Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2SA	front	intro	bs9v			0		# Introduction to 2 Samuel<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of 2 Samuel<br><br>1. The first years of David’s reign (1:1–7:29)<br>- Saul is killed; David is kind to Ishbosheth (1:1–4:12)<br>- David defeats the Philistines (5:1–25)<br>- Victories, the ark, the house of God (6:1–7:29)<br>1. David extends his rule to all the Promised Land (8:1–10:19)<br>1. David’s sin with Bathsheba (11:1–12:31)<br>1. Amnon and Tamar; Absalom kills Amnon (13:1–14:33)<br>1. The later years of David’s reign (15:1–24:25)<br>- Absalom rebels and is killed (15:1–18:33)<br>- David’s kingdom restored (19:1–20:26)<br>- Famine and warfare (21:1–14)<br>- David’s song of praise (22:1–23:7)<br>- David’s mighty men (23:8–39)<br>- Yahweh judges David’s sin of numbering the people; the plague stopped (24:1–25)<br><br>### What is the Book of 2 Samuel about?<br><br>This book is about David ruling as king over Israel. He first ruled over the tribe of Judah for seven years. Then the other eleven tribes agreed to have him become their king. He ruled over all Israel for thirty-three years.<br><br>Throughout this time, David led his army to fight foreign enemies who attacked Israel. However, he struggled the most against someone in his own family. Absalom, his son, rebelled and fought against him ([2 Samuel 13-19](../13/01.md)).<br><br>The Book of 2 Samuel also tells about when David sinned greatly. He slept with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. When she became pregnant, David arranged for Uriah to be killed in battle. David and all Israel suffered much because of David’s sin. However, the writer also tells of Yahweh repeatedly showing David grace and love after David repented of his sin.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators can use the traditional title “2 Samuel,” or “Second Samuel.” Or translators may consider a clearer title such as “The Second Book about Samuel, Saul, and David.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel?<br><br>The Book of 2 Samuel begins where 1 Samuel ended. The writer continues to show how the tribes of Israel unite under the first kings of Israel. The Book of 2 Samuel centers around David as the king Yahweh chose to lead Israel.<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 2 Samuel?<br><br>It is uncertain who wrote 2 Samuel. It may have been someone alive soon after King Solomon died. When Solomon died, the kingdom of Israel split into two kingdoms. The author probably lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. A descendant of David continued to rule over the southern kingdom. The author may have written 2 Samuel to defend David’s right to be king. This would prove that David’s descendant was the rightful king of God’s people.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What covenant had its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel?<br><br>In 2 Samuel 7, Yahweh made a covenant with David. God promised to make a descendant of David rule forever over Israel. Christians believe that Jesus Christ fulfills this covenant. Jesus was a descendant of David. Jesus is the true “anointed one,” the person God chose to be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly?<br><br>David frequently refers to himself as “your servant” when he speaks to King Saul. He also calls Saul “my master.” Indirectly addressing a person in this way can be difficult to translate. It is intended to show that the speaker submits to the one being addressed. English sometimes uses the address “sir” or “ma’am” in this way.<br><br>### Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel?<br><br>The Book of 1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since 2 Samuel continues from where 1 Samuel ends.<br><br>### How is the name “Israel” used in the Bible?<br><br>The name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])<br><br>2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as “Israel.” However, these references appear in the narrative long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah indicate that the author wrote 2 Samuel at a time after the kingdoms split. (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/10.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/05.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/11.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/08.md); [2 Samuel 19:42-43](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)).
2SA	1	intro	la44			0		# 2 Samuel 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:19-27.<br><br>This chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David’s funeral song<br>David praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Synecdoche<br>David used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: “the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	1	1	q125	translate-names		0	Ziklag	This is the name of a city in the southern part of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	1	2	vci9	translate-ordinal		0	On the third day	“After three days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2SA	1	2	v6vv	translate-symaction		0	with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head	In this culture, tearing one’s own clothes and putting dirt on one’s head was an act of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	1	2	js3t	translate-symaction		0	he lay facedown on the ground and prostrated himself	This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	1	4	j45j			0	Many have fallen and many are dead	Possible meanings are (1) “Many were wounded and many were killed” or (2) “Many were wounded and killed.”
2SA	1	6	uks7			0	By chance I happened to be	This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul.
2SA	1	6	g386	figs-euphemism		0	Saul was leaning on his spear	Possible meanings are (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	1	8	x88n	figs-quotations		0	He said to me, ‘Who are you?’ I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’	These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2SA	1	8	nvy8			0	I am an Amalekite	These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](../01/01.md).
2SA	1	9	t8ly	figs-personification		0	great suffering has taken hold of me	Saul’s suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA	1	9	he7b	figs-idiom		0	life is still in me	This idiom means he is still alive. Alternate translation: “I am still alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	1	10	fh71			0	he would not live after he had fallen	“he would die anyway”
2SA	1	11	lzf2	translate-symaction		0	David tore his clothes…the men with him did the same	David and his men tore their clothes as a sign of mourning for the death of King Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	1	12	j5yt	figs-parallelism		0	for the people of Yahweh, and for the house of Israel	Both statements mean basically same thing. The word “house” is a metonym that represents the descendants of Israel. But, both “people” and “house” probably are a synecdoche representing the soldiers of Israel. Alternate translation: “for the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	1	12	v2al			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
2SA	1	12	h78c	figs-euphemism		0	they had fallen by the sword	Here “fallen” is a polite way of referring to being killed. Also, “sword” represents a battle. This here means “had been killed.” Alternate translation: “they had died in battle” or “enemies had killed them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	1	13	tje8			0	Where are you from?	The man had already stated that he is an Amalekite in [2 Samuel 1:8](../01/08.md). David apparently asks the man to confirm this because of the serious judgment that David was going to pronounce on the man.
2SA	1	14	f3mp	figs-rquestion		0	Why were you not afraid to kill Yahweh’s anointed…hand?	This rhetorical question is used to rebuke the man. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have feared Yahweh and not killed his anointed…hand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	1	14	gdq9			0	Yahweh’s anointed king	This refers to Saul.
2SA	1	14	llc8	figs-metonymy		0	with your own hand	This phrase refers to doing something yourself. Alternate translation: “yourself” or “personally” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	1	15	k3ww	figs-idiom		0	struck him down	This idiom means “killed him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	1	16	sv2e	figs-metonymy		0	Your blood is on your head	Here “blood” is a metonym that implies “shed blood” and is associated with death. Here “your head” is a synecdoche referring to the man and means that he is responsible. Alternate translation: “You are responsible for your own death” or “You have caused your own death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	1	16	e596	figs-synecdoche		0	your own mouth has testified against you	Here “your own mouth” refers to the man himself. Alternate translation: “you have testified against yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	1	17	k1zm			0	General Information:	David sings a song of mourning for Saul and Jonathan.
2SA	1	18	xw5d			0	Song of the Bow	This was the title of the song.
2SA	1	18	rz25	writing-background		0	which has been written in the Book of Jashar	This is background information added to tell the reader what happened to the song in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2SA	1	18	h5m5	translate-names		0	the Book of Jashar	The word “Jashar” means “upright.” Alternate translation: “the Book of the Upright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	1	19	bch8	figs-metonymy		0	Your glory, Israel, is dead	“Your glory” refers to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	1	19	luf3	figs-metonymy		0	the mighty	The phrase “the mighty” refers to both Saul and Jonathan. This nominal adjective is plural, and can be stated as “the mighty ones.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2SA	1	19	v53l	figs-euphemism		0	have fallen	The word “fallen” here means “died.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	1	20	as79	figs-parallelism		0	Do not tell it in Gath…do not proclaim it in the streets of Ashkelon	These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	1	20	new3			0	Gath…Ashkelon	Gath and Ashkelon are two of the Philistines’ major cities. The Philistines killed Saul and Jonathan.
2SA	1	20	m8lh	figs-parallelism		0	so that the daughters of the Philistines may not rejoice…so that the daughters of the uncircumcised may not celebrate	These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	1	20	kk6n	figs-metonymy		0	the daughters of the uncircumcised	This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh, such as the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	1	21	yma7	figs-apostrophe		0	Mountains of Gilboa	David speaks directly to the “Mountains of Gilboa” as if they were listening to his song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2SA	1	21	k9a4			0	let there not be dew or rain on you	David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul, who was God’s anointed king.
2SA	1	21	nbh3	figs-metonymy		0	the shield of the mighty was defiled	The “mighty” here refers to Saul. The shield was defiled because it fell on the ground, and because the king’s blood was shed on it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	1	21	bh3a			0	The shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil	Saul’s shield was made of leather. To care for the shield, it was rubbed with oil. Alternate translation: “No one will care for Saul’s shield anymore”
2SA	1	22	i5nk	figs-parallelism		0	From the blood of those who have been killed, from the bodies of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty	Saul and Jonathan are shown here to have been fierce and valiant warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	1	22	px2s	figs-personification		0	the sword of Saul did not return empty	Saul’s sword is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could return on its own. Rather than return empty, it was carrying the blood of Saul’s enemies that it killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2SA	1	23	zvc3			0	in their death they were not separated	The phrase “were not separated” is used to emphasize that they were always together. Alternate translation: “even in death they were together”
2SA	1	23	k29g	figs-metaphor		0	They were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.	Saul and Jonathan were spoken of as if they were faster than eagles and stronger than lions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	1	24	b7wi	figs-parallelism		0	who clothed you in scarlet as well as jewels, and who put ornaments of gold on your clothing	“who provided you nice clothes and jewelry.” These two phrases share similar meanings that describe providing the women with expensive, attractive clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	1	25	lw46			0	How the mighty have fallen in the midst of the battle	This phrase is repeated in verse 27 to emphasize that Israel’s best warriors are dead. Alternate translation: “The mighty men have died in battle”
2SA	1	25	s578	figs-nominaladj		0	the mighty	Here “mighty” is plural and may refer to only Saul and Jonathan, or to all of the soldiers of Israel. Alternate translation: “the mighty warriors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2SA	1	25	ap6l	figs-euphemism		0	have fallen	This is a polite way to say “have died.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	1	25	l3rx	figs-activepassive		0	Jonathan is killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has died in battle” or “The enemy has killed Jonathan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	1	25	i3z2	figs-apostrophe		0	on your high places	David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in [2 Samuel 1:21](../01/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2SA	1	26	eg6m			0	my brother Jonathan	Here “brother” is used in the sense of a very close friend.
2SA	1	26	l4ln			0	Your love to me was wonderful, exceeding the love of women	Here “love” is used in the sense of friendship and loyalty. Jonathan’s loyalty to David was even greater than the loyalty a woman has for her husband and children.
2SA	2	intro	k322			0		# 2 Samuel 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the civil war between Saul’s son and David.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Civil war<br>There was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Saul’s uncle (Abner) made Saul’s son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joab’s brother, but David’s army was victorious.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical question<br>Abner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to David’s army. “Must the sword devour forever?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	2	1	lt47			0	After this	“After David mourned the deaths of Saul and Jonathan in battle”
2SA	2	1	ncw1			0	go up to one of the cities of Judah	At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. David used the phrase “go up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Judah. Alternate translation: “travel to one of the cities of Judah”
2SA	2	2	x7ln			0	David went up with his two wives	At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. The narrator uses the phrase “went up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Hebron. Alternate translation: “David traveled to Hebron with his two wives”
2SA	2	4	jw8k	translate-symaction		0	anointed David king	In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	2	4	gc4b			0	the house of Judah	Here “house” is used in the sense of “tribe.” Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah”
2SA	2	4	h1l8	translate-names		0	Jabesh Gilead	This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	6	c5wi			0	General Information:	David speaks to the people of Jabesh Gilead.
2SA	2	6	jp9r			0	this thing	They buried Saul.
2SA	2	7	ss4u	figs-synecdoche		0	let your hands be strong	Here “hands” refers to the people of Jabesh Gilead. Alternate translation: “be strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	2	7	c3td	translate-symaction		0	anointed me king	In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	2	8	m5pw	translate-names		0	Ner…Ishbosheth	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	8	i3ah	translate-names		0	Mahanaim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	9	e9wt	translate-names		0	Gilead…Jezreel	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	10	fb37	figs-idiom		0	the house of Judah followed David	Obeying David’s rule is spoken of as “following” him. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah obeyed David as their king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	2	10	kz8s			0	house of Judah	Here “house” is used to mean “tribe.”
2SA	2	12	t3hi	translate-names		0	Abner…Ner…Ishbosheth…Saul	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	13	n2wn	translate-names		0	Zeruiah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	16	ni8p	figs-euphemism		0	they fell down together	This is a polite way of saying they died. Alternate translation: “they both died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	2	16	x416	translate-names		0	Helkath Hazzurim	This is a name given to remind people what happened there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	17	gm4c	figs-explicit		0	The battle was very severe that day	It may be helpful to explicitly state that this was the large battle that followed the contest of the young men. Alternate translation: “Then the others started to fight also. It was a very fierce battle that day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	2	18	smv9	translate-names		0	Zeruiah…Joab…Abishai…Asahel	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	18	n11n	figs-simile		0	Asahel was swift in his feet like a wild gazelle	Here Asahel is compared to a gazelle, an animal that runs very fast. Alternate translation: “Asahel could run very fast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	2	18	aak9			0	wild gazelle	This small, four-legged animal, with two long horns on its head, runs very fast.
2SA	2	19	mmf2	translate-names		0	Abner	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	19	j8wb			0	followed him without turning away in any direction	Here “without turning away” is stated in negative form to emphasize how closely he followed Abner’s path. Alternate translation: “followed him wherever he went”
2SA	2	20	jd6r	translate-names		0	Asahel	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	21	we6k			0	Turn aside to your right or to your left…turn aside	“Stop chasing me…stop chasing Abner”
2SA	2	21	ck9f	figs-euphemism		0	seize one of the young men and take his armor	Abner was asking Asahel to kill and plunder another younger soldier who would not be as dangerous as Abner. He did not want to kill Asahel. Alternate translation: “fight with another soldier and take his equipment as plunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	2	22	mpv8	figs-rquestion		0	Why should I strike you to the ground?	This rhetorical question is used to warn Asahel of the danger he faced. “Strike to the ground” is a polite way of saying “to kill.” Alternate translation: “I do not wish to kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	2	22	k44v	figs-rquestion		0	How then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother?	This rhetorical question emphasizes that Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it would destroy Abner’s relationship with Joab. Here “hold up my face to Joab” is an idiom that means that he would be too ashamed to look at Joab. Alternate translation: “I would be too ashamed to look at your brother, Joab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	2	23	y5pa			0	turn aside	This means to “halt” or “stop chasing.”
2SA	2	23	eb53	figs-explicit		0	the blunt end of his spear	This refers to the handle, which is not sharp or designed to pierce anything. It can be implied that Abner was only trying to stop Asahel from following him, and did not intend to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	2	24	dk79	translate-names		0	Abishai	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	24	ja3r	translate-names		0	hill of Ammah…Giah	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	26	w79x			0	Abner called	“Abner shouted” or “Abner yelled”
2SA	2	26	bju9	figs-rquestion		0	Must the sword devour forever?	This rhetorical question emphasizes that the battle had already continued too long. Here “sword” refers to the fighting. The killing in the battle is spoken of as if a wild animal was eating the soldiers. Alternate translation: “We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	2	26	ukm3	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not know it will be bitter in the end?	This rhetorical question is used to force Joab to acknowledge that continued fighting could only result in more suffering. Here “bitter” is a euphemism for the terrible suffering that would occur. Alternate translation: “You know very well that there will be a terrible result if this continues!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	2	26	e6un	figs-rquestion		0	How long will it be before you tell your men to stop pursuing their brothers?	This rhetorical question is intended to convince Joab to stop fighting their fellow Israelites. Here “brother” is used to represent the members of the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “Stop this now so that Israelites will not have to kill each other!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	2	27	yh65			0	Just as God lives	This is a very strong vow. Alternate translation: “With God as my witness” or “God will affirm that I mean what I say”
2SA	2	27	gze5	figs-hypo		0	if you had not said that…pursued their brothers until the morning	This hypothetical statement tells what might have happened if Abner had not spoken wisely to Joab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2SA	2	28	qt3n	figs-explicit		0	blew the trumpet	Trumpets were used to signal orders to the armies across great distances. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	2	28	zk88	figs-synecdoche		0	did not pursue Israel	Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “did not continue to chase the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	2	29	g9ir	translate-names		0	Arabah…Mahanaim	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	30	ju9l	translate-names		0	Asahel	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	2	31	e92j			0	360 men of Benjamin with Abner	“360 men from Benjamin who followed Abner.” Abner did not die.
2SA	2	31	qxt6	translate-numbers		0	360 men	“three hundred and sixty men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	2	31	d81h	figs-metonymy		0	of Benjamin	This phrase means “from the tribe of Benjamin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	2	32	e5xq			0	took up Asahel	“carried Asahel’s body with them”
2SA	2	32	pzw9			0	the day dawned on them at Hebron	“they arrived at Hebron by dawn the next morning”
2SA	3	intro	ka39			0		# 2 Samuel 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 3:33-34.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>David never wanted to hurt Saul’s family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed.
2SA	3	1	sq7q	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Samuel gives information about the war between David and the supporters of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2SA	3	1	u6f1			0	house	Here “house” is used to mean “supporters.”
2SA	3	1	lag1	figs-metaphor		0	grew stronger and stronger	This metaphor means the number of people supporting David increased. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	3	1	dju3	figs-metaphor		0	grew weaker and weaker	This metaphor means the number of people supporting Saul’s family decreased. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	3	2	w7d8	figs-activepassive		0	Sons were born to David	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David’s wives gave birth to six sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	3	2	q2r6	translate-names		0	Ahinoam	This is the name of a woman, a wife of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	3	j96y	translate-numbers		0	second son…third	These two sons were born after the “firstborn” (verse 2). This is the numerical order of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	3	3	hxl2	translate-names		0	Abigail…Maacah	These are women’s names. They are the wives of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	3	hy1j	translate-names		0	Kileab…Nabal…Talmai	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	4	m8yp	translate-numbers		0	fourth son…fifth son	This is the numerical order of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	3	4	d5td	translate-names		0	Adonijah…Shephatiah	These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	4	ai9y	translate-names		0	Haggith…Abital	These are names of David’s wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	5	nky8	translate-numbers		0	the sixth	This is the numerical order of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	3	5	n4tz	translate-names		0	Ithream	This is the name of one of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	5	ujk6	translate-names		0	Eglah	This is the name of one of David’s wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	6	vrd9	writing-newevent		0	It came about	This introduces a new event in the story of the struggle between David’s supporters and Saul’s family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	3	6	n8iu			0	house of Saul	This refers to Saul’s family and supporters who assumed control of his estate after he died.
2SA	3	6	fu4e			0	house of David	This refers to the supporters of David.
2SA	3	6	ahk2	figs-metaphor		0	Abner made himself strong in the house of Saul	Abner’s increasing power over Saul’s family is spoken of as if he became physically stronger. Alternate translation: “Abner gained more power over the family and supporters of Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	3	7	wnw6	translate-names		0	Rizpah…Aiah	These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	7	nvs7	translate-names		0	Ishbosheth	This is a male name, a son of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	7	y6er	figs-rquestion		0	Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine?	Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. Alternate translation: “You did not have the right to go in to father’s concubine!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	3	7	x31p	figs-euphemism		0	gone in to	This is a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	3	8	jcd6	figs-rquestion		0	Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah?	This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	3	8	rjr7	figs-metaphor		0	Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah?	Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here “belongs to Judah” implies that Abner’s loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul’s house. Alternate translation: “Am I a traitor for Judah?” or “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	8	jb39	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand of David	Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	8	lub9	figs-rquestion		0	But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman?	Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. Possible meanings are (1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or (2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	3	9	a45s			0	May God do so to me…and more also, if I do not	This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if I do not”
2SA	3	10	h7qr			0	the house of Saul	Here “house” refers to Saul’s family and supporters who survived Saul’s death. Alternate translation: “the family and supporters of Saul”
2SA	3	10	m8b2	figs-metonymy		0	throne of David	This phrase refers to the authority of David as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	12	y24c	translate-textvariants		0	to David	Some versions add “when he was at Hebron” and others do not. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
2SA	3	12	alc7	figs-rquestion		0	Whose land is this?	The original text of this question is not clear. Possible meanings are (1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. Alternate translation: “This land is mine!” or (2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: Alternate translation: “This land rightfully belongs to you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	3	12	mm4s	figs-metonymy		0	my hand is with you	Here “hand” represents Abner’s assistance that he is offering to David. Alternate translation: “I will assist you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	13	r77z	figs-synecdoche		0	you cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal	David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here “face” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	3	13	mks3	translate-names		0	Michal	This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was David’s first wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	14	x49c	translate-numbers		0	one hundred Philistine foreskins	This represents the number of men David killed so that Saul would allow him to marry Michal. These men are represented here by their “foreskins.” The “foreskin” is the fold of skin that covers the male reproductive organ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	3	15	ch63	figs-explicit		0	took her from her husband	Paltiel was Michal’s second husband. Saul gave her to him after David fled from Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	3	15	z1ti	translate-names		0	Paltiel…Laish	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	16	uhj7	translate-names		0	Bahurim	This is the name of a village. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	18	js5z			0	Now do it	“So now make David your king”
2SA	3	18	iac5	figs-metonymy		0	By the hand of my servant David	Here “hand” refers to David’s power to defeat the Philistines. Alternate translation: “I will empower my servant David and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	18	c3te	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of the Philistines	Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	18	d2l2	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of all their enemies	Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of all of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	19	qv92	figs-metonymy		0	the people of Benjamin…the whole house of Benjamin	Both of these statements refer to the descendants of Benjamin, who were one of the tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	20	bp1a	translate-numbers		0	twenty of his men	The number of men who came with Abner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	3	21	k2bu	figs-metonymy		0	all Israel	This phrase means “all of the nation of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	21	ej77			0	So David sent Abner away	They parted as friends. David was not angry with Abner.
2SA	3	22	x15t			0	plunder	These are items taken from the enemy.
2SA	3	22	c54e			0	Abner was not with David in Hebron	Abner had already left to return home.
2SA	3	23	e26m			0	they told Joab	“someone told Joab”
2SA	3	23	d2r8	translate-names		0	Ner	This is a man’s name. He is the grandfather of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	24	nzs6	figs-rquestion		0	What have you done?	Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner go in peace. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	3	24	ia9h	figs-rquestion		0	Why have you sent him away, and he is gone?	Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abner was here and you let him leave!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	3	25	c3xz	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not know…everything you are doing?	Joab asks this question to convince David that Abner is plotting against David. Alternate translation: “Surely you know…everything you are doing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	3	26	v16b	translate-names		0	well of Sirah	“Sirah” is the name of a place where the well was located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	27	w3m9			0	the middle of the gate	This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron. As the UST implies, city gates were constructed as part of buildings set into the city walls. Inside the passageway were doors leading to side rooms, where guests could be received and business and judicial proceedings could be conducted. It was probably in one of these rooms that Joab murdered Abner.
2SA	3	27	us2y	figs-metonymy		0	the blood of Asahel	Here “blood” is associated with the death of Asahel. Alternate translation: “the death of Asahel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	27	fbb9	translate-names		0	Asahel	This is the name of a male person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	28	esw1	figs-metonymy		0	the blood of Abner	Here “blood” refers to violent death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 3:27](../03/27.md). Alternate translation: “the death of Abner” or “the murder of Abner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	28	kq45	translate-names		0	Ner	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	29	h3l1	figs-metaphor		0	fall on the head of Joab and on all his father’s house	This phrase means the results of the guilt will happen to Joab and his family as if something heavy had collapsed on them. Alternate translation: “always cause suffering for Joab and for all his father’s house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	3	29	vz8z	figs-metonymy		0	all his father’s house	Here “house” refers to descendants. Alternate translation: “all the descendants of Joab’s father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	29	l3jd	figs-metonymy		0	May there never fail to be	This double negative emphasizes that there will always be someone with the problems listed. Alternate translation: “May there always be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	29	lvn8	figs-metonymy		0	is killed by the sword	Here “sword” refers to violent death. Alternate translation: “dies violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	29	wgz1			0	goes without food	“is hungry”
2SA	3	30	x1zu	translate-names		0	Abishai…Asahel	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	31	g9pr	translate-symaction		0	Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth	These were symbolic actions to demonstrate their grief and sadness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	3	32	d6g4	figs-doublet		0	The king wept and cried loudly	The words “wept” and “cried loudly” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much David mourned for Abner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2SA	3	33	aq3l	figs-rquestion		0	Should Abner die as a fool dies?	This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that his death was not fair. Alternate translation: “Abner should not have died in disgrace!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	3	34	b11c	figs-parallelism		0	Your hands were not bound. Your feet were not shackled	These two sentences express similar ideas. They can be combined into one sentence. Alternate translation: “You were in no way a criminal in prison” or “You were completely innocent of doing wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	3	34	ni42	figs-activepassive		0	Your hands were not bound	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one had tied your hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	3	34	uia7	figs-activepassive		0	Your feet were not shackled	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one had attached your feet to chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	3	34	im2l	figs-metonymy		0	the sons of injustice	This refers to people who are unjust or wicked. Alternate translation: “wicked men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	3	35	zt2v	figs-hyperbole		0	All the people came	This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. Alternate translation: “Many people came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	3	35	s8g2			0	May God do so to me, and more also, if	This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if”
2SA	3	37	ax2q	translate-names		0	Ner	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	38	z5pr	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel?	This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.” It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	3	38	wxn9	figs-hendiadys		0	a prince and a great man	These two phrases both refer to Abner. Alternate translation: “a great prince” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2SA	3	39	e6ux	translate-names		0	Zeruiah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	3	39	bw2y			0	are too brutal	“are too much like animals” or “are too violent”
2SA	4	intro	hm82			0		# 2 Samuel 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>While the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (1-4).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David and Ishbosheth<br>David never sought revenge against Saul’s family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheth’s room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>When two men brought Ishbosheth’s head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: “should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])
2SA	4	1	jmf8	translate-names		0	Ishbosheth	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	4	1	jnb3	figs-synecdoche		0	his hands became weak	In this phrase “his hands” represents Ishbosheth himself. Alternate translation: “Ishbosheth became weak” or “Ishbosheth lost all strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	4	2	zhe1	translate-names		0	Baanah…Recab…Rimmon	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	4	2	uag2	writing-participants		0	Now Saul’s son had two men	This introduces the men Baanah and Rechab into the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
2SA	4	2	d6gi	writing-background		0	for Beeroth is also considered part of Benjamin	Here the author begins to provide background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2SA	4	2	c93q	translate-names		0	Beeroth	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	4	3	uyh4	writing-background		0	and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have been living there until this very time	Here the author finishes providing background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2SA	4	3	qq9m	translate-names		0	Gittaim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	4	4	th4j	writing-background		0	General Information:	This verse pauses the main story to provide background information about Mephibosheth, a descendent of Saul through Jonathan instead of through Ishbosheth. Mephibosheth will become an important character later in the book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
2SA	4	4	rav8			0	crippled in his feet	This phrase means “unable to walk.”
2SA	4	4	as76	translate-numbers		0	five years old	This was the age of Jonathan’s son at the time of his father’s death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	4	4	d8qr			0	the news about Saul and Jonathan	This refers to the news about their death.
2SA	4	4	zj2w			0	nurse	This is a woman or girl who is hired to care for young children.
2SA	4	4	hwu8			0	became lame	This explains how Mephibosheth was injured so he was unable to walk.
2SA	4	4	xl1z	translate-names		0	Mephibosheth	This is the name of Jonathan’s young son, the grandson of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	4	5	rr92			0	General Information:	The story returns to the actions of Rechab and Baanah who were introduced in [2 Samuel 4:2](./02.md).
2SA	4	5	f4qv			0	the heat of the day	the middle of the day, the part of the day when it is the hottest
2SA	4	6	g8pb			0	sifting wheat	“cleaning chaff from wheat”
2SA	4	8	n1gd	figs-idiom		0	sought your life	This idiom means “was trying to kill you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	4	9	c7l9	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	This is one of the strongest oaths David could swear, as Yahweh is the witness. Alternate translation: “I swear on the life of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	4	9	qe3v	figs-synecdoche		0	who delivered my life	Here “life” refers to David himself. This means that Yahweh has kept David alive. Alternate translation: “who rescued me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	4	11	ve2r	figs-rquestion		0	How much more…should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?	This question is used to show that the men had committed an especially serious crime. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are even more guilty! It is my duty to require his blood from your hand and to remove you from the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	4	11	pl52	figs-metonymy		0	require his blood from your hand	The phrase “his blood” represents the life of Ishbosheth. Here “from your hand” represents Rechab and Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, introduced in [2 Samuel 4:5](./05.md). Alternate translation: “hold you responsible for the death of Ishbosheth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	4	12	b1ep	translate-symaction		0	cut off their hands and feet and hung them up	These were symbolic actions to show contempt for the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	4	12	a16g	translate-symaction		0	they took the head of Ishbosheth and buried it in the grave	This was a symbolic act to honor Ishbosheth. This could be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “they honored Ishbosheth by burying his head in the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	5	intro	jv2a			0		# 2 Samuel 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This records the beginning of the kingdom’s expansion.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David conquers Jerusalem<br>David brought the combined army to Jerusalem and conquered it by going in through the water shaft. He enlarged the city and strengthened the defenses, and made it his capital. Jerusalem is an important place in the plans of God.<br><br>### David consulting God<br>David always consulted God before fighting a battle. The Philistines invaded Israel trying to capture David. David asked God if he should attack the Philistines, and God said yes; so he defeated them. They invaded again and God told him to attack them from the rear and he defeated them again.
2SA	5	1	qs6r	figs-idiom		0	we are your flesh and bone	This phrase means “a relative.” Alternate translation: “we are related to you” or “we are of the same family” - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	5	2	h5dx	writing-background		0	In the recent past	This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2SA	5	2	fr5e	figs-parallelism		0	You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become ruler over Israel	These two clauses mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh had chosen David to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	5	2	rcd5	figs-metaphor		0	You will shepherd my people Israel	Here ruling over the people is spoken of as shepherding them. Alternate translation: “You will care for my people Israel” or “You will rule over my people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	5	3	ep1q	translate-symaction		0	They anointed David king over Israel	To “anoint” is a symbolic act to show that they recognized that God had chosen David as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	5	6	w24t			0	General Information:	David and the army of Israel attack Jerusalem.
2SA	5	6	j73y			0	You will not come here except to be turned away by the blind and the lame	This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “If you come here, even the blind and the lame will be able to turn you away”
2SA	5	6	m16b	figs-nominaladj		0	the blind and the lame	Here “the blind” and “the lame” are nominal adjectives. Alternate translation: “those people who cannot see and those who cannot walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2SA	5	8	c5p9			0	David said, “Those who attack the Jebusites	David was speaking to his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David said to his soldiers, ‘Those who want to get rid of the Jebus people”
2SA	5	8	z3vc	figs-metonymy		0	The ‘blind and the lame’	Possible meanings are (1) this refers to people who are truly lame and blind or (2) this is a metonym that speaks about the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem as if they were all weak and handicapped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	5	11	m9gy	translate-names		0	Hiram	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	5	11	fv7z			0	carpenters	those who work with wood
2SA	5	11	s2rm			0	masons	those who work with stone or brick
2SA	5	13	d3s6	figs-activepassive		0	more sons and daughters were born to him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he had more sons and daughters” or “they bore him more sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	5	14	fcd9	translate-names		0	Shammua…Shobab…Nathan…Solomon	These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	5	14	lw16	figs-activepassive		0	who were born to him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that his wives bore for him” or “he had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	5	15	t2yz	translate-names		0	Ibhar…Elishua…Nepheg…Japhia	These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	5	16	xzm3	translate-names		0	Elishama…Eliada…Eliphelet	These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	5	17	y7vu	figs-activepassive		0	David had been anointed as king over Israel	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Israel had anointed David as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	5	17	w75r	figs-hyperbole		0	they all went out looking for him	Here “all” is a generalization that means the Philistine army. Alternate translation: “the Philistine army went looking for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	5	18	f39y	translate-names		0	Valley of Rephaim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	5	20	sm5p	translate-names		0	Baal Perazim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	5	20	n37i	figs-simile		0	Yahweh has burst through my enemies before me like a bursting flood of water	Here David speaks of the victory that Yahweh brought as if it were a flood of water that overflowed its banks and covered the land, causing destruction. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has overwhelmed my enemies like a flood overwhelms the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	5	22	ipp2			0	the Philistines came up again	They “came up” because the Philistines lived at a lower elevation than David’s stronghold.
2SA	5	22	u2gr	translate-names		0	Valley of Rephaim	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	5	23	lzk7	translate-names		0	balsam woods	“Balsam” here is a type of tree, and the “woods” describe many balsam trees growing together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	5	24	vp29	figs-123person		0	When you hear…Yahweh will have gone out before you to attack the army of the Philistines	This is the continuation of Yahweh’s instruction to David that began in [2 Samuel 5:23](../05/23.md). Yahweh here speaks of himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2SA	5	24	ccz2	figs-metaphor		0	When you hear the sound of marching in the wind blowing through the balsam treetops	This speaks of the sound of the leaves rustling as wind blows through them as if it were the sound of marching. Alternate translation: “When the wind blowing through the tops of the balsam trees sounds like men marching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	5	25	z8t1	translate-names		0	Geba…Gezer	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	6	intro	aen5			0		# 2 Samuel 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Bringing the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem<br>David organized a procession with many musical instruments to bring the ark to Jerusalem. They put it on a cart; but when the oxen stumbled, Uzzah reached out to steady it so it would not fall. God killed him for touching the ark. David was angry at God for killing Uzzah and was afraid to bring the ark any further. Uzzah died because the ark was perfectly holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Dancing<br>David danced for joy in front of the ark. His wife, Michal, criticized David for uncovering himself as he danced, but David did not care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/joy]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Irony<br>Michal criticized David by using irony: “How honored the king of Israel was today, who undressed himself today before the eyes of the slave girls among his servants, like one of the crude fellows who shamelessly undresses himself!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2SA	6	1	prk3			0	Now	This word marks a new part of the story.
2SA	6	1	dz26	figs-metonymy		0	all the chosen men of Israel	This metonym represents the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	6	1	f7cl	translate-numbers		0	thirty thousand	“30,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	6	2	bci3	figs-explicit		0	from Baalah in Judah to bring up from there the ark of God	It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from Baalah in Judah to take to Jerusalem the ark of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	6	2	vy3h			0	to bring up from there the ark of God	Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it.
2SA	6	2	jrd4	figs-go		0	to bring up	The word “bring” can be translated as “take.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2SA	6	2	t6ln	translate-names		0	Baalah	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	6	2	pkw6			0	which is called by the name of Yahweh of hosts	Yahweh’s name was written on the ark.
2SA	6	2	ima6	figs-explicit		0	who sits enthroned over the cherubim	You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	6	2	ae72			0	enthroned	to sit on a throne
2SA	6	3	y6lf			0	General Information:	David and the army of the nation of Israel move the ark of the covenant.
2SA	6	3	b2eb	translate-names		0	Abinadab…Uzzah…Ahio	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	6	5	h1vh	figs-metonymy		0	all the house of Israel	This metonym represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the other Israelites with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	6	5	g4xk	translate-unknown		0	tambourines	A tambourine is a musical instrument like the head of a drum with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken or hit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2SA	6	5	tc14	translate-unknown		0	rattles	musical instruments with many small, hard objects inside a hard shell, making rhythmic noise when shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2SA	6	5	d3bq	translate-unknown		0	cymbals	two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2SA	6	6	ju6g	translate-names		0	Nakon	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	6	7	yht6	figs-metaphor		0	anger of Yahweh burned	Here the “anger of Yahweh” is spoken of as if it were fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	6	7	b8dy	figs-explicit		0	for his sin	It was a sin for Uzzah to touch the ark because Yahweh had commanded that no one should touch the ark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	6	8	e8lq	translate-names		0	Perez Uzzah	This is the name of a place. Translator may add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Perez Uzzah’ means ‘the punishment of Uzzah.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	6	8	tqy3			0	to this day	This means to the time when this was being written, not to the present time in the twenty-first century.
2SA	6	9	yx34	figs-rquestion		0	How can the ark of Yahweh come to me?	David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	6	10	qjd6	translate-names		0	Obed Edom the Gittite	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	6	11	a4fg			0	blessed him	Here “him” refers to Obed Edom the Gittite.
2SA	6	12	kg8i			0	Now	This word starts a new part of the story.
2SA	6	12	j7ru	figs-activepassive		0	King David was told	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people told King David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	6	12	tg1q	figs-metonymy		0	Obed Edom’s house	Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “Obed Edom and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	6	12	tke4			0	brought up the ark of God	Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. Alternate translation: “moved the ark of God” or “took the ark of God”
2SA	6	12	d195	figs-go		0	brought up	The word “brought” can be translated as “took.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2SA	6	14	m97q			0	David danced before Yahweh with all his might	Dancing here is a form of joyfully worshiping Yahweh.
2SA	6	14	ubu5			0	linen	a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant
2SA	6	15	td5n	figs-metonymy		0	all the house of Israel	Here “house” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the other Israelites with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	6	16	qn6w			0	Now…in her heart	The word “Now” marks a break in the story line. Here the narrator gives information about Michal.
2SA	6	16	jz44			0	Michal	Michal was the daughter of King Saul and also David’s first wife. See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/13.md).
2SA	6	16	tjm7	figs-metonymy		0	she despised him in her heart	Here “heart” represents thoughts or emotions. Alternate translation: “she looked at him with disdain” or “she sneered at him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	6	16	b6w2			0	before Yahweh	“to Yahweh”
2SA	6	18	k4ta	figs-metonymy		0	he blessed the people in the name of Yahweh of hosts	To bless “in the name of Yahweh of hosts” means to bless with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	6	19	m8cs			0	cake of raisins	a baked sweet bread made with dried grapes
2SA	6	20	k14x	figs-go		0	came out	Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2SA	6	20	jd22	figs-irony		0	How honored the king of Israel was today	This is an ironic statement. Michal means the opposite of what she said, and she does not believe David acted honorably. Michal speaks disrespectfully to King David about his dancing attire and behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2SA	6	20	nsq4	figs-synecdoche		0	before the eyes of the slave girls	Here “eyes of the slave girls” represents the slave girls. Alternate translation: “in front of the slave girls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	6	20	b7au			0	crude fellows	Michal is comparing David to vulgar and foolish men.
2SA	6	21	pz59	figs-you		0	who chose me above your father	Here “your” refers to Michal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2SA	6	21	a36n	figs-doublet		0	over the people of Yahweh, over Israel	Here “the people of Yahweh” and “Israel” mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2SA	6	22	run9	figs-irony		0	I will be even more undignified than this	David is being ironic and means the opposite of what he said. He does not believe what he did was actually undignified or that his actions in the future will be undignified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2SA	6	22	y1pu	figs-metonymy		0	I will be humiliated in my own eyes	Here “in my own eyes” represents what a person considers or thinks about something. Alternate translation: “I will consider myself humiliated” or “I will consider myself a fool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	6	22	ifj3	figs-activepassive		0	But by these slave girls you have spoken about, I will be honored	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But the slave girls of whom you have spoken will honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	6	23	cjq6			0	had no children to the day of her death	“was never able to bear any children”
2SA	7	intro	c6fb			0		# 2 Samuel 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the finishing of a small interruption about the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>David wanted to honor God by building him a temple. God told David that he would not build it, but his son would build it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### Covenant of David<br>God made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David’s descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
2SA	7	1	cu7z	writing-newevent		0	It happened	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	7	1	r5ag	figs-abstractnouns		0	given him rest from all his surrounding enemies	“given him safety from all his surrounding enemies.” Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “caused the enemy people groups to stop attacking Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA	7	2	chf8	figs-explicit		0	I am living in a house of cedar	Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. If you have an equivalent type of tree in your culture, you can use that name, otherwise you can reword this. Alternate translation: “I am living in a strong, permanent house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	7	2	uvh3	figs-explicit		0	the ark of God is staying in the middle of a tent	Tents are temporary dwellings. If you do not have tents in your culture, you can word this differently. Alternate translation: “the ark of God is staying in a temporary place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	7	3	q2im	figs-metonymy		0	do what is in your heart	Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “do what you think you should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	3	aw2n	figs-idiom		0	for Yahweh is with you	Here “with you” means God is helping and blessing David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	7	4	l5r9	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to Nathan, saying:	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Nathan. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Nathan:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	7	5	ebh5			0	Go and tell David my servant, ‘This is what Yahweh says: Will you build me a house in which to live?	This is the beginning of a quotation that contains quotations within it.
2SA	7	5	kj3l	figs-rquestion		0	Will you build me a house in which to live?	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that David is not the one to build a house for Yahweh. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not build a house for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	7	5	j3s5			0	build me a house	Here “house” means a temple. In 7:11 Yahweh will say that he will build a house for David. There “house” means a family. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:11.
2SA	7	7	t5dj	figs-quotesinquotes		0	did I ever say anything to any of Israel’s leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, saying, “Why have you not built me a house of cedar?”	This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “did I ever ask any of Israel’s leaders, whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, why they had not built me a house of cedar?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2SA	7	7	azt9	figs-rquestion		0	did I ever say anything to any of Israel’s leaders	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he never asked any of Israel’s leaders to build him a house. Alternate translation: “I never said anything to any of Israel’s leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	7	7	vnx2	figs-metaphor		0	whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel	Those who are leaders of the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people were sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	7	7	kek6	figs-rquestion		0	Why have you not built me a house of cedar?	If Yahweh had asked the leaders this question, he would have been using a question to scold them for not building him a house of cedar. But, Yahweh said previously that he did not ask them this question. Alternate translation: “You should have built me a house of cedar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	7	8	k8e3			0	General Information:	Yahweh describes his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
2SA	7	8	knq9			0	Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2SA	7	8	xsx1	figs-quotesinquotes		0	tell my servant David, ‘This is what Yahweh of hosts says: I took you…so that you would be ruler over my people Israel.	This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST. Alternate translation: “tell my servant David that I took him…so that he would be ruler over my people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2SA	7	8	fe6g			0	tell my servant David	Yahweh is still telling the prophet Nathan what he should tell David.
2SA	7	8	dae2	figs-metonymy		0	I took you from the pasture	David’s job as a shepherd is referred to by the place he watched his sheep. Alternate translation: “I took you from your job as a shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	9	euh7	figs-quotesinquotes		0	I have been with you wherever you went. I have cut off all your enemies from before you. Now I will make your name great, like the names of the great ones of the earth	This continues the quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST. Alternate translation: “I have been with him wherever he went. I have cut off all his enemies from before him. Now I will make his name great, like the name of the great ones of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2SA	7	9	arz6	figs-idiom		0	I have been with you	Here “with you” means that Yahweh has helped and blessed David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	7	9	pbz4	figs-metaphor		0	I have cut off all your enemies	Yahweh destroying David’s enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh cut them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	7	9	g9f5	figs-metonymy		0	make your name great	Here “name” represents a person’s reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	9	vtf6			0	the great ones	The phrase “great ones” means famous persons.
2SA	7	10	l6jj			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
2SA	7	10	k1yc			0	I will appoint a place	“I will choose a place”
2SA	7	10	etx1	figs-metaphor		0	will plant them there	Yahweh causing the people to live in the land permanently and securely is spoken of as if he would plant them in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	7	10	kax4	figs-activepassive		0	be troubled no more	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will ever trouble them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	7	11	wxh3			0	from the days	“from the time”
2SA	7	11	d6c8			0	I commanded judges	After the people of Israel entered the land of Canaan and before they had kings to rule them, God appointed leaders called “judges” to lead them in times of trouble.
2SA	7	11	gat9	figs-idiom		0	to be over my people Israel	To be in authority is referred to as being over someone. Alternate translation: “to rule my people Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	7	11	cyy5	figs-quotesinquotes		0	Now I will give you rest from all your enemies…declare to you that I will make you a house	If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “him” or “his.” Alternate translation: “Now I will give him rest from all his enemies…declare to him that I will make him a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2SA	7	11	a1aw	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will give you rest from all your enemies	“I will give you safety from all your enemies.” Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I will make all your enemies stop attacking you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA	7	11	ax6w	figs-metonymy		0	I will make you a house	Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md) Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There “house” represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	12	ap2z			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
2SA	7	12	bvq2	figs-parallelism		0	When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers	These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. They both are polite ways to refer to death and dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	7	12	zh5i	figs-metaphor		0	I will raise up a descendant after you	Yahweh appointing David’s descendant is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift him up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	7	12	n1u2	figs-idiom		0	one who will come out from your body	This is an idiom that means the person will be David’s descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	7	12	wn76	figs-metonymy		0	I will establish his kingdom	Here “his kingdom” represents his power to rule. Alternate translation: “I will make him to be a very powerful king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	13	rz89	figs-metonymy		0	a house for my name	Here “name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a permanent dwelling for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	13	nmu3	figs-metonymy		0	I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever	Here “throne” represents the person’s power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “I will make his rule over Israel to last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	14	n2sv			0	I will be a father to him, and he will be my son	The prophecy in 7:12-14 refers to Solomon, David’s son. But, aspects of the prophecy will be fulfilled by Jesus. So, here it is best to translate the words “father” and “son” with your normal words for a biological father and son.
2SA	7	15	hg5v			0	General Information:	Yahweh finishes describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
2SA	7	15	h75j	figs-abstractnouns		0	But my covenant faithfulness will not leave him, as I took it from Saul	The word “faithfulness” is an abstract noun that can be stated as “faithfully loving.” Alternate translation: “I will never stop faithfully loving him as I stopped loving Saul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA	7	15	a6sg	figs-quotations		0	from before you	If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “David” or “him” or “his” as in the UST. Alternate translation: “from before David. David’s house…before him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2SA	7	16	q3bd	figs-quotations		0	Your house…before you. Your throne	If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “David” or “him” or “his” as in the UST. Alternate translation: “David’s house…before him. His throne” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2SA	7	16	t2rk	figs-parallelism		0	Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you. Your throne will be established forever.	These two sentences have similar meanings and emphasize that David’s dynasty will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	7	16	y1vv	figs-doublet		0	Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you	Here the word “house” represents David’s descendants, who will rule as kings. Here “kingdom” means about the same thing as “house.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will live to see me establish your family and their rule over the people of Israel forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	7	16	bu2w	figs-activepassive		0	Your throne will be established forever	Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “I will cause your descendants to rule over Israel forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	7	17	mei7			0	all these words	“all these things.” This refers to what Yahweh had said.
2SA	7	17	m93t			0	he told him about the entire vision	“he told him about everything Yahweh revealed to him”
2SA	7	18	nf24	figs-rquestion		0	Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point?	David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	7	19	tj8j	figs-metaphor		0	in your sight	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	7	19	r9in	figs-123person		0	your servant’s family	Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2SA	7	19	uvu1	figs-metaphor		0	for a great while to come	This speaks about time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “and what will happen to them in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	7	19	btd7	figs-123person		0	your servant	Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2SA	7	20	sd87	figs-rquestion		0	What more can I, David, say to you?	David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is nothing more I can say to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	7	21	d51g			0	For your word’s sake	“Because of what you promised to do”
2SA	7	21	wy8w			0	to fulfill your own purpose	“to accomplish what you planned to do”
2SA	7	21	mia3	figs-123person		0	to your servant	David refers to himself as “your servant.” It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2SA	7	22	s9d3	figs-idiom		0	as we have heard with our own ears	The phrase “with our own ears” is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “as we ourselves have heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	7	22	eu9y	figs-exclusive		0	as we have heard	Here “we” refers to David and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2SA	7	23	gt3c	figs-rquestion		0	What nation is like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself?	David uses a question emphasize that there is no other nation like Israel. Alternate translation: “There is no nation like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	7	23	u6gx	figs-metonymy		0	to make a name for yourself	Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “to make all people know who you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	23	gpj6	figs-metonymy		0	for your land	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “for your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	23	y68y	figs-metonymy		0	You drove out nations	Here “nations” represents the people groups that were living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	24	hmw1			0	General Information:	David continues to talk to Yahweh.
2SA	7	25	s7y8			0	So now	Here “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2SA	7	25	wp22	figs-activepassive		0	may the promise that you made concerning your servant and his family be established forever	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “may you do what you promised to me and my family, and may your promise never change” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	7	25	i7rz	figs-123person		0	your servant and his family	David is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “me and my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2SA	7	26	yq4v	figs-metonymy		0	May your name be forever great	Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	26	tv8x	figs-metonymy		0	the house of me, David, your servant	Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	26	r53a	figs-activepassive		0	is established before you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is secure because of you” or “continues because of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	7	27	i375	figs-123person		0	to your servant that you will build him a house	David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “to me that you will build me a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2SA	7	27	l4yn	figs-metonymy		0	that you will build him a house	Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md) Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There “house” represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	27	fs5t	figs-metonymy		0	house	Here “house” represents David’s family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	7	28	ie54			0	Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2SA	7	28	pvq1			0	your words are trustworthy	“I trust what you say”
2SA	7	29	n6ik	figs-activepassive		0	with your blessing your servant’s house will be blessed forever	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will continue to bless my family forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	7	29	k3a5	figs-123person		0	your servant’s house	Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “my house” or “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2SA	8	intro	hc4j			0		# 2 Samuel 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter returns to the theme of the expansion of David’s kingdom.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God enabled victory<br>God enabled David to conquer all the surrounding nations. Much of the loot and tribute David received, he saved for the temple that his son would build.
2SA	8	1	drj7	figs-synecdoche		0	David attacked	Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	8	2	xbr2	figs-synecdoche		0	Then he defeated	Here “he” refers to David who represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Then they defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	8	2	tcx6			0	measured their men with a line…He measured off two lines to put to death, and one full line to keep alive	Here the “line” is a “rope.” David had the soldiers lie down on the ground to be measured and sorted into three groups. The men in two groups were killed, and in the third, they were allowed to live.
2SA	8	3	r73a	figs-synecdoche		0	David then defeated Hadadezer	Here both “David” and “Hadadezer” represent their armies. Alternate translation: “David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	8	3	y7af	translate-names		0	Hadadezer…Rehob	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	8	3	met2	translate-names		0	Zobah	This is the name of a region in Aram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	8	3	r3d2			0	to recover his rule	“to regain control over a region” or “to recapture a region”
2SA	8	4	f43e	translate-numbers		0	1,700 chariots	“one thousand seven hundred chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	8	4	d1te	translate-numbers		0	twenty thousand footmen	“20,000 footmen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	8	4	cc6y			0	David hamstrung	This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run.
2SA	8	4	b5pr			0	reserved enough	“set aside enough” or “saved enough”
2SA	8	4	izr7	translate-numbers		0	a hundred chariots	“100 chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	8	5	u7vw	figs-synecdoche		0	David killed	Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	8	5	il6u	translate-numbers		0	twenty-two thousand Aramean men	“22,000 Aramean men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	8	6	ph45			0	put garrisons in Aram	“ordered large groups of his soldiers to remain in Aram”
2SA	8	7	ft9e	figs-metonymy		0	David took	Here “David” is probably a metonym for his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David’s soldiers took” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	8	8	qtw6	figs-metonymy		0	King David took	Here “David” is probably a metonym for his soldiers. Alternate translation: “King David’s soldiers took” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	8	8	nu2q	translate-names		0	Tebah and Berothai	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	8	9	t4en	translate-names		0	Tou	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	8	9	le1q	translate-names		0	Hamath	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	8	9	l3de	figs-synecdoche		0	David had defeated	Here “David” is a metonym for his army. Alternate translation: “David’s army had defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	8	10	yiq3	translate-names		0	Tou…Hadoram	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	8	12	cjj3			0	and Amalek	“and the Amalekites”
2SA	8	12	d7vv			0	the plundered goods	These are the valuable items that soldiers take from the people they defeated.
2SA	8	12	z5x6			0	Hadadezer son of Rehob, the king of Zobah	See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 8:3](../08/03.md).
2SA	8	13	hrc2	figs-metonymy		0	David’s name was well known	Here “name” refers to David’s reputation. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David was very famous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	8	13	c9s7	translate-names		0	Valley of Salt	This is the name of a place. Its exact location is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	8	13	th6r	translate-numbers		0	eighteen thousand men	“18,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	8	14	gc6u			0	He placed garrisons throughout all of Edom	“He ordered groups of his soldiers to remain in areas throughout all of Edom”
2SA	8	16	r8xj			0	Joab…Zeruiah	See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
2SA	8	16	d81q	figs-explicit		0	Ahilud was recorder	A recorder was a person who spoke to the people and told them the king’s announcements. Alternate translation: “Ahilud was the herald” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	8	16	nig1	translate-names		0	Ahilud	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	8	17	k3p5	translate-names		0	Ahitub…Ahimelech…Seraiah	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	8	18	gm1f	translate-names		0	Benaiah…Jehoiada	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	8	18	xxs8	translate-names		0	Kerethites…Pelethites	These are names of people-groups. These people were David’s bodyguards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	9	intro	lwh6			0		# 2 Samuel 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is another interruption to the story of David expanding his kingdom. David is concerned with fulfilling his oath to Jonathan’s descendants.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David’s vow<br>David determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan’s descendants. He found Jonathan’s son and told him he would treat him as if he was one of his sons. He restored all of Saul’s property to him and had him eat every day at the king’s table. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical question and metaphor<br>Jonathan’s son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: “What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?” and by a metaphor comparing himself to “a dead dog.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	9	1	t1g1			0	for Jonathan’s sake	“because of my love for Jonathan”
2SA	9	1	cy22			0	Jonathan’s sake	Jonathan was Saul’s son and David’s best friend.
2SA	9	2	id7a	translate-names		0	Ziba	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	9	2	ura2			0	I am your servant	Ziba calls himself “your servant” to show great respect to David.
2SA	9	3	j5la			0	I may show the kindness of God	The abstract noun “kindness” can be stated as “kind.” Alternate translation: “I may be kind as I promised God I would be”
2SA	9	3	u7ba	figs-metonymy		0	who is lame in his feet	“whose feet are damaged.” The word “feet” here refers to the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “who is unable to walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	9	4	ee6a	translate-names		0	Machir…Ammiel	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	9	4	st1r	translate-names		0	Lo Debar	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	9	5	tj7u	figs-ellipsis		0	King David sent	It is understood that David sent messengers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA	9	6	fp3x			0	Mephibosheth	See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
2SA	9	6	wni4	figs-go		0	came to David	The word “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2SA	9	6	huu6			0	I am your servant	Mephibosheth refers to himself as “your servant” to show great honor to David.
2SA	9	7	fe5j			0	for Jonathan your father’s sake	“because I loved your father, Jonathan”
2SA	9	7	zy8z	figs-metonymy		0	you will always eat at my table	Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “you will always eat with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	9	8	fvp8	figs-rquestion		0	What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?	This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	9	8	j13e	figs-metaphor		0	such a dead dog	Here Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and he compares himself to a “dead dog.” Dogs were feral animals, not cared for, and of little importance. A dead dog would be considered even less important. Alternate translation: “such a person like me who is worthless as a dead dog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	9	10	cb8w	figs-metonymy		0	must always eat at my table	Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “must always eat with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	9	10	ae24	writing-background		0	Now Ziba…servants	Here “now” makes a break in the main story line. The narrator gives background information about Ziba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2SA	9	10	tgt5	translate-numbers		0	fifteen sons and twenty servants	“15 sons and 20 servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	9	11	fwy9	figs-123person		0	Your servant will do all that my master the king commands his servant	Ziba refers to himself as “your servant” and refers to David as “my master.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant will do all that you, my king, command me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2SA	9	12	eu17	translate-names		0	Mika	This is the name of the son of Mephibosheth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	9	12	u3qr	figs-metonymy		0	All who lived in the house of Ziba	Here “house” represents Ziba’s family. Alternate translation: “All of Ziba’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	9	13	caj8	figs-metonymy		0	he always ate at the king’s table	Here “table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “he always ate with the king at his table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	9	13	du2g	figs-metonymy		0	though he was lame in both his feet	“thouge both of his feet were damaged.” Here “feet” represents the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “though he was unable to walk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	10	intro	abca			0		# 2 Samuel 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The chapter records the last expansion of David’s kingdom. This chapter is also the beginning of a section dealing with the war between Israel and Ammon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Shame<br>It was apparently the cause of shame or embarrassment in ancient Ammon to have their beards shaved off or to have their garments cut off. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>The Ammon people used a metaphor comparing themselves to a bad smell: “they had become a stench to David” when they realized they had made David very angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	10	1	g3zs	translate-names		0	Hanun	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	10	2	k9r2	translate-names		0	Hanun…Nahash	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	10	3	r4at	figs-rquestion		0	Do you really think that…you?	The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: “You are wrong to think that…you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	10	3	zys4			0	to spy	to secretly learn information about someone else
2SA	10	3	gmb8	figs-rquestion		0	Has not David…overthrow it?	The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: “You need to know that David…overthrow it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	10	3	d8ec	figs-metonymy		0	in order to overthrow it	Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “in order to conquer us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	10	3	bm5t			0	the city	Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
2SA	10	4	g9ma	figs-explicit		0	shaved off half their beards	This act was meant as an insult to humiliate the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	10	5	jt3x	figs-idiom		0	were deeply ashamed	Here “deeply” is an idiom that means “very.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	10	5	v21l	figs-ellipsis		0	then return	It is understood that they should return to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA	10	6	v8si	figs-metaphor		0	they had become a stench to David	The phrase “become a stench” is a metaphor for “they had become offensive.” Alternate translation: “they had become offensive like a bad smell to David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	10	6	t6tc	translate-names		0	Beth Rehob…Zobah…Maacah…Tob	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	10	6	gk6y	translate-numbers		0	twenty thousand…a thousand…twelve thousand	“20,000…1,000…12,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	10	8	u7sj			0	to their city gate	Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
2SA	10	9	p5qe			0	General Information:	The battle with the Arameans and Ammon continues.
2SA	10	10	ka2a			0	The rest of his people he put into the hand of Abishai his brother	“He put Abishai his brother in charge of the rest of the army”
2SA	10	11	i9k3			0	General Information:	Joab gets the army ready for battle.
2SA	10	11	nlq4	figs-synecdoche		0	for me, then you, Abishai, must rescue me	Here “me” refers to Joab. Joab and Abishai represents themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: “for us, then you, Abishai, and your army must rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	10	14	q6sp	figs-synecdoche		0	from Abishai	Here Abishai represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “from Abishai and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	10	14	d64c			0	into the city	Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
2SA	10	14	v8x9			0	went back to Jerusalem	“returned to Jerusalem”
2SA	10	15	rg85	figs-activepassive		0	When the Arameans saw that they were being defeated by Israel	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the Arameans realized that the Israelites were defeating them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	10	16	yd3i	translate-names		0	Hadarezer…Shobak	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	10	16	sle1			0	from beyond the Euphrates River	This means the east side of the Euphrates River.
2SA	10	16	nik5	figs-go		0	They came to Helam	Here “came to” can be translated as “went to” or “gathered at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2SA	10	16	rhn4	translate-names		0	Helam	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	10	17	pz1s	figs-activepassive		0	When David was told this	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When David heard about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	10	17	vk7a	figs-metonymy		0	gathered all Israel together	Here “Israel” represents the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “assembled all the army of Israel together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	10	17	ism8			0	Helam	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
2SA	10	17	ln59	figs-synecdoche		0	against David and fought him	Here David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “against David and his soldiers and fought them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	10	18	tev3	figs-synecdoche		0	David killed	Here “David” is a synecdoche for himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	10	18	uc7z	translate-numbers		0	seven hundred…forty thousand	“700…40,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	10	18	zwc8	figs-activepassive		0	Shobak the commander of their army was wounded and died there	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Israelites wounded Shobak the commander of the Aramean army, and he died there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	10	18	s2lg			0	Shobak	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
2SA	10	19	s2mk			0	Hadarezer	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
2SA	10	19	dzd4	figs-activepassive		0	saw that they were defeated by Israel	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “realized that the Israelites had defeated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	11	intro	abcb			0		# 2 Samuel 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a new section of David’s life. God punished David by allowing his family to have many problems.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David’s adultery and the murder of Uriah<br>The army of Israel defeated the army of Ammon and then they besieged Ammon’s capital while David stayed in Jerusalem. One day, David saw a beautiful woman, named Bathsheba, bathing. He committed adultery with her. When she became pregnant, David tried to cover up his sin. When this did not work, he had her husband killed in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
2SA	11	1	eqn9	writing-newevent		0	It came about in the springtime	“It happened in the springtime.” This introduces a new event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	11	1	jf4r			0	at the time	“at the time of year”
2SA	11	1	a4ds	figs-explicit		0	David sent out Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel	David sent them out to war. This can be stated clearly. Also, the word “his” refers to David. Alternate translation: “David sent Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel to war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	11	1	qac9			0	the army of Ammon	“the Ammonite army”
2SA	11	1	myy2	translate-names		0	Rabbah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	11	2	wi9y	writing-newevent		0	So it came about	“So it happened” or “So it came to pass.” The author uses this phrase to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	11	2	qi78	figs-explicit		0	a woman who was bathing	The woman was not on the roof, she would have been bathing outside in the courtyard of her house. Alternate translation: “a woman who was bathing in the courtyard of her house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	11	3	yv7g	figs-idiom		0	So David sent	Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “So David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	11	3	r92k	figs-metonymy		0	he asked people who would know about the woman	David was trying to find out who the woman was. The word “he” refers to David, but is a metonym for the messenger that David sent. The messenger was to ask the people for information about her. Alternate translation: “the messenger asked the people who knew her about who she was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	11	3	ht5y	figs-rquestion		0	Is not this Bathsheba…and is she not the wife of Uriah the Hittite?	This question gives information and can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is Bathsheba…and she is the wife of Uriah the Hittite.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	11	4	s4dn	figs-metonymy		0	took her	David actually sent messengers, and they took her and brought her to him. Alternate translation: “they brought her to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	11	4	x8kf	figs-metonymy		0	she came in to him	She came into his palace and into his bedroom. Alternate translation: “she came into the place where he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	11	4	qka3	figs-euphemism		0	he lay with her	This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with her. You may need to use a different euphemism in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	11	4	n2gg			0	menstruation	the time when a woman bleeds from her womb
2SA	11	5	e4v5	figs-idiom		0	she sent and told David; she said, “I am pregnant.”	Here the word “sent” means that she sent a messenger to tell David that she was pregnant. Alternate translation: “she sent a messenger to David, and the messenger told David that she was pregnant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	11	6	bds8	figs-idiom		0	Then David sent	Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “Then David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	11	7	vjr7	figs-idiom		0	how Joab was, how the army was doing, and how the war was going	David was asking if Joab and the army were well and about the progress of the war. Alternate translation: “if Joab was well, if other soldiers were well, and how the war was progressing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	11	8	qzu2	figs-idiom		0	Go down to your house	Possible meanings for the phrase “go down” are (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “Go to your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	11	8	f1gh	figs-metonymy		0	wash your feet	This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. Alternate translation: “rest for the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	11	8	s4b9	figs-metonymy		0	the king sent a gift for Uriah	David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	11	9	fp1u			0	his master	The word “his” refers to Uriah and the word “master” refers to David.
2SA	11	10	p5tg	figs-rquestion		0	Have you not come from a journey? Why did you not go down to your house?	This rhetorical question is used to show David’s surprise that Uriah did not visit his wife. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “After coming from such a long journey, you should have gone down to your house.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	11	11	t1wr	figs-synecdoche		0	Israel and Judah	This refers to their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	11	11	w65k	figs-rquestion		0	How then can I go into my house…with my wife?	This rhetorical question is used to emphasize Uriah’s refusal to visit his wife and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It would be wrong for me to go into my house…with my wife while the other soldiers in my army are in danger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	11	11	k6b2	figs-euphemism		0	to lie with my wife	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	11	11	ww5l	figs-simile		0	As sure as you are alive, I will not do this	Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not go home to his wife as long as the rest of the soldiers are at war. He makes this promise by comparing the truth of his promise to the certainty that the king was alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that I will not do this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	11	13	a9yz			0	he ate and drank before him	“Uriah ate and drank with David”
2SA	11	13	xex1	figs-idiom		0	down to his house	Possible meanings of the word “down” are (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. See how you translated the similar phrase “down to your house” in [2 Samuel 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “to his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	11	14	c9uz	figs-synecdoche		0	sent it by the hand of Uriah	The phrase “the hand of Uriah” refers to Uriah himself. Alternate translation: “sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	11	15	r9ph			0	very front of the most intense battle	“very front of the battle line where the fighting is the worst”
2SA	11	15	z3us			0	withdraw from him	“command the soldiers to back away from him”
2SA	11	15	sac7			0	he may be hit and killed	“he may be wounded and killed”
2SA	11	16	di6w	figs-abstractnouns		0	the siege upon the city	The word “siege” can be expressed with the verbs “surround” and “attack.” Alternate translation: “his army surround and attack the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA	11	17	x2mt	figs-euphemism		0	some of the soldiers of David fell	The word “fell” is a polite way to refer to the soldiers being killed. Alternate translation: “David’s soldiers were killed” or “they killed some of David’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	11	17	s5r9	figs-activepassive		0	and Uriah the Hittite was also killed there	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “including Uriah the Hittite” or “and the men of the city also killed Uriah the Hittite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	11	18	g9kw	figs-metonymy		0	Joab sent word to David	The phrase “sent word” means that he sent a messenger to give a report. Alternate translation: “Joab sent a messenger to David to give a report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	11	20	a8wj	figs-rquestion		0	Why did you go so near…from the wall?	Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. These questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near to the city to fight. You should have known that they would shoot from the wall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	11	20	n65u	figs-explicit		0	shoot from the wall	This refers to men of the city shooting arrows down at their enemy from the top of the city wall. Alternate translation: “shoot arrows at you from the top of the city wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	11	21	h8q7	figs-rquestion		0	Who killed Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth?	Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember how Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth was killed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	11	21	h97r	translate-names		0	Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth	This is the name of a man. His father is also know by the name Gideon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	11	21	uf4w	figs-rquestion		0	Did not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez?	Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember he died at Thebez when a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the top of the wall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	11	21	zx1s			0	millstone	a heavy stone that would roll, used to crush grain for making bread
2SA	11	21	g9p7			0	from the wall	“from the top of the city wall”
2SA	11	21	q6dz	translate-names		0	Thebez	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	11	21	p6i4	figs-rquestion		0	Why did you go so near the wall?	Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near the wall!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	11	23	ax3f			0	the gate	“the city gate”
2SA	11	24	jnl2			0	their shooters shot	“their shooters shot arrows”
2SA	11	24	ay8n	figs-activepassive		0	some of the king’s servants were killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they killed some of the king’s servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	11	24	ych3			0	king’s servants	Here “servants” refers to soldiers, not slaves, because soldiers were servants of the king.
2SA	11	24	bf6f	figs-activepassive		0	your servant Uriah the Hittite was killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they killed your servant Uriah the Hittite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	11	25	v2pb	figs-metonymy		0	for the sword devours one as well as another	Here “the sword” refers to a person who kills someone with sword. Also, killing someone with a sword is spoken of as if the sword were “eating” the people. Alternate translation: “for one man can be killed by a sword the same as another man” or “for any man can die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	11	25	mk7a			0	Make your battle even stronger	“Fight even stronger”
2SA	11	26	gx4s	figs-metaphor		0	she lamented deeply	Here the author speaks of her lamenting very much as if it were deep inside her. Alternate translation: “she lamented very much” or “she lamented greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	11	27	d34z			0	sorrow	a deep feeling of sadness caused by suffering, disappointment or misfortune
2SA	11	27	d21w	figs-idiom		0	David sent and took her home	Here the word “sent” means that he sent a messenger to get her and bring her to him. Alternate translation: “David sent a messenger to her to bring her home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	11	27	cq8x			0	displeased Yahweh	“saddened Yahweh” or “angered Yahweh”
2SA	12	intro	abcc			0		# 2 Samuel 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the final expansion of David’s kingdom and records the end of the war with Ammon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David’s punishment<br>God sent a prophet to confront David. He said that because David had Uriah killed, there would always be killing in his family and that the baby conceived with Bathsheba would die. David prayed that the baby be allowed to live, but the infant died. Bathsheba then had another son, who was named Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2SA	12	3	jfa8			0	ewe lamb	a female lamb
2SA	12	3	wd4g	figs-simile		0	was like a daughter to him	This refers to the closeness of this man and his little lamb. Alternate translation: “he loved it as much as if it were one of his daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	12	4	vv6b			0	ewe lamb	a young, female sheep
2SA	12	4	c763	figs-explicit		0	for his visitor	It was for his visitor to eat. Alternate translation: “for his visitor to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	12	5	tm95	figs-metaphor		0	David was hot with anger against	Here the author describes how David was very angry as if his body were physically hot because of his anger. Alternate translation: “David became furious with” or “David became very angry with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	12	5	v4ka			0	he raged to Nathan	This means that David spoke angrily to Nathan.
2SA	12	5	gd2w	figs-explicit		0	As Yahweh lives	This expresses that David was swearing an oath or serious promise. Alternate translation: “I declare, as surely as Yahweh lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	12	5	r45b	figs-idiom		0	to be put to death	This means to be killed. Also, that can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to be killed” or “to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	12	6	m494	translate-numbers		0	He must pay back the lamb four times over	The amount the rich man was required to pay back to the poor man was to be four times what the little lamb cost. “He must pay the poor man four times the price of the lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	12	6	l1te			0	pity	to feel sadness and love for someone who is suffering or hurt or not loved
2SA	12	7	x85z	figs-metonymy		0	out of the hand of Saul	Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “out of Saul’s control” or “from Saul’s control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	12	8	ty2v	figs-metaphor		0	your master’s wives into your arms	Here Yahweh describes David having his master’s wives as his own wives, by saying that they are “in his arms.” Alternate translation: “your master’s wives as your own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	12	8	v7tc	figs-metaphor		0	I also gave you the house of Israel and Judah	Here Yahweh speaks of how he gave David his authority as king over Israel and Judah as if he gave him the houses of Israel and Judah as a gift. The phrase “the house of” means “the people of.” Alternate translation: “I also gave you authority as king over the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	12	8	sr3v			0	if that had been too little	“if I had not given you enough”
2SA	12	9	nb14	figs-rquestion		0	So why have you despised…Yahweh, so as to do what is evil in his sight?	This rhetorical question is used to rebuke David. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised…Yahweh and should not have done what is evil in his sight!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	12	9	ctt1	figs-metaphor		0	what is evil in his sight	Here “sight” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: “what he considers to be evil” or “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	12	9	iy29	figs-metonymy		0	You have struck down Uriah the Hittite with the sword	David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle. The phrase “with the sword” represents how Uriah died in battle. Alternate translation: “You have arranged for Uriah the Hittite to die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	12	9	n595	figs-metonymy		0	You killed him with the sword of the army of Ammon	David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle when Israel was fighting against Ammon. The phrase “with the sword” refers to how he died in battle. Alternate translation: “You arranged for him to die in battle against the army of Ammon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	12	10	t13v	figs-metonymy		0	the sword will never leave your house	Here the word “sword” refers to people dying in war. Also, David’s “house” refers to his descendants. Alternate translation: “some of your descendants will always die in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	12	11	zbq2	figs-metonymy		0	out of your own house	Here David’s “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “from among your own family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	12	11	d9za	figs-synecdoche		0	Before your own eyes	Here David is referred to by his eyes to emphasize what he would see. Alternate translation: “While you are watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	12	11	bc2j	figs-euphemism		0	he will lie with your wives	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he will have sexual relations with your wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	12	11	br6x	figs-metaphor		0	in broad daylight	“in full daylight.” The idea of doing something “openly” or in a way that people are fully aware of what is happening is often spoken about as being done in the “daylight.” Alternate translation: “openly” or “and everyone will see what is happening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	12	12	cy92			0	committed your sin	“sinned”
2SA	12	12	g9jf	figs-metonymy		0	before all Israel	This phrase speaks of the people of Israel knowing about what has happened to his wives as if they all actually witnessed it happening. Alternate translation: “before all the people of Israel” or “and all the people of Israel will know about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	12	13	u54j	figs-metaphor		0	passed over	Yahweh has forgiven David of his sin. This is spoken of here as Yahweh passing over his sin as if it were something that he walked by and disregarded. Alternate translation: “forgiven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	12	13	zze1	figs-activepassive		0	You will not be killed	This can be stated in active form. Sometimes men died because of their sins, but he will not die because of his sin with the woman. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You will not die” or “you will not die because of this sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	12	14	m7z5			0	despised	to strongly dislike or hate someone or something
2SA	12	14	vm9h	figs-idiom		0	the child who is born to you	The phrase “born to you” means that it is David’s baby. Alternate translation: “your child who will be born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	12	15	z3d2	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh attacked the child that…and he was very sick	Here the author speaks of Yahweh causing the baby to become sick as Yahweh attacking the child. Alternate translation: “Yahweh afflicted the child that…and he was very sick” or “Yahweh caused the baby that…to become very sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	12	15	eh1x	figs-idiom		0	the child that Uriah’s wife bore to David	This means that she gave birth to a child and that David was his father. Alternate translation: “David’s child, who Uriah’s wife gave birth to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	12	16	t71m			0	implored	to beg or pray with strong desire
2SA	12	16	k5zu	figs-explicit		0	went inside	David went into his room when he was alone. Alternate translation: “went inside his room” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	12	17	dyf7			0	to raise him up from the floor	“and urged him to get up from the floor”
2SA	12	18	cbe1			0	It came about	“It happened”
2SA	12	18	f2jx	figs-synecdoche		0	he did not listen to our voice	The servants are referred to here by their voices to emphasize that they were speaking. Alternate translation: “he did not listen to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	12	18	ueh7	figs-explicit		0	the seventh day	“day 7.” This refers to the seventh day after the baby was born. Alternate translation: “the seventh day after he was born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	12	18	j2pi			0	Look	This is used to get people’s attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2SA	12	18	sz9x	figs-rquestion		0	What might he do to himself if we tell him that the boy is dead?!	The servants ask this rhetorical question to express their fear. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that he may harm himself if we tell him that the boy is dead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	12	19	s1tv			0	were whispering together	“were speaking very quietly to each other”
2SA	12	19	mh6l			0	David perceived	“David understood”
2SA	12	20	aa4t			0	David arose	“David got up”
2SA	12	21	nx6q			0	General Information:	These verses contain rhetorical questions that emphasize that David realizes that Yahweh has allowed this to happen.
2SA	12	22	p2za	figs-rquestion		0	Who knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me, that the child may live?	David asked this rhetorical question to empathize that no one knew if Yahweh would let the child live. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me so that the child may live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	12	23	pf4k	figs-rquestion		0	But now he is dead, so why should I fast?	David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that he no longer has a reason to fast. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now that he is dead it would be of no use to fast any longer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	12	23	cc5p	figs-rquestion		0	Can I bring him back again?	David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that the boy cannot come back to life. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot bring him back to life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	12	23	qs7p	figs-explicit		0	I will go to him	David implies that he will go to where his child is when he dies. Alternate translation: “When I die I will go to where he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	12	24	f8ut	figs-doublet		0	went in to her and lay with her	Both the phrase “went in to her” and the phrase “lay with her” refer to David having sexual relations with Bathsheba and emphasize what they did. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2SA	12	25	m6ce	figs-metonymy		0	he sent word through Nathan the prophet	Here “word” refers to a message that Yahweh told Nathan to tell David. Alternate translation: “he sent Nathan to tell him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	12	25	rd3r	translate-names		0	Jedidiah	This is another name for David’s son Solomon, which Yahweh chose for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	12	26	jf3t	figs-synecdoche		0	Joab fought…he captured	Here the author says “Joab” but he is referring to Joab and his soldiers who fought with him. Alternate translation: “Joab and his soldiers fought…they captured” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	12	26	ar6m	figs-metonymy		0	Rabbah	Fighting against this city literally means to fight against the people of Rabbah. Translate the name the same as you did in [2 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	12	27	ip2q			0	So Joab sent messengers to David and said	“So Joab sent messengers to David to say to him”
2SA	12	27	c6au	figs-metaphor		0	have taken the city’s water supply	“Taking” a place or landmark means to take control of it. Alternate translation: “have taken control of the city’s water supply” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	12	27	n5s7	figs-synecdoche		0	I have fought…I have taken	Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “My soldiers and I have fought…my soldier and I have taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	12	28	ue9d	figs-synecdoche		0	if I take	Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “if my soldiers and I take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	12	28	ej7u	figs-idiom		0	camp against	This means to surround and attack. Alternate translation: “besiege” or “surround” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	12	28	zt5k	figs-metaphor		0	take it…take the city	“Taking” a place or landmark means to take control of it. Alternate translation: “take control of it…take control of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	12	28	gj9r	figs-activepassive		0	it will be named	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will name it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	12	29	z74s	figs-synecdoche		0	he fought	Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers fought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	12	30	n7vb	translate-bweight		0	a talent	This may be written in modern weights. Alternate translation: “about 33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2SA	12	30	t9em			0	a precious stone	a rare gemstone such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, or opal
2SA	12	30	nw9j	figs-activepassive		0	The crown was placed on David’s own head	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They placed the crown on David’s own head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	12	30	wz14	figs-metonymy		0	he brought out	Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “they brought out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	12	30	g4xl			0	plunder	valuable things taken from a defeated enemy
2SA	12	30	nq3u			0	large quantities	“large amounts”
2SA	12	31	a3vv	figs-metonymy		0	He brought out the people	David did not bring out the people himself; he commanded his soldiers to bring them out. Alternate translation: “David commanded his soldiers to bring out the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	12	31	ya1w			0	saws, iron picks, and axes	These are tools to cut wood or break up the ground.
2SA	12	31	tl3i			0	brick kilns	ovens where bricks are dried and hardened
2SA	12	31	ew58	figs-metonymy		0	all the cities of the people of Ammon	This refers to the people in the cities. Alternate translation: “all the people of the cites of Ammon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	13	intro	abcd			0		# 2 Samuel 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story about the difficulties and killings in David’s family. David’s sin caused these problems in his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Amnon raped Absalom’s sister<br>Amnon raped Absalom’s sister, who was his own half-sister. David did nothing to punish him and David’s lack of action caused significant problems in his family and in Israel. This eventually caused Solomon to become king, even though he was not the oldest son.
2SA	13	1	e2ti	writing-newevent		0	It came about after this	“It happened after this.” This phrase is used to introduce a new event to the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	13	1	tup1			0	half-sister	Amnon and Tamar shared the same father but not the same mother.
2SA	13	1	fj5k			0	full sister	Absalom and Tamar shared the same father and mother.
2SA	13	2	fmq1	figs-explicit		0	Amnon was so frustrated that he became sick because of his sister Tamar	Amnon was frustrated because he desired to sleep with his sister Tamar. Alternate translation: “Amnon was so frustrated with desire for his sister Tamar that he felt sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	13	3	rz6p	translate-names		0	Jonadab son of Shimeah, David’s brother	These are the names of men. Shimeah was David’s brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	13	3	knc5			0	shrewd	crafty or deceptive
2SA	13	4	qef9			0	depressed	in an emotional state of extreme unhappiness
2SA	13	4	s99u	figs-ellipsis		0	Will you not tell me?	It is understood that he is asking him about his depression, which can be stated clearly. Also, this rhetorical question is a request for Jehonadab to tell him why he is depressed. It may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Will you not tell me why you are depressed?” or “Please, tell me why you are depressed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	13	5	qen4			0	Jonadab	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 13:3](../13/03.md).
2SA	13	5	xjs4	figs-idiom		0	eat it from her hand	This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not want her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: “have her serve it to me herself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	13	6	tsl3	figs-idiom		0	I may eat from her hand	This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not expect her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: “she may serve it to me to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	13	6	n1c2			0	pretended to be sick	This means he gave a false appearance of being ill.
2SA	13	6	a3i8	figs-metonymy		0	for my sickness in front of me	The food is not for his sickness, but rather it is for him, because he is sick. The phrase “in front of me” is a request for Tamar to prepare the food in his presence. Alternate translation: “in front of me because I am sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	13	7	we8h	figs-metonymy		0	David sent word	This means that he sent a messenger to speak to Tamar. Alternate translation: “David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	13	8	k69t			0	dough	a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking
2SA	13	8	di8s			0	kneaded	used her hands to mix the dough
2SA	13	8	l12v	figs-idiom		0	in his sight	This means that Tamar made the bread in front of him. Alternate translation: “in front of him” or “in his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	13	9	cwh1	figs-idiom		0	So everyone went out from him	To “go out from someone” means to leave them. Alternate translation: “So everyone left him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	13	10	y3b4	figs-idiom		0	that I may eat from your hand	This is a request for Tamar to serve the food to him personally. Alternate translation: “and serve it to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	13	11	c79f	figs-euphemism		0	lie with me	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “have sexual relations with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	13	12	rly8	figs-ellipsis		0	do not force me	She is referring to having sexual relations with him. Alternate translation: “do not force me to have sexual relations with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA	13	12	fd8t			0	appalling	very shameful
2SA	13	13	dwl7			0	General Information:	Tamar continues to talk to Amnon.
2SA	13	13	j8jb	figs-rquestion		0	How could I be rid of my shame?	Tamar asks this rhetorical question to emphasize how much shame she would have if she slept with him. Tamar speaks of getting rid of her shame as if it were an enemy or a tormentor that she needed to escape from. Alternate translation: “If you do this, I would have to endure shame everywhere I go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	13	14	ras3	figs-euphemism		0	he lay with her	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	13	16	zc24	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because this great evil of making me leave is even worse	The abstract noun “this great evil” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA	13	17	au8l	figs-explicit		0	bolt the door after her	This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: “lock the door so that she cannot come back in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	13	18	c6te	figs-explicit		0	bolted the door after her	This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: “locked the door so that she could not go back in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	13	19	i3wt	translate-symaction		0	put ashes on her head and tore her robe. She put her hands on her head	These are acts of mourning and grief in the Israelite culture. Alternate translation: “put ashes on her head and tore her robe to show that she was very sad. Then to show her grief, she put her hands on her head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	13	20	w3wp	figs-euphemism		0	Has Amnon your brother been with you?	This is a polite way to ask is Amnon has had sexual relations with her. Alternate translation: “Has Amnon your brother slept with you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	13	20	ffu3	figs-idiom		0	keep quiet	This means to not tell anyone about something. Alternate translation: “do not tell anyone about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	13	20	ce3a	figs-idiom		0	Do not take this thing to heart	The phrase “take something to heart” means “to worry about it.” Alternate translation: “Do not worry about what has happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	13	20	m1az			0	So Tamar remained alone	This means that she did not marry.
2SA	13	22	j3li			0	said nothing	“did not speak”
2SA	13	23	q5hh	writing-newevent		0	It came about after two full years	This explains that two whole years has passed and introduces the next event in the story line. The phrase “full years” means that they are complete years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	13	23	qef5			0	shearers	These are people who cut the wool from sheep.
2SA	13	23	am6l	translate-names		0	Baal Hazor	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	13	24	e8ml			0	Look now	This is a phrase used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2SA	13	24	wmj8			0	your servant	Absalom is calling himself “your servant” to show respect.
2SA	13	24	uq3x			0	has sheep shearers	It was customary for people in Israel to have a party after they had sheared their sheep.
2SA	13	24	tav8			0	may the king	Although he is talking to his father the king, he calls him “the king” instead of “you” to show respect for him.
2SA	13	26	b7e9			0	please let my brother Amnon go with us	The oldest son could often represent his father in Israelite culture. Amnon was David’s oldest son.
2SA	13	26	ep6f			0	Why should Amnon go with you?	David knew that Amnon was not Absalom’s friend.
2SA	13	27	kd8k	figs-metaphor		0	Absalom pressed David	Here the author speaks of Absalom urging David to let Amnon come as if he were putting physical pressure on him. Alternate translation: “Absalom begged David for Amnon to come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	13	27	w3cs	figs-synecdoche		0	all the king’s sons	This does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. Alternate translation: “the rest of the king’s sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	13	28	yfb3	figs-explicit		0	Do not be afraid	This implies that they do not need to be afraid of the consequences for killing Amnon. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the king’s son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	13	28	ev94	figs-rquestion		0	Have I not commanded you?	Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you to do this.” or “I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	13	28	fa5u	figs-ellipsis		0	not commanded you	What Absalom has commanded them to do may be stated in the question. Alternate translation: “not commanded you to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA	13	29	jr7q			0	every man	This refers to the king’s sons who left the celebration.
2SA	13	30	jr55	writing-newevent		0	So it came about	“It happened that.” This phrase is used here to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	13	30	x2s3			0	on the road	“travelling along the road”
2SA	13	30	hpn8	figs-metonymy		0	that the news came to David saying	Here it says that the news came, when really someone came and told David the news. Alternate translation: “that someone came and reported the news to David saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	13	31	l6aw			0	Then the king arose	“Then the king stood up”
2SA	13	31	a8qp	translate-symaction		0	tore his clothes, and lay on the floor	He did these things to show that he was extremely sad. Alternate translation: “tore his clothes, and threw himself on the floor grieving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	13	31	a62g	translate-symaction		0	with their clothes torn	They did this to show their sadness and to mourn with their king. Alternate translation: “and tore their clothes, mourning with the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	13	32	a6vi			0	Jonadab…Shimeah	See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 13:3](../13/03.md).
2SA	13	32	dsh2			0	Let not my master believe	“My master, do not believe”
2SA	13	32	ev3e			0	my master	Jonadab calls David “my master” to show respect.
2SA	13	32	a8f7	figs-euphemism		0	Amnon violated his sister	This is a polite way of saying that Amnon raped his sister. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	13	33	qjg1			0	let not my master the king	“my master the king, do not”
2SA	13	33	cf2y	figs-idiom		0	take this report to heart	The phrase “take something to heart” means “to worry about it.” Alternate translation: “worry about this report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	13	34	rh5b	figs-idiom		0	keeping watch	This means that the servant was watching for enemies while guarding at the city wall. Alternate translation: “who was guarding” or “who was guarding at the city wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	13	34	j8la	figs-metaphor		0	raised his eyes	Here the servant looking up at something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	13	36	r5i8	writing-newevent		0	So it came about	This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	13	36	r9gz	figs-metaphor		0	raised their voices	Here the sons crying out is spoken of as if their voices were something they lifted into the sky. Alternate translation: “cried out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	13	37	dqp1	translate-names		0	Talmai…Ammihud	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	13	37	wxs3			0	for his son	“for his son Amnon”
2SA	13	38	pbz9			0	where he was for three years	“where he stayed for three years”
2SA	13	39	ky6u	figs-synecdoche		0	The mind of King David longed	Here David is referred to by his mind to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate translation: “King David longed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	13	39	t9kb			0	for he was comforted concerning Amnon and his death	“because he was no longer grieving about Amnon being dead.” This refers to three years after Absalom fled to Geshur.
2SA	14	intro	abce			0		# 2 Samuel 14 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Reconciliation<br>David missed his son, Absalom, who was in exile. Joab summons a wise woman to reconcile David and Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech used in this chapter<br><br>### Parable<br><br>The wise woman uses a type of parable to convince David that his actions were wrong. He treated a stranger worse than he treated his own son. This hypothetical situation was intended to convict David of his sin. She uses David’s own words against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
2SA	14	1	c5gz			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells about a new person in the story.
2SA	14	1	zlp2			0	Zeruiah	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
2SA	14	1	nt9e			0	perceived	This means Joab discerned or understood what David was thinking.
2SA	14	2	g3b4	figs-metonymy		0	sent word to Tekoa and had a wise woman brought	This means that Joab sent someone with a message to Tekoa and had him bring back a woman to him. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “sent someone with a message to Tokoa and had him bring a wise woman back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	14	2	t4f8	translate-names		0	Tekoa	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	14	2	rm87	figs-nominaladj		0	the dead	This refers to someone who has died, not dead people in general. Alternate translation: “someone who has died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2SA	14	4	an12	translate-symaction		0	she lay facedown on the ground	She did this to show her respect and submission to the king. Alternate translation: “she showed her respect to the king by laying facedown on the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	14	6	ij2w			0	One struck the other	“One of my sons hit the other son with something”
2SA	14	7	jb47			0	the whole clan	“my entire family”
2SA	14	7	aq9y			0	your servant	To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
2SA	14	7	fj59	figs-idiom		0	put him to death	This is an idiom which means to kill. Alternate translation: “kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	14	7	hhk3	figs-explicit		0	they would also destroy the heir	If they put the guilty brother to death there would not be a son left to inherit the family’s possessions. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “if they did this, they would be destroying our family’s heir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	7	vfb2	figs-metaphor		0	Thus they will put out the burning coal that I have left	Here the woman refers to her only living son as if he were a burning piece of coal. She speaks of the men killing her son as stopping the coal’s burning. Alternate translation: “In this way they will kill the only child I have left” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	14	7	vk75	figs-doublenegatives		0	they will leave for my husband neither name nor descendant	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they will not leave for my husband name or descendant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2SA	14	7	jl3j	figs-metonymy		0	neither name nor descendant	This refers to a son to carry on the family’s name into the next generation. Alternate translation: “no son to preserve our family’s name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	14	7	xe94			0	on the surface of the earth	“on the earth.” This descriptive phrase emphasizes that the family line would not continue on earth after the husband died. “The surface of the earth” refers to the ground on which people walk.
2SA	14	8	w2wr	figs-activepassive		0	I will command something to be done for you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will take care of this matter for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	14	9	sev7			0	Tekoa	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 14:2](../14/02.md).
2SA	14	9	gz85	figs-explicit		0	may the guilt be on me and on my father’s family	This means that if people say that the king was wrong for helping the woman’s family that the king should not be guilty. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if anyone blames you for helping our family, may my family be considered guilty instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	9	e186	figs-metonymy		0	The king and his throne	Here the word “throne” refers to anyone who later becomes king in David’s place. Alternate translation: “The king and his descendants” or “The king and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	14	9	uik4	figs-explicit		0	are guiltless	“are innocent.” This implies that in the future if anyone accuses the king of wrongdoing, he will be innocent in the matter. Alternate translation: “will be innocent regarding the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	10	fz7h	figs-synecdoche		0	says anything to you	Here speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. Alternate translation: “threatens you” or “speaks threats to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	14	10	pq9j	figs-metaphor		0	he will not touch you anymore	Here David speaks of a person not threatening or hurting her, by saying that the person would not touch her. It is implied that David will not allow the person threatening her to bother her again. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “I will make sure he does not threaten you again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	11	jfs2	figs-idiom		0	Please, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God	Possible meanings are (1) The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom meaning to pray. Alternate translation: “Please, pray to Yahweh your God” or (2) Here “call to mind” means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. Alternate translation: “Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	11	xm1u	figs-explicit		0	the avenger of blood	This refers to the man who wants to avenge the death of the dead brother. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the man who wants to avenge my son’s brother’s death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	11	ez62			0	destroy anyone further	“cause anyone else to die.” This is in addition to the brother who already died.
2SA	14	11	yv76			0	that they will not destroy my son	“that they will not kill my son” or “that they will not execute my son”
2SA	14	11	vgi3	figs-simile		0	As Yahweh lives	Often people would make promises and compare how surely they would fulfil their promise to how surely Yahweh is alive. Alternate translation: “I promise you, as surely as Yahweh lives” or “In Yahweh’s name I promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	11	d9l6	figs-hyperbole		0	not one hair of your son will fall to the ground	The means that her son will not be harmed, which is exaggerated by saying that he will not lose even a single hair. Alternate translation: “your son will be completely safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	14	12	l1s3			0	your servant	To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
2SA	14	12	hy2e			0	speak a further word to	“talk about something else to.” The woman is requesting to speak to the king about another topic.
2SA	14	12	mw9s	figs-idiom		0	Speak on	This is an idiom. The king was giving her permission to continue speaking. Alternate translation: “You may speak to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	14	13	ia2l	figs-rquestion		0	Why then have you devised such a thing against the people of God?	The woman asks this rhetorical question to rebuke David for how he has treated Absalom. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have just said proved that you did wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	14	13	t35u			0	the king is like someone who is guilty	The woman compares the king to someone who is guilty to suggest that he is guilty without saying it directly. Alternate translation: “the king has declared himself guilty”
2SA	14	13	f3ci			0	his banished son	“his son whom he banished”
2SA	14	14	ll3p	figs-simile		0	For we all must die, and we are like water spilled on the ground…up again	Here the woman speaks of a person dying as if they were water being spilled on the ground. Alternate translation: “We all must die, and after we die we cannot be brought back to life again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	14	14	f5lf	figs-explicit		0	God…finds a way for those who were driven away to be restored	The woman is implying that David should bring his son back to himself. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “God brings back someone whom he has driven away and you should do the same for your son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	15	hm99	figs-ellipsis		0	because the people have made me afraid	The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “because the people have made me afraid that I have come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA	14	15	nkn7			0	your servant	To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant”
2SA	14	16	x4ut	figs-metonymy		0	from the hand of the man	This phrase is an idiom. Also, “the hand” is a metonym referring to the man’s control. Alternate translation: “out of the control of the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	14	17	pn2s			0	the word of my master the king	“the message of my master the king”
2SA	14	17	nm7g	figs-simile		0	for as an angel of God, so is my master…from evil	Here David, the king, is compared to an “angel of God.” Alternate translation: “for the king is like an angel of God because they both know how to tell good from evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	14	18	u2d4	figs-litotes		0	Please do not hide from me anything that I will ask you	The negative form here is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Please tell me the truth about everything I ask you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2SA	14	19	p42h	figs-metonymy		0	Is not the hand of Joab with you in all this	Here the word “hand” refers to Joab’s influence. Alternate translation: “Has not Joab influenced you in all this” or “Did Joab send you here to speak these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	14	19	uz25	figs-idiom		0	As you live	“As surely as you are alive.” Here the woman compares the certainty of what David has said to the certainty that he is alive, to emphasize how true his statement is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	14	19	q69g	figs-metaphor		0	no one can escape to the right hand…the king has spoken	Here the woman describes the difficulty of speaking to the king and keeping him from finding out the truth by comparing it to a person not being about to escape in any direction. Alternate translation: “no one can keep you from knowing the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	14	19	vyl1	figs-merism		0	to the right hand or to the left	The expression gives two extremes and means “anywhere.” Alternate translation: “anywhere at all” or “anywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2SA	14	20	yvt6			0	My master is wise	“My master the king is wise”
2SA	14	20	j2lm	figs-simile		0	is wise, like the wisdom of an angel of God	The woman compares David’s wisdom to the wisdom of an angel to emphasize how very wise he is. Alternate translation: “you are very wise, like an angel of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	14	21	n8az	figs-explicit		0	So the king said to Joab	It is implied that the king had Joab brought before him so that he could speak to him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Then the king summoned Joab and said to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	21	g87y			0	Look now	This phrase is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2SA	14	21	r58j	figs-explicit		0	this thing	This refers to what Joab wants the king to do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	22	n6a2	translate-symaction		0	Joab lay facedown on the ground	Joab did this to honor the king and show his gratitude. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	14	22	qd1b			0	your servant	To show respect for the king Joab refers to himself as “your servant.”
2SA	14	22	f6n4	figs-idiom		0	I have found favor in your eyes	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “you are pleased with me” or “you have approved of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	14	22	x4g1			0	in that the king	“because the king”
2SA	14	22	gl13			0	the king has performed the request of his servant	“you have done what I asked you to do”
2SA	14	24	i98k	figs-synecdoche		0	but he may not see my face…the king’s face	Here the word “face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “but he may not see me…the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	14	25	u9cd	writing-background		0	Now	This word marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information for the part of the story that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2SA	14	25	fb8b	figs-activepassive		0	there was no one praised for his handsomeness more than Absalom	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people praised Absalom for his handsomeness more than they praised anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	14	25	m4bk			0	handsomeness	good and pleasing appearance, especially of the face
2SA	14	25	tiv6	figs-merism		0	From the sole of his foot to the top of his head there was no blemish in him	This means the whole person was without blemish. Alternate translation: “There were no blemishes on any part of his body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2SA	14	26	j4bd	translate-bweight		0	two hundred shekels	This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “two and a half kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
2SA	14	26	a94i			0	the weight of the king’s standard	The king had weights that determined the standard weight of the shekel and other weights and measurements.
2SA	14	27	raf5			0	To Absalom were born three sons and one daughter	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Absalom had three sons and one daughter”
2SA	14	28	p8nr	figs-synecdoche		0	the king’s face	Here “the king’s face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	14	29	nwh8	figs-metonymy		0	Absalom sent word for Joab	Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger to Joab with a request. Alternate translation: “Absalom sent a messenger to Joab asking him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	14	29	km4z	figs-explicit		0	to send him to the king	It is implied that Absalom wanted Joab to come to him to see him and to intercede for him so that he would be allowed to see the king. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “to come to him and to intercede for him so that he could see the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	29	f1c7	figs-metonymy		0	So Absalom sent word a second time	Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “So Absalom sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	30	g6kt			0	See	Here this word is used to remind people of something. Alternate translation: “As you know”
2SA	14	32	wb3r			0	Look	“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
2SA	14	32	cr53	figs-metonymy		0	I sent word	Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “I sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	14	32	ay13	figs-explicit		0	to the king to say	The message here for the king is written as if Absalom were the speaker. Absalom was asking Joab to speak the message on his behalf. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “to say to the king on my behalf” or “to ask the king for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	14	32	ehw7	figs-synecdoche		0	the king’s face	Here “king’s face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	14	33	xix9	translate-symaction		0	bowed low to the ground before the king	Absalom is showing respect to the king. Alternate translation: “bowed low to the ground to honor the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	14	33	lr12	figs-explicit		0	the king kissed Absalom	This implies that the king forgave and restored Absalom. The full meaning of this can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	15	intro	abcf			0		# 2 Samuel 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of Absalom’s attempted revolt.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Absalom’s conspiracy<br>For four years, Absalom made many allies in an attempt to make himself king. This is why he acted as a judge for the people. Since this was all done in secret, it is called a “conspiracy.” David found out and fled with those in the army who were loyal to him.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>The author used the metaphor of a thief to describe how Absalom was able to win people’s loyalty: “So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	15	1	m44b	writing-newevent		0	It came about	This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	15	1	a4qh	translate-symaction		0	with fifty men to run before him	These men would run in front of the chariot to honor Absalom. Alternate translation: “with fifty men to run before him to honor him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	15	2	f1j6			0	Your servant	When a man would respond to Absalom’s question he would refer to himself as “your servant” to honor Absalom.
2SA	15	3	cl8u	figs-explicit		0	So Absalom would say to him	It is implied that the person told his case to Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Absalom would ask him what his problem was, and the man would then explain to Absalom why he sought justice. Absalom would then say to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	15	3	yts5	figs-doublet		0	good and right	These words have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that his case is good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2SA	15	3	d3e6	figs-metonymy		0	to hear your case	“Hearing” a case means to listen to it and to make a judgement decision over it. Alternate translation: “to judge your case” or “to oversee your case” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	15	5	n3n6	translate-symaction		0	put out his hand and take hold of him and kiss him	This action is a friendly greeting. Alternate translation: “greet him as a friend by embracing him and kissing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	15	6	ty61	figs-explicit		0	for judgment	This means that they can for the king to decide their disputes. Alternate translation: “to judge over their disputes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	15	6	xc8j	figs-metaphor		0	So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel	This sentence means Absalom convinced the men to be loyal to him rather than to David. Here the author speaks of how the people became loyal to Absalom by saying that he stole their hearts. Alternate translation: “In this way, Absalom convinced the men of Israel to be loyal to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	15	7	k1ju	writing-newevent		0	It came about	This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	15	7	u4br	figs-explicit		0	at the end of four years that Absalom	This refers to four years after he returned to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “fours years after Absalom had returned to Jerusalem, he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	15	7	z9fc			0	and pay a vow that I have made to Yahweh in Hebron	“to Hebron and there fulfill a vow that I have made to Yahweh”
2SA	15	8	x8c1			0	For your servant	Here Absalom refers to himself this way to honor the king.
2SA	15	9	z24j			0	So Absalom arose	“So Absalom left”
2SA	15	10	k6i1	figs-metonymy		0	throughout all the tribes of Israel	Here the places where the tribes of Israel lived are referred to as the tribes themselves. Alternate translation: “throughout the land of the tribes of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	15	10	yb9l			0	the sound of the trumpet	“a trumpet being blown”
2SA	15	11	y3hm	figs-activepassive		0	who were invited	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who he had invited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	15	11	j5ty			0	went in their innocence	“went innocently”
2SA	15	12	p6px	figs-idiom		0	he sent for Ahithophel	This means that he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel and bring him back to him. Alternate translation: “he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel who was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	15	12	b237	translate-names		0	Ahithophel	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	15	12	v7wx	translate-names		0	Giloh	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	15	13	wjk4	figs-synecdoche		0	The hearts of the men of Israel are following after	Here the men are referred to by their “hearts” to emphasize their loyalty to Absalom. Alternate translation: “The men of Israel are loyal to” or “The men of Israel are following after” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	15	14	brg3	figs-synecdoche		0	escape from Absalom…he will quickly…and he will bring	Here David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as “Absalom” himself because the men are following Absalom’s authority. Alternate translation: “escape from Absalom and his men…he and his men will quickly…and they will bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	15	14	t8eh	figs-metonymy		0	attack the city with the edge of the sword	The “city” is a metonym referring to the people in the city. The “edge of the sword” is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites’ swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle. Alternate translation: “will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	15	14	s5ik	figs-idiom		0	bring down disaster	This means to cause disaster to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	15	16	hpv6	figs-idiom		0	to keep the palace	Here the word “keep” means to care for. Alternate translation: “to care for the palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	15	17	cv7p	figs-explicit		0	at the last house	This refers to the last house they would come to when leaving the city. Alternate translation: “at the last house as they were leaving the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	15	18	hx7p			0	Kerethites…Pelethites	Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
2SA	15	18	vht5			0	Gittites	Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
2SA	15	18	tp2a	translate-numbers		0	six hundred men	“600 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	15	19	u5p9	translate-names		0	Ittai	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	15	19	n5dh			0	Gittite	Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
2SA	15	19	k4yp	figs-rquestion		0	Why will you come with us?	This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to go with us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	15	20	dw1l	figs-rquestion		0	why should I make you wander all over with us?	This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to cause you to wander around with us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	15	20	wfd5	figs-hyperbole		0	Since you just left yesterday	Here “yesterday” is an exaggeration that emphasizes a short amount of time. Ittai the Gittite had lived there for several years. Alternate translation: “Since you have lived here only a short time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	15	20	e3e8	figs-explicit		0	May loyalty and faithfulness go with you	This is a blessing that David is giving to him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	15	21	m7sh	figs-simile		0	As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives	Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. He compare the certainty the he will fulfill his promise to the certainty that Yahweh and the king are alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	15	21	q3e6			0	your servant	Ittai refers to himself this way to honor the king.
2SA	15	21	u8i6			0	whether that means living or dying	“even if I get killed supporting you”
2SA	15	23	y8br	figs-hyperbole		0	All the country wept with a loud voice	Many of the people of Israel wept loudly when they saw the king leaving. Here this is generalized by saying that the whole country wept. Alternate translation: “All the people along the road wept” or “Many of the people wept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	15	23	cpg7	figs-metaphor		0	with a loud voice	Here the many people who were weeping are spoken of as if they shared one loud voice. Alternate translation: “loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	15	23	qn5p	translate-names		0	Kidron Valley	This is the name of a place near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	15	25	x2mv	figs-metonymy		0	I find favor in the eyes of Yahweh	Here the “eyes of Yahweh” refer to Yahweh’s thoughts and opinion. If you “find favor” with someone it means that they are pleased with you. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	15	25	cm5c	figs-metonymy		0	where he lives	“where his presence is.” The ark of the covenant symbolizes Yahweh’s presence. This refers to the place where the ark is. Alternate translation: “where it is kept” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	15	27	w3ii	translate-names		0	Ahimaaz	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	15	27	k6y6			0	Abiathar	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 8:17](../08/17.md).
2SA	15	27	sn4s	figs-rquestion		0	Are you not a seer?	This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Zadok and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will be able to find out what is happening.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	15	28	nvl5			0	See	Here this word means for the listener to pay attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2SA	15	28	a6gq	figs-metonymy		0	until word comes from you	This refers to him sending a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “until you send a messenger to me to inform me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	15	28	g6m3	figs-explicit		0	to inform me	Here the king implies he is to receive a message informing him about what is happening in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	15	30	m59t			0	barefoot	wearing no shoes or sandals
2SA	15	30	hz16	translate-symaction		0	his head covered	This is a sign of mourning and shame. Alternate translation: “his head covered in mourning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	15	31	e31r			0	Ahithophel	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:11](../15/11.md).
2SA	15	31	a24n			0	conspirators	people who join together against someone else
2SA	15	31	e4pr	figs-explicit		0	please turn Ahithophel’s advice into foolishness	David is asking Yahweh to make Ahitohphel’s advice foolish and useless. Alternate translation: “please let whatever advice Ahithophel gives be foolishness and unsuccessful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	15	32	lr8g	writing-newevent		0	It came about	“It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	15	32	q4pe	figs-explicit		0	at the top of the road	The word “top” is used here because David went up in elevation and is at the top of a hill. Alternate translation: “at the top of the hill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	15	32	kgp7	figs-activepassive		0	where God used to be worshiped	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where people once worshiped God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	15	32	bxf8	translate-names		0	Hushai	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	15	32	fmi7	translate-names		0	Arkite	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	15	32	jt8s	translate-symaction		0	with his coat torn and earth on his head	This is an act showing shame or repentance. Here the word “earth” means dirt. Alternate translation: “He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	15	34	xy6g	figs-explicit		0	you will confuse Ahithophel’s advice for me	David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. Alternate translation: “you can serve me by opposing Ahithophel’s advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	15	35	fr9e	figs-rquestion		0	Will you not have the priests Zadok and Abiathar with you?	David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	15	35	rkm7	figs-hyperbole		0	whatever you hear	This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	15	36	yg9d	translate-names		0	Ahimaaz…Jonathan	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	15	36	z36k	figs-synecdoche		0	by their hand	The phrase “their hand” refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate translation: “their sons to tell me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	16	intro	abcg			0		# 2 Samuel 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Absalom seeks advice from David’s advisers<br>David’s best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the king’s property, having sexual relations with a king’s concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Simile<br>To show how seriously people took Ahithophel’s advice, the author used a [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] comparing his advice to God’s advice. “Now the advice of Ahithophel that he gave in those days was as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself.”
2SA	16	1	uv2h	translate-names		0	Ziba	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	16	1	rzt4			0	Mephibosheth	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
2SA	16	1	eex7	translate-numbers		0	two hundred loaves…one hundred clusters…one hundred bunches	“200 loaves…100 clusters…100 bunches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	16	1	md5n			0	loaves of bread	“cakes of bread”
2SA	16	1	sje6			0	clusters of raisins…bunches of figs	These phrases refer to raisins or figs pressed together.
2SA	16	1	ibp3			0	raisins	dried grapes
2SA	16	1	x3jp			0	a skin of wine	“a wineskin full of wine”
2SA	16	2	j2cp			0	faint	tired and weak
2SA	16	3	h7rz			0	your master’s grandson	“Mephibosheth, your master’s grandson”
2SA	16	3	bdv9			0	grandson	the son of one’s son or daughter
2SA	16	3	x26u			0	Look	Here this word is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2SA	16	3	b9kv	figs-metonymy		0	house of Israel	This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	16	3	fvn6	figs-metaphor		0	will restore my father’s kingdom to me	Having a descendant of Saul being allowed to rule is spoken of as the kingdom being restored to their family. Alternate translation: “will allow me to rule the kingdom that my grandfather ruled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	16	4	h3df			0	Mephibosheth	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
2SA	16	4	cvm5	figs-metaphor		0	I bow in humility to you	Ziba is not literally bowing before the king when he is speaking here. This means that he will serve the king with the same amount of humility he would be showing if he were literally bowing before him. Alternate translation: “I will humbly serve you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	16	4	ewk1	figs-idiom		0	Let me find favor in your eyes	The phrase “find favor” means to be approved of by someone. Also, “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “I want you to be pleased with me” or “I desire you for to be pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	16	5	q8fi			0	Bahurim	Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/16.md).
2SA	16	5	y6uz	translate-names		0	Shimei…Gera	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	16	6	j39l			0	in spite of	“even though there was”
2SA	16	6	nmf8			0	bodyguards	These are men who protect an important person.
2SA	16	7	tj6a			0	villain	someone who is evil, a criminal or lawbreaker
2SA	16	7	h2c4	figs-metonymy		0	man of blood	Here “blood” refers to all of men he was responsible for killing in battle. Alternate translation: “murderer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	16	8	ju1y	figs-explicit		0	Yahweh has repaid	Yahweh repays them by punishing them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	16	8	cvt3	figs-metonymy		0	for the blood you shed within the family of Saul	Here “blood” refer to people who were killed from Saul’s family. The king was responsible for them dying. Alternate translation: “for killing many of Saul’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	16	8	mve3	figs-explicit		0	in whose place you have reigned	David reigned as king over the same people whom Saul had previously reigned. Alternate translation: “in whose place you have reigned as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	16	8	uqf8	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand of Absalom	Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “into the control of Absalom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	16	9	wg1j	translate-names		0	Abishai	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	16	9	jz4r	translate-names		0	Zeruiah	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	16	9	b6wq	figs-rquestion		0	Why should this dead dog curse my master the king?	Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This dead dog must not speak to the king this way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	16	9	p79k	figs-metaphor		0	this dead dog	Here the man is being described as worthless by being compared to a dead dog. Alternate translation: “this worthless man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	16	10	i1pm	figs-rquestion		0	What have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah?	This rhetorical question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to know what you think!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	16	10	wrg4			0	Perhaps he is cursing me because	“He may be cursing me because”
2SA	16	10	g4rx	figs-rquestion		0	Who then could say to him, ‘Why are you cursing the king?	This is said as a rhetorical question to emphasize that the answer is “no one.” This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one then can ask him, ‘Why are you cursing the king?’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	16	11	y6it	figs-explicit		0	my son, who was born from my body	David describes his son this way to emphasize the close bond between a father and his son. Alternate translation: “my own son” or “my dear son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	16	11	l8bj	figs-euphemism		0	wants to take my life	This is a polite way to refer to killing someone. Alternate translation: “wants to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	16	11	znl2	figs-rquestion		0	How much more may this Benjamite now desire my ruin?	David uses this rhetorical question to express that he is not surprised that the man wants to kill him. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course this Benjamite desires my ruin!” or “I am not surprised this Benjamite desires my ruin as well!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	16	11	t9uf	figs-metaphor		0	desire my ruin	Here David describes the man’s desire to kill him as if David were something that the man wanted to ruin. Alternate translation: “desire me to be killed” or “desire to kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	16	11	tb7g	figs-idiom		0	Leave him alone and let him curse	Here the phrase “leave him alone” means to not stop him from what he is doing. Alternate translation: “Do not stop him from cursing me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	16	12	xk9r	figs-idiom		0	will look at	Here “looking” means “considering.” Alternate translation: “will consider” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	16	12	smf2	figs-personification		0	the misery unleashed on me	Here David speaks of misery as if it were a dangerous animal that the Benjamite unleashed on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA	16	13	h7jk			0	Shimei went beside him up on the hillside	Shimei was walking parallel to David and his men, though Shimei was up higher on the hillside.
2SA	16	15	l6bc	translate-names		0	Ahithophel	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	16	16	p1gq	translate-names		0	Hushai	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	16	16	d97z	writing-newevent		0	It came about	“It happened that.” This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	16	16	gp9v	translate-names		0	Arkite	See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	16	17	x1al			0	loyalty	a strong feeling of support and love
2SA	16	17	b4yd	figs-rquestion		0	Is this your loyalty to your friend? Why did you not go with him?	These rhetorical questions are asked to criticize Hushai. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have been a loyal friend to David; you should have gone with him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	16	18	t8c4			0	the one whom Yahweh	Hushai is referring to Absalom.
2SA	16	18	k7hr	figs-123person		0	the one whom…that is the man…with him	Here Hushai is referring to Absalom in the third person to take emphasize off of him and place it on Yahweh and the people who chose him. This can be written in second person. Alternate translation: “you are the one whom…you are the man…with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2SA	16	19	hq49	figs-rquestion		0	what man should I serve? Should I not serve in the presence of his son?	Hushai asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he wants to serve Absalom. They can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should serve only David’s son, so I will serve in his presence.” or “I should serve you, for you are David’s son.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	16	20	f7w3	translate-names		0	Ahithophel	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	16	21	d7c8	figs-euphemism		0	Go into your father’s slave wives	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with your father’s slave wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	16	21	sm7v	figs-idiom		0	to keep the palace	The phrase “to keep” means to take care of. Alternate translation: “to take care of the palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	16	21	jx59	figs-metaphor		0	become a stench to your father	Ahithophel speaks of Absalom offending his father as if he would become something that had a strong and offensive odor. Alternate translation: “become offensive to your father” or “greatly insulted father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	16	21	bu9j	figs-synecdoche		0	Then the hands of all who are with you will be strong	Here the people who followed Absalom are referred to by their hands. The news will strengthen the peoples’ loyalty to Absalom and encourage them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The news of this will strengthen the loyalty of all who follow you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	16	22	cj6n			0	they spread	“they set up”
2SA	16	22	gx92	figs-euphemism		0	Absalom went in to his father’s slave wives	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Absalom had sexual relations with his father’s slave wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	16	22	v3ik	figs-hyperbole		0	in the sight of all Israel	This means that people were able to see the tent and Absalom walking in and out of the tent with the women. The phrase “all of Israel” is a generalization, for only people near the palace could see it. Alternate translation: “where the Israelites could see him go into the tent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	16	23	k3y9	figs-simile		0	Now the advice of Ahithophel…was as if a man heard	Here the author compare how much people trusted Ahithophel’s advice with how much they would trust advice directly from God. Alternate translation: “Now people trusted the advice of Ahithophel in those days in the same way they would have trusted it if had come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	16	23	qt97	figs-synecdoche		0	as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself	Here God’s mouth represents himself and emphasizes his speech. Alternate translation: “as if God had said it with his own mouth” or “as if a man heard it spoken by God himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2SA	16	23	jqr6			0	all of Ahithophel’s advice was viewed by both David and Absalom	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “both David and Absalom viewed all of Ahithophel’s advice”
2SA	16	23	p2g1			0	was viewed	“was thought of”
2SA	17	intro	abch			0		# 2 Samuel 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Confusion<br>Ahithophel gives good advise to Absalom, but Hushai confuses Absalom. God is using the misleading advice to protect David, his king.
2SA	17	1	jz1q	translate-names		0	Ahithophel	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	1	y3kl	translate-numbers		0	twelve thousand men	“12,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	17	1	xpm7			0	arise and	“begin to”
2SA	17	2	p8re			0	come on	“come to”
2SA	17	2	ukx7	figs-doublet		0	weary and weak	These words mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how weak David was. Alternate translation: “weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2SA	17	2	si3k	figs-abstractnouns		0	will surprise him with fear	Here the word “fear” can be expressed with the adjective “afraid.” Alternate translation: “will surprise him and make him afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA	17	2	txi8	figs-explicit		0	I will attack only the king	It is implied that he intends to kill the king. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will kill only the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	17	3	b53b	figs-explicit		0	bring back all the people	This refers to all of the people who were with David. Alternate translation: “bring back all of the people who were with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	17	3	b385	figs-simile		0	like a bride coming to her husband	Here Ahithophel speaks of the peoples’ happiness by comparing it to a bride’s happiness. Alternate translation: “and they will come happily, like a bride is happy when she comes to her husband” or “and they will come happily” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	17	3	fwq6	figs-idiom		0	be at peace	This means to have peace or to live peacefully. Alternate translation: “live peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	17	3	d16g	figs-metonymy		0	under you	This refers to being under the king’s authority. Alternate translation: “under your authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	17	5	b9n4			0	Hushai the Arkite	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md).
2SA	17	6	lw7i			0	Ahithophel	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
2SA	17	8	w2fu	figs-simile		0	they are like a bear robbed of her cubs	The anger of the soldiers here is being compared to that of a mother bear who cubs are taken from her. Alternate translation: “they are angry, like a mother bear whose cubs have been take from her” or “they are very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	17	8	ytp8			0	a bear	a large furry animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth
2SA	17	8	q99g	figs-explicit		0	is a man of war	This means that his has fought in many battles and knows well the ways of war. Alternate translation: “has fought in many battles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	17	9	vwd2			0	Look	Here this word is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2SA	17	9	kc65			0	pit	a deep hole in the ground
2SA	17	9	v2xp	figs-ellipsis		0	or in some other place	This is another place he may be hiding. Alternate translation: “or hidden in some other place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA	17	9	d2wh	figs-activepassive		0	when some of your men have been killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when his soldiers kill some of your men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	17	9	f1q8	figs-abstractnouns		0	A slaughter has taken place among the soldiers who follow Absalom	The noun “slaughter” means an event where many people are brutally killed. This can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “Many of the soldiers who follow Absalom have been slaughtered” or “The enemy soldiers have killed many of the soldiers who follow Absalom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA	17	10	g7bl	figs-synecdoche		0	whose hearts are like the heart of a lion	Here the soldiers are refers to by their “hearts.” Also, their strong bravery is compared to that of a lion’s. Alternate translation: “who are as brave as lions” or “who are very brave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	17	11	sm9p	figs-activepassive		0	that all Israel should be gathered together to you	This can be stated in active form. Also, here “all Israel” represents only the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “that you should gather together all of the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	17	11	jz3g	figs-merism		0	from Dan to Beersheba	This phrase means from the northern border of Israel to the southern border. Alternate translation: “from the whole nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2SA	17	11	vl1f	figs-hyperbole		0	as numerous as the sands that are by the sea	This is an exaggeration where all the grains of sand on a beach are compared to the number of Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “so many that they can barely be counted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	17	11	lbr4	figs-idiom		0	that you go to battle in person	The phrase “in person” means to go yourself and not send someone else instead. Alternate translation: “then lead them yourself into battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	17	12	v92h	figs-idiom		0	come on him	This means to purposefully go to where he is and then to attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	17	12	rys8	figs-simile		0	we will cover him as the dew falls on the ground	Absalom’s army is described as covering David’s army like the dew covers the ground in the morning. Alternate translation: “we will overwhelm and completely defeat David’s army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	17	12	k6bm			0	dew	the fog or misty cloud of water that can fall onto the ground during the night, covering the ground and leaving it wet in the morning
2SA	17	12	jdy3	figs-litotes		0	We will not leave even one of his men…alive	This negative sentence is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “We will kill every one of his men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2SA	17	12	dwr7	figs-rpronouns		0	him himself	Both these words refer to David. Alternate translation: “David himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2SA	17	13	cez7	figs-synecdoche		0	then all Israel	This refers to Israel’s soldiers, not to all of Israel. Alternate translation: “then all of our soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	17	13	v4rx	figs-explicit		0	will bring ropes to that city and we will drag it into the river	This means that the soldiers would tear down the city walls and drag the pieces to river. Alternate translation: “will destroy the city and drag the stones to the river with ropes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	17	13	ua57	figs-hyperbole		0	until there is no longer even a small stone found there	This is an exaggeration to describe how completely they will destroy the city. The would not literally sweep away every small stone from the city. Alternate translation: “until the city is completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	17	14	vg6q			0	Hushai the Arkite	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). Arkite is the name of a people group.
2SA	17	14	erd5			0	Ahithophel	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
2SA	17	14	j39m	figs-abstractnouns		0	the rejection of Ahithophel’s good advice	The word “rejection” can be expressed with the verb “reject.” Alternate translation: “for the men of Israel to reject Ahithophel’s good advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA	17	14	rwx8	figs-idiom		0	to bring destruction on Absalom	To “bring” something on someone means to cause it to happen to them. Alternate translation: “to cause a disaster to happen to Absalom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	17	15	pp5p	translate-names		0	Zadok…Abiathar	See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:24](../15/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	15	f3gh	figs-idiom		0	in such and such a way	This phrase, meaning “like this,” refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom earlier beginning in [2 Samuel 17:1](../17/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	17	16	b624			0	the fords of the Arabah	A ford is a shallow part of a river where people can walk across. The Arabah is the land along both sides of the Jordan River.
2SA	17	16	u94n	figs-idiom		0	by all means	This means to make sure that you do something. Alternate translation: “be sure to” or “make sure that you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	17	16	adt3	figs-metaphor		0	the king will be swallowed up	Here the king and his people being killed is describes as if they were “swallowed” by their enemy. Alternate translation: “the king will be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	17	17	u8z7	translate-names		0	Jonathan…Ahimaaz	See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	17	q25n	figs-metonymy		0	When the message came	Here the “message” is spoken of as coming to them, when really it is the woman who came to then bringing the message. Alternate translation: “When she brought them a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	17	17	h5de	translate-names		0	spring of Rogel	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	18	q737			0	this time	“one time”
2SA	17	18	r7rc	figs-explicit		0	So Jonathan and Ahimaaz went away	It is implied that they found out that the young man had told Absalom about them being there. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Jonathan and Ahimaaz found out what the young man had done, so they went away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	17	18	t68a	translate-names		0	Bahurim	This is the name of a small town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	18	fa3m			0	they descended	“they lowered themselves and hid”
2SA	17	19	j4xb	translate-names		0	Jonathan…Ahimaaz	See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	20	f1dc			0	the woman of the house	“the man’s wife”
2SA	17	20	n16k	translate-names		0	Ahimaaz…Jonathan	See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	21	kx9m	writing-newevent		0	It came about	“It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	17	21	r493	figs-metonymy		0	cross quickly over the water	Here “the water” refers to the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “cross quickly over the river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	17	21	h17r	figs-idiom		0	has given such and such advice	The idiom “such and such” is used in the place of information that is already know by the reader. Here it refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom beginning in [2 Samuel 17:1](../17/01.md). This information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “has advised that Absalom send him with an army to attack you now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	17	22	l8sk	figs-litotes		0	By morning daylight not one of them had failed to cross over the Jordan	This negative sentence is used to emphasize that they all crossed the river. It can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “By morning daylight every one of them had crossed over the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2SA	17	23	gix9			0	Ahithophel saw	“Ahithophel knew” or “Ahithophel realized”
2SA	17	23	x22t	figs-activepassive		0	his advice had not been followed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Absalom had not followed his advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	17	23	pmh2			0	saddled his donkey	placed a blanket or small leather seat on the donkey so he could sit on it
2SA	17	23	zw5j	figs-idiom		0	set his affairs in order	He prepared for his death by telling his family what to do after he died. Alternate translation: “he prepared for his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	17	23	yg9t			0	In this way	“And this is how”
2SA	17	23	b2wa	figs-activepassive		0	was buried	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	17	24	c8ze	translate-names		0	Mahanaim	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 2:8](../02/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	25	dur7	translate-names		0	Amasa…Joab…Jether…Nahash	These are the names of men. See how you translated Joab and Zeruiah (Joab’s mother) in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	25	v1vl			0	Ishmaelite	This word means that the person is descended from Ishmael. Some versions say “Israelite” here. See the footnote. You may want to choose the word that is used in the majority language Bible in your area.
2SA	17	25	q7fs	figs-euphemism		0	who went in to Abigail	This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “who had sexual relations with Abigail” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	17	25	yn85	translate-names		0	Abigail…Zeruiah	These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	26	p8z6	translate-names		0	Gilead	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	27	a88x	writing-newevent		0	It came about	This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA	17	27	ya8t	translate-names		0	Mahanaim…Rabbah…Lo Debar…Rogelim	These are the names of cities or places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	27	sb1a	translate-names		0	Shobi…Nahash…Machir…Ammiel…Barzillai	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	27	g662	translate-names		0	Ammonites…Gileadite	These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	17	28	td28			0	sleeping mats and blankets	A mat is something soft to sleep on, and a blanket is a cloth covering for warmth.
2SA	17	28	sk67			0	flour	crushed grain made into powder and used to make bread
2SA	17	28	wym6			0	roasted	cooked with dry heat
2SA	17	28	epx5			0	beans	seeds that are cooked and eaten
2SA	17	28	s9d6			0	lentils	a kind of seed that is cooked and eaten
2SA	17	29	vx1d			0	curds	milk that has soured and become solid
2SA	17	29	hpg5			0	thirsty	in need of water or some other drink
2SA	18	intro	abci			0		# 2 Samuel 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom’s rebellion.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David’s mercy<br>David reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When David’s army defeated Absalom’s army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of David’s soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
2SA	18	1	y2u4	figs-metonymy		0	David counted the soldiers who were with him and appointed	David did not count all of the people himself, rather other men counted them. Alternate translation: “David commanded for the soldiers who were with him to be counted and he appointed” or “David arranged the soldiers who were with him and appointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	18	1	qt9x	translate-numbers		0	captains of thousands and captains of hundreds	Possible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	18	1	pa96			0	captains	A captain is a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers.
2SA	18	2	x31q	translate-fraction		0	one-third…another third	“one-third of the army…another third of the army.” A “third” is one part out of three equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
2SA	18	2	lu6k	translate-names		0	Abishai…Zeruiah	See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	18	2	xwu2	translate-names		0	Ittai	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	18	2	zy14	translate-names		0	Gittite	This refers to a person from Gath, which is a Philistine city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	18	2	s8e1	figs-explicit		0	I will certainly go out with you myself, too	This means that he will go out with them to battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I myself will go with you to battle” or “I personally will go with you into battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	18	3	z3p1	translate-numbers		0	half of us	The word “half” refers to one out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	18	3	cmi5	figs-explicit		0	you are worth ten thousand of us	This means that the enemy army considering killing David of greater worth than killing 10,000 of the other men. The number 10,000 here is an exaggeration used to emphasize a very great number of people. Alternate translation: “they would rather kill you than to kill 10,000 of us” or “killing you is worth more to them than killing a great number of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	18	3	nx5a	translate-numbers		0	ten thousand	“10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	18	3	r2hd	figs-explicit		0	that you be ready to help us from the city	David could help them from the city by advising them and sending men to help them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that you stay here in the city and send help to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	18	5	idy7	translate-names		0	Abishai	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	18	5	nnf5	translate-names		0	Ittai	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	18	5	jbs6			0	Deal gently for my sake with the young man, with Absalom	“For my sake, do not harm the young man, Absalom.” The phrase “Deal gently” means to be kind to someone and not to harm them.
2SA	18	5	s62a			0	my sake	“my well-being” or “my account”
2SA	18	6	ak3c	figs-explicit		0	went out into the countryside against Israel	This means that they went out and fought against them in battle. Alternate translation: “went out into the countryside and fought against Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	18	6	na7e	figs-synecdoche		0	against Israel	Here “Israel” refers to their soldiers, not all of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “against the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	18	7	xa6g	figs-activepassive		0	The army of Israel was defeated there before the soldiers of David	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There the soldiers of David defeated the army of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	18	7	ef2b			0	a great slaughter	an event where many people are brutally killed
2SA	18	7	qgp8	translate-numbers		0	twenty thousand men	“20,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	18	8	ndw4	figs-personification		0	more men were consumed by the forest than by the sword	Here “the forest” is described as if it were alive and could act. “The sword” refers to David’s soldiers who fought with swords. Alternate translation: “dangerous things in the forest killed more men than David’s soldiers killed with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	18	9	fye9	figs-explicit		0	Absalom happened to meet some of David’s soldiers	This is an event that happened during the battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “During the battle, Absalom happened to meet some of David’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	18	9	ua3f	figs-metonymy		0	his head was caught up in the tree branches	Absalom had long hair that got caught in the tree branches. Alternate translation: “his hair was caught in the tree branches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	18	9	iq6e			0	dangling	hanging or swinging loosely
2SA	18	9	eys5			0	between the ground and the sky	“in the air”
2SA	18	10	n893			0	Look	Here this word is used to draw a person’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
2SA	18	11	w13x	figs-rquestion		0	Why did you not strike him down to the ground?	This rhetorical question means that he should have killed him. This question can be written as a statement. The phrase “strike down” means to kill. Alternate translation: “You should have struck him down to the ground!” or “You should have killed him immediately!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	18	11	aik2	translate-bmoney		0	ten silver shekels	This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “ten silver coins” or “110 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
2SA	18	11	xu84			0	belt	This is a special belt that shows people that someone is a great soldier and should be honored.
2SA	18	12	m6ur	translate-bmoney		0	a thousand silver shekels	“1,000 silver shekels.” This can be stated in modern units. Alternate translation: “1,000 silver coins” or “11 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	18	12	y75l	figs-idiom		0	would not have reached out my hand against the king’s son	The phrase “reached out my hand” means to attack. Alternate translation: “would not have attacked the king’s son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	18	12	c6je	figs-idiom		0	No one must touch	Here “touching” refers to “harming.” Alternate translation: “No none must harm” or “Do not harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	18	13	if8q	figs-abstractnouns		0	a falsehood	The word “falsehood” can be expressed with a verbal phrase. Also, this refers to disobeying the king’s command. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “doing something that is wrong” or “by disobeying the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	18	13	b1r6	figs-metaphor		0	there is nothing hidden from the king	Here the man speaks about how the king knows about almost everything that happens as if everything were a physical object he knew the location of. Alternate translation: “there is nothing that the king does not know” or “the king hears about everything that happens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	18	14	jl1n	figs-explicit		0	I will not wait for you	Joab meant that he should not continue talking to the man. Alternate translation: “I will not waste anymore time talking to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	18	14	m7ub	figs-synecdoche		0	heart of Absalom	Here Absalom’s heart refers to his chest or upper body. Alternate translation: “chest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	18	15	va7x	figs-synecdoche		0	armor	This refers to both the armor he would wear to protect himself and to his weapons. Alternate translation: “armor and weapons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	18	16	f9za	figs-explicit		0	Then Joab blew the trumpet, and the army returned from pursuing Israel, for Joab held back the army	This describes what Joab commanded by blowing the trumpet. Alternate translation: “Then Joab blew the trumpet to call back the army, and the army returned from pursuing Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	18	16	ji7k	figs-synecdoche		0	returned from pursuing Israel	Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite army. Alternate translation: “returned from pursuing the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	18	17	st6r			0	They took Absalom and threw him	“They took Absalom’s body and threw it”
2SA	18	17	d3n5	figs-explicit		0	they buried his body under a very large pile of stones	After putting his body in the pit they covered it with a pile of stones. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “they covered his body with a huge pile of stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	18	17	b87l	figs-synecdoche		0	while all Israel fled	Here “all Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. The word “fled” means “ran away.” Alternate translation: “while all the Israelite soldiers ran away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	18	18	s18q	translate-names		0	the King’s Valley	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	18	18	j9s8	figs-metonymy		0	to carry along the memory of my name	Absalom uses the phrase “my name” to refer to himself and his family line. Alternate translation: “to carry on my family name, by which people would remember me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	18	18	tg1p	figs-activepassive		0	so it is called Absalom’s Monument to this very day	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so people called it Absalom’s Monument from that day on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	18	18	h1qh			0	to this very day	This refers to the present time when this book of the Bible was written.
2SA	18	19	md2p	translate-names		0	Ahimaaz	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	18	19	qby5	figs-metaphor		0	run to the king with the good news	Here Ahimaaz speaks of running to go and tell the king the good news as if the good news were a object that he were carrying. Alternate translation: “run to tell the king the good news” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	18	19	jyg5	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of his enemies	Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “the control of his enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	18	20	qeg4			0	the bearer of news	“the one who tells the news”
2SA	18	20	v56v	figs-explicit		0	you will bear no news	This refers to not bearing the news to the king. Alternate translation: “you will not tell the news to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	18	21	q3lf			0	tell the king what you have seen	Joab is telling him to go and tell the king about the news of the battle.
2SA	18	24	zqb5			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line and the beginning of a new part of the story.
2SA	18	24	t7w3	figs-metaphor		0	raised his eyes	Here the watchman looking to see something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: “looked out beyond the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	18	25	r6br	figs-metaphor		0	there is news in his mouth	Here the king speaks of the man having a message as if the news were an object sitting in his mouth. Alternate translation: “he has news to tell us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	18	27	zpr6	figs-simile		0	I think the running of the man in front is like the running of Ahimaaz son of Zadok	The watchman compares the way the man ran to the way Ahimaaz runs to suggest that it may be him. Alternate translation: “I think the man running in front is Ahimaaz son Zadok, because he runs like Ahimaaz” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	18	28	ft3g	translate-symaction		0	He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground	He did this to honor the king. Alternate translation: “He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground to honor the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	18	28	qm8v			0	Blessed be Yahweh	“Praise Yahweh.” Here “bless” means to praise.
2SA	18	28	e5ky	figs-metaphor		0	the men who lifted up their hand against my master the king	Here Ahimaaz speaks of the men opposing the king as if they were raising their hands before him. Alternate translation: “the men who opposed and fought against my master the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	18	29	l8s8			0	a great disturbance	This means that people were acting as though things were not right.
2SA	18	30	bg95			0	Turn aside and stand here	“Move out of the way” or “Stand aside”
2SA	18	31	e1tf	figs-idiom		0	rose up against	This means to oppose. Alternate translation: “opposed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	18	32	s9h4	figs-simile		0	The enemies of my master the king,…should be as that young man is	The Cushite uses a comparison as a polite way to tell the king that Absalom is dead. This can be stated more directly. Alternate translation: “I would like all your enemies…to die the way that young man died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	18	33	la2k			0	was deeply unnerved	“was very unhappy” or “was trembling with grief”
2SA	19	intro	abcj			0		# 2 Samuel 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David told to stop mourning Absalom<br>Joab warned David that if he continued to mourn Absalom and not thank his army, they would all desert him. So David went out to encourage the soldiers. David was both a good father and a good leader.<br><br>### David made king again<br>This chapter record the recognition that David was the true king of Israel. It is important to remember that even though Absalom had power for a while, David never stopped being the king.<br><br>### The ten tribes and Judah argue over David<br>The ten tribes of Israel argued with the tribe of Judah about who would bring David across the river. The men of Judah answered the ten tribes very harshly. This may foreshadow, or give a glimpse of, the future civil war that would come to divide these two groups.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>The people wanted David back as their king and expressed it in a rhetorical question: “So why are we not talking about bringing the king back?” David also used a question to persuade the people of Judah to bring him back: “You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	1	wl3f	figs-activepassive		0	Joab was told	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Joab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	19	1	ggg6			0	Look, the king is weeping	The word “Look” is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen, the king is weeping”
2SA	19	2	jq6i	figs-explicit		0	So the victory that day was turned into mourning for all the army	This means that the whole army mourned instead of celebrating. AT “So instead of celebrating victory that day, the whole army mourned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	19	3	c8b8	figs-simile		0	like people who are ashamed sneak away when they run from battle	The author compares the way that the soldiers had to sneak back into the city to the way that soldiers sneak away when they are running away from battle. This emphasizes that they were made to feel ashamed. Alternate translation: “in the same way that people who had run away from battle would sneak away because they were ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	19	3	z9zj			0	sneak	move without being seen by others
2SA	19	4	bt57	translate-symaction		0	The king covered his face	This is a way to express grief and mourning. Alternate translation: “The king showed his grief by covering his face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	19	5	ve2h	figs-synecdoche		0	You have shamed the faces of all your soldiers today	Here the soldiers are referred to by their face to emphasize how they would have hid their faces because of their shame” Alternate translation: “You have caused all your soldiers to hide their faces in shame today” or “You have caused all of your soldiers to be ashamed today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	19	6	sx3c	figs-hyperbole		0	nothing to you	This phrase is an exaggeration, but it expresses the very low value that David showed for the army. Alternate translation: “are worth very little to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	19	6	si4j	figs-hypo		0	if Absalom had lived, and we all had died, then that would have pleased you	The speaker is giving a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2SA	19	7	h9b9	figs-explicit		0	I swear by Yahweh	Joab is making a very strong oath. Alternate translation: “I swear, as surely as Yahweh is alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	19	7	p34h	figs-doublenegatives		0	if you do not go, not one man will remain with you	This means that only if David went would his soldiers remain with him. Alternate translation: “only if you go will any of your men remain with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2SA	19	7	m2uc	figs-idiom		0	not one man will remain with you	This refers to them remaining loyal to him. Alternate translation: “not one man will remain loyal to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	19	8	e6vs	figs-hyperbole		0	all the people were told	This is a generalization. It means most of the men. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many of the men who were there heard others saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	19	8	msv7			0	Look, the king is sitting	The word “Look” is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen, the king is sitting”
2SA	19	8	q8cd	figs-hyperbole		0	all the people	Here “the people” refer to the people who followed David. Here “all” is an generalization. It means a large number came and gathered around him. Alternate translation: “many of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	19	8	k5ue	figs-synecdoche		0	So Israel fled, every man to his home	Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers who followed Absalom. Alternate translation: “And every Israelite soldier fled to his own home” or “And all of the Israelite soldiers fled to their homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	19	9	ypj8	figs-metonymy		0	out of the hand of our enemies	Here “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “from under the control of our enemies” or “from our enemies’ control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	19	9	wn5a	figs-metonymy		0	out of the hand of the Philistines	Here “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “from under the control of the Philistines” or “from the Philistines’ control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	19	9	w56d	figs-explicit		0	out of the land because of Absalom	This means that he had left the country fleeing from Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “out of the country fleeing from Absalom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	19	10	h2rq	figs-rquestion		0	why do you say nothing about bringing the king back?	This means they should consider bringing David back now that Absalom was dead. The question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “we should be talking about bringing the king back.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	10	n7fv			0	the king	This refers to David.
2SA	19	11	ywv6	figs-idiom		0	sent to Zadok and to Abiathar	This means that David sent a messenger to Zadok and Abiathar. Alternate translation: “sent a messenger to Zadok and to Abiathar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	19	11	jd6q	figs-rquestion		0	Why are you the last to bring the king back…to bring him back to his palace?	This rhetorical question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	11	d4d9	figs-abstractnouns		0	since the talk of all Israel favors the king, to bring	The noun “talk” can be expressed with the verb “talk” or “speak.” Alternate translation: “since all Israel speaks favorably about the king and desires to bring” or “since what the people of Israel are saying is in the king’s favor, to bring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA	19	11	v8mv	figs-metaphor		0	to bring the king back to his palace	Here restoring the king’s authority to rule is spoken of as bringing him back to his palace. Alternate translation: “to restore the king’s authority as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	19	12	si3p	figs-metaphor		0	You are my brothers, my flesh and bone	The king uses these to phrases to emphasize that they are closely related. Being or having the same flesh is a metaphor for belonging to the same family or tribe. Alternate translation: “You are my brothers, and we have the same flesh and bone” or “You are my brothers, my close relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	19	12	n4pu	figs-rquestion		0	Why then are you the last to bring back the king?	This is the second rhetorical question here and it is also a rebuke for the elders of Judah. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	13	uf92	translate-names		0	Amasa	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	13	h28k	figs-rquestion		0	Are you not my flesh and my bone?	David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that they are related. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my flesh and my bones.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	13	f88h	figs-metaphor		0	my flesh and my bone	Here David speaks of them being related by saying that they have the same flesh and bones. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “my relative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	19	13	gk6u	figs-idiom		0	God do so to me	This is an idiom that means for God to kill him. Alternate translation: “May God kill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	19	14	g6z6	figs-metonymy		0	he won the hearts	Here the mens’ loyalty is referred to as their “hearts.” Alternate translation: “he won the loyalty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	19	14	w82p	figs-metaphor		0	as one man	This speaks of the men being united in their loyalty to the king as if they were one man with the same mind. Alternate translation: “and they were united together” or “they were united in their loyalty to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	19	14	a3id	figs-idiom		0	They sent to the king	This means that they sent a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “They sent a messenger to the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	19	16	p33r	translate-names		0	Gera	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	16	ke2l	translate-names		0	Bahurim	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	17	kj6a	translate-names		0	Ziba	This is the name of a man. Translate as you did in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	17	e34y	translate-numbers		0	one thousand men…fifteen sons…twenty servants	“1,000 men…15 sons…20 servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	19	17	s7u2	figs-explicit		0	in the presence of the king	This means that the king was there and was aware of what was happening. Alternate translation: “at the place where the king was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	19	19	tx71	figs-idiom		0	call to mind	This means “to remember.” Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	19	19	m7n5			0	your servant	Here Shimei refers to himself this way to humble himself before the king and honor the king.
2SA	19	19	s3zc	figs-idiom		0	not take it to heart	“To take something to heart” means to think about something seriously or to be bothered by it. Alternate translation: “not be bothered by it” or “forget about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	19	21	w2c6	translate-names		0	Abishai	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	21	p13v	translate-names		0	Zeruiah	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	21	yth5	figs-rquestion		0	Should not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed?	Abishai was angry at Shimei for cursing David and is suggesting that he should be killed. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Shimei should be put to death because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	21	spv5	figs-explicit		0	Yahweh’s anointed	This refers to David. It means that he is the man that Yahweh had anointed as king. Alternate translation: “the man that Yahweh has anointed as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	19	22	dn85	figs-rquestion		0	What have I to do with you…that you should today be adversaries to me?	David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	22	s4fe	figs-rquestion		0	Will any man be put to death today in Israel? For do I not know that today I am king over Israel?	David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	22	f3ky	figs-idiom		0	Will any man be put to death	This phrase “put to death” means to be killed or executed. Alternate translation: “Will any man be killed” or “Will I order any man to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	19	22	t2u7	figs-rquestion		0	For do I not know that today I am king over Israel?	Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are (1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or (2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	24	kg79	translate-names		0	Mephibosheth	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	24	sc2i			0	He had not dressed his feet	“He had not cared for his feet.” Mephibosheth’s feet were crippled. This phrase means that he had not taken proper care of his feet.
2SA	19	25	zrh9	figs-explicit		0	Why did you not go with me, Mephibosheth?	David is asking Mephibosheth why he did not go with David when David and all the people who followed him left Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Why did you not go with me when I left Jerusalem, Mephibosheth?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	19	27	vh2u	translate-names		0	Ziba	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	27	bk18	figs-simile		0	my master the king is like an angel of God	Here David’s wisdom is compared to the wisdom of an angel. Alternate translation: “my master the king is as wise as an angel of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	19	27	jn77	figs-idiom		0	do what is good in your eyes	This means to do what you think is right. Alternate translation: “do what you believe to be the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	19	28	rll4	figs-metaphor		0	all my father’s house were dead men before my master the king	Mephibosheth speaks of how his relatives had deserved to be executed as if they had already been executed and were dead. Alternate translation: “all my father’s house deserved for my master the king to order them to be executed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	19	28	ww9q	figs-metonymy		0	my father’s house	This refers to his father’s relatives. Alternate translation: “my father’s relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	19	28	fa5b	figs-rquestion		0	What right therefore have I that I should still cry any more to the king?	Mephibosheth uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he has no right to request anything from the king. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I have no right to ask the king to do anything else for me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	29	wt65	figs-rquestion		0	Why explain anything further?	David uses this rhetorical question to tell him that he does not need to continue talking about his conflict with Ziba. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to explain this any further.” or “You certainly do not need to say any more.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	31	yk1p	translate-names		0	Barzillai	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	31	zak8	translate-names		0	Gileadite	See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	31	w1ce	translate-names		0	Rogelim	See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	31	g56k			0	the Jordan	the Jordan River
2SA	19	32	ffn7	translate-names		0	Mahanaim	See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	32	cj9q	translate-numbers		0	eighty years old	“80 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	19	32	a2k7			0	had furnished the king with provisions	“had provided what the king needed”
2SA	19	34	y2r5	figs-rquestion		0	How many days are left in the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem?	Here Barzillai means that he is old and that there is no reason for him to accompany David. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	35	sy7w	translate-numbers		0	eighty years old	“80 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	19	35	n8fn	figs-rquestion		0	Can I distinguish between good and bad?	Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. Here “good” and “bad” refer to what is desirable and what is not. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot distinguish between what is desirable and what is not.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	35	d6qd	figs-rquestion		0	Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink?	Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot enjoy the taste of what I eat and drink.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	35	dgv2	figs-rquestion		0	Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women?	Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot hear well the voices of singing men and singing women.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	35	f2zi	figs-rquestion		0	Why then should your servant be a burden to my master the king?	Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not want to be a burden to the king. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your servant should not go with you and be a burden to you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	36	x8m1	figs-rquestion		0	Why should the king repay me with such a reward?	Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not know why the king would reward him this way. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know why the king would repay me with such a great reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	37	tj5t			0	General Information:	Barzillai asks that Kimham be allowed to take his place instead with David.
2SA	19	37	lt2a	translate-names		0	Kimham	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	19	37	wef7	figs-explicit		0	by the grave of my father and my mother	This does not mean that he wants to die right next to their graves, but rather, that he wants to die in the city where they are buried. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “where my father’s and my mother’s graves are” or “where my father and my mother are buried” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	19	37	sn5r	figs-ellipsis		0	Let him cross over	This refers to crossing the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “Let him cross over the Jordan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA	19	38	sm6q	figs-explicit		0	Kimham will go over with me	This refers to crossing the Jordan River. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Kimham will cross the river with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	19	40	v221	figs-ellipsis		0	crossed over to Gilgal	They crossed over the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “crossed over the river to Gilgal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA	19	40	hzp4			0	Kimham	See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 19:37](../19/37.md).
2SA	19	40	jw3n			0	All the army of Judah brought the king over, and also half the army of Israel	“All the army of Judah and half the army of Israel brought the king over”
2SA	19	40	t9rb	figs-ellipsis		0	brought the king over	They crossed over the Jordan River with the king. Alternate translation: “escorted the king over the river” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA	19	41	sbd9	figs-rquestion		0	Why have our brothers, the men of Judah…and all David’s men with him?	The men of Israel use this question to express that they feel betrayed by the people of Judah. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not right that our brothers, the men of Judah, who did not support you as king, had the privilege of bringing you and your family back across the Jordan River.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	41	r7ae	figs-metaphor		0	stolen you away	The men of Israel speak of how the men of Judah escorted the king across the river as if the king were something they stole that did not belong to them. Alternate translation: “taken you away from us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	19	41	hgi3			0	the Jordan	the Jordan River
2SA	19	42	nu1g	figs-rquestion		0	Why then are you angry about this?	The men of Judah ask this rhetorical question to rebuke the men of Israel. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you have no reason to be upset about this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	42	u3wj	figs-rquestion		0	Have we eaten anything that the king had to pay for? Has he given us any gifts?	The men of Judah ask the question to express that they have not taken anything from the king. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king has never paid for our food, and he has never given us any gifts.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	43	nbt3	figs-explicit		0	we have even more right to David than you	“we have a greater claim to David than you do.” It may be helpful to state clearly what having “more right” means. Alternate translation: “we have more right to serve the king and to be with the king than you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	19	43	vc2s	figs-rquestion		0	Why then did you despise us?	The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	43	vlb7	figs-rquestion		0	Was not our proposal to bring back our king the first to be heard?	The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	19	43	el5k			0	the words of the men of Judah were even more harsh than the words of the men of Israel	“the men of Judah spoke even more harshly than the men of Israel did”
2SA	20	intro	abck			0		# 2 Samuel 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sheba’s revolt<br>A man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judah’s king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br>Joab used an idiom “has lifted up his hand against the king, against David” meaning “revolted against David,” to explain why his army was attacking the city of Able. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	20	1	fz8c			0	to be at the same place	This refers to the town of Gilgal.
2SA	20	1	a6ci	translate-names		0	Sheba…Bikri	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	20	1	l45i	figs-parallelism		0	We have no part in David, neither have we any inheritance in the son of Jesse	Both of these statements mean the same thing. Sheba is emphasizing that he and the tribes of Israel have no relationship with David. Alternate translation: “The inheritance of David and his father’s family does not belong to us” or “We are not a part of David and his father’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	20	3	j97w	figs-idiom		0	to keep the palace	Here the phrase “to keep” means to take care of. Alternate translation: “to take care of the palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	20	3	e4kn	figs-idiom		0	in a house under guard	If a house is “under guard” it means that a guard is posted at the house. Alternate translation: “in a house and put a guard there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	20	3	ymh8	figs-euphemism		0	he did not lie with them	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he did not have sexual relations with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA	20	3	b16i	figs-idiom		0	they were shut up	This means that they were not allowed to leave the house. Alternate translation: “they were shut inside the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	20	3	p4su			0	widows	These are women whose husbands have died.
2SA	20	4	zm4y	translate-names		0	Amasa	This is the commander of David’s army. See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	20	6	ai94	translate-names		0	Abishai	This is another commander of David’s army. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	20	6	qm7j			0	do us more harm	“hurt us more”
2SA	20	6	gm22			0	your master’s servants, my soldiers	The phrase “my soldiers” clarifies which “servants.” David refers to himself as “your master” as a formal way of speaking to someone with less authority.
2SA	20	6	q3jp			0	pursue after	“chase after”
2SA	20	6	g2i6	figs-explicit		0	he will find fortified cities	This means that Sheba and his men will enter these cities to hide from David’s army. The word “he” represents Sheba but refers to both him and his men. Alternate translation: “he and his men will hide in fortified cities” or “he and his men will take refuge in fortified cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	20	6	lm43	figs-metonymy		0	out of our sight	Here David refers to his army by their sight to emphasize that Sheba and his men would be hidden and David’s army would be unable to capture them. Alternate translation: “from us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	20	7	x1ai	translate-names		0	Kerethites…Pelethites	These are the names of people groups who helped to protect King David. See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	20	8	kyh2			0	When they were	“When Joab and the men of Judah were”
2SA	20	8	g899			0	belt	a strip of leather or other material used to hold clothing or weapons in place
2SA	20	8	gg8n			0	sheathed sword	This means the sword was in its protective covering.
2SA	20	8	mw2c	figs-explicit		0	the sword fell out	Joab let the sword fall out to fool Amasa into thinking that he Joab was unarmed, so that Amasa would allow him to walk closer to him. Alternate translation: “he allowed the sword to fall on the ground so Amasa would think he was unarmed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	20	9	cca2			0	my cousin	Amasa was the son of the sister of Joab’s mother.
2SA	20	9	yw2u			0	took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him	This was a common way for men to greet one another.
2SA	20	10	e612			0	dagger	a short sword that is easy to hide and was often used for close-in fighting and assassinations
2SA	20	10	pd2k			0	bowels spilled	“intestines spilled”
2SA	20	11	m94g	figs-idiom		0	he who is for David	To be “for” someone means to support them. Alternate translation: “he who supports David” or “he who is loyal to David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	20	12	dp5t	figs-explicit		0	Amasa lay wallowing in his blood	“Amasa lay squirming in his blood.” Amasa may have still been alive and rolling in his blood, but he was probably dead by this time. It is described this way to show how gruesome his body looked. Alternate translation: “Amasa lay dead in his blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	20	12	r75k	figs-explicit		0	all the people stood still…came by him stood still	This means they stopped walking and were staring at Amasa’s dead body. Alternate translation: “all the people stood still staring at the dead body…came by him stood still, staring at his dead body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	20	12	rgl8			0	he carried Amasa	“he carried Amasa’s body”
2SA	20	13	y3pd	figs-activepassive		0	After Amasa was taken off the road	This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After the man took Amasa off the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	20	13	x48e	figs-abstractnouns		0	in pursuit of	This abstract noun can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “pursuing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA	20	14	ppx4	figs-synecdoche		0	Sheba passed through	Here “Sheba” refers to both him and his army. Alternate translation: “Sheba and his army” or “Sheba and his men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	20	14	b6n5	translate-names		0	Abel Beth Maacah	Both Abel and Beth Maacah names refer to the same place and may be combined. It is a city near the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	20	14	k4pw	translate-names		0	of the Bikrites	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	20	14	ig39			0	also pursued Sheba	“also followed Sheba”
2SA	20	15	u7dg			0	They caught up with him	“Joab and the soldiers caught up with him”
2SA	20	15	t6t2			0	against the city against the wall	“against the city wall”
2SA	20	15	n7h9	figs-explicit		0	battered the wall to knock it down	This means that they used a battering ram to knock down the wall. A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. Alternate translation: “used a battering ram to knock down the wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	20	16	k1s4			0	Listen, please listen	The repetition of “Listen” strengthens the woman’s plea.
2SA	20	17	a5x5			0	Listen to the words of your servant	The woman refers to herself as “your servant.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
2SA	20	18	xv3v			0	that advice would end the matter	“that advice would solve the problem”
2SA	20	19	l2yb	figs-ellipsis		0	most peaceful and faithful in Israel	This describes the cities. Alternate translation: “most peaceful and faithful cities in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA	20	19	vb6k	figs-metaphor		0	city that is a mother in Israel	This speaks of the importance of this city among the nation of Israel as if it were a well respected mother. Alternate translation: “city that everyone in Israel respects like they would their mother” or “city that is very important and that Israel respects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	20	19	f7wf	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you want to swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh?	Here the woman uses a rhetorical question to suggest to Joab what they should not do. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not destroy the city that is Yahweh’s inheritance!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	20	19	h83g	figs-metaphor		0	swallow up	Here the woman speaks of the army destroying the city as if the city were food to be swallowed. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	20	19	v31s	figs-metonymy		0	the inheritance of Yahweh	Here the city is referred to as Yahweh’s inheritance to emphasize that it belongs to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a city that belongs to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	20	20	kn3j	figs-idiom		0	Far be it, far be it from me, that I should	He repeats this phrase to emphasize that this is something he would never do. Alternate translation: “Truly, truly, I would never” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	20	20	u14u	figs-ellipsis		0	that I should swallow up or destroy	This refers to destroying the city. This may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that I should swallow up or destroy your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2SA	20	20	lh3j	figs-doublet		0	swallow up or destroy	Both of these phrases means to destroy. In the first phrase “destroying” is spoken of as if it were “swallowing.” These may be combined. Alternate translation: “ruin or destroy the city” or “destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	20	21	bq5h	figs-idiom		0	has lifted up his hand against	This means to rebel and fight against someone. Alternate translation: “has opposed” or “is rebelling against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	20	21	vu8h	figs-idiom		0	Give up him alone	Joab is asking for the people of the city to release Sheba to him. Alternate translation: “Hand this man over to us” or “Give this man to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	20	21	rt99	figs-synecdoche		0	I will withdraw from the city	Here the “I” refers to both Joab and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “We will withdraw from the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	20	21	tda3	figs-activepassive		0	His head will be thrown	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “We will throw his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	20	22	p855	figs-explicit		0	Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom	This means that the woman acted wisely and spoke to her people about what they should do. Alternate translation: “Then the wise woman spoke to all the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	20	22	l63y			0	every man to his home	“every man went to his own home”
2SA	20	23	ail7	writing-background		0	Now	“Now” marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information about the men who served King David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2SA	20	23	bu9z	figs-idiom		0	Joab was over…Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over	The phrase “was over” refers to having authority over a group of people. Alternate translation: “Joab had authority over…Benaiah son of Jehoiada had authority over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	20	23	di2d	translate-names		0	Benaiah…Jehoiada	Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	20	23	s3i1	translate-names		0	Kerethites…Pelethites	Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	20	24	hw6f	figs-idiom		0	Adoniram was over	The phrase “was over” refers to having authority over a group of people. Alternate translation: “Adoniram had authority over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	20	24	qv95	translate-names		0	Adoniram	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	20	24	rx8x			0	the men who did forced labor	“the slave workers”
2SA	20	24	hbx2	translate-names		0	Jehoshaphat…Ahilud	Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:16](../08/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	20	25	pjz3	translate-names		0	Sheva	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	20	26	w67i	translate-names		0	Ira	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	20	26	qk9a	translate-names		0	Jairite	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	intro	abcl			0		# 2 Samuel 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Famine caused by a broken oath<br>When Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gideon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathan’s sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>### Wisdom, grace and justice<br>David is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
2SA	21	1	yc9z	figs-synecdoche		0	sought the face of Yahweh	Here “face” is a synecdoche for Yahweh’s presence. This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	21	1	f1fs			0	because of Saul and his murderous family	Saul had killed many Gibeonites, and Saul’s descendants are guilty because of this sin.
2SA	21	2	j82w	writing-background		0	Now	Here “Now” marks a break in the main story line. This gives background information about the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2SA	21	3	r66c	figs-parallelism		0	What should I do for you? How can I make atonement…promises?	These two sentences have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “What can I do to remove this sin, so that you may bless the people of Yahweh, who inherit his goodness and promises?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	21	4	xp8q			0	It is not a matter of silver or gold	“Money will not solve the problem”
2SA	21	5	tq7e			0	who schemed against us	“who made plans against us”
2SA	21	6	hce6	figs-activepassive		0	let seven men from his descendants be handed over to us	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow your men to give seven of his descendants to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	21	6	ac94			0	we will hang them	“we will execute them by hanging”
2SA	21	6	gb8q			0	in Gibeah of Saul	Saul was from the town of Gibeah.
2SA	21	6	s77u	figs-activepassive		0	the one chosen by Yahweh	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh chose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	21	7	u686			0	Mephibosheth	Mephibosheth was the son of Jonathan. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
2SA	21	8	nz4w			0	Rizpah…Aiah	Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/07.md).
2SA	21	8	vnv4	translate-names		0	Armoni and Mephibosheth…Adriel…Barzillai	These are names of men. This is not the same Mephibosheth as the son of Jonathan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	8	ab2b			0	Merab	This is the name of a woman. See how you translated it in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/13.md).
2SA	21	8	p5t5	translate-names		0	Meholathite	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	9	ji6t	figs-metonymy		0	He handed them over into the hands of the Gibeonites	Here “the hands of the Gibeonites” represents the Gibeonite people’s control. Alternate translation: “He gave them to the Gibeonites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	21	9	uyb2	figs-activepassive		0	They were put to death	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Gibeonites put them to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	21	10	vaz5			0	Rizpah…Aiah	Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/07.md).
2SA	21	11	hs9e	figs-activepassive		0	It was told to David	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	21	12	z1rv			0	Jabesh Gilead	Jabesh is a town in the region of Gilead. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 2:4](../02/04.md).
2SA	21	12	vw7s			0	the public square	This is an area near the city gate where people did various kinds of business.
2SA	21	12	nd8d	translate-names		0	Beth Shan	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	12	ku3i			0	Gilboa	See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 1:6](../01/06.md).
2SA	21	13	n7ji	figs-activepassive		0	who had been hanged	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Gibeonites executed by hanging” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	21	14	ai2f	translate-names		0	Zela	This is the name of a town in Benjamin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	14	bga5	translate-names		0	Kish	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	14	kw3r			0	his father	“Saul’s father”
2SA	21	16	d7sb	translate-names		0	Ishbi-Benob	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	16	b31k	translate-bweight		0	three hundred shekels	“300 shekels.” This is about 3.4 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	21	17	e49h			0	Abishai son of Zeruiah	Abishai and Zeruiah are names of men. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
2SA	21	17	d893	figs-metaphor		0	you do not put out the lamp of Israel	The “lamp of Israel” is a metaphor that refers to David’s leadership and the idea that if David were to die, the people of Israel would have no clear direction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	21	18	i8h8			0	It came about after this that	This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2SA	21	18	ei1h	translate-names		0	Gob	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	18	zih5	translate-names		0	Sibbekai…Saph	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	18	zz7e	translate-names		0	Hushathite…Rephaim	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	18	g7p1	translate-names		0	Rephaim	This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	19	pv8s	translate-textvariants		0	Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite	Some versions translate this as “Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
2SA	21	19	xl44	translate-names		0	Elhanan son of Jair…Goliath	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	19	x5yp	translate-names		0	Bethlehemite…Gittite	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	19	b7w9	figs-simile		0	whose spear was like a weaver’s beam	When a person was weaving a cloth he would run the threads through hooks attached to large sticks called a “weaver’s beam.” This means Goliath’s spear was larger than a normal spear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	21	20	nqr4	translate-numbers		0	twenty-four in number	“24 fingers and toes altogether” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	21	20	cka4	translate-names		0	Rephaim	This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	21	j56u	translate-names		0	Jonathan son of Shimeah	These are names of men. Shimeah was David’s brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	21	22	mqg8	figs-idiom		0	they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers	Here “by the hand of” means “through” or “by.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	22	intro	abcm			0		# 2 Samuel 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 22:2-51.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God rescued David<br>God rescued David when he thought he would die. He protected David, fought against his enemies, and enabled him to defeat his enemies.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>David uses many metaphors to express his trust in God’s protection: “my rock, my fortress, my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge.” He used other metaphors to express his hopelessness: “the waves of death surrounded me,” “the rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me,” “the cords of sheol surrounded me;” “the snares of death trapped me,” and “the surging water.” He also used metaphors for the victory God gave him: “I can run over a barricade” and “by my God I can leap over a wall.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
2SA	22	1	vx4y	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	David’s song to Yahweh starts. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	1	sh9l			0	out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul	This is a progression from enemies in general to one specific enemy of David, King Saul.
2SA	22	1	gzu9	figs-metonymy		0	out of the hand of	This metonym means “out of the power of.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	22	2	t5y8	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is my rock, my fortress	This metaphor shows a progression from a part, “rock,” to the whole, “fortress.” A fortress is built of many large rocks. This means Yahweh has the strength to protect his people from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	3	e7pg	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	3	h8pd	figs-metaphor		0	God is my rock…He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold	All of these metaphors are symbols of God’s strength and power. They emphasize God’s ability to protect and save his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	4	v4up	figs-activepassive		0	who is worthy to be praised	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who is worthy to receive praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	22	4	p1jc	figs-activepassive		0	I will be saved from my enemies	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will save me from my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	22	5	fm3w	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	5	xvj7	figs-metaphor		0	For the waves of death surrounded me, the rushing waters of destruction overwhelmed me	David compares the wicked men who wanted to kill him to flood waters that are about to drown him. These sentences have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	5	p6bv			0	the rushing waters of destruction	This is a picture of fast-flowing flood waters that destroy everything in their path.
2SA	22	6	d6ka	figs-personification		0	The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me	David speaks about death and Sheol as if they are people who are trying to trap him as a hunter traps an animal. These phrases have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	7	iv59	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	7	m7xw			0	In my distress	“In my great trouble”
2SA	22	7	dv16			0	he heard my voice from his temple	David is referring to the heavenly temple where Yahweh dwells. The earthly temple has not yet been built.
2SA	22	7	v2zx	figs-metonymy		0	my call for help went into his ears	Here the metonym “his ears” refers to Yahweh and his hearing of David’s call for help. Alternate translation: “he heard my prayer for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	22	7	w8ts	figs-personification		0	his ears	David speaks of Yahweh as if he had ears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA	22	8	by1e	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	8	ai6g	figs-metaphor		0	Then the earth shook	This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of the earth shaking to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	8	gxt8	figs-merism		0	earth shook…heavens trembled	David speaks of the two extremes to include everything in creation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2SA	22	8	x6xl	figs-activepassive		0	and were shaken, because God was angry	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because God’s anger shook them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	22	9	qf19	figs-metaphor		0	were ignited by it	This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of fire coming from Yahweh to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	9	c8xq	figs-personification		0	his nostrils…his mouth	David speaks of Yahweh as if he had these humans parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA	22	9	cq54	figs-metaphor		0	Coals were ignited by it	Here Yahweh’s anger is compared to fire, which causes coals to ignite and burn. Alternate translation: “The flame from his mouth set coals on fire” or “He also sent burning coals from his mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	10	e2j2	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	10	f5ym	figs-metaphor		0	He opened the heavens	David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	10	pg86	figs-personification		0	under his feet	David speaks of God as having feet like humans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA	22	11	r4l7	figs-activepassive		0	He was seen on the wings of the wind	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He appeared on the wings of the wind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	22	11	gmc9	figs-metaphor		0	the wings of the wind	This expression speaks of the wind as if it were a bird. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	12	mit5	figs-metaphor		0	rain clouds in the skies	David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	12	ee39	figs-metaphor		0	He made darkness a tent around him	Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. Alternate translation: “He hid himself in the darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	13	x4bf	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	David’s song to Yahweh continues. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	13	t957			0	From the lightning before him coals of fire fell	Possible meanings are (1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or (2) “From his brightness he sent lightning”
2SA	22	13	g4lk	figs-metaphor		0	From the lightning before him	David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	14	d4ht	figs-personification		0	The Most High shouted.	David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA	22	15	h783	figs-personification		0	He shot arrows	David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA	22	15	i235	figs-metaphor		0	He shot arrows…lightning bolts	David compares the lightning from Yahweh’s storm to arrows that a soldier would use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	15	rg2n	figs-metaphor		0	lightning bolts and dispersed them	David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	16	hl1s	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	This continues David’s song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	16	za11	figs-metaphor		0	Then the channels of the sea were seen…breath of his nostrils	When Yahweh shouted in his attack against David’s enemies, it is compared to his power to create upheaval in the deepest parts of the ocean and the earth. This shows his great power and fierce anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA	22	16	dcq2	figs-activepassive		0	the channels of the sea were seen	This means that the sea water moved and the ocean floor was visible. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People could see the channels of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	22	16	it2c			0	the channels of the sea	the deepest part of the sea, from which the Hebrews believed was where the water in the sea came
2SA	22	16	kcr5	figs-activepassive		0	the foundations of the world were laid bare at the rebuke of Yahweh, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils	David compares Yahweh’s anger to turbulent movements of the ground. “This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s rebuke, the breath of his nostrils, laid bare the foundations of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	22	17	a1rh	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	This continues David’s song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	17	kw87	figs-metaphor		0	out of the surging water	David compares his enemies to a flood that threatens to drown him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	18	lg3q			0	He rescued me from my strong enemy	David’s enemies were overwhelming. He praises God for delivering him from all his enemies.
2SA	22	19	p8zw	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	This continues David’s song to Yahweh. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	19	zv1u			0	They came against me on the day of my distress	“My enemies fought against me when I was in great trouble”
2SA	22	19	nty3			0	the day of my distress	“the time of my distress”
2SA	22	19	v9h4			0	but Yahweh was my support	“but Yahweh supported me” or “but Yahweh helped me”
2SA	22	20	yh2u			0	a wide open place	This refers to a place where there was no danger and his enemies could not trap him.
2SA	22	21	en85	figs-idiom		0	to the measure of the cleanness of my hands	Here “cleanness of my hands” means the same as “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because I obey his commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	22	ui5d			0	General Information:	David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	22	s787			0	I have kept the ways of Yahweh	Here “the ways of Yahweh” refers to how Yahweh wants his people to act. This means David has done what Yahweh commands.
2SA	22	23	ze3e			0	have been before me	This means David constantly reads and thinks about God’s decrees.
2SA	22	24	fv6x			0	General Information:	David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	24	j1e5	figs-idiom		0	I have kept myself from sin	This refers to choosing not to sin against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	22	25	qdu9	figs-idiom		0	to the degree of my cleanness in his sight	Here “my cleanness” means the same as “my righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because he knows that I have done what he commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	26	s5yt			0	General Information:	David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	27	b64p			0	you are perverse to the twisted	Here “perverse” means to be cunning or crafty, and “twisted” means to turn away from what is good and right. This means God is wise in how he deals with wicked people.
2SA	22	28	p62n			0	General Information:	David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	28	yma2	figs-personification		0	your eyes are against the proud	Here the metonym “your eyes” refers to what Yahweh sees. This means Yahweh watches the proud person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2SA	22	28	b16y			0	you bring them down	“you destroy their pride”
2SA	22	29	h2zr	figs-metaphor		0	you are my lamp, Yahweh. Yahweh lights up my darkness	This metaphor compares Yahweh to a lamp, which means he gives David light and helps him to see when things seem hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	30	i7gq			0	General Information:	David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	30	l2yd			0	I can run over a barricade	Here “barricade” may refer to a group of soldiers or to a stone wall. Either way it means God enables David to defeat his enemies.
2SA	22	30	ul6k	figs-hyperbole		0	I can leap over a wall	David is exaggerating to emphasize Yahweh’s help. Alternate translation: “I can climb over the wall that surrounds their city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	22	31	gj1g			0	The word of Yahweh is pure	“Everything Yahweh says is true”
2SA	22	31	udr8	figs-metonymy		0	He is a shield	The metaphor “a shield” emphasizes God’s power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	22	32	ydz2			0	General Information:	David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	32	p5ua	figs-rquestion		0	For who is God except Yahweh, and who is a rock except our God?	David uses this question to emphasize that there is no God apart from Yahweh. These may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Yahweh alone is God. Our God alone is a rock.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	22	32	d37f	figs-metaphor		0	who is a rock	David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his strength and ability to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	33	c5tv			0	he leads the blameless person on his path	Yahweh keeps the blameless person safe and removes anything that may harm him.
2SA	22	34	b4kp			0	General Information:	David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	34	wm3b	figs-simile		0	He makes my feet swift like a deer and places me on the high hills	Here David’s feet are compared to those of a deer using exaggeration. Yahweh gives David the strength to move quickly and provides secure places for protection and rest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA	22	35	n5gz	figs-synecdoche		0	my hands…and my arms	Both of these refer to David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	22	35	p7ie			0	to bend a bow of bronze	Only a very strong man could use a bow made from metal.
2SA	22	36	ks2j			0	General Information:	David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	36	ly9s	figs-metaphor		0	the shield of your salvation	David compares Yahweh’s power to save him to a shield that protects a soldier from his enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	36	ae4t			0	your favor	God answered David’s prayers and granted him blessings and success over his enemies.
2SA	22	37	p573	figs-synecdoche		0	You have made a wide place for my feet beneath me	Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. Here he refers to himself by his “feet” to emphasize his ability to stand securely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	22	38	y311			0	General Information:	David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	38	w4kt			0	pursued my enemies	“chased my enemies”
2SA	22	39	ax1n	figs-metaphor		0	I devoured them and smashed them	Here David compares himself to a wild animal. Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed them like a wild animal devouring its prey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	39	e2qk	figs-metonymy		0	under my feet	Here “feet” refers to the power and control of victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	22	40	u95h			0	General Information:	David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	40	k5cg	figs-simile		0	You put strength on me like a belt for battle	Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA	22	40	ea24			0	you put under me those who rise up against me	“you helped me defeat those who fought against me”
2SA	22	41	p97v			0	the back of my enemies’ necks	Possible meanings are (1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or (2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him.
2SA	22	41	ip4h			0	I annihilated	“I completely destroyed”
2SA	22	42	a9ti			0	General Information:	David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	42	h32w			0	They cried	“My enemies cried”
2SA	22	42	c9qg			0	they cried out to Yahweh, but he did not answer them	The time for Yahweh’s judgment had come upon them.
2SA	22	43	fum1	figs-simile		0	like dust on the ground…like mud in the streets	This means that David completely destroyed his enemies. These two phrases “like dust on the ground” and “like mud on the streets” have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	22	44	ei29			0	General Information:	David continues his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	44	th42			0	from the disputes of my own people	This refers to those among the Israelites who rebelled against King David.
2SA	22	44	tjl8			0	You have kept me as the head of nations	“You placed me as ruler over the nations.” Here “nations” refers to other nations besides Israel.
2SA	22	44	p5i2			0	A people that I have not known	“A foreign people”
2SA	22	45	t5y6	figs-activepassive		0	Foreigners were forced to bow to me	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Foreigners bowed down to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	22	47	u5bd	figs-parallelism		0	May my rock be praised. May God be exalted	These sentences have similar meaning and are used for emphasis. These may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May everyone praise my rock. May everyone exalt God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	22	47	xr9u	figs-metaphor		0	my rock…the rock	David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	22	48	z1qb			0	the one who brings down peoples under me	“the one who puts the people of other nations under my rule”
2SA	22	49	iu4b			0	you lifted me up above those who rose up against me	“you saved me from my enemies and gave me honor”
2SA	22	49	e1y3			0	from violent men	“from those who want to harm me”
2SA	22	50	r7zu			0	General Information:	David concludes his song to Yahweh.
2SA	22	50	qk4d	figs-metonymy		0	to your name	Here the metonym “name” refers to Yahweh’s reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	22	51	fz6y			0	he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one	Here David may be referring to the promises Yahweh made in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md)
2SA	23	intro	abcn			0		# 2 Samuel 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:2-7.<br><br>2 Samuel 23:8-39 is a list of the famous people in David’s army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Everlasting covenant<br>This is a reference to the covenant God previously made with David. (See: [2 Samuel 7](../07/01.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]).
2SA	23	1	jk1i			0	Now	This marks the beginning of a new section of the book.
2SA	23	1	lw9i			0	these are the last words	This refers to what David will say in 2 Samuel 23:2-7.
2SA	23	1	hvt1	figs-activepassive		0	the man who was highly honored, the one anointed by the God of Jacob	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man whom the God of Jacob highly honored and anointed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	23	1	y2lz	translate-symaction		0	anointed by the God of Jacob	Anointing was done by pouring oil on a person’s head. This was done to choose who would serve God as king or priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	23	1	khe9			0	psalmist	This is a person who writes psalms or songs.
2SA	23	2	ey25			0	by me	by David
2SA	23	2	r3yy	figs-metonymy		0	and his word was on my tongue	Here “on my tongue” is a metonym for David speaking. Alternate translation: “he gave me a message to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	23	3	il6g			0	General Information:	This continues David’s last words.
2SA	23	3	c9yd	figs-parallelism		0	The God of Israel spoke, the Rock of Israel…me	Here the “God of Israel” is the same as the “Rock of Israel.” The two phrases say essentially the same thing. David compares God to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	23	3	w218	figs-parallelism		0	The one who rules righteously over men, who rules in the fear of God	These two sentences both say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	23	3	a7ac			0	in the fear of God	“respecting God”
2SA	23	4	er3p	figs-simile		0	He will be like the morning light…sunshine after rain	Here God is comparing the king to the morning light and sunshine after the rain. These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. These two phrases have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “He will be a delight to all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	23	5	rp1i			0	General Information:	This continues David’s last words.
2SA	23	5	hef3	figs-rquestion		0	Indeed, is my family not like this before God?	Here David is saying that he agrees with God. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family is indeed like this before God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	23	5	n1tt	figs-rquestion		0	Has he not made…way?	David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He has indeed made…way.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	23	5	gq5b			0	ordered and sure	This means God’s covenant is properly organized and will not change so David’s family can trust it.
2SA	23	5	r8xz	figs-rquestion		0	Does he not increase my salvation…desire?	David believes that God will always help him and cause him to prosper. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He increases my salvation and gives me my every desire.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	23	6	abg3			0	General Information:	This concludes David’s last words.
2SA	23	6	ic15	figs-simile		0	But the worthless will all be like thorns to be thrown away	Here the wicked person is compared to useless thorns. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But the wicked person is worthless and dangerous like thorns we throw away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	23	6	dgn8			0	because they cannot be gathered by one’s hands	“because no one can pick them up with his hands without the thorns hurting him”
2SA	23	7	api5			0	They must be burned up where they lie	“Where thorns are found, that is where they must be burned.” This means God will destroy wicked people.
2SA	23	8	ck79	translate-names		0	Jeshbaal	This is the name of a man. Other versions read Josheb Basshebeth, Jashobeam, Ishbaal, or Ishbosheth because various ancient copies have these variations. Translators may choose to say this in a footnote to their translation (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	23	8	pka9	translate-names		0	Hachmonite	This is the name of a people group. Alternate translation: “son of Hachmon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	23	8	vbh7	translate-numbers		0	eight hundred	“800” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	23	9	lp1n	translate-names		0	General Information:	This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	23	10	lw96	figs-explicit		0	The army returned after Eleazar	This means that the army returned after Eleazar returned from battle. Alternate translation: “The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleazer had already won the battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	23	10	jab4			0	only to strip the bodies	“only to take what they wanted from the dead bodies of the enemies”
2SA	23	11	pm7m	translate-names		0	General Information:	This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	23	11	kv12			0	a field of lentils	“a field where someone had planted lentils”
2SA	23	11	t6zi	translate-unknown		0	lentils	a flat seed, eaten like beans (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2SA	23	11	dqs9			0	the army fled	“the Israelite army ran away”
2SA	23	13	jyy8			0	Three of the thirty	These are not the same three soldiers mentioned in [2 Samuel 23:8-12](./08.md).
2SA	23	13	de7l	translate-numbers		0	the thirty	“the 30” or “the thirty bravest Israelite soldiers.” The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	23	13	y5db	translate-names		0	cave of Adullam	“cave near the town of Adullam.” Adullam is near Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	23	13	w9u8			0	Valley of Rephaim	This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 5:18](../05/18.md).
2SA	23	14	f68v			0	in his stronghold	“in his protected place”
2SA	23	14	pej4			0	the Philistines had established at Bethlehem	“some Philistines soldiers were controlling the village of Bethlehem”
2SA	23	16	r8yf			0	broke through the army	“fought their way through the enemy army”
2SA	23	17	nz91	figs-rquestion		0	Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives?	David compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Drinking this water would be like drinking the blood of those men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	23	18	jjf7			0	Abishai…Zeruiah	These are the names of men. Translate them as in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
2SA	23	18	xve2			0	captain over the three	This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David.
2SA	23	18	cs6f	translate-numbers		0	three hundred men	“300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	23	18	gxa6	figs-activepassive		0	He was often mentioned along with the three soldiers	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People often mentioned him when they spoke about the three bravest men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	23	19	ir5c	figs-rquestion		0	Was he not even more famous than the three?	This question is used to emphasize how famous he was. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He was even more famous than the three.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA	23	19	gph9			0	three most famous soldiers	This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah. Abishai was not as famous as these soldiers.
2SA	23	20	l41w	translate-names		0	Kabzeel	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	23	20	g72h			0	Jehoiada	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
2SA	23	20	vqy6			0	Ariel	This is the name of a man.
2SA	23	22	k95v			0	did these feats	“did these mighty deeds”
2SA	23	22	y87l	figs-activepassive		0	he was named alongside the three mighty men	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people praise him like they praised the three mighty men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	23	22	nbw7			0	three mighty men	This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah.
2SA	23	23	b1df	translate-numbers		0	He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three mighty men	“He was more famous than the other 30 soldiers except for the three best soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	23	23	l8t2			0	his bodyguard	a group of soldiers in charge of guarding David
2SA	23	24	q89a	translate-names		0	General Information:	This is a list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	23	24	h79d	translate-numbers		0	The thirty	“The 30 very famous soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	23	29	f94u	translate-names		0	General Information:	This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	23	33	en3j	translate-names		0	General Information:	This continues the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	23	37	ud59	translate-names		0	General Information:	This concludes the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	23	39	t6d8	translate-numbers		0	thirty-seven in all	“there were 37 total” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	24	intro	abco			0		# 2 Samuel 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Counting soldiers<br>David ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
2SA	24	1	c86d	figs-metaphor		0	the anger of Yahweh was ignited against Israel	The word “ignite” means start a fire. Here Yahweh’s anger is compared to that of a fire. Alternate translation: “the anger of Yahweh started to burn like a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	24	1	dq6l			0	he moved David against them	“he caused David to oppose them”
2SA	24	1	x6eq	figs-explicit		0	Go, count Israel and Judah	In the law of Moses, God prohibited the kings of Israel from taking a census of fighting men. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA	24	2	u7bz	figs-merism		0	Dan to Beersheba	This phrase uses two place names Dan, in the far north, and Beersheba, in the far south, to represent the entire country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2SA	24	2	fu4s			0	count all the people…fit for battle	This means to count all the men except those men who are either too young, too old, or physically unable to fight.
2SA	24	3	qi23	translate-numbers		0	multiply…hundred times	This means “produce 100 more people for every one person there is now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	24	4	b9zy			0	the king’s word was final against Joab	Joab and the other commanders of King David’s army were not able to convince David to not take a census.
2SA	24	4	c8cv	figs-synecdoche		0	the king’s word	This phrase represents the king’s command to them. Alternate translation: “what the king had commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA	24	5	h1bw			0	They crossed	“Joab and the commanders of the army crossed”
2SA	24	5	pt7b	translate-names		0	Aroer	This was a city on the northern edge of the Arnon River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	24	5	zpx8	translate-names		0	Jazer	This is a town in Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	24	6	wc3c	translate-names		0	Tahtim Hodshi	This may refer to the town of Kadesh in the land of the Hittite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	24	8	db36			0	they had gone	“Joab and the commanders had gone”
2SA	24	8	i1gd	translate-numbers		0	nine months and twenty days	“9 months and 20 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	24	9	qq68			0	Then Joab reported the total of the count of the fighting men to the king	“Then Joab told the king the total number of men ready for battle”
2SA	24	9	b91x			0	in Israel	This refers to the northern tribes of Israel.
2SA	24	9	k78w	translate-numbers		0	800,000…500,000	“eight hundred thousand…five hundred thousand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	24	9	t1ix	figs-metonymy		0	who drew the sword	This metonym refers to the men who were ready to fight in the army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	24	9	e4ft			0	of Judah	This refers to the southern tribe of Judah.
2SA	24	10	cb8t	figs-metonymy		0	David’s heart afflicted him	The “heart” here is a metonym for David’s emotions and conscience. Alternate translation: “David felt guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	24	10	bvb3			0	Now, Yahweh, take away your servant’s guilt	David refers to himself as “your servant.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
2SA	24	11	h1gv	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh came to the prophet Gad, David’s seer, saying,	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to the prophet Gad, David’s seer. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to the prophet Gad, David’s seer:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA	24	11	a4ac			0	David’s seer	This means Gad was the official prophet in the royal palace.
2SA	24	14	q8an			0	I am in deep trouble	“I am in terrible trouble”
2SA	24	14	d6ux	figs-metonymy		0	Let us fall into Yahweh’s hands rather than into the hand of man	Here “hands” refer to power or control. Alternate translation: “Let Yahweh and not people punish us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	24	15	jgc8			0	a fixed time	This is the time God decided he would stop the plague.
2SA	24	15	s22f	translate-numbers		0	seventy thousand	“70,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA	24	15	gt1z	figs-merism		0	from Dan to Beersheba	Here mentioning the city of Dan in the extreme north and the city Beersheba in the extreme south means the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2SA	24	16	tl5x	figs-metonymy		0	the angel reached out with his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it	Here the metonym “hand” stands for the angel’s power. Alternate translation: “the angel was about to destroy the people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	24	16	ap2v			0	Yahweh changed his mind because of the harm	This means that Yahweh stopped the evil that he was allowing the angel to do. Alternate translation: “Yahweh felt grieved about the harm”
2SA	24	16	x95i	figs-metonymy		0	Now draw back your hand	The metonym “hand” stands for the angel’s power. Alternate translation: “Do not harm them any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	24	16	y4es	translate-names		0	Araunah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA	24	16	ug3p			0	the threshing floor	A threshing floor was a hard, flat surface where edible grain was separated from chaff.
2SA	24	17	c2r6	figs-parallelism		0	I have sinned, and I have acted perversely	These phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I have sinned terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA	24	17	b9vn	figs-rquestion		0	But these sheep, what have they done?	David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “These ordinary people have done nothing wrong.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	24	17	e2dt	figs-metonymy		0	Please let your hand punish me	Here the metonym “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “Please punish me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	24	20	q15a	translate-symaction		0	bowed to the king with his face to the ground	He was showing deep respect and honor to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA	24	21	r7k9	figs-activepassive		0	so that the plague may be removed from the people	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh will remove this plague from the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA	24	22	bwm7	figs-metaphor		0	what is good in your sight	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what you think is good” or “what is good in your judgement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA	24	22	p54x			0	threshing sledges	heavy boards used to separate grain from the rest of the wheat plant
2SA	24	24	m1m6	figs-doublenegatives		0	I will not offer…anything that costs me nothing	This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “I will only offer…something that I have paid for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2SA	24	24	w2n6	translate-numbers		0	fifty shekels	“50 shekels.” A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
2SA	24	25	xl51	figs-metonymy		0	on behalf of the land	Here the metonym “land” stands for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “on behalf of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA	24	25	lp9s	figs-activepassive		0	the plague on Israel was confined	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God confined the plague that had been on Israel” or “God took the plague away from Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])