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@@ -2,75 +2,75 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 JHN	front	intro	t6za			0		# Introduction to the Gospel of John<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Gospel of John<br><br>1. Introduction about who Jesus is (1:1-18)<br>1. Jesus is baptized, and he chooses twelve disciples (1:19-51)<br>1. Jesus preaches, teaches, and heals people (2-11)<br>1. The seven days before Jesus’ death (12-19)<br>    - Mary anoints the feet of Jesus (12:1-11)<br>    - Jesus rides a donkey into Jerusalem (12:12-19)<br>    - Some Greek men want to see Jesus (12:20-36)<br>    - The Jewish leaders reject Jesus (12:37-50)<br>    - Jesus teaches his disciples (13-17)<br>    - Jesus is arrested and undergoes trial (18:1-19:15)<br>    - Jesus is crucified and buried (19:16-42)<br>1. Jesus rises from the dead (20:1-29)<br>1. John says why he wrote his gospel (20:30-31)<br>1. Jesus meets with the disciples (21)<br><br>### What is the Gospel of John about?<br><br>The Gospel of John is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ. The authors of the gospels wrote about different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. John said that he wrote his gospel “so that people might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God” (20:31).<br><br>John’s Gospel is very different from the other three Gospels. John does not include some of the teachings and events that the other writers included in their gospels. Also, John wrote about some teachings and events that are not in the other gospels.<br><br>John wrote much about the signs Jesus did to prove that what Jesus said about himself was true. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “The Gospel of John” or “The Gospel According to John.” Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, such as, “The Good News About Jesus That John Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Gospel of John?<br><br>This book does not give the name of the author. However, since early Christian times, most Christians have thought that the Apostle John was the author.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Why does John write so much about the final week of Jesus’ life?<br><br>John wrote much about Jesus’ final week. He wanted his readers to think deeply about Jesus’ final week and his death on the cross. He wanted people to understand that Jesus willingly died on the cross so that God could forgive them for sinning against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What do the words “remain,” “reside,” and “abide” mean in the Gospel of John?<br><br>John often used the words “remain,” “reside”, and “abide” as metaphors. John spoke of a believer becoming more faithful to Jesus and knowing Jesus better as if Jesus’ word “remained” in the believer. Also, John spoke of someone being spiritually joined to someone else as if the person “remained” in the other person. Christians are said to “remain” in Christ and in God. The Father is said to “remain” in the Son, and the Son is said to “remain” in the Father. The Son is said to “remain” in believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to “remain” in the believers.<br><br>Many translators will find it impossible to represent these ideas in their languages in exactly the same way. For example, Jesus intended to express the idea of the Christian being spiritually together with him when he said, “He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him” (John 6:56). The UST uses the idea of “will be joined to me, and I will be joined to him.” But translators may have to find other ways of expressing the idea.<br><br>In the passage, “If my words remain in you” (John 15:7), the UST expresses this idea as, “If you live by my message.” Translators may find it possible to use this translation as a model.<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Gospel of John?<br><br>The following verses found in older versions of the Bible but are not included in most modern versions. Translators are advised not to translate these verses. However, if in the translators’ region, there are older versions of the Bible that include these verses, the translators can include them. If they are translated, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to John’s Gospel.<br>* “waiting for the moving of the water. For an angel of the Lord occasionally went down into the pool and stirred the water and whoever went first after the stirring of the water, was made well from the disease they had.” (5:3-4)<br>* “going through the midst of them, and so passed by” (8:59)<br><br>The following passage is included in most older and modern versions of the Bible. But it is not in the earliest copies of the Bible. Translators are advised to translate this passage. It should be put inside of square brackets ([]) to indicate that it may not have been original to John’s Gospel.<br>* The story of the adulterous woman (7:53-8:11)<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
 JHN	1	intro	k29b			0		# John 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:23, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “The Word”<br><br>John uses the phrase “the Word” to refer to Jesus ([John 1:1, 14](./01.md)). John is saying that God’s most important message to all people is actually Jesus, a person with a physical body. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]])<br><br>### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>### “Children of God”<br><br>When people believes in Jesus, they go from being “children of wrath” to “children of God.” They are adopted into the “family of God.”They are adopted into the “family of God.” This is an important image that will be unfolded in the New Testament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>John uses the metaphors of light and darkness and of the Word to tell the reader that he will be writing more about good and evil and about what God wants to tell people through Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “In the beginning”<br><br>Some languages and cultures speak of the world as if it has always existed, as if it had no beginning. But “very long ago” is different from “in the beginning,” and you need to be sure that your translation communicates correctly.<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([John 1:51](../../jhn/01/51.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JHN	1	1	er9g		ἐν ἀρχῇ	1	In the beginning	This refers to the very earliest time before God created the heavens and the earth.
-JHN	1	1	z59q		ὁ λόγος	1	the Word	This refers to Jesus. Translate as “the Word” if possible. If “Word” is feminine in your language, it could be translated as “the one who is called the Word.”
+JHN	1	1	z59q		ὁ λόγος	1	the Word	This refers to Jesus. Translate as **the Word** if possible. If “word” is feminine in your language, it could be translated as “the one who is called the Word.”
 JHN	1	3	gm5g	figs-activepassive	πάντα δι’ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο	1	All things were made through him	You can translate this with an active verb. Alternate translation: “God made all things through him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JHN	1	3	aqs1	figs-doublenegatives	χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν ὃ γέγονεν	1	without him there was not one thing made that has been made	If your language does not permit double negatives, these words should communicate that the opposite of “all things were made through him” is false. Alternate translation: “with him there was every thing made that has been made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 JHN	1	3	v4yk	figs-activepassive	χωρὶς αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ ἕν ὃ γέγονεν	1		You can translate this with an active verb. Alternate translation: “God did not make anything without him” or “God made with him every thing that God has made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JHN	1	4	pz5c	figs-metonymy	ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν	1	In him was life, and the life was the light of men	**In him was life** is a metonym for causing everything to live. Alternate translation: “He is the one who caused everything to live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	1	4	pz5c	figs-metonymy	ἐν αὐτῷ ζωὴ ἦν	1	In him was life, and the life was the light of men	**In him was life** is a metonym for causing everything to live. Alternate translation: “He is the one who caused everything to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	1	4	dpeb	figs-metaphor	ἡ ζωὴ ἦν τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1		Here, **light** here is a metaphor for “truth.” Alternate translation: “he revealed to people what is true about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	1	4	dv2f		ἐν αὐτῷ	1	In him	Here, **him** refers to the one who is called the Word.
 JHN	1	4	wxn4		ζωὴ	1	life	Here use a general term for **life**. If you must be more specific, translate as “spiritual life.”
-JHN	1	5	y5ry	figs-metaphor	τὸ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει, καὶ ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν	1	The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it	Here, **light** is a metaphor for what is true and good. Here, **darkness** is a metaphor what is false and evil. Alternate translation: “The truth is like a light shining into a dark place, and no one in the dark place could put out the light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	1	7	mht8	figs-metaphor	μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός	1	testify about the light	Here, **light** is a metaphor for the revelation of God in Jesus. Alternate translation: “show how Jesus is like the true light of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	1	9	xe1z	figs-metaphor	τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινὸν	1	The true light	Here light is a metaphor that represents Jesus as the one who both reveals the truth about God and is himself that truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	1	5	y5ry	figs-metaphor	τὸ φῶς ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει, καὶ ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβεν	1	The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it	Here, **light** is a metaphor for what is true and good. Here, **darkness** is a metaphor what is false and evil. Alternate translation: “the truth is like a light shining into a dark place, and no one in the dark place could put out the light” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	1	7	mht8	figs-metaphor	μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός	1	testify about the light	Here, **light** is a metaphor for the revelation of God in Jesus. Alternate translation: “he might show how Jesus is like the true light of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	1	9	xe1z	figs-metaphor	τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινὸν	1	The true light	Here **light** is a metaphor that represents Jesus as the one who both reveals the truth about God and is himself that truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	1	10	b93e		ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἦν, καὶ ὁ κόσμος δι’ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔγνω	1	He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world did not know him	“Even though he was in this world, and God created everything through him, people still did not recognize him”
-JHN	1	10	ke5s	figs-metonymy	ὁ κόσμος αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔγνω	1	the world did not know him	The “world” is a metonym that stands for all the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “the people did not know who he really was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	1	10	ke5s	figs-metonymy	ὁ κόσμος αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔγνω	1	the world did not know him	Here, **the world** is a metonym that stands for all the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “the people did not know who he really was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	1	11	jr6d		εἰς τὰ ἴδια ἦλθεν, καὶ οἱ ἴδιοι αὐτὸν οὐ παρέλαβον	1	He came to his own, and his own did not receive him	“He came to his own fellow countrymen, and his own fellow countrymen did not accept him either”
-JHN	1	11	va1w		αὐτὸν…παρέλαβον	1	receive him	“accept him.” To receive someone is to welcome him and treat him with honor in hopes of building a relationship with him.
-JHN	1	12	jp3y	figs-metonymy	πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ	1	believed in his name	The word **name** is a metonym that stands for Jesus’ identity and everything about him. Alternate translation: “believed in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	1	12	x4f9		ἔδωκεν…ἐξουσίαν	1	he gave the right	“he gave them the authority” or “he made it possible for them”
+JHN	1	11	va1w		αὐτὸν οὐ παρέλαβον	1	receive him	“did not accept him.” To **receive** someone is to welcome him and treat him with honor in hopes of building a relationship with him.
+JHN	1	12	jp3y	figs-metonymy	πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ	1	believed in his name	Here, **name** is a metonym that stands for Jesus’ identity and everything about him. Alternate translation: “believed in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	1	12	x4f9		ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν	1	he gave the right	“he gave them the authority” or “he made it possible for them”
 JHN	1	12	uc6e	figs-metaphor	τέκνα Θεοῦ	1	children of God	The word **children** is a metaphor that represents our relationship to God, which is like children to a father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	1	14	ft2l		ὁ λόγος	1	The Word	This refers to Jesus. Translate as “the Word” if possible. If “Word” is feminine in your language, it could be translated as “the one who is called the Word.” See how you translated this in [John 1:1](../01/01.md).
+JHN	1	14	ft2l		ὁ λόγος	1	The Word	This refers to Jesus. Translate as **the Word** if possible. If “word” is feminine in your language, it could be translated as “the one who is called the Word.” See how you translated this in [John 1:1](../01/01.md).
 JHN	1	14	x1ae	figs-synecdoche	σὰρξ ἐγένετο	1	became flesh	Here, **flesh** represents “a person” or “a human being.” Alternate translation: “became human” or “became a human being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-JHN	1	14	wa23		μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός	1	the one and only who came from the Father	The phrase **the one an only** means that he is unique, that no one else is like him. The phrase **who came from the Father** means that he is the Father’s child. Alternate translation: “the unique Son of the Father” or “the only Son of the Father”
+JHN	1	14	wa23		μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός	1	the one and only who came from the Father	The phrase **the only begotten** means that he is unique, that no one else is like him. The phrase **from the Father** means that he is the Father’s child. Alternate translation: “the unique Son of the Father” or “the only Son of the Father”
 JHN	1	14	b5t5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	πατρός	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	1	14	tg4m		πλήρης χάριτος	1	full of grace	“full of kind acts towards us, acts we do not deserve”
-JHN	1	15	k7rm		ὁ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος	1	He who comes after me	John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase **comes after me** means that John’s ministry has already started and Jesus’ ministry will start later.
+JHN	1	15	k7rm		ὁ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος	1	He who comes after me	John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase **is coming after me** means that John’s ministry has already started and Jesus’ ministry will start later.
 JHN	1	15	q75h		ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν	1	is greater than I am	“is more important than I am” or “has more authority than I have”
 JHN	1	15	lrd7		ὅτι πρῶτός μου ἦν	1	for he was before me	Be careful not to translate this in a way that suggests that Jesus is more important because he is older than John in human years. Jesus is greater and more important than John because he is God the Son, who has always been alive.
-JHN	1	16	p3zg		τοῦ πληρώματος	1	fullness	This word refers to God’s grace that has no end.
+JHN	1	16	p3zg		τοῦ πληρώματος	1	fullness	Here, **fullness** refers to God’s grace that has no end.
 JHN	1	16	b9r1		χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος	1	grace after grace	“blessing after blessing”
-JHN	1	18	h5cq	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατρὸς	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	1	18	h5cq	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρὸς	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	1	19	e1dz	figs-synecdoche	ἀπέστειλαν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐξ Ἱεροσολύμων	1	the Jews sent … to him from Jerusalem	The word **Jews** here represents the “Jewish leaders.” Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders sent … to him from Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	1	20	b7zz		ὡμολόγησεν καὶ οὐκ ἠρνήσατο, καὶ ὡμολόγησεν	1	He confessed—he did not deny, but confessed	The phrase **he did not deny** says in negative terms the same thing that “He confessed” says in positive terms. This emphasizes that John was telling the truth and was strongly stating that he was not the Christ. Your language may have a different way of doing this.
-JHN	1	21	iv9d		τί οὖν? σὺ	1	What are you then?	“What then is the case, if you are not the Messiah?” or “What then is going on?” or “What then are you doing?”
+JHN	1	21	iv9d		τί οὖν?	1	What are you then?	“What then is the case, if you are not the Messiah?” or “What then is going on?” or “What then are you doing?”
 JHN	1	22	t8ib			0	Connecting Statement:	John continues to speak with the priests and Levites.
 JHN	1	22	sa3t		εἶπαν…αὐτῷ	1	they said to him	“the priests and Levites said to John”
-JHN	1	22	x8wz	figs-exclusive	δῶμεν…ἡμᾶς	1	we may give … us	the priests and Levites, not John (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+JHN	1	22	x8wz	figs-exclusive	δῶμεν…ἡμᾶς	1	we may give … us	Here, **we** and **us** refer to the priests and Levites, not to John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 JHN	1	23	a732		ἔφη	1	He said	“John said”
 JHN	1	23	baa5	figs-metonymy	ἐγὼ φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ	1	I am a voice, crying in the wilderness	John is saying that Isaiah’s prophecy is about himself. The word **voice** here refers to the person who is crying out in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “I am the one calling out in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	1	23	iry1	figs-metaphor	εὐθύνατε τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου	1	Make the way of the Lord straight	Here the word **way** is used as a metaphor. Alternate translation: “Prepare yourselves for the Lord’s arrival the same way that people prepare the road for an important person to use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	1	24	bk96	writing-background	καὶ ἀπεσταλμένοι ἦσαν ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων	1	Now some from the Pharisees	This is background information about the people who questioned John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	1	26	r4ty	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 28 tells us background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	1	27	x2ki	figs-explicit	ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος	1	who comes after me	You may need to make explicit what he will do when he has come. Alternate translation: “who will preach to you after I am gone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	1	27	y7v5	figs-metaphor	μου…οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγὼ ἄξιος, ἵνα λύσω αὐτοῦ τὸν ἱμάντα τοῦ ὑποδήματος	1	me, the strap of whose sandal I am not worthy to untie	Untying sandals was the work of a slave or servant. These words are a metaphor for the most unpleasant work of a servant. Alternate translation: “me, whom I am not worthy to serve in even the most unpleasant way” or “me. I am not even worthy to untie the strap of his sandal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	1	29	j397	figs-metaphor	Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Lamb of God	This is a metaphor that represents God’s perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the “Lamb of God” because he was sacrificed to pay for people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	1	28	r4ty	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 28 tells us background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+JHN	1	29	j397	figs-metaphor	Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Lamb of God	This is a metaphor that represents God’s perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the **Lamb of God** because he was sacrificed to pay for people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	1	29	rg4n	figs-metonymy	κόσμου	1	world	The word **world** is a metonym and refers to all the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	1	30	x393		ὀπίσω μου ἔρχεται ἀνὴρ, ὃς ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν, ὅτι πρῶτός μου ἦν.	1	The one who comes after me is more than me, for he was before me	See how you translated this in [John 1:15](../01/15.md).
 JHN	1	32	mcc7		καταβαῖνον	1	descending	coming down from above
-JHN	1	32	xyr3	figs-simile	ὡς περιστερὰν	1	like a dove	This phrase is a simile. The “Spirit” comes down just like a dove lands on a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-JHN	1	32	uji2		οὐρανοῦ	1	heaven	The word **heaven** refers to the “sky.”
-JHN	1	34	ea3y	translate-textvariants	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the Son of God	Some copies of this text say “Son of God”; others say “chosen one of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
-JHN	1	34	naf2	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	1	32	xyr3	figs-simile	ὡς περιστερὰν	1	like a dove	This phrase is a simile. The “Spirit” comes down just like a **dove** lands on a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+JHN	1	32	uji2		οὐρανοῦ	1	heaven	Here, **heaven** refers to the “sky.”
+JHN	1	34	ea3y	translate-textvariants	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the Son of God	Some copies of this text say **Son of God**; others say “chosen one of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
+JHN	1	34	naf2	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	1	35	i3lg		τῇ ἐπαύριον πάλιν	1	Again, the next day	This is another day. It is the second day that John sees Jesus.
-JHN	1	36	ap5m	figs-metaphor	Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Lamb of God	This is a metaphor that represents God’s perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the “Lamb of God” because he was sacrificed to pay for people’s sins. See how you translated this same phrase in [John 1:29](../01/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	1	36	ap5m	figs-metaphor	Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Lamb of God	This is a metaphor that represents God’s perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the **Lamb of God** because he was sacrificed to pay for people’s sins. See how you translated this same phrase in [John 1:29](../01/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	1	39	tb9j		ὥρα…δεκάτη	1	tenth hour	“hour 10.” This phrase indicates a time in the afternoon, before dark, at which it would be too late to start traveling to another town, possibly around 4 p.m.
 JHN	1	40	x8g8			0	General Information:	These verses give us information about Andrew and how he brought his brother Peter to Jesus. This happened before they went and saw where Jesus was staying in [John 1:39](../01/39.md).
-JHN	1	42	k2dx		υἱὸς Ἰωάννου	1	son of John	This is not John the Baptist. “John” was a very common name.
-JHN	1	44	i5bm	writing-background	ἦν δὲ ὁ Φίλιππος ἀπὸ Βηθσαϊδά, ἐκ τῆς πόλεως Ἀνδρέου καὶ Πέτρου	1	Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter	This is background information about Philip. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+JHN	1	42	k2dx		υἱὸς Ἰωάννου	1	son of John	This is not John the Baptist. **John** was a very common name.
+JHN	1	44	i5bm	writing-background	ἦν δὲ ὁ Φίλιππος ἀπὸ Βηθσαϊδά, ἐκ τῆς πόλεως Ἀνδρέου καὶ Πέτρου	1	Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter	This is background information about **Philip**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	1	46	s2kg		εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ναθαναήλ	1	Nathaniel said to him	“Nathaniel said to Philip”
-JHN	1	46	i4wp	figs-rquestion	ἐκ Ναζαρὲτ δύναταί τι ἀγαθὸν εἶναι	1	Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?	This remark appears in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “No good thing can come out of Nazareth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	1	46	i4wp	figs-rquestion	ἐκ Ναζαρὲτ δύναταί τι ἀγαθὸν εἶναι?	1	Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?	This remark appears in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “No good thing can come out of Nazareth!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	1	47	ys8d	figs-litotes	ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστιν	1	in whom is no deceit	You can state this in a positive way. Alternate translation: “a completely truthful man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 JHN	1	49	l666	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	1	50	p3ma	figs-rquestion	ὅτι εἶπόν σοι, ὅτι εἶδόν σε ὑποκάτω τῆς συκῆς, πιστεύεις	1	Because I said to you … do you believe?	This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. Alternate translation: “You believe because I said, ‘I saw you underneath the fig tree’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	1	50	p3ma	figs-rquestion	ὅτι εἶπόν σοι, ὅτι εἶδόν σε ὑποκάτω τῆς συκῆς, πιστεύεις?	1	Because I said to you … do you believe?	This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. Alternate translation: “You believe because I said, ‘I saw you underneath the fig tree’!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	1	51	ga44		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true.
 JHN	2	intro	jav2			0		# John 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wine<br><br>The Jews drank wine at many meals and especially when they were celebrating special events. They did not believe that it was a sin to drink wine.<br><br>### Driving out the money changers<br><br>Jesus drove the money changers out of the temple to show that he had authority over the temple and over all of Israel.<br><br>### “He knew what was in man”<br><br>Jesus knew what other people were thinking only because he was and is the Son of Man and the Son of God.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “His disciples remembered”<br><br>John used this phrase to stop telling the main history and to tell about something that happened much later. It was right after he scolded the pigeon sellers ([John 2:16](../../jhn/02/16.md)) that the Jewish authorities spoke to him. It was after Jesus became alive again that his disciples remembered what the prophet had written long before and that Jesus was talking about the temple of his body ([John 2:17](../../jhn/02/17.md) and [John 2:22](../../jhn/02/22.md)).
 JHN	2	1	rl16	writing-background		0	General Information:	Jesus and his disciples are invited to a wedding. These verse give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	2	1	vw9e		τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ	1	Three days later	Most interpreters read this as on the third day after Jesus called Philip and Nathaniel to follow him. The first day occurs in John 1:35 and the second in John 1:43.
-JHN	2	2	xm3r	figs-activepassive	ἐκλήθη…ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν γάμον	1	Jesus and his disciples were invited to the wedding	You can state this in an active form. Alternate translation: “Someone invited Jesus and his disciples to the wedding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JHN	2	4	a2ji		γύναι	1	Woman	This refers to Mary. If it is impolite for a son to call his mother “woman” in your language, use another word that is polite, or leave it out.
-JHN	2	4	jc75	figs-rquestion	τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί	1	why do you come to me?	This question is asked to provide emphasis. Alternate translation: “this has nothing to do with me.” or “you should not tell me what to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	2	4	v5x5	figs-metonymy	οὔπω ἥκει ἡ ὥρα μου	1	My time has not yet come	The word **time** is a metonym that represents the right occasion for Jesus to show that he is the Messiah by working miracles. Alternate translation: “It is not yet the right time for me to perform a mighty act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	2	1	vw9e		τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ	1	Three days later	Most interpreters read this as on the **third day** after Jesus called Philip and Nathaniel to follow him. The first day occurs in John 1:35 and the second in John 1:43.
+JHN	2	2	xm3r	figs-activepassive	ἐκλήθη…καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν γάμον	1	Jesus and his disciples were invited to the wedding	You can state this in an active form. Alternate translation: “someone invited Jesus and his disciples to the wedding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+JHN	2	4	a2ji		γύναι	1	Woman	**Woman** here refers to Mary. If it is impolite for a son to call his mother “woman” in your language, use another word that is polite, or leave it out.
+JHN	2	4	jc75	figs-rquestion	τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί, γύναι?	1	why do you come to me?	This question is asked to provide emphasis. Alternate translation: “Woman, this has nothing to do with me.” or “Woman, you should not tell me what to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	2	4	v5x5	figs-metonymy	οὔπω ἥκει ἡ ὥρα μου	1	My time has not yet come	The word **hour** is a metonym that represents the right occasion for Jesus to show that he is the Messiah by working miracles. Alternate translation: “It is not yet the right time for me to perform a mighty act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	2	6	y7p3	translate-bvolume	μετρητὰς δύο ἢ τρεῖς	1	two to three metretes	You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “75 to 115 liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
 JHN	2	7	vt75		ἕως ἄνω	1	to the brim	This means “to the very top” or “completely full.”
 JHN	2	8	h9gr		τῷ ἀρχιτρικλίνῳ	1	the head waiter	This refers to the person in charge of the food and drink.
@@ -85,71 +85,70 @@ JHN	2	13	bh23			0	General Information:	Jesus and his disciples go up to Jerusale
 JHN	2	13	xr29		ἀνέβη εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα	1	went up to Jerusalem	This indicates that he went from a lower place to a higher place. Jerusalem is built on a hill.
 JHN	2	14	i8lv		καθημένους	1	were sitting there	The next verse makes it clear that these people are in the temple courtyard. That area was intended for worship and not for commerce.
 JHN	2	14	sa75		τοὺς πωλοῦντας βόας καὶ πρόβατα καὶ περιστερὰς	1	sellers of oxen and sheep and pigeons	People are buying animals in the temple courtyard to sacrifice them to God.
-JHN	2	14	qu9k		κερματιστὰς	1	money changers	Jewish authorities required people who wanted to buy animals for sacrifices to exchange their money for special money from the “money changers.”
+JHN	2	14	qu9k		κερματιστὰς	1	money changers	Jewish authorities required people who wanted to buy animals for sacrifices to exchange their money for special money from the **money changers**.
 JHN	2	15	x6et		καὶ	1	So	This word marks an event that happens because of something else that has happened first. In this case, Jesus has seen the money changers sitting in the temple.
 JHN	2	16	r16m		μὴ ποιεῖτε τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός μου οἶκον ἐμπορίου	1	Stop making the house of my Father a marketplace	“Stop buying and selling things in my Father’s house”
 JHN	2	16	h6qy		τὸν οἶκον τοῦ πατρός μου	1	the house of my Father	This is a phrase Jesus uses to refer to the temple.
-JHN	2	16	grg3	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ πατρός μου	1	my Father	This is an important title that Jesus uses for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	2	16	grg3	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ πατρός μου	1	my Father	**Father** is an important title that Jesus uses for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	2	17	c2pu	figs-activepassive	γεγραμμένον ἐστίν	1	it was written	You can state this in an active form. Alternate translation: “someone had written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JHN	2	17	ua3v		τοῦ οἴκου σου	1	your house	This term refers to the temple, God’s house.
+JHN	2	17	ua3v		τοῦ οἴκου σου	1	your house	This term refers to the temple, God’s **house**.
 JHN	2	17	gg1w	figs-metaphor	καταφάγεταί	1	consume	The word **consume** points to the metaphor of “fire.” Jesus’ love for the temple is like a fire that burns within him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	2	18	qtx1		σημεῖον	1	sign	This refers to an event that proves something is true.
 JHN	2	18	r5rw		ταῦτα	1	these things	This refers to Jesus’ actions against the money changers in the temple.
-JHN	2	19	mp6i	figs-hypo	λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν	1	Destroy this temple,…I will raise it up	Jesus is stating a hypothetical situation in which something would certainly happen if something else that is not true were true. In this case, he would certainly raise the temple up if the Jewish authorities were to destroy it. He is not commanding the Jewish authorities to tear down the actual temple building. Alternate translation: “If you destroy this temple, I will certainly raise it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
-JHN	2	19	of4u	figs-metaphor	λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν	1		You can translate the words **destroy** and **raise** using the usual words for tearing down and rebuilding a building. Alternate translation: “You can be certain that if you were to destroy this temple, I would raise it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	2	19	k2pz		ἐγερῶ αὐτόν	1	raise it up	“cause it to stand”
+JHN	2	19	mp6i	figs-hypo	λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν	1	Destroy this temple,…I will raise it up	Jesus is stating a hypothetical situation in which something would certainly happen if something else that is not true were true. In this case, he would certainly **raise** the **temple** up if the Jewish authorities were to **destroy** it. He is not commanding the Jewish authorities to tear down the actual temple building. Alternate translation: “If you destroy this temple, I will certainly raise it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
+JHN	2	19	of4u	figs-metaphor	λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, καὶ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν	1		You can translate the words **Destroy** and **raise** using the usual words for tearing down and rebuilding a building. Alternate translation: “You can be certain that if you were to destroy this temple, I would raise it up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	2	19	k2pz		ἐγερῶ αὐτόν	1	raise it up	“I will cause it to stand”
 JHN	2	20	g6jx	writing-endofstory		0	General Information:	Verses 21 and 22 are not part of the main story line, but instead they comment on the story and tell about something that happens later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
 JHN	2	20	rn6x	translate-numbers	τεσσεράκοντα…ἓξ ἔτεσιν…τρισὶν ἡμέραις	1	forty-six years … three days	“46 years … 3 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-JHN	2	20	xbx3	figs-idiom	σὺ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερεῖς αὐτόν	1	you will raise it up in three days?	Here, **raise** is an idiom for “establish.” Alternate translation: “you will establish it in three days?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+JHN	2	20	xbx3	figs-idiom	σὺ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερεῖς αὐτόν?	1	you will raise it up in three days?	Here, **raise** is an idiom for “establish.” Alternate translation: “you will establish it in three days?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JHN	2	20	qb4x	figs-rquestion	σὺ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερεῖς αὐτόν?	1		This remark appears in the form of a question to show that the Jewish authorities understand that Jesus wants to tear down the temple and build it again in three days. Alternate translation: “you cannot possibly rebuild it in three days!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	2	22	gq2w		ἐπίστευσαν	1	believed	Here, **believe** means to accept something or trust that it is true.
+JHN	2	22	gq2w		ἐπίστευσαν	1	believed	Here, **believed** means to accept something or trust that it is true.
 JHN	2	22	ewi1		τῷ λόγῳ	1	this statement	This refers back to Jesus’ statement in [John 2:19](../02/19.md).
-JHN	2	23	kvn6		ὡς δὲ ἦν ἐν τοῖς Ἱεροσολύμοις	1	Now when he was in Jerusalem	The word **now** introduces us to a new event in the story.
+JHN	2	23	kvn6		ὡς δὲ ἦν ἐν τοῖς Ἱεροσολύμοις	1	Now when he was in Jerusalem	The word **Now** introduces us to a new event in the story.
 JHN	2	23	w3qv	figs-metonymy	ἐπίστευσαν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ	1	believed in his name	Here, **name** is a metonym that represents the person of Jesus. Alternate translation: “believed in him” or “trusted in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	2	23	u65n		τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐποίει	1	the signs that he did	Miracles can also be called “signs” because they are used as evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
+JHN	2	23	u65n		τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐποίει	1	the signs that he did	Miracles can also be called **signs** because they are used as evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
 JHN	2	25	et23	figs-gendernotations	περὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου…γὰρ ἐγίνωσκεν τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ	1	about man, for he knew what was in man	Here the word **man** represents people in general. Alternate translation: “about people, for he knew what was in people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 JHN	3	intro	i7a7			0		# John 3 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([John 3:13](../../jhn/03/13.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JHN	3	1	yl6f			0	General Information:	Nicodemus comes to see Jesus.
-JHN	3	1	s9p9	writing-participants	δὲ	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a new part of the story and to introduce Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
+JHN	3	1	s9p9	writing-participants	δὲ	1	Now	**Now** is used here to mark a new part of the story and to introduce Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
 JHN	3	2	skq8		οἴδαμεν	1	we know	Here, **we** is exclusive, referring only to Nicodemus and the other members of the Jewish council.
 JHN	3	3	b9u1			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus and Nicodemus continue talking.
 JHN	3	3	nz18		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
 JHN	3	3	t8pt		γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν	1	born again	“born from above” or “born of God”
 JHN	3	3	ikj9	figs-metaphor	Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	kingdom of God	The word **kingdom** is a metaphor for the rule of God. Alternate translation: “place where God rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	3	4	wa1p	figs-rquestion	πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος γεννηθῆναι, γέρων ὤν	1	How can a man be born when he is old?	Nicodemus uses this question to emphasize that this cannot happen. Alternate translation: “A man certainly cannot be born again when he is old!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	3	4	yk9d	figs-rquestion	μὴ δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ δεύτερον εἰσελθεῖν καὶ γεννηθῆναι	1	He cannot enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born, can he?	Nicodemus also uses this question to emphasize his belief that a second birth is impossible. “Certainly, he cannot enter a second time into his mother’s womb!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	3	4	wa1p	figs-rquestion	πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος γεννηθῆναι, γέρων ὤν?	1	How can a man be born when he is old?	Nicodemus uses this question to emphasize that this cannot happen. Alternate translation: “A man certainly cannot be born again when he is old!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	3	4	yk9d	figs-rquestion	μὴ δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ δεύτερον εἰσελθεῖν καὶ γεννηθῆναι?	1	He cannot enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born, can he?	Nicodemus also uses this question to emphasize his belief that a second birth is impossible. “Certainly, he cannot enter a second time into his mother’s womb!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	3	4	z64b		δεύτερον	1	a second time	“again” or “twice”
 JHN	3	4	ppr8		τὴν κοιλίαν	1	womb	the part of a woman’s body where a baby grows
 JHN	3	5	il52		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	You can translate this in the same way you did in [John 3:3](../03/03.md).
-JHN	3	5	n6d7	figs-metaphor	γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ Πνεύματος	1	born of water and the Spirit	There are two possible meanings: (1) “baptized in water and in the Spirit” (2) “born physically and spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	3	5	m37g	figs-metaphor	εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	enter into the kingdom of God	The word **kingdom** is a metaphor for the rule of God in one’s life. Alternate translation: “experience the rule of God in his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	3	5	n6d7	figs-metaphor	γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ Πνεύματος	1	born of water and the Spirit	There are two possible meanings: (1) “would be baptized in water and in the Spirit” (2) “would be born physically and spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	3	5	m37g	figs-metaphor	εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	enter into the kingdom of God	The word **kingdom** is a metaphor for the rule of God in one’s life. Alternate translation: “to experience the rule of God in his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	3	7	t2sl			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to Nicodemus.
 JHN	3	7	lpj4		δεῖ ὑμᾶς γεννηθῆναι ἄνωθεν	1	You must be born again	“You must be born from above”
 JHN	3	8	p87y	figs-personification	τὸ πνεῦμα ὅπου θέλει, πνεῖ	1	The wind blows wherever it wishes	In the source language, wind and Spirit are the same word. The speaker here refers to the **wind** as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit is like a wind that blows wherever it wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-JHN	3	9	g4ji	figs-rquestion	πῶς δύναται ταῦτα γενέσθαι	1	How can these things be?	This question adds emphasis to the statement. Alternate translation: “This cannot be!” or “This is not able to happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	3	10	gw2h	figs-rquestion	σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ταῦτα οὐ γινώσκεις	1	Are you a teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand these things?	Jesus knows that Nicodemus is a teacher. He is not looking for information. Alternate translation: “You are a teacher of Israel, so I am surprised you do not understand these things!” or “You are a teacher of Israel, so you should understand these things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	3	10	gbu5		σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ…οὐ γινώσκεις	1	Are you a teacher … yet you do not understand	The word **you** is singular and refers to Nicodemus. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you)
+JHN	3	9	g4ji	figs-rquestion	πῶς δύναται ταῦτα γενέσθαι?	1	How can these things be?	This question adds emphasis to the statement. Alternate translation: “This cannot be!” or “This is not able to happen!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	3	10	gw2h	figs-rquestion	σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ταῦτα οὐ γινώσκεις?	1	Are you a teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand these things?	Jesus knows that Nicodemus is a teacher. He is not looking for information. Alternate translation: “You are a teacher of Israel, so I am surprised you do not understand these things!” or “You are a teacher of Israel, so you should understand these things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	3	10	gbu5		σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ταῦτα οὐ γινώσκεις	1	Are you a teacher … yet you do not understand	The word **you** is singular and refers to Nicodemus. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you)
 JHN	3	11	j1k1		οὐ λαμβάνετε	1	you do not accept	The word **you** is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you)
 JHN	3	11	jt1f		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
-JHN	3	11	upi7	figs-exclusive	λαλοῦμεν	1	we speak	When Jesus said “we,” he was not including Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+JHN	3	11	upi7	figs-exclusive	λαλοῦμεν	1	we speak	When Jesus said **we**, he was not including Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 JHN	3	12	y4e9			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues responding to Nicodemus.
-JHN	3	12	pt4x	figs-you	εἶπον ὑμῖν…οὐ πιστεύετε, πῶς ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν…πιστεύσετε	1	I told you … you do not believe … how will you believe if I tell you	In all three places “you” is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
-JHN	3	12	c6ia	figs-rquestion	πῶς ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν τὰ ἐπουράνια, πιστεύσετε	1	how will you believe if I tell you about heavenly things?	This question emphasizes the disbelief of Nicodemus and the Jews. Alternate translation: “you certainly will not believe if I tell you about heavenly things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	3	12	lbv3		εἶπον ὑμῖν…οὐ πιστεύετε, πῶς ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν…πιστεύσετε	1	heavenly things	spiritual things
-JHN	3	14	tb3s	figs-simile	καθὼς Μωϋσῆς ὕψωσεν τὸν ὄφιν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οὕτως ὑψωθῆναι δεῖ τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up	This figure of speech is called a simile. Some people will “lift up” Jesus just as Moses “lifted up” the bronze serpent in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-JHN	3	14	f9yi		ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ	1	in the wilderness	The wilderness is a dry, desert place, but here it refers specifically to the place where Moses and the Israelites walked around for forty years.
+JHN	3	12	pt4x	figs-you	εἶπον ὑμῖν…οὐ πιστεύετε, πῶς ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν…πιστεύσετε	1	I told you … you do not believe … how will you believe if I tell you	In all three places, **you** is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
+JHN	3	12	c6ia	figs-rquestion	πῶς ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν τὰ ἐπουράνια, πιστεύσετε?	1	how will you believe if I tell you about heavenly things?	This question emphasizes the disbelief of Nicodemus and the Jews. Alternate translation: “you certainly will not believe if I tell you about heavenly things!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	3	14	tb3s	figs-simile	καθὼς Μωϋσῆς ὕψωσεν τὸν ὄφιν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, οὕτως ὑψωθῆναι δεῖ τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up	This figure of speech is called a simile. Some people will “lift up” Jesus just as Moses **lifted up** the bronze serpent in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+JHN	3	14	f9yi		ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ	1	in the wilderness	The **wilderness** is a dry, desert place, but here it refers specifically to the place where Moses and the Israelites walked around for forty years.
 JHN	3	16	uxc2	figs-metonymy	οὕτως…ἠγάπησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον	1	God so loved the world	Here, **world** is a metonym that refers to everyone in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	3	16	jen2		ἠγάπησεν	1	loved	This is the kind of love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. God himself is love and is the source of true love.
 JHN	3	17	b7vf	figs-parallelism	οὐ γὰρ ἀπέστειλεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν Υἱὸν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ἵνα κρίνῃ τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλ’ ἵνα σωθῇ ὁ κόσμος δι’ αὐτοῦ	1	For God did not send the Son into the world in order to condemn the world, but in order to save the world through him	These two clauses mean nearly the same thing, said twice for emphasis, first in the negative and then in the positive. Some languages may indicate emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: “God’s real reason for sending his Son into the world was to save it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 JHN	3	17	rv45		ἵνα κρίνῃ	1	to condemn	“to punish.” Usually “punish” implies that the person who has been punished is then accepted by God. When a person is condemned, he is punished but never accepted by God.
 JHN	3	18	eb54	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	3	19	z9d2			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus finishes responding to Nicodemus.
-JHN	3	19	t9z5	figs-metaphor	τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον	1	The light has come into the world	The word **light** is a metaphor for God’s truth that is revealed in Jesus. Alternate translation: “The one who is like a light has come into the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	3	19	s1z2	figs-metonymy	τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον	1		The **world** is a metonym for all of the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “The one who is like a light has revealed God’s truth to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	3	19	gh4i	figs-123person	τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον	1		If your language does not allow people to speak of themselves in the third person, you may need to specify who the light is. Alternate translation: “The one who is like a light has revealed God’s truth to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
+JHN	3	19	t9z5	figs-metaphor	τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον	1	The light has come into the world	The word **light** is a metaphor for God’s truth that is revealed in Jesus. Alternate translation: “the one who is like a light has come into the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	3	19	s1z2	figs-metonymy	τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον	1		The **world** is a metonym for all of the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “the one who is like a light has revealed God’s truth to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	3	19	gh4i	figs-123person	τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον	1		If your language does not allow people to speak of themselves in the third person, you may need to specify who **the light** is. Alternate translation: “the one who is like a light has revealed God’s truth to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JHN	3	19	h4nk	figs-metaphor	ἠγάπησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι…τὸ σκότος	1	men loved the darkness	Here, **darkness** is a metaphor for evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	3	20	u25p	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ ἐλεγχθῇ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ	1	so that his deeds will not be exposed	You can state this in an active form. Alternate translation: “so that the light will not show the things he does” or “so that the light does not make clear his deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JHN	3	21	l7ax	figs-activepassive	φανερωθῇ αὐτοῦ τὰ ἔργα, ὅτι	1	plainly seen that his deeds	You can state this in an active form. Alternate translation: “people may clearly see his deeds” or “everyone may clearly see the things he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+JHN	3	21	l7ax	figs-activepassive	φανερωθῇ αὐτοῦ τὰ ἔργα	1	plainly seen that his deeds	You can state this in an active form. Alternate translation: “people may clearly see his deeds” or “everyone may clearly see the things he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JHN	3	22	uy4j		μετὰ ταῦτα	1	After this	This refers to after Jesus had spoken with Nicodemus. See how you translated this in [John 2:12](../02/12.md).
 JHN	3	23	x1ge	translate-names	Αἰνὼν	1	Aenon	This word means “springs,” as of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 JHN	3	23	e5v2	translate-names	τοῦ Σαλείμ	1	Salim	a village or town next to the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ JHN	3	23	jh2w		ὅτι ὕδατα πολλὰ ἦν ἐκεῖ	1	because there
 JHN	3	23	ukz2	figs-activepassive	ἐβαπτίζοντο	1	were being baptized	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “John was baptizing them” or “he was baptizing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JHN	3	25	ft8r	figs-activepassive	ἐγένετο οὖν ζήτησις ἐκ τῶν μαθητῶν Ἰωάννου μετὰ Ἰουδαίου	1	Then there arose a dispute between some of John’s disciples and a Jew	You can state this in an active form for clarity. Alternate translation: “Then John’s disciples and a Jew began to argue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JHN	3	25	fuq2		ζήτησις	1	a dispute	a fight using words
-JHN	3	26	jr28		σὺ μεμαρτύρηκας, ἴδε, οὗτος βαπτίζει	1	you have testified, look, he is baptizing,	In this phrase, “look” is a command meaning “pay attention!” Alternate translation: “you have testified, ‘Look! He is baptizing,’” or “you have testified. ‘Look at that! He is baptizing,’” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
+JHN	3	26	jr28		σὺ μεμαρτύρηκας, ἴδε, οὗτος βαπτίζει	1	you have testified, look, he is baptizing,	In this phrase, **behold** is a command meaning “pay attention!” Alternate translation: “you have testified, ‘Look! He is baptizing,’” or “you have testified. ‘Look at that! He is baptizing,’” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
 JHN	3	27	kl21		οὐ δύναται ἄνθρωπος λαμβάνειν, οὐδὲ ἓν ἐὰν μὴ	1	A man cannot receive anything unless	“Nobody has any power unless”
 JHN	3	27	hap4	figs-metonymy	ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	it has been given to him from heaven	Here, **heaven** is used as a metonym to refer to God. Alternate translation: “it has been given to him by God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	3	27	f818	figs-activepassive	ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1		You can state this in an active form. Alternate translation: “God has given it to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -167,9 +166,9 @@ JHN	3	29	k5xq			0	Connecting Statement:	John the Baptist continues speaking.
 JHN	3	29	p569	figs-metaphor	ὁ ἔχων τὴν νύμφην, νυμφίος ἐστίν	1	The bride belongs to the bridegroom	Here the **bride** and **bridegroom** are metaphors. Jesus is like the “bridegroom” and John is like the friend of the “bridegroom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	3	29	wkb8	figs-activepassive	αὕτη οὖν ἡ χαρὰ ἡ ἐμὴ πεπλήρωται	1	This, then, is my joy made complete	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “So then I rejoice greatly” or “So I rejoice much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JHN	3	29	hnw2		ἡ χαρὰ ἡ ἐμὴ	1	my joy	The word **my** refers to John the Baptist, the one who is speaking.
-JHN	3	30	kn9s		ἐκεῖνον δεῖ αὐξάνειν	1	He must increase	“He” refers to the bridegroom, Jesus, who will continue to grow in importance.
+JHN	3	30	kn9s		ἐκεῖνον δεῖ αὐξάνειν	1	He must increase	Here, **that one** refers to the bridegroom, Jesus, who will continue to grow in importance.
 JHN	3	31	qd7t		ὁ ἄνωθεν ἐρχόμενος, ἐπάνω πάντων ἐστίν	1	He who comes from above is above all	“He who comes from heaven is more important than anyone else”
-JHN	3	31	mhk9	figs-metonymy	ὁ ὢν ἐκ τῆς γῆς, ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐστιν, καὶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς λαλεῖ	1	He who is from the earth is from the earth and speaks about the earth	John means that Jesus is greater than he is since Jesus is from heaven, and John was born on the earth. Alternate translation: “He who is born in this world is like everyone else who lives in the world and he speaks about what happens in this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	3	31	mhk9	figs-metonymy	ὁ ὢν ἐκ τῆς γῆς, ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐστιν, καὶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς λαλεῖ	1	He who is from the earth is from the earth and speaks about the earth	John means that Jesus is greater than he is since Jesus is from heaven, and John was born on **the earth**. Alternate translation: “He who is born in this world is like everyone else who lives in the world and he speaks about what happens in this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	3	31	qrg7		ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐρχόμενος, ἐπάνω πάντων ἐστίν	1	He who comes from heaven is above all	This means the same thing as the first sentence. John repeats this for emphasis.
 JHN	3	32	c5yt		ὃ ἑώρακεν καὶ ἤκουσεν, τοῦτο μαρτυρεῖ	1	He testifies about what he has seen and heard	John is speaking about Jesus. Alternate translation: “The one from heaven tells about what he has seen and heard in heaven”
 JHN	3	32	kqi1	figs-hyperbole	τὴν μαρτυρίαν αὐτοῦ, οὐδεὶς λαμβάνει	1	no one accepts his testimony	Here John exaggerates to emphasize that only a few people believe Jesus. Alternate translation: “very few people believe him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@@ -181,120 +180,119 @@ JHN	3	34	bnx8		οὐ γὰρ ἐκ μέτρου δίδωσιν τὸ Πνεῦμ
 JHN	3	35	hmk4	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ…Υἱόν	1	Father … Son	These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	3	35	ha4e	figs-idiom	δέδωκεν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ	1	given … into his hand	This means to be put in his power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JHN	3	36	u1ks		ὁ πιστεύων	1	He who believes	“A person who believes” or “Anyone who believes”
-JHN	3	36	zy7u		ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ μένει ἐπ’ αὐτόν	1	the wrath of God stays on him	The abstract noun “wrath” can be translated with the verb “punish.” Alternate translation: “God will continue to punish him” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
+JHN	3	36	zy7u		ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ μένει ἐπ’ αὐτόν	1	the wrath of God stays on him	The abstract noun **wrath** can be translated with the verb “punish.” Alternate translation: “God will continue to punish him” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
 JHN	4	intro	j1hv			0		# John 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>John 4:4-38 forms one story centered on the teaching of Jesus as the “living water” who gives eternal life to all who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “It was necessary for him to pass through Samaria”<br><br>Jews avoided traveling through the region of Samaria because the Samaritans were descendants of ungodly people. So Jesus had to do what most Jews did not want to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kingdomofisrael]])<br><br>### “The hour is coming”<br><br>Jesus used these words to begin prophecies about times that could be shorter or longer than sixty minutes. “The hour” in which true worshipers will worship in spirit and truth is longer than sixty minutes.<br><br>### The proper place of worship<br><br>Long before Jesus lived, the Samaritan people had broken the law of Moses by setting up a false temple in their land ([John 4:20](../../jhn/04/20.md)). Jesus explained to the woman that it was no longer important where people worshiped ([John 4:21-24](./21.md)).<br><br>### Harvest<br><br>Harvest is when people go out to get the food they have planted so they can bring it to their houses and eat it. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about Jesus so those people can be part of God’s kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### “The Samaritan woman”<br><br>John probably told this story to show the difference between the Samaritan woman, who believed, and the Jews, who did not believe and later killed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “In spirit and truth”<br><br>The people who truly know who God is and enjoy worshiping him and love him for who he is are the ones who truly please him. Where they worship is not important.
 JHN	4	1	jum6	writing-background		0	General Information:	John 4:1-6 gives the background to the next event, Jesus’ conversation with a Samaritan woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	4	1	ci4n			0	Connecting Statement:	A long sentence begins here.
 JHN	4	1	b1vc		ὡς οὖν ἔγνω ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι ἤκουσαν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι, ὅτι Ἰησοῦς πλείονας μαθητὰς ποιεῖ καὶ βαπτίζει ἢ Ἰωάννης	1	Now when Jesus knew that the Pharisees had heard that he was making and baptizing more disciples than John	“Now Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John. When he knew that the Pharisees had heard that he was doing this.”
-JHN	4	1	h6ek		ὡς οὖν ἔγνω ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	Now when Jesus knew	The word **now** is used here to mark a break in the main events. Here John starts to tell a new part of the narrative.
-JHN	4	2	d4ng	figs-rpronouns	Ἰησοῦς αὐτὸς οὐκ ἐβάπτιζεν	1	Jesus himself was not baptizing	The reflexive pronoun “himself” adds emphasis that it was not Jesus who was baptizing, but his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
-JHN	4	3	dm2t		ἀφῆκεν τὴν Ἰουδαίαν καὶ ἀπῆλθεν πάλιν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν	1	he left Judea and went back again to Galilee	You may need to rearrange the entire sentence that begins with the words “Now when Jesus” in verse 1. “Now Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John (although Jesus himself was not baptizing, but his disciples were). The Pharisees heard that Jesus was doing this. When Jesus knew that the Pharisees learned what he was doing, he left Judea and went back again to Galilee”
+JHN	4	1	h6ek		ὡς οὖν ἔγνω ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	Now when Jesus knew	The word **Then** is used here to mark a break in the main events. Here John starts to tell a new part of the narrative.
+JHN	4	2	d4ng	figs-rpronouns	Ἰησοῦς αὐτὸς οὐκ ἐβάπτιζεν	1	Jesus himself was not baptizing	The reflexive pronoun **himself** adds emphasis that it was not Jesus who was **baptizing, but his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
+JHN	4	3	dm2t		ἀφῆκεν τὴν Ἰουδαίαν καὶ ἀπῆλθεν πάλιν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν	1	he left Judea and went back again to Galilee	You may need to reorder the entire sentence that begins with the words “Now when Jesus” in verse 1. “Now Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John (although Jesus himself was not baptizing, but his disciples were). The Pharisees heard that Jesus was doing this. When Jesus knew that the Pharisees learned what he was doing, he left Judea and went back again to Galilee”
 JHN	4	7	g82d		δός μοι πεῖν	1	Give me some water	This is a polite request, not a command.
 JHN	4	8	u29c		οἱ γὰρ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ἀπεληλύθεισαν	1	For his disciples had gone	He did not ask his disciples to draw water for him because they had gone.
 JHN	4	9	l2qh		λέγει οὖν αὐτῷ ἡ γυνὴ ἡ Σαμαρεῖτις	1	Then the Samaritan woman said to him	The word **him** refers to Jesus.
-JHN	4	9	xdw7	figs-rquestion	πῶς σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὢν, παρ’ ἐμοῦ πεῖν αἰτεῖς	1	How is it that you, being a Jew, are asking … for something to drink?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Samaritan woman’s surprise that Jesus asked her for a drink. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe that you, being a Jew, are asking a Samaritan for a drink!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	4	9	xdw7	figs-rquestion	πῶς σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὢν, παρ’ ἐμοῦ πεῖν αἰτεῖς γυναικὸς Σαμαρείτιδος οὔσης?	1	How is it that you, being a Jew, are asking … for something to drink?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Samaritan woman’s surprise that Jesus asked her for a drink. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe that you, being a Jew, are asking a Samaritan woman for a drink!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	4	9	px8w		οὐ…συνχρῶνται	1	have no dealings with	“do not associate with”
-JHN	4	10	zub5	figs-metaphor	ὕδωρ ζῶν	1	living water	Jesus uses the metaphor “living water” to refer to the Holy Spirit who works in a person to transform and bring new life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	4	12	di9q	figs-rquestion	μὴ σὺ μείζων εἶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἰακώβ, ὃς ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν τὸ φρέαρ, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἔπιεν, καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰ θρέμματα αὐτοῦ	1	You are not greater, are you, than our father Jacob … cattle?	This remark occurs in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You are not greater than our father Jacob … cattle!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	4	10	zub5	figs-metaphor	ὕδωρ ζῶν	1	living water	Jesus uses the metaphor **living water** to refer to the Holy Spirit who works in a person to transform and bring new life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	4	12	di9q	figs-rquestion	μὴ σὺ μείζων εἶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἰακώβ, ὃς ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν τὸ φρέαρ, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἔπιεν, καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὰ θρέμματα αὐτοῦ?	1	You are not greater, are you, than our father Jacob … cattle?	This remark occurs in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You are not greater than our father Jacob, who gave us the well and drank from it himself, and his sons and his cattle!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	4	12	knw5		τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἰακώβ	1	our father Jacob	“our ancestor Jacob”
-JHN	4	12	sj7n		ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἔπιεν	1	drank from it	“drank water that came from it”
+JHN	4	12	sj7n		ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἔπιεν	1	drank from it	“drank water that came from this well”
 JHN	4	13	leu7		διψήσει πάλιν	1	will be thirsty again	“will need to drink water again”
-JHN	4	14	g598	figs-metaphor	τὸ ὕδωρ ὃ δώσω αὐτῷ γενήσεται ἐν αὐτῷ πηγὴ ὕδατος	1	the water that I will give him will become a fountain of water in him	Here the word **fountain** is a metaphor for life-giving water. Alternate translation: “the water that I will give him will become like a spring of water in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	4	14	g598	figs-metaphor	τὸ ὕδωρ ὃ δώσω αὐτῷ γενήσεται ἐν αὐτῷ πηγὴ ὕδατος	1	the water that I will give him will become a fountain of water in him	Here the word **fountain of water** is a metaphor for life-giving water. Alternate translation: “the water that I will give him will become like a spring of water in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	4	14	fha9		ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	eternal life	Here, **life** refers to the “spiritual life” that only God can give.
-JHN	4	15	iz1p		κύριε	1	Sir	In this context, the Samaritan woman is addressing Jesus as “Sir,” which is a term of respect or politeness.
+JHN	4	15	iz1p		κύριε	1	Sir	The Samaritan woman is addressing Jesus as **Sir** as a term of respect or politeness.
 JHN	4	15	hd9f		ἀντλεῖν	1	draw water	“get water” or “pull water up from the well” using a container and rope
 JHN	4	18	zpl1		τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἴρηκας	1	What you have said is true	Jesus says these words to emphasize his words to emphasize the words “You are right in saying, ‘I have no husband’” in verse 17. He wants the woman to know that he knows she is telling the truth.
-JHN	4	19	kfs1		κύριε	1	Sir	In this context the Samaritan woman is addressesing Jesus as “sir,” which is a term of respect or politeness.
+JHN	4	19	kfs1		κύριε	1	Sir	The Samaritan woman is addressing Jesus as **Sir** as a term of respect or politeness.
 JHN	4	19	za2w		θεωρῶ ὅτι προφήτης εἶ σύ	1	I see that you are a prophet	“I can understand that you are a prophet”
 JHN	4	20	hp3m		οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν	1	Our fathers	“Our forefathers” or “Our ancestors”
 JHN	4	21	klz9		πίστευέ μοι	1	Believe me	To believe someone is to acknowledge what the person has said is true.
-JHN	4	21	nu5m		προσκυνήσετε τῷ Πατρί	1	you will worship the Father	Eternal salvation from sin comes from God the Father, who is Yahweh, the God of the Jews.
-JHN	4	21	ff27	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατρί	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	4	21	nu5m		προσκυνήσετε τῷ Πατρί	1	you will worship the Father	A time will come when everyone will worship only God the Father, who is Yahweh, the God of the Jews.
+JHN	4	21	ff27	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατρί	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	4	22	guu4		ὑμεῖς προσκυνεῖτε ὃ οὐκ οἴδατε, ἡμεῖς προσκυνοῦμεν ὃ οἴδαμεν	1	You worship what you do not know. We worship what we know	Jesus means that God revealed himself and his commands to the Jewish people, not to the Samaritans. Through the Scriptures the Jewish people know who God is better than the Samaritans.
-JHN	4	22	i2df		ὅτι ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν	1	for salvation is from the Jews	This means that God has chosen the Jews as his special people who will tell all other people about his salvation. It does not mean the Jewish people will save others from their sins. Alternate translation: “for all people will know about God’s salvation because of the Jews”
-JHN	4	22	yj1y		ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν	1	salvation is from the Jews	Eternal salvation from sin comes from God the Father, who is Yahweh, the God of the Jews.
+JHN	4	22	i2df		ὅτι ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν	1	for salvation is from the Jews	This means that God has chosen the **Jews** as his special people who will tell all other people about his **salvation**. It does not mean the Jewish people will save others from their sins. Alternate translation: “for all people will know about God’s salvation because of the Jews”
+JHN	4	22	yj1y		ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν	1	salvation is from the Jews	Eternal **salvation** from sin comes from God the Father, who is Yahweh, the God of the **Jews**.
 JHN	4	23	bs1p			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to the Samaritan woman.
-JHN	4	23	atm4		ἀλλὰ ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν, ὅτε οἱ ἀληθινοὶ προσκυνηταὶ προσκυνήσουσιν	1	However, the hour is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will	“However, it is now the right time for true worshipers to”
-JHN	4	23	k1gf	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τῷ Πατρὶ	1	the Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	4	23	atm4		ἀλλὰ ἔρχεται ὥρα καὶ νῦν ἐστιν, ὅτε οἱ ἀληθινοὶ προσκυνηταὶ προσκυνήσουσιν	1	However, the hour is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will	“However, it is now the right time for true worshipers to worship”
+JHN	4	23	k1gf	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τῷ Πατρὶ	1	the Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	4	23	fb51		ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ	1	in spirit and truth	Here, **spirit** could mean: (1) This refers to the inner person, the mind and heart, what a person thinks and what he loves, different from where he goes to worship and what ceremonies he performs. (2) This refers to the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “in the Spirit and in truth” or “with the Spirit’s help and in truth”
 JHN	4	23	utt7		ἐν…ἀληθείᾳ	1	in … truth	thinking correctly of what is true about God
-JHN	4	25	lp44		οἶδα ὅτι Μεσσίας ἔρχεται, ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός	1	I know that the Messiah … Christ	Both of these words mean “God’s promised king.”
-JHN	4	25	u8nb	figs-explicit	ἐκεῖνος, ἀναγγελεῖ ἡμῖν ἅπαντα	1	he will explain everything to us	The words **explain everything** imply all that the people need to know. Alternate translation: “he will tell us everything we need to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	4	27	vk5j		ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἦλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ	1	At that moment his disciples returned	“Just as Jesus was saying this, his disciples returned from town”
-JHN	4	27	p39j		καὶ ἐθαύμαζον ὅτι μετὰ γυναικὸς ἐλάλει	1	Now they were wondering why he was speaking with a woman	It was very unusual for a Jew to speak with a woman he did not know, especially if that woman was a Samaritan.
-JHN	4	27	cbc9		οὐδεὶς μέντοι εἶπεν, τί ζητεῖς? ἢ, τί λαλεῖς μετ’ αὐτῆς?	1	no one said, “What … want?” or “Why … her?”	This could mean: (1) The disciples asked both questions to Jesus. (2) No one asked the woman, “What … want?” or asked Jesus, “Why … her?”
+JHN	4	25	lp44		οἶδα ὅτι Μεσσίας ἔρχεται, ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός	1	I know that the Messiah … Christ	Both **Messiah** and **Christ** mean “God’s promised king.”
+JHN	4	25	u8nb	figs-explicit	ἐκεῖνος, ἀναγγελεῖ ἡμῖν ἅπαντα	1	he will explain everything to us	The words **declare everything** imply all that the people need to know. Alternate translation: “he will tell us everything we need to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	4	27	vk5j		ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἦλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ	1	At that moment his disciples returned	“just as Jesus was saying this, his disciples returned from town”
+JHN	4	27	p39j		καὶ ἐθαύμαζον ὅτι μετὰ γυναικὸς ἐλάλει	1	Now they were wondering why he was speaking with a woman	It was very unusual for a Jew to speak with a **woman** he did not know, especially if that woman was a Samaritan.
+JHN	4	27	cbc9		οὐδεὶς μέντοι εἶπεν, τί ζητεῖς? ἢ, τί λαλεῖς μετ’ αὐτῆς?	1	no one said, “What … want?” or “Why … her?”	This could mean: (1) The disciples asked both questions to Jesus. (2) No one asked the woman, “What do you want?” or asked Jesus, “Why are you speaking with her?”
 JHN	4	29	hb5h	figs-hyperbole	δεῦτε, ἴδετε ἄνθρωπον ὃς εἶπέ μοι πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησα	1	Come, see a man who told me everything that I have ever done	The Samaritan woman exaggerates to show that she is impressed by how much Jesus knows about her. Alternate translation: “Come see a man who knows very much about me, even though I have never met him before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-JHN	4	29	dl18		μήτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός	1	This could not be the Christ, could it?	The woman is not sure that Jesus is the Christ, so she asks a question that expects “no” for an answer, but she also asks a question instead of making a statement because she wants the people to decide for themselves.
+JHN	4	29	dl18		μήτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός	1	This could not be the Christ, could it?	The woman is not sure that Jesus is the **Christ**, so she asks a question that expects “no” for an answer, but she also asks a question instead of making a statement because she wants the people to decide for themselves.
 JHN	4	31	t6hy		ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ	1	In the meantime	“While the woman was going into town”
 JHN	4	31	d4fu		ἠρώτων αὐτὸν οἱ μαθηταὶ	1	the disciples were urging him	“the disciples were telling Jesus” or “the disciples were encouraging Jesus”
 JHN	4	32	j8h2		ἐγὼ βρῶσιν ἔχω φαγεῖν, ἣν ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε	1	I have food to eat that you do not know about	Here Jesus is not talking about literal **food**, but is preparing his disciples for a spiritual lesson in [John 4:34](../04/34.md).
-JHN	4	33	w451	figs-rquestion	μή τις ἤνεγκεν αὐτῷ φαγεῖν	1	No one has brought him anything to eat, have they?	The disciples think Jesus is talking about literal “food.” They begin asking each other this question, expecting a “no” response. Alternate translation: “Surely no one brought him any food while we were in town!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	4	34	tvp1	figs-metaphor	ἐμὸν βρῶμά ἐστιν ἵνα ποιήσω τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με, καὶ τελειώσω αὐτοῦ τὸ ἔργον	1	My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to complete his work	Here, **food** is a metaphor that represents “obeying God’s will.” Alternate translation: “Just as food satisfies a hungry person, obeying God’s will is what satisfies me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	4	33	w451	figs-rquestion	μή τις ἤνεγκεν αὐτῷ φαγεῖν?	1	No one has brought him anything to eat, have they?	The disciples think Jesus is literally talking about something **to eat**. They begin asking each other this question, expecting a “no” response. Alternate translation: “Surely no one brought him any food while we were in town!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	4	34	tvp1	figs-metaphor	ἐμὸν βρῶμά ἐστιν ἵνα ποιήσω τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με, καὶ τελειώσω αὐτοῦ τὸ ἔργον	1	My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to complete his work	Here, **food** is a metaphor that represents “obeying God’s **will**.” Alternate translation: “Just as food satisfies a hungry person, obeying God’s will is what satisfies me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	4	35	u5d6		οὐχ ὑμεῖς λέγετε	1	Do you not say	“Is this not one of your popular sayings”
-JHN	4	35	tyw3	figs-metaphor	ἐπάρατε τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν καὶ θεάσασθε τὰς χώρας, ὅτι λευκαί εἰσιν πρὸς θερισμόν ἤδη	1	look up and see the fields, for they are already ripe for harvest	The words **fields** and **ripe for harvest** are metaphors. The **fields** represent people. The words **ripe for harvest** mean that people are ready to receive the message of Jesus, like fields that are ready to be harvested. Alternate translation: “look up and see the the people! They are ready to believe my message, like crops in the fields that are ready for people to harvest them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	4	36	qc31	figs-metaphor	καὶ συνάγει καρπὸν εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	and gathers fruit for everlasting life	Here, **fruit for everlasting life** is a metaphor that represents people who believe Christ’s message and receive eternal life. Alternate translation: “and the people who believe the message and receive eternal life are like the fruit that a harvester gathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	4	35	tyw3	figs-metaphor	ἐπάρατε τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν καὶ θεάσασθε τὰς χώρας, ὅτι λευκαί εἰσιν πρὸς θερισμόν ἤδη	1	look up and see the fields, for they are already ripe for harvest	The words **fields** and **white for harvest** are metaphors. The **fields** represent people. The words **white for harvest** mean that people are ready to receive the message of Jesus, like fields that are ready to be harvested. Alternate translation: “look up and see the the people! They are ready to believe my message, like crops in the fields that are ready for people to harvest them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	4	36	qc31	figs-metaphor	καὶ συνάγει καρπὸν εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	and gathers fruit for everlasting life	Here, **fruit for eternal life** is a metaphor that represents people who believe Christ’s message and receive eternal life. Alternate translation: “and the people who believe the message and receive eternal life are like the fruit that a harvester gathers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	4	37	w4xn			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
-JHN	4	37	rqe7	figs-metaphor	ἄλλος ἐστὶν ὁ σπείρων, καὶ ἄλλος ὁ θερίζων	1	One sows, and another harvests	The words **sows** and **harvests** are metaphors. The one who **sows** shares the message of Jesus. The one who **harvests** helps the people to receive the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: “One person plants the seeds, and another person harvests the crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	4	37	rqe7	figs-metaphor	ἄλλος ἐστὶν ὁ σπείρων, καὶ ἄλλος ὁ θερίζων	1	One sows, and another harvests	The words **sowing** and **harvesting** are metaphors. The one who sows shares the message of Jesus. The one who *harvests* helps the people to receive the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: “One person plants the seeds, and another person harvests the crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	4	38	slw4		ὑμεῖς εἰς τὸν κόπον αὐτῶν εἰσεληλύθατε	1	you have entered into their labor	“you are now joining in their work”
-JHN	4	39	mc7p		ἐπίστευσαν εἰς αὐτὸν	1	believed in him	To **believe in** someone means to “trust in” that person. Here this also means that they believed he was the Son of God.
+JHN	4	39	mc7p		ἐπίστευσαν εἰς αὐτὸν	1	believed in him	To “believe in” someone means to “trust in” that person. Here this also means that they **believed** he was the Son of God.
 JHN	4	39	qda3	figs-hyperbole	εἶπέν μοι πάντα ἃ ἐποίησα	1	He told me everything that I have done	This is an exaggeration. The woman was impressed by how much Jesus knew about her. Alternate translation: “He told me many things about my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 JHN	4	41	qrj5	figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ	1	his word	Here, **word** is a metonym that stands for the message that Jesus proclaimed. Alternate translation: “his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	4	42	k4cz	figs-metonymy	κόσμου	1	world	The “world” is a metonym for all the believers throughout the world. Alternate translation: “all the believers in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	4	42	k4cz	figs-metonymy	κόσμου	1	world	The **world** is a metonym for all the believers throughout the world. Alternate translation: “all the believers in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	4	43	n1mk	writing-background		0	General Information:	Jesus goes down to Galilee and heals a boy. Verse 44 gives us background information about something Jesus had said previously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	4	43	gj2f		ἐκεῖθεν	1	from there	from Judea
-JHN	4	44	t1li	figs-rpronouns	αὐτὸς γὰρ Ἰησοῦς ἐμαρτύρησεν	1	For Jesus himself declared	The reflexive pronoun “himself” is added to emphasize that Jesus had “declared” or said this. You can translate this in your language in a way that will give emphasis to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
+JHN	4	44	t1li	figs-rpronouns	αὐτὸς γὰρ Ἰησοῦς ἐμαρτύρησεν	1	For Jesus himself declared	The reflexive pronoun **himself** is added to emphasize that Jesus had **testified** or said this. You can translate this in your language in a way that will give emphasis to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
 JHN	4	44	fx22		προφήτης ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ πατρίδι, τιμὴν οὐκ ἔχει	1	a prophet has no honor in his own country	“people do not show respect or honor to a prophet of their own country” or “a prophet is not respected by the people in his own community”
-JHN	4	45	v9la		ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ	1	at the festival	Here the festival is the Passover.
-JHN	4	46	ffm3		οὖν	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line and to move to a new part of the story. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you may consider using it.
+JHN	4	45	v9la		ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ	1	at the festival	Here the **festival** is the Passover.
+JHN	4	46	ffm3		οὖν	1	Now	**Then** is used here to mark a break in the main story line and to move to a new part of the story. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you may consider using it.
 JHN	4	46	bp3w		βασιλικὸς	1	royal official	someone who is in the service of the king
-JHN	4	48	u73r	figs-doublenegatives	ἐὰν μὴ σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ἴδητε, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσητε	1	Unless you see signs and wonders, you will not believe	**Unless … not believe** here is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to translate this statement in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Only if you see a miracle will you believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
+JHN	4	48	u73r	figs-doublenegatives	ἐὰν μὴ σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ἴδητε, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσητε	1	Unless you see signs and wonders, you will not believe	This statement is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to translate this statement in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Only if you see a miracle will you believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 JHN	4	50	uwa3	figs-metonymy	ἐπίστευσεν…τῷ λόγῳ	1	believed the word	Here, **word** is a metonym that refers to the message that Jesus spoke. Alternate translation: “believed the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	4	51	a5gw		ἤδη	1	While	This word is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. As the official was going home, his servants were coming to meet him on the road.
+JHN	4	51	a5gw		ἤδη	1	While	The word **while** is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. As the official was going home, his servants were coming to meet him on the road.
 JHN	4	53	jhg4		καὶ ἐπίστευσεν αὐτὸς καὶ ἡ οἰκία αὐτοῦ ὅλη	1	So he himself and his whole household believed	The reflexive pronoun **himself** is used here to emphasize the word **he**. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you may consider using it.
 JHN	4	54	k5x6		σημεῖον	1	sign	Miracles can also be called “signs” because they are used as indicators or evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
 JHN	5	intro	qe17			0		# John 5 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Healing water<br><br>Many of the Jews believed that God would heal people who got into some of the pools in Jerusalem when the waters were “stirred up.”<br><br>### Testimony<br><br>Testimony is what one person says about another person. What a person says about himself is not as important as what other people say about that person. Jesus told the Jews that God had told them who Jesus was, so he did not need to tell them who he was. This was because God had told the writers of the Old Testament what his Messiah would do, and Jesus had done everything they had written that he would do.<br><br>### The resurrection of life and the resurrection of judgment<br><br>God will make some people alive again and because he gives them his grace, they will live with him forever. But he will make some people alive again and because he will treat them justly, they will live apart from him forever.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The Son, the Son of God, and the Son of Man<br><br>Jesus refers to himself in this chapter as the “Son” ([John 5:19](../../jhn/05/19.md)), the “Son of God” ([John 5:25](../../jhn/05/25.md)), and the “Son of Man” ([John 5:27](../../jhn/05/27.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JHN	5	1	urn9	writing-background		0	General Information:	This is the next event in the story, in which Jesus goes up to Jerusalem and heals a man. These verses give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	5	1	ea65		μετὰ ταῦτα	1	After this	This refers to after Jesus healed the official’s son. See how you translated this in [John 3:22](../03/22.md).
+JHN	5	1	ea65		μετὰ ταῦτα	1	After this	**After this** refers to after Jesus healed the official’s son. See how you translated this in [John 3:22](../03/22.md).
 JHN	5	1	b1pz		ἦν ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	there was a Jewish festival	“the Jews were celebrating a festival”
-JHN	5	1	z4th		ἀνέβη…εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα	1	went up to Jerusalem	Jerusalem is located on the top of a hill. Roads to Jerusalem went up and down smaller hills. If your language has a different word for going up a hill than for walking on level ground, you may use it here.
+JHN	5	1	z4th		ἀνέβη…εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα	1	went up to Jerusalem	Jerusalem is located on the top of a hill. Roads to **Jerusalem** went **up**. If your language has a different word for going up a hill than for walking on level ground, you may use it here.
 JHN	5	2	h3w5		κολυμβήθρα	1	pool	This was a hole in the ground that people filled with water. Sometimes they lined the pools with tiles or other stonework.
 JHN	5	2	dt12	translate-names	Βηθζαθά	1	Bethesda	a place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 JHN	5	2	luz3		στοὰς	1	roofed porches	roofed structures with at least one wall missing and attached to buildings
-JHN	5	3	ytj4		πλῆθος τῶν ἀσθενούντων	1	A large number of the people who were sick	“Many people”
+JHN	5	3	ytj4		πλῆθος τῶν ἀσθενούντων	1	A large number of the people who were sick	“many people who were sick”
 JHN	5	5	r1gt	writing-participants		0	General Information:	Verse 5 introduces the man lying beside the pool to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
 JHN	5	5	bez8		ἦν…ἐκεῖ	1	was there	“was at the Bethesda pool” ([John 5:1](../05/01.md))
-JHN	5	5	z6e1	translate-numbers	τριάκοντα ὀκτὼ ἔτη	1	thirty-eight years	“38 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-JHN	5	6	c7ef		γνοὺς	1	he realized	“he understood” or “he found out”
+JHN	5	6	c7ef		γνοὺς	1	he realized	“after he understood” or “when he found out”
 JHN	5	6	w97q		λέγει αὐτῷ	1	he said to him	“Jesus said to the paralyzed man”
-JHN	5	7	aeu3		κύριε…οὐκ ἔχω	1	Sir, I do not have	Here the word **sir** is a polite form of address.
+JHN	5	7	aeu3		κύριε	1	Sir, I do not have	Here the word **Sir** is a polite form of address.
 JHN	5	7	ny5f	figs-activepassive	ὅταν ταραχθῇ τὸ ὕδωρ	1	when the water is stirred up	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “when the angel moves the water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JHN	5	7	kul6		εἰς τὴν κολυμβήθραν	1	into the pool	This was a hole in the ground that people filled with water. Sometimes they lined the pools with tiles or other stonework. See how you translated “pool” in [John 5:2](../05/02.md).
 JHN	5	7	u93g		ἄλλος πρὸ ἐμοῦ καταβαίνει	1	another steps down before me	“someone else always goes down the steps into the water before me”
 JHN	5	8	eqe4		ἔγειρε	1	Get up	“Stand up!”
-JHN	5	8	ft81		ἆρον τὸν κράβαττόν σου, καὶ περιπάτει	1	take up your bed, and walk	“Pick up your sleeping mat, and walk!”
+JHN	5	8	ft81		ἆρον τὸν κράβαττόν σου, καὶ περιπάτει	1	take up your bed, and walk	“pick up your sleeping mat, and walk!”
 JHN	5	9	z33x		ἐγένετο ὑγιὴς ὁ ἄνθρωπος	1	the man was healed	“the man became healthy again”
-JHN	5	9	i4tk	writing-background	δὲ…ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ	1	Now that day	The writer uses the word **now** to show that the words that follow are background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	5	10	ja3x		ἔλεγον οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τῷ τεθεραπευμένῳ	1	So the Jews said to him who was healed	The Jews (especially the leaders of the Jews) became angry when they saw the man carrying his mat on the Sabbath.
+JHN	5	9	i4tk	writing-background	δὲ…ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ	1	Now that day	The writer uses the word **Now** to show that the words that follow are background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+JHN	5	10	ja3x		ἔλεγον οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τῷ τεθεραπευμένῳ	1	So the Jews said to him who was healed	The **Jews** (especially the leaders of the Jews) became angry when they saw the man carrying his mat on the Sabbath.
 JHN	5	10	xd9b		Σάββατόν ἐστιν	1	It is the Sabbath	“It is God’s Day of Rest”
 JHN	5	11	en3v		ὁ ποιήσας με ὑγιῆ	1	He who made me healthy	“The man who made me well”
 JHN	5	12	r7nx		ἠρώτησαν αὐτόν	1	They asked him	“The Jewish leaders asked the man who was healed”
 JHN	5	14	h1ri		εὑρίσκει αὐτὸν ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	Jesus found him	“Jesus found the man he had healed”
-JHN	5	14	h39z		ἴδε	1	See	The word **See** is used here to draw attention to the words that follow.
-JHN	5	16	efg2	writing-background	καὶ	1	Now	The writer uses the word **now** to show that the words that follow are background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+JHN	5	14	h39z		ἴδε	1	See	**Behold** is used here to draw attention to the words that follow.
+JHN	5	16	efg2	writing-background	καὶ	1	Now	The writer uses the word **And** to show that the words that follow are background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	5	16	kup5	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews	Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche which represent the “Jewish leaders.” Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	5	17	ijd8		ἐργάζεται	1	is working	This refers to doing labor, including anything that is done to serve other people.
-JHN	5	17	lq1v	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Πατήρ μου	1	My Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	5	17	lq1v	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Πατήρ μου	1	My Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	5	18	n8bh		ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Θεῷ	1	making himself equal to God	“saying that he was like God” or “saying that he had as much authority as God”
 JHN	5	19	f2qp			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders.
 JHN	5	19	rr9q		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
 JHN	5	19	x9sl	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ἃ γὰρ ἂν ἐκεῖνος ποιῇ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς…ποιεῖ	1	whatever the Father is doing, the Son does these things also.	Jesus, as the Son of God, followed and obeyed his Father’s leadership on earth, because Jesus knew the Father loved him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	5	19	iuc7	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς…Πατέρα	1	Son … Father	These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	5	19	iuc7	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς…Πατέρα	1	Son … Father	**Son** and **Father** are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	5	20	zlr7		ὑμεῖς θαυμάζητε	1	you will be amazed	“you will be surprised” or “you will be shocked”
 JHN	5	20	t3b4	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ γὰρ Πατὴρ φιλεῖ τὸν Υἱὸν	1	For the Father loves the Son	Jesus, as the Son of God, followed and obeyed his Father’s leadership on earth, because Jesus knew the Father loved him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	5	20	x8ac		φιλεῖ	1	loves	The kind of love that comes from God is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. God himself is love and is the source of true love.
-JHN	5	21	s6te	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ…Υἱὸς	1	Father … Son	These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	5	21	s6te	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ…Υἱὸς	1	Father … Son	**Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	5	21	xzu4		ζῳοποιεῖ	1	life	This refers to “spiritual life.”
-JHN	5	22	b2l6	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ κρίνει οὐδένα, ἀλλὰ τὴν κρίσιν πᾶσαν δέδωκεν τῷ Υἱῷ	1	For the Father judges no one, but he has given all judgment to the Son	The word **for** marks a comparison. The Son of God carries out judgment for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	5	22	b2l6	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ κρίνει οὐδένα, ἀλλὰ τὴν κρίσιν πᾶσαν δέδωκεν τῷ Υἱῷ	1	For the Father judges no one, but he has given all judgment to the Son	The word **For** marks a comparison. The Son of God carries out judgment for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	5	23	p2kj	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τιμῶσι τὸν Υἱὸν, καθὼς τιμῶσι τὸν Πατέρα. ὁ μὴ τιμῶν τὸν Υἱὸν, οὐ τιμᾷ τὸν Πατέρα	1	honor the Son just as … the Father. The one who does not honor the Son does not honor the Father	God the Son must be honored and worshiped just like God the Father. If we fail to honor God the Son, then we also fail to honor God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	5	24	w6wu		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
 JHN	5	24	eg5h	figs-metonymy	ὁ τὸν λόγον μου ἀκούων	1	he who hears my word	Here, **word** is a metonym that represents the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: “anyone who hears my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -303,89 +301,88 @@ JHN	5	25	gtu6		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	Translate this the way your
 JHN	5	25	s23d	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	οἱ νεκροὶ ἀκούσουσιν τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ οἱ ἀκούσαντες ζήσουσιν	1	the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live	The voice of Jesus, the Son of God, will raise dead people from the grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	5	25	d81y	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	5	26	p6ub	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἔχει ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτῷ, οὕτως καὶ τῷ Υἱῷ ἔδωκεν ζωὴν, ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ	1	For just as the Father has life in himself, so he has also given to the Son so that he has life in himself	The word **For** marks a comparison. The Son of God has the power to give life, just as the Father does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	5	26	x136	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ…Υἱῷ	1	Father … Son	These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	5	26	f5vq		ζωὴν	1	life	This means spiritual life.
-JHN	5	27	g58f	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς Ἀνθρώπου	1	Son of Man	These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	5	26	x136	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ…Υἱῷ	1	Father … Son	**Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	5	26	f5vq		ζωὴν	1	life	This refers to spiritual life.
+JHN	5	27	g58f	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς Ἀνθρώπου	1	Son of Man	This is an important title that describe the relationship between Jesus and mankind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	5	27	pr1c		ἐξουσίαν ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ κρίσιν ποιεῖν	1	the Father has given the Son authority to carry out judgment	The Son of God has the authority of God the Father to judge.
-JHN	5	28	sr8j		μὴ θαυμάζετε τοῦτο	1	Do not be amazed at this	“This” refers to the fact that Jesus, as the Son of Man, has the power to give eternal life and to carry out judgment.
-JHN	5	28	h9l7		ἀκούσουσιν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ	1	hear his voice	“hear my voice”
-JHN	5	30	ayn1		τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με	1	the will of him who sent me	The word **him** refers to God the Father.
+JHN	5	28	sr8j		μὴ θαυμάζετε τοῦτο	1	Do not be amazed at this	The word **this** refers to the fact that Jesus, as the Son of Man, has the power to give eternal life and to carry out judgment.
+JHN	5	28	h9l7		ἀκούσουσιν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ	1	hear his voice	“will hear my voice”
+JHN	5	30	ayn1		τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με	1	the will of him who sent me	Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God the Father.
 JHN	5	32	yt31		ἄλλος ἐστὶν ὁ μαρτυρῶν περὶ ἐμοῦ	1	There is another who testifies about me	“There is someone else who tells people about me”
 JHN	5	32	nr3l		ἄλλος	1	another	This refers to God.
 JHN	5	32	uxh5		ἀληθής ἐστιν ἡ μαρτυρία ἣν μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ	1	the testimony that he gives about me is true	“what he tells people about me is true”
 JHN	5	34	rvc5		ἐγὼ…οὐ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου τὴν μαρτυρίαν λαμβάνω	1	the testimony that I receive is not from man	“I do not need people’s testimony”
 JHN	5	34	a4je	figs-activepassive	ἵνα ὑμεῖς σωθῆτε	1	that you might be saved	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “so God can save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JHN	5	35	w4w3	figs-metaphor	ἐκεῖνος ἦν ὁ λύχνος ὁ καιόμενος καὶ φαίνων; ὑμεῖς δὲ ἠθελήσατε ἀγαλλιαθῆναι πρὸς ὥραν ἐν τῷ φωτὶ αὐτοῦ	1	John was a lamp that was burning and shining, and you were willing to rejoice in his light for a while	Here, **lamp** and “light” are metaphors. John taught the people about God and this was like a lamp shining its light into the dark. Alternate translation: “John taught you about God and this was like a lamp shining its light. And for a while what John said made you happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	5	35	w4w3	figs-metaphor	ἐκεῖνος ἦν ὁ λύχνος ὁ καιόμενος καὶ φαίνων; ὑμεῖς δὲ ἠθελήσατε ἀγαλλιαθῆναι πρὸς ὥραν ἐν τῷ φωτὶ αὐτοῦ	1	John was a lamp that was burning and shining, and you were willing to rejoice in his light for a while	Here, **lamp** and **light** are metaphors. John taught the people about God and this was like a **lamp** shining its **light** into the dark. Alternate translation: “John taught you about God and this was like a lamp shining its light. And for a while what John said made you happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	5	36	rt6j		τὰ…ἔργα ἃ δέδωκέν μοι ὁ Πατὴρ, ἵνα τελειώσω αὐτά, αὐτὰ τὰ ἔργα ἃ ποιῶ, μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ, ὅτι ὁ Πατήρ με ἀπέσταλκεν	1	the works that the Father has given me to accomplish … that the Father has sent me	God the Father has sent God the Son, Jesus, to earth. Jesus completes what the Father gives him to do.
-JHN	5	36	dvr9	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	5	36	yz3u	figs-personification	αὐτὰ τὰ ἔργα ἃ ποιῶ, μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ	1	the very works that I do, testify about me	Here Jesus says that the miracles **testify** or “tell the people” about him. Alternate translation: “What I do shows the people that God has sent me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-JHN	5	37	p157	figs-rpronouns	ὁ πέμψας με Πατὴρ, ἐκεῖνος μεμαρτύρηκεν	1	The Father who sent me has himself testified	The reflexive pronoun “himself” emphasizes that it is the Father, not someone less important, who has testified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
-JHN	5	38	lxm4		τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ὑμῖν μένοντα, ὅτι ὃν ἀπέστειλεν ἐκεῖνος, τούτῳ ὑμεῖς οὐ πιστεύετε	1	You do not have his word remaining in you, for you are not believing in the one whom he has sent	“You do not believe in the one he has sent. That is how I know that you do not have his word remaining in you”
-JHN	5	38	dfn1	figs-metaphor	τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ὑμῖν μένοντα	1	You do not have his word remaining in you	Jesus speaks of people living according to God’s word as if they were houses and God’s word were a person that lived in houses. Alternate translation: “You do not live according to his word” or “You do not obey his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	5	36	dvr9	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	5	36	yz3u	figs-personification	αὐτὰ τὰ ἔργα ἃ ποιῶ, μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ	1	the very works that I do, testify about me	Here Jesus says that the miracles **testify** or “tell the people” about him. Alternate translation: “what I do shows the people that God has sent me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+JHN	5	37	p157	figs-rpronouns	ὁ πέμψας με Πατὴρ, ἐκεῖνος μεμαρτύρηκεν	1	The Father who sent me has himself testified	The reflexive pronoun **himself** emphasizes that it is the Father, not someone less important, who has testified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
+JHN	5	38	lxm4		τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ὑμῖν μένοντα, ὅτι ὃν ἀπέστειλεν ἐκεῖνος, τούτῳ ὑμεῖς οὐ πιστεύετε	1	You do not have his word remaining in you, for you are not believing in the one whom he has sent	“you do not believe in the one he has sent. That is how I know that you do not have his word remaining in you”
+JHN	5	38	dfn1	figs-metaphor	τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ὑμῖν μένοντα	1	You do not have his word remaining in you	Jesus speaks of people living according to God’s word as if they were houses and God’s word were a person that lived in houses. Alternate translation: “you do not live according to his word” or “you do not obey his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	5	38	rc2n		τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ	1	his word	“the message he spoke to you”
 JHN	5	39	xi22		ἐν αὐταῖς ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχειν	1	in them you have eternal life	“you will find eternal life if you read them” or “the scriptures will tell you how you can have eternal life”
 JHN	5	40	dzm2		οὐ θέλετε ἐλθεῖν πρός με	1	you are not willing to come to me	“you refuse to believe my message”
-JHN	5	41	c1rx		λαμβάνω	1	receive	accept
-JHN	5	42	b1j4		τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς	1	you do not have the love of God in yourselves	This could mean: (1) They really did not love God. (2) They had not really received God’s love.
-JHN	5	43	zw65	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	in my Father’s name	Here the word **name** is a metonym that symbolizes God’s power and authority. Alternate translation: “I have come with my Father’s authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	5	43	rtb9	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	5	43	ue9f		λαμβάνετέ	1	receive	welcome as a friend
+JHN	5	41	c1rx		οὐ λαμβάνω	1	receive	“I do not accept”
+JHN	5	42	b1j4		τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς	1	you do not have the love of God in yourselves	This could mean: (1) They really did not **love** **God**. (2) They had not really received God’s love.
+JHN	5	43	zw65	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	in my Father’s name	Here the word **name** is a metonym that symbolizes God’s power and authority. Alternate translation: “with my Father’s authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	5	43	rtb9	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	5	43	ue9f		οὐ λαμβάνετέ με	1	receive	you do not welcome me as a friend
 JHN	5	43	p7jg	figs-metonymy	ἐὰν ἄλλος ἔλθῃ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ ἰδίῳ	1	If another should come in his own name	The word **name** is a metonym that represents authority. Alternate translation: “If another should come in his own authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	5	44	e999	figs-rquestion	πῶς δύνασθε ὑμεῖς πιστεῦσαι, δόξαν παρὰ ἀλλήλων λαμβάνοντες, καὶ τὴν δόξαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ μόνου Θεοῦ	1	How can you believe, you who accept praise … God?	This remark appears in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “There is no way you can believe because you accept praise … God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	5	44	e999	figs-rquestion	πῶς δύνασθε ὑμεῖς πιστεῦσαι, δόξαν παρὰ ἀλλήλων λαμβάνοντες, καὶ τὴν δόξαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ μόνου Θεοῦ, οὐ ζητεῖτε?	1	How can you believe, you who accept praise … God?	This remark appears in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “There is no way you can believe because you accept praise from one another, and are not seeking the glory that is from the only God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	5	44	g7qd		πιστεῦσαι	1	believe	This means to trust in Jesus.
 JHN	5	45	kk5q	figs-metonymy	ἔστιν ὁ κατηγορῶν ὑμῶν Μωϋσῆς, εἰς ὃν ὑμεῖς ἠλπίκατε	1	The one who accuses you is Moses, in whom you have put your hope	**Moses** here is a metonym here that stands for the law itself. Alternate translation: “Moses accuses you in the Law, the very Law in which you have put your hopes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	5	45	pf98		ἠλπίκατε	1	your hope	“your confidence” or “your trust”
-JHN	5	47	b8dd	figs-rquestion	εἰ…τοῖς ἐκείνου γράμμασιν οὐ πιστεύετε, πῶς τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασιν πιστεύσετε	1	If you do not believe his writings, how are you going to believe my words?	This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. Alternate translation: “You do not believe his writings, so you will never believe my words!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	5	47	b8dd	figs-rquestion	εἰ…τοῖς ἐκείνου γράμμασιν οὐ πιστεύετε, πῶς τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασιν πιστεύσετε?	1	If you do not believe his writings, how are you going to believe my words?	This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. Alternate translation: “you do not believe his writings, so you will never believe my words!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	5	47	x7h9		τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασιν	1	my words	“what I say”
 JHN	6	intro	xe4t			0		# John 6 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### King<br><br>The king of any nation was the richest and most powerful person in that nation. The people wanted Jesus to be their king because he gave them food and so they thought he would make the Jews into the richest and most powerful nation in the world. They did not understand that Jesus came to die so God could forgive his people’s sins and that the world would persecute his people.<br><br>## Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>### Bread<br><br>Bread was the most common and important food in Jesus’ day, and so the word “bread” was their general word for “food.” It is often difficult to translate the word “bread” into the languages of people who do not eat bread because the general word for food in some languages refers to food that did not exist in Jesus’ culture. Jesus used the word “bread” to refer to himself. He wanted them to understand that they need him so they can have eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])<br><br>### Eating the flesh and drinking the blood<br><br>When Jesus said, “Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you will not have life in yourselves,” he knew that before he died he would tell his followers to do this by eating bread and drinking wine. In the event this chapter describes, he expected that his hearers would understand that he was using a metaphor but would not understand what the metaphor referred to. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Parenthetical Ideas<br><br>Several times in this passage, John explains something or gives the reader some context to better understand the story. These explanation are intended to give the reader some additional knowledge without interrupting the flow of the narrative. The information is placed inside parentheses.<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([John 6:26](../06/26.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JHN	6	1	qhj7	writing-background		0	General Information:	Jesus has traveled from Jerusalem to Galilee. A crowd has followed him up a mountainside. These verses tell the setting of this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	6	1	el4l		μετὰ ταῦτα	1	After these things	The phrase **these things** refers to the events in [John 5:1-46](../05/01.md) and introduces the event that follows.
-JHN	6	1	z345	figs-explicit	ἀπῆλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	Jesus went away	It is implied in the text that Jesus traveled by boat and took his disciples with him. Alternate translation: “Jesus traveled by boat with his disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	6	2	qxs7		ὄχλος πολύς	1	A great crowd	“A large number of people”
+JHN	6	1	z345	figs-explicit	ἀπῆλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	Jesus went away	It is implied in the text that **Jesus** traveled by boat and took his disciples with him. Alternate translation: “Jesus departed by boat with his disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	6	2	qxs7		ὄχλος πολύς	1	A great crowd	“a large number of people”
 JHN	6	2	g6zm		σημεῖα	1	signs	This refers to the miracles that are used as evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over everything.
 JHN	6	4	kct2			0	General Information:	The action in the story begins in verse 5.
 JHN	6	4	ri55	writing-background	ἦν δὲ ἐγγὺς τὸ Πάσχα, ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	Now the Passover, the Jewish festival, was near	John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about when the events happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	6	6	cj58	writing-background	τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγεν πειράζων αὐτόν; αὐτὸς γὰρ ᾔδει τί ἔμελλεν ποιεῖν	1	But Jesus said this to test Philip, for he himself knew what he was going to do	John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to explain why Jesus asked Philip where to buy bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	6	6	uk6t	figs-rpronouns	αὐτὸς γὰρ ᾔδει	1	for he himself knew	The reflexive pronoun “himself” makes it clear that the word **he** refers to Jesus. Jesus knew what he would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
+JHN	6	6	uk6t	figs-rpronouns	αὐτὸς γὰρ ᾔδει	1	for he himself knew	The reflexive pronoun **himself** makes it clear that the word **he** refers to Jesus. Jesus knew what he would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
 JHN	6	7	z3gj	translate-bmoney	διακοσίων δηναρίων ἄρτοι	1	Two hundred denarii worth of bread	The word **denarii** is the plural of “denarius.” Alternate translation: “The amount of bread that cost two hundred days’ wages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
-JHN	6	9	k3k6		πέντε ἄρτους κριθίνους	1	five bread loaves of barley	“Five loaves of barley bread.” Barley was a common grain.
-JHN	6	9	fjx1		ἄρτους	1	loaves	A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. These were probably small dense, round loaves.
-JHN	6	9	xwu8	figs-rquestion	ταῦτα τί ἐστιν εἰς τοσούτους	1	what are these among so many?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that they do not have enough food to feed everyone. Alternate translation: “these few loaves and fishes are not enough to feed so many people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	6	9	k3k6		πέντε ἄρτους κριθίνους	1	five bread loaves of barley	“five loaves of barley bread.” Barley was a common grain.
+JHN	6	9	fjx1		ἄρτους	1	loaves	A loaf of **bread** is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. These were probably small dense, round **loaves**.
+JHN	6	9	xwu8	figs-rquestion	ταῦτα τί ἐστιν εἰς τοσούτους?	1	what are these among so many?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that they do not have enough food to feed everyone. Alternate translation: “these few loaves and fishes are not enough to feed so many people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	6	10	n9ft		ἀναπεσεῖν	1	sit down	“lie down”
 JHN	6	10	pf33	writing-background	ἦν δὲ χόρτος πολὺς ἐν τῷ τόπῳ	1	Now there was a lot of grass in the place	John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about the place where this event happens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	6	10	iz32		ἀνέπεσαν οὖν οἱ ἄνδρες, τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὡς πεντακισχίλιοι	1	So the men sat down, about five thousand in number	While the crowd probably included women and children ([John 6:4-5](./04.md)), here John is counting only the men.
 JHN	6	11	mnw3		εὐχαριστήσας	1	giving thanks	Jesus prayed to God the Father and thanked him for the fish and the loaves.
-JHN	6	11	wi9d	figs-synecdoche	διέδωκεν	1	he gave it	**he** here represents “Jesus and his disciples.” Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples gave it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+JHN	6	11	wi9d	figs-synecdoche	διέδωκεν	1	he gave it	Here, **he** represents “Jesus and his disciples.” Alternate translation: “Jesus and his disciples gave it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	6	13	y3zz			0	General Information:	Jesus withdraws from the crowd. This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus feeding the crowd on the mountain.
-JHN	6	13	hqx9		συνήγαγον	1	they gathered	“the disciples gathered”
+JHN	6	13	hqx9		συνήγαγον	1	they gathered	“the disciples gathered up”
 JHN	6	13	h64z		ἃ ἐπερίσσευσαν	1	left over	the food that no one had eaten
-JHN	6	14	nlw1		ὃ…σημεῖον	1	this sign	Jesus feeding the 5,000 people with five barley loaves and two fish
-JHN	6	14	g8zb		ὁ προφήτης	1	the prophet	the special prophet who Moses said would come into the world
+JHN	6	14	nlw1		ὃ…σημεῖον	1	this sign	The **sign** was Jesus feeding the 5,000 people with only five barley loaves and two fish.
+JHN	6	14	g8zb		ὁ προφήτης	1	the prophet	the special **prophet** who Moses said would come into the world
 JHN	6	16	qb23			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the next event in the story. Jesus’ disciples go out onto the lake in a boat.
 JHN	6	17	fkj2	writing-background	σκοτία ἤδη ἐγεγόνει, καὶ οὔπω ἐληλύθει πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	It was dark by this time, and Jesus had not yet come to them	Use your language’s way of showing that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	6	19	xx7d		ἐληλακότες	1	they had rowed	Boats usually had two, four, or six people rowing with rowers on each side working together. Your culture may have different ways of making a boat go across a large body of water.
 JHN	6	19	sgf4	translate-bdistance	ὡς σταδίους εἴκοσι πέντε ἢ τριάκοντα	1	about twenty-five or thirty stadia	A “stadium” is 185 meters. Alternate translation: “about five or six kilometers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
 JHN	6	20	d6wv		μὴ φοβεῖσθε	1	Do not be afraid	“Stop being afraid!”
-JHN	6	21	qtw5	figs-explicit	ἤθελον…λαβεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ πλοῖον	1	they were willing to receive him into the boat	It is implied that Jesus gets into the boat. Alternate translation: “they gladly received him into the boat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	6	21	qtw5	figs-explicit	ἤθελον…λαβεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ πλοῖον	1	they were willing to receive him into the boat	It is implied that Jesus gets **into the boat**. Alternate translation: “they gladly received him into the boat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	6	22	yy7c		τῆς θαλάσσης	1	the sea	“the Sea of Galilee”
 JHN	6	23	z5b4	writing-background	ἄλλα ἦλθεν πλοῖα ἐκ Τιβεριάδος, ἐγγὺς τοῦ τόπου ὅπου ἔφαγον τὸν ἄρτον, εὐχαριστήσαντος τοῦ Κυρίου	1	However, there were … the Lord had given thanks	Use your language’s way of showing that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	6	23	w7qu	writing-background	ἦλθεν πλοῖα ἐκ Τιβεριάδος	1	boats that came from Tiberias	Here, John provides more background information. The next day, after Jesus fed the people, some boats with people from Tiberius came to see Jesus. However, Jesus and his disciples had left the night before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+JHN	6	23	w7qu	writing-background	ἦλθεν πλοῖα ἐκ Τιβεριάδος	1	boats that came from Tiberias	Here, John provides more background information. The next day, after Jesus fed the people, some **boats** with people from **Tiberius** came to see Jesus. However, Jesus and his disciples had left the night before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	6	24	cql6			0	General Information:	The people go to Capernaum to find Jesus. When they see him, they start asking him questions.
 JHN	6	26	f8j4		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
 JHN	6	27	czb3		ζωὴν αἰώνιον, ἣν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου ὑμῖν δώσει; τοῦτον γὰρ ὁ Πατὴρ ἐσφράγισεν ὁ Θεός	1	eternal life which the Son of Man will give you, for God the Father has set his seal on him	God the Father has given his approval to Jesus, the Son of Man, to give eternal life to those who believe in him.
-JHN	6	27	b94w	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…ὁ Πατὴρ…ὁ Θεός	1	Son of Man … God the Father	These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	6	27	gf9q	figs-metaphor	τοῦτον…ἐσφράγισεν	1	has set his seal on him	To “set a seal” on something means to place a mark on it to show to whom it belongs. This means that the Son belongs to the Father and that the Father approves of him in every way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	6	27	b94w	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου…ὁ Πατὴρ…ὁ Θεός	1	Son of Man … God the Father	** Son of Man** and **God the Father** are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	6	27	gf9q	figs-metaphor	τοῦτον…ἐσφράγισεν	1	has set his seal on him	To “set a **seal**” on something means to place a mark on it to show to whom it belongs. This means that the Son belongs to the Father and that the Father approves of him in every way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	6	31	gye7		οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν	1	Our fathers	“Our forefathers” or “Our ancestors”
 JHN	6	31	jz9p		τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	heaven	This refers to the place where God lives.
 JHN	6	32	e6s1		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
-JHN	6	32	ega4	figs-metaphor	ὁ Πατήρ μου δίδωσιν ὑμῖν τὸν ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὸν ἀληθινόν	1	it is my Father who is giving you the true bread from heaven	The **true bread** is a metaphor for Jesus. Alternate translation: “The Father gives to you the Son as the true bread from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	6	32	c73l	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Πατήρ μου	1	my Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	6	33	rrf5		ζωὴν διδοὺς τῷ κόσμῳ	1	gives life to the world	“gives spiritual life to the world”
+JHN	6	32	ega4	figs-metaphor	ὁ Πατήρ μου δίδωσιν ὑμῖν τὸν ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὸν ἀληθινόν	1	it is my Father who is giving you the true bread from heaven	The **true bread** is a metaphor for Jesus. Alternate translation: “the Father gives to you the Son as the true bread from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	6	32	c73l	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Πατήρ μου	1	my Father	**Father** an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	6	33	rrf5		ζωὴν διδοὺς τῷ κόσμῳ	1	gives life to the world	“giving spiritual life to the world”
 JHN	6	33	k897	figs-metonymy	τῷ κόσμῳ	1	the world	Here the **world** is a metonym for all of the people in the world who trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	6	35	cr2m	figs-metaphor	ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς	1	I am the bread of life	Through metaphor, Jesus compares himself with bread. Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. Alternate translation: “Just as food keeps you alive physically, I can give you spiritual life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	6	35	cr2m	figs-metaphor	ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς	1	I am the bread of life	Through metaphor, Jesus compares himself with **bread**. Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. Alternate translation: “Just as food keeps you alive physically, I can give you spiritual life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	6	35	w1sp		ὁ πιστεύων εἰς	1	believes in	This means to believe that Jesus is the Son of God, to trust him as Savior, and to live in a way that honors him.
 JHN	6	37	n6bk	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	πᾶν ὃ δίδωσίν μοι ὁ Πατὴρ, πρὸς ἐμὲ ἥξει	1	Everyone whom the Father gives me will come to me	God the Father and God the Son will save forever those who believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	6	37	vpz8	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	6	37	vpz8	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	6	37	i92s	figs-litotes	τὸν ἐρχόμενον πρός ἐμὲ, οὐ μὴ ἐκβάλω ἔξω	1	he who comes to me I will certainly not throw out	This sentence states the opposite of what it means for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I will keep everyone who comes to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 JHN	6	38	z84i			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to the crowd.
 JHN	6	38	cpi9		τοῦ πέμψαντός με	1	him who sent me	“my Father, who sent me”
@@ -393,20 +390,19 @@ JHN	6	39	x5c1	figs-litotes	πᾶν ὃ…μὴ ἀπολέσω ἐξ αὐτο
 JHN	6	39	j7q6	figs-idiom	ἀναστήσω αὐτὸ	1	will raise them up	Here to **raise** up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “will cause them to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JHN	6	41	t91b			0	Connecting Statement:	The Jewish leaders interrupt Jesus as he is speaking to the crowd.
 JHN	6	41	jl8l		ἐγόγγυζον	1	grumbled	talked unhappily
-JHN	6	41	wwa5	figs-metaphor	ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος	1	I am the bread	Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. See how you translated this in [John 6:35](../06/35.md). Alternate translation: “I am the one who is like true bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	6	42	bm3w	figs-rquestion	οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς ὁ υἱὸς Ἰωσήφ, οὗ ἡμεῖς οἴδαμεν τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα	1	Is not this Jesus … whose father and mother we know?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders believe that Jesus is no one special. Alternate translation: “This is just Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	6	42	i81r	figs-rquestion	πῶς νῦν λέγει, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβέβηκα	1	How then does he now say, ‘I have come down from heaven’?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus came from heaven. Alternate translation: “He is lying when he says that he came from heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	6	41	wwa5	figs-metaphor	ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος	1	I am the bread	Just as **bread** is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. See how you translated this in [John 6:35](../06/35.md). Alternate translation: “I am the one who is like true bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	6	42	bm3w	figs-rquestion	οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν Ἰησοῦς ὁ υἱὸς Ἰωσήφ, οὗ ἡμεῖς οἴδαμεν τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα?	1	Is not this Jesus … whose father and mother we know?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders believe that Jesus is no one special. Alternate translation: “This is just Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	6	42	i81r	figs-rquestion	πῶς νῦν λέγει, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβέβηκα?	1	How then does he now say, ‘I have come down from heaven’?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus came from heaven. Alternate translation: “He is lying when he says that he came from heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	6	43	pk4s			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to the crowd and now also to the Jewish leaders.
 JHN	6	44	s6b5	figs-idiom	ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν	1	raise him up	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JHN	6	44	rr2m		ἑλκύσῃ	1	draws	“pulls” or “attracts”
-JHN	6	44	jb73	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	6	44	jb73	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	6	45	j1af	figs-activepassive	ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις	1	It is written in the prophets	This is a passive statement that can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: “The prophets wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JHN	6	45	rk3b		πᾶς ὁ ἀκούσας παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ μαθὼν, ἔρχεται πρὸς ἐμέ	1	Everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me	The Jews thought Jesus was the “son of Joseph” ([John 6:42](../06/42.md)), but he is the Son of God because his Father is God, not Joseph. Those who truly learn from God the Father believe in Jesus, who is God the Son.
 JHN	6	46	lcz8			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus now continues speaking to the crowd and the Jewish leaders.
-JHN	6	46	i9mp	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατέρα	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	6	46	i9mp	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατέρα	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	6	47	de5y		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
-JHN	6	47	t8lk		ὁ πιστεύων ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	he who believes has eternal life	God gives “eternal life” to those who trust in Jesus, the Son of God.
-JHN	6	48	iih2	figs-metaphor	ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς	1	I am the bread of life	Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. See how you translated this in [John 6:35](../06/35.md). Alternate translation: “Just like food that keeps you alive physically, I can give you spiritual life that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	6	47	t8lk		ὁ πιστεύων ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	he who believes has eternal life	God gives **eternal life** to those who trust in Jesus, the Son of God.
+JHN	6	48	iih2	figs-metaphor	ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς	1	I am the bread of life	Just as **bread** is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. See how you translated this in [John 6:35](../06/35.md). Alternate translation: “Just like food that keeps you alive physically, I can give you spiritual life that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	6	49	uh76		οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν	1	Your fathers	“Your forefathers” or “Your ancestors”
 JHN	6	49	mr3u		ἀπέθανον	1	died	This refers to physical death.
 JHN	6	50	sa53	figs-metaphor	οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος	1	This is the bread	Here, **bread** is a metaphor that points to Jesus who is the one who gives spiritual life just as bread sustains physical life. Alternate translation: “I am like the true bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -414,80 +410,79 @@ JHN	6	50	v212		μὴ ἀποθάνῃ	1	not die	“live forever.” Here the wor
 JHN	6	51	px99		ἄρτος ὁ ζῶν	1	living bread	This means “the bread that causes people to live” ([John 6:35](../06/35.md)).
 JHN	6	51	nb41	figs-metonymy	ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζωῆς	1	for the life of the world	Here, **the world** is a metonym that represents the lives of all the people in the world. Alternate translation: “that will give life to all the people in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	6	52	v6g7			0	Connecting Statement:	Some Jews who are present begin to argue among themselves and Jesus responds to their question.
-JHN	6	52	fj5p	figs-rquestion	πῶς δύναται οὗτος ἡμῖν δοῦναι τὴν σάρκα φαγεῖν	1	How can this man give us his flesh to eat?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders are reacting negatively to what Jesus has said about “his flesh.” Alternate translation: “There is no way that this man can give us his flesh to eat!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	6	52	fj5p	figs-rquestion	πῶς δύναται οὗτος ἡμῖν δοῦναι τὴν σάρκα φαγεῖν?	1	How can this man give us his flesh to eat?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders are reacting negatively to what Jesus has said about **his flesh**. Alternate translation: “There is no way that this man can give us his flesh to eat!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	6	53	q8jl		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
 JHN	6	53	r7hh	figs-metaphor	φάγητε τὴν σάρκα τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, καὶ πίητε αὐτοῦ τὸ αἷμα	1	eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood	Here the phrases **eat the flesh** and **drink his blood** are a metaphor that shows how trusting in Jesus, the Son of Man, is like receiving spiritual food and drink. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	6	53	j1ga		οὐκ ἔχετε ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς	1	you will not have life in yourselves	“you will not receive eternal life”
 JHN	6	54	t3xn			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him.
-JHN	6	54	hc5d	figs-metaphor	ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα, καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα, ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has everlasting life	The phrases “eats my flesh” and “drinks my blood” are a metaphor for trusting Jesus. Just as people need food and drink in order to live, people need to trust Jesus in order to have eternal life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	6	54	ym6w	figs-idiom	ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν	1	raise him up	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “cause him to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+JHN	6	54	hc5d	figs-metaphor	ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα, καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα, ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has everlasting life	The phrases “eating my flesh” and “drinking my blood” are a metaphor for trusting Jesus. Just as people need food and drink in order to live, people need to trust Jesus in order to have eternal life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	6	54	ym6w	figs-idiom	ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν	1	raise him up	Here to **raise him up** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “will cause him to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JHN	6	54	qia5		τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ	1	at the last day	“on the day when God judges everyone”
-JHN	6	55	cik2	figs-metaphor	ἡ…σάρξ μου ἀληθής ἐστι βρῶσις, καὶ τὸ αἷμά μου ἀληθής ἐστι πόσις	1	my flesh is true food … my blood is true drink	The phrases “true food” and “true drink” are a metaphor that means Jesus gives life to those who trust in him. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	6	55	cik2	figs-metaphor	ἡ…σάρξ μου ἀληθής ἐστι βρῶσις, καὶ τὸ αἷμά μου ἀληθής ἐστι πόσις	1	my flesh is true food … my blood is true drink	The phrases **true food** and **true drink** are metaphors that means Jesus gives life to those who trust in him. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of these metaphors more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	6	56	u3w4		ἐν ἐμοὶ μένει, κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ	1	remains in me, and I in him	“has a close relationship with me”
-JHN	6	57	dba2		καὶ ὁ τρώγων με	1	so he who eats me	The phrase **eats me** is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
-JHN	6	57	nfz4		ζῶν Πατὴρ	1	living Father	This could mean: (1) This refers to the Father who gives life. (2) This refers to the Father who is alive.
-JHN	6	57	m1l5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	6	57	dba2		καὶ ὁ τρώγων με	1	so he who eats me	The phrase **eating me** is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
+JHN	6	57	nfz4		ζῶν Πατὴρ	1	living Father	This could mean: (1) This refers to the **Father** who gives life. (2) This refers to the Father who is alive.
+JHN	6	57	m1l5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	6	58	m2nz		οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς	1	This is the bread that has come down from heaven	Jesus was speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I am the bread that has come down from heaven” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person)
-JHN	6	58	kv16	figs-metaphor	οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς	1	This is the bread that has come down from heaven	The bread is a metaphor for what gives life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	6	58	j2hx		ὁ τρώγων τοῦτον τὸν ἄρτον	1	He who eats this bread	Jesus spoke about himself as “this bread.” Alternate translation: “He who eats me, the bread” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person)
-JHN	6	58	jv4c		ὁ τρώγων τοῦτον τὸν ἄρτον	1	He who eats this bread	Here, **eats this bread** is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
+JHN	6	58	kv16	figs-metaphor	οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς	1	This is the bread that has come down from heaven	Here, **bread** is a metaphor for what gives life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	6	58	j2hx		ὁ τρώγων τοῦτον τὸν ἄρτον	1	He who eats this bread	Jesus spoke about himself as **this bread**. Alternate translation: “He who eats me, the bread” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person)
+JHN	6	58	jv4c		ὁ τρώγων τοῦτον τὸν ἄρτον	1	He who eats this bread	Here, **eating this bread** is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
 JHN	6	58	i9ih		οἱ πατέρες	1	the fathers	“the forefathers” or “the ancestors”
 JHN	6	59	ph39	writing-background	ταῦτα εἶπεν ἐν συναγωγῇ, διδάσκων ἐν Καφαρναούμ	1	Jesus said these things in the synagogue … in Capernaum	Here John gives background information about when this event happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	6	60	t1me			0	Connecting Statement:	Some of the disciples ask a question and Jesus responds, as he continues speaking to the crowd.
-JHN	6	60	cp3k	figs-rquestion	τίς δύναται αὐτοῦ ἀκούειν	1	who can accept it?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples have difficulty understanding what Jesus has said. Alternate translation: “no one can accept it!” or “it is too hard to understand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	6	61	rn8i		τοῦτο ὑμᾶς σκανδαλίζει	1	Does this offend you?	“Does this shock you?” or “Does this upset you?”
-JHN	6	62	r33r	figs-rquestion	ἐὰν οὖν θεωρῆτε τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, ἀναβαίνοντα ὅπου ἦν τὸ πρότερον	1	Then what if you should see the Son of Man going up to where he was before?	Jesus offers this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that his disciples will see other things that are also hard to understand. Alternate translation: “Then you will not know what to think when you see me, the Son of Man, going up into heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	6	60	cp3k	figs-rquestion	τίς δύναται αὐτοῦ ἀκούειν?	1	who can accept it?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples have difficulty understanding what Jesus has said. Alternate translation: “no one can accept it!” or “it is too hard to understand!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	6	61	rn8i		τοῦτο ὑμᾶς σκανδαλίζει?	1	Does this offend you?	“Does this shock you?” or “Does this upset you?”
+JHN	6	62	r33r	figs-rquestion	ἐὰν οὖν θεωρῆτε τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου, ἀναβαίνοντα ὅπου ἦν τὸ πρότερον?	1	Then what if you should see the Son of Man going up to where he was before?	Jesus offers this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that his disciples will see other things that are also hard to understand. Alternate translation: “Then you will not know what to think when you see me, the Son of Man, going up into heaven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	6	63	y558		ὠφελεῖ	1	profits	The word **profit** means to cause good things to happen.
-JHN	6	63	fy9p	figs-metonymy	ῥήματα	1	words	This could mean: (1) This refers to Jesus’ words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md). (2) This refers to everything Jesus teaches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	6	63	fy9p	figs-metonymy	ῥήματα	1	words	This could mean: (1) This refers to Jesus’ **words** in [John 6:32-58](./32.md). (2) This refers to everything Jesus teaches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	6	63	plw8		τὰ ῥήματα ἃ ἐγὼ λελάληκα ὑμῖν	1	The words that I have spoken to you	“What I have told you”
-JHN	6	63	gb29		πνεῦμά ἐστιν καὶ ζωή ἐστιν	1	are spirit, and they are life	This could mean: (1) These things are about the Spirit and eternal life. (2) These things are from the Spirit and give eternal life.or (3) These things are about spiritual things and life.
+JHN	6	63	gb29		πνεῦμά ἐστιν καὶ ζωή ἐστιν	1	are spirit, and they are life	This could mean: (1) These things are about the Spirit and eternal life. (2) These things are from the Spirit and give eternal life. (3) These things are about spiritual things and life.
 JHN	6	64	k7ir			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd.
 JHN	6	64	ey1e	writing-background	ᾔδει γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ μὴ πιστεύοντες, καὶ τίς ἐστιν ὁ παραδώσων αὐτόν	1	For Jesus knew from the beginning who were the ones … who it was who would betray him	Here John gives background information about what Jesus knew would happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	6	65	c3cl		οὐδεὶς δύναται ἐλθεῖν πρός με, ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός	1	no one can come to me unless it is granted to him by the Father	Whoever wants to believe must come to God through the Son. Only God the Father allows people to come to Jesus.
-JHN	6	65	g4za	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατρός	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	6	65	f7l1		ἐλθεῖν πρός με	1	come to me	“follow me and receive eternal life”
-JHN	6	66	h8j9	figs-metaphor	οὐκέτι μετ’ αὐτοῦ περιεπάτουν	1	no longer walked with him	Jesus went from one place to another by walking, so it is literally true that they did not walk where and when he walked, but the reader should also be able to understand that this metaphor indicates that they no longer wanted to hear what he had to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	6	65	g4za	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατρός	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	6	65	f7l1		ἐλθεῖν πρός με	1	come to me	“to follow me and receive eternal life”
+JHN	6	66	h8j9	figs-metaphor	οὐκέτι μετ’ αὐτοῦ περιεπάτουν	1	no longer walked with him	Jesus went from one place to another by **walking**, so it is literally true that they did not walk where and when he walked, but the reader should also be able to understand that this metaphor indicates that they no longer wanted to hear what he had to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	6	66	v7gq		τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ	1	his disciples	Here, **his disciples** refers to the general group of people who followed Jesus.
 JHN	6	67	bg2f	figs-ellipsis	τοῖς δώδεκα	1	the twelve	This is an ellipsis for “the twelve disciples,” a specific group of twelve men who followed Jesus for his entire ministry. Alternate translation: “the twelve disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-JHN	6	68	g9l4	figs-rquestion	Κύριε, πρὸς τίνα ἀπελευσόμεθα	1	Lord, to whom shall we go?	Simon Peter gives this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that he desires to follow only Jesus. Alternate translation: “Lord, we could never follow anyone but you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	6	70	z9yc	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 71 is not part of the main story line as John comments on what Jesus said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	6	70	m9ys	figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἐγὼ ὑμᾶς τοὺς δώδεκα ἐξελεξάμην, καὶ ἐξ ὑμῶν εἷς διάβολός ἐστιν	1	Did not I choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil?	Jesus gives this remark in the form of a question to draw attention to the fact that one of the disciples will betray him. Alternate translation: “I chose you all myself, yet one of you is a servant of Satan!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	6	68	g9l4	figs-rquestion	Κύριε, πρὸς τίνα ἀπελευσόμεθα?	1	Lord, to whom shall we go?	Simon Peter gives this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that he desires to follow only Jesus. Alternate translation: “Lord, we could never follow anyone but you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	6	70	m9ys	figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἐγὼ ὑμᾶς τοὺς δώδεκα ἐξελεξάμην, καὶ ἐξ ὑμῶν εἷς διάβολός ἐστιν?	1	Did not I choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil?	Jesus gives this remark in the form of a question to draw attention to the fact that one of the disciples will betray him. Alternate translation: “I chose you all myself, yet one of you is a servant of Satan!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	6	71	z9yc	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 71 is not part of the main story line as John comments on what Jesus said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	7	intro	l712			0		# John 7 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This whole chapter concerns the concept of believing Jesus to be the Messiah. Some people believed this to be true while others rejected it. Some were willing to recognize his power and even the possibility that he was a prophet, but most were unwilling to believe that he was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Translators may wish to include a note at verse 53 to explain to the reader why they have chosen or chosen not to translate verses 7:53-8:11.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “My time has not yet come”<br><br>This phrase and “his hour had not yet come” are used in this chapter to indicate that Jesus is in control of the events unfolding in his life.<br><br>### “Living water”<br><br>This is an important image used in the New Testament. It is a metaphor. Because this metaphor is given in a desert environment, it probably emphasizes that Jesus is able to give life sustaining nourishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Prophecy<br><br>Jesus gives a prophecy about his life without an explicit statement in John [John 7:33-34](./33.md).<br><br>### Irony<br><br>Nicodemus explains to the other Pharisees that the Law requires him to hear directly from a person before making a judgment about them. The Pharisees in turn made a judgment about Jesus without speaking to Jesus.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Did not believe in him”<br><br>Jesus’ brothers did not believe Jesus was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>### “The Jews”<br><br>This term is used in two different ways in this passage. It is used specifically in reference to the opposition of the Jewish leaders who were trying to kill him ([John 7:1](../../jhn/07/01.md)). It is also used in reference to the people of Judea in general who had a positive opinion of Jesus ([John 7:13](../../jhn/07/13.md)). The translator may wish to use the terms “Jewish leaders” and “Jewish people” or “Jews (leaders)” and “Jews (in general).”
 JHN	7	1	gg4v	writing-background		0	General Information:	Jesus is in Galilee speaking to his brothers. These verses tell about when this event occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	7	1	b99m		μετὰ ταῦτα	1	After these things	These words tell the reader that the writer will begin talking about a new event. “After he finished speaking with the disciples” ([John 6:66-71](../06/66.md)) or “Some time later”
+JHN	7	1	b99m		μετὰ ταῦτα	1	After these things	The words **after these things** tell the reader that the writer will begin talking about a new event. “After he finished speaking with the disciples” ([John 6:66-71](../06/66.md)) or “Some time later”
 JHN	7	1	k5yv		περιεπάτει	1	traveled	The reader should understand that Jesus probably walked rather than riding an animal or in a vehicle.
 JHN	7	1	r94g	figs-synecdoche	ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἀποκτεῖναι	1	the Jews were seeking to kill him	Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche for “the Jewish leaders.” Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders were making plans to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	7	2	m4ch		ἦν δὲ ἐγγὺς ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἡ σκηνοπηγία	1	Now the Jewish Festival of Shelters was near	“Now the time for the festival of the Jews was near” or “Now it was almost time for the Jewish festival of Shelters”
-JHN	7	3	x8ce		οἱ ἀδελφοὶ	1	brothers	This refers to the actual younger brothers of Jesus, the sons of Mary and Joseph.
+JHN	7	3	x8ce		οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ	1	brothers	This refers to the actual younger brothers of Jesus, the sons of Mary and Joseph.
 JHN	7	3	id2z		σοῦ τὰ ἔργα ἃ ποιεῖς	1	the works that you do	The word **works** refers to the miracles that Jesus had performed.
-JHN	7	4	by1h	figs-rpronouns	ζητεῖ αὐτὸς	1	he himself wants	The word **himself** is a reflexive pronoun that emphasizes the word **he**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
+JHN	7	4	by1h	figs-rpronouns	ζητεῖ αὐτὸς	1	he himself wants	The word **himself** is a reflexive pronoun that emphasizes that he wants to promote himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
 JHN	7	4	f33j	figs-metonymy	τῷ κόσμῳ	1	the world	Here, **the world** is a metonym for all of the people in the world. Alternate translation: “all people” or “everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	7	5	mz2b	writing-background	οὐδὲ γὰρ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐπίστευον εἰς αὐτὸν	1	For even his brothers did not believe in him	This sentence is a break from the main story line as John tells us some background information about the brothers of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	7	5	bs7f		οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ	1	his brothers	“his younger brothers”
 JHN	7	6	n5bj	figs-metonymy	ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ἐμὸς οὔπω πάρεστιν	1	My time has not yet come	The word **time** is a metonym. Jesus is implying that it is not the right time for him to bring his ministry to a close. Alternate translation: “It is not the right time for me to end my work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	7	6	shs9		ὁ…καιρὸς ὁ ὑμέτερος πάντοτέ ἐστιν ἕτοιμος	1	your time is always ready	“any time is good for you”
+JHN	7	6	shs9		ὁ…καιρὸς ὁ ὑμέτερος πάντοτέ ἐστιν ἕτοιμος	4	your time is always ready	“any time is good for you”
 JHN	7	7	h7kv	figs-metonymy	οὐ δύναται ὁ κόσμος μισεῖν ὑμᾶς	1	The world cannot hate you	Here the **world** is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “All the people in the world cannot hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	7	7	e5hq		ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ πονηρά ἐστιν	1	I testify about it that its works are evil	“I tell them that what they are doing is evil”
 JHN	7	8	pt7f			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to his brothers.
 JHN	7	8	evk6	figs-explicit	ὁ ἐμὸς καιρὸς οὔπω πεπλήρωται	1	my time has not yet been fulfilled	Here Jesus is implying that if he goes to Jerusalem, he will bring his work to an end. Alternate translation: “It is not the right time for me to go to Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	7	10	xw52			0	General Information:	The setting of the story has changed, Jesus and his brothers are now at the festival.
-JHN	7	10	jz6l		ὡς…ἀνέβησαν οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν	1	when his brothers had gone up to the festival	These “brothers” were the younger brothers of Jesus.
+JHN	7	10	jz6l		οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ	1	when his brothers had gone up to the festival	These **brothers** were the younger brothers of Jesus.
 JHN	7	10	z4ym		καὶ αὐτὸς ἀνέβη	1	he also went up	Jerusalem is at a higher elevation than Galilee where Jesus and his brothers were previously.
 JHN	7	10	rw5v	figs-doublet	οὐ φανερῶς, ἀλλὰ ὡς ἐν κρυπτῷ	1	not publicly but in secret	These two phrases mean the same thing. The idea is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: “very secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 JHN	7	11	i6cl	figs-synecdoche	οἱ…Ἰουδαῖοι ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν	1	The Jews were looking for him	Here the word **Jews**is a synecdoche for “the Jewish leaders.” The word **him** refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “The Jewish leaders were looking for Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	7	12	c27a	figs-metaphor	πλανᾷ τὸν ὄχλον	1	he leads the crowds astray	Here, **leads … astray** is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe something that is not true. Alternate translation: “he deceives the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	7	13	x3xa		τὸν φόβον	1	fear	This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others.
 JHN	7	13	n8bb	figs-synecdoche	τῶν Ἰουδαίων	1	the Jews	The word **Jews** is a synecdoche for the leaders of the Jews who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	7	14	yut8			0	General Information:	Jesus is now teaching the Jews in the temple.
-JHN	7	15	e7ve	figs-rquestion	πῶς οὗτος γράμματα οἶδεν	1	How does this man know so much?	The remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize the Jewish leaders’ surprise that Jesus has so much knowledge. Alternate translation: “He cannot possibly know so much about the scriptures!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	15	e7ve	figs-rquestion	πῶς οὗτος γράμματα οἶδεν, μὴ μεμαθηκώς?	1	How does this man know so much?	The remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize the Jewish leaders’ surprise that Jesus has so much knowledge. Alternate translation: “He cannot possibly know so much about the scriptures!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	7	16	h7mr		ἀλλὰ τοῦ πέμψαντός με	1	but is of him who sent me	“but comes from God, the one who sent me”
 JHN	7	17	srx3			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to the Jews.
-JHN	7	18	xf9j		ὁ…δὲ ζητῶν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ πέμψαντος αὐτὸν, οὗτος ἀληθής ἐστιν, καὶ ἀδικία ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν	1	but whoever seeks the glory of him who sent him, that person is true, and there is no unrighteousness in him	“when a person only seeks to honor the one who sent him, that person is speaking the truth. He does not lie”
+JHN	7	18	xf9j		ὁ δὲ ζητῶν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ πέμψαντος αὐτὸν, οὗτος ἀληθής ἐστιν, καὶ ἀδικία ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν	1	but whoever seeks the glory of him who sent him, that person is true, and there is no unrighteousness in him	“but when a person only seeks to honor the one who sent him, that person is speaking the truth. He does not lie”
 JHN	7	19	pib5			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to the Jews.
-JHN	7	19	c7xq	figs-rquestion	οὐ Μωϋσῆς δέδωκεν ὑμῖν τὸν νόμον	1	Did not Moses give you the law?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “It was Moses who gave you the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	19	c7xq	figs-rquestion	οὐ Μωϋσῆς δέδωκεν ὑμῖν τὸν νόμον, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐξ ὑμῶν ποιεῖ τὸν νόμον?	1	Did not Moses give you the law?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “It was Moses who gave you the law, but none of you obeys the law!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	7	19	iwv8		ποιεῖ τὸν νόμον	1	keeps the law	“obeys the law”
-JHN	7	19	bfd2	figs-rquestion	τί με ζητεῖτε ἀποκτεῖναι	1	Why do you seek to kill me?	Jesus questions the motives of the Jewish leaders who want to kill him for breaking the law of Moses. He implies that the leaders themselves do not keep that same Law. Alternate translation: “You break the Law yourselves and yet you want to kill me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	7	20	r9wi	figs-rquestion	τίς σε ζητεῖ ἀποκτεῖναι	1	Who seeks to kill you?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “No one is trying to kill you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	19	bfd2	figs-rquestion	τί με ζητεῖτε ἀποκτεῖναι?	1	Why do you seek to kill me?	Jesus questions the motives of the Jewish leaders who want to **kill** him for breaking the law of Moses. He implies that the leaders themselves do not keep that same Law. Alternate translation: “You break the Law yourselves and yet you want to kill me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	20	r9wi	figs-rquestion	τίς σε ζητεῖ ἀποκτεῖναι?	1	Who seeks to kill you?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “No one is trying to kill you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	7	20	l1rq		δαιμόνιον ἔχεις	1	You have a demon	“This shows that you are crazy, or maybe a demon is controlling you!”
 JHN	7	21	b63z		ἓν ἔργον	1	one work	“one miracle” or “one sign”
 JHN	7	21	l1zf		πάντες θαυμάζετε	1	you all marvel	“you all are shocked”
@@ -495,42 +490,42 @@ JHN	7	22	d8sw	writing-background	οὐχ ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ Μωϋσέως 
 JHN	7	22	cs9z	figs-explicit	ἐν Σαββάτῳ περιτέμνετε ἄνθρωπον	1	on the Sabbath you circumcise a man	Jesus implies that the act of circumcision also involves work. Alternate translation: “you circumcise a male baby on the Sabbath. That is working too” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	7	22	dl6z		ἐν Σαββάτῳ	1	on the Sabbath	“on the Jewish Day of Rest”
 JHN	7	23	t21u		εἰ περιτομὴν λαμβάνει ἄνθρωπος ἐν Σαββάτῳ, ἵνα μὴ λυθῇ ὁ νόμος Μωϋσέως	1	If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses is not broken	“If you circumcise a male baby on the Sabbath so that you do not break the law of Moses”
-JHN	7	23	w9wn	figs-rquestion	ἐμοὶ χολᾶτε ὅτι ὅλον ἄνθρωπον ὑγιῆ ἐποίησα ἐν Σαββάτῳ	1	why are you angry with me because I made a man completely healthy on the Sabbath?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “you should not be angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	7	23	f437		ἐν Σαββάτῳ	1	on the Sabbath	“on the Jewish Day of Rest?”
+JHN	7	23	w9wn	figs-rquestion	ἐμοὶ χολᾶτε ὅτι ὅλον ἄνθρωπον ὑγιῆ ἐποίησα ἐν Σαββάτῳ?	1	why are you angry with me because I made a man completely healthy on the Sabbath?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “you should not be angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	23	f437		ἐν Σαββάτῳ	-1	on the Sabbath	“on the Jewish Day of Rest”
 JHN	7	24	x4fl	figs-explicit	μὴ κρίνετε κατ’ ὄψιν, ἀλλὰ τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κρίνετε	1	Do not judge according to appearance, but judge righteously	Jesus implies that the people should not decide what is right, based only on what they can see. Behind the action is a motive that cannot be seen. Alternate translation: “Stop judging people according to what you see! Be more concerned with what is right according to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	7	25	ts7d	figs-rquestion	οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὃν ζητοῦσιν ἀποκτεῖναι	1	Is not this the one they seek to kill?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “This is Jesus whom they are seeking to kill!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	25	ts7d	figs-rquestion	οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὃν ζητοῦσιν ἀποκτεῖναι?	1	Is not this the one they seek to kill?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “This is Jesus whom they are seeking to kill!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	7	26	n5pi	figs-explicit	οὐδὲν αὐτῷ λέγουσιν	1	they say nothing to him	This implies that the Jewish leaders are not opposing Jesus. Alternate translation: “they say nothing to oppose him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	7	26	s2un	figs-rquestion	μήποτε ἀληθῶς ἔγνωσαν οἱ ἄρχοντες, ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός	1	It cannot be that the rulers indeed know that this is the Christ, can it?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “Maybe they have decided that he is truly the Messiah!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	26	s2un	figs-rquestion	μήποτε ἀληθῶς ἔγνωσαν οἱ ἄρχοντες, ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός?	1	It cannot be that the rulers indeed know that this is the Christ, can it?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “Maybe they have decided that he is truly the Messiah!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	7	28	zxh7		ἔκραξεν	1	cried out	“spoke in a loud voice”
-JHN	7	28	ah7u	figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ	1	in the temple	Jesus and the people were actually in the courtyard of the temple. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	7	28	ah7u	figs-explicit	ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ	1	in the temple	Jesus and the people were actually in the courtyard of the **temple**. Alternate translation: “in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	7	28	rq9t	figs-irony	κἀμὲ οἴδατε, καὶ οἴδατε πόθεν εἰμί	1	You both know me and know where I come from	John uses irony in this statement. The people believe that Jesus is from Nazareth. They do not know that God sent him from heaven and that he was born in Bethlehem. Alternate translation: “You all know me and you think you know where I come from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
-JHN	7	28	w35k		ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ	1	of myself	“on my own authority.” See how you translated “of himself” in [John 5:19](../05/19.md).
+JHN	7	28	w35k		ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ	1	of myself	“on my own authority.” See how you translated “from himself” in [John 5:19](../05/19.md).
 JHN	7	28	a2h9		ἔστιν ἀληθινὸς ὁ πέμψας με	1	he who sent me is true	“God is the one who sent me and he is true”
 JHN	7	30	pxr4	figs-metonymy	οὔπω ἐληλύθει ἡ ὥρα αὐτοῦ	1	his hour had not yet come	The word **hour** is a metonym that represents the right time for Jesus to be arrested, according to God’s plan. Alternate translation: “it was not the right time to arrest him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	7	31	y5m8	figs-rquestion	ὁ Χριστὸς, ὅταν ἔλθῃ, μὴ πλείονα σημεῖα ποιήσει ὧν οὗτος ἐποίησεν	1	When the Christ comes, will he do more signs than what this one has done?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “When the Christ comes, surely he will not be able to do more signs than this man has done!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	31	y5m8	figs-rquestion	ὁ Χριστὸς, ὅταν ἔλθῃ, μὴ πλείονα σημεῖα ποιήσει ὧν οὗτος ἐποίησεν?	1	When the Christ comes, will he do more signs than what this one has done?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “When the Christ comes, surely he will not be able to do more signs than this man has done!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	7	31	x8e4		σημεῖα	1	signs	This refers to the miracles that prove that Jesus is the Christ.
 JHN	7	33	xm7p		ἔτι χρόνον μικρὸν μεθ’ ὑμῶν εἰμι	1	I am still with you for a short amount of time	“I will remain with you for only a short period of time”
-JHN	7	33	b4m8		καὶ ὑπάγω πρὸς τὸν πέμψαντά με	1	then I go to him who sent me	Here Jesus refers to God the Father, who sent him.
-JHN	7	34	p7w6		ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ ὑμεῖς, οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν	1	where I go, you will not be able to come	“you will not be able to come to the place where I am”
-JHN	7	35	zn29	figs-synecdoche	εἶπον οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι πρὸς ἑαυτούς	1	The Jews therefore said among themselves	The “Jews” is a synecdoche that represents the leaders of the Jews who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “The Jewish leaders said among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+JHN	7	33	b4m8		καὶ ὑπάγω πρὸς τὸν πέμψαντά με	1	then I go to him who sent me	Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God the Father, who sent Jesus.
+JHN	7	34	p7w6		ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ ὑμεῖς, οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν	1	where I go, you will not be able to come	“you will not be able to come to the place where I will go”
+JHN	7	35	zn29	figs-synecdoche	εἶπον οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι πρὸς ἑαυτούς	1	The Jews therefore said among themselves	Here, **Jews** is a synecdoche that represents the leaders of the Jews who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “The Jewish leaders said among themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	7	35	ef1y		τὴν διασπορὰν	1	the dispersion	This refers to the Jews that were spread all across the Greek world, outside of Palestine.
-JHN	7	36	ib6p	figs-metonymy	τίς ἐστιν ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὃν εἶπε	1	What is this word that he said	This “word” is a metonym which stands for the meaning of the message that Jesus had shared, which the Jewish leaders had failed to understand. Alternate translation: “What is he talking about when he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	7	36	ib6p	figs-metonymy	τίς ἐστιν ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὃν εἶπε	1	What is this word that he said	Here, **word** is a metonym which stands for the meaning of the message that Jesus had shared, which the Jewish leaders had failed to understand. Alternate translation: “What is he talking about when he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	7	37	elc6			0	General Information:	Some time has passed. It is now the last day of the festival and Jesus speaks to the crowd.
-JHN	7	37	fg95		ἡμέρᾳ…μεγάλῃ	1	great day	It is “great” because it is the last, or most important, day of the festival.
-JHN	7	37	iy9e	figs-metaphor	ἐάν τις διψᾷ	1	If anyone is thirsty	Here the word **thirsty** is a metaphor that means one’s great desire for the things of God, just as one “thirsts” for water. Alternate translation: “Those who desire the things of God like a thirty man desires water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	7	37	fg95		ἡμέρᾳ…μεγάλῃ	1	great day	It is **great** because it is the last, or most important, day of the festival.
+JHN	7	37	iy9e	figs-metaphor	ἐάν τις διψᾷ	1	If anyone is thirsty	Here the word **thirst** is a metaphor that means one’s great desire for the things of God, just as one “thirsts” for water. Alternate translation: “Those who desire the things of God like a thirty man desires water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	7	37	ayn6	figs-metaphor	ἐρχέσθω πρός με καὶ πινέτω	1	let him come to me and drink	The word **drink** is a metaphor that means to receive the spiritual life that Jesus provides. Alternate translation: “let him come to me and quench his spiritual thirst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	7	38	u9cx		ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, καθὼς εἶπεν ἡ Γραφή	1	He who believes in me, just as the scripture says	“As the scripture says about anyone who believes in me”
-JHN	7	38	uw2q	figs-metaphor	ποταμοὶ…ῥεύσουσιν ὕδατος ζῶντος	1	rivers of living water will flow	The “rivers of living water” is a metaphor that represents the life that Jesus provides for those who are spiritually “thirsty.” Alternate translation: “spiritual life will flow like rivers of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	7	38	yt75	figs-metaphor	ὕδατος ζῶντος	1	living water	This could mean: (1) This refers to water that gives life. (2) This refers to water that causes people to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	7	38	uw2q	figs-metaphor	ποταμοὶ…ῥεύσουσιν ὕδατος ζῶντος	1	rivers of living water will flow	Here, **rivers of living water** is a metaphor that represents the life that Jesus provides for those who are spiritually “thirsty.” Alternate translation: “spiritual life will flow like rivers of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	7	38	yt75	figs-metaphor	ὕδατος ζῶντος	1	living water	This could mean: (1) This refers to **water** that gives life. (2) This refers to **water** that causes people to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	7	38	cx1q	figs-metonymy	ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ	1	from his stomach	Here the **stomach** represents the inside of a person, specifically the non-physical part of a person. Alternate translation: “from inside of him” or “from his heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	7	39	i8wx	writing-background		0	General Information:	In this verse the author gives information to clarify what Jesus is talking about. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	7	39	syp9		δὲ εἶπεν	1	But he said	Here, **he** refers to Jesus.
-JHN	7	39	qbr1	figs-explicit	οὔπω…ἦν Πνεῦμα	1	the Spirit had not yet been given	John implies that the Spirit would later come to live in those who trusted Jesus. Alternate translation: “the Spirit had not yet come to live in the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	7	39	qbr1	figs-explicit	οὔπω…ἦν Πνεῦμα	1	the Spirit had not yet been given	John implies that **the Spirit** would later come to live in those who trusted Jesus. Alternate translation: “the Spirit had not yet come to live in the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	7	39	n599		ὅτι Ἰησοῦς οὐδέπω ἐδοξάσθη	1	because Jesus was not yet glorified	Here the word **glorified** refers to the time when God would honor the Son after his death and resurrection.
-JHN	7	40	shq8	figs-explicit	οὗτός ἐστιν ἀληθῶς ὁ προφήτης	1	This is indeed the prophet	By saying this, the people are indicating that they believe Jesus is the prophet like Moses that God had promised to send. Alternate translation: “This is indeed the prophet who is like Moses that we have been waiting for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	7	41	alq3	figs-rquestion	ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ὁ Χριστὸς ἔρχεται	1	Does the Christ come from Galilee?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “The Christ cannot come from Galilee!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	7	42	n8nb	figs-rquestion	οὐχ ἡ Γραφὴ εἶπεν, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος Δαυεὶδ, καὶ ἀπὸ Βηθλέεμ, τῆς κώμης ὅπου ἦν Δαυεὶδ, ἔρχεται ὁ Χριστός	1	Have the scriptures not said that the Christ will come from the descendants of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “The scriptures teach that Christ will come from the line of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	7	42	ep4z	figs-personification	οὐχ ἡ Γραφὴ εἶπεν	1	Have the scriptures not said	The scriptures are referred to as if they were actually speaking as a person speaks. Alternate translation: “The prophets wrote in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+JHN	7	40	shq8	figs-explicit	οὗτός ἐστιν ἀληθῶς ὁ προφήτης	1	This is indeed the prophet	By saying this, the people are indicating that they believe Jesus is **the prophet** like Moses that God had promised to send. Alternate translation: “This is indeed the prophet who is like Moses that we have been waiting for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	7	41	alq3	figs-rquestion	μὴ γὰρ ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ὁ Χριστὸς ἔρχεται	1	Does the Christ come from Galilee?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “The Christ cannot come from Galilee!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	42	n8nb	figs-rquestion	οὐχ ἡ Γραφὴ εἶπεν, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος Δαυεὶδ, καὶ ἀπὸ Βηθλέεμ, τῆς κώμης ὅπου ἦν Δαυεὶδ, ἔρχεται ὁ Χριστός?	1	Have the scriptures not said that the Christ will come from the descendants of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “The scriptures teach that Christ will come from the line of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	42	ep4z	figs-personification	οὐχ ἡ Γραφὴ εἶπεν	1	Have the scriptures not said	The **scriptures** are referred to as if they were actually speaking as a person speaks. Alternate translation: “The prophets wrote in the scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 JHN	7	42	zjh5		ὅπου ἦν Δαυεὶδ	1	where David was	“where David lived”
 JHN	7	43	lf5r		σχίσμα οὖν ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ δι’ αὐτόν	1	So there arose a division in the crowds because of him	The crowds could not agree about who or what Jesus was.
 JHN	7	44	rc64	figs-idiom	ἀλλ’ οὐδεὶς ἐπέβαλεν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς χεῖρας	1	but no one laid hands on him	To lay hands on someone is an idiom which means to grab him or to hold onto him. Alternate translation: “but no one grabbed him to arrest him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@@ -539,14 +534,13 @@ JHN	7	46	qwv3	figs-hyperbole	οὐδέποτε ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄ
 JHN	7	46	wp9h	figs-explicit	οὐδέποτε ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄνθρωπος	1		You may need to make explicit that the officers were not claiming to know everything that every person in all times and places had ever said. “We have never heard anyone say such amazing things as this man!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	7	47	d4xy		οὖν…οἱ Φαρισαῖοι	1	So the Pharisees	“Because they said that, the Pharisees”
 JHN	7	47	t91p		ἀπεκρίθησαν…αὐτοῖς	1	answered them	“answered the officers”
-JHN	7	47	z95z	figs-rquestion	καὶ ὑμεῖς πεπλάνησθε	1	Have you also been deceived?	The remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. The Pharisees are shocked at the response of the officers. Alternate translation: “You have been deceived too!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	7	48	e8vu	figs-rquestion	τις ἐκ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἐπίστευσεν εἰς αὐτὸν, ἢ ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων	1	Have any of the rulers believed in him, or any of the Pharisees?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “None of the rulers or Pharisees have believed in him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	7	49	e5td		τὸν νόμον	1	the law	This is a reference to the law of the Pharisees and not the law of Moses.
+JHN	7	47	z95z	figs-rquestion	μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς πεπλάνησθε?	1	Have you also been deceived?	The remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. The Pharisees are shocked at the response of the officers. Alternate translation: “You have been deceived too!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	48	e8vu	figs-rquestion	τις ἐκ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἐπίστευσεν εἰς αὐτὸν, ἢ ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων?	1	Have any of the rulers believed in him, or any of the Pharisees?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “None of the rulers or Pharisees have believed in him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	7	49	fe7d		ἀλλὰ ὁ ὄχλος οὗτος, ὁ μὴ γινώσκων τὸν νόμον, ἐπάρατοί εἰσιν	1	But this crowd that does not know the law, they are cursed	“As for this crowd that does not know the law, God will cause them to perish!”
 JHN	7	50	u5ha	writing-background	ὁ ἐλθὼν πρὸς αὐτὸν πρότερον, εἷς ὢν ἐξ αὐτῶν	1	one of the Pharisees, who came to him earlier	John provides this information to remind us of who Nicodemus is. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	7	51	ia3j	figs-rquestion	μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον παρ’ αὐτοῦ, καὶ γνῷ τί ποιεῖ	1	Does our law judge a man … what he does?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “Our Jewish law does not allow us to judge a man … what he does!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	7	51	y8df	figs-personification	ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	Does our law judge a man	Here Nicodemus speaks of the **law** as if it were a person. If this is not natural in your language, you may translate it with a personal subject. Alternate translation: “Do we judge a man” or “we do not judge a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
-JHN	7	52	pt91	figs-rquestion	καὶ σὺ ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας εἶ	1	Are you also from Galilee?	The Jewish leaders know that Nicodemus is not from Galilee. They ask this question as a way of scoffing at him. Alternate translation: “You must also be one of those inferior persons from Galilee!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	51	ia3j	figs-rquestion	μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσῃ πρῶτον παρ’ αὐτοῦ, καὶ γνῷ τί ποιεῖ?	1	Does our law judge a man … what he does?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. You can translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “Our Jewish law does not allow us to judge a man unless it first hears from him and knows what he does!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	7	51	y8df	figs-personification	μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	Does our law judge a man	Here Nicodemus speaks of the **law** as if it were a person. If this is not natural in your language, you may translate it with a personal subject. Alternate translation: “Do we judge a man” or “We do not judge a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+JHN	7	52	pt91	figs-rquestion	μὴ καὶ σὺ ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας εἶ?	1	Are you also from Galilee?	The Jewish leaders know that Nicodemus is not **from Galilee**. They ask this question as a way of scoffing at him. Alternate translation: “You must also be one of those inferior persons from Galilee!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	7	52	k6pg	figs-ellipsis	ἐραύνησον καὶ ἴδε	1	Search and see	This is an ellipsis. You may wish to include the information that does not appear. Alternate translation: “Search carefully and read what is written in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 JHN	7	52	jm59		προφήτης ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας οὐκ ἐγείρεται	1	no prophet comes from Galilee	This probably refers to the belief that Jesus was born in Galilee.
 JHN	7	53	s5fi	translate-textvariants		0	General Information:	The best early texts do not have 7:53–8:11. The ULT has set them apart in square brackets ([ ]) to show that John probably did not include them in his original text. Translators are encouraged to translate them, to set them apart with square brackets, and to include a footnote like the one written on [John 7:53](../07/53.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
@@ -554,178 +548,170 @@ JHN	8	intro	e667			0		# John 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<
 JHN	8	1	mkz2			0	General Information:	While some texts have 7:53–8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them.
 JHN	8	12	m4ma	writing-newevent		0	General Information:	Jesus is speaking to a crowd near the treasury in the temple after either the events of [John 7:1-52](../07/01.md) or the events of [John 7:53-8:11](../07/53.md). The author does not mark the beginning of this new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
 JHN	8	12	k5ib	figs-metaphor	ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου	1	I am the light of the world	Here the **light** is a metaphor for the revelation that comes from God. Alternate translation: “I am the one who gives light to the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	8	12	yc5p	figs-metonymy	τοῦ κόσμου	1	the world	This is a metonym for the people. Alternate translation: “the people of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	8	12	yc5p	figs-metonymy	τοῦ κόσμου	1	the world	Here, **world** is a metonym for the people. Alternate translation: “the people of the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	8	12	zf41	figs-idiom	ὁ ἀκολουθῶν ἐμοὶ	1	he who follows me	This is an idiom that means “everyone who does what I teach” or “everyone who obeys me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-JHN	8	12	tse3	figs-metaphor	οὐ μὴ περιπατήσῃ ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ	1	will not walk in the darkness	To “walk in darkness” is a metaphor for living a sinful life. Alternate translation: “will not live as if he were in the darkness of sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	8	12	vw7r	figs-metaphor	φῶς τῆς ζωῆς	1	light of life	The “light of life” is a metaphor for the truth from God that gives spiritual life. Alternate translation: “truth that brings eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	8	12	tse3	figs-metaphor	οὐ μὴ περιπατήσῃ ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ	1	will not walk in the darkness	To **walk in the darkness** is a metaphor for living a sinful life. Alternate translation: “will not live as if he were in the darkness of sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	8	12	vw7r	figs-metaphor	φῶς τῆς ζωῆς	1	light of life	Here, **light of life** is a metaphor for the truth from God that gives spiritual life. Alternate translation: “truth that brings eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	8	13	ih9h		σὺ περὶ σεαυτοῦ μαρτυρεῖς	1	You bear witness about yourself	“You are just saying these things about yourself”
-JHN	8	13	mrj6	figs-explicit	ἡ μαρτυρία σου οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής	1	your witness is not true	The Pharisees are implying that the witness of only one person is not true because it cannot be verified. Alternate translation: “you cannot be your own witness” or “what you say about yourself may not be true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	8	13	mrj6	figs-explicit	ἡ μαρτυρία σου οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής	1	your witness is not true	The Pharisees are implying that the **witness** of only one person **is not true** because it cannot be verified. Alternate translation: “you cannot be your own witness” or “what you say about yourself may not be true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	8	14	x9rf		κἂν ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ	1	Even if I bear witness about myself	“Even if I say these things about myself”
 JHN	8	15	k92s		τὴν σάρκα	1	the flesh	“human standards and the laws of men”
 JHN	8	15	j79i		ἐγὼ οὐ κρίνω οὐδένα	1	I judge no one	This could mean: (1) Jesus is not judging anyone yet. (2) Jesus is not judging anyone at that time.
-JHN	8	16	xnn5		ἐὰν κρίνω…ἐγώ	1	if I judge	This could mean: (1) This may mean “if I judge people.” (2) This man mean “whenever I judge people.”
+JHN	8	16	xnn5		ἐὰν κρίνω…ἐγώ	1	if I judge	This could mean: (1) This may mean “if I judge people.” (2) This may mean “whenever I judge people.”
 JHN	8	16	jb2f		ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμὴ ἀληθινή ἐστιν	1	my judgment is true	“my judgment is right.”
-JHN	8	16	emx1	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	μόνος οὐκ εἰμί, ἀλλ’ ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πέμψας με Πατήρ	1	I am not alone, but I am with the Father who sent me	Jesus, the Son of God, has authority because of his special relationship with his Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	8	16	ev1r	figs-explicit	μόνος οὐκ εἰμί	1	I am not alone	The implied information is that Jesus is not alone in his judgment. Alternate translation: “I am not alone in how I judge” or “I do not judge alone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	8	16	f6nu		ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ…Πατήρ	1	I am with the Father	The Father and the Son judge together. Alternate translation: “the Father also judges with me” or “the Father judges as I do”
-JHN	8	16	r7dx	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ…Πατήρ	1	the Father	This is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say “my Father” since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	8	16	f6nu		ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ…Πατήρ	1	I am with the Father	The **Father** and the Son judge together. Alternate translation: “the Father also judges with me” or “the Father judges as I do”
+JHN	8	16	r7dx	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ…Πατήρ	1	the Father	**Father** is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say “my Father” since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	8	17	uvc6			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to the Pharisees and other people about himself.
-JHN	8	17	i1sl		καὶ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ δὲ τῷ ὑμετέρῳ	1	Yes, and in your law	The word **Yes** shows that Jesus is adding to what he was saying before.
 JHN	8	17	r2r8	figs-activepassive	γέγραπται	1	it is written	This is a passive phrase. You may translate it in an active form with a personal subject. Alternate translation: “Moses wrote” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JHN	8	17	l6ln	figs-explicit	δύο ἀνθρώπων ἡ μαρτυρία ἀληθής ἐστιν	1	the testimony of two men is true	The logic implied here is that one person can verify the words of another. Alternate translation: “if two men say the same thing, then people know it is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	8	18	ff2p		ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ μαρτυρῶν περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ	1	I am he who bears witness about myself	Jesus bears witness about himself. Alternate translation: “I give evidence to you about myself”
-JHN	8	18	gfd3	figs-explicit	μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ ὁ πέμψας με Πατήρ	1	the Father who sent me bears witness about me	The Father also bears witness about Jesus. You could make it explicit that this means Jesus’ testimony is true. Alternate translation: “my Father who sent me also brings evidence about me. So you should believe that what we tell you is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	8	18	ycc8	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ…Πατήρ	1	the Father	This is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say “my Father” since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	8	18	gfd3	figs-explicit	μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ ὁ πέμψας με Πατήρ	1	the Father who sent me bears witness about me	The **Father** also **bears witness** about Jesus. You could make it explicit that this means Jesus’ testimony is true. Alternate translation: “my Father who sent me also brings evidence about me. So you should believe that what we tell you is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	8	18	ycc8	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ…Πατήρ	2	the Father	**Father** is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say “my Father” since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	8	19	s37n	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 20 there is a break in Jesus’ speaking where the author give us background information regarding where Jesus had been teaching. Some languages may require the information about the setting to be placed at the beginning of this part of the story in [John 8:12](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	8	19	d3b9	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	οὔτε ἐμὲ οἴδατε, οὔτε τὸν Πατέρα μου. εἰ ἐμὲ ᾔδειτε, καὶ τὸν Πατέρα μου ἂν ᾔδειτε	1	You know neither me nor my Father; if you had known me, you would have known my Father also	Jesus indicates that to know him is to also know the Father. Both Father and Son are God. “Father” is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	8	19	b26z	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τὸν Πατέρα μου	1	my Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	8	20	b11j	figs-metonymy	οὔπω ἐληλύθει ἡ ὥρα αὐτοῦ	1	his hour had not yet come	The word **hour** is a metonym for the time for Jesus to die. Alternate translation: “it was not yet the right time for Jesus to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	8	21	xv3g			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to the crowd.
-JHN	8	21	gg46		ἐν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ὑμῶν ἀποθανεῖσθε	1	die in your sin	Here the word **die** refers to spiritual death. Alternate translation: “die while you are still sinful” or “you will die while you are sinning”
-JHN	8	21	e83m		ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν	1	you cannot come	“you are not able to come”
-JHN	8	22	a4p4	figs-synecdoche	ἔλεγον…οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	The Jews said	Here, **Jews** is a synecdoche for “the Jewish leaders.” Alternate translation: “The Jewish leaders said” or “The Jewish authorities said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+JHN	8	21	gg46		ἐν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ὑμῶν ἀποθανεῖσθε	1	die in your sin	Here the word **die** refers to spiritual death. Alternate translation: “will die while you are still sinful” or “you will die while you are sinning”
+JHN	8	22	a4p4	figs-synecdoche	ἔλεγον…οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	The Jews said	Here, **Jews** is a synecdoche for “the Jewish leaders.” Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders said” or “the Jewish authorities said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	8	23	zug9		ὑμεῖς ἐκ τῶν κάτω ἐστέ	1	You are from below	“You were born in this world”
 JHN	8	23	a7ny		ἐγὼ ἐκ τῶν ἄνω εἰμί	1	I am from above	“I came from heaven”
 JHN	8	23	svn1		ὑμεῖς ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κόσμου ἐστέ	1	You are of this world	“You belong to this world”
 JHN	8	23	w9jl		ἐγὼ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου	1	I am not of this world	“I do not belong to this world”
 JHN	8	24	jgw4		ἀποθανεῖσθε ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν	1	you will die in your sins	“you will die without God’s forgiving your sins”
 JHN	8	24	he1k		ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι	1	that I AM	This could mean: (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM.” (2) Jesus expects the people to understand that he is referring to what he already has already said about himself: “I am from above.”
-JHN	8	25	t7tv		ἔλεγον	1	They said	The word **They** refers to the Jewish leaders ([John 8:22](../08/22.md)).
+JHN	8	25	t7tv		ἔλεγον	1	They said	Here, **they** refers to the Jewish leaders ([John 8:22](../08/22.md)).
 JHN	8	26	lsc7	figs-metonymy	ταῦτα λαλῶ εἰς τὸν κόσμον	1	these things I say to the world	Here the **world** is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “these things I say to all the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	8	27	hh1s	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τὸν Πατέρα	1	the Father	This is a special title for God. Some languages may require the use of a possessive before the noun. Alternate translation: “his Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	8	27	hh1s	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τὸν Πατέρα	1	the Father	**Father** is a special title for God. Some languages may require the use of a possessive before the noun. Alternate translation: “his Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	8	28	x6ca		ὅταν ὑψώσητε	1	When you have lifted up	This refers to placing Jesus on the cross to kill him.
-JHN	8	28	er3s		Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Son of Man	Jesus used the title “Son of Man” to refer to himself.
+JHN	8	28	er3s		Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Son of Man	Jesus used the title **Son of Man** to refer to himself.
 JHN	8	28	tcs5		ἐγώ εἰμι	1	I AM	This could mean: (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM.” (2) Jesus is saying, “I am the one I claim to be.”
 JHN	8	28	vq9k	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	καθὼς ἐδίδαξέν με ὁ Πατὴρ, ταῦτα λαλῶ	1	As the Father taught me, I speak these things	“I am only saying what my Father taught me to say.” The word **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	8	29	w9cl		ὁ πέμψας με	1	He who sent me	The word **He** refers to God.
+JHN	8	29	w9cl		ὁ πέμψας με	1	He who sent me	Here, **the one who sent me** refers to God.
 JHN	8	30	ld9x		ταῦτα αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος	1	As Jesus was saying these things	“As Jesus spoke these words”
 JHN	8	30	uj29		πολλοὶ ἐπίστευσαν εἰς αὐτὸν	1	many believed in him	“many people trusted him”
 JHN	8	31	g752	figs-idiom	μείνητε ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐμῷ	1	remain in my word	This is an idiom that means “to obey Jesus.” Alternate translation: “obey what I have said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JHN	8	31	iq3z		μαθηταί μού	1	my disciples	“my followers”
-JHN	8	32	esz8	figs-personification	ἡ ἀλήθεια ἐλευθερώσει ὑμᾶς	1	the truth will set you free	This is personification. Jesus speaks of “the truth” as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “if you obey the truth, God will set you free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+JHN	8	32	esz8	figs-personification	ἡ ἀλήθεια ἐλευθερώσει ὑμᾶς	1	the truth will set you free	This is personification. Jesus speaks of **he truth** as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “if you obey the truth, God will set you free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 JHN	8	32	xf9m		τὴν ἀλήθειαν	1	the truth	This refers to what Jesus reveals about God. Alternate translation: “what is true about God”
 JHN	8	33	n34n	figs-rquestion	πῶς σὺ λέγεις, ὅτι ἐλεύθεροι γενήσεσθε	1	how can you say, ‘You will be set free’?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Jewish leaders’ shock at what Jesus has said. Alternate translation: “We do not need to be set free!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	8	34	i2pn		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
-JHN	8	34	jg3z	figs-metaphor	δοῦλός ἐστιν τῆς ἁμαρτίας	1	is the slave of sin	Here the word **slave** is a metaphor. This implies that “sin” is like a master for the one who sins. Alternate translation: “is like a slave to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	8	34	jg3z	figs-metaphor	δοῦλός ἐστιν τῆς ἁμαρτίας	1	is the slave of sin	Here the word **slave** is a metaphor. This implies that **sin** is like a master for the one who sins. Alternate translation: “is like a slave to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	8	35	sg4a	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ	1	in the house	Here, **house** is a metonym for “family.” Alternate translation: “as a permanent member of a family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	8	35	j73t	figs-ellipsis	ὁ Υἱὸς μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα	1	the son remains forever	This is an ellipsis. You may translate it by including the implied words. Alternate translation: “the son is a member of the family forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 JHN	8	36	n6fp	figs-explicit	ἐὰν…ὁ Υἱὸς ὑμᾶς ἐλευθερώσῃ, ὄντως ἐλεύθεροι ἔσεσθε	1	if the Son sets you free, you will be truly free	It is implied that Jesus is talking about freedom from sin. Alternate translation: “if the Son sets you free from sin, you will truly be free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	8	36	mapu	figs-metaphor	ἐὰν…ὁ Υἱὸς ὑμᾶς ἐλευθερώσῃ, ὄντως ἐλεύθεροι ἔσεσθε	1		This is a metaphor for being able not to sin. Alternate translation: “if the Son sets you free, you will truly be able to refrain from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	8	36	w3q1	figs-123person	ἐὰν…ὁ Υἱὸς ὑμᾶς ἐλευθερώσῃ	1	if the Son sets you free	Jesus was speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “If I, the Son, set you free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
+JHN	8	36	mapu	figs-metaphor	ἐὰν…ὁ Υἱὸς ὑμᾶς ἐλευθερώσῃ, ὄντως ἐλεύθεροι ἔσεσθε	1		Here, being **free** is a metaphor for being able not to sin. Alternate translation: “if the Son sets you free, you will truly be able to refrain from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	8	36	w3q1	figs-123person	ἐὰν…ὁ Υἱὸς ὑμᾶς ἐλευθερώσῃ	1	if the Son sets you free	Jesus was speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “if I, the Son, set you free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JHN	8	36	nqcr	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Υἱὸς	1		**Son** is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	8	37	p4xm			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to the Jews.
 JHN	8	37	ph1q	figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος ὁ ἐμὸς οὐ χωρεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν	1	my word has no place in you	Here, **word** is a metonym for the “teachings” or “message” of Jesus, which the Jewish leaders do not accept. Alternate translation: “you do not accept my teachings” or “you do not allow my message to change your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	8	38	m62y		ἃ ἐγὼ ἑώρακα παρὰ τῷ Πατρὶ, λαλῶ	1	I say what I have seen with my Father	“I am telling you about the things I saw when I was with my Father”
-JHN	8	38	f9yu		καὶ ὑμεῖς…ἃ ἠκούσατε παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς, ποιεῖτε	1	you also do what you heard from your father	The Jewish leaders do not understand that by “your father” Jesus is referring to the devil. Alternate translation: “you also continue doing what your father has told you to do”
+JHN	8	38	f9yu		καὶ ὑμεῖς…ἃ ἠκούσατε παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς, ποιεῖτε	1	you also do what you heard from your father	The Jewish leaders do not understand that by **your father** Jesus is referring to the devil. Alternate translation: “you also continue doing what your father has told you to do”
 JHN	8	39	qp2r		ὁ πατὴρ	1	father	forefather
 JHN	8	40	s615		τοῦτο Ἀβραὰμ οὐκ ἐποίησεν	1	Abraham did not do this	“Abraham never tried to kill anyone who told him the true revelation from God”
-JHN	8	41	i87r	figs-explicit	ὑμεῖς ποιεῖτε τὰ ἔργα τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν	1	You do the works of your father	Jesus implies that their father is the devil. Alternate translation: “No! You are doing the things that your real father did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	8	41	i87r	figs-explicit	ὑμεῖς ποιεῖτε τὰ ἔργα τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν	1	You do the works of your father	Jesus implies that their **father** is the devil. Alternate translation: “No! You are doing the things that your real father did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	8	41	y82e	figs-explicit	ἡμεῖς ἐκ πορνείας οὐ γεγεννήμεθα	1	We were not born in sexual immorality	Here the Jewish leaders imply that Jesus does not know who his real father is. Alternate translation: “We do not know about you, but we are not illegitimate children” or “We were all born from proper marriages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	8	41	iz3h	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ἕνα Πατέρα ἔχομεν, τὸν Θεόν	1	we have one Father: God	Here the Jewish leaders claim God as their spiritual Father. This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	8	41	iz3h	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ἕνα Πατέρα ἔχομεν, τὸν Θεόν	1	we have one Father: God	Here the Jewish leaders claim **God** as their spiritual **Father**. **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	8	42	nh4m		ἠγαπᾶτε	1	love	This is the kind of love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others (including those who are our enemies), even when it does not benefit oneself.
-JHN	8	43	ig11	figs-rquestion	διὰ τί τὴν λαλιὰν τὴν ἐμὴν οὐ γινώσκετε	1	Why do you not understand my words?	Jesus is using this question mainly to rebuke the Jewish leaders for not listening to him. Alternate translation: “I will tell you why you do not understand what I say!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	8	43	ig11	figs-rquestion	διὰ τί τὴν λαλιὰν τὴν ἐμὴν οὐ γινώσκετε?	1	Why do you not understand my words?	Jesus is using this question mainly to rebuke the Jewish leaders for not listening to him. Alternate translation: “I will tell you why you do not understand what I say!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	8	43	cf8v	figs-metonymy	ὅτι οὐ δύνασθε ἀκούειν τὸν λόγον τὸν ἐμόν	1	It is because you cannot hear my words	Here, **words** is a metonym for the “teachings” of Jesus. Alternate translation: “It is because you will not accept my teachings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	8	44	vgy1		ὑμεῖς ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ διαβόλου ἐστὲ	1	You are of your father, the devil	“You belong to your father, Satan”
-JHN	8	44	k1qu	figs-metaphor	ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ	1	the father of lies	Here, **father** is a metaphor for the one who originates all lies. Alternate translation: “he is the one who created all lies in the beginning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	8	44	x11i	figs-explicit	ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ	1		It is understood that here, **it** refers to the act of lying that the devil did. You can state this clearly. Alternate translation: “the father of lying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	8	44	k1qu	figs-metaphor	ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ	1	the father of lies	Here, **father** is a metaphor for the one who originates the act of lying. Alternate translation: “he is the one who created lying in the beginning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	8	45	g1q9			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to the Jews.
 JHN	8	45	e55r		ἐγὼ…ὅτι τὴν ἀλήθειαν λέγω	1	because I speak the truth	“because I tell you true things about God”
-JHN	8	46	y3gz	figs-rquestion	τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐλέγχει με περὶ ἁμαρτίας	1	Which one of you convicts me of sin?	Jesus uses this question to emphasize that he has never sinned. Alternate translation: “None of you can show that I have ever sinned!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	8	46	y3gz	figs-rquestion	τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐλέγχει με περὶ ἁμαρτίας?	1	Which one of you convicts me of sin?	Jesus uses this question to emphasize that he has never sinned. Alternate translation: “None of you can show that I have ever sinned!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	8	46	kh6a		εἰ ἀλήθειαν λέγω	1	If I speak the truth	“If I say things that are true”
-JHN	8	46	ibp1	figs-rquestion	διὰ τί ὑμεῖς οὐ πιστεύετέ μοι	1	why do you not believe me?	Jesus uses this question to scold the Jewish leaders for their unbelief. Alternate translation: “you have no reason for not believing in me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	8	46	ibp1	figs-rquestion	διὰ τί ὑμεῖς οὐ πιστεύετέ μοι?	1	why do you not believe me?	Jesus uses this question to scold the Jewish leaders for their unbelief. Alternate translation: “you have no reason for not believing in me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	8	47	l7gy	figs-metonymy	τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the words of God	Here, **words** is a metonym for the “message” of God. Alternate translation: “the message of God” or “the truth that comes from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	8	48	vu1h	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	The Jews	The “Jews” is a synecdoche that represents the “Jewish leaders” who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “The Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-JHN	8	48	cic5	figs-rquestion	οὐ καλῶς λέγομεν ἡμεῖς ὅτι Σαμαρείτης εἶ σὺ, καὶ δαιμόνιον ἔχεις	1	Do we not truly say that you are a Samaritan and have a demon?	The Jewish leaders use this question to accuse Jesus and to dishonor him. Alternate translation: “We are certainly right in saying that you are a Samaritan and that a demon lives in you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	8	48	vu1h	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	The Jews	Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche that represents the “Jewish leaders” who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “The Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+JHN	8	48	cic5	figs-rquestion	οὐ καλῶς λέγομεν ἡμεῖς ὅτι Σαμαρείτης εἶ σὺ, καὶ δαιμόνιον ἔχεις?	1	Do we not truly say that you are a Samaritan and have a demon?	The Jewish leaders use this question to accuse Jesus and to dishonor him. Alternate translation: “We are certainly right in saying that you are a Samaritan and that a demon lives in you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	8	50	m4rl			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues answering the Jews.
 JHN	8	50	fg43		ἔστιν ὁ ζητῶν καὶ κρίνων	1	there is one seeking and judging	This refers to God.
 JHN	8	51	fb52		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
 JHN	8	51	m46r	figs-metonymy	τὸν ἐμὸν λόγον τηρήσῃ	1	keeps my word	Here, **word** is a metonym for the “teachings” of Jesus. Alternate translation: “obeys my teachings” or “does what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	8	51	gx7l	figs-idiom	θάνατον…θεωρήσῃ	1	see death	This is an idiom that means to experience death. Here Jesus is referring to spiritual death. Alternate translation: “die spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+JHN	8	51	gx7l	figs-idiom	θάνατον οὐ μὴ θεωρήσῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα	1	see death	Here, **see death** is an idiom that means to experience death. Here Jesus is referring to spiritual death. Alternate translation: “he will certainly not ever die spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JHN	8	52	e9xz	figs-synecdoche	Ἰουδαῖοι	1	Jews	Here, **Jews** is a metonym for the “Jewish leaders” who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	8	52	zah1		ἐάν τις τὸν λόγον μου τηρήσῃ	1	If anyone keeps my word	“If anyone obeys my teaching”
-JHN	8	52	a1ls	figs-idiom	γεύσηται θανάτου	1	taste death	This is an idiom that means to experience death. The Jewish leaders mistakenly assume that Jesus is speaking only about physical death. Alternate translation: “die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-JHN	8	53	shp3	figs-rquestion	μὴ σὺ μείζων εἶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ, ὅστις ἀπέθανεν	1	You are not greater than our father Abraham who died, are you?	The Jewish leaders use this question to emphasize that Jesus is not greater than Abraham. Alternate translation: “You are certainly not greater than our father Abraham who indeed died!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	8	52	a1ls	figs-idiom	οὐ μὴ γεύσηται θανάτου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα	1	taste death	Here, **taste death** is an idiom that means to experience death. The Jewish leaders mistakenly assume that Jesus is speaking only about physical death. Alternate translation: “he will certainly never die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+JHN	8	53	shp3	figs-rquestion	μὴ σὺ μείζων εἶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ, ὅστις ἀπέθανεν?	1	You are not greater than our father Abraham who died, are you?	The Jewish leaders use this question to emphasize that Jesus is not greater than Abraham. Alternate translation: “You are certainly not greater than our father Abraham who indeed died!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	8	53	p38s		τοῦ πατρὸς	1	father	forefather
-JHN	8	53	cei7	figs-rquestion	τίνα σεαυτὸν ποιεῖς	1	Who do you make yourself out to be?	The Jews use this question to rebuke Jesus for thinking that he is more important than Abraham. Alternate translation: “You should not think that you are so important!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	8	53	cei7	figs-rquestion	τίνα σεαυτὸν ποιεῖς?	1	Who do you make yourself out to be?	The Jews use this question to rebuke Jesus for thinking that he is more important than Abraham. Alternate translation: “You should not think that you are so important!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	8	54	ab13	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ἔστιν ὁ Πατήρ μου ὁ δοξάζων με, ὃν ὑμεῖς λέγετε, ὅτι Θεὸς ἡμῶν ἐστιν	1	it is my Father who glorifies me—about whom you say that he is your God	The word **Father** is an important title for God. No one knows God the Father like Jesus, the Son of God. Alternate translation: “it is my Father who honors me, and you say that he is your God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	8	55	c3bm	figs-metonymy	τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ τηρῶ	1	keep his word	Here, **word** is a metonym for what God says. Alternate translation: “I obey what he says to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	8	56	tyu5	figs-metonymy	τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ἐμήν	1	my day	This is a metonym for what Jesus would accomplish during his life. Alternate translation: “what I would do during my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	8	56	tyu5	figs-metonymy	τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ἐμήν	1	my day	Here, **my day** is a metonym for what Jesus would accomplish during his life. Alternate translation: “what I would do during my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	8	56	hv5g		εἶδεν καὶ ἐχάρη	1	he saw it and was glad	“he foresaw my coming through God’s revelation and he rejoiced”
 JHN	8	57	erp5			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus speaking with the Jews in the temple, which began in [John 8:12](../08/12.md).
-JHN	8	57	yzf9	figs-synecdoche	εἶπον…οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι πρὸς αὐτόν	1	The Jews said to him	Here the **Jews** is a synecdoche for the “Jewish leaders” who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “The Jewish leaders said to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-JHN	8	57	r1ek	figs-rquestion	πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω ἔχεις, καὶ Ἀβραὰμ ἑώρακας	1	You are not yet fifty years old, and you have seen Abraham?	The Jewish leaders use this question to express their shock that Jesus claims to have seen Abraham. Alternate translation: “You are less than fifty years old. You could not have seen Abraham!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	8	57	yzf9	figs-synecdoche	εἶπον…οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι πρὸς αὐτόν	1	The Jews said to him	Here **the Jews** is a synecdoche for the “Jewish leaders” who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders said to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+JHN	8	57	r1ek	figs-rquestion	πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω ἔχεις, καὶ Ἀβραὰμ ἑώρακας?	1	You are not yet fifty years old, and you have seen Abraham?	The Jewish leaders use this question to express their shock that Jesus claims to have seen Abraham. Alternate translation: “You are less than fifty years old. You could not have seen Abraham!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	8	58	rnw4		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
 JHN	8	58	k4tp		ἐγὼ εἰμί	1	I AM	This could mean: (1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as “I AM.” (2) Jesus is saying, “before Abraham existed, I existed.”
 JHN	8	59	bxs5	figs-explicit	ἦραν οὖν λίθους, ἵνα βάλωσιν ἐπ’ αὐτόν	1	Then they picked up stones to throw at him	The Jewish leaders are outraged at what Jesus has said. Here it is implied that they wanted to kill him because he had made himself equal to God. Alternate translation: “Then they picked up stones to kill him because he claimed to be equal with God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	9	intro	hq31			0		# John 9 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Who sinned?”<br><br>Many of the Jews of Jesus’ time believed that if a person was blind or deaf or crippled, it was because he or his parents or someone in his family had sinned. This was not the teaching of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### “He does not keep the Sabbath”<br><br>The Pharisees thought that Jesus was working, and so breaking the Sabbath, by making mud. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br><br>## Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>### Seeing and being blind<br><br>Jesus calls the Pharisees blind because they see that Jesus is able to heal blind people but they still do not believe that God sent him ([John 9:39-40](./39.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([John 9:35](../../jhn/09/35.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JHN	9	1	fa5a			0	General Information:	As Jesus and his disciples are walking along, they come across a blind man.
 JHN	9	1	un4h	writing-newevent	καὶ	1	Now	This word shows that the author is about to describe a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
-JHN	9	1	z5sx	figs-synecdoche	παράγων	1	as Jesus passed by	Here, **Jesus** is a synecdoche for Jesus and the disciples. Alternate translation: “as Jesus and his disciples passed by” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-JHN	9	2	w44c	figs-explicit	τίς ἥμαρτεν, οὗτος ἢ οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ, ἵνα τυφλὸς γεννηθῇ	1	who sinned, this man or his parents … blind?	This question reflects the ancient Jewish belief that sin caused all illnesses and other deformities. The rabbis also taught that it was possible for a baby to sin while still in the womb. Alternate translation: “Teacher, we know that sin causes a person to be blind. Whose sin caused this man to be born blind? did this man himself sin, or was it his parents who sinned?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	9	4	h231	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	We	This “We” includes both Jesus and the disciples he is talking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-JHN	9	4	g92d	figs-metaphor	ἡμέρα…νὺξ	1	day … Night	Here, **day** and “night” are metaphors. Jesus is comparing the time when people can do God’s work to daytime, the time when people normally work, and nighttime to when they cannot do God’s work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	9	2	w44c	figs-explicit	τίς ἥμαρτεν, οὗτος ἢ οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ, ἵνα τυφλὸς γεννηθῇ?	1	who sinned, this man or his parents … blind?	This question reflects the ancient Jewish belief that sin caused all illnesses and other deformities. The rabbis also taught that it was possible for a baby to sin while still in the womb. Alternate translation: “Teacher, we know that sin causes a person to be blind. Whose sin caused this man to be born blind? did this man himself sin, or was it his parents who sinned?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	9	4	h231	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	We	Here, **us** includes both Jesus and the disciples he is talking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+JHN	9	4	g92d	figs-metaphor	ἡμέρα…νὺξ	1	day … Night	Here, **day** and **Night** are metaphors. Jesus is comparing the time when people can do God’s work to daytime, the time when people normally work, and nighttime to when they cannot do God’s work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	9	5	f2xu	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ	1	in the world	Here the **world** is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: “living among the people of this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	9	5	dd8k	figs-metaphor	φῶς…τοῦ κόσμου	1	light of the world	Here, **light** is a metaphor for the true revelation of God. Alternate translation: “the one who shows what is true just as light allows people to see what is in the darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	9	6	y3s4	figs-explicit	ἐποίησεν πηλὸν ἐκ τοῦ πτύσματος	1	made mud with the saliva	Jesus used his fingers to mix the dirt and saliva. Alternate translation: “and used his fingers to mix the dirt and saliva to make mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	9	7	ily8	figs-explicit	νίψαι…ἐνίψατο	1	wash … washed	You may need to make explicit that Jesus wanted him to wash the mud off of his eyes in the pool and that that is what the man did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	9	6	y3s4	figs-explicit	ἐποίησεν πηλὸν ἐκ τοῦ πτύσματος	1	made mud with the saliva	Jesus used his fingers to mix the dirt and **saliva**. Alternate translation: “used his fingers to mix the dirt and saliva to make mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	9	7	ily8	figs-explicit	νίψαι…ἐνίψατο	1	wash … washed	You may need to make explicit that Jesus wanted him to **wash** the mud off of his eyes in the pool and that that is what the man did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	9	7	ri9h	writing-background	ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται, ἀπεσταλμένος	1	which is translated “Sent”	A brief break occurs here in the story line so John can explain to his readers what “Siloam” means. Alternate translation: “which means ‘Sent’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	9	8	r79x	figs-rquestion	οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ καθήμενος καὶ προσαιτῶν	1	Is not this the man that used to sit and beg?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the surprise of the people. Alternate translation: “This man is the one who used to sit and beg!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	9	8	r79x	figs-rquestion	οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ καθήμενος καὶ προσαιτῶν?	1	Is not this the man that used to sit and beg?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the surprise of the people. Alternate translation: “This man is the one who used to sit and beg!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	9	10	p7vj			0	Connecting Statement:	The neighbors of the man who had been blind continue to speak to him.
-JHN	9	10	m97n		πῶς ἠνεῴχθησάν σου οἱ ὀφθαλμοί	1	Then how were your eyes opened?	“Then what caused you to be able to see?” or “How is it that you can see now?”
+JHN	9	10	m97n		πῶς ἠνεῴχθησάν σου οἱ ὀφθαλμοί?	1	Then how were your eyes opened?	“Then what caused you to be able to see?” or “How is it that you can see now?”
 JHN	9	11	a42y		ἐπέχρισέν μου τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς	1	smeared it on my eyes	“used his fingers to cover my eyes with mud.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [John 9:6](../09/06.md).
-JHN	9	13	dl48	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 14 tells background information about when Jesus healed the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	9	13	cu14		ἄγουσιν αὐτὸν πρὸς τοὺς Φαρισαίους, τόν ποτε τυφλόν	1	They brought the man who used to be blind to the Pharisees	The people insisted that the man go with them to the Pharisees. They did not physically force him to go.
+JHN	9	14	dl48	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 14 tells background information about when Jesus healed the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	9	14	qxy9		Σάββατον ἐν ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ	1	Sabbath day	“Jewish Day of Rest”
-JHN	9	15	d6xd		πάλιν οὖν ἠρώτων αὐτὸν…οἱ Φαρισαῖοι	1	Then again the Pharisees asked him	“So the Pharisees also asked him”
-JHN	9	16	y3wn	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 18 there is a break from the main story line as John provides background information about the Jews’ disbelief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+JHN	9	15	d6xd		πάλιν οὖν ἠρώτων αὐτὸν καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι	1	Then again the Pharisees asked him	“So the Pharisees also asked him”
 JHN	9	16	hdh9		τὸ Σάββατον οὐ τηρεῖ	1	he does not keep the Sabbath	This means Jesus does not obey the law about doing no work on the Jewish Day of Rest.
-JHN	9	16	k4sy	figs-rquestion	πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος ἁμαρτωλὸς τοιαῦτα σημεῖα ποιεῖν	1	How can a man who is a sinner do such signs?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that Jesus’ signs prove he is not a sinner. Alternate translation: “A sinner can not do such signs!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	9	16	qn73		σημεῖα	1	signs	This is another word for miracles. “Signs” give evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
+JHN	9	16	k4sy	figs-rquestion	πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος ἁμαρτωλὸς τοιαῦτα σημεῖα ποιεῖν?	1	How can a man who is a sinner do such signs?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that Jesus’ signs prove he is not a sinner. Alternate translation: “A sinner can not do such signs!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	9	16	qn73		σημεῖα	1	signs	Here, **signs** is another word for miracles. They give evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
 JHN	9	17	lcb3		προφήτης ἐστίν	1	He is a prophet	“I think he is a prophet”
-JHN	9	18	awp6	figs-synecdoche	οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	Now the Jews still did not believe	Here, **Jews** is a synecdoche for the “Jewish leaders” who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: Now the Jewish leaders still did not believe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-JHN	9	19	npf9		ἠρώτησαν αὐτοὺς	1	They asked the parents	“They” refers to the Jewish leaders.
-JHN	9	21	vh7q		ἡλικίαν ἔχει, αὐτὸς	1	he is an adult	“he is a man” or “he is no longer a child”
+JHN	9	18	y3wn	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 18 there is a break from the main story line as John provides background information about the Jews’ disbelief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+JHN	9	18	awp6	figs-synecdoche	οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	Now the Jews still did not believe	Here, **Jews** is a synecdoche for the “Jewish leaders” who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “Now the Jewish leaders still did not believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+JHN	9	19	npf9		ἠρώτησαν αὐτοὺς	1	They asked the parents	Here, **they** refers to the Jewish leaders.
 JHN	9	22	yq73	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 22 there is a break from the main story line as John provides background information about the man’s parents being afraid of the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	9	22	k2iw	figs-synecdoche	ἐφοβοῦντο τοὺς Ἰουδαίους	1	they were afraid of the Jews	Here, **Jews** is a synecdoche for the “Jewish leaders” who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “they were afraid of what the Jewish leaders might do to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-JHN	9	22	j15m		ἐφοβοῦντο	1	afraid	This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to oneself or others.
-JHN	9	22	dgp7		αὐτὸν ὁμολογήσῃ Χριστόν…γένηται	1	would confess him to be the Christ	“would say that Jesus is the Christ”
-JHN	9	22	yjv9	figs-metaphor	ἀποσυνάγωγος	1	he would be thrown out of the synagogue	Here, **be thrown out of the synagogue** is a metaphor for no longer being allowed to go into the synagogue and no longer belonging to the group of people who attend services at the synagogue. Alternate translation: “he would not be allowed to go into the synagogue” or “he would no longer belong to the synagogue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	9	23	f9zl		ἡλικίαν ἔχει	1	He is an adult	“he is a man” or “he is no longer a child.” See how you translated this in [John 9:21](../09/21.md).
-JHN	9	24	h1tl		ἐφώνησαν…τὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	they called the man	Here, “they” refers to the Jews. ([John 9:18](../09/18.md))
+JHN	9	22	dgp7		αὐτὸν ὁμολογήσῃ Χριστόν	1	would confess him to be the Christ	“would say that Jesus is the Christ”
+JHN	9	22	yjv9	figs-metaphor	ἀποσυνάγωγος γένηται	1	he would be thrown out of the synagogue	Here, **put out of the synagogue** is a metaphor for no longer being allowed to go into the synagogue and no longer belonging to the group of people who attend services at the synagogue. Alternate translation: “he would not be allowed to go into the synagogue” or “he would no longer belong to the synagogue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	9	24	h1tl		ἐφώνησαν…τὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	they called the man	Here, **they** refers to the Jews. ([John 9:18](../09/18.md))
 JHN	9	24	bkx6	figs-idiom	δὸς δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ	1	Give glory to God	This is an idiom that people used when taking an oath. Alternate translation: “In the presence of God, tell the truth” or “Speak the truth before God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-JHN	9	24	ww3t		οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος	1	this man	This refers to Jesus.
+JHN	9	24	ww3t		οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος	1	this man	The man is referring to Jesus.
 JHN	9	25	sr93		ἐκεῖνος	1	that man	This refers to the man who had been blind.
 JHN	9	26	z2l2			0	Connecting Statement:	The Jews continue to speak to the man who had been blind.
-JHN	9	27	cf2d	figs-rquestion	τί πάλιν θέλετε ἀκούειν	1	Why do you want to hear it again?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the man’s amazement that the Jewish leaders have asked him to tell them again what happened. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that you want to hear again what happened to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	9	27	kpt6	figs-rquestion	μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς θέλετε αὐτοῦ μαθηταὶ γενέσθαι	1	You do not want to become his disciples too, do you?	You can state this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that you do not want to become his disciples.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	9	27	cf2d	figs-rquestion	τί πάλιν θέλετε ἀκούειν?	1	Why do you want to hear it again?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the man’s amazement that the Jewish leaders have asked him to tell them again what happened. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that you want to hear again what happened to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	9	27	kpt6	figs-rquestion	μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς θέλετε αὐτοῦ μαθηταὶ γενέσθαι?	1	You do not want to become his disciples too, do you?	You can state this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know that you do not want to become his disciples.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	9	27	rpav	figs-irony	μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς θέλετε αὐτοῦ μαθηταὶ γενέσθαι?	1		The man states this as a question to add irony to his statement. He knows that the Jewish leaders do not want to follow Jesus. Here he ridicules them. Alternate translation: “It sounds like you also want to become his disciples!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
 JHN	9	28	h7hy		σὺ μαθητὴς εἶ ἐκείνου	1	You are his disciple	“You are following Jesus!”
-JHN	9	28	z2tn	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς δὲ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ἐσμὲν μαθηταί	1	but we are disciples of Moses	The pronoun “we” is exclusive. The Jewish leaders are speaking only of themselves. Alternate translation: “but we are following Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-JHN	9	29	ye4k		ἡμεῖς οἴδαμεν ὅτι Μωϋσεῖ λελάληκεν ὁ Θεός	1	We know that God has spoken to Moses	“We are sure that God has spoken to Moses”
-JHN	9	29	vv43	figs-explicit	τοῦτον…οὐκ οἴδαμεν πόθεν ἐστίν	1	we do not know where this one is from	Here the Jewish leaders are referring to Jesus. They imply that he has no authority to call disciples. Alternate translation: “we do not know where he comes from or where he gets his authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	9	28	z2tn	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς δὲ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ἐσμὲν μαθηταί	1	but we are disciples of Moses	The pronoun **we** is exclusive. The Jewish leaders are speaking only of themselves. Alternate translation: “but we are following Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
+JHN	9	29	vv43	figs-explicit	τοῦτον…οὐκ οἴδαμεν πόθεν ἐστίν	1	we do not know where this one is from	Here the Jewish leaders refer to Jesus as **this one**, possibly in an effort not to speak his name. They imply that he has no authority to call disciples. Alternate translation: “we do not know where he comes from or where he gets his authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	9	30	i3gm	figs-explicit	ὅτι ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε πόθεν ἐστίν	1	that you do not know where he is from	The man is surprised that the Jewish leaders question Jesus’ authority when they know he has the power to heal. Alternate translation: “that you do not know where he gets his authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	9	31	e7ec		ἁμαρτωλῶν…οὐκ ἀκούει…τούτου ἀκούει	1	does not listen to sinners … listens to him	“does not answer the prayers of sinners … God answers his prayers”
 JHN	9	32	e89t			0	Connecting Statement:	The man who had been blind continues speaking to the Jews.
-JHN	9	32	b2xt	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἠκούσθη, ὅτι ἠνέῳξέν τις	1	it has never been heard that anyone opened	This is a passive statement. You can translate it in an active form. Alternate translation: “no one has ever heard of anyone who healed a man who was blind from birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JHN	9	33	tt5e	figs-doublenegatives	εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος παρὰ Θεοῦ, οὐκ ἠδύνατο ποιεῖν οὐδέν	1	If this man were not from God, he could do nothing	This sentence uses a double negative pattern. “Only a man from God could do something like that!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
-JHN	9	34	da3z	figs-rquestion	ἐν ἁμαρτίαις σὺ ἐγεννήθης ὅλος, καὶ σὺ διδάσκεις ἡμᾶς	1	You were completely born in sins, and you are teaching us?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. It also implies that the man was born blind because of the sins of his parents. Alternate translation: “You were born as a result of your parents’ sins. You are not qualified to teach us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	9	32	b2xt	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ἠκούσθη, ὅτι ἠνέῳξέν τις ὀφθαλμοὺς τυφλοῦ γεγεννημένου	1	it has never been heard that anyone opened	This is a passive statement. You can translate it in an active form. Alternate translation: “no one has ever heard of anyone who healed a man who was blind from birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+JHN	9	33	tt5e	figs-doublenegatives	εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος παρὰ Θεοῦ, οὐκ ἠδύνατο ποιεῖν οὐδέν	1	If this man were not from God, he could do nothing	This sentence uses a double negative pattern to emphasize the positive fact that Jesus must be from God. Alternate translation: “Only a man from God could do something like that!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
+JHN	9	34	da3z	figs-rquestion	ἐν ἁμαρτίαις σὺ ἐγεννήθης ὅλος, καὶ σὺ διδάσκεις ἡμᾶς?	1	You were completely born in sins, and you are teaching us?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. It also implies that the man was born blind because of the sins of his parents. Alternate translation: “You were born as a result of your parents’ sins. You are not qualified to teach us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	9	34	kl2x		ἐξέβαλον αὐτὸν ἔξω	1	they threw him out	“they threw him out of the synagogue”
 JHN	9	35	z6r9			0	General Information:	Jesus finds the man whom he healed ([John 9:1-7](./01.md)) and begins to speak to him and the crowd.
-JHN	9	35	rpb5		πιστεύεις εἰς	1	believe in	This means to “believe in Jesus,” to believe that he is the Son of God, to trust him as Savior, and live in a way that honors him.
+JHN	9	35	rpb5		σὺ πιστεύεις εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	believe in	This means to believe in Jesus as the Son of Man.
 JHN	9	35	tw58		τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	the Son of Man	Here the reader needs to understand that Jesus was speaking as if **the Son of Man** were another person. The man who had been born blind did not realize that Jesus was speaking of himself when he spoke of “the Son of Man.” You should translate so that the man does not learn that Jesus is the Son of Man until verse 37.
-JHN	9	39	azp3	figs-metonymy	εἰς τὸν κόσμον τοῦτον ἦλθον	1	came into this world	The “world” is a metonym for “the people who live in the world.” Alternate translation: “came to live among the people of this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	9	39	te5y	figs-metaphor	ἵνα οἱ μὴ βλέποντες, βλέπωσιν; καὶ οἱ βλέποντες, τυφλοὶ γένωνται	1	so that those who do not see may see and so that those who see may become blind	Here, **seeing** and **blindness** are metaphors. Jesus distinguishes between people who are spiritually blind and physically blind. Alternate translation: “so that those who are blind spiritually, but who want to see God, can see him, and those who already falsely think they can see God will remain in their blindness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	9	39	azp3	figs-metonymy	εἰς τὸν κόσμον τοῦτον ἦλθον	1	came into this world	Here, **the world** is a metonym for “the people who live in the world.” Alternate translation: “came to live among the people of this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	9	39	te5y	figs-metaphor	ἵνα οἱ μὴ βλέποντες, βλέπωσιν; καὶ οἱ βλέποντες, τυφλοὶ γένωνται	1	so that those who do not see may see and so that those who see may become blind	Here, **seeing** and **becoming blind** are metaphors. Jesus distinguishes between people who are spiritually blind and physically blind. Alternate translation: “so that those who are blind spiritually, but who want to see God, can see him, and those who already falsely think they can see God will remain in their blindness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	9	40	d8mm		μὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς τυφλοί ἐσμεν	1	Are we also blind?	“Do you think we are spiritually blind?”
-JHN	9	41	rh3l	figs-metaphor	εἰ τυφλοὶ ἦτε, οὐκ ἂν εἴχετε ἁμαρτίαν	1	If you were blind, you would have no sin	Here, **blindness** is a metaphor for not knowing God’s truth. Alternate translation: “If you wanted to know God’s truth, you would be able to receive your sight.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	9	41	jmq7	figs-metaphor	νῦν δὲ λέγετε, ὅτι βλέπομεν, ἡ ἁμαρτία ὑμῶν μένει	1	but now you say, ‘We see,’ so your sin remains	Here, **seeing** is a metaphor for knowing God’s truth. Alternate translation: “Since you falsely think that you already know God’s truth, you will remain blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	9	41	rh3l	figs-metaphor	εἰ τυφλοὶ ἦτε, οὐκ ἂν εἴχετε ἁμαρτίαν	1	If you were blind, you would have no sin	Here to be **blind** is a metaphor for not knowing God’s truth. Alternate translation: “If you did not know God’s truth, you would not be guilty of sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	9	41	jmq7	figs-metaphor	νῦν δὲ λέγετε, ὅτι βλέπομεν, ἡ ἁμαρτία ὑμῶν μένει	1	but now you say, ‘We see,’ so your sin remains	Here, to **see** is a metaphor for knowing God’s truth. Alternate translation: “Since you falsely think that you already know God’s truth, you will remain blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	10	intro	e8mb			0		# John 10 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Blasphemy<br><br>When a person claims that he is God or that God has told him to speak when God has not told him to speak, this is called blasphemy. The law of Moses commanded the Israelites to kill blasphemers by stoning them to death. When Jesus said, “I and the Father are one,” the Jews thought he was blaspheming, so they took up stones to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>### Sheep<br><br>Jesus spoke of people as sheep because sheep do not see well, they do not think well, they often walk away from those who care for them, and they cannot defend themselves when other animals attack them. God’s people also rebel against him and do not know when they are doing wrong.<br><br>### Sheep pen<br><br>A sheep pen was a space with a stone wall around it in which shepherds would keep their sheep. Once they were inside the sheep pen, the sheep could not run away, and animals and thieves could not easily get inside to kill or steal them.<br><br>### Laying down and taking up life<br><br>Jesus speaks of his life as if it were a physical object that he could lay down on the ground, a metaphor for dying, or pick up again, a metaphor for becoming alive again.
 JHN	10	1	gzd8	figs-parables		0	General Information:	Jesus begins to speak in parables. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
 JHN	10	1	ab9x			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues to speak to the Pharisees. This is the same part of the story which began in [John 9:35](../09/35.md).
 JHN	10	1	i3tj		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
 JHN	10	1	xq1f		αὐλὴν τῶν προβάτων	1	sheep pen	This is a fenced area where a shepherd keeps his sheep.
-JHN	10	1	zz7x	figs-doublet	κλέπτης…καὶ λῃστής	1	a thief and a robber	This is the use of two words with similar meanings to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+JHN	10	1	zz7x	figs-doublet	κλέπτης…καὶ λῃστής	1	a thief and a robber	This is the use of two terms with similar meanings to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 JHN	10	3	uy2v		τούτῳ ὁ θυρωρὸς ἀνοίγει	1	The gatekeeper opens for him	“The gatekeeper opens the gate for the shepherd”
-JHN	10	3	iac4		ὁ θυρωρὸς	1	The gatekeeper	This is a hired man who watches the gate of the sheep pen at night while the shepherd is away.
-JHN	10	3	db3c		τὰ πρόβατα τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούει	1	The sheep hear his voice	“The sheep hear the shepherd’s voice”
+JHN	10	3	iac4		ὁ θυρωρὸς	1	The gatekeeper	The **gatekeeper** is a hired man who watches the gate of the sheep pen at night while the shepherd is away.
+JHN	10	3	db3c		τὰ πρόβατα τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούει	1	The sheep hear his voice	“the sheep recognize the shepherd’s voice”
 JHN	10	4	n1ta		ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν πορεύεται	1	he goes ahead of them	“he walks in front of them”
 JHN	10	4	z8dm		ὅτι οἴδασιν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ	1	for they know his voice	“because they recognize his voice”
 JHN	10	6	x5yl		ἐκεῖνοι…οὐκ ἔγνωσαν	1	they did not understand	Possible meanings: (1) “the disciples did not understand” (2) “the crowd did not understand.”
@@ -734,37 +720,37 @@ JHN	10	7	q3na			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus begins to explain the meaning of t
 JHN	10	7	q4hs		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν	1	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
 JHN	10	7	nj4k	figs-metaphor	ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ θύρα τῶν προβάτων	1	I am the gate of the sheep	Here, **gate** is a metaphor that means Jesus provides access into the sheepfold where God’s people dwell in his presence. Alternate translation: “I am like the gate that the sheep use to enter into the sheepfold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	10	8	k4z6	figs-explicit	πάντες ὅσοι ἦλθον πρὸ ἐμοῦ	1	Everyone who came before me	This refers to other teachers who have taught the people, including the Pharisees and other Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “All of the teachers who came without my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	10	8	hqq3	figs-metaphor	κλέπται…καὶ λῃσταί	1	a thief and a robber	These words are metaphors. Jesus calls those teachers “a thief and a robber” because their teachings were false, and they were trying to lead God’s people while not understanding the truth. As a result, they deceived the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	10	8	hqq3	figs-metaphor	κλέπται…καὶ λῃσταί	1	a thief and a robber	These terms are metaphors. Jesus calls every one of those teachers **a thief and a robber** because their teachings were false, and they were trying to lead God’s people while not understanding the truth. As a result, they deceived the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	10	9	yp3g	figs-metaphor	ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ θύρα	1	I am the gate	Here, **gate** is a metaphor. By referring to himself as “the gate,” Jesus is showing that he offers a true way to enter the kingdom of God. Alternate translation: “I myself am like that gate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	10	9	in9p		νομὴν	1	pasture	The word **pasture** means a grassy area where sheep eat.
 JHN	10	10	h2gf	figs-doublenegatives	οὐκ ἔρχεται εἰ μὴ ἵνα κλέψῃ	1	does not come if he would not steal	This is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to use a positive statement. Alternate translation: “comes only to steal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
-JHN	10	10	h56c	figs-metaphor	κλέψῃ, καὶ θύσῃ, καὶ ἀπολέσῃ	1	steal and kill and destroy	Here the implied metaphor is “sheep,” which represents God’s people. Alternate translation: “steal and kill and destroy the sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	10	10	j2k6		ἵνα ζωὴν ἔχωσιν	1	so that they will have life	The word **they** refers to the sheep. “Life” refers to eternal life. Alternate translation: “so that they will really live, lacking nothing”
+JHN	10	10	h56c	figs-metaphor	κλέψῃ, καὶ θύσῃ, καὶ ἀπολέσῃ	1	steal and kill and destroy	Here the implied metaphor is “sheep,” which represents God’s people. Alternate translation: “he might steal and kill and destroy the sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	10	10	j2k6		ἵνα ζωὴν ἔχωσιν	1	so that they will have life	The word **they** refers to the sheep, and **life** refers to eternal life. Alternate translation: “so that they will really live, lacking nothing”
 JHN	10	11	x196			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues his parable about the good shepherd.
 JHN	10	11	xs4m	figs-metaphor	ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός	1	I am the good shepherd	Here, **good shepherd** is a metaphor that represents Jesus. Alternate translation: “I am like a good shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	10	11	llr4	figs-euphemism	τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ τίθησιν	1	lays down his life	To lay down something means to give up control of it. It is a mild way to refer to dying. Alternate translation: “dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-JHN	10	12	ym8w	figs-metaphor	ὁ μισθωτὸς	1	The hired servant	The “hired servant” is a metaphor that represents the Jewish leaders and teachers. Alternate translation: “The one who is like a hired servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	10	11	llr4	figs-euphemism	τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ τίθησιν	1	lays down his life	To “lay down” something means to give up control of it. It is a mild way to refer to dying. Alternate translation: “dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
+JHN	10	12	ym8w	figs-metaphor	ὁ μισθωτὸς	1	The hired servant	The **hired servant** is a metaphor that represents the Jewish leaders and teachers. Alternate translation: “the one who is like a hired servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	10	12	ue4m	figs-metaphor	ἀφίησιν τὰ πρόβατα	1	abandons the sheep	Here the word **sheep** is a metaphor that represents God’s people. Like a hired servant who abandons the sheep, Jesus says that the Jewish leaders and teachers do not care for God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	10	13	szr8	figs-metaphor	οὐ μέλει…περὶ τῶν προβάτων	1	does not care for the sheep	Here the word **sheep** is a metaphor that represents God’s people. Like a hired servant who abandons the sheep, Jesus says that the Jewish leaders and teachers do not care for God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	10	13	szr8	figs-metaphor	οὐ μέλει αὐτῷ περὶ τῶν προβάτων	1	does not care for the sheep	Here the word **sheep** is a metaphor that represents God’s people. Like a hired servant who abandons the sheep, Jesus says that the Jewish leaders and teachers do not care for God’s people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	10	14	fg93	figs-metaphor	ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός	1	I am the good shepherd	Here the **good shepherd** is a metaphor for Jesus. Alternate translation: “I am like a good shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	10	15	qr9g	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	γινώσκει με ὁ Πατὴρ, κἀγὼ γινώσκω τὸν Πατέρα	1	The Father knows me, and I know the Father	God the Father and God the Son know each other unlike anyone else knows them. “Father” is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	10	15	qr9g	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	γινώσκει με ὁ Πατὴρ, κἀγὼ γινώσκω τὸν Πατέρα	1	The Father knows me, and I know the Father	God the **Father** and God the Son **know** each other unlike anyone else knows them. **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	10	15	pn9w	figs-euphemism	τὴν ψυχήν μου τίθημι ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων	1	I lay down my life for the sheep	This is a mild way for Jesus to say that he will die to protect his sheep. Alternate translation: “I die for the sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 JHN	10	16	y3g7	figs-metaphor	ἄλλα πρόβατα ἔχω	1	I have other sheep	Here, **other sheep** is a metaphor for followers of Jesus who are not Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	10	16	w86n	figs-metaphor	μία ποίμνη, εἷς ποιμήν	1	one flock and one shepherd	Here, **flock** and **shepherd** are metaphors. All of Jesus’s followers, Jews and non-Jews, will be like one flock of sheep. He will be like a shepherd who cares for all of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	10	17	kd16			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd.
 JHN	10	17	i59j		διὰ τοῦτό, με ὁ Πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ, ὅτι ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου	1	This is why the Father loves me: I lay down my life	God’s eternal plan was for God the Son to give his life to pay for the sins of humanity. Jesus’ death on the cross reveals the intense love of the Son for the Father and of the Father for the Son.
-JHN	10	17	kpr5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	10	17	kpr5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	10	17	px17		ἀγαπᾷ	1	loves	This kind of love comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
 JHN	10	17	wc4l	figs-euphemism	ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν	1	I lay down my life so that I may take it again	This is a mild way for Jesus to say he will die and then will become alive again. Alternate translation: “I allow myself to die in order that I may bring myself back to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
-JHN	10	18	j945	figs-rpronouns	ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ	1	I lay it down of myself	The reflexive pronoun **myself** is used here to emphasize that Jesus lays down his own life. No one takes it from him. Alternate translation: “I myself lay it down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
+JHN	10	18	j945	figs-rpronouns	ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ	1	I lay it down of myself	The reflexive pronoun **myself** is used here to emphasize that Jesus voluntarily lays down his own life. No one takes it from him. Alternate translation: “I myself lay it down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
 JHN	10	18	s13n	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ταύτην τὴν ἐντολὴν ἔλαβον παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	I have received this command from my Father	“This is what my Father has commanded me to do.” The word **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	10	19	wft1			0	Connecting Statement:	These verses tell how the Jews responded to what Jesus had said.
-JHN	10	20	gm3r	figs-rquestion	τί αὐτοῦ ἀκούετε	1	Why do you listen to him?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize the point that the people should not listen to Jesus. Alternate translation: “Do not listen to him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	10	21	mj2b	figs-rquestion	δαιμόνιον δύναται τυφλῶν ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀνοῖξαι	1	Can a demon open the eyes of the blind?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “Certainly a demon cannot cause a blind man to see!” or “Certainly a demon cannot give sight to blind people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	10	20	gm3r	figs-rquestion	τί αὐτοῦ ἀκούετε?	1	Why do you listen to him?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize the point that the people should not listen to Jesus. Alternate translation: “Do not listen to him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	10	21	mj2b	figs-rquestion	μὴ δαιμόνιον δύναται τυφλῶν ὀφθαλμοὺς ἀνοῖξαι?	1	Can a demon open the eyes of the blind?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “Certainly a demon cannot cause a blind man to see!” or “Certainly a demon cannot give sight to blind people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	10	22	f9cm	writing-background		0	General Information:	During the Festival of Dedication, some Jews begin to question Jesus. Verses 22 and 23 give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	10	22	w25f		ἐνκαίνια	1	Festival of the Dedication	This is an eight-day, winter holiday Jews use to remember a miracle where God made a small amount of oil remain lit in a lampstand for eight days. They lit the lampstand to dedicate the Jewish temple to God. To dedicate something is to promise to use it for a special purpose.
-JHN	10	23	v6wn	figs-explicit	περιεπάτει ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ	1	Jesus was walking in the temple	The area where Jesus was walking was actually a courtyard that was outside the temple building. Alternate translation: “Jesus was walking in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	10	23	cs2b		στοᾷ	1	porch	This is a structure attached to the entrance of a building; it has a roof and it may or may not have walls.
+JHN	10	23	v6wn	figs-explicit	περιεπάτει ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ	1	Jesus was walking in the temple	The area where **Jesus was walking** was actually a courtyard that was outside **the temple** building. Alternate translation: “Jesus was walking in the temple courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	10	23	cs2b		στοᾷ	1	porch	A **porch** is a structure attached to the entrance of a building; it has a roof and it may or may not have walls.
 JHN	10	24	m8ja	figs-synecdoche	ἐκύκλωσαν οὖν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	Then the Jews surrounded him	Here, **Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “Then the Jewish leaders surrounded him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	10	24	nk9t	figs-idiom	τὴν ψυχὴν ἡμῶν αἴρεις	1	hold us doubting	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “keep us wondering” or “keep us from knowing for sure?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JHN	10	25	cb95			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus begins to respond to the Jews.
@@ -773,10 +759,10 @@ JHN	10	25	bqz1	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1		**Fa
 JHN	10	25	n34x	figs-personification	ταῦτα μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ	1	these testify concerning me	His miracles offer proof about him like a person who testifies would offer proof in a court of law. Alternate translation: “offer proof concerning me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 JHN	10	26	als6	figs-metaphor	οὐκ…ἐκ τῶν προβάτων τῶν ἐμῶν	1	not my sheep	The word **sheep** is a metaphor for the followers of Jesus. Alternate translation: “not my followers” or “not my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	10	27	rdw7	figs-metaphor	τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἐμὰ τῆς φωνῆς μου ἀκούουσιν	1	My sheep hear my voice	The word **sheep** is a metaphor for the followers of Jesus. The metaphor of Jesus as the “shepherd” is also implied. Alternate translation: “Just as sheep obey the voice of their true shepherd, my followers heed my voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	10	28	bpx3	figs-metonymy	οὐχ ἁρπάσει…αὐτὰ ἐκ τῆς χειρός μου	1	no one will snatch them out of my hand	Here the word **hand** is a metonym that represents the protective care of Jesus. Alternate translation: “no one will steal them away from me” or “they will remain secure forever in my care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	10	29	g82a	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Πατήρ μου ὃς δέδωκέν μοι	1	My Father, who has given them to me	The word **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	10	29	k1ya	figs-metonymy	τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ Πατρός	1	the hand of the Father	The word **hand** is a metonym that refers to God’s possession and protective care. Alternate translation: “No one can steal them from my Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	10	30	rs4j	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν	1	I and the Father are one	Jesus, God the Son, and God the Father are one. The word **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	10	28	bpx3	figs-metonymy	οὐχ ἁρπάσει τις αὐτὰ ἐκ τῆς χειρός μου	1	no one will snatch them out of my hand	Here the word **hand** is a metonym that represents the protective care of Jesus. Alternate translation: “no one will steal any of them away from me” or “they all will remain secure forever in my care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	10	29	g82a	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Πατήρ μου ὃς δέδωκέν μοι	1	My Father, who has given them to me	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	10	29	k1ya	figs-metonymy	ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ Πατρός	1	the hand of the Father	Here, **hand** is a metonym that refers to God’s possession and protective care. Alternate translation: “from my Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	10	30	rs4j	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν	1	I and the Father are one	Jesus, God the Son, and God the Father are **one**. The word **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	10	31	fl8i	figs-synecdoche	ἐβάστασαν πάλιν λίθους οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	Then the Jews took up stones	The word **Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “Then the Jewish leaders started picking up stones again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	10	32	t5q8	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, πολλὰ ἔργα καλὰ ἔδειξα ὑμῖν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρός	1	Jesus answered them, “I have shown you many good works from the Father	Jesus performed the miracles by the power of God. The word **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	10	32	tx8h	figs-irony	διὰ ποῖον αὐτῶν ἔργον, ἐμὲ λιθάζετε	1	For which of those works are you stoning me?	This question uses irony. Jesus knows the Jewish leaders do not want to stone him because he has done good works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@@ -786,42 +772,41 @@ JHN	10	34	qi82	figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν 
 JHN	10	34	b3gp		θεοί ἐστε	1	You are gods	Here Jesus quotes a scripture where God calls his followers **gods**, perhaps because he has chosen them to represent him on earth.
 JHN	10	35	m8ji	figs-metaphor	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐγένετο	1	the word of God came	Jesus speaks of God’s message as though it were a person who moved toward those who heard it. Alternate translation: “God spoke his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	10	35	u9j2		οὐ δύναται λυθῆναι ἡ Γραφή	1	the scripture cannot be broken	This could mean: (1) No one can change the scripture. (2) The scripture will always be true.
-JHN	10	36	dvp5	figs-rquestion	ὃν ὁ Πατὴρ ἡγίασεν καὶ ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὑμεῖς λέγετε, ὅτι βλασφημεῖς, ὅτι εἶπον, Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰμι	1	do you say to him whom the Father set apart and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’?	Jesus used this question to rebuke his opponents for saying that he was blaspheming when he called himself “the Son of God.” Alternate translation: “you should not say to the very one whom the Father set apart to send into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ when I say that I am the Son of God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	10	36	dvp5	figs-rquestion	ὃν ὁ Πατὴρ ἡγίασεν καὶ ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὑμεῖς λέγετε, ὅτι βλασφημεῖς, ὅτι εἶπον, Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰμι?	1	do you say to him whom the Father set apart and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’?	Jesus used this question to rebuke his opponents for saying that he was blaspheming when he called himself “the Son of God.” Alternate translation: “you should not say to the very one whom the Father set apart to send into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ when I say that I am the Son of God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	10	36	fj9f		βλασφημεῖς	1	You are blaspheming	“You are insulting God.” Jesus’ opponents understood that when said that he is the Son of God, he was implying that he is equal with God.
-JHN	10	36	rax1	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ…Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Father … Son of God	These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	10	36	rax1	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ … Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Father … Son of God	These are important titles that describe the relationship between **God** and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	10	37	wyd2			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus finishes responding to the Jews.
-JHN	10	37	us7v	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατρός	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	10	37	vk1v		πιστεύετέ μοι	1	believe me	Here the word **believe** means to accept or trust what Jesus said is true.
-JHN	10	38	k2zf		τοῖς ἔργοις πιστεύετε	1	believe in the works	Here, **believe in** is to acknowledge that the works Jesus does are from the Father.
-JHN	10	38	t8uf	figs-idiom	ἐν ἐμοὶ ὁ Πατὴρ, κἀγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρί	1	the Father is in me and that I am in the Father	These are idioms that express the close personal relationship between God and Jesus. Alternate translation: “My Father and I are completely joined together as one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-JHN	10	39	eqh1	figs-metonymy	ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῶν	1	went away out of their hand	The word **hand** is a metonym that represents the custody or possession of the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “got away from them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	10	40	b41s	figs-explicit	πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου	1	beyond the Jordan	Jesus had been on the west side of the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “to the east side of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	10	37	us7v	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατρός	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	10	37	vk1v		μὴ πιστεύετέ μοι	1	believe me	Here the word **believe** means to accept or trust what Jesus said is true.
+JHN	10	38	k2zf		τοῖς ἔργοις πιστεύετε	1	believe in the works	Here, **believe in** is to acknowledge that the **works** Jesus does are from the Father.
+JHN	10	38	t8uf	figs-idiom	ἐν ἐμοὶ ὁ Πατὴρ, κἀγὼ ἐν τῷ Πατρί	1	the Father is in me and that I am in the Father	These are idioms that express the close personal relationship between God and Jesus. Alternate translation: “my Father and I are completely joined together as one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+JHN	10	39	eqh1	figs-metonymy	ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῶν	1	went away out of their hand	The word **hand** is a metonym that represents the custody or possession of the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “he got away from them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	10	40	b41s	figs-explicit	πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου	1	beyond the Jordan	Jesus had been on the west side of the **Jordan** River. Alternate translation: “to the east side of the Jordan River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	10	40	f5dx	figs-explicit	ἔμεινεν ἐκεῖ	1	he stayed there	Jesus remained on the east side of Jordan for a short period of time. Alternate translation: “Jesus stayed there for several days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	10	41	m1pl		Ἰωάννης μὲν σημεῖον ἐποίησεν οὐδέν; πάντα δὲ ὅσα εἶπεν Ἰωάννης περὶ τούτου ἀληθῆ ἦν	1	John indeed did no signs, but all the things that John has said about this man are true	“It is true that John did no signs, but he certainly did speak the truth about this man, who does signs.”
-JHN	10	41	lw9n		σημεῖον	1	signs	These are miracles that prove that something is true or that give someone credibility.
 JHN	10	42	ieh5		ἐπίστευσαν εἰς	1	believed in	Here, **believed in** means accepted or trusted what Jesus said was true.
 JHN	11	intro	tks5			0		# John 11 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>### Passover<br><br>After Jesus made Lazarus become alive again, the Jewish leaders were trying hard to kill him, so he started traveling from place to place in secret. Now the Pharisees knew that he would probably come to Jerusalem for the Passover because God had commanded all Jewish men to celebrate the Passover in Jerusalem, so they planned to catch him and kill him then. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “One man dies for the people”<br><br>The law of Moses commanded the priests to kill animals so that God would forgive the people’s sins. The high priest Caiaphas said, “It is better for you that one man dies for the people than that the whole nation perishes” ([John 11:50](../../jhn/11/50.md)). He said this because he loved his “place” and “nation” ([John 11:48](../../jhn/11/48.md)) more than he loved the God who had made Lazarus become alive again. He wanted Jesus to die so that the Romans would not destroy the temple and Jerusalem, but God wanted Jesus to die so that he could forgive all of his people’s sins.<br><br>### Hypothetical situation<br><br>When Martha said, “If you had been here, my brother would not have died,” she was speaking of a situation that could have happened but did not happen. Jesus had not come, and her brother had died.
 JHN	11	1	fsf7	writing-participants		0	General Information:	These verses introduce the story of Lazarus and give background information about him and his sister Mary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
-JHN	11	2	c6r9	writing-background	ἦν δὲ Μαρία ἡ ἀλείψασα τὸν Κύριον μύρῳ, καὶ ἐκμάξασα τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ ταῖς θριξὶν αὐτῆς	1	It was Mary who anointed the Lord … her hair	As John introduces Mary, the sister of Martha, he also shares information concerning what would later happen in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+JHN	11	2	c6r9	writing-background	ἦν δὲ Μαρία ἡ ἀλείψασα τὸν Κύριον μύρῳ, καὶ ἐκμάξασα τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ ταῖς θριξὶν αὐτῆς	1	It was Mary who anointed the Lord … her hair	As John introduces **Mary**, the sister of Martha, he also shares information concerning what would later happen in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	11	3	i2ar		ἀπέστειλαν…πρὸς αὐτὸν	1	sent for Jesus	“asked Jesus to come”
 JHN	11	3	czm1		φιλεῖς	1	love	Here, **love** refers to brotherly love, a natural, human love between friends or relatives.
-JHN	11	4	nk3g	figs-explicit	αὕτη ἡ ἀσθένεια οὐκ ἔστιν πρὸς θάνατον	1	This sickness is not to death	Jesus implies that he knows what will happen related to Lazarus and his sickness. Alternate translation: “Death will not be the final result of this sickness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	11	4	k8d3		θάνατον	1	death	This refers to physical death.
+JHN	11	4	nk3g	figs-explicit	αὕτη ἡ ἀσθένεια οὐκ ἔστιν πρὸς θάνατον	1	This sickness is not to death	Jesus implies that he knows what will happen related to Lazarus and his **sickness**. Alternate translation: “Death will not be the final result of this sickness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	11	4	k8d3		θάνατον	1	death	This refers to physical **death**.
 JHN	11	4	q343	figs-explicit	ἀλλ’ ὑπὲρ τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα δοξασθῇ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ δι’ αὐτῆς	1	instead it is for the glory of God so that the Son of God may be glorified by it	Jesus implies that he knows what the outcome will be. Alternate translation: “but the purpose is that the people might see how great God is because of what his power will allow me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	11	4	ad99	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	11	5	j6r4	writing-background	ἠγάπα δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὴν Μάρθαν, καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτῆς, καὶ τὸν Λάζαρον	1	Now Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus	This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	11	8	y4jm	figs-rquestion	Ῥαββεί, νῦν ἐζήτουν σε λιθάσαι οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, καὶ πάλιν ὑπάγεις ἐκεῖ	1	Rabbi, right now the Jews are trying to stone you, and you are going back there again?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples do not want Jesus to go to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Teacher, you surely do not want to go back there! The Jews were trying to stone you the last time you were there!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	11	8	p4x9	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews	This is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-JHN	11	9	uv34	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ δώδεκα ὧραί εἰσιν τῆς ἡμέρας	1	Are there not twelve hours of light in a day?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You know that the day has twelve hours of light!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	11	9	ln4r	figs-metaphor	ἐάν τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, οὐ προσκόπτει, ὅτι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου βλέπει	1	If someone walks in the daytime, he will not stumble, because he sees by the light of this world	People who walk in the light of the day can see well and do not stumble. “Light” is a metaphor for “truth.” Jesus is implying that people who live according to truth will be able to successfully do the things that God wants them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	11	8	y4jm	figs-rquestion	Ῥαββεί, νῦν ἐζήτουν σε λιθάσαι οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, καὶ πάλιν ὑπάγεις ἐκεῖ?	1	Rabbi, right now the Jews are trying to stone you, and you are going back there again?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples do not want Jesus to go to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Teacher, you surely do not want to go back there! The Jews were trying to stone you the last time you were there!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	11	8	p4x9	figs-synecdoche	οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι	1	the Jews	Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+JHN	11	9	uv34	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ δώδεκα ὧραί εἰσιν τῆς ἡμέρας?	1	Are there not twelve hours of light in a day?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You know that the day has twelve hours of light!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	11	9	ln4r	figs-metaphor	ἐάν τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, οὐ προσκόπτει, ὅτι τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου βλέπει	1	If someone walks in the daytime, he will not stumble, because he sees by the light of this world	People who walk in the light of the day can see well and do not stumble. Here, **light** is a metaphor for “truth.” Jesus is implying that people who live according to truth will be able to successfully do the things that God wants them to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	11	10	hel4			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
 JHN	11	10	vm6h	figs-metaphor	ἐὰν…τις περιπατῇ ἐν τῇ νυκτί	1	if he walks at night	Here, **night** is a metaphor that refers to one’s walking without God’s light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	11	10	c3im		τὸ φῶς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῷ	1	the light is not in him	This could mean: (1) He cannot see. (2) He does not have God’s light.
 JHN	11	11	bev5	figs-idiom	Λάζαρος ὁ φίλος ἡμῶν κεκοίμηται	1	Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep	Here, **fallen asleep** is an idiom that means Lazarus has died. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-JHN	11	11	ze1z	figs-idiom	ἀλλὰ πορεύομαι ἵνα ἐξυπνίσω αὐτόν	1	but I am going so that I may wake him out of sleep	The words **wake him out of sleep** form an idiom. Jesus is revealing his plan to bring Lazurus back to life. If you have an idiom for this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+JHN	11	11	ze1z	figs-idiom	ἀλλὰ πορεύομαι ἵνα ἐξυπνίσω αὐτόν	1	but I am going so that I may wake him out of sleep	The phrase **wake him out of sleep** is an idiom. Jesus is revealing his plan to bring Lazurus back to life. If you have an idiom for this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JHN	11	12	e5k2	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 13 there is a break in the story line as John comments on the disciples’ misunderstanding about what Jesus meant when he said Lazarus was asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	11	12	hn2j		εἰ κεκοίμηται	1	if he has fallen asleep	The disciples misunderstand Jesus to mean that Lazarus is resting and will recover.
-JHN	11	14	azy3		τότε…εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς παρρησίᾳ	1	Then Jesus said to them plainly	“So Jesus told them in words that they could understand”
+JHN	11	14	azy3		τότε…εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς παρρησίᾳ	1	Then Jesus said to them plainly	“Jesus told them in words that they could understand”
 JHN	11	15	c2wh			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
 JHN	11	15	c4wj		δι’ ὑμᾶς	1	for your sakes	“for your benefit”
 JHN	11	15	ar2j		ἵνα πιστεύσητε, ὅτι οὐκ ἤμην ἐκεῖ	1	that I was not there so that you may believe	“that I was not there. Because of this you will learn to trust me more.”
@@ -829,68 +814,67 @@ JHN	11	16	dzc3	figs-activepassive	ὁ λεγόμενος Δίδυμος	1	who wa
 JHN	11	16	ymy6	translate-names	Δίδυμος	1	Didymus	This is a male name that means “twin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 JHN	11	17	p5ya	writing-background		0	General Information:	Jesus is now in Bethany. These verses give background information about the setting and about what has happened before Jesus arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	11	17	we1k	figs-activepassive	εὗρεν αὐτὸν, τέσσαρας ἤδη ἡμέρας ἔχοντα ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ	1	he found that Lazarus had already been in the tomb for four days	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “he learned that people had put Lazarus in a tomb four days before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JHN	11	18	d35v	translate-bdistance	ἀπὸ σταδίων δεκαπέντε	1	fifteen stadia away	“about three kilometers away.” A “stadium” is 185 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
-JHN	11	19	m26v	figs-explicit	περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ	1	about their brother	Lazarus was their younger brother. Alternate translation: “about their younger brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	11	21	ef5h	figs-explicit	οὐκ ἂν ἀπέθανεν ὁ ἀδελφός μου	1	my brother would not have died	Lazarus was the younger brother. Alternate translation: “my younger brother would still be alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	11	23	j8p2	figs-explicit	ἀναστήσεται ὁ ἀδελφός σου	1	Your brother will rise again	Lazarus was the younger brother. Alternate translation: “Your younger brother will become alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	11	18	d35v	translate-bdistance	ἀπὸ σταδίων δεκαπέντε	1	fifteen stadia away	“about three kilometers away.” A “stadium” is 185 meters. The plural form of “stadium” is **stadia**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
+JHN	11	19	m26v	figs-explicit	περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ	1	about their brother	Lazarus was their **brother**. Alternate translation: “about their brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	11	21	ef5h	figs-explicit	οὐκ ἂν ἀπέθανεν ὁ ἀδελφός μου	1	my brother would not have died	Lazarus was the brother. Alternate translation: “my brother would still be alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	11	23	j8p2	figs-explicit	ἀναστήσεται ὁ ἀδελφός σου	1	Your brother will rise again	Lazarus was the brother. Alternate translation: “Your brother will become alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	11	24	z7el		ἀναστήσεται	1	he will rise again	“he will become alive again”
 JHN	11	25	chs2		κἂν ἀποθάνῃ	1	even if he dies	Here, **dies** refers to physical death.
-JHN	11	25	ef7a		ζήσεται	1	will live	Here, **live** refers to spiritual life.
+JHN	11	25	ef7a		ζήσεται	1	will live	Here, **will live** refers to spiritual life.
 JHN	11	26	a6gs		πᾶς ὁ ζῶν καὶ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ, οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα	1	whoever lives and believes in me will never die	“those who live and trust in me will never be separated eternally from God” or “those who live and trust in me will be spiritually alive with God forever”
 JHN	11	26	fue3		οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα	1	will never die	Here, **die** refers to spiritual death.
 JHN	11	27	mk4e		λέγει αὐτῷ	1	She said to him	“Martha said to Jesus”
-JHN	11	27	zd3n		ναί, Κύριε; ἐγὼ πεπίστευκα ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς, ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ εἰς τὸν κόσμον ἐρχόμενος	1	Yes, Lord, I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God … coming into the world	Martha believes that Jesus is Lord, the Christ (the Messiah), the Son of God.
+JHN	11	27	zd3n		ναί, Κύριε; ἐγὼ πεπίστευκα ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς, ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ εἰς τὸν κόσμον ἐρχόμενος	1	Yes, Lord, I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God … coming into the world	Martha believes that Jesus is Lord, the **Christ** (the Messiah), the **Son of God**.
 JHN	11	27	y83q	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	11	28	yd61	figs-explicit	ἀπῆλθεν, καὶ ἐφώνησεν Μαριὰμ, τὴν ἀδελφὴν αὐτῆς	1	she went away and called her sister Mary	Mary is the younger sister of Martha. Alternate translation: “she went away and called her younger sister Mary” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	11	28	zs2t		διδάσκαλος	1	Teacher	This is a title referring to Jesus.
+JHN	11	28	zs2t		διδάσκαλος	1	Teacher	**Teacher** is a title referring to Jesus.
 JHN	11	28	fv8f		φωνεῖ σε	1	is calling for you	“is asking that you come”
 JHN	11	30	k5hy	writing-background	οὔπω δὲ ἐληλύθει ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὴν κώμην	1	Now Jesus had not yet come into the village	Here John provides a brief break in the story to give background information regarding the location of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	11	32	zmp7		ἔπεσεν αὐτοῦ πρὸς τοὺς πόδας	1	fell down at his feet	Mary lay down or knelt at the feet of Jesus to show respect.
-JHN	11	32	j2wr	figs-explicit	οὐκ ἄν μου ἀπέθανεν ὁ ἀδελφός	1	my brother would not have died	Lazarus was Mary’s younger brother. See how you translated this in [John 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “my younger brother would still be alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	11	32	zmp7		ἔπεσεν αὐτοῦ πρὸς τοὺς πόδας	1	fell down at his feet	Mary bowed down or knelt at the feet of Jesus to show respect.
+JHN	11	32	j2wr	figs-explicit	οὐκ ἄν μου ἀπέθανεν ὁ ἀδελφός	1	my brother would not have died	Lazarus was Mary’s brother. See how you translated this in [John 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: “my brother would still be alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	11	33	qef6	figs-doublet	ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πνεύματι καὶ ἐτάραξεν ἑαυτόν	1	he was deeply moved in his spirit and was troubled	John combines these phrases that have similar meanings to express the intense emotional distress and possible anger that Jesus experienced. Alternate translation: “he was greatly upset” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 JHN	11	34	xl9p	figs-euphemism	ποῦ τεθείκατε αὐτόν	1	Where have you laid him	This is a milder way of asking, “Where have you buried him?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 JHN	11	35	bj6b		ἐδάκρυσεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	Jesus wept	“Jesus began to cry” or “Jesus started crying”
 JHN	11	36	b6ee		ἐφίλει	1	loved	This refers to brotherly love or human love for a friend or family member.
-JHN	11	37	b3at	figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἐδύνατο οὗτος, ὁ ἀνοίξας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ τυφλοῦ, ποιῆσαι ἵνα καὶ οὗτος μὴ ἀποθάνῃ	1	Could not this man, who opened the eyes of a blind man, also have made this man not die?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Jews’ surprise that Jesus did not heal Lazarus. Alternate translation: “He could heal a man who was blind, so he should have been able to heal this man so he would not have died!” or “Since he did not keep this man from dying, maybe he did not really heal the man who was born blind, as they say he did!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	11	37	a76u	figs-idiom	ὁ ἀνοίξας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς	1	opened the eyes	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “healed the eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+JHN	11	37	b3at	figs-rquestion	οὐκ ἐδύνατο οὗτος, ὁ ἀνοίξας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ τυφλοῦ, ποιῆσαι ἵνα καὶ οὗτος μὴ ἀποθάνῃ?	1	Could not this man, who opened the eyes of a blind man, also have made this man not die?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Jews’ surprise that Jesus did not heal Lazarus. Alternate translation: “He could heal a man who was blind, so he should have been able to heal this man so he would not have died!” or “Since he did not keep this man from dying, maybe he did not really heal the man who was born blind, as they say he did!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	11	37	a76u	figs-idiom	ὁ ἀνοίξας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς	1	opened the eyes	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “who healed the eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 JHN	11	38	xu7k	writing-background	ἦν δὲ σπήλαιον, καὶ λίθος ἐπέκειτο ἐπ’ αὐτῷ	1	Now it was a cave, and a stone lay against it	John pauses the story briefly to describe the tomb where the people had buried Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	11	39	l2pd	figs-explicit	ἡ ἀδελφὴ τοῦ τετελευτηκότος Μάρθα	1	Martha, the sister of Lazarus	Martha and Mary were older sisters of Lazarus. Alternate translation: “Martha, the older sister of Lazarus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	11	39	l2pd	figs-explicit	ἡ ἀδελφὴ τοῦ τετελευτηκότος Μάρθα	1	Martha, the sister of Lazarus	Martha and Mary were sisters of Lazarus. Alternate translation: “Martha, the sister of Lazarus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	11	39	lt1d		ἤδη ὄζει	1	by this time the body will be decaying	“by this time there will be a bad smell” or “the body is already stinking”
-JHN	11	40	q5mw	figs-rquestion	οὐκ εἶπόν σοι, ὅτι ἐὰν πιστεύσῃς, ὄψῃ τὴν δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Did I not say to you that, if you believed, you would see the glory of God?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to the point that God is about to do something wonderful. Alternate translation: “I told you that if you trusted me, you would see what God can do!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	11	40	q5mw	figs-rquestion	οὐκ εἶπόν σοι, ὅτι ἐὰν πιστεύσῃς, ὄψῃ τὴν δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ?	1	Did I not say to you that, if you believed, you would see the glory of God?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to the point that God is about to do something wonderful. Alternate translation: “I told you that if you trusted me, you would see what God can do!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	11	41	lj5j	figs-idiom	Ἰησοῦς ἦρεν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἄνω	1	Jesus lifted up his eyes	This is an idiom that means to look up. Alternate translation: “Jesus looked up toward heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-JHN	11	41	s2dh		Πάτερ, εὐχαριστῶ σοι ὅτι ἤκουσάς μου	1	Father, I thank you that you listened to me	Jesus prays directly to the Father so that others around him will hear his prayer. Alternate translation: “Father, I thank you that you have heard me” or “Father, I thank you that you have heard my prayer”
-JHN	11	41	j54b	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πάτερ	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	11	42	bj2b		ἵνα πιστεύσωσιν ὅτι σύ με ἀπέστειλας	1	so that they may believe that you have sent me	“I want them to believe that you have sent me”
-JHN	11	43	ev4z		ταῦτα εἰπὼν	1	After he had said this	“After Jesus had prayed”
+JHN	11	41	s2dh		Πάτερ, εὐχαριστῶ σοι ὅτι ἤκουσάς μου	1	Father, I thank you that you listened to me	Jesus prays directly to the **Father** so that others around him will hear his prayer. Alternate translation: “Father, I thank you that you have heard me” or “Father, I thank you that you have heard my prayer”
+JHN	11	41	j54b	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πάτερ	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	11	43	ev4z		ταῦτα εἰπὼν	1	After he had said this	“after Jesus had prayed”
 JHN	11	43	cz9f		φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ἐκραύγασεν	1	he cried out with a loud voice	“he shouted”
-JHN	11	44	x4cb	figs-activepassive	δεδεμένος τοὺς πόδας καὶ τὰς χεῖρας κειρίαις, καὶ ἡ ὄψις αὐτοῦ σουδαρίῳ περιεδέδετο	1	his feet and hands were bound with cloths, and his face was bound about with a cloth	A burial custom of this time was to wrap the dead body with long strips of linen cloth. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone had wrapped strips of cloth around his hands and feet. They had also tied a cloth around his face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+JHN	11	44	x4cb	figs-activepassive	δεδεμένος τοὺς πόδας καὶ τὰς χεῖρας κειρίαις, καὶ ἡ ὄψις αὐτοῦ σουδαρίῳ περιεδέδετο	1	his feet and hands were bound with cloths, and his face was bound about with a cloth	A burial custom of this time was to wrap the dead body with long strips of linen **cloth**. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “someone having wrapped strips of cloth around his hands and feet. They had also tied a cloth around his face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JHN	11	44	d8xf		λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς	1	Jesus said to them	The word **them** refers to the people who were there and saw the miracle.
 JHN	11	45	rlf4	writing-background		0	General Information:	These verses tell us what happened after Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	11	47	ib61			0	General Information:	Because so many people have told them that Lazarus is alive again, the chief priests and Pharisees gather the Jewish council for a meeting.
-JHN	11	47	nhw4		οὖν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς	1	Then the chief priests	“Then the leaders among the priests”
 JHN	11	47	gz8c		οὖν	1	Then	The author uses this word to tell the reader that the events that begin in this verse are a result of the events of [John 11:45-46](./45.md).
-JHN	11	47	z5e9	figs-explicit	τί ποιοῦμεν	1	What will we do?	It is implied here that the council members are talking about Jesus. Alternate translation: “What are we going to do about Jesus?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	11	47	nhw4		οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς	1	Then the chief priests	“the leaders among the priests”
+JHN	11	47	z5e9	figs-explicit	τί ποιοῦμεν	1	What will we do?	It is implied here that the council members are talking about Jesus. Alternate translation: “What are we going to do about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	11	48	kq4z	figs-explicit	πάντες πιστεύσουσιν εἰς αὐτὸν	1	all will believe in him	The Jewish leaders were afraid that the people would try to make Jesus their king. Alternate translation: “everyone will trust in him and rebel against Rome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	11	48	hr3p	figs-synecdoche	ἐλεύσονται οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι	1	the Romans will come	This is a synecdoche for the Roman army. Alternate translation: “the Roman army will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-JHN	11	48	ah4r		ἀροῦσιν ἡμῶν καὶ τὸν τόπον καὶ τὸ ἔθνος	1	take away both our place and our nation	“destroy both our temple and our nation”
-JHN	11	49	efq8	writing-participants	εἷς…τις ἐξ αὐτῶν	1	a certain man among them	This is a way to introduce a new character to the story. If you have a way to do this in your language, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
+JHN	11	48	hr3p	figs-synecdoche	ἐλεύσονται οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι	1	the Romans will come	Here, **the Romans** is a synecdoche for the Roman army. Alternate translation: “the Roman army will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+JHN	11	48	ah4r		ἀροῦσιν ἡμῶν καὶ τὸν τόπον καὶ τὸ ἔθνος	1	take away both our place and our nation	“will destroy both our temple and our nation”
+JHN	11	49	efq8	writing-participants	εἷς…τις ἐξ αὐτῶν	1	a certain man among them	This is a way to introduce Caiaphas as a new character to the story. If you have a way to do this in your language, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
 JHN	11	49	lj6b	figs-hyperbole	ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε οὐδέν	1	You know nothing	This is an exaggeration that Caiaphas uses to insult his hearers. Alternate translation: “You do not understand what is happening” or “You speak as though you know nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 JHN	11	50	zh9n	figs-synecdoche	καὶ μὴ ὅλον τὸ ἔθνος ἀπόληται	1	than that the whole nation perishes	The word **nation** here is a synecdoche that represents all of the Jewish people. Alternate translation: “than that all the people of our nation would perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	11	50	fvry	figs-explicit	καὶ μὴ ὅλον τὸ ἔθνος ἀπόληται	1		Caiaphas implies that the Roman army would kill all of the people of the Jewish nation if Jesus is allowed to live and cause a rebellion. Alternate translation: “than that the Romans kill all the people of our nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	11	51	qww5	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verses 51 and 52 John explains that Caiaphus was prophesying even though he did not realize it at the time. This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	11	51	eh17	figs-synecdoche	ἀποθνῄσκειν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἔθνους	1	die for the nation	The word **nation** is a synecdoche and refers to the people of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 JHN	11	52	d85p	figs-ellipsis	συναγάγῃ εἰς ἕν	1	would be gathered together into one	This is an ellipsis. The word **people** is implied by the context. Alternate translation: “would be gathered into one people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-JHN	11	52	mle1		τέκνα τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	children of God	This refers to people who belong to God through faith in Jesus and are spiritually God’s children.
+JHN	11	52	mle1		τέκνα τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	children of God	This refers to people who belong to **God** through faith in Jesus and are spiritually God’s **children**.
 JHN	11	54	gp4h			0	General Information:	Jesus leaves Bethany and goes to Ephraim. In verse 55 the story shifts to telling about what many of the Jews are doing now that Passover is near.
-JHN	11	54	bnd8	figs-synecdoche	παρρησίᾳ περιεπάτει ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις	1	walk openly among the Jews	**Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “walk openly among the Jewish leaders who opposed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-JHN	11	54	s9km	figs-metaphor	παρρησίᾳ περιεπάτει ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις	1		Here, **walk openly** is a metaphor for “live where everyone could see him.” Alternate translation: “live where all the Jews could see him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	11	54	bnd8	figs-synecdoche	παρρησίᾳ περιεπάτει ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις	1	walk openly among the Jews	Here, **the Jews** is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: “walk openly among the Jewish leaders who opposed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
+JHN	11	54	s9km	figs-metaphor	παρρησίᾳ περιεπάτει ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις	1		Here, **walked openly** is a metaphor for “lived where everyone could see him.” Alternate translation: “lived where all the Jews could see him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	11	54	cg66		τὴν χώραν	1	the country	the rural area outside cities where fewer people live
-JHN	11	54	h5jk	figs-explicit	κἀκεῖ ἔμεινεν μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν	1	There he stayed with the disciples	Jesus and his disciples stayed in Ephraim for a while. Alternate translation: “There he stayed with his disciples for a short period of time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	11	54	h5jk	figs-explicit	κἀκεῖ ἔμεινεν μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν	1	There he stayed with the disciples	Jesus and his disciples **stayed** in Ephraim for a while. Alternate translation: “He stayed with his disciples for a short period of time in Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	11	55	qd5y		ἀνέβησαν…εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα	1	went up to Jerusalem	The phrase **went up** is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than the surrounding areas.
 JHN	11	56	a5kt	figs-events		0	General Information:	The content of verse 57 occurs before that of verse 56. If this order might confuse your readers, you can combine these verses and put the text of verse 57 before the text of verse 56. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
 JHN	11	56	kc75		ἐζήτουν…τὸν Ἰησοῦν	1	They were looking for Jesus	The word **they** refers to the Jewish people who had traveled to Jerusalem.
 JHN	11	56	p2wz	figs-rquestion	τί δοκεῖ ὑμῖν? ὅτι οὐ μὴ ἔλθῃ εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν?	1	What do you think? That he will not come to the festival?	These are rhetorical questions that express a strong element of doubt that Jesus will come to the Passover Festival. The speakers here were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival since there was the danger of his being arrested. Alternate translation: “Jesus will probably not come to the festival. He might be afraid of getting arrested!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	11	56	x6im	figs-ellipsis	ὅτι οὐ μὴ ἔλθῃ εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν?	1		This question is an ellipsis that leaves out the words “do you think.” Alternate translation: (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+JHN	11	56	x6im	figs-ellipsis	ὅτι οὐ μὴ ἔλθῃ εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν?	1		This question is an ellipsis that leaves out the words “do you think.” Alternate translation: “Do you think that he will come to the festival?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 JHN	11	57	glb6	writing-background	δὲ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς	1	Now the chief priests	This is background information that explains why the Jewish worshipers were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival or not. If your language has a way to mark background information, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	12	intro	qzv4			0		# John 12 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:38 and 40, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>Verse 16 is a commentary on these events. It is possible to put this entire verse in parentheses in order to set it apart from the narrative of the story.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Mary anointed Jesus’ feet<br><br>The Jews would put oil on a person’s head to make that person feel welcome and comfortable. They would also put oil on a person’s body after the person had died but before they buried the body. But they would never think to put oil on a person’s feet, because they thought that feet were dirty.<br><br>### The donkey and the colt<br><br>Jesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings.<br><br>Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULT without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../../jhn/12/14.md))<br><br>### Glory<br><br>Scripture often speaks of God’s glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. In this chapter John says that the glory of Jesus is his resurrection ([John 12:16](../../jhn/12/16.md)).<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### The metaphors of light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in 12:25: “He who loves his life will lose it; but he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life.” But in 12:26 Jesus explains what it means to keep one’s life for eternal life. ([John 12:25-26](./25.md)).
 JHN	12	1	elj4			0	General Information:	Jesus is at dinner in Bethany when Mary anoints his feet with oil.
@@ -899,54 +883,53 @@ JHN	12	1	z1jp	figs-idiom	ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	had raised from t
 JHN	12	3	c8kf	translate-bweight	λίτραν μύρου	1	a litra of perfume	You may convert this to a modern measure. A “litra” is about one third of a kilogram. Or you may refer to a container that could hold that amount. Alternate translation: “a third of a kilogram of perfume” or “a bottle of perfume” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
 JHN	12	3	ki9d		μύρου	1	perfume	This is a good-smelling liquid made by using the oils of pleasant smelling plants and flowers.
 JHN	12	3	b3sa	translate-unknown	νάρδου	1	nard	This is a perfume made from a pink, bell-shaped flower in the mountains of Nepal, China, and India. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
-JHN	12	3	pq7c	figs-activepassive	ἡ…οἰκία ἐπληρώθη ἐκ τῆς ὀσμῆς τοῦ μύρου	1	The house was filled with the fragrance of the perfume	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “The scent of her perfume filled the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+JHN	12	3	pq7c	figs-activepassive	ἡ…οἰκία ἐπληρώθη ἐκ τῆς ὀσμῆς τοῦ μύρου	2	The house was filled with the fragrance of the perfume	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “the scent of her perfume filled the house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JHN	12	4	e1xj		ὁ μέλλων αὐτὸν παραδιδόναι	1	the one who would betray him	“the one who later enabled Jesus’ enemies to seize him”
-JHN	12	5	e8d7	figs-rquestion	διὰ τί τοῦτο τὸ μύρον οὐκ ἐπράθη τριακοσίων δηναρίων, καὶ ἐδόθη πτωχοῖς	1	Why was this perfume not sold for three hundred denarii and given to the poor?	This is a rhetorical question. You can translate it as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “This perfume could have been sold for three hundred denarii and the money could have been given to the poor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	12	5	p838	translate-numbers	τριακοσίων δηναρίων	1	three hundred denarii	You can translate this as a numeral. Alternate translation: “300 denarii” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-JHN	12	5	dx9e	translate-bmoney	δηναρίων	1	denarii	A denarius was the amount of silver that a common laborer could earn in one day of work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
+JHN	12	5	e8d7	figs-rquestion	διὰ τί τοῦτο τὸ μύρον οὐκ ἐπράθη τριακοσίων δηναρίων, καὶ ἐδόθη πτωχοῖς?	1	Why was this perfume not sold for three hundred denarii and given to the poor?	This is a rhetorical question. You can translate it as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “This perfume could have been sold for three hundred denarii and the money could have been given to the poor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	12	5	dx9e	translate-bmoney	δηναρίων	1	denarii	A denarius was the amount of silver that a common laborer could earn in one day of work. The plural of denarius is **denarii**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
 JHN	12	6	ri5l	writing-background	εἶπεν δὲ τοῦτο, οὐχ ὅτι περὶ τῶν πτωχῶν ἔμελεν αὐτῷ, ἀλλ’ ὅτι κλέπτης ἦν, καὶ τὸ γλωσσόκομον ἔχων τὰ βαλλόμενα ἐβάσταζεν	1	Now he said this … would steal from what was put in it	John explains why Judas asked the question about the poor. If your language has a way of indicating background information, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	12	6	sl8u		εἶπεν…τοῦτο, οὐχ ὅτι περὶ τῶν πτωχῶν ἔμελεν αὐτῷ, ἀλλ’ ὅτι κλέπτης ἦν	1	he said this, not because he cared about the poor, but because he was a thief	“he said this because he was a thief. He did not care about the poor”
-JHN	12	7	dcn3	figs-explicit	ἄφες αὐτήν, ἵνα εἰς τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ ἐνταφιασμοῦ μου, τηρήσῃ αὐτό	1	Allow her to keep what she has for the day of my burial	Jesus implies that the woman’s actions can be understood as anticipating his death and burial. Alternate translation: “Allow her to show how much she appreciates me! In this way she has prepared my body for burial” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	12	8	r82p	figs-explicit	τοὺς πτωχοὺς…πάντοτε ἔχετε μεθ’ ἑαυτῶν	1	You will always have the poor with you	Jesus implies that there will always be opportunities to help the poor people. Alternate translation: “There will always be poor people among you, and you can help them whenever you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	12	8	kn28	figs-explicit	ἐμὲ δὲ οὐ πάντοτε ἔχετε	1	But you will not always have me	In this way, Jesus implies that he will die. Alternate translation: “But I will not always be here with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	12	9	qm36	writing-background	οὖν	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here John tells about a new group of people that has come to Bethany from Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+JHN	12	7	dcn3	figs-explicit	ἄφες αὐτήν, ἵνα εἰς τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ ἐνταφιασμοῦ μου, τηρήσῃ αὐτό	1	Allow her to keep what she has for the day of my burial	Jesus implies that the woman’s actions can be understood as anticipating his death and **burial**. Alternate translation: “Allow her to show how much she appreciates me! In this way she has prepared my body for burial” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	12	8	r82p	figs-explicit	τοὺς πτωχοὺς…πάντοτε ἔχετε μεθ’ ἑαυτῶν	1	You will always have the poor with you	Jesus implies that there will always be opportunities to help **the poor** people. Alternate translation: “there will always be poor people among you, and you can help them whenever you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	12	8	kn28	figs-explicit	ἐμὲ δὲ οὐ πάντοτε ἔχετε	1	But you will not always have me	In this way, Jesus implies that he will die. Alternate translation: “but I will not always be here with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	12	9	qm36	writing-background	οὖν	1	Now	**Then** is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here John tells about a new group of people that has come to Bethany from Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	12	11	kjk7		δι’ αὐτὸν	1	because of him	The fact that Lazarus was alive again caused many Jews to believe in Jesus.
-JHN	12	11	f6mg	figs-explicit	ἐπίστευον εἰς τὸν Ἰησοῦν	1	believed in Jesus	This implies that many of the Jewish people were trusting in Jesus as the Son of God. Alternate translation: “were putting their trust in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	12	11	f6mg	figs-explicit	ἐπίστευον εἰς τὸν Ἰησοῦν	1	believed in Jesus	This implies that many of the Jewish people were trusting **in Jesus** as the Son of God. Alternate translation: “were putting their trust in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	12	12	f1im			0	General Information:	Jesus enters Jerusalem and the people honor him as a king.
 JHN	12	12	w1c2	writing-newevent	τῇ ἐπαύριον	1	On the next day	The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
 JHN	12	12	sy8h		ὁ ὄχλος πολὺς	1	a great crowd	“a great crowd of people”
 JHN	12	13	lzn9		ὡσαννά	1	Hosanna	This means “May God save us now!”
 JHN	12	13	i5ul		εὐλογημένος	1	Blessed	This expresses a desire for God to cause good things to happen to a person.
-JHN	12	13	w7ty	figs-metonymy	ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου	1	comes in the name of the Lord	Here the word **name** is a metonym for the person’s authority and power. Alternate translation: “comes as the representative of the Lord” or “comes in the power of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	12	13	w7ty	figs-metonymy	ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου	1	comes in the name of the Lord	Here the word **name** is a metonym for the person’s authority and power. Alternate translation: “as the representative of the Lord” or “in the power of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	12	14	dbc5	writing-background	εὑρὼν…ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὀνάριον, ἐκάθισεν ἐπ’ αὐτό	1	Jesus found a young donkey and sat on it	Here John gives background information that Jesus secures a **donkey**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
-JHN	12	14	b9ry	figs-explicit	εὑρὼν…ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὀνάριον, ἐκάθισεν ἐπ’ αὐτό	1		John implies that Jesus will ride the donkey into Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “he found a young donkey and sat on it, riding into the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	12	14	b9ry	figs-explicit	εὑρὼν…ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὀνάριον, ἐκάθισεν ἐπ’ αὐτό	1		John implies that Jesus will ride the donkey into Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “he found a young donkey and sat on it, riding it into the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	12	14	h6xz	figs-activepassive	καθώς ἐστιν γεγραμμένον	1	as it was written	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “as the prophets wrote in the Scripture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JHN	12	15	vra1	figs-metonymy	θυγάτηρ Σιών	1	daughter of Zion	**Daughter of Zion** here is a metonym that refers to the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “you people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+JHN	12	15	vra1	figs-metonymy	θυγάτηρ Σιών	1	daughter of Zion	Here, **daughter of Zion** here is a metonym that refers to the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “you people of Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	12	16	a74d	writing-background		0	General Information:	John, the writer, interrupts here to give the reader some background information about what the disciples later understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	12	16	rq52		ταῦτα οὐκ ἔγνωσαν αὐτοῦ οἱ μαθηταὶ	1	His disciples did not understand these things	Here the words **these things** refer to the words that the prophet had written about Jesus.
 JHN	12	16	xdm7	figs-activepassive	ὅτε ἐδοξάσθη Ἰησοῦς	1	when Jesus was glorified	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “when God glorified Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JHN	12	16	lvz1		ταῦτα ἐποίησαν αὐτῷ	1	they had done these things to him	The words **these things** refer to what the people did when Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey (praising him and waving the palm branches).
-JHN	12	17	i6ag	writing-background	οὖν	1	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main narrative. Here John explains that many of the people came to meet Jesus because they heard others say that he had raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+JHN	12	17	i6ag	writing-background	οὖν	1	Now	The word **Then** is used here to mark a break in the main narrative. Here John explains that many of the people came to meet Jesus because they heard others say that he had raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	12	18	eel6		ἤκουσαν τοῦτο αὐτὸν πεποιηκέναι τὸ σημεῖον	1	they heard that he had done this sign	“they heard others say that he had done this sign”
-JHN	12	18	v2nx		τοῦτο…τὸ σημεῖον	1	this sign	A “sign” is an event or occurrence that proves something is true. In this case, the “sign” of raising Lazarus proves that Jesus is the Messiah.
+JHN	12	18	v2nx		τοῦτο…τὸ σημεῖον	2	this sign	A **sign** is an event or occurrence that proves something is true. In this case, the “sign” of raising Lazarus proves that Jesus is the Messiah.
 JHN	12	19	c43j	figs-explicit	θεωρεῖτε ὅτι οὐκ ὠφελεῖτε οὐδέν	1	Look, you can do nothing	The Pharisees imply here that it might be impossible to stop Jesus. Alternate translation: “It seems like we can do nothing to stop him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	12	19	i5uq	figs-hyperbole	ἴδε, ὁ κόσμος ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ ἀπῆλθεν	1	see, the world has gone after him	The Pharisees use this exaggeration to express their shock that so many people have come out to meet Jesus. Alternate translation: “It looks like everyone is becoming his disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
+JHN	12	19	i5uq	figs-hyperbole	ἴδε, ὁ κόσμος ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ ἀπῆλθεν	1	see, the world has gone after him	The Pharisees use this exaggeration to express their shock that so many people have come out to meet Jesus. Alternate translation: “it looks like everyone is becoming his disciple” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 JHN	12	19	ev6e	figs-metonymy	ὁ κόσμος	1	the world	Here, **the world** is a metonym that represents (in exaggeration) all of the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	12	19	oraj	figs-explicit	ὁ κόσμος	1		You may need to make explicit that the hearers would have understood that the Pharisees were speaking only of the people in Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	12	20	k8v2	writing-participants	δὲ Ἕλληνές τινες	1	Now certain Greeks	The phrase **now certain** marks the introduction of new characters to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
-JHN	12	20	i6nd	figs-explicit	ἵνα προσκυνήσωσιν ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ	1	to worship at the festival	John implies that these “Greeks” were going to worship God during the Passover. Alternate translation: “to worship God at the Passover festival” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	12	20	k8v2	writing-participants	δὲ Ἕλληνές τινες	1	Now certain Greeks	This phrase marks the introduction of the Greeks as new characters to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
+JHN	12	20	i6nd	figs-explicit	ἵνα προσκυνήσωσιν ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ	1	to worship at the festival	John implies that these “Greeks” were going to **worship** God during the Passover. Alternate translation: “to worship God at the Passover festival” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	12	21	lr8c		Βηθσαϊδὰ	1	Bethsaida	This was a town in the province of Galilee.
-JHN	12	22	b9re	figs-ellipsis	λέγουσιν τῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	they told Jesus	Philip and Andrew tell Jesus about the Greeks’ request to see him. You can translate this by adding the implied words. Alternate translation: “they told Jesus what the Greeks had said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
+JHN	12	22	b9re	figs-ellipsis	λέγουσιν τῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	they told Jesus	Philip and Andrew tell Jesus about the Greeks’ request to see him. You can translate this by adding the implied words. Alternate translation: “tell Jesus what the Greeks had said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 JHN	12	23	p96d			0	General Information:	Jesus begins to respond to Philip and Andrew.
-JHN	12	23	jl9u	figs-explicit	ἐλήλυθεν ἡ ὥρα ἵνα δοξασθῇ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified	Jesus implies that it is now the right time for God to honor the Son of Man through his upcoming suffering, death and resurrection. Alternate translation: “God will soon honor me when I die and rise again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	12	23	jl9u	figs-explicit	ἐλήλυθεν ἡ ὥρα ἵνα δοξασθῇ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified	Jesus implies that it is now the right time for God to honor the **Son of Man** through his upcoming suffering, death and resurrection. Alternate translation: “God will soon honor me when I die and rise again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	12	24	m255		ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν	1	Truly, truly, I say to you	Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated “Truly, truly” in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
 JHN	12	24	gq2y	figs-metaphor	ἐὰν μὴ ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου πεσὼν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀποθάνῃ, αὐτὸς μόνος μένει; ἐὰν δὲ ἀποθάνῃ, πολὺν καρπὸν φέρει	1	unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies … it will bear much fruit	Here, **a grain of wheat** or “seed” is a metaphor for Jesus’ death, burial and resurrection. Just as a seed is planted and grows again into a plant that will bear much fruit, so will many people trust in Jesus after he is killed, buried, and raised back to life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	12	25	sk6e	figs-explicit	ὁ φιλῶν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ, ἀπολλύει αὐτήν	1	He who loves his life will lose it	Here, **loves his life** means to consider one’s own physical life to be more valuable than the lives of others. Alternate translation: “whoever values his own life more than others will not receive eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	12	25	mp7b	figs-explicit	ὁ μισῶν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ, εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον φυλάξει αὐτήν	1	he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life	Here the one who **hates his life** refers to one who loves his own life less than he loves the lives of others. Alternate translation: “whoever considers the lives of others as more important than his own life will live with God forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	12	25	sk6e	figs-explicit	ὁ φιλῶν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ, ἀπολλύει αὐτήν	1	He who loves his life will lose it	Here, **loving his life** means considering one’s own physical life to be more valuable than the lives of others. Alternate translation: “Whoever values his own life more than others will not receive eternal life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	12	25	mp7b	figs-explicit	ὁ μισῶν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ, εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον φυλάξει αὐτήν	1	he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life	Here the one who **hating his life** refers to one who loves his own life less than he loves the lives of others. Alternate translation: “whoever considers the lives of others as more important than his own life will live with God forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	12	26	i8ky	figs-explicit	ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ, ἐκεῖ καὶ ὁ διάκονος ὁ ἐμὸς ἔσται	1	where I am, there will my servant also be	Jesus implies that those who serve him will be with him in heaven. Alternate translation: “when I am in heaven, my servant will also be there with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	12	26	wx3m	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τιμήσει αὐτὸν ὁ Πατήρ	1	the Father will honor him	Here, **Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
-JHN	12	27	ytv9	figs-rquestion	τί εἴπω, Πάτερ, σῶσόν με ἐκ τῆς ὥρας ταύτης	1	what should I say? ‘Father, save me from this hour’?	This remark appears in the form of a rhetorical question. Although Jesus desires to avoid crucifixion, he chooses to be obedient to God and to be killed. Alternate translation: “I will not pray, ‘Father, save me from this hour!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-JHN	12	27	bx1j	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πάτερ	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	12	26	wx3m	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Πατήρ	1	the Father will honor him	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	12	27	ytv9	figs-rquestion	τί εἴπω, Πάτερ, σῶσόν με ἐκ τῆς ὥρας ταύτης?	1	what should I say? ‘Father, save me from this hour’?	This remark appears in the form of a rhetorical question. Although Jesus desires to avoid crucifixion, he chooses to be obedient to God and to be killed. Alternate translation: “I will not pray, ‘Father, save me from this hour!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	12	27	bx1j	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πάτερ	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	12	27	hmv9	figs-metonymy	τῆς ὥρας ταύτης	1	this hour	Here, **this hour** is a metonym that represents when Jesus would suffer and die on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	12	28	v2fk	figs-metonymy	δόξασόν σου τὸ ὄνομα	1	glorify your name	Here the word **name** is a metonym that refers to God. Alternate translation: “make your glory known” or “reveal your glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	12	28	r6qk	figs-metonymy	ἦλθεν…φωνὴ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	a voice came from heaven	This represents God speaking. Alternate translation: “God spoke from the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -957,30 +940,30 @@ JHN	12	31	pv51	figs-activepassive	νῦν ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου 
 JHN	12	32	b1zu	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 33 John tells us background information about what Jesus said about being “lifted up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	12	32	a7tc	figs-activepassive	κἀγὼ ἐὰν ὑψωθῶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς	1	When I am lifted up from the earth	Here Jesus refers to his crucifixion. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “When people raise me high on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 JHN	12	32	n7i6		πάντας ἑλκύσω πρὸς ἐμαυτόν	1	will draw everyone to myself	Through his crucifixion, Jesus will provide a way for everyone to trust in him.
-JHN	12	33	v7f3	writing-background	τοῦτο…ἔλεγεν, σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ ἤμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν	1	He said this to indicate what kind of death he would die	John interprets Jesus’ words to mean that people will crucify him. Alternate translation: “He said this to let the people know how he would die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+JHN	12	33	v7f3	writing-background	τοῦτο…ἔλεγεν, σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ ἤμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν	1	He said this to indicate what kind of death he would die	John interprets Jesus’ words to mean that people will crucify him. Alternate translation: “he said this to let the people know how he would die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
 JHN	12	34	mx1k	figs-ellipsis	δεῖ ὑψωθῆναι τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	The Son of Man must be lifted up	The phrase **lifted up** means crucified. You may translate this in a way that includes the implied words “on a cross.” Alternate translation: “The Son of Man must be lifted up on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 JHN	12	34	t386		τίς ἐστιν οὗτος ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου	1	Who is this Son of Man?	This could mean: (1) They may be asking, “What is the identity of this Son of Man?” (2) They may be asking, “What kind of Son of Man are you talking about?”
-JHN	12	35	l2w4	figs-metaphor	εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον, τὸ φῶς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστιν. περιπατεῖτε ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, ἵνα μὴ σκοτία ὑμᾶς καταλάβῃ; καὶ ὁ περιπατῶν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, οὐκ οἶδεν ποῦ ὑπάγει	1	The light will still be with you for a short amount of time. Walk while you have the light, so that darkness does not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going	Here, **light** is a metaphor for Jesus’ teachings which reveal the truth of God. To “walk in darkness” is a metaphor that means to live without God’s truth. Alternate translation: “My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be like walking in darkness and you cannot see where you are going” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-JHN	12	36	j1rs	figs-metaphor	ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, πιστεύετε εἰς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα υἱοὶ φωτὸς γένησθε	1	While you have the light, believe in the light so that you may be sons of light	The “light” is a metaphor for the teachings of Jesus which reveal the truth of God. “sons of light” is a metaphor for those who accept the message of Jesus and live according to God’s truth. Alternate translation: “While I am with you, believe what I teach so that God’s truth will be in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	12	35	l2w4	figs-metaphor	εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον, τὸ φῶς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστιν. περιπατεῖτε ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, ἵνα μὴ σκοτία ὑμᾶς καταλάβῃ; καὶ ὁ περιπατῶν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ, οὐκ οἶδεν ποῦ ὑπάγει	1	The light will still be with you for a short amount of time. Walk while you have the light, so that darkness does not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going	Here, **light** is a metaphor for Jesus’ teachings which reveal the truth of God, and **walking in darkness** is a metaphor that means to live without God’s truth. Alternate translation: “Jesus said to them ‘My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be like walking in darkness and you cannot see where you are going’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+JHN	12	36	j1rs	figs-metaphor	ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, πιστεύετε εἰς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα υἱοὶ φωτὸς γένησθε	1	While you have the light, believe in the light so that you may be sons of light	Here, **light** is a metaphor for the teachings of Jesus which reveal the truth of God, and **sons of light** is a metaphor for those who accept the message of Jesus and live according to God’s truth. Alternate translation: “While I am with you, believe what I teach so that God’s truth will be in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	12	37	s1wh			0	General Information:	This is a break in the main story line as the John begins to explain about the fulfillment of prophesies that had been spoken by the prophet Isaiah.
 JHN	12	38	k15e	figs-activepassive	ἵνα ὁ λόγος Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου πληρωθῇ	1	so that the word of Isaiah the prophet would be fulfilled	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “in order to fulfill the message of Isaiah the prophet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JHN	12	38	gx5x	figs-rquestion	Κύριε, τίς ἐπίστευσεν τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν? καὶ ὁ βραχίων Κυρίου τίνι ἀπεκαλύφθη	1	Lord, who has believed our report, and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?	This appears in the form of two rhetorical questions to express the prophet’s dismay that the people do not believe his message. You can state these as a single rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Lord, hardly anyone has believed our message, even though they have seen that you are powerfully able to save them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+JHN	12	38	gx5x	figs-rquestion	Κύριε, τίς ἐπίστευσεν τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν? καὶ ὁ βραχίων Κυρίου τίνι ἀπεκαλύφθη?	1	Lord, who has believed our report, and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?	This appears in the form of two rhetorical questions to express the prophet’s dismay that the people do not believe his message. You can state these as a single rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Lord, hardly anyone has believed our message, even though they have seen that you are powerfully able to save them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 JHN	12	38	dh6s	figs-metonymy	ὁ βραχίων Κυρίου	1	the arm of the Lord	This is a metonym that refers to the Lord’s ability to rescue with power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	12	40	z323	figs-metonymy	ἐπώρωσεν αὐτῶν τὴν καρδίαν…νοήσωσιν τῇ καρδίᾳ	1	he has hardened their hearts … understand with their hearts	Here, **hearts** is a metonym for a person’s mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 JHN	12	40	wac6	figs-metaphor	ἐπώρωσεν αὐτῶν τὴν καρδίαν…νοήσωσιν τῇ καρδίᾳ	1		The phrase **hardened their hearts** is a metaphor for making someone become stubborn. Also, to **understand with their hearts** means to “truly understand.” Alternate translation: “he has made them stubborn … truly understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	12	40	h99a	figs-metaphor	καὶ στραφῶσιν	1	and turn	Here, **turn** is a metaphor for “repent.” Alternate translation: “and they would repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	12	42	hdh1	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ ἀποσυνάγωγοι γένωνται	1	so that they would not be banned from the synagogue	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “so people would not stop them from going to the synagogue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-JHN	12	43	fx72		ἠγάπησαν…τὴν δόξαν τῶν ἀνθρώπων μᾶλλον ἤπερ τὴν δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	They loved the praise that comes from people more than the praise that comes from God	“They wanted people to praise them more than they wanted God to praise them”
+JHN	12	43	fx72		ἠγάπησαν…τὴν δόξαν τῶν ἀνθρώπων μᾶλλον ἤπερ τὴν δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	They loved the praise that comes from people more than the praise that comes from God	“they wanted people to praise them more than they wanted God to praise them”
 JHN	12	44	t7cq			0	General Information:	Now John returns to the main story line. This is another time when Jesus begins to speak to the crowd.
 JHN	12	44	d27w	figs-explicit	Ἰησοῦς…ἔκραξεν καὶ εἶπεν	1	Jesus cried out and said	Here John implies that a crowd of people had gathered to hear Jesus speak. Alternate translation: “Jesus shouted out to the crowd that had gathered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-JHN	12	45	s6xx		ὁ θεωρῶν ἐμὲ, θεωρεῖ τὸν πέμψαντά με	1	the one who sees me sees him who sent me	Here the word **him** refers to God. Alternate translation: “the one who sees me sees God, who sent me”
+JHN	12	45	s6xx		ὁ θεωρῶν ἐμὲ, θεωρεῖ τὸν πέμψαντά με	1	the one who sees me sees him who sent me	Here the phrase **the one having sent** refers to God. Alternate translation: “the one who sees me sees God, who sent me”
 JHN	12	46	db76			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues speaking to the crowd.
 JHN	12	46	wib3	figs-metaphor	ἐγὼ φῶς…ἐλήλυθα	1	I have come as a light	Here the **light** is a metaphor for Jesus’ example. Alternate translation: “I have come to show the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	12	46	i31g	figs-metaphor	ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ μὴ μείνῃ	1	may not remain in the darkness	Here, **darkness** is a metaphor for living in ignorance of God’s truth. Alternate translation: “may not continue to be spiritually blind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 JHN	12	46	uxb8	figs-metonymy	τὸν κόσμον	1	the world	Here, **the world** is a metonym that represents all of the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-JHN	12	47	xvq6	figs-explicit	καὶ ἐάν τίς μου ἀκούσῃ τῶν ῥημάτων, καὶ μὴ φυλάξῃ, ἐγὼ οὐ κρίνω αὐτόν, οὐ γὰρ ἦλθον, ἵνα κρίνω τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλ’ ἵνα σώσω τὸν κόσμον	1	If anyone hears my words but does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I have not come to judge the world, but to save the world	Here, **to judge the world** implies condemnation. Jesus did not come to condemn people. Alternate translation: “If anyone hears my teaching and rejects it, I do not condemn him. I have not come to condemn people. Instead, I have come to save those who trust in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+JHN	12	47	xvq6	figs-explicit	καὶ ἐάν τίς μου ἀκούσῃ τῶν ῥημάτων, καὶ μὴ φυλάξῃ, ἐγὼ οὐ κρίνω αὐτόν, οὐ γὰρ ἦλθον, ἵνα κρίνω τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλ’ ἵνα σώσω τὸν κόσμον	1	If anyone hears my words but does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I have not come to judge the world, but to save the world	Here, **judge the world** implies condemnation. Jesus did not come to condemn people. Alternate translation: “And if anyone hears my teaching and rejects it, I do not condemn him. I have not come to condemn people. Instead, I have come to save those who trust in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 JHN	12	48	b1ds		ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ	1	on the last day	“at the time when God judges people’s sins”
-JHN	12	49	ybm5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ	1	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
+JHN	12	49	ybm5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	Πατὴρ	1	Father	**Father** is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 JHN	12	50	tar2		οἶδα, ὅτι ἡ ἐντολὴ αὐτοῦ ζωὴ αἰώνιός ἐστιν	1	I know that his command is eternal life	“I know that the words that he commanded me to speak are the words that give life forever”
 JHN	13	intro	zk68			0		# John 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The events of this chapter are commonly referred to as the last supper or the Lord’s supper. This Passover feast in many ways parallels Jesus’ sacrifice as the lamb of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The washing of feet<br><br>People in the ancient Near East thought that feet were very dirty. Only servants would wash people’s feet. The disciples did not want Jesus to wash their feet because they considered him their master and themselves his servants, but he wanted to show them that they needed to serve each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])<br><br>### I AM<br><br>John records Jesus as saying these words four times in this book, once in this chapter. They stand alone as a complete sentence, and they literally translate the Hebrew word for “I AM,” by which Yahweh identified himself to Moses. For these reasons, many people believe that when Jesus said these words he was claiming to be Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]).<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Son of Man”<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the “Son of Man” in this chapter ([John 13:31](../../jhn/13/31.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 JHN	13	1	wk2k	writing-background		0	General Information:	It is not yet Passover and Jesus is together with his disciples for supper. These verses explain the setting of the story and give background information about Jesus and Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])