹּ֥קֶר וְ⁠לָ⁠עָֽרֶב 1 They offered on it burnt offerings to Yahweh, both the morning and evening burnt offerings One of the first things the people did was to begin offering sacrifices. This was before the temple was rebuilt. +EZR 3 3 a9a2 וַיַּעֲל֨וּ עָלָ֤י⁠ו עֹלוֹת֙ לַֽ⁠יהוָ֔ה עֹל֖וֹת לַ⁠בֹּ֥קֶר וְ⁠לָ⁠עָֽרֶב 1 They offered on it burnt offerings to Yahweh, both the morning and evening burnt offerings One of the first things the people did was to begin offering sacrifices. This was before the temple was rebuilt. EZR 3 4 iej2 figs-explicit אֶת־חַ֥ג הַ⁠סֻּכּ֖וֹת 1 the Festival of Shelters This is a festival that was celebrated for eight days during the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It was associated with the time of the exodus when the Israelites lived in tents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZR 3 6 x3mt translate-hebrewmonths מִ⁠יּ֤וֹם אֶחָד֙ לַ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ 1 from the first day of the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) EZR 3 6 cip8 figs-activepassive וְ⁠הֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א יֻסָּֽד 1 although the foundation of the temple of Yahweh had not been laid The Jews began the ceremonies of worship even before they started building the temple. Alternate translation: “they had not yet laid the foundation for the temple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ EZR 5 11 a1ui figs-activepassive דִּֽי־הֲוָ֨א בְנֵ֜ה מִ⁠ק EZR 5 11 y9hr וְ⁠שַׁכְלְלֵֽ⁠הּ 1 completed “supplied all the equipment for it” EZR 5 12 un5r 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in [Ezra 5:11](../05/11.md). EZR 5 12 pqp8 הַרְגִּ֤זוּ…לֶ⁠אֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֔⁠א 1 provoked the God of heaven to wrath “made the God of heaven become very angry with us” -EZR 5 12 cy4x figs-metonymy הַ֣ב הִמּ֔וֹ בְּ⁠יַ֛ד נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל כסדי⁠א וּ⁠בַיְתָ֤⁠ה דְנָה֙ סַתְרֵ֔⁠הּ וְ⁠עַמָּ֖⁠ה הַגְלִ֥י 1 he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house and deported the people The hand is a metonym for power or control. Also, “Nebuchadnezzar” represents his army. Alternate translation: “allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, the Chaldean, to destroy this house and to take the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +EZR 5 12 cy4x figs-metonymy יְהַ֣ב הִמּ֔וֹ בְּ⁠יַ֛ד נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֥ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל כַּסְדָּאָ֑ה וּ⁠בַיְתָ֤⁠ה דְנָה֙ סַתְרֵ֔⁠הּ וְ⁠עַמָּ֖⁠ה הַגְלִ֥י לְ⁠בָבֶֽל 1 he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house and deported the people The hand is a metonym for power or control. Also, “Nebuchadnezzar” represents his army. Alternate translation: “allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, the Chaldean, to destroy this house and to take the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZR 5 12 sgt7 וּ⁠בַיְתָ֤⁠ה דְנָה֙ סַתְרֵ֔⁠הּ 1 destroyed this house “tore down this house” EZR 5 13 e3wn כּ֤וֹרֶשׁ מַלְכָּ⁠א֙ שָׂ֣ם טְעֵ֔ם בֵּית־אֱלָהָ֥⁠א דְנָ֖ה לִ⁠בְּנֵֽא 1 King Cyrus issued a command to rebuild the house of God Cyrus ordered that the people rebuild God’s temple. EZR 5 14 q6am 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Ezra 5:7](../05/07.md) continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in ([Ezra 5:11](./11.md)). @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ EZR 7 2 e2ek translate-names צָד֖וֹק…אֲחִיטֽוּב 1 Zadok…Ahi EZR 7 3 h5gv translate-names אֲמַרְיָ֥ה…עֲזַרְיָ֖ה…מְרָיֽוֹת 1 Amariah…Azariah…Meraioth This list is all men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 7 4 zd73 translate-names זְרַֽחְיָ֥ה…עֻזִּ֖י…בֻּקִּֽי 1 Zerahiah…Uzzi…Bukki men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 7 5 jvt2 translate-names אֲבִישׁ֗וּעַ…פִּֽינְחָס֙…אֶלְעָזָ֔ר 1 Abishua…Phinehas…Eleazar men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZR 7 6 xd8u וַ⁠יִּתֶּן־ל֣⁠וֹ הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ…כֹּ֖ל בַּקָּשָׁתֽ⁠וֹ 1 The king granted to him all his request “The king gave Ezra anything he asked for” +EZR 7 6 xd8u וַ⁠יִּתֶּן־ל֣⁠וֹ הַ⁠מֶּ֗לֶךְ…כֹּ֖ל בַּקָּשָׁתֽ⁠וֹ 1 The king granted to him all his request “The king gave Ezra anything he asked for” EZR 7 6 w6u9 figs-metonymy כְּ⁠יַד־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהָי⁠ו֙ עָלָ֔י⁠ו 1 according to the hand of Yahweh his God upon him The “hand” of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s blessing or help. Alternate translation: “the blessing of Yahweh was with Ezra” or “Yahweh was blessing Ezra” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EZR 7 7 tt66 figs-explicit בִּ⁠שְׁנַת־שֶׁ֖בַע לְ⁠אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥סְתְּא הַ⁠מֶּֽלֶךְ 1 in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes This refers to the seventh year of his reign. Alternate translation: “in the seventh year that Artaxerxes was king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZR 7 8 cr7y translate-hebrewmonths בַּ⁠חֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ⁠חֲמִישִׁ֑י 1 the fifth month This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) @@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ EZR 8 1 ss8d translate-names 0 General Information: There is an apparent shift EZR 8 2 m2b9 מִ⁠בְּנֵ֤י פִֽינְחָס֙ גֵּֽרְשֹׁ֔ם 1 of the sons of Phinehas, Gershom This is the first item in the list. It can be written with the verb “was.” Alternate translation: “The leader of the descendants of Phinehas was Gershom” or “Gershom was the leader of the descendants of Phinehas” EZR 8 2 i7e9 מִ⁠בְּנֵ֥י אִיתָמָ֖ר דָּנִיֵּ֑אל 1 of the sons of Ithamar, Daniel This is the second item in the list. It can be written with the verb “was.” Alternate translation: “The leader of the descendants of Ithamar was Daniel” or “Daniel was the leader of the descendants of Ithamar” EZR 8 2 kb7h מִ⁠בְּנֵ֥י דָוִ֖יד חַטּֽוּשׁ 1 of the sons of David, Hattush This is the third item in the list. It can be written with the verb “were.” Alternate translation: “The leaders of the descendants of David were Hattush who was…Parosh; and Zechariah” or “The leaders of the descendants of David were Hattush and Zechariah. Hattush was from…Parosh” -EZR 8 2 xt4r חַטּֽוּשׁ 1 Hattush This is a man’s name. +EZR 8 2 xt4r חַטּֽוּשׁ 1 Hattush This is a man’s name. EZR 8 3 m91f פַרְעֹ֖שׁ 1 Parosh See how you translated this man’s name in [Ezra 2:3](../02/03.md). EZR 8 3 ds2y וְ⁠עִמּ֛⁠וֹ הִתְיַחֵ֥שׂ לִ⁠זְכָרִ֖ים מֵאָ֥ה וַ⁠חֲמִשִּֽׁים 1 with him were registered150 males “with Zechariah there were 150 males listed in the record of his genealogy” EZR 8 3 se12 translate-numbers לִ⁠זְכָרִ֖ים מֵאָ֥ה וַ⁠חֲמִשִּֽׁי 1 150 males “one hundred and fifty males” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) @@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ EZR 8 15 cl4j translate-names אַהֲוָ֔א 1 Ahava This is the name of a pla EZR 8 16 ufp7 לִֽ֠⁠שְׁמַעְיָה 1 Shemaiah See how you translated this man’s name in [Ezra 8:13](../08/13.md). EZR 8 16 sw7e וּ⁠לְ⁠אֶלְנָתָ֨ן וּ⁠לְ⁠יָרִ֜יב וּ⁠לְ⁠אֶלְנָתָ֧ן 1 Elnathan…Elnathan…Elnathan There were apparently three men with the same name. EZR 8 17 a4dg translate-names אִדּ֨וֹ 1 Iddo This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZR 8 17 akq5 figs-explicit ו⁠אוצא⁠ה אוֹתָ⁠ם֙ 1 Next I sent them The word “them” refers to the nine leaders and two teachers written about in [Ezra 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate translation: “Next I sent those men to Iddo” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +EZR 8 17 akq5 figs-explicit וָאֲצַוֶּ֤ה אוֹתָ⁠ם֙ 1 Next I sent them The word “them” refers to the nine leaders and two teachers written about in [Ezra 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate translation: “Next I sent those men to Iddo” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EZR 8 17 ggi9 translate-names בְּ⁠כָסִפְיָ֣א 1 Kasiphia This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 8 17 nq66 וָ⁠אָשִׂימָ⁠ה֩ בְּ⁠פִי⁠הֶ֨ם דְּבָרִ֜ים לְ֠⁠דַבֵּר אֶל־אִדּ֨וֹ…לְ⁠הָֽבִיא־לָ֥⁠נוּ מְשָׁרְתִ֖ים לְ⁠בֵ֥ית אֱלֹהֵֽי⁠נוּ 1 I put in their mouths the words to speak to Iddo…to send to us servants for the house of our God The words “that is” introduces what he told them to say. Alternate translation: “I told them to tell Iddo…to send us servants for the house of God” EZR 8 18 kbq4 translate-names מַחְלִ֔י…וְ⁠שֵׁרֵֽבְיָ֛ה 1 Sherebiah…Mahli These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ EZR 10 9 v2eh translate-hebrewmonths ה֛וּא חֹ֥דֶשׁ הַ⁠תְּשׁ EZR 10 9 j9d3 בִּ⁠רְחוֹב֙ 1 in the square a large open courtyard in front of the temple EZR 10 10 x4sz figs-abstractnouns מְעַלְתֶּ֔ם 1 have acted unfaithfully The abstract noun “treason” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “helped the enemies of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EZR 10 10 v95n לְ⁠הוֹסִ֖יף עַל־אַשְׁמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 adding to the guilt of Israel “and now God considers us guilty of worse sin than before” -EZR 10 11 man9 וְ⁠הִבָּֽדְלוּ֙ 1 separate yourselves move away from, be different from +EZR 10 11 man9 וְ⁠הִבָּֽדְלוּ֙ 1 separate yourselves move away from, be different from EZR 10 13 wqu4 figs-litotes וְ⁠הַ⁠מְּלָאכָ֗ה לֹֽא־לְ⁠י֤וֹם אֶחָד֙ וְ⁠לֹ֣א לִ⁠שְׁנַ֔יִם 1 this is not the work of one or two days This litotes can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “we will need a long time to do all this work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) EZR 10 14 fcw7 figs-activepassive לְ⁠עִתִּ֣ים מְזֻמָּנִ֔ים וְ⁠עִמָּ⁠הֶ֛ם זִקְנֵי־עִ֥יר וָ⁠עִ֖יר וְ⁠שֹׁפְטֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 at the appointed time with the elders and judges of each of their cities This can be translated in active form and as separate sentences. Alternate translation: “at the time that you will determine. Let them come with the city elder and the city judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EZR 10 15 z2yc translate-names יוֹנָתָ֧ן…עֲשָׂהאֵ֛ל וְ⁠יַחְזְיָ֥ה…תִּקְוָ֖ה…וּ⁠מְשֻׁלָּ֛ם וְ⁠שַׁבְּתַ֥י 1 Jonathan…Asahel…Jahzeiah…Tikvah…Meshullam…Shabbethai men’s names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ EZR 10 26 gy8p translate-names וִ⁠יחִיאֵ֣ל 1 Jehiel See how you tran EZR 10 27 t24c translate-names זַתּ֑וּא 1 Zattu See how you translated this man’s name in [Ezra 2:8](../02/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 27 x1id translate-names אֶלְיוֹעֵנַ֤י 1 Elioenai See how you translated this man’s name in [Ezra 10:22](../10/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 27 ecz6 translate-names אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ 1 Eliashib See how you translated this man’s name in [Ezra 10:6](../10/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZR 10 28 h43s translate-names בֵּבָ֑י 1 Bebai This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +EZR 10 28 h43s translate-names בֵּבָ֑י 1 Bebai This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 28 jfh1 translate-names יְהוֹחָנָ֥ן 1 Jehohanan This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:6](../10/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 29 n4fe translate-names בָּנִ֑י 1 Bani See how you translated this man’s name in [Ezra 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 29 j32x translate-names מְשֻׁלָּ֤ם 1 Meshullam See how you translated this man’s name in [Ezra 8:16](../08/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ EZR 10 33 b1la translate-names זָבָ֣ד 1 Zabad This is a man’s name. See EZR 10 33 gh5f translate-names אֱלִיפֶ֔לֶט 1 Eliphelet This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:13](../08/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 33 zz6j translate-names מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה 1 Manasseh This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:30](../10/30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 33 zbx2 translate-names שִׁמְעִֽי 1 Shimei This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:23](../10/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZR 10 34 v361 translate-names בָנִ֔י 1 Bani This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +EZR 10 34 v361 translate-names בָנִ֔י 1 Bani This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 35 pcb9 translate-names בְּנָיָ֥ה 1 Benaiah This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:23](../10/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 36 h5e9 translate-names מְרֵמ֖וֹת 1 Meremoth This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 36 tg36 translate-names אֶלְיָשִֽׁיב 1 Eliashib This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:6](../10/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -516,6 +516,6 @@ EZR 10 42 ny8e translate-names אֲמַרְיָ֖ה 1 Amariah This is a man’s EZR 10 43 cab3 translate-names נְב֑וֹ 1 Nebo This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:29](../02/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 43 tih9 translate-names יְעִיאֵ֤ל 1 Jeiel This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:13](../08/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 43 tun4 translate-names זָבָ֣ד 1 Zabad This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:27](../10/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -EZR 10 43 kb1m translate-names זְבִינָ֔א ידו וְ⁠יוֹאֵ֖ל 1 Zebina…Jaddai…Joel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +EZR 10 43 kb1m translate-names זְבִינָ֔א יַדַּ֥י וְ⁠יוֹאֵ֖ל 1 Zebina…Jaddai…Joel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 43 jwl8 translate-names בְּנָיָֽה 1 Benaiah This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:25](../10/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) EZR 10 44 f8ms כָּל־אֵ֕לֶּה 1 All of these all the men in the list beginning in [Ezra 10:20](../10/20.md) diff --git a/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv b/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv index 36f45dec5..0793401a7 100644 --- a/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv +++ b/en_tn_16-NEH.tsv @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo NEH front intro k2y2 0 # Introduction to Nehemiah
## Part 1: General Introduction

### Outline of Nehemiah

1. Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem and inspects the walls (1:1-2:20)
1. The people rebuild the walls of Jerusalem (3:1-4:23)
1. Nehemiah helps the poor and provides an unselfish example (5:1–19)
1. Enemies try to slow down the work, but the people finish the walls (6:1–19)
1. Nehemiah lists the people who returned from exile (7:6–73)
1. Ezra reads the Law of Yahweh and the people respond (8:1-10:39)
1. Nehemiah lists the people who lived in and around Jerusalem (11:1–36)
1. Nehemiah lists the priests and Levites (12:1–26)
1. The people dedicate the walls of Jerusalem (12:27–47)
1. Nehemiah corrects problems (13:1–31)

### What is the Book of Nehemiah about?

A Jew named Nehemiah lived in Persia and worked for King Artaxerxes. Nehemiah received a report that the walls around Jerusalem were broken down. Nehemiah returned to Jerusalem to help rebuild the city walls. The walls around the city helped protect the city against armies and invaders.

### How should the title of this book be translated?

The Book of Nehemiah is named for a Jewish leader named Nehemiah. Translators can use the traditional title “Nehemiah.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Book about Nehemiah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

### Why were Israelites not allowed to marry people from other nations?

Foreigners worshiped many false gods. Yahweh did not allow his people to marry foreigners. He knew this would cause the people of Israel to worship false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])

### Did all of the people of Israel return to their homeland?

Many of the Jews remained in Babylon instead of returning to the Promised Land. Many of them were successful in Babylon and desired to remain there. However, this meant that they were unable to worship Yahweh in Jerusalem as their ancestors had done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])

## Part 3: Important Translation Issues

### How does the Book of Nehemiah use the term “Israel”?

The Book of Nehemiah uses the term “Israel” to refer to the kingdom of Judah. It was mostly made up of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The other ten tribes had ended their loyalty to any kings descended from David. God allowed the Assyrians to conquer the other ten tribes and take them into exile. As a result, they mixed with other people groups and did not return to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])

### Are the events in the Book of Nehemiah told in the order that they actually happened?

Some of the events in the Book of Nehemiah are not told in the order they actually happened. Translators should pay attention to notes that signal when events are probably out of order.
NEH 1 intro y5jf 0 # Nehemiah 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

### “The words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah:”
This phrase serves as an introduction to this entire book.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Repentance
This chapter is a single long record of Nehemiah’s repentance on behalf of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### I
While the author of this book is probably Ezra, the word “I” always refers to Nehemiah.

### Israel
It is uncertain to whom “Israel” refers. It probably does not refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. Neither does it likely refer to the twelve tribes of Israel. Instead, it is probably a reference to Israel in the sense of the surviving people group. At Nehemiah’s time, this people group exclusively comprised the tribe of Judah because the other tribes had already been scattered throughout the entire Near East, where they lost their identity, for the most part.
NEH 1 1 bi9h translate-names נְחֶמְיָ֖ה…חֲכַלְיָ֑ה 1 Nehemiah…Hakaliah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -NEH 1 1 qd3e translate-hebrewmonths בְ⁠חֹֽדֶשׁ־כסלו 1 in the month of Kislev “Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +NEH 1 1 qd3e translate-hebrewmonths בְ⁠חֹֽדֶשׁ־כִּסְלֵיו֙ 1 in the month of Kislev “Kislev” is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of November and the first part of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 1 1 hn28 figs-explicit שְׁנַ֣ת עֶשְׂרִ֔ים 1 in the twentieth year Nehemiah is referring to the number of years that Artaxerxes had been reigning as king. Alternate translation: “in the twentieth year of the reign of Artaxerxes, King of Persia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) NEH 1 1 g6dl בְּ⁠שׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַ⁠בִּירָֽה׃ 1 fortress of Susa This was one of the royal cities of Persian kings, located in the country of Elam. It was a large, fortified city with high walls surrounding it. NEH 1 2 f2ab translate-names חֲנָ֜נִי 1 Hanani This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -62,13 +62,13 @@ NEH 2 8 wl1s figs-metonymy כְּ⁠יַד־אֱלֹהַ֖⁠י הַ⁠טּוֹ NEH 2 10 yz8p translate-names סַנְבַלַּ֣ט הַ⁠חֹרֹנִ֗י 1 Sanballat the Horonite Sanballat is the name of a man, and the Horonites were a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 2 10 eh4c translate-names וְ⁠טֽוֹבִיָּה֙ הָ⁠עֶ֣בֶד הָֽ⁠עַמֹּנִ֔י 1 Tobiah the Ammonite servant This man was likely a freed slave now serving as an officer in Ammon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 2 10 vb3p וַ⁠יִּשְׁמַ֞ע 1 heard this “heard that I had arrived” -NEH 2 12 s7mw figs-metonymy נֹתֵ֣ן אֶל־לִבִּ֔⁠י 1 had put into my heart Here Nehemiah’s “heart” refers to his thoughts and will. Alternate translation: “had inspired me” or “had led me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +NEH 2 12 s7mw figs-metonymy נֹתֵ֣ן אֶל־לִבִּ֔⁠י 1 had put into my heart Here Nehemiah’s “heart” refers to his thoughts and will. Alternate translation: “had inspired me” or “had led me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) NEH 2 12 wd63 וּ⁠בְהֵמָה֙ אֵ֣ין עִמִּ֔⁠י 1 There was no animal with me “There were no animals with me” NEH 2 13 g1be figs-123person 0 General Information: A few men accompanied Nehemiah on this inspection, but he speaks in the first person because he was the primary person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) NEH 2 13 au61 וָ⁠אֵצְאָ֨⁠ה בְ⁠שַֽׁעַר־הַ⁠גַּ֜יא לַ֗יְלָה 1 I went out by night by the Valley Gate “At night, I went out through the Valley Gate” NEH 2 13 pt1h הַתַּנִּ֔ין 1 Jackal a wild dog NEH 2 13 mif3 שַׁ֖עַר הָ⁠אַשְׁפֹּ֑ת 1 Dung Gate Presumably, refuse was removed from the city through this gate. -NEH 2 13 a8u1 figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁר־ה⁠מפרוצים וּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֖י⁠הָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָ⁠אֵֽשׁ 1 which had been broken open, and the wooden gates were destroyed by fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Israel’s enemies had broken open, and the wooden gates which their enemies had destroyed with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +NEH 2 13 a8u1 figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣ם פְּרוּצִ֔ים וּ⁠שְׁעָרֶ֖י⁠הָ אֻכְּל֥וּ בָ⁠אֵֽשׁ 1 which had been broken open, and the wooden gates were destroyed by fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Israel’s enemies had broken open, and the wooden gates which their enemies had destroyed with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NEH 2 15 l39v figs-synecdoche וָ⁠אֱהִ֨י עֹלֶ֤ה בַ⁠נַּ֨חַל֙ לַ֔יְלָה וָ⁠אֱהִ֥י שֹׂבֵ֖ר בַּ⁠חוֹמָ֑ה וָ⁠אָשׁ֗וּב וָ⁠אָב֛וֹא בְּ⁠שַׁ֥עַר הַ⁠גַּ֖יְא וָ⁠אָשֽׁוּב 1 So I went up…and I turned back The other men with Nehemiah also followed him. Alternate translation: “So we went up…and we turned back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) NEH 2 15 b637 בְּ⁠שַׁ֥עַר הַ⁠גַּ֖יְא 1 by the Valley Gate “through the Valley Gate” NEH 2 16 xd75 figs-explicit וּ⁠לְ⁠יֶ֨תֶר֙ עֹשֵׂ֣ה הַ⁠מְּלָאכָ֔ה 1 the rest who did the work This refers to the men who would later rebuild the walls. Alternate translation: “the others who would later do the work of rebuilding the walls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ NEH 3 12 b7iq שַׁלּוּם֙ בֶּן־הַלּוֹחֵ֔שׁ שַׂ֕ר 1 NEH 3 12 l1db שַׂ֕ר 1 ruler leader or chief administrator. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 3:9](../03/09.md). NEH 3 12 b6fx translate-fraction חֲצִ֖י פֶּ֣לֶךְ 1 half the district “Half” means one part out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) NEH 3 13 itt7 translate-names חָנוּן֮ 1 Hanun This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -NEH 3 13 w5le וְ⁠יֹשְׁבֵ֣י זָנוֹחַ֒ 1 the inhabitants of Zanoah “the people from Zanoah” +NEH 3 13 w5le וְ⁠יֹשְׁבֵ֣י זָנוֹחַ֒ 1 the inhabitants of Zanoah “the people from Zanoah” NEH 3 13 ek5q translate-names זָנוֹחַ֒ 1 Zanoah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 3 13 i9v2 אֵת֩ שַׁ֨עַר 1 the Valley Gate “the Gate of the Valley” or “the Gate that Leads to the Valley.” Try to translate this expression as a name, not just as a description. NEH 3 13 d3h9 וַֽ⁠יַּעֲמִ֨ידוּ֙ דַּלְתֹתָ֔י⁠ו 1 set its doors “installed its doors” or “put its doors in place” @@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ NEH 3 30 s2s5 אחר⁠י 1 After him “Next to him” NEH 3 30 r5y4 translate-names חֲנַנְיָ֣ה…שֶׁלֶמְיָ֗ה וְ⁠חָנ֧וּן…צָלָ֛ף…מְשֻׁלָּם֙…בֶּ֣רֶכְיָ֔ה 1 Hananiah…Shelemiah…Hanun…Zalaph…Meshullam…Berechiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 3 30 nn44 translate-ordinal בֶּן־…הַ⁠שִּׁשִּׁ֖י 1 the sixth son “son 6” or “son number 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) NEH 3 30 bv3t נֶ֖גֶד נִשְׁכָּתֽ⁠וֹ 1 opposite his living chambers “in front of the rooms where he stayed.” The word “his” refers to Meshullam. -NEH 3 31 ifp5 אחרי 1 After him “Next to him” +NEH 3 31 ifp5 אַחֲרָ֣יו 1 After him “Next to him” NEH 3 31 d33p translate-names מַלְכִּיָּה֙ 1 Malkijah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 3 31 uuc7 הַ⁠צֹּ֣רְפִ֔י 1 goldsmiths A goldsmith is a person who makes gold jewelry and other gold objects. NEH 3 31 lb9z figs-ellipsis הֶחֱזִ֗יק…עַד־בֵּ֥ית 1 repaired to the house These words refer to repairing the wall. Alternate translation: “repaired the wall to the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) @@ -217,8 +217,8 @@ NEH 4 2 v3qv לִ⁠פְנֵ֣י אֶחָ֗י⁠ו 1 In the presence of his bro NEH 4 2 d5n2 figs-rquestion מָ֛ה הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֥ים הָ⁠אֲמֵלָלִ֖ים עֹשִׂ֑ים הֲ⁠יַעַזְב֨וּ לָ⁠הֶ֤ם הֲ⁠יִזְבָּ֨חוּ֙ הַ⁠יְכַלּ֣וּ בַ⁠יּ֔וֹם הַ⁠יְחַיּ֧וּ אֶת־הָ⁠אֲבָנִ֛ים מֵ⁠עֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶ⁠עָפָ֖ר וְ⁠הֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת 1 What are these feeble…Will they restore…Will they offer…Will they finish the work in a day? Sanballat poses these questions to mock the Jews. These can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “These feeble Jews can accomplish nothing. They will never restore the city for themselves. They will not offer sacrifices. They will not finish the work in a day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) NEH 4 2 r9lb הַ⁠יְּהוּדִ֥ים הָ⁠אֲמֵלָלִ֖ים 1 feeble Jews “weak Jews” NEH 4 2 uk3w figs-metaphor בַ⁠יּ֔וֹם 1 in a day This speaks of not finishing something quickly by saying that it cannot be accomplished in a day. Alternate translation: “quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -NEH 4 2 ps9n figs-rquestion הַ⁠יְחַיּ֧וּ אֶת־הָ⁠אֲבָנִ֛ים מֵ⁠עֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶ⁠עָפָ֖ר וְ⁠הֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת 1 Will they bring to life the stones from the piles of rubble after they were burned? Sanballat also poses this question to mock the Jews. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “They will not bring to life again the stones from piles of rubble that were burned.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -NEH 4 2 hr7v figs-metaphor הַ⁠יְחַיּ֧וּ אֶת־הָ⁠אֲבָנִ֛ים מֵ⁠עֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶ⁠עָפָ֖ר וְ⁠הֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת 1 bring to life the stones from the piles of rubble after they were burned This speaks of the people rebuilding the city as if they were bring it back to life. Alternate translation: “restore the city and rebuild its walls from the useless stones that were burned and turned into rubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +NEH 4 2 ps9n figs-rquestion הַ⁠יְחַיּ֧וּ אֶת־הָ⁠אֲבָנִ֛ים מֵ⁠עֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶ⁠עָפָ֖ר וְ⁠הֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת 1 Will they bring to life the stones from the piles of rubble after they were burned? Sanballat also poses this question to mock the Jews. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “They will not bring to life again the stones from piles of rubble that were burned.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +NEH 4 2 hr7v figs-metaphor הַ⁠יְחַיּ֧וּ אֶת־הָ⁠אֲבָנִ֛ים מֵ⁠עֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶ⁠עָפָ֖ר וְ⁠הֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת 1 bring to life the stones from the piles of rubble after they were burned This speaks of the people rebuilding the city as if they were bring it back to life. Alternate translation: “restore the city and rebuild its walls from the useless stones that were burned and turned into rubble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NEH 4 2 b96n figs-activepassive מֵ⁠עֲרֵמ֥וֹת הֶ⁠עָפָ֖ר וְ⁠הֵ֥מָּה שְׂרוּפֽוֹת 1 from the piles of rubble after they were burned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “from piles of rubble that someone had burned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NEH 4 3 alw5 translate-names וְ⁠טוֹבִיָּ֥ה 1 Tobiah This is a man’s name. See how you translated this in [Nehemiah 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 4 3 da2t figs-hyperbole אִם־יַעֲלֶ֣ה שׁוּעָ֔ל וּ⁠פָרַ֖ץ חוֹמַ֥ת אַבְנֵי⁠הֶֽם 1 If only a fox went up on what they are building, it would break down their stone wall Sanaballat mocks the wall and exaggerates how weak it is by saying that a fox could knock it down. Alternate translation: “That wall they are building is so weak that even if a little fox climbed up on it, their stone wall would fall to the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) @@ -277,14 +277,14 @@ NEH 5 9 ecd1 הַ⁠דָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֑י NEH 5 9 kr1t figs-rquestion הֲ⁠ל֞וֹא בְּ⁠יִרְאַ֤ת אֱלֹהֵ֨י⁠נוּ֙ תֵּלֵ֔כוּ מֵ⁠חֶרְפַּ֖ת הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֥ם אוֹיְבֵֽי⁠נוּ 1 Should you not walk in the fear of our God to prevent the taunts of the nations that are our enemies? This is a rhetorical question that Nehemiah is using to scold the nobles. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should walk in the fear of our God to prevent the taunts of the nations that are our enemies.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) NEH 5 9 v6ux figs-idiom הֲ⁠ל֞וֹא בְּ⁠יִרְאַ֤ת אֱלֹהֵ֨י⁠נוּ֙ תֵּלֵ֔כוּ 1 walk in the fear of our God This is and idiom. Here “walk” refers to a person’s behavior and the way he lives. Alternate translation: “live your life in a way that honors God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) NEH 5 9 s7qt figs-abstractnouns מֵ⁠חֶרְפַּ֖ת הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֥ם אוֹיְבֵֽי⁠נוּ 1 the taunts of the nations that are our enemies The word “taunt” means “slander” or “mockery” and it can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “the nations who are our enemies from taunting us” or “the enemy nations from mocking us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -NEH 5 10 xbp5 נֹשִׁ֥ים 1 lending borrowing or giving something to someone expecting repayment +NEH 5 10 xbp5 נֹשִׁ֥ים 1 lending borrowing or giving something to someone expecting repayment NEH 5 10 j3dq אֶת־הַ⁠מַּשָּׁ֥א הַ⁠זֶּֽ 1 loans This is any money, food, or property that one person could let another person borrow in order to repay debts. The borrower would then be indebted to the lender. NEH 5 11 vkz7 וּ⁠מְאַ֨ת 1 percentage A part of the value of the loan that the borrower was charged in interest. NEH 5 11 dim5 אַתֶּ֖ם נֹשִׁ֥ים בָּ⁠הֶֽם 1 you exacted from them “you charged them” or “you made them pay” NEH 5 12 e9y2 וַ⁠יֹּאמְר֣וּ 1 Then they said Here “they” refers to the Jewish leaders. NEH 5 12 q7t5 נָשִׁ֗יב וּ⁠מֵ⁠הֶם֙ 1 We will return what we took from them The Jewish leaders are saying they will return the money which the poorer Jews paid in interest charges. NEH 5 12 i1gi וָֽ⁠אַשְׁבִּיעֵ֔⁠ם 1 made them swear Here the word “them” refers to the Jewish leaders. -NEH 5 12 e2yv וָ⁠אֶקְרָא֙ 1 Then I called “I” refers to Nehemiah. +NEH 5 12 e2yv וָ⁠אֶקְרָא֙ 1 Then I called “I” refers to Nehemiah. NEH 5 13 neg1 translate-symaction חָצְנִ֣⁠י נָעַ֗רְתִּי 1 I shook out the fold of my robe “I shook out the pockets of my robe.” Many times in the Old Testament, oaths were physically demonstrated as a witness to what was promised. Nehemiah is demonstrating to the Jewish leaders what will happen if they break the promise they had made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) NEH 5 13 f5p4 figs-metaphor כָּ֣כָה יְנַעֵ֪ר הָֽ⁠אֱלֹהִ֟ים אֶת־כָּל־הָ⁠אִישׁ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יָקִ֜ים אֶת־הַ⁠דָּבָ֣ר הַ⁠זֶּ֗ה מִ⁠בֵּית⁠וֹ֙ וּ⁠מִ֣⁠יגִיע֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠כָ֛כָה יִהְיֶ֥ה נָע֖וּר וָ⁠רֵ֑ק 1 So may God shake out of his house…So may he be shaken out and emptied Here Nehemiah speaks of God taking away all of a man’s possessions as if God were shaking him out of his home and possessions like Nehemiah shook out his robe. Alternate translation: “So may God take away from every man who does not keep his promise all of his possessions and his home like I have taken everything out of the fold of my robe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NEH 5 14 zur1 מִ⁠יּ֣וֹם׀ אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה אֹתִ֗⁠י 1 from the time I was appointed Here “I” refers to Nehemiah. @@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ NEH 7 2 ykr9 translate-names חֲנָ֣נִי…חֲנַנְיָ֛ה 1 Hanani… NEH 7 2 zy5q וָ⁠אֲצַוֶּ֞ה אֶת־חֲנָ֣נִי אָחִ֗⁠י וְ⁠אֶת־חֲנַנְיָ֛ה שַׂ֥ר 1 I gave my brother Hanani charge “I gave the order for my brother Hanani to be the manager” NEH 7 2 iqf3 שַׂ֥ר הַ⁠בִּירָ֖ה 1 who had oversight of the fortress “who was in charge of the fortress” NEH 7 2 dx6d וְ⁠יָרֵ֥א אֶת־הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים מֵ⁠רַבִּֽים 1 feared God more than many “feared God more than many other people” -NEH 7 3 y2jk ו⁠יאמר לָ⁠הֶ֗ם 1 I said to them The word “them” refers to Hanani and Hananiah. +NEH 7 3 y2jk וָאֹמַ֣ר לָ⁠הֶ֗ם 1 I said to them The word “them” refers to Hanani and Hananiah. NEH 7 3 n55g לֹ֣א יִפָּֽתְח֞וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ עַד־חֹ֣ם הַ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וְ⁠עַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַ⁠דְּלָת֖וֹת וֶ⁠אֱחֹ֑זוּ 1 Do not open the gates of Jerusalem until the sun is hot. While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them Possible meanings are 1) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah or 2) these actions were done by Hanani and Hananiah with the help of the gatekeepers or 3) the gatekeepers did these actions under the direction of Hanani and Hananiah. NEH 7 3 w3hi חֹ֣ם הַ⁠שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ 1 the sun is hot “the sun is high in the sky” NEH 7 3 b2es וְ⁠עַ֨ד הֵ֥ם עֹמְדִ֛ים יָגִ֥יפוּ הַ⁠דְּלָת֖וֹת וֶ⁠אֱחֹ֑זוּ 1 While the gatekeepers are on guard, you may shut the doors and bar them “Shut the doors and bar them while the gatekeepers are still on guard” @@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ NEH 7 11 v6jn translate-names פַחַ֥ת מוֹאָ֛ב…יֵשׁ֖וּעַ NEH 7 11 my8s מוֹאָ֛ב לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יֵשׁ֖וּעַ וְ⁠יוֹאָ֑ב 1 through the descendants of Jeshua and Joab “that is, the descendants of Jeshua and Joab” NEH 7 12 d7wf translate-names עֵילָ֔ם 1 Elam This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 7 13 sbz7 translate-names זַתּ֔וּא 1 Zattu This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -NEH 7 14 v5zr translate-names זַכָּ֔י 1 Zakkai This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +NEH 7 14 v5zr translate-names זַכָּ֔י 1 Zakkai This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 7 15 a26a translate-numbers 0 Connecting Statement: Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) NEH 7 15 x1bd translate-names בִנּ֔וּי 1 Binnui This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 7 16 ay45 translate-names בֵבָ֔י 1 Bebai This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ NEH 7 33 dbu1 translate-names נְב֛וֹ 1 Nebo This is the name of a place. ( NEH 7 34 d1vy translate-names עֵילָ֣ם 1 Elam This is the name of a place. (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 7 35 wz53 translate-numbers 0 Connecting Statement: Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) NEH 7 35 s9ek translate-names חָרִ֔ם 1 Harim This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -NEH 7 36 avk6 translate-names יְרֵח֔וֹ 1 Jericho This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +NEH 7 36 avk6 translate-names יְרֵח֔וֹ 1 Jericho This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 7 37 b9f2 translate-names לֹד֙ חָדִ֣יד וְ⁠אוֹנ֔וֹ 1 Lod, Hadid, and Ono This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 7 38 rla1 translate-names סְנָאָ֔ה 1 Senaah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 7 39 x7hb translate-numbers 0 Connecting Statement: Nehemiah is continuing to recount the number of people who returned from exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) @@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ NEH 9 17 v9ib figs-idiom וַ⁠יַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔⁠ NEH 9 17 f1m1 נִפְלְאֹתֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֣יתָ עִמָּ⁠הֶ֔ם 1 the wonders that you had done among them “the miracles that you had done among them” NEH 9 17 gd2b figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּתְּנוּ־רֹ֛אשׁ לָ⁠שׁ֥וּב לְ⁠עַבְדֻתָ֖⁠ם 1 they appointed a leader to return to their slavery The Israelites would know that this referred to their ancestors wanting to return to Egypt. Alternate translation: “they appointed a leader to take them back to Egypt where they had been slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) NEH 9 17 p6nm figs-metaphor וְ⁠אַתָּה֩ אֱל֨וֹהַּ סְלִיח֜וֹת 1 who is full of forgiveness The desire to forgive is spoken of as if it were a liquid that could fill a container. Alternate translation: “who is ready to forgive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -NEH 9 17 c986 figs-metaphor וְ⁠רַב־ו⁠חסד 1 abounding in steadfast love Love is spoken of as if it were a food crop that Yahweh could share with people. Alternate translation: “loves his people very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +NEH 9 17 c986 figs-metaphor וְ⁠רַב־חֶ֖סֶד 1 abounding in steadfast love Love is spoken of as if it were a food crop that Yahweh could share with people. Alternate translation: “loves his people very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) NEH 9 18 hw32 0 Connecting Statement: In these verses, the Levites continue to praise Yahweh in the presence of the people of Israel. NEH 9 18 ind6 עָשׂ֤וּ לָ⁠הֶם֙ עֵ֣גֶל מַסֵּכָ֔ה 1 cast a calf out of molten metal melted metal and molded it in the shape of a calf NEH 9 19 eqh4 וְ⁠אַתָּה֙…הָֽ⁠רַבִּ֔ים לֹ֥א 1 you…did not abandon them Yahweh did not abandon the Israelites. @@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ NEH 10 34 l42k figs-activepassive לְ⁠בַעֵ֗ר 1 to be burned This can be NEH 10 34 ph9q figs-activepassive כַּ⁠כָּת֖וּב 1 as it is written This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “as it states” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) NEH 10 35 vp1p אַדְמָתֵ֗⁠נוּ 1 from our soil “in our soil” or “on our land” NEH 10 37 j9sj 0 General Information: In these verses, the people continue describing the content of the oath they were making in [Nehemiah verse 29](./28.md). -NEH 10 37 s7s2 figs-exclusive נָבִ֤יא 1 We will bring…We will bring The pronoun “we” here includes Nehemiah and the Israelites except for the priests and the Levites, and also does not include the reader of this book (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +NEH 10 37 s7s2 figs-exclusive נָבִ֤יא 1 We will bring…We will bring The pronoun “we” here includes Nehemiah and the Israelites except for the priests and the Levites, and also does not include the reader of this book (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) NEH 10 37 rk7x עֲרִיסֹתֵ֣י⁠נוּ 1 our dough Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) dough made from coarse flour, 2) coarse flour, or 3) ground grain. NEH 10 37 uc2w figs-ellipsis תִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְ⁠יִצְהָ֗ר 1 the new wine and the oil The words “first of” are understood from the begininng of the sentnces. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “the first of the new wine and of the oil” or “the best of the new wine and of the oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) NEH 10 37 e92l לִשְׁכ֣וֹת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֔י⁠נוּ 1 the storerooms of the house of our God “the places where things are stored in the temple” @@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ NEH 11 6 ej3g אַנְשֵׁי־חָֽיִל 1 They were outstanding men “The NEH 11 7 m8mp 0 Connecting Statement: In these verses, Nehemiah continues to list the provincial officers who lived in Jerusalem. NEH 11 7 md67 וְ⁠אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י 1 These are the descendants “These are some of the descendants.” Your language may need to specify that this is not a list of every descendant. NEH 11 7 w8c5 translate-names בִנְיָמִ֑ן סַלֻּ֡א…מְשֻׁלָּ֡ם…יוֹעֵ֡ד…פְּדָיָה֩…ק֨וֹלָיָ֧ה…מַעֲשֵׂיָ֛ה…אִֽיתִיאֵ֖ל…יְשַֽׁעְיָֽה 1 Benjamin…Sallu…Meshullam…Joed…Pedaiah…Kolaiah…Maaseiah…Ithiel…Jeshaiah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -NEH 11 8 bzh9 translate-names גַּבַּ֣י סַלָּ֑י 1 Gabbai…Sallai These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +NEH 11 8 bzh9 translate-names גַּבַּ֣י סַלָּ֑י 1 Gabbai…Sallai These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 11 8 z37g translate-numbers תְּשַׁ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּ⁠שְׁמֹנָֽה 1 928 men “nine hundred and twenty-eight men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) NEH 11 9 z3xl translate-names וְ⁠יוֹאֵ֥ל…זִכְרִ֖י…⁠יהוּדָ֧ה…הַ⁠סְּנוּאָ֛ה 1 Joel…Zichri…Judah…Hassenuah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 11 10 ft7m translate-names יְדַֽעְיָ֥ה…יוֹיָרִ֖יב יָכִֽין 1 Jedaiah…Joiarib…Jakin These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ NEH 12 5 x3ri translate-names מִיָּמִ֥ין מַֽעַדְיָ֖ה בִּ NEH 12 6 udm2 translate-names שְׁמַֽעְיָ֥ה וְ⁠יוֹיָרִ֖יב יְדַֽעְיָֽה 1 Shemaiah…Joiarib…Jedaiah These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 12 7 g43p translate-names סַלּ֣וּ עָמ֔וֹק חִלְקִיָּ֖ה יְדַֽעְיָ֑ה…יֵשֽׁוּעַ 1 Sallu…Amok…Hilkiah…Jedaiah…Jeshua These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 12 8 xy1h translate-names יֵשׁ֧וּעַ בִּנּ֛וּי קַדְמִיאֵ֥ל שֵׁרֵבְיָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֣ה מַתַּנְיָ֑ה 1 Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah,…Mattaniah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -NEH 12 9 nnn1 translate-names וּ⁠בַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֨ה ו⁠ענו 1 Bakbukiah…Unni These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +NEH 12 9 nnn1 translate-names וּ⁠בַקְבֻּֽקְיָ֨ה וְעֻנִּ֧י 1 Bakbukiah…Unni These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 12 9 nhn4 לְ⁠נֶגְדָּ֖⁠ם לְ⁠מִשְׁמָרֽוֹת 1 stood opposite them during the service Possible meanings are 1) this was during a worship service and these were two groups of singers or other worshipers, or 2) these groups guarded the temple at different times, or “took turns guarding the temple.” NEH 12 10 ri33 translate-names וְ⁠יֵשׁ֖וּעַ…יֽוֹיָקִ֑ים…אֶלְיָשִׁ֔יב…יוֹיָדָֽע 1 Jeshua…Joiakim…Eliashib…Joiada These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 12 10 xd69 figs-explicit וְ⁠יֵשׁ֖וּעַ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יֽוֹיָקִ֑ים 1 Jeshua was the father of Joiakim This is the same Jeshua named in [Nehemiah 12:1](../12/01.md). The original readers would have understood that Jeshua was the high priest. Alternate translation: “Jeshua the high priest was the father of Joiakim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ NEH 13 21 hi84 figs-rquestion מַדּ֜וּעַ אַתֶּ֤ם לֵנִים֙ NEH 13 21 hfv7 figs-metonymy יָ֖ד אֶשְׁלַ֣ח בָּ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 I will lay hands on you! The word “hands” is a metonym for forceful action. Alternate translation: “I will send you away by force!” or “I will remove you by force!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) NEH 13 22 mis6 גַּם־זֹאת֙ זָכְרָ⁠ה־לִּ֣⁠י אֱלֹהַ֔⁠י 1 Call me to mind for this also, my God “My God, remember me concerning this also.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Nehemiah 13:14](../13/14.md). NEH 13 23 zxc2 0 Connecting Statement: These verses introduce the action that follows. -NEH 13 23 jp2w figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֙ הֹשִׁ֗יבוּ נָשִׁים֙ אשדודיות עמוניות מוֹאֲבִיּֽוֹת 1 Jews that had married women of Ashdod, Ammon, and Moab “Jews that had married foreign women.” God had forbidden intermarriage. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +NEH 13 23 jp2w figs-explicit אֶת־הַ⁠יְּהוּדִים֙ הֹשִׁ֗יבוּ נָשִׁים֙ אשדודיות עמוניות 1 Jews that had married women of Ashdod, Ammon, and Moab “Jews that had married foreign women.” God had forbidden intermarriage. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) NEH 13 23 l9c2 translate-names אשדודיות 1 Ashdod This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 13 23 b4nt translate-names עמוניות מוֹאֲבִיּֽוֹת 1 Ammon…Moab These are the names of nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) NEH 13 24 w247 וּ⁠בְנֵי⁠הֶ֗ם חֲצִי֙ 1 Half of their children “As a result, half of their children” diff --git a/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv b/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv index 2c4a66f28..c61dcb2e3 100644 --- a/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv +++ b/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ JOL 3 intro jcn7 0 # Joel 03 General Notes
## Structure and formatting
JOL 3 1 b14f 0 General Information: Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. JOL 3 1 nha5 כִּ֗י הִנֵּ֛ה 1 Behold “Listen” or “Pay attention” JOL 3 1 zy3s figs-doublet בַּ⁠יָּמִ֥ים הָ⁠הֵ֖מָּה וּ⁠בָ⁠עֵ֣ת הַ⁠הִ֑יא 1 in those days and at that time The phrase “at that time” means the same thing as and intensifies the phrase “in those days.” Alternate translation: “in those very days” or “at that very time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) -JOL 3 1 c3ys אֲשֶׁ֥ר אשוב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem “When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem” +JOL 3 1 c3ys אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת יְהוּדָ֖ה וִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִָֽם 1 when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem “When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem” JOL 3 2 xs2u עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט 1 Valley of Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat, whose name means “Yahweh judges,” was king of Judah before Joel lived. There is no known place with this name. It would be best to translate this as the name of a valley that people named after the man Jehoshaphat. JOL 3 2 idt3 figs-doublet עַמִּ֨⁠י וְ⁠נַחֲלָתִ֤⁠י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 my people and my inheritance Israel These two phrases emphasize how Yahweh views Israel as his own precious people. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel, who are my inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JOL 3 3 z4y6 figs-explicit וַ⁠יִּתְּנ֤וּ הַ⁠יֶּ֨לֶד֙ בַּ⁠זּוֹנָ֔ה וְ⁠הַ⁠יַּלְדָּ֛ה מָכְר֥וּ בַ⁠יַּ֖יִן וַ⁠יִּשְׁתּֽוּ 1 traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink These are examples of the kinds of things they did and do not indicate what they did to two particular children. Alternate translation: “and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ JOL 3 14 fq2i figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠עֵ֖מֶק הֶֽ⁠חָר֑וּץ 1 JOL 3 16 fj29 1 General Information: Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17. JOL 3 16 fe1r figs-parallelism וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה מִ⁠צִּיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֗ג וּ⁠מִ⁠ירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קוֹל֔⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh will roar from Zion, and raise his voice from Jerusalem Both phrases mean Yahweh will shout with a loud, clear and powerful voice from Jerusalem. If your language only has one word for speaking very loudly, this can be used as one phrase. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will shout from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOL 3 16 yr8u figs-metaphor וַ⁠יהוָ֞ה…יִשְׁאָ֗ג 1 Yahweh will roar Possible meanings are 1) “Yahweh will roar like a lion” or 2) “Yahweh will roar like thunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JOL 3 16 lf34 figs-hyperbole וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 The heavens and earth will shake Joel speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that Yahweh’s roar is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the heavens and earth are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: “Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +JOL 3 16 lf34 figs-hyperbole וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם וָ⁠אָ֑רֶץ 1 The heavens and earth will shake Joel speaks of the heavens and earth as if they were people who are shaking with fear. This can be translated as either a hyperbole, that Yahweh’s roar is so frightening that even things that are not alive are afraid, or as metonymy, that the heavens and earth are metonyms for the beings who live there. Alternate translation: “Everyone in the heavens and on the earth is very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JOL 3 16 vd5q וְ⁠רָעֲשׁ֖וּ 1 will shake This word is the past form of the word translated “tremble” in [Joel 2:10](../02/10.md). JOL 3 16 lr5v figs-metaphor וַֽ⁠יהוָה֙ מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה לְ⁠עַמּ֔⁠וֹ וּ⁠מָע֖וֹז לִ⁠בְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Yahweh will be a shelter for his people, and a fortress for the people of Israel Both of these phrases mean Yahweh will protect his people. A fortress is a strong shelter used to protect people during war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be a strong fortress for his people, the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) JOL 3 17 isx1 וִֽ⁠ידַעְתֶּ֗ם 1 So you will know “When I do these things, you will know”