Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
TIT	front	intro	m2jl			0		# Introduction to Titus<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of the Book of Titus<br><br>1. Paul instructs Titus to appoint godly leaders (1:1-16)<br>1. Paul instructs Titus to train people to live godly lives (2:1-3:11)<br>1. Paul ends by sharing some of his plans and sending greetings to various believers (3:12-15)<br><br>#### Who wrote the Book of Titus?<br><br>Paul wrote the Book of Titus. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>#### What is the Book of Titus about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to Titus, his fellow worker, who was leading the churches on the island of Crete. Paul instructed him about selecting church leaders. Paul also described how the believers should behave towards each other. And he encouraged them all to live in a way that pleases God.<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Titus." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to Titus" or "A Letter to Titus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### In what roles can people serve within the church?<br><br>There are some teachings in the Book of Titus about whether a woman or divorced man can serve in positions of leadership within the church. Scholars disagree about the meaning of these teachings. Further study on these issues may be necessary before translating this book.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>##### Singular and plural "you"<br>In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. Also, the word "you" is almost always singular and refers to Titus. The exception to this is 3:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>#### What is the meaning of "God our Savior?"<br><br>This is a common phrase in this letter. Paul meant to make the readers think about how God forgave them in Christ for sinning against him. And by forgiving them he saved them from being punished when he judges all people. A similar phrase in this letter is "our great God and Savior Jesus Christ."<br>
TIT	01	intro	c7me			0		# Titus 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-4. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>In verses 6-9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Elders<br><br>The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Should, may, must<br>The ULT uses different words that indicate requirements or obligations. These verbs have different levels of force associated with them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UST translates these verbs in a more general way.<br>
TIT	01	01	rtc9			0	for the faith of	to strengthen the faith of
TIT	01	01	fyf8			0	that agrees with godliness	"that is suitable for honoring God"
TIT	01	02	r2gj			0	before all the ages of time	"before time began"
TIT	01	03	b22h			0	At the right time	"At the proper time"
TIT	01	03	swi9	figs-metaphor		0	he revealed his word	Paul speaks of God's message as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. Alternate translation: "He caused me to understand his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	01	03	m41u			0	he trusted me to deliver	"he trusted me to bring" or "he gave me the responsibility to preach"
TIT	01	03	dpn4			0	God our Savior	"God, who saves us"
TIT	01	04	gu55	figs-metaphor		0	a true son	Though Titus was not Paul's biological son, they share a common faith in Christ. Thus, in Christ, Paul considers Titus as his own son. Alternate translation: "you are like a son to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	01	04	wx6c			0	our common faith	Paul expresses the same faith in Christ that they both share. Alternate translation: "the teachings that we both believe"
TIT	01	04	h93t	figs-ellipsis		0	Grace and peace	This was a common greeting Paul used. You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: "May you experience kindness and peace within" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
TIT	01	04	s3yr			0	Christ Jesus our Savior	"Christ Jesus who is our Savior"
TIT	01	05	ew8h			0	For this purpose	"This is the reason"
TIT	01	05	lh9b			0	I left you in Crete	"I told you to stay in Crete"
TIT	01	05	ga62			0	that you might set in order things not yet complete	"so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done"
TIT	01	05	b52u			0	ordain elders	"appoint elders" or "designate elders"
TIT	01	05	p56w			0	elders	In the early Christian churches, Christian elders gave spiritual leadership to the assemblies of believers.
TIT	01	06	wja4			0	Connecting Statement:	Having told Titus to ordain elders in every city on the island of Crete, Paul gives the requirements for elders.
TIT	01	06	jen8			0	An elder must be without blame, the husband	To be "without blame" is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: "An elder must not have a bad reputation and must be the husband"
TIT	01	06	q6uy	figs-explicit		0	the husband of one wife	This means that he has only one wife, that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. It may also imply that he does not commit adultery and that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: "a man who has only one woman" or "a man who is faithful to his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
TIT	01	06	wd6q			0	faithful children	Possible meanings are 1) children who believe in Jesus or 2) children who are trustworthy.
TIT	01	07	lz7x			0	overseer	This is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as "elder" in 1:6.
TIT	01	07	g2zf	figs-metaphor		0	God's household manager	Paul speaks of the church as if it were God's household and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing the household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	01	07	d6l1			0	not addicted to wine	"not an alcoholic" or "not one who drinks much wine"
TIT	01	07	j1qq			0	not a brawler	"not one who is violent" or "not one who likes to fight"
TIT	01	08	i549			0	Instead	Paul is changing his argument from what an elder is not to be to what an elder is to be.
TIT	01	08	vkq1			0	a friend of what is good	"a person who loves what is good"
TIT	01	09	xwy6	figs-metaphor		0	hold tightly to	Paul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with one's hands. Alternate translation: "be devoted to" or "know well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	01	09	pzi1			0	good teaching	He must teach what is true about God and other spiritual matters.
TIT	01	10	xsq9			0	Connecting Statement:	Because of those that would oppose God's word, Paul gives Titus reasons to preach God's word and warns him about false teachers.
TIT	01	10	w9kk			0	rebellious people	These are rebellious people who oppose Paul's gospel message.
TIT	01	10	ga6n	figs-metaphor		0	empty talkers and deceivers	This phrase describes the rebellious people mentioned in the previous phrase. Here "empty" is a metaphor for useless, and "empty talkers" are people who say useless or foolish things. Alternate translation: "people who say useless things and deceive others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	01	10	pu74	figs-metonymy		0	those of the circumcision	This refers to the Christian Jews who taught that men must be circumcised in order to follow Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
TIT	01	11	f4iy			0	It is necessary to stop them	"They must be prevented from spreading their teachings" or "They must be stopped from influencing others by their words"
TIT	01	11	tw4e			0	what they should not teach	These are things that are not proper to teach regarding Christ and the Law because they are not true.
TIT	01	11	at7c			0	for shameful profit	This refers to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable.
TIT	01	11	aqi5			0	are upsetting whole families	"are ruining whole families." The issue was that they were upsetting families by destroying their faith. This may have caused the members of the families to argue with one another.
TIT	01	12	tr1j			0	One of their own prophets	"A prophet from Crete itself" or "A Cretan that they themselves consider to be a prophet"
TIT	01	12	y3zb	figs-hyperbole		0	Cretans are always liars	"Cretans lie all the time." This is an exaggeration that means many Cretans lie a lot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
TIT	01	12	h3jb	figs-metaphor		0	evil beasts	This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	01	13	fif8			0	Therefore, correct them severely	"You must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them"
TIT	01	13	je3r			0	so that they may be sound in the faith	"so they will have a healthy faith" or "so their faith may be true"
TIT	01	14	p28i			0	Jewish myths	This refers to the false teaching of the Jews.
TIT	01	14	m4a5	figs-metaphor		0	turn away from the truth	Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object that one could turn away from or avoid. Alternate translation: "reject the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	01	15	qtb9			0	To those who are pure, all things are pure	"If people are pure on the inside, everything they do will be pure"
TIT	01	15	nx42			0	To those who are pure	"To those who are acceptable to God"
TIT	01	15	n3wk	figs-metaphor		0	to those who are corrupt and unbelieving, nothing is pure	Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically dirty. Alternate translation: "if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	01	16	i3l2			0	they deny him by their actions	"how they live proves that they do not know him"
TIT	01	16	ja47			0	They are detestable	"They are disgusting"
TIT	02	intro	h3il			0		# Titus 02 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Gender roles<br><br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.<br><br>##### Slavery<br><br>Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation.<br>
TIT	02	01	lfu1			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God's word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers.
TIT	02	01	tpi2	figs-explicit		0	But you, speak what fits	Paul implies what is in contrast. Alternate translation: "But you, Titus, in contrast with the false teachers, be sure to say those things that fit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
TIT	02	01	ph2j			0	with faithful instruction	"with sound doctrine" or "with correct teachings"
TIT	02	02	xc6t			0	to be temperate	"to be sober-minded" or "to be self-controlled"
TIT	02	02	y3j2			0	to be ... sensible	"to ... control their desires"
TIT	02	02	m14y	figs-abstractnouns		0	sound in faith, in love, and in perseverance	Here the word "sound" means to be firm and unwavering. The abstract nouns "faith," "love," and "perseverance" can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: "and they must firmly believe the true teachings about God, truly love others, and continually serve God even when things are difficult" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
TIT	02	03	gl8e			0	Teach older women likewise	"In the same way, teach older women" or "Also teach older women"
TIT	02	03	v9cp			0	slanderers	This word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not.
TIT	02	03	g9re	figs-metaphor		0	or being slaves to much wine	A person who cannot control themselves and drinks too much wine is spoken of as if the person were a slave to the wine. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "and not drinking too much wine" or "and not addicted to wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
TIT	02	05	t5v6	figs-activepassive		0	so that God's word may not be insulted	"Word" here is a metonym for "message," which in turn is a metonym for God himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "so that no one insults God's word" or "so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
TIT	02	06	i3hv			0	In the same way	Titus was to train the younger men like he was to train the older people.
TIT	02	07	x73u			0	present yourself as	"show yourself to be"
TIT	02	07	ym6x			0	an example of good works	"an example of one who does right and proper things"
TIT	02	08	xt6v	figs-hypo		0	so that anyone who opposes you may be ashamed	This presents an imaginary situation where someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: "so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed" or "so that if people oppose you, they may be ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
TIT	02	09	ntp7			0	their masters	"their own masters"
TIT	02	09	if6v			0	in everything	"in every situation" or "always"
TIT	02	09	id15			0	please them	"make their masters happy" or "satisfy their masters"
TIT	02	10	t87j			0	demonstrate all good faith	"show that they are worthy of their masters' trust"
TIT	02	10	h2n6			0	in every way	"in everything they do"
TIT	02	10	f8jy			0	they may bring credit to the teaching about God our Savior	"they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive" or "they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good"
TIT	02	10	pn93			0	God our Savior	"our God who saves us"
TIT	02	11	y44u			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus' coming and remember his authority through Jesus.
TIT	02	11	gp2z	figs-personification		0	the grace of God has appeared	Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who goes to other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
TIT	02	12	qy8k	figs-personification		0	trains us	Paul speaks of the grace of God ([Titus 2:11] (./11.md)) as if it were a person who goes to other people and trains them to live holy lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
TIT	02	12	lxb3			0	trains us to reject godlessness	"teaches us not to dishonor God"
TIT	02	12	n3k5			0	worldly passions	"strong desires for the things of this world" or "strong desires for sinful pleasures"
TIT	02	12	fk8j			0	in this age	"while we live in this world" or "during this time"
TIT	02	13	rz93			0	we look forward to receiving	"we wait to welcome"
TIT	02	13	pss7	figs-metonymy		0	our blessed hope, the appearance of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ	Here "glory" represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. Alternate translation: "the good thing for which we hope, that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
TIT	02	14	niu4	figs-explicit		0	gave himself for us	This refers to Jesus dying willingly. Alternate translation: "gave himself to die for us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
TIT	02	14	gxe7	figs-metaphor		0	to redeem us from all lawlessness	Paul speaks of Jesus as if he were setting slaves free from their evil master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	02	14	fjy1			0	a special people	A group of people that he treasures.
TIT	02	14	ii18			0	are eager	"have a strong desire"
TIT	02	15	b94z	figs-explicit		0	give correction with all authority	This statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "Correct with all authority those people who do not do these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
TIT	02	15	h15y			0	Let no one	"Do not allow anyone to"
TIT	02	15	jbu1	figs-explicit		0	disregard you	This statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "refuse to listen to your words" or "refuse to respect you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
TIT	03	intro	zh6x			0		# Titus 03 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul gives Titus personal instructions in this chapter.<br><br>Verse 15 formally concludes this letter. This is a common way of ending a letter in the ancient Near East.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Genealogies<br><br>Genealogies are lists that record a person's ancestors or descendants. Jews used genealogies to choose the right man to become king. They did this because only a son of a king could normally become king. They also showed from what tribe and family they came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron.<br>
TIT	03	01	y9tr			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete.
TIT	03	01	j2sa			0	Remind them to submit	"Tell our people again what they already know, to submit" or "Keep reminding them to submit"
TIT	03	01	w3fy			0	submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them	"do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them"
TIT	03	01	wa9x			0	rulers and authorities	These words have similar meanings and are used together to include everyone who holds authority in the government.
TIT	03	01	in7u			0	be ready for every good work	"be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity"
TIT	03	02	lug7			0	to revile	"to speak evil of"
TIT	03	03	m9zd			0	For once we ourselves	"This is because we ourselves were once"
TIT	03	03	me7b			0	once	"formerly" or "at some time" or "previously"
TIT	03	03	bl8e			0	we ourselves	"even we" or "we also"
TIT	03	03	rrx9			0	were thoughtless	"were foolish" or "were unwise"
TIT	03	03	qt8f	figs-personification		0	We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures	Passion and pleasure are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Various passions and pleasures had lied to us and so led us astray" or "We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that various passions and pleasures could make us happy, and then we were unable to control our feelings or stop doing things we thought would give us pleasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
TIT	03	03	tl5n			0	passions	"lusts" or "desires"
TIT	03	03	dec4	figs-hendiadys		0	We lived in evil and envy	Here "evil" and "envy" are similar words for sin. Alternate translation: "We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
TIT	03	03	y5lp			0	We were detestable	"We caused others to hate us"
TIT	03	04	ba5a	figs-personification		0	when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared	Paul speaks of God's kindness and love as if they were people that came into our sight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
TIT	03	05	n4ug			0	by his mercy	"because he had mercy on us"
TIT	03	05	k1a6	figs-metaphor		0	washing of new birth	Paul is probably speaking of God's forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	03	06	fby9	figs-metaphor		0	whom God richly poured on us	It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. Alternate translation: "whom God gave to us generously" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	03	06	q9ze			0	through our Savior Jesus Christ	"when Jesus saved us"
TIT	03	07	di3g	figs-activepassive		0	having been justified	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "since God has declared us to be without sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
TIT	03	07	q1cm	figs-metaphor		0	we might become heirs with the certain hope of eternal life	The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	03	08	j8md			0	This message	This refers to God giving the believers the Holy Spirit through Jesus in [Titus 3:7](../03/07.md).
TIT	03	08	kqm6			0	may be careful to engage themselves in good works	"may seek to do good works"
TIT	03	09	tzh9			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers.
TIT	03	09	j1hf			0	But avoid	"So avoid" or "Therefore, avoid"
TIT	03	09	xnf9			0	foolish debates	"arguments concerning unimportant matters"
TIT	03	09	qk66			0	genealogies	This is the study of family kinship relationships.
TIT	03	09	xu7f			0	strife	arguments or fights
TIT	03	09	ky3n			0	the law	"the law of Moses"
TIT	03	10	x3fh			0	Reject anyone	"Stay away from anyone"
TIT	03	10	xzx1			0	after one or two warnings	"after you have warned that person once or twice"
TIT	03	11	r7pc			0	such a person	"a person like that"
TIT	03	11	inh5	figs-metaphor		0	has turned from the right way	Paul speaks of someone who makes errors as if he were leaving the path on which he had been walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT	03	11	p81k			0	condemns himself	"brings judgment on himself"
TIT	03	12	z7i4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by giving greetings from those with him.
TIT	03	12	mba6			0	When I send	"After I send"
TIT	03	12	c32w	translate-names		0	Artemas ... Tychicus	These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
TIT	03	12	knt1			0	hurry and come	"come quickly"
TIT	03	12	gdw9			0	spend the winter	"stay for the winter"
TIT	03	13	a46f	translate-names		0	Zenas	This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
TIT	03	13	j496			0	Do everything you can to send	"Do not delay in sending"
TIT	03	13	s757			0	and Apollos	"and also send Apollos"
TIT	03	14	v7wg			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains why it is important to provide for Zenas and Apollos.
TIT	03	14	fw98			0	Our people	Paul is referring to the believers in Crete.
TIT	03	14	tn24			0	that provide for urgent needs	"that enable them to help people who need important things immediately"
TIT	03	14	mji4	figs-doublenegatives		0	needs, and so not be unfruitful	Paul speaks of people doing good work as if they were trees bearing good fruit. This double negative means they should be fruitful or productive. Alternate translation: "needs; in this way they will be fruitful" or "needs, and so they will do good works" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
TIT	03	15	j3y2			0	General Information:	Paul ends his letter to Titus.
TIT	03	15	k1sa			0	All those	"All the people"
TIT	03	15	f4vc			0	those who love us in faith	Possible meanings are 1) "the believers who love us" or 2) "the believers who love us because we share the same belief."
TIT	03	15	kx83			0	Grace be with all of you	This was a common Christian greeting. Alternate translation: "May God's grace be with you" or "I ask that God will be gracious to all of you"