# Connecting Statement: Paul reminds these believers that God has now made Gentiles and Jews into one body through Christ and his cross. # Gentiles in the flesh This refers to people who were not born Jewish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # uncircumcision Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of God's laws. AT: "uncircumcised pagans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # circumcision This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised. AT: "circumcised people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # separated from Christ "unbelievers" # what is called the "circumcision" in the flesh made by human hands Possible meanings are 1) "Jews, who are circumcised by humans" or 2) "Jews, who circumcise the physical body." # by what is called This can be translated with an active form. AT: "by what people call" or "by those whom people call" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # strangers to the covenants of the promise Paul speaks to the Gentile believers as if they had been foreigners, kept out of the land of God's covenant and promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # translationWords * [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/gentile]] * [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] * [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]] * [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] * [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] * [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]] * [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] * [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/god]] * [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/world]]