Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
MIC	front	intro	hp4d	Introduction to Micah		0		# Introduction to Micah<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of the Book of Micah<br><br>1. God promises to punish the northern and southern kingdoms (1:1–16)<br>1. Those who take advantage of others are guilty (2:1-3:12)<br>- Rich people who oppress poor people (2:1–11)<br>- Promise to be delivered and restored (2:12–13)<br>- Rulers, priests, and prophets condemned (3:1–12)<br>1. Yahweh's victory for all Israel (4:1-5:15)<br>- Yahweh will rule over all the nations (4:1–10)<br>- Israel will be destroyed, then will be victorious over its enemies (4:11–13)<br>- Messiah will shepherd his flock and devastate the nations who fought against him (5:1–6)<br>- Messiah will destroy everything that harmed his people (5:7–15)<br>1. Yahweh's case against Israel (6:1-16)<br>- Yahweh reminds Israel when he led them out of slavery in Egypt (6:1–5)<br>- Israel punished; true repentance (6:6–16)<br>1. Israel miserable and Israel restored (7:1-20)<br>- Israel broken and miserable (7:1–7)<br>- Israel will rise again (7:8–13)<br>- Yahweh restores and gives grace (7:14–20)<br><br>#### What is the Book of Micah about?<br><br>This book contains many of Micah's prophecies. Micah repeated many similar prophecies as found in Isaiah.  Micah warned the kingdoms of Israel and Judah that the Assyrians would soon attack them. Micah condemned those who acted unjustly and immorally. He spoke against those who did not work for a living. He also spoke against the false prophets in Israel and Judah. These false prophets were telling the people that Yahweh would never let a foreign kingdom harm or conquer them.<br><br>Micah called the people to please Yahweh by living righteous and holy lives. However, the sinful way they lived and the unjust way they treated their fellow countrymen proved that they no longer wanted to obey and honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may decide to translate the traditional title "The Book of Micah" or just "Micah" in a way that is clearer to the readers. They may decide to call it "The Sayings of Micah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>#### Who wrote Micah?<br><br>The prophet Micah probably wrote this book. Micah lived at the same time as Isaiah and Hosea. This was sometime between 750 and 700 B.C., during the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. He began prophesying when he lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Then he moved to the kingdom of Judah.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### Who is the deliverer Micah mentions?<br><br>Micah frequently mentioned a king who would deliver the people. It is clear that Micah meant the Messiah, the descendant of David who would rule forever, though he never referred to him as the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>#### Were the Israelites required to offer sacrifices or live holy lives to please Yahweh?<br><br>Many of the Old Testament writers were concerned with offering sacrifices according to the law of Moses. However, Micah explained to the people that Yahweh was pleased only when they offered these sacrifices in faith. Without faith, the sacrifices had no meaning. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>#### Why does Micah 1:10-16 sound unusual?<br><br>This passage sounds unusual because of how it is constructed in Hebrew. It includes what is called a play on words. The names of the cities were used to describe how they would be destroyed. For example, in Hebrew "Lachish" sounds like "to the chariots." This is a poetic form that might not be the actual way they would be punished.<br><br>#### What does a translator need to know before translating Micah?<br><br>Micah did not often explain how his prophecies were historically situated. This may result in the translator failing to understand implicit information unless they understand Micah's time. It is therefore suggested that translators understand well the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>#### How do I translate passages where the speaker or addressee is not mentioned explicitly?<br><br>Micah did not usually say who was speaking or who was being addressed. Reading the verses before and after the quote will often help the reader to understand who is speaking or being addressed. It is acceptable to make this information explicit so the reader can more easily understand it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>#### How should the text of Micah be formatted?<br><br>The ULT uses a poetic language style like the Hebrew text. Many languages can do this but some languages will not be able to do this. The ULT also sets apart the poetic portions of the text by setting the poetic lines farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. With the exception of the first verse, the entire book is indented because the prophecies were written as a series of poems.<br>
MIC	01	intro	e47z	Micah 01 General Notes		0		# Micah 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Micah is written mainly in a poetic form. Most of the prophets wrote to either the Northern Kingdom or the Southern Kingdom. Micah wrote to both of them at times without clear distinction, as he did in this chapter.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### City Names<br><br>This passage sounds unusual in English because of its construction in Hebrew. It contains several "puns" or "plays on words." The names of the cities are used to describe their destruction. "Lachish will be lashed" is an example of this type of construction. This poetic element might metaphors describing the actual way they will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
MIC	01	01	bv15	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	God speaks through Micah to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
MIC	01	01	c3k1	figs-idiom		0	the word of Yahweh that came	This idiom is used to explain that a God gave a message to someone. Alternate translation: "the message that Yahweh spoke" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MIC	01	01	ar46			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
MIC	01	01	c9rj	translate-names		0	the Morashtite	This means he is from Moresheth which is a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC	01	01	ts92			0	in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah	"when Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah were kings of Judah"
MIC	01	01	d1fd			0	which he saw	"which he heard in a vision"
MIC	01	02	ya6p			0	General Information:	Micah 1:2-7 is about God's judgment on Samaria.
MIC	01	02	x9l2	figs-apostrophe		0	Listen, all you peoples. Listen, earth, and all that is in you	This begins Micah's prophecy. Micah speaks to the people of Samaria as if all the people of the earth and even the earth itself were able to hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
MIC	01	03	i37k	figs-metaphor		0	he will come down and tread on the high places of the earth	Micah speaks as if Yahweh were a mighty soldier coming down from heaven and beginning to march on top of the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	01	03	gq79			0	he will ... tread	"he will ... march"
MIC	01	03	c6u6			0	the high places of the earth	"the high mountains"
MIC	01	04	dgb2	figs-metaphor		0	The mountains will melt under him; the valleys will break apart, like wax before fire, like waters that are poured down a steep place	Micah speaks as if Yahweh were a hot, solid object that melted the earth as it moved. Alternate translation: "He will crush the mountains and the valleys as he marches over them; he will destroy them, and they will completely disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	01	05	rgh7	figs-metonymy		0	because of the sins of the house of Israel	The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, in this case the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "because the people of Israel have sinned against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	01	05	a7g1			0	All this is	"The Lord will come and judge"
MIC	01	05	efa8	figs-metonymy		0	What is Jacob's transgression?	The name "Jacob" is a metonym for those of his descendants who live in the northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	01	05	t7bt	figs-metonymy		0	Is it not Samaria?	Here "Samaria" is a metonym for the evil activities that take place there. Micah uses a question to emphasize that the people know what the truth is. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You know that it is Samaria." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	01	05	rj3v	figs-synecdoche		0	What is Judah's high place?	Here "high place" is a synecdoche for the entire system of idol worship. "Judah" is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate translation: "Where do the people of Judah go to worship idols?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	01	05	rjt6	figs-metonymy		0	Is it not Jerusalem?	Here "Jerusalem" is a metonym for the evil activities that take place there. Micah uses a question to emphasize that the people know what the truth is. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You know that it is Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	01	06	m3rh			0	I will make	Here "I" refers to Yahweh.
MIC	01	06	wu3l	figs-metaphor		0	Samaria ... her stones ... her foundations	Yahweh speaks of Samaria as if the city were a woman. Alternate translation: "Samaria ... its stones ... the foundations of the buildings in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	01	06	mrm3			0	I will pour her stones	Here "her" refers to the city of Samaria.
MIC	01	07	eu6l	figs-metaphor		0	her carved figures ... her gifts that she received ... her idols	Yahweh speaks of Samaria as if the city were a woman. Alternate translation: "the carved figures in the city ... the gifts that people gave to the temple in the city ... the idols in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	01	07	n921	figs-activepassive		0	All her carved figures will be broken to pieces	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will break all her carved figures to pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC	01	07	a2ef	figs-activepassive		0	all her gifts ... will be burned with fire	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will burn with fire all the gifts that she received" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC	01	07	nci4			0	she received	"people gave her"
MIC	01	07	syr2	figs-metaphor		0	Since she gathered her gifts from the wages of prostitutes, they will become the wages of prostitutes again	Yahweh speaks of the people giving gifts to idols as if the people were hiring prostitutes. When the Assyrians destroy Samaria, they will take to Assyria the gifts the people of Samaria gave to their idols and give them as gifts to their own idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MIC	01	08	y14v			0	General Information:	Micah 1:8-16 is about God's judgment on Judah.
MIC	01	08	agj7			0	I will lament	Here "I" refers to Micah.
MIC	01	08	evd3			0	I will lament and wail	"Lament" refers to the inner feeling of sadness, and "wail" refers to the activity of making a loud, sad sound.
MIC	01	08	sl7i			0	I will go barefoot and naked	This is a sign of extreme mourning and distress. Another possible meaning is "I will look like someone has taken off my clothes; I will be naked"
MIC	01	08	ly5n			0	naked	probably wearing only a loincloth
MIC	01	08	y5zc	figs-simile		0	like the jackals ... like owls	Jackals and owls live in wastelands, and their loud cries sound like people wailing or weeping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC	01	09	v3yc	figs-metaphor		0	For her wound is incurable	Here "her" refers to the city of Samaria. This means nothing can stop the enemy army from destroying the people who live there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	01	09	j8a2	figs-metaphor		0	for it has come to Judah	Micah uses contagious disease as a metaphor for the army that Yahweh has sent to judge Samaria. Here "it" refers to the "wound," that is, to the army that God will use to punish Samaria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	01	10	ty72	translate-names		0	Beth Leaphrah	You may want to make a footnote saying, "The name of this city means 'house of dust.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC	01	10	zki3	translate-symaction		0	I roll myself in the dust	People under God's judgment are expressing their grief in a strong way. Alternate translation: "I roll myself on the ground" or "I roll myself in the mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
MIC	01	11	fc7v			0	General Information:	The meanings of the names of the villages is important to Micah here. You may want to include the meanings of the names of the places in a footnote.
MIC	01	11	n7tt	translate-names		0	Shaphir	The name of this city sounds like one meaning "beautiful." It contrasts with "nakedness and shame." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC	01	11	aq1u	figs-idiom		0	in nakedness and shame	This idiom makes explicit that the people will be totally naked. Alternate translation: "totally naked and ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MIC	01	11	r6st			0	Zaanan	The name of this city means "go out." They are too afraid to go out and help.
MIC	01	11	m77i			0	Beth Ezel	The name of this city means "house of taking away."
MIC	01	11	ad97	figs-activepassive		0	for their protection is taken away	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "for I have taken away everything that might protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC	01	12	c45f			0	Maroth	The name of this city means "bitterness."
MIC	01	12	wuv4	figs-abstractnouns		0	disaster has come down from Yahweh	The abstract noun "disaster" is spoken of here as a solid object rolling down a hill. It can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has caused bad things to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	01	13	qn9h	translate-names		0	Lachish	The name "Lachish" sounds like "to the chariots" in Hebrew. The people are hitching their chariots to flee, not fight. Lachish was the most important city after Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MIC	01	13	t76u	figs-metonymy		0	the daughter of Zion	The word "daughter" is a metonym for the people of the city. Alternate translation: "the people of Zion" or "the people who live in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	01	13	b2dc	figs-activepassive		0	for the transgressions of Israel were found in you	This idiom can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "for you disobeyed like the people of Israel did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MIC	01	14	yl23	translate-names		0	Moresheth Gath	You may want to add a footnote saying "The name 'Moresheth' means 'to depart.' It is also similar in sound to the word for 'fiancée.'" In this metaphor, Moresheth is the bride that Assyria takes, and the "parting gift" is the dowry, the gift her family gives for her to take into the marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	01	14	k4w1			0	Akzib	You may want to add a footnote saying "The name of this town sounds almost the same as the Hebrew expression for 'deceitful thing.'"
MIC	01	15	xs9b			0	I will again bring	Here "I" refers to Yahweh.
MIC	01	15	vu14	translate-names		0	Mareshah	You may want to make a footnote saying, "The name of this village sounds like the Hebrew word for 'conqueror.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC	01	15	wh3u	translate-names		0	Adullam	This is the name of a royal city in Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC	01	16	i5ub	translate-symaction		0	Shave your head and cut off your hair	Israelites who were mourning would shave bald spots on their heads. Possible meanings are 1) "Shave larger spots than usual on your heads" or 2) "Cut off all your hair and shave your heads," stating the events in the order in which they were to occur. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
MIC	01	16	nb8x			0	eagles	This word can also be translated "vultures."
MIC	02	intro	jy29	Micah 02 General Notes		0		# Micah 02 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using poetic forms in communicating that people who take advantage of others are guilty of sin and injustice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>##### Context<br>Micah does not frequently explain the historical context of his prophecies. This may result in the translator failing to understand implicit information. Additional research may be needed regarding the time period of Micah's ministry. Therefore, translators have a good understanding of the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
MIC	02	01	c11k			0	General Information:	Micah speaks against the leaders in Israel who are taking advantage of the poor and not following God's commands.
MIC	02	02	r4qb			0	They oppress a man	"They oppress any man they choose to oppress." This is a generalization. Micah is not speaking of one individual man here.
MIC	02	03	r7sk			0	Look	"Listen carefully" or "Pay attention"
MIC	02	03	e8pn			0	disaster	See how you translated this in [Micah 1:12](../01/12.md).
MIC	02	03	zi71			0	this clan	This "clan" refers to the entire community of Israel, whose rich people are oppressing the poor. The sins of the leaders are coming back on the whole nation.
MIC	02	03	k4i7	figs-metaphor		0	from which you will not remove your necks	Yahweh speaks of punishing the people as if he were putting a yoke around their necks. Alternate translation: "from which you will not be able to escape" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	02	04	t7xt			0	sing a song about you	"sing a song to make fun of you"
MIC	02	04	ymz1	figs-irony		0	lament with a wailing lamentation	"they will cry loudly." They are pretending to mourn, as if those they love have died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MIC	02	04	frk2	figs-irony		0	We Israelites ... to traitors	This is the song that the enemies will sing to make fun of the Israelites and laugh as the Israelites suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MIC	02	04	hz57	figs-rquestion		0	How can he remove it from me?	The enemy mocks the surprise the rich leaders of Israel feel because God has taken their land and given it to someone else just as they had taken the land from the poor. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "How wrong he is to take it from me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MIC	02	05	rnf9			0	Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of Yahweh	Possible meanings are 1) Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or 2) he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals.
MIC	02	06	eli9			0	General Information:	Micah speaks to false prophets, as well as to the rich who have abused their power.
MIC	02	06	a888	figs-you		0	Do not prophesy	The speakers are speaking to Micah and to others, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	02	06	iph5			0	they say	"the people of Israel say"
MIC	02	06	nl1s			0	They must not prophesy	"The prophets must not prophesy"
MIC	02	06	dqe6	figs-metaphor		0	reproaches must not come	Reproach is spoken of as if it were a robber chasing a person. It can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "we will not allow you to reproach us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC	02	07	d2pm	figs-rquestion		0	Should it really be said ... "Is the Spirit ... his deeds?"	Micah is scolding the Israelites by using this question. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You know that you do not need to ask ... 'Is the Spirit ... his deeds?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	02	07	cd55	figs-metonymy		0	house of Jacob	The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. Alternate translation: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	02	07	hr6w	figs-rquestion		0	said ... "Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?"	Possible meanings are 1) the people really do not know if they are seeing Yahweh act. Alternate translation: "asked ... 'Is the Spirit of Yahweh angry? Are these really his deeds?'" or 2) the people do not believe that Yahweh is really punishing them. These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: "said ... 'The Spirit of Yahweh is not really angry. These are not really his deeds.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	02	07	dhy6	figs-rquestion		0	Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly?	Micah uses a question to teach the people. It can bee translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "My message does good to those who walk uprightly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	02	08	nby2			0	my people	This refers to either 1) Micah's people or 2) Yahweh's people.
MIC	02	08	h252	figs-metaphor		0	You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly	Possible meanings are 1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or 2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	02	09	h3sh			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel.
MIC	02	09	vit8			0	you take my blessing from their young children forever	This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to 1) being landowners in Israel, 2) a promising future or 3) to the children's fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation.
MIC	02	09	sez8			0	my blessing	Micah speaks as if he were Yahweh.
MIC	02	10	x485	figs-activepassive		0	it is destroyed with complete destruction	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will completely destroy it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC	02	11	fn9u	figs-you		0	comes to you ... will prophesy to you	Micah is speaking to the people of Judah, so both instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	02	11	mwp4	figs-you		0	he would be considered	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "the people would consider him" or "you would consider him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	02	12	xls8			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking. At the end of this chapter, Yahweh shows himself to be a shepherd who protects his people. He may especially be addressing those in Jerusalem who have returned from Assyria.
MIC	02	12	l2ie	figs-you		0	all of you, Jacob	Micah is speaking to some of the descendants of Jacob, so the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	02	13	wz2q			0	Someone who breaks open their way ... Yahweh will be at their head.	This is a picture of a king leading his people out of an enclosed city.
MIC	03	intro	wy5w	Micah 03 General Notes		0		# Micah 03 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br>##### Justice<br>An unjust society was considered sinful. It was considered to be against the law of Moses. If these kingdoms did not have justice, they were not obedient to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Metaphors<br>There are vivid pictures used in this chapter which show how the leaders of the people were treating the Israelites. These situations are absurd unless taken as a metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
MIC	03	01	lg8w			0	General Information:	Chapter 3 focuses on the corrupt leaders in Israel.
MIC	03	01	bi75			0	I said	Here "I" refers to Micah.
MIC	03	01	cd9l	figs-rquestion		0	Is it not right for you to understand justice?	Micah is scolding the leaders. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You act as though you think it is wrong for you to understand justice." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	03	02	e3yk	Connecting Statement:		0		Micah begins to compare the leaders of Israel to butchers.
MIC	03	02	ep25	figs-nominaladj		0	hate good and love evil	These nominal adjectives can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "hate everything that is good and love everything that is evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
MIC	03	02	y42g	figs-metaphor		0	you who tear off their skin, their flesh from their bones	A butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	03	03	vja6	Connecting Statement:		0		Micah finishes comparing the leaders of Israel to butchers.
MIC	03	03	vs7q	figs-metaphor		0	just like meat in a cauldron	A butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	03	04	x843			0	General Information:	Micah continues speaking.
MIC	03	04	pu9j			0	cry out to Yahweh	"shout to Yahweh for help"
MIC	03	04	uuv7			0	he will not answer you	"he will not do what you ask him to do"
MIC	03	04	ru8j	figs-metaphor		0	He will hide his face from you	Hiding the face is a metaphor for refusing to listen. Alternate translation: "He will turn his face away from you and cover it" or "You will see that he has no desire to help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	03	05	q1tf			0	General Information:	Micah continues to speak judgment against false prophets.
MIC	03	05	wvm2	figs-metaphor		0	who lead my people astray	Walking on a good path is a metaphor for obeying God. Going astray from the path is a metaphor for disobeying God, in this case perhaps without knowing it. Alternate translation: "who lead my people to disobey me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	03	05	uud3	figs-metaphor		0	if one gives them something to eat, they proclaim, 'Peace.'	Micah is using a metaphor to describe a situation that actually happens. The phrase "something to eat" is an ironic way of speaking of a small payment. Alternate translation: "they tell people who pay them even a small amount that things will go well for those people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MIC	03	05	jn8z	figs-metaphor		0	if he puts nothing in their mouths, they dedicate themselves to wage war on him	Micah is using a metaphor to describe a situation that actually happens. The phrase "puts nothing in their mouths" is an ironic exaggeration for not giving what they want. Alternate translation: "they do all they can to destroy people who pay them too little" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MIC	03	06	v4xh	figs-metaphor		0	it will be night for you ... the day will be dark on them	Darkness is a metaphor for Yahweh not speaking to the prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	03	06	r42r			0	no vision for you	"you will no longer see visions"
MIC	03	07	xh15	figs-activepassive		0	The seers will be put to shame, and the diviners will be confused	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will cause the seers to be ashamed, and I will confuse the diviners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC	03	07	pe2m	figs-metonymy		0	All of them will cover their lips	Here "lips" represents speaking. Alternate translation: "They shall no longer speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	03	07	s6nk			0	there is no answer from me	"I will be silent"
MIC	03	08	ku3z			0	But as for me	Here "me" refers to Micah, a true prophet, setting himself apart from the false prophets.
MIC	03	08	qw2h	figs-metaphor		0	I am full of power by the Spirit of Yahweh, and am full of justice and might	Micah speaks of himself as if he were a container into which Yahweh were pouring a liquid. Alternate translation: "the Spirit of Yahweh has given me power, justice, and might" or "the Spirit of Yahweh has enabled me to be strong, to declare what justice is, and to be mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	03	08	h3w3	figs-metonymy		0	to declare to Jacob his transgression, and to Israel his sin	Here "Jacob" and "Israel" are metonyms for Jacob's descendants. Micah uses both names to emphasize that all of his descendants are guilty of sin. The abstract nouns "transgression" and "sin" can be translated using verbs. Alternate translation: "to declare to Jacob's descendants that they have broken Yahweh's law; I am telling the people of Israel that they have all sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC	03	09	ral1	figs-metonymy		0	house of Jacob	The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacob's descendants. Alternate translation: "descendants of Jacob" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	03	09	rm8t	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Israel	The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Israel's descendants, who had become the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: "descendants of Israel" or "you Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	03	09	ujn2			0	detest	strongly dislike
MIC	03	10	ca1v	figs-metaphor		0	You build Zion with blood and Jerusalem with iniquity	"Blood" here is a metonym for murder, and "Zion" and "Jerusalem" are spoken of as if they were buildings. Micah speaks of the rich murdering people and sinning in other ways as if those activities were the bricks and wood with which people use to build houses. Alternate translation: "You commit murder and other horrible sins as you work to make Zion and Jerusalem great" or "You commit murder as you worship in Zion, and you commit other sins as you get rich in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	03	11	yn4t	figs-rquestion		0	Is not Yahweh with us?	The leaders strongly believe that Yahweh is with them. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "We know that Yahweh is with us!" or "We know that Yahweh will help us do what we want to do!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	03	11	aeh5			0	evil	See how you translated "disaster" in [Micah 1:12](../01/12.md).
MIC	03	12	r9xr			0	because of you	Here "you" refers to the priests, prophets, and leaders ([Micah 3:11](../03/11.md)).
MIC	03	12	aqg2	figs-metaphor		0	Zion will become a plowed field ... and the hill of the temple will become a thicket	"Zion" and "the hill of the temple" refer to the same place. When a farmer plows a field, he turns over all the dirt and uproots all the plants that are growing there. A thicket is so full of bushes that no one can use it for anything. These two metaphors cannot be literally true at the same time, but they emphasize that Yahweh will allow the invaders to completely destroy the temple area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	03	12	k2is			0	a plowed field	"a field that a farmer has plowed"
MIC	03	12	m86y			0	a thicket	a place where many small woody plants grow
MIC	04	intro	pzv8	Micah 04 General Notes		0		# Micah 04 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues the poetic form to communicate that God will one day restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Remanant<br>Micah speaks about a future hope and a remnant who will return to their homeland. Verses 1-8 are a vision of the future when God will restore Israel to its former glory. These verses will give hope to those about to be removed from their homeland. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])<br>
MIC	04	01	rn5h	figs-metaphor		0	the mountain ... other mountains	Yahweh making the temple mount higher than all other mountains and hills is a metaphor for making his temple the most important place on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	04	01	a15l	figs-activepassive		0	the mountain of Yahweh's house will be established	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will establish the mountain on which his temple is built" or "Yahweh will make the mountain on which his temple is built great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC	04	01	pbd3			0	over the other mountains	Mount Zion will be the most important of all the mountains. It might also mean that this mountain will become the highest in the world, and not only in the region where it is located.
MIC	04	01	ttd5	figs-activepassive		0	It will be exalted above the hills	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will exalt it above the hills" or "Yahweh will make it higher than the hills" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC	04	01	w891	figs-metaphor		0	peoples will stream to it	A stream flows continually to one place from many directions. Many people come to the temple mount from different directions. Alternate translation: "the people of the nations will flow like a stream to it" or "the people of the nations will go to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	04	02	gve4	figs-metonymy		0	Many nations	The word "nations" is a metonym for the people of the nations. Alternate translation: "The people from many nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	04	02	tm7v	figs-you		0	Come	This is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	04	02	hju4	figs-metaphor		0	He will teach us his ways, and we will walk in his paths	Here "his ways" and "his paths" refer to what God wants the people to do. "Walk" means they will obey what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	04	02	wix6	figs-metaphor		0	from Zion the law will go out, and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem	The law and the word going out is a metaphor for people hearing it and then being messengers to tell other people about it in other places. Alternate translation: "people will listen to the law in Zion and go out and tell others; they will listen to the word of Yahweh in Jerusalem and go out and tell others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	04	02	uuk9	figs-ellipsis		0	and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem	The words "will go out" are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: "and the word of Yahweh will go out from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
MIC	04	03	b5yy			0	plowshares	a blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds
MIC	04	03	l4ud			0	pruning hooks	a metal tool that people use to cut off branches or stems from plants
MIC	04	03	vin5			0	will not lift up sword	will not threaten to start a war
MIC	04	04	sv2r			0	General Information:	Micah continues describing the "last days" when people learn and obey Yahweh's law.
MIC	04	04	h22j	figs-explicit		0	they will sit every person under his vine and under his fig tree	Both the "vine" and the "fig tree" are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. If grapevines or fig trees are unknown you can translate this more generally. Alternate translation: "they will sit peacefully in their own gardens and fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MIC	04	04	j4rc	figs-synecdoche		0	for the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spoken	The mouth is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: "for Yahweh of hosts has spoken" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC	04	05	iek8	figs-metaphor		0	the peoples walk ... in the name of their god ... we will walk in the name of Yahweh	Walking on a path is a metaphor for living one's life. Walking in the name of someone is a metaphor for worshiping and obeying. Alternate translation: "the peoples ... worship and obey their god ... we will worship and obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	04	06	c9uu	figs-synecdoche		0	the lame	This refers to those who cannot walk well. Being lame is a synecdoche for having any form of disability. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC	04	06	ri25			0	gather the outcast	"gather those whom I drove out of Jerusalem"
MIC	04	07	b2he	figs-activepassive		0	the ones driven away into a strong nation	The words "I will turn" are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. The phrase "the ones driven away" can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: "I will turn the ones I drove away into a strong nation" or "I will make the ones I forcefully sent away into a strong nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
MIC	04	08	c64g	figs-apostrophe		0	As for you, watchtower for the flock, hill of the daughter of Zion—to you it will come, your former dominion	Micah speaks to the people of Jerusalem by speaking to the temple mount as if it could hear him. You may need to make explicit that Micah is giving his message to the people. Alternate translation: "As for the temple mount, the place from which Yahweh watches over you, his sheep, the place that Jerusalem's people are most proud of—its former dominion will return" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
MIC	04	08	y9gn	figs-metaphor		0	watchtower for the flock	The people of Jerusalem protecting the other people in surrounding areas is spoken of as if they were a shepherd in a watchtower watching over his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	04	08	p2dj	figs-metaphor		0	daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem	The people who live in a place are spoken of as if the place is a mother and they are the daughter. Alternate translation: "people who live in Zion ... people who live in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	04	08	tc2d			0	hill	Some modern versions understand this Hebrew word to mean "fortress" or "stronghold" here.
MIC	04	08	ccs1	figs-abstractnouns		0	to you it will come, your former dominion	The abstract noun "dominion" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "you will rule over the nations as you did before" or "I will make you rule over the nations as you did before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC	04	09	g6px	figs-rquestion		0	Now, why do you shout so loudly?	Micah is mocking the people, trying to make them think about why God is dealing with them in this way. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Look at how you are shouting loudly." or "Think carefully about why you are shouting loudly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	04	09	b1zk	figs-rquestion		0	Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain grips you like that of a woman in labor?	Micah continues to mock the people. These questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: "You have a king, but he is useless to you. All your wise people are still alive, but they have nothing wise to say to you. This is why you are weeping loudly like a woman who is giving birth to a baby." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC	04	10	qn9l	figs-simile		0	Be in pain ... like a woman in labor	Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC	04	10	rci7	figs-activepassive		0	There you will be rescued. There Yahweh will rescue you	Yahweh says the same thing in both active and passive forms to emphasize that he will do what he has said he will do. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "There Yahweh will rescue you. There he will rescue you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC	04	10	nv5c	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of your enemies	Possible meanings for the word "hand" are 1) it could be a metonym for the power that the hand exercises, Alternate translation: "the power of your enemies" or 2) it could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: "your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC	04	11	b5e1			0	General Information:	Jerusalem will defeat her enemies.
MIC	04	11	xj2l	figs-activepassive		0	Let her be defiled	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Let us defile her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC	04	11	l329	figs-synecdoche		0	let our eyes gloat over Zion	The eye is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "let us gloat over Zion" or "let us enjoy watching the invaders destroy Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC	04	12	j472	figs-simile		0	for he has gathered them like bundles of grain prepared for the threshing floor	The writer speaks of Yahweh being ready to destroy the nations as if Yahweh were a farmer who has put his bundles of grain on his threshing floor and is now ready to thresh them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC	04	13	bj1p			0	General Information:	Yahweh presents the imagery of the threshing floor ([Micah 4:12](../04/12.md)).
MIC	04	13	mm6h	figs-you		0	Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion ... your horn ... your hooves ... You will crush	All instances of "your" and "you," as well as the commands, refer to the "daughter of Zion" and so are singular and feminine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	04	13	m3uk	figs-metaphor		0	Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze	Yahweh speaks of the people of Zion as if they were strong oxen about to thresh wheat and their enemies were the wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
MIC	04	13	tq8x	figs-metaphor		0	I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze	If your reader is not familiar with oxen or iron or bronze, you can remove the metaphor. Alternate translation: "for I will make you able to defeat and destroy every enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
MIC	04	13	igd2			0	their unjust wealth	"the wealth they got by acting unjustly" or "the things they stole from other people"
MIC	04	13	c3rt	figs-abstractnouns		0	their wealth	The abstract noun "wealth" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "the things that they own" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC	05	intro	y1t7	Micah 05 General Notes		0		# Micah 05 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Messiah<br>This chapter contains a prophecy explaining that the Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem. This meaning is made clear in the New Testament. (See: [Micah 5:2](../../mic/05/02.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Change in Personal Pronouns<br>Extra care must be taken in translating pronouns in this chapter. Sometimes "I" is a reference to the author and other times it is a reference to Yahweh. There is also a noticable shift where the author stops speaking about the people as "you" and begins speaking about them as "we" or "us."<br>
MIC	05	01	f536	figs-metaphor		0	daughter of soldiers	The people of a city are spoken of as if they were a woman. The soldiers are attacking the city. Alternate translation: "people of the city, whom soldiers are attacking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	05	01	yp7t	figs-metonymy		0	With a rod they strike the judge of Israel on the cheek	The rod is a metonym for a greater man punishing a lesser man with a rod. To strike a man on the cheek was to insult him more than to harm him. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will punish the judge of Israel by having the invaders insult the judge of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	05	01	hz1y	figs-irony		0	the judge of Israel	This irony describes the king as having lost so much of his power and authority that he is really only a judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
MIC	05	02	e2u4	figs-apostrophe		0	But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah	Yahweh speaks to the people of Judah, and especially to the people of Bethlehem, as if he were speaking to the town of Bethlehem itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
MIC	05	02	kc5p	translate-names		0	Ephrathah	This is either the name of the area in which Bethlehem was situated or it is just another name for Bethlehem or it distinguishes this Bethlehem from another. Bethlehem is about six miles south of Jerusalem. It was the hometown of King David. Translators may add this footnote: "The name 'Ephrathah' means 'to be fruitful.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC	05	02	q7k4			0	even though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you one will come	"even though other clans in Judah have more people in them, it is one of your people who will come"
MIC	05	02	ha3j			0	will come to me	Here "me" refers to Yahweh.
MIC	05	02	rws4	figs-doublet		0	whose beginning is from ancient times, from everlasting	This refers to the ruler descending from the ancient family of King David. The phrases "from ancient times" and "from everlasting" mean basically the same thing and emphasize how old this family line is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
MIC	05	03	zg3h			0	Therefore	"Because what I have just said is true" or "Because this ruler will come later"
MIC	05	03	xd41			0	will give them up	will abandon the people of Israel
MIC	05	03	nu1x			0	until the time when she who is in labor bears a child	This refers to the time when the ruler is born, a limited time.
MIC	05	03	du1l			0	the rest of his brothers	"the rest of the ruler's fellow Israelites," who are in exile
MIC	05	04	w1e9			0	General Information:	These verses continue describing the ruler from Bethlehem.
MIC	05	04	miw4	figs-metaphor		0	He will stand and shepherd his flock in the strength of Yahweh	A shepherd, who feeds and protects his sheep, is a metaphor for the ruler, who will provide for and protect the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will give him the strength to lead his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	05	04	apx2	figs-metonymy		0	in the majesty of the name of Yahweh his God	The person's name is a metonym for person's authority. Alternate translation: "and people will honor him because Yahweh his God has given him the authority to rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	05	04	kkz1			0	They will remain	the people of Israel will remain
MIC	05	04	yry5			0	remain	"live in safety"
MIC	05	04	jkd7			0	he will be great to the ends of the earth	All people from every nation will give honor to Israel's ruler.
MIC	05	05	m8sd	figs-metaphor		0	seven shepherds and eight leaders over men	Here "shepherds" is a metonym for "rulers," another way of saying "leaders over men." The phrase "seven ... and eight" is an idiom for "more than enough." Alternate translation: "enough, even more than enough, rulers" or "more than enough shepherds and leaders over men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MIC	05	06	t2fh	figs-metaphor		0	They will shepherd the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in its entrances	The sword is a metonym for killing in war. Here the Israelites ruling over the Assyrians is spoken of ironically as if they were killing sheep instead of herding them. The land of Assyria is a metonym for the people who live there. The entrances to cities were where official business took place. Alternate translation: "They will make war against the people of Assyria, and they will rule the cities of the land of Nimrod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	05	06	upk5	figs-ellipsis		0	and the land of Nimrod	The words "they will shepherd" are understood from the beginning of the sentence. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: "and they will shepherd the land of Nimrod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
MIC	05	06	p1ya	translate-names		0	land of Nimrod	This is another name for the land of Assyria. Nimrod was a hunter and early ruler. Translators may add this footnote: "The name 'Nimrod' means 'rebellion.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC	05	06	cj7q			0	He will rescue	The ruler will rescue
MIC	05	07	rd4s	figs-simile		0	like dew from Yahweh, like showers on the grass	Dew and rain showers refresh the land and cause things to grow. The Israelites will cause the people among whom they live to live will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC	05	07	qz8i			0	grass, that do not wait for a man, and they do not wait for the children	"grass. It is not for a man that they wait, nor is it for the children." It is Yahweh alone who causes dew and rain showers.
MIC	05	08	ty4b			0	General Information:	Yahweh promises that the Israelites who are alive after Yahweh has punished his people with war will completely defeat and rule over their enemies.
MIC	05	08	pc96			0	remnant of Jacob	descendants of Jacob who survive the war
MIC	05	08	bv7a	figs-doublet		0	among the nations, among many peoples	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the "remnant of Jacob" will live in many different nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
MIC	05	08	rch5	figs-simile		0	like a lion among the animals of the forest, like a young lion among the flocks of sheep	Lions are able to kill and eat any wild animal of the forest, and they easily kill sheep. Alternate translation: "like the fiercest of wild animals, like a wild animal that kills helpless livestock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC	05	08	fsg4			0	When he goes through them	when the young lion goes through the flocks of sheep
MIC	05	08	l3ju			0	will trample over them and tear	"will jump on them so they fall down, and then he will tear"
MIC	05	09	qjw5	figs-you		0	Your hand ... your enemies	The writer is speaking to Yahweh, so both instances of "your" are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	05	09	g937	figs-metonymy		0	Your hand will be lifted against your enemies	The hand is a metonym for the power that the hand exercises or a synecdoche for the whole person. To lift the hand is to exercise power. Alternate translation: "You will completely defeat your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC	05	09	a5bh	figs-synecdoche		0	it will destroy them	The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: "you will destroy them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC	05	10	yvv1	figs-explicit		0	I will destroy your horses from among you and will demolish your chariots	The people of Israel used horses and chariots only in battle, and they may have traded for them with the godless nations around them. God did not want the people to trust in their weapons of war to protect them more than they trusted in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MIC	05	10	t7yg	figs-you		0	your horses ... among you ... your chariots	Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	05	11	p7xv	figs-you		0	your land ... your strongholds	Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	05	12	j7fb			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
MIC	05	12	w5rn	figs-metonymy		0	the witchcraft in your hand	Being in the "hand" represents the actions that the person does. Alternate translation: "the witchcraft that you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	05	12	b4vf	figs-you		0	your hand ... you will	Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	05	13	udr6	figs-you		0	your carved ... your stone ... among you. You will ... your hands	Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	05	13	s47c	figs-abstractnouns		0	the workmanship of your hands	The abstract noun "workmanship" can be translated using the verb "make." Alternate translation: "what your hands have made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC	05	14	dd8m	figs-you		0	your Asherah ... among you ... your cities	Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	05	14	p6df	figs-metaphor		0	will uproot your Asherah poles	Yahweh speaks of Asherah poles as if they were trees that he would pull out of the ground. Alternate translation: "will pull your Asherah poles out of the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	06	intro	k235	Micah 06 General Notes		0		# Micah 06 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against His people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Names in Lawsuit<br>Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel.<br>Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
MIC	06	01	wer4	figs-apostrophe		0	Now listen	Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to mountains that can hear him, so both instances of "listen" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
MIC	06	01	sz7c	figs-you		0	Arise ... state	Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so the commands and the word "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	06	01	zxw4	figs-personification		0	Arise and state your case before the mountains; let the hills hear your voice	Yahweh speaks as if he is in court and the mountains and hills are the judges. He commands the people of Israel to tell the judges why they have done what they did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
MIC	06	02	vyc6	figs-apostrophe		0	Listen to Yahweh's lawsuit	Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to mountains that can hear him, so both instances of "listen" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
MIC	06	02	pbw6	figs-personification		0	you mountains ... you enduring foundations of the earth	Micah is speaking to these things as if they are humans. Micah is using the mountains, hills, and foundations of the earth as an eternal witness against his people's idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
MIC	06	03	if48			0	General Information:	This continues Yahweh's lawsuit against the people of Israel ([Micah 6:1-2](./01.md)).
MIC	06	03	smg8	figs-rquestion		0	My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me!	God uses questions to emphasize that he is a good God, and he has done nothing to cause the people to stop worshiping him. Alternate translation: "My people, I have been good to you. I have done nothing to make you tired of me. If you think I have, testify against me, now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	06	03	h6ec	figs-you		0	to you ... wearied you? Testify	Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	06	04	y7re	figs-you		0	brought you ... rescued you ... Miriam to you	Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	06	04	s8wt	figs-metaphor		0	house of bondage	A house is a metaphor for a place in which one lives for a long time. The abstract noun "bondage" can be translated as "to be slaves." Alternate translation: "the place where you were slaves for a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	06	05	q1ew	figs-you		0	remember ... you went ... you may know	Yahweh speaks to the people as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and all the commands are masculine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	06	05	ddx5			0	what Balak ... devised	"the plans Balak ... made to harm you
MIC	06	05	q2uj	figs-explicit		0	how Balaam ... answered him	Possible meanings are 1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate translation: "how Balaam ... did what Balak asked him to do" or 2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate translation: "what Balaam told Balak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MIC	06	05	mpf3	translate-names		0	Beor	This is the name of Balaam's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC	06	05	rmf6			0	Shittim	This is the name of a place in Moab.
MIC	06	05	w4n8	figs-123person		0	so you may know the righteous acts of Yahweh	Yahweh refers to himself by his own name. Alternate translation: "so that you may remember the righteous things that I, Yahweh, have done for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MIC	06	06	n2hi	figs-rquestion		0	What should I bring to Yahweh ... God? Should I come ... old?	Micah speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: "I know that I do no need to bring to Yahweh ... God, or come ... old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	06	07	yc7f	figs-rquestion		0	Will Yahweh be pleased ... oil? Should I give ... sin?	Micah continues to speaks as if he were a person who truly wanted to know what God expects him to do. Possible meanings are 1) he asks questions and then in verse 8 answers the questions he has asked or 2) he is using questions to teach the people. Alternate translation: "I know that Yahweh will not be pleased ... oil or if I give ... sin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	06	07	mxx1	figs-rquestion		0	thousands of rams ... ten thousand rivers of oil	"rams in groups of 1,000 ... 10,000 rivers of oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
MIC	06	08	y8pq			0	He has told you	"Yahweh has told you"
MIC	06	08	xd8t			0	good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act ... God	Many versions read, "good. And what does Yahweh require from you? He wants you to act ... God." or "good. And what does Yahweh require from you but to act ... God?"
MIC	06	08	qii1	figs-abstractnouns		0	love kindness	The abstract noun "kindness" can be translated using the adjective "kind." Alternate translation: "love being kind to people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC	06	09	jf56	figs-metonymy		0	even now wisdom acknowledges your name	Wisdom is spoken of as a person and is a metonym for the wise person. The word "name" here is a metonym for the person himself, what people think of him, and his authority. Alternate translation: "and the wise person will fear you" or "and the wise person will acknowledge that you are good and will obey you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
MIC	06	09	mll1	figs-metaphor		0	Pay attention to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place	Here "rod" refers to the enemy army with which Yahweh, who "has put it in place," will discipline his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	06	10	va73	figs-metonymy		0	There is wealth in the houses of the wicked that is dishonest	Dishonest wealth is a metonym for wealth that people have gained by acting dishonestly. The words "the wicked" refer to wicked people. Houses are a synecdoche for everything a person possesses. Alternate translation: "Wicked people have acted dishonestly to gain wealth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC	06	10	s6dk			0	false measures	incorrect weights that people use with scales to increase their wealth by deceiving those with whom they trade
MIC	06	11	j82a	figs-rquestion		0	Should I consider a person to be innocent ... weights?	This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I certainly will not consider a person innocent ... weights." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	06	11	h4pk			0	deceptive weights	weights with which sellers deceive buyers
MIC	06	12	ig8k	figs-metaphor		0	The rich men are full of violence	Rich men are spoken of as if they were containers, and people treating each other violently is spoken of as if it were a liquid that could be put into a container. Alternate translation: "The rich men act violently toward everyone" or "The rich men act violently all the time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	06	12	j5fx	figs-synecdoche		0	their tongue in their mouth is deceitful	The tongue is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: "Everything they say is a lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC	06	13	c1sc	figs-metaphor		0	I will strike you with a terrible blow	Yahweh striking his people with blows is a metaphor for him punishing them. Alternate translation: "I have punished you severely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	06	14	f2m4	figs-metaphor		0	your emptiness will remain inside you	A person or thing being hungry is spoken of as if it were something that could be put in a container, and the people are spoken of as if they were containers. Alternate translation: "You will be hungry, and you will not be able to eat enough to satisfy yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	06	16	i4a3			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
MIC	06	16	ke6t	figs-activepassive		0	The regulations made by Omri have been kept, and all the deeds of the house of Ahab	This can be translated in active form, and you may need to supply the words that the ellipsis omitted. Alternate translation: "You have done what Omri commanded, and you have done the same things the house of Ahab did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC	06	16	tc63	translate-names		0	Omri ... Ahab	Both of these men were kings over the northern kingdom of Israel. God considered both of them to be very wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
MIC	06	16	n2j5			0	house of Ahab	The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Ahab"
MIC	06	16	em7h	figs-metaphor		0	You walk by their advice	Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: "You do what Omri and Ahab told the people to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	06	16	s6wy	figs-apostrophe		0	I will make you, city, a ruin, and you inhabitants an object of hissing	Micah speaks to the people of the city, who can hear him, as if he were speaking to the city itself, which cannot hear him. You may need to make explicit the words that the ellipsis omits. Alternate translation: "I will make your city a ruin, and I will make you inhabitants an object of hissing" or "I will make you, city, a ruin, and I will cause everyone who sees you, inhabitants of the city, to hiss at you" or "I will make the city a ruin, and I will make people hiss at the inhabitants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
MIC	06	16	q68q			0	you will bear the reproach of my people	"you will suffer because my people will reproach you"
MIC	07	intro	kf61	Micah 07 General Notes		0		# Micah 07 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Last days<br>This chapter looks forward to the hope of the coming savior for the faithful remnant. This is the future restoration of Israel when true peace will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/savior]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>##### Prophet<br>The prophet was able to speak to God on behalf of the people. Often in this chapter, the prophet speaks in Israel's place and offers repentance to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br>
MIC	07	01	wf5y	figs-metaphor		0	I have become like the gathering of summer fruit, and like the grapes that have been gleaned	Micah speaks of looking for faithful people but being unable to find any as if he were a person looking for food after the harvesters have taken it all. The idea of a person wanting to gather fruit can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "I have become like someone looking for fruit after the gathering of summer fruit, like a gleaner after the grapes have been gleaned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MIC	07	01	jz29	figs-metaphor		0	no grape cluster ... no ripe early fig	Micah speaks of faithful, upright people as if they were fruit that is good to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	02	x5ss	figs-hyperbole		0	The faithful ones have disappeared ... land; there is no upright person ... They all lie in wait ... blood; each one hunts	These are exaggerations. Alternate translation: "I feel as though faithful people have disappeared ... land and there is no upright person ... I feel as though they all lie in wait ... blood, and each one hunts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
MIC	07	02	qea8	figs-metaphor		0	to shed blood	Blood is a metaphor for the death of innocent people. Alternate translation: "to kill innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	03	ew8e			0	General Information:	Micah continues speaking about the people of Israel.
MIC	07	03	m27f	figs-synecdoche		0	Their hands are very good	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: "The people are very good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC	07	04	nz3f	figs-simile		0	The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge	Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC	07	04	kin3			0	the most upright	"those of them who try hardest to do what is good"
MIC	07	04	qfc3	figs-activepassive		0	It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment	Micah speaks to the people of Israel, so both instances of "your" are plural. The word "watchmen" is a metaphor for prophets. Alternate translation: "Their prophets have told them that Yahweh would punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	04	i385	figs-abstractnouns		0	Now is the time of their confusion	The abstract noun "confusion" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "Now is when they do not understand what is happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC	07	05	h2bv			0	General Information:	Micah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
MIC	07	05	cvb4			0	Do not trust any neighbor	Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
MIC	07	06	y6bb			0	people of his own house	Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
MIC	07	06	by7f	figs-ellipsis		0	a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law	The words "rises up" are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here. Alternate translation: "a daughter-in-law rises up against her mother-in-law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
MIC	07	06	z99g	figs-metonymy		0	his own house	The word "house" is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. Alternate translation: "his own family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	07	07	pvd9	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	In verse 8 Micah begins speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. All commands and instances of "you" are feminine singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	07	07	z1eq			0	But as for me	Here "me" refers to Micah.
MIC	07	07	p8kj	figs-abstractnouns		0	I will wait for the God of my salvation	The abstract noun "salvation" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "I will wait for the God who saves me" or "I will wait for God, who saves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC	07	07	wd6x	figs-metonymy		0	will hear me	The word "hear" represents hearing and acting. Alternate translation: "will act to help me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
MIC	07	08	yb44	figs-metaphor		0	fall ... rise	These words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	08	ln69	figs-metaphor		0	sit in darkness	These words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	09	le5t	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	Micah continues the poem that began in [Micah 7:8](../07/08.md), speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	09	d2c6	figs-metaphor		0	I will bear his rage	Rage is spoken of as if it were a solid object that Yahweh was forcing Micah to carry. Alternate translation: "I will suffer because he is angry with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	09	v4zl			0	until he pleads my cause, and executes judgment for me	Yahweh will punish the people of the other nations who harmed the people of Israel.
MIC	07	09	sr4x	figs-metaphor		0	he pleads my cause	Yahweh is spoken of as if he were defending Micah in court. Alternate translation: "he defends me against those who harm me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	09	sc18			0	executes judgment for me	"brings about justice for me"
MIC	07	09	p8yt	figs-metaphor		0	He will bring me to the light	Bringing Micah from darkness ([Micah 7:8](../07/08.md)) to light is a metaphor for ending the suffering from disaster and enabling him to live well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	09	t4wh			0	rescue me in his justice	"bring justice to me and rescue me"
MIC	07	10	i9mq	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	Micah continues and ends the poem that began in [Micah 7:8](../07/08.md), speaking as if he were one woman speaking to her enemy, another woman. This is perhaps the daughter of Zion ([Micah 1:13](../01/13.md)), who represents the people of Israel, speaking to the "daughter of soldiers" ([Micah 5:1](../05/01.md)), who represents the nations which attacked Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	10	wv5q			0	my enemy ... the one who said ... your God ... My eyes	The words "enemy," "one," "your," and "my" here refer to the women in the poem and so are feminine singular.
MIC	07	10	ize3	figs-rquestion		0	Where is Yahweh your God?	The enemy uses a question to mock the people of Israel. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Yahweh your God cannot help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	07	10	fx2c	figs-synecdoche		0	My eyes	This phrase here refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "I" or "We" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
MIC	07	10	d12h	figs-activepassive		0	she will be trampled down	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "her enemies will trample her down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC	07	10	j5qh	figs-simile		0	like the mud in the streets	People who walk on mud without thinking they are doing anything bad are compared with those who will destroy Israel's enemies without thinking they are doing anything evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
MIC	07	11	x4rg	figs-you		0	General Information:	Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	07	11	y6xz			0	A day to build your walls will come	Here "walls" refers to the walls around their cities, which provided safety and security from their enemies.
MIC	07	11	ue5m	figs-activepassive		0	the boundaries will be extended very far	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will greatly extend the boundaries of your land" or "Yahweh will greatly increase the size of your kingdom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
MIC	07	12	hs2u	figs-explicit		0	the River	You may need to make explicit the name of river. Alternate translation: "the Euphrates River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MIC	07	12	bd5t	figs-explicit		0	from sea to sea	You may need to make explicit the names of the seas. "from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Dead Sea in the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MIC	07	12	y16y	figs-idiom		0	from mountain to mountain	"from one mountain to another." Micah does not speak of any particular mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MIC	07	13	av6g			0	the land will be desolate	"the land will be empty" or "no one will live in the land"
MIC	07	13	n1e8	figs-metaphor		0	because of the fruit of their actions	Fruit is a metaphor for the results of an earlier action. Alternate translation: "because of the results of what they have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	14	jsh4	figs-metaphor		0	Shepherd your people with your rod, the flock of your inheritance	Micah is praying to Yahweh, asking him to protect his people of Israel again. Here "rod" refers to God's leadership and guidance, as a shepherd uses a stick to guide and protect his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	14	cu5w	figs-metaphor		0	They live alone in a thicket, in the midst of a pastureland	Micah speaks of his people as if they were wild animals hiding in bushes instead of livestock grazing in fields with much grass to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	14	l8a3			0	a thicket	a place where many small woody plants grow
MIC	07	14	brz2			0	Bashan and Gilead	These regions are known as rich land for growing food.
MIC	07	14	whi8	figs-explicit		0	as in the old days	Bashan and Gilead had been part of Israel long ago, when David was king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
MIC	07	15	e3z5			0	As in the days ... them wonders	Yahweh speaks to the people.
MIC	07	16	mhq2	figs-metaphor		0	The nations	The word "nations" is a metonym for the people who live in many nations. Alternate translation: "The people of the nations nearby" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	16	mzy2	translate-symaction		0	They will put their hands on their mouths	They do this to show that they are ashamed of what they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
MIC	07	16	n9vh	figs-idiom		0	their ears will be deaf	This is an idiom. Nothing anyone says will have any effect on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
MIC	07	17	e21s	figs-hyperbole		0	They will lick the dust like a snake	Snakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. Possible meanings are that these people 1) will literally lie on the ground in shame or 2) will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
MIC	07	17	zg31	figs-metaphor		0	their dens	The people are spoken of as if they were animals, because animals live in "dens." Alternate translation: "their homes" or "their hiding places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	18	g3i6	figs-rquestion		0	Who is a God like you—who takes ... inheritance?	Micah is emphasizing that there is no God like Yahweh. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I know that there is no God like you, who takes ... inheritance." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
MIC	07	18	kr7v			0	the remnant of his inheritance	"those of his chosen people who have survived his punishment"
MIC	07	18	a8d2	figs-123person		0	you ... of the remnant of his inheritance? He does not keep his anger forever, because he delights in his covenant faithfulness.	Here the words "his" and "he" can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: "you ... of the remnant of your inheritance, who do not keep your anger forever, because you delight in your covenant faithfulness?" or "you ... of the remnant of your inheritance? You do not keep your anger forever, because you delights in your covenant faithfulness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
MIC	07	18	f1lp	figs-abstractnouns		0	he delights in his covenant faithfulness	The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful." Alternate translation: "he delights in being faithful to his covenant" or "he delights in being faithful to his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
MIC	07	18	ups5			0	passes over	ignores
MIC	07	18	mcd3			0	does not keep his anger	"does not stay angry"
MIC	07	19	i7z3	figs-you		0	You will	Here "you" refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
MIC	07	19	i1u2	figs-exclusive		0	on us	Here "us" refers to Micah and the people, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
MIC	07	19	rqi9	figs-metaphor		0	you will trample our iniquities under your feet. You will throw all our sins into the depths of the sea	Iniquity and sin are spoken of as if they were solid objects. Alternate translation: "You will treat our iniquities and sins as if they were not important" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
MIC	07	20	q32m	figs-metonymy		0	You will give truth to Jacob and covenant faithfulness to Abraham	Here the names of Jacob and Abraham are metonyms for their descendants, the people of Israel to whom Micah was speaking. The abstract nouns "truth" and "faithfulness" can be stated as "trustworthy" and "faithful." Alternate translation: "You will show the descendants of Jacob and Abraham that your are trustworthy and faithful to your covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])