Updated multiple meaning notes to new "This could mean:" format. (#2096)

Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <larry.sallee@unfoldingword.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2096
Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Co-committed-by: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>

en_tn_47-1CO.tsv

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	1	5	jw1s	figs-hyperbole	ἐν παντὶ ἐπλουτίσθητε	1	in everything you have been made rich	Paul is speaking in general terms. Alternate translation: “made you rich with all kinds of spiritual blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 1CO	1	5	j48t		ἐν παντὶ λόγῳ	1	in all speech	God has enabled you to tell others about God’s message in many ways.
 1CO	1	5	qy8c		πάσῃ γνώσει	1	all knowledge	God has enabled you to understand God’s message in many ways.
-1CO	1	6	h9zk		τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐβεβαιώθη ἐν ὑμῖν	1	the testimony about Christ has been confirmed as true among you	This could mean: (1) They had seen for themselves that what Paul had said about Christ was true. (2) Other people learned from seeing how they now live that what Paul and the Corinthians say about Christ is true.
+1CO	1	6	h9zk		τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐβεβαιώθη ἐν ὑμῖν	1	the testimony about Christ has been confirmed as true among you	This could mean: (1) they had seen for themselves that what Paul had said about Christ was true. (2) other people learned from seeing how they now live that what Paul and the Corinthians say about Christ is true.
 1CO	1	7	t2hd		ὥστε	1	Therefore	“Because what I have just said is true”
 1CO	1	7	p5y6	figs-litotes	ὑμᾶς μὴ ὑστερεῖσθαι ἐν μηδενὶ χαρίσματι	1	you lack no spiritual gift	You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “you have every spiritual gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
-1CO	1	7	fe4q		τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ	This could mean: (1) This refers to the time when God will reveal the Lord Jesus Christ. (2) This refers to the time when our Lord Jesus Christ will reveal himself.
+1CO	1	7	fe4q		τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ	This could refer to: (1) the time when God will reveal the Lord Jesus Christ. (2) the time when our Lord Jesus Christ will reveal himself.
 1CO	1	8	pif5		ἀνεγκλήτους	1	you will be blameless	There will be no reason for God to condemn you.
 1CO	1	9	u6w6		πιστὸς ὁ Θεὸς	1	God is faithful	“God will do everything he has said he will do”
 1CO	1	9	kx3z	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ	1	his Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	1	20	rkf9		γραμματεύς	1	the scholar	a person who is recognized as someone who has studied a great deal
 1CO	1	20	u5j5		συνζητητὴς	1	the debater	a person who argues about what he knows or who is skilled in such arguments
 1CO	1	20	a7zl	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ ἐμώρανεν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ κόσμου?	1	Has not God turned the wisdom of the world into foolishness?	Paul uses this question to emphasize what God has done to the wisdom of this world. Alternate translation: “God has shown that everything they call wisdom is really foolishness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-1CO	1	21	d7xw		τοὺς πιστεύοντας	1	those who believe	This could mean: (1) This refers to all who believe the message. (2) This refers to all who believe in Christ.
+1CO	1	21	d7xw		τοὺς πιστεύοντας	1	those who believe	This could refer to: (1) all who believe the message. (2) all who believe in Christ.
 1CO	1	22	v9fa	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word **we** refers to Paul and other Bible teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 1CO	1	23	ntu3	figs-activepassive	Χριστὸν ἐσταυρωμένον	1	Christ crucified	“about Christ, who died on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	1	23	krw3	figs-metaphor	σκάνδαλον	1	a stumbling block	Just as a person can stumble over a block on a road, so the message of salvation through the crucifixion of the Christ keeps Jews from believing in Jesus. Alternate translation: “not acceptable” or “very offensive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	1	24	h7iw		αὐτοῖς…τοῖς κλητοῖς	1	to those whom God has called	“to the people God calls”
-1CO	1	24	hu1s		Χριστὸν Θεοῦ δύναμιν, καὶ Θεοῦ σοφίαν	1	Christ as the power and the wisdom of God	This could mean: (1) God acted powerfully and wisely by sending Christ to die for us. (2) Through Christ, God has shown how strong and wise he is.
+1CO	1	24	hu1s		Χριστὸν Θεοῦ δύναμιν, καὶ Θεοῦ σοφίαν	1	Christ as the power and the wisdom of God	This could mean: (1) God acted powerfully and wisely by sending Christ to die for us. (2) through Christ, God has shown how strong and wise he is.
 1CO	1	24	w9vm		Θεοῦ δύναμιν	1	the power … of God	Another possible meaning is that Christ is powerful and it is through Christ that God saves us.
 1CO	1	24	p1hu		Θεοῦ σοφίαν	1	the wisdom of God	Another possible meaning is that God shows the content of his wisdom through Christ.
 1CO	1	25	h9hh	figs-irony	τὸ μωρὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, σοφώτερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐστίν, καὶ τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἰσχυρότερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	the foolishness of God is wiser than people, and the weakness of God is stronger than people	This could mean: (1) Paul is speaking ironically about God’s foolishness and weakness. Paul knows God is not foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what seems to be the foolishness of God is wiser than people’s wisdom, and what seems to be the weakness of God is stronger than the people’s strength” (2) Paul is speaking from the point of view of the Greek people who may think God is foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what people call God’s foolishness is really wiser than what people call wisdom, and what people call God’s weakness is really stronger than people’s strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	1	28	f11p	figs-activepassive	τὰ μὴ ὄντα	1	things that are held as valuable	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “things that people think are worth money” or “things that people think are worth respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	1	30	fmr3		ἐξ αὐτοῦ	1	because of him	This refers to the work of Christ on the cross.
 1CO	1	30	a7bs	figs-exclusive	ἡμῖν	1	us	These words refer to Paul, those with him, and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-1CO	1	30	f1at	figs-metonymy	Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὃς ἐγενήθη σοφία ἡμῖν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ	1	Christ Jesus, who was made for us wisdom from God	This could mean: (1) This refers to Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is. (2) This refers to Christ Jesus, who has given us God’s wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1CO	1	30	f1at	figs-metonymy	Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὃς ἐγενήθη σοφία ἡμῖν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ	1	Christ Jesus, who was made for us wisdom from God	This could refer to: (1) Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is. (2) Christ Jesus, who has given us God’s wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1CO	1	31	fym9		ὁ καυχώμενος, ἐν Κυρίῳ καυχάσθω	1	Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord	“If a person boasts, he should boast about how great the Lord is”
 1CO	2	intro	k86p			0		# 1 Corinthians 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verses 9 and 16, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom<br><br>Paul continues the discussion from the first chapter that contrasts human wisdom and God’s wisdom. For Paul, wisdom can be simple and human ideas foolish. He said the wisdom from the Holy Spirit is the only true wisdom. Paul uses the phrase “hidden wisdom” when he refers to previously unknown truths. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])
 1CO	2	1	kjc7			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul contrasts human wisdom and God’s wisdom. He emphasizes that spiritual wisdom comes from God.
 1CO	2	1	qvj7		ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
 1CO	2	2	a2g9	figs-hyperbole	ἔκρινά τι εἰδέναι…εἰ μὴ Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν	1	I decided to know nothing … except Jesus Christ	When Paul said that he “decided to know nothing” he exaggerated to emphasize that he decided focus on and teach about nothing other than Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “I decided to teach nothing … except Jesus Christ” or “I decided not to teach anything … except Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
 1CO	2	3	s9lp		κἀγὼ…ἐγενόμην πρὸς ὑμᾶς	1	I was with you	“I was visiting with you”
-1CO	2	3	e8li		ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ	1	in weakness	Possible meanings are: (1) “physically weak” (2) “feeling like I could not do what I needed to do.”
+1CO	2	3	e8li		ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ	1	in weakness	This could mean: (1) “physically weak.” (2) “feeling like I could not do what I needed to do.”
 1CO	2	4	z81a		πειθοῖς σοφίας λόγοις	1	persuasive words of wisdom	words that sound wise and with which the speaker hopes to cause people to do or believe something
 1CO	2	6	sg76			0	General Information:	Paul interrupts his main argument to explain what he means by “wisdom” and to whom he desires to speak.
 1CO	2	6	azm7		δὲ λαλοῦμεν	1	Now we do speak	The word **Now** is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Paul begins to explain that true wisdom is God’s wisdom.
@@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	3	7	dl3z		οὔτε ὁ φυτεύων ἐστίν τι…ἀλλ’ ὁ αὐξάνων, Θεός	1	neither he who plants is anything … but God is the one who causes the growth	Paul stresses that neither he nor Apollos is responsible for the believers’ spiritual growth, but it is God’s doing.
 1CO	3	7	c68g	figs-abstractnouns	ὁ αὐξάνων, Θεός	1	but God is the one who causes the growth	Here to give growth means to cause growth. The abstract noun **growth** can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “it is God who causes you to grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 1CO	3	8	s16b	figs-metaphor	ὁ φυτεύων…καὶ ὁ ποτίζων, ἕν εἰσιν	1	he who plants and he who waters are one	Paul speaks of telling people the good news and teaching those who have accepted it as if they were planting and watering plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1CO	3	8	za43		ἕν εἰσιν	1	are one	Here, **one** could mean: (1) This means “united in purpose.” (2) This means “equal in importance.”
+1CO	3	8	za43		ἕν εἰσιν	1	are one	Here, **one** could mean: (1) “united in purpose.” (2) “equal in importance.”
 1CO	3	8	zd36		μισθὸν	1	wages	an amount of money that a worker receives for his work
 1CO	3	9	gj26	figs-exclusive	ἐσμεν	1	we are brutally beaten	This refers to Paul and Apollos but not the Corinthian church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 1CO	3	9	r9sn		Θεοῦ…συνεργοί	1	God’s fellow workers	Paul considers himself and Apollos as working together.
-1CO	3	9	lqg1	figs-metaphor	Θεοῦ γεώργιον	1	God’s garden	This could mean: (1) Being God’s garden represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that belongs to God” (2) Being God’s garden represents God causing us to grow. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that God makes grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1CO	3	9	l2fq	figs-metaphor	Θεοῦ οἰκοδομή	1	God’s building	This could mean: (1) Being God’s building represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that belongs to God” (2) Being God’s building represents God causing us to become what he wants. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that God is constructing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1CO	3	9	lqg1	figs-metaphor	Θεοῦ γεώργιον	1	God’s garden	Being God's garden could represent: (1) belonging to God. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that belongs to God” (2) God causing us to grow. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that God makes grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1CO	3	9	l2fq	figs-metaphor	Θεοῦ οἰκοδομή	1	God’s building	Being God's building could represent: (1) belonging to God. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that belongs to God” (2) God causing us to become what he wants. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that God is constructing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	3	10	iln9	figs-activepassive	κατὰ τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι	1	According to the grace of God that was given to me	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “According to the task that God freely gave me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	3	10	a69q	figs-metaphor	θεμέλιον ἔθηκα	1	I laid a foundation	Paul equates his teaching of faith and salvation in Jesus Christ to laying a foundation for a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	3	10	pwi7	figs-metaphor	ἄλλος…ἐποικοδομεῖ	1	another is building on it	Paul is referring to the person or people who are teaching the Corinthians at that time as if they are carpenters who are constructing the building above the foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	4	9	bb41	figs-parallelism	ὁ Θεὸς ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀποστόλους…ἀπέδειξεν	1	God has put us apostles on display	Paul expresses two ways how God has put his apostles on display for the world to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 1CO	4	9	vfq3	figs-metaphor	ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀποστόλους…ἀπέδειξεν	1	has put us apostles on display	God has displayed the apostles just like prisoners at the end of a Roman military parade, who are humiliated before their execution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	4	9	cs4r	figs-metaphor	ὡς ἐπιθανατίους	1	like men sentenced to death	God put the apostles on display like men who are about to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1CO	4	9	cqh4	figs-merism	τῷ κόσμῳ, καὶ ἀγγέλοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις	1	to the world—to angels, and to human beings	This could mean: (1) The **world** consists of both supernatural (“angels”) and natural (“human beings”). (2) The list consists of three items: “to the world, to angels, and to human beings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
+1CO	4	9	cqh4	figs-merism	τῷ κόσμῳ, καὶ ἀγγέλοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις	1	to the world—to angels, and to human beings	This could mean: (1) the **world** consists of both supernatural (“angels”) and natural (“human beings”). (2) the list consists of three items: “to the world, to angels, and to human beings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
 1CO	4	10	fkw2	figs-irony	ἡμεῖς μωροὶ…ἄτιμοι	1	We are fools … in dishonor	Paul uses irony to shame the Corinthians so they will think about what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
 1CO	4	10	wqh7		ὑμεῖς ἔνδοξοι	1	You are held in honor	“People treat you Corinthians as though you are important people”
 1CO	4	10	z22c		ἡμεῖς…ἄτιμοι	1	we are held in dishonor	“people shame us apostles”
@@ -209,9 +209,9 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	5	3	xm4e		παρὼν…τῷ πνεύματι	1	I am present in spirit	“I am with you in spirit.” Being with them in spirit represents caring about them or wanting to be with them. Alternate translation: “I care about you” or “I want to be with you”
 1CO	5	3	ax3u		ἤδη κέκρικα…τὸν οὕτως τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον	1	I have already passed judgment on the one who did this	This could mean: (1) Paul has decided what they should do with the one who did this. (2) Paul has found the person who did this guilty.
 1CO	5	4	m9yz		συναχθέντων ὑμῶν	1	When you are assembled	“When you are together” or “When you meet together”
-1CO	5	4	t83d	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ	1	in the name of our Lord Jesus	This could mean: (1) The name of the Lord Jesus is a metonym that represents his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus” (2) Being assembled in the Lord’s name implies meeting together to worship him. Alternate translation: “to worship our Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+1CO	5	4	t83d	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ	1	in the name of our Lord Jesus	This could mean: (1) the **name** of the Lord Jesus is a metonym that represents his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus” (2) being assembled in the Lord’s **name** implies meeting together to worship him. Alternate translation: “to worship our Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 1CO	5	5	xcf6	figs-metaphor	παραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ Σατανᾷ	1	hand this man over to Satan	Handing the man over to Satan represents not allowing the man to be part of their group so that Satan would be allowed to harm him. Alternate translation: “make this man leave your group so that Satan can harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1CO	5	5	nq4y	figs-metaphor	εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός	1	for the destruction of the flesh	This could mean: (1) Here, **flesh** refers to his physical body. Alternate translation: “so that Satan may harm his body” (2) Here, **flesh** is a metaphor for the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “so that his sinful nature will be destroyed” or “so that he will not continue to live according to his sinful nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1CO	5	5	nq4y	figs-metaphor	εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός	1	for the destruction of the flesh	Here, **flesh** could be: (1) a reference to his physical body. Alternate translation: “so that Satan may harm his body” (2) a metaphor for the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “so that his sinful nature will be destroyed” or “so that he will not continue to live according to his sinful nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	5	5	z2cl	figs-activepassive	ἵνα τὸ πνεῦμα σωθῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου	1	so that his spirit may be saved on the day of the Lord	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that God may save his spirit on the day of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	5	6	h2hk		οὐ καλὸν τὸ καύχημα ὑμῶν	1	Your boasting is not good	“Your boasting is bad”
 1CO	5	6	ng4m	figs-metaphor	οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι μικρὰ ζύμη, ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζυμοῖ?	1	Do you not know that a little yeast leavens the whole loaf?	Just as a little yeast spreads throughout a whole loaf of bread, so can a little sin impact the entire fellowship of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -236,9 +236,9 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	6	3	us55	figs-rquestion	οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἀγγέλους κρινοῦμεν	1	Do you not know that we will judge the angels?	Paul is surprised that they do not seem to know. Alternate translation: “You know that we will judge the angels.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	6	3	v5r5	figs-exclusive	κρινοῦμεν	1	we will judge	Paul includes himself and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 1CO	6	3	x6h3	figs-rquestion	μήτι γε βιωτικά?	1	How much more, then, can we judge matters of this life?	Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. Alternate translation: “Because we know we will judge the angels, we can also be sure that God will enable us to judge matters in this life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-1CO	6	4	vw5t	figs-rquestion	βιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε, τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε?	1	If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life, why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church?	This could mean: (1) This is a rhetorical question. (2) This is a statement, “When in the past you have settled matters that are important in this life, you have not handed off disputes between Christians to be settled by unbelievers.” (3) This is a command, “When you settle matters that are important in this life, it is even to those who have no standing in the church that you should hand off disputes to be settled!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+1CO	6	4	vw5t	figs-rquestion	βιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε, τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε?	1	If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life, why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church?	This could be: (1) a rhetorical question. (2) a statement, “When in the past you have settled matters that are important in this life, you have not handed off disputes between Christians to be settled by unbelievers.” (3) a command, “When you settle matters that are important in this life, it is even to those who have no standing in the church that you should hand off disputes to be settled!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	6	4	xn32		βιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε, τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε?	1	If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life	“If you are called upon to make decisions about daily life” or “If you must settle matters that are important in this life”
-1CO	6	4	e791	figs-rquestion	τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε?	1	why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church?	Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for how they are handling these cases. This could mean: (1) They should stop giving such cases to people who are outside the church. (2) They should give such cases even to members of the church who are not well regarded by other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+1CO	6	4	e791	figs-rquestion	τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε?	1	why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church?	Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for how they are handling these cases. This could mean: (1) they should stop giving such cases to people who are outside the church. (2) they should give such cases even to members of the church who are not well regarded by other believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	6	5	b2vy		πρὸς ἐντροπὴν ὑμῖν	1	to your shame	“to your dishonor” or “to show how you have failed in this matter”
 1CO	6	5	fue4	figs-rquestion	οὕτως οὐκ ἔνι ἐν ὑμῖν οὐδεὶς σοφὸς, ὃς δυνήσεται διακρῖναι ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ?	1	Is there no one among you wise enough to settle a dispute between brothers?	Paul is shaming the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You should be ashamed that you cannot find a wise believer to settle arguments between believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	6	5	l1hd		τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
@@ -250,8 +250,8 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	6	9	h17l	figs-rquestion	ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι	1	Or do you not know that	Paul emphasizes that they should already know this truth. Alternate translation: “You already know that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	6	9	t1rt	figs-metaphor	κληρονομήσουσιν	1	will inherit	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	6	9	vqx4		Θεοῦ Βασιλείαν οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν	1	will not inherit the kingdom of God	God will not judge them as righteous at the judgment, and they will not enter eternal life.
-1CO	6	9	h2na	figs-merism	μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται	1	male prostitutes, those who practice homosexuality	This could mean: (1) This is a merism for all homosexual activity. (2) Paul is naming two different activities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
-1CO	6	9	blc7		μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται	1	male prostitutes	This could mean: (1) This refers to men who allow other men to sleep with them. (2) This refers to men who allow men who pay them to sleep with them. (3) This refers to men who allow other men to sleep with them as part of a religious activity.
+1CO	6	9	h2na	figs-merism	μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται	1	male prostitutes, those who practice homosexuality	This could be: (1) a merism for all homosexual activity. (2) two different activities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
+1CO	6	9	blc7		μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται	1	male prostitutes	This could refer to: (1) men who allow other men to sleep with them. (2) men who allow men who pay them to sleep with them. (3) men who allow other men to sleep with them as part of a religious activity.
 1CO	6	9	qja8		ἀρσενοκοῖται	1	those who practice homosexuality	men who sleep with other men
 1CO	6	10	f7gp		κλέπται	1	thieves	people who steal from others
 1CO	6	10	bgj9		πλεονέκται	1	the greedy	people who are willing to use evil means to take others’ property
@@ -287,8 +287,8 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	7	1	jq21		ὧν ἐγράψατε	1	the issues you wrote about	The Corinthians had written a letter to Paul to ask for answers to certain questions.
 1CO	7	1	erl5		καλὸν ἀνθρώπῳ, γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι	1	“It is good for a man not to touch a woman.”	This could mean: (1) Paul is quoting what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “you wrote, ‘It is good for a man not to touch a woman.’” (2) Paul is saying what he really thinks. Alternate translation: “my answer is that yes, it is good for a man not to touch a woman.”
 1CO	7	1	ui5c		καλὸν	1	It is good	“It is most helpful”
-1CO	7	1	cm7y		ἀνθρώπῳ	1	for a man	This could mean: (1) Here, **a man** refers to a married man. Alternate translation: “a husband” (2) Here, **a man** refers to any man.
-1CO	7	1	mx7w	figs-euphemism	γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι	1	not to touch a woman	This could mean: (1) Here, **touch a woman** is a euphemism for having sexual relations. Alternate translation: “not to have sexual relations with his wife for a while” (2) Here, **touch a woman** is a metonym for marry. Alternate translation: “not to marry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1CO	7	1	cm7y		ἀνθρώπῳ	1	for a man	Here, **a man** could refer to: (1) a married man. Alternate translation: “a husband” (2) any man.
+1CO	7	1	mx7w	figs-euphemism	γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι	1	not to touch a woman	Here, **touch a woman** could be: (1) a euphemism for having sexual relations. Alternate translation: “not to have sexual relations with his wife for a while” (2) a metonym for marriage. Alternate translation: “not to marry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1CO	7	2	c3uq		διὰ δὲ	1	But because	This could mean: (1) Paul is responding to what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “That is true, but because” (2) Paul is saying what he really thinks.
 1CO	7	2	fys4		διὰ δὲ τὰς πορνείας, ἕκαστος	1	But because of temptations for many immoral acts, each	“But because Satan tempts people to commit sexual sin, each” or “But we desire to commit sexual sin because of our sinful nature, so each”
 1CO	7	3	mj8l	figs-euphemism	ὀφειλὴν	1	sexual rights	Both husbands and wives are obligated to regularly sleep with their spouses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
@@ -349,8 +349,8 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	7	35	rp3w		βρόχον	1	constraint	restriction
 1CO	7	35	ffx4		εὐπάρεδρον	1	devoted	“can concentrate on”
 1CO	7	36	jn8j		ἀσχημονεῖν ἐπὶ	1	he is acting improperly toward	“not being kind to” or “not honoring”
-1CO	7	36	crb8		τὴν παρθένον αὐτοῦ	1	his virgin	This could mean: (1) This refers to the woman whom he promised to marry. (2) This refers to his virgin daughter.
-1CO	7	36	wdj5		γαμείτωσαν	1	let them marry	This could mean: (1) He should marry his fiancée. (2) He should let his daughter get married.
+1CO	7	36	crb8		τὴν παρθένον αὐτοῦ	1	his virgin	This could refer to: (1) the woman whom he promised to marry. (2) his virgin daughter.
+1CO	7	36	wdj5		γαμείτωσαν	1	let them marry	This could mean: (1) he should marry his fiancée. (2) he should let his daughter get married.
 1CO	7	37	nm99	figs-metaphor	ὃς δὲ ἕστηκεν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἑδραῖος	1	But if he is standing firm in his heart	Here, **standing firm** is a metaphor for deciding something with certainty. Here, **heart** is metonym for a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “But if he has decided firmly in his own mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1CO	7	39	d413	figs-metaphor	γυνὴ δέδεται ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς	1	A wife is bound for as long as her husband lives	Here, **bound** is a metaphor for a close relationship between people in which they support each other emotionally, spiritually, and physically. Here it means the union of marriage. Alternate translation: “A woman is married to her husband” or “A woman is united with her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	7	39	ms7z		ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ	1	for as long as … lives	“until he dies”
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	9	1	re1t	figs-rquestion	οὐχὶ Ἰησοῦν τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν ἑόρακα	1	Have I not seen Jesus our Lord?	Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is. Alternate translation: “I have seen Jesus our Lord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	9	1	zd7e	figs-rquestion	οὐ τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	Are you not my workmanship in the Lord?	Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of their relationship to him. Alternate translation: “You believe in Christ because I have worked the way the Lord wants me to.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	9	2	j6qz	figs-metonymy	ἡ…σφραγίς μου τῆς ἀποστολῆς, ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	you are the proof of my apostleship in the Lord	**Proof** here is a metonym for the evidence needed to prove something. Alternate translation: “you are evidence I can use to prove that the Lord has chosen me to be an apostle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-1CO	9	3	b17x		ἡ ἐμὴ ἀπολογία…ἐμὲ…αὕτη:	1	This is my defense … me:	This could mean: (1) The words that follow are Paul’s defense. (2) The words in 1 Corinthians 9:1-2 are Paul’s defense. Alternate translation: “This is my defense … me.”
+1CO	9	3	b17x		ἡ ἐμὴ ἀπολογία…ἐμὲ…αὕτη:	1	This is my defense … me:	This could mean: (1) the words that follow are Paul’s defense. (2) the words in 1 Corinthians 9:1-2 are Paul’s defense. Alternate translation: “This is my defense … me.”
 1CO	9	4	mr4g	figs-rquestion	μὴ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν φαγεῖν καὶ πεῖν	1	Do we not have the right to eat and drink?	Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “We have the absolute right to receive food and drink from the churches.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	9	4	p4vq	figs-exclusive	ἔχομεν	1	we … have	Here, **we** refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 1CO	9	5	s9k8	figs-rquestion	μὴ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν ἀδελφὴν, γυναῖκα περιάγειν, ὡς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ ἀπόστολοι, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ Κηφᾶς?	1	Do we not have the right to take along with us a wife who is a believer, as do the rest of the apostles, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas?	Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “If we have believing wives, we have a right to take them with us just as the other apostles take them, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	9	12	vt6t		μή τινα ἐνκοπὴν δῶμεν	1	to cause any hindrance	“be a burden to” or “stop the spread of”
 1CO	9	13	slf9	figs-rquestion	οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι οἱ τὰ ἱερὰ ἐργαζόμενοι, τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἐσθίουσιν	1	Do you not know that those who serve in the temple eat from the things of the temple	Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you that those who serve in the temple get their food from the temple.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	9	13	wwj4	figs-rquestion	οἱ τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ παρεδρεύοντες, τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ συνμερίζονται?	1	those who serve at the altar partake from the altar?	Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you that those who serve at the altar get some of the foods and meat that people offer on the altar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-1CO	9	14	rj38	figs-metonymy	ἐκ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ζῆν	1	get their living from the gospel	The words **the gospel** here are a metonym: (1) It refers to the people to whom they tell the gospel. Alternate translation: “receive their food and other things they need from those to whom they teach the good news” (2) It refers to the result of working to tell the gospel. Alternate translation: “receive their food and other things they need because they work to tell the good news.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+1CO	9	14	rj38	figs-metonymy	ἐκ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ζῆν	1	get their living from the gospel	The words **the gospel** here are a metonym that refers to: (1) the people to whom they tell the gospel. Alternate translation: “receive their food and other things they need from those to whom they teach the good news” (2) the result of working to tell the gospel. Alternate translation: “receive their food and other things they need because they work to tell the good news.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1CO	9	15	fs7a		τούτων	1	these rights	“these things that I deserve”
 1CO	9	15	sy42	figs-activepassive	ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί	1	so that this might be done for me	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so you will do something for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	9	15	fd69		τὸ καύχημά μου…κενώσει	1	deprive me of my boasting	“take away this opportunity I have to boast”
@@ -508,21 +508,21 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	11	2	qsk9		πάντα μου μέμνησθε	1	you remember me in everything	“you think of me at all times” or “you always try act as I would want you to act” The Corinthians had not forgotten who Paul was or what he had taught them.
 1CO	11	3	k5um		θέλω δὲ	1	Now I want	This could mean: (1) Paul is saying, “Because of this, I want.” (2) Paul is saying, “However, I want.”
 1CO	11	3	hbt7		ἡ κεφαλὴ…ἐστιν	1	is the head	has authority over
-1CO	11	3	en95		κεφαλὴ…γυναικὸς ὁ ἀνήρ	1	a man is the head of a woman	This could mean: (1) Men are to have authority over women. (2) The husband is to have authority over the wife.
+1CO	11	3	en95		κεφαλὴ…γυναικὸς ὁ ἀνήρ	1	a man is the head of a woman	This could mean: (1) men are to have authority over women. (2) the husband is to have authority over the wife.
 1CO	11	4	uuv2		κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων	1	having something on his head	“and does so after placing a cloth or veil over his head”
-1CO	11	4	lit3		καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ	1	dishonors his head	This could mean: (1) Paul is saying this brings disgrace on the man. (2) Paul is saying this brings disgrace on Christ, who is the head of the man.
-1CO	11	5	b7ku		γυνὴ προσευχομένη…καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῆς	1	woman who prays … dishonors her head	This could mean: (1) Paul is saying that a woman who prays with her head uncovered brings disgrace on herself. (2) Paul is saying that a woman who prays with her head uncovered brings disgrace on her husband.
+1CO	11	4	lit3		καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ	1	dishonors his head	This could mean: (1) this brings disgrace on the man. (2) this brings disgrace on Christ, who is the head of the man.
+1CO	11	5	b7ku		γυνὴ προσευχομένη…καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῆς	1	woman who prays … dishonors her head	This could mean: (1) a woman who prays with her head uncovered brings disgrace on herself. (2) a woman who prays with her head uncovered brings disgrace on her husband.
 1CO	11	5	k5yl		ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλῇ	1	with her head uncovered	That is, without the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders.
 1CO	11	5	e1pz		τῇ ἐξυρημένῃ	1	as if her head were shaved	as if she had removed all the hair on her head with a razor
 1CO	11	6	s4r5		εἰ…αἰσχρὸν γυναικὶ	1	If it is disgraceful for a woman	It was a mark of disgrace or humiliation for a woman to have her hair shaved off or cut short.
 1CO	11	6	i624		κατακαλύπτεται	1	cover her head	place on her head the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders
-1CO	11	7	aa4r	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ὀφείλει κατακαλύπτεσθαι τὴν κεφαλήν	1	should not have his head covered	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) A man must not cover his head. (2) A man does not need to cover his head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+1CO	11	7	aa4r	figs-activepassive	οὐκ ὀφείλει κατακαλύπτεσθαι τὴν κεφαλήν	1	should not have his head covered	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) a man must not cover his head. (2) a man does not need to cover his head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	11	7	t5jn		δόξα ἀνδρός	1	glory of the man	Just as man reflects God’s greatness, the woman reflects the man’s character.
 1CO	11	8	s5ns	figs-activepassive	οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἀνὴρ ἐκ γυναικός, ἀλλὰ γυνὴ ἐξ ἀνδρός.	1	For man was not made from woman. Instead, woman was made from man	God made the woman by taking a bone from the man and making the woman from that bone. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not make the man from the woman. Instead, he made the woman from the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	11	9	w8jm		γὰρ οὐκ…διὰ τὸν ἄνδρα	1	For neither … for man	These words and all of [1 Corinthians 11:8](../11/08.md) could be put in parentheses so that the reader can see that the word **this** in **this is why … the angels** clearly refers back to the words “the woman is the glory of the man” in [1 Corinthians 11:7](../11/07.md).
-1CO	11	10	wh4c		ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς	1	have a symbol of authority on her head	This could mean: (1) This symbolizes that she has man as her head.” (2) This symbolizes that she has the authority to pray or prophesy.
+1CO	11	10	wh4c		ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς	1	have a symbol of authority on her head	This could symbolize that: (1) she has man as her head.” (2) she has the authority to pray or prophesy.
 1CO	11	11	pir4		πλὴν…ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	Nevertheless, in the Lord	“While what I have just said is all true, the most important thing is this: in the Lord”
-1CO	11	11	h9t4		ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	in the Lord	This could mean: (1) This means “among Christians, who belong to the Lord.” (2) This means “in the world as created by God.”
+1CO	11	11	h9t4		ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	in the Lord	This could mean: (1) “among Christians, who belong to the Lord.” (2) “in the world as created by God.”
 1CO	11	11	hqy4	figs-doublenegatives	οὔτε γυνὴ χωρὶς ἀνδρὸς, οὔτε ἀνὴρ χωρὶς γυναικὸς ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	the woman is not independent from the man, nor is the man independent from the woman	You can state this positively. Alternate translation: “the woman depends on the man, and the man depends on the woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 1CO	11	12	i8qu		τὰ…πάντα ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	all things come from God	“God created everything”
 1CO	11	13	eex3		ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς κρίνατε	1	Judge for yourselves	“Judge this issue according to the local customs and church practices you know”
@@ -537,10 +537,10 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	11	17	du1a		οὐκ εἰς τὸ κρεῖσσον, ἀλλὰ εἰς τὸ ἧσσον	1	it is not for the better but for the worse	“you do not help each other; instead, you harm each other”
 1CO	11	18	iu3q		ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ	1	in the church	“as believers.” Paul is not talking about being inside a building.
 1CO	11	18	l9vx		σχίσματα ἐν ὑμῖν ὑπάρχειν	1	there are divisions among you	“you divide yourselves into opposing groups”
-1CO	11	19	s9sy	figs-irony	δεῖ γὰρ καὶ αἱρέσεις ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι	1	For there must also be factions among you	This could mean: (1) The word **must** indicates that this situation is likely to happen. Alternate translation: “For there will probably be factions among you” (2) Paul was using irony to shame them for having factions. Alternate translation: “For you seem to think that there must be factions among you” or “For you seem to think that you must divide yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
+1CO	11	19	s9sy	figs-irony	δεῖ γὰρ καὶ αἱρέσεις ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι	1	For there must also be factions among you	This could mean: (1) the word **must** indicates that this situation is likely to happen. Alternate translation: “For there will probably be factions among you” (2) Paul was using irony to shame them for having factions. Alternate translation: “For you seem to think that there must be factions among you” or “For you seem to think that you must divide yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
 1CO	11	19	kcr7		αἱρέσεις	1	factions	opposing groups of people
-1CO	11	19	vfv4	figs-irony	ἵνα καὶ οἱ δόκιμοι φανεροὶ γένωνται ἐν ὑμῖν	1	so that those who are approved may be recognized among you	This could mean: (1) As a result, people will know the most highly regarded believers among them. (2) As a result, people can display this approval to the others among them. Paul may have been using irony, saying the opposite of what he wanted the Corinthians to understand, to shame them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
-1CO	11	19	j7db		δόκιμοι	1	who are approved	This could mean: (1) This may refer to the one whom God approves” (2) This may refer to the one whom the church approves.
+1CO	11	19	vfv4	figs-irony	ἵνα καὶ οἱ δόκιμοι φανεροὶ γένωνται ἐν ὑμῖν	1	so that those who are approved may be recognized among you	This could mean: (1) as a result, people will know the most highly regarded believers among them. (2) as a result, people can display this approval to the others among them. Paul may have been using irony, saying the opposite of what he wanted the Corinthians to understand, to shame them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
+1CO	11	19	j7db		δόκιμοι	1	who are approved	This could refer to: (1) the one whom God approves” (2) the one whom the church approves.
 1CO	11	20	x9h5		συνερχομένων	1	come together	“gather together”
 1CO	11	20	dse7		οὐκ ἔστιν Κυριακὸν δεῖπνον φαγεῖν	1	it is not the Lord’s Supper that you eat	“you may believe you are eating the Lord’s Supper, but you do not treat it with respect”
 1CO	11	22	zl1h		ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν	1	to eat and to drink in	“in which to gather for a meal”
@@ -551,13 +551,13 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	11	23	c197	figs-activepassive	ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ᾗ παρεδίδετο	1	on the night when he was betrayed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “on the night that Judas Iscariot betrayed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	11	24	e19d		ἔκλασεν	1	he broke it	“he pulled pieces from it”
 1CO	11	24	f6hn		τοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ σῶμα	1	This is my body	“The bread I am holding is my body”
-1CO	11	25	gr2k		τὸ ποτήριον	1	the cup	It is best to translate this literally. The Corinthians knew which cup he took, so it is not simply “a cup” or “some cup” or “any cup.” This could mean: (1) This refers to the cup of wine that one would expect him to use. (2) This refers to the third or fourth of the four cups of wine that the Jews drank at the Passover meal.
+1CO	11	25	gr2k		τὸ ποτήριον	1	the cup	It is best to translate this literally. The Corinthians knew which cup he took, so it is not simply “a cup” or “some cup” or “any cup.” This could refer to: (1) the cup of wine that one would expect him to use. (2) the third or fourth of the four cups of wine that the Jews drank at the Passover meal.
 1CO	11	25	z54e		τοῦτο ποιεῖτε, ὁσάκις ἐὰν πίνητε	1	Do this as often as you drink it	“Drink from this cup, and as often as you drink from it”
 1CO	11	26	sj1l		τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου καταγγέλλετε	1	proclaim the Lord’s death	teach about the crucifixion and resurrection
 1CO	11	26	m89f	figs-explicit	ἄχρι οὗ ἔλθῃ	1	until he comes	Where Jesus comes to can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “until Jesus comes back to the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 1CO	11	27	as6y		ἂν ἐσθίῃ τὸν ἄρτον ἢ πίνῃ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ Κυρίου	1	eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord	“eats the bread of the Lord or drinks the cup of the Lord”
 1CO	11	28	nhx7	figs-metaphor	δοκιμαζέτω	1	examine	Paul speaks of a person looking at his relationship to God and how he has been living his life as if that person is looking over something he wants to buy. See how “test the quality” is translated in [1 Corinthians 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1CO	11	29	gqd2		μὴ διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα	1	without discerning the body	This could mean: (1) That person does not recognize that the church is the body of the Lord. (2) That person does not consider that he is handling the Lord’s body.
+1CO	11	29	gqd2		μὴ διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα	1	without discerning the body	This could mean: (1) that person does not recognize that the church is the body of the Lord. (2) that person does not consider that he is handling the Lord’s body.
 1CO	11	30	kbi6		ἀσθενεῖς καὶ ἄρρωστοι	1	weak and ill	These words mean almost the same thing and can be combined, as in UST.
 1CO	11	30	vx5t	figs-euphemism	κοιμῶνται ἱκανοί	1	and many of you have fallen asleep	**Sleep** here is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “and some of you have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]).
 1CO	11	30	bh6j	figs-explicit	ἱκανοί	1	many of you	If this would sound like Paul is talking to those who have died, you may need to make explicit that he is not. Alternate translation: “some of the members of your group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	12	1	da2e			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul lets them know that God has given special gifts to believers. These gifts are to help the body of believers.
 1CO	12	1	i3k7	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν	1	I do not want you to be uninformed	You can state this as a positive. Alternate translation: “I want you to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 1CO	12	2	hbt8	figs-metaphor	ἦτε, πρὸς τὰ εἴδωλα τὰ ἄφωνα ὡς ἂν ἤγεσθε, ἀπαγόμενοι	1	you were led astray to idols who could not speak, in whatever ways you were led by them	Here, **led astray** is a metaphor for being persuaded to do something wrong. Being led astray to idols represents being wrongly persuaded to worship idols. You can state the phrases “were led astray” and “you were led by them” in active form. Alternate translation: “you were persuaded in some way to worship idols who cannot speak” or “you believed lies somehow and so you worshiped idols who cannot speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-1CO	12	3	zg4j		οὐδεὶς ἐν Πνεύματι Θεοῦ λαλῶν, λέγει	1	no one who speaks by the Spirit of God can say	This could mean: (1) This means “no Christian who has the Spirit of God in him can say.” (2) This means “no one who is prophesying by the power of the Spirit of God can say.”
+1CO	12	3	zg4j		οὐδεὶς ἐν Πνεύματι Θεοῦ λαλῶν, λέγει	1	no one who speaks by the Spirit of God can say	This could mean: (1) “no Christian who has the Spirit of God in him can say.” (2) “no one who is prophesying by the power of the Spirit of God can say.”
 1CO	12	3	jak6		ἀνάθεμα Ἰησοῦς	1	Jesus is accursed	“God will punish Jesus” or “God will make Jesus suffer”
 1CO	12	6	eth3		ὁ ἐνεργῶν τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν	1	who is working all things in everyone	“causes everyone to have them”
 1CO	12	7	x7mv	figs-activepassive	ἑκάστῳ…δίδοται	1	to each one is given	You can state this in active form. God is the one who does the giving ([1 Corinthians 12:6](../12/06.md)). Alternate translation: “God gives to each one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	12	10	c14y		ἑρμηνία γλωσσῶν	1	the interpretation of tongues	This is the ability to listen to what someone says in one language and use another language to tell people what that person is saying. Alternate translation: “the ability to interpret what is said in other languages”
 1CO	12	11	z383		τὸ ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ Πνεῦμα	1	one and the same Spirit	God gives the gifts through the work of the one and only Holy Spirit. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 12:8](../12/08.md).
 1CO	12	12	j3xl			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to talk of the variety of gifts God gives believers, God gives different gifts to different believers, but Paul wants them to know that all believers are made into one body, which is called the body of Christ. For this reason believers should have unity.
-1CO	12	13	g8uk	figs-activepassive	γὰρ ἐν ἑνὶ Πνεύματι ἡμεῖς πάντες…ἐβαπτίσθημεν	1	For by one Spirit we were all baptized	This could mean: (1) The Holy Spirit is the one who baptizes us. Alternate translation: “For one Spirit baptized us” (2) The Spirit, like the water of baptism, is the medium through which we are baptized into the body. Alternate translation: “For in one Spirit we were all baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1CO	12	13	g8uk	figs-activepassive	γὰρ ἐν ἑνὶ Πνεύματι ἡμεῖς πάντες…ἐβαπτίσθημεν	1	For by one Spirit we were all baptized	This could mean: (1) the Holy Spirit is the one who baptizes us. Alternate translation: “For one Spirit baptized us” (2) the Spirit, like the water of baptism, is the medium through which we are baptized into the body. Alternate translation: “For in one Spirit we were all baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	12	13	r9hm	figs-metonymy	εἴτε…δοῦλοι, εἴτε ἐλεύθεροι	1	whether bound or free	**Bound** here is a metonym for “slaves.” Alternate translation: “whether slave-people or free-people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1CO	12	13	r5kw	figs-activepassive	πάντες ἓν Πνεῦμα ἐποτίσθημεν	1	all were made to drink of one Spirit	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave all of us the same Spirit, and we share the Spirit as people might share a drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	12	17	rsl6	figs-rquestion	ποῦ ἡ ἀκοή?…ποῦ ἡ ὄσφρησις?	1	where would the sense of hearing be? … where would the sense of smell be?	This can be made a statement. Alternate translation: “you could not hear anything … you could not smell anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	12	25	z4kk		μὴ ᾖ σχίσμα ἐν τῷ σώματι, ἀλλὰ	1	there may be no division within the body, but	“the body may be unified, and”
 1CO	12	26	da97	figs-activepassive	δοξάζεται μέλος	1	one member is honored	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “someone gives honor to one member” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	12	27	z2ct		ὑμεῖς δέ ἐστε	1	Now you are	Here the word **now** is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
-1CO	12	28	ll3s		πρῶτον ἀποστόλους	1	first apostles	This could mean: (1) Paul is saying that the first gift he will mention is apostles. (2) Paul is saying that the most important gift is apostles.
+1CO	12	28	ll3s		πρῶτον ἀποστόλους	1	first apostles	This could mean: (1) the first gift Paul will mention is apostles. (2) the most important gift Paul will mention is apostles.
 1CO	12	28	unh1		ἀντιλήμψεις	1	those who provide helps	“those who provide help to other believers”
 1CO	12	28	l6p1		κυβερνήσεις	1	those who do the work of administration	“those who govern the church”
 1CO	12	28	w726		κυβερνήσεις	1	those who have various kinds of tongues	an individual who can speak in one or more foreign languages without having studied that language
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	12	30	q8ht	figs-rquestion	μὴ πάντες γλώσσαις λαλοῦσιν?	1	Do all of them speak with tongues?	This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Not all of them speak with tongues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	12	30	d3k8	figs-rquestion	μὴ πάντες διερμηνεύουσιν?	1	Do all of them interpret tongues?	This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Not all of them interpret tongues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	12	30	ab9e		διερμηνεύουσιν	1	interpret	This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
-1CO	12	31	vb1m		ζηλοῦτε…τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα	1	earnestly desire the greater gifts.	This could mean: (1) They must eagerly seek from God the gifts that best help the church. (2) They are eagerly looking for gifts that they think are greater because they think those are more exciting to have.
+1CO	12	31	vb1m		ζηλοῦτε…τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα	1	earnestly desire the greater gifts.	This could mean: (1) they must eagerly seek from God the gifts that best help the church. (2) they are eagerly looking for gifts that they think are greater because they think those are more exciting to have.
 1CO	13	intro	abcg			0		# 1 Corinthians 13 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul seems to interrupt his teaching about spiritual gifts. However, this chapter probably serves a larger function in his teaching.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Love<br><br>Love is the most important characteristic of the believer. This chapter fully describes love. Paul tells why love is more important than the gifts of the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Paul uses many different metaphors in this chapter. He uses these metaphors to instruct the Corinthians, especially on difficult topics. Readers often need spiritual discernment to understand these teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	13	1	n8lm			0	Connecting Statement:	Having just talked about the gifts that God gave to believers, Paul emphasizes what is more important.
 1CO	13	1	cm2n	figs-hyperbole	ταῖς γλώσσαις…τῶν ἀγγέλων	1	the tongues of … angels	This could mean: (1) Paul is exaggerating for the sake of effect and does not believe that people speak the language that angels use. (2) Paul thinks that some who speak in tongues actually speak the language that angels use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	13	6	tpz6	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ χαίρει ἐπὶ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ, συνχαίρει δὲ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ	1	It does not rejoice in unrighteousness. Instead, it rejoices in the truth	You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “It rejoices only in righteousness and truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 1CO	13	7	vf6x	figs-personification		0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues speaking about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 1CO	13	12	bn3h		βλέπομεν γὰρ ἄρτι δι’ ἐσόπτρου ἐν αἰνίγματι	1	For now we see indirectly in a mirror	Mirrors in Paul’s day were made of polished metal rather than glass and provided a dim, vague reflection.
-1CO	13	12	w2eu		βλέπομεν…ἄρτι	1	now we see	This could mean: (1) This may mean they now see Christ. (2) This may mean they now see God.
+1CO	13	12	w2eu		βλέπομεν…ἄρτι	1	now we see	This could mean: (1) they now see Christ. (2) they now see God.
 1CO	13	12	xx1g	figs-ellipsis	τότε δὲ πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον	1	but then face to face	“but then we will see Christ face to face” This means that we will be physically present with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 1CO	13	12	qp7g	figs-ellipsis	ἐπιγνώσομαι	1	I will know fully	The word “Christ” is understood. Alternate translation: “I will know Christ fully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
 1CO	13	12	i28w	figs-activepassive	καθὼς καὶ ἐπεγνώσθην	1	just as I have also been fully known	You can state this as active. Alternate translation: “just as Christ has known me fully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	14	15	fi2f		τῷ νοΐ	1	with my mind	“with words that I understand”
 1CO	14	16	niu5	figs-you	εὐλογῇς…τῇ σῇ εὐχαριστίᾳ…λέγεις	1	you praise God … you are giving thanks … you are saying	Though **you** is singular here, Paul is addressing everyone who prays only in the spirit, but not with the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 1CO	14	16	r4w5	figs-rquestion	πῶς ἐρεῖ, τὸ ἀμήν…οὐκ οἶδεν?	1	how will the outsider say “Amen” … saying?	This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “the outsider will never be able to say ‘Amen’ … saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-1CO	14	16	j3e3		τοῦ ἰδιώτου	1	the ungifted	This could mean: (1) This refers to another person. (2) This refers to people who are new to their group.
+1CO	14	16	j3e3		τοῦ ἰδιώτου	1	the ungifted	This could refer to: (1) another person. (2) people who are new to their group.
 1CO	14	16	ev63	figs-synecdoche	ἐρεῖ, τὸ ἀμήν	1	say “Amen”	“be able to agree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 1CO	14	17	a7wr	figs-you	σὺ μὲν…εὐχαριστεῖς	1	you certainly give	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word **you** here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 1CO	14	17	w25k	figs-metaphor	ὁ ἕτερος οὐκ οἰκοδομεῖται	1	the other person is not built up	Building people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. You can state this in active form. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “the other person is not strengthened” or “what you say does not strengthen any outsider who might hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -674,13 +674,13 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	14	27	wc1z		καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος	1	and each one in turn	“and they should speak one after another” or “and they should speak one at a time”
 1CO	14	27	zh9z	figs-activepassive	διερμηνευέτω	1	must interpret	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “interpret what they said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	14	27	ari2		διερμηνευέτω	1	must interpret	This means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how “interpret” is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
-1CO	14	29	a9iz		προφῆται…δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν	1	Let two or three prophets speak	This could mean: (1) Only two or three prophets should speak at any one meeting. (2) Only two or three prophets should take turns speaking at any one time.
+1CO	14	29	a9iz		προφῆται…δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν	1	Let two or three prophets speak	This could mean: (1) only two or three prophets should speak at any one meeting. (2) only two or three prophets should take turns speaking at any one time.
 1CO	14	29	m5l8	figs-activepassive	προφῆται δὲ δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν	1	to what is said	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “to what they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	14	30	sl1q	figs-activepassive	ἐὰν…ἄλλῳ ἀποκαλυφθῇ	1	if a revelation is given to another	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “if God gives someone insight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 1CO	14	31	xr69		καθ’ ἕνα…προφητεύειν	1	prophesy one by one	Only one person should prophesy at a time.
 1CO	14	31	nrq1	figs-activepassive	πάντες…παρακαλῶνται	1	all may be encouraged	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “you may encourage all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	14	33	my65		οὐ…ἐστιν ἀκαταστασίας ὁ Θεὸς	1	God is not a God of confusion	God does not create confusing situations by making people all speak at the same time.
-1CO	14	34	gjv2		σιγάτωσαν	1	let be silent	This could mean: (1) They should stop speaking. (2) They should stop speaking when someone is prophesying. or (3) They should be absolutely silent during the church service.
+1CO	14	34	gjv2		σιγάτωσαν	1	let be silent	This could mean: (1) they should stop speaking. (2) they should stop speaking when someone is prophesying. (3) they should be absolutely silent during the church service.
 1CO	14	36	h8lp	figs-rquestion	ἢ ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν, ἢ εἰς ὑμᾶς μόνους κατήντησεν?	1	Did the word of God come from you? Are you the only ones it has reached?	Paul emphasizes that the Corinthians are not the only ones who understand what God wants Christians to do. Alternate translation: “The word of God did not come from you in Corinth; you are not the only people who understand God’s will.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	14	36	mj6b	figs-metonymy	ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the word of God	**Word of God** here is a metonym for the message from God. Alternate translation: “God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1CO	14	37	ab6u		ἐπιγινωσκέτω	1	he should acknowledge	A true prophet or truly spiritual person will accept Paul’s writings as coming from the Lord.
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	15	1	xv53	figs-metaphor	ἐν ᾧ…ἑστήκατε	1	on which you stand	Paul is speaking of the Corinthians as if they were a house and the gospel as if it were the foundation on which the house was standing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	15	2	xh29	figs-activepassive	σῴζεσθε	1	you are being saved	You can state this in active form. “God will save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 1CO	15	2	le2k		τίνι λόγῳ εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν	1	the word I preached to you	“the message I preached to you”
-1CO	15	3	sp4p		ἐν πρώτοις	1	as of first importance	This could mean: (1) This is the most important of many things. (2) This is the first in time.
+1CO	15	3	sp4p		ἐν πρώτοις	1	as of first importance	This could mean: (1) this is the most important of many things. (2) this is the first in time.
 1CO	15	3	azw6		ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν	1	for our sins	“to pay for our sins” or “so that God could forgive our sins”
 1CO	15	3	inj2		κατὰ τὰς Γραφάς	1	according to the scriptures	Paul is referring to the writings of the Old Testament.
 1CO	15	4	wa7m	figs-activepassive	ἐτάφη	1	he was buried	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	15	8	vg7t	figs-idiom	τῷ ἐκτρώματι	1	a child born at the wrong time	This is an idiom by which Paul may mean that he became a Christian much later than the other apostles. Or perhaps he means that, unlike the other apostles, he did not witness Jesus’ three-year-long ministry. Alternate translation: “someone who missed the experiences of the others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 1CO	15	10	xiq6		χάριτι…Θεοῦ, εἰμι ὅ εἰμι	1	by the grace of God I am what I am	God’s grace or kindness has made Paul as he is now.
 1CO	15	10	n45h	figs-litotes	ἡ χάρις αὐτοῦ ἡ εἰς ἐμὲ, οὐ κενὴ ἐγενήθη	1	his grace in me was not in vain	Paul is emphasizing through litotes that God worked through Paul. Alternate translation: “because he was kind to me, I was able to do much good work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
-1CO	15	10	xh95	figs-metaphor	ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί	1	the grace of God that is with me	Paul speaks of the work he was able to do because God was kind to him as if that grace were actually doing the work. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) This is literally true, and God actually did the work and kindly used Paul as a tool. (2) Paul is using a metaphor and saying that God was kind to let Paul do the work and to make Paul’s work have good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1CO	15	10	xh95	figs-metaphor	ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί	1	the grace of God that is with me	Paul speaks of the work he was able to do because God was kind to him as if that grace were actually doing the work. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) this is literally true, and God actually did the work and kindly used Paul as a tool. (2) Paul is using a metaphor and saying that God was kind to let Paul do the work and to make Paul’s work have good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	15	12	ub2p	figs-rquestion	πῶς λέγουσιν ἐν ὑμῖν τινες, ὅτι ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν?	1	how can some of you say there is no resurrection of the dead?	Paul is using this question to begin a new topic. Alternate translation: “you should not be saying that there is no resurrection of the dead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	15	12	jbi8		ἐγήγερται	1	raised	made alive again
 1CO	15	13	cn2m	figs-hypo	εἰ…ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν, οὐδὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται	1	if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised	Paul is using a hypothetical case to argue that there is a resurrection of the dead. He knows that Christ has been raised and so infers that there is a resurrection. To say that there is no resurrection is to say that Christ has not been raised, but this is false because Paul has seen the resurrected Christ ([1 Corinthians 15:8](../15/08.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	15	33	q7uc		φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρηστὰ ὁμιλίαι κακαί	1	Bad company corrupts good morals	If you live with bad people, you will act like them. Paul is quoting a common saying.
 1CO	15	34	gr3v		ἐκνήψατε	1	Sober up	“You must think seriously about this”
 1CO	15	35	w4hk			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul gives some specifics about how the resurrection of the believers’ bodies will take place. He gives a picture of natural and spiritual bodies and compares the first man Adam with the last Adam, Christ.
-1CO	15	35	hw4a	figs-rquestion	ἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις, πῶς ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί? ποίῳ δὲ σώματι ἔρχονται?	1	But someone will say, “How are the dead raised, and with what kind of body will they come?”	This could mean: (1) The person is asking sincerely. (2) The person is using the question to mock the idea of a resurrection. Alternate translation: “But some will say that they cannot imagine how God will raise the dead, and what kind of body God would give them in the resurrection.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+1CO	15	35	hw4a	figs-rquestion	ἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις, πῶς ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί? ποίῳ δὲ σώματι ἔρχονται?	1	But someone will say, “How are the dead raised, and with what kind of body will they come?”	This could mean: (1) the person is asking sincerely. (2) the person is using the question to mock the idea of a resurrection. Alternate translation: “But some will say that they cannot imagine how God will raise the dead, and what kind of body God would give them in the resurrection.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 1CO	15	35	ty4t		ἐρεῖ τις	1	someone will say	“someone will ask”
 1CO	15	35	e5lv		ποίῳ…σώματι ἔρχονται	1	with what kind of body will they come	That is, will it be a physical body or a spiritual body? What shape will the body have? What will the body be made of? Translate using the most general question that someone who wants to know the answers to these questions would ask.
 1CO	15	36	ha84	figs-you	ἄφρων! σὺ ὃ σπείρεις	1	You are so foolish! What you sow	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so both instances of **you** here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	15	37	h6zi	figs-you	ὃ σπείρεις	1	What you sow	Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word **you** here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 1CO	15	38	dmx1		ὁ…Θεὸς δίδωσιν αὐτῷ σῶμα, καθὼς ἠθέλησεν	1	God will give it a body as he chooses	“God will decide what kind of body it will have”
 1CO	15	39	qi8y		σὰρξ	1	flesh	In the context of animals, “flesh” may be translated as “body,” “skin,” or “meat.”
-1CO	15	40	d9k2		σώματα ἐπουράνια	1	heavenly bodies	This could mean: (1) This refers to the sun, moon, stars, and other visible lights in the sky. (2) This refers to heavenly beings, such as angels and other supernatural beings.
+1CO	15	40	d9k2		σώματα ἐπουράνια	1	heavenly bodies	This could refer to: (1) the sun, moon, stars, and other visible lights in the sky. (2) heavenly beings, such as angels and other supernatural beings.
 1CO	15	40	k9pg		σώματα ἐπίγεια	1	earthly bodies	This refers to humans.
 1CO	15	40	qg3p		ἑτέρα μὲν ἡ τῶν ἐπουρανίων δόξα, ἑτέρα δὲ ἡ τῶν ἐπιγείων	1	the glory of the heavenly body is one kind and the glory of the earthly is another	“the glory that heavenly bodies have is different from the glory of human bodies”
 1CO	15	40	j1kb		δόξα	1	glory	Here, **glory** refers to the relative brightness to the human eye of objects in the sky.
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	15	48	s9pn		οἱ…ἐπουράνιοι	1	those who are of heaven	“those who belong to God”
 1CO	15	49	mq8z		ἐφορέσαμεν τὴν εἰκόνα…φορέσωμεν καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα	1	have borne the image … will also bear the image	“have been just like … will also be just like”
 1CO	15	50	jub2			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul wants them to realize that some believers will not die physically but will still get a resurrected body through Christ’s victory.
-1CO	15	50	mwy3	figs-parallelism	σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται, οὐδὲ ἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν κληρονομεῖ	1	flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither does what is perishable inherit what is imperishable	This could mean: (1) The two sentences mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “human beings who will surely die cannot inherit the permanent kingdom of God” (2) The second sentence finishes the thought begun by the first. Alternate translation: “weak human beings cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither do those who will certainly die inherit a kingdom that will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
+1CO	15	50	mwy3	figs-parallelism	σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται, οὐδὲ ἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν κληρονομεῖ	1	flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither does what is perishable inherit what is imperishable	This could mean: (1) the two sentences mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “human beings who will surely die cannot inherit the permanent kingdom of God” (2) the second sentence finishes the thought begun by the first. Alternate translation: “weak human beings cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither do those who will certainly die inherit a kingdom that will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 1CO	15	50	nz7s	figs-metaphor	σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα	1	flesh and blood	Those who inhabit a body that is doomed to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 1CO	15	50	e4gd	figs-metaphor	κληρονομῆσαι	1	inherit	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	15	50	b9hc		ἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν	1	the perishable … the imperishable	“can rot … cannot rot.” See how these words are translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](../15/42.md).
@@ -803,10 +803,10 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	16	1	zh6u			0	Connecting Statement:	In his closing notes, Paul reminds the Corinthian believers to collect money for the needy believers in Jerusalem. He reminds them that Timothy will come to them before he goes to Paul.
 1CO	16	1	yer5		εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους	1	for the saints	Paul was collecting money from his churches for the poor Jewish Christians in Jerusalem and Judea.
 1CO	16	1	kh6h		ὥσπερ διέταξα	1	as I directed	“as I gave specific instructions”
-1CO	16	2	h8n9		θησαυρίζων	1	storing up	Possible meanings are: (1) “keep it at home” (2) “leave it with the church”
+1CO	16	2	h8n9		θησαυρίζων	1	storing up	This could mean: (1) “keep it at home.” (2) “leave it with the church.”
 1CO	16	2	wc3w		ἵνα μὴ ὅταν ἔλθω, τότε λογεῖαι γίνωνται	1	so that there will be no collections when I come	“so that you will not have to collect more money while I am with you”
 1CO	16	3	yj6c		οὓς ἐὰν δοκιμάσητε	1	whomever you approve	Paul is telling the church to choose some of their own people to take their offering to Jerusalem. “whomever you choose” or “the people you appoint”
-1CO	16	3	j612		δι’ ἐπιστολῶν…πέμψω	1	I will send with letters	This could mean: (1) This mean Paul will send with letters that he will write. (2) This means Paul will send with letters that they will write.
+1CO	16	3	j612		δι’ ἐπιστολῶν…πέμψω	1	I will send with letters	This could mean: (1) Paul will send with letters that he will write. (2) Paul will send with letters that they will write.
 1CO	16	6	w94k		ὑμεῖς με προπέμψητε, οὗ ἐὰν πορεύωμαι	1	you may help me on my way, wherever I go	This means they might give Paul money or other things he needs so that he and his ministry team could continue to travel.
 1CO	16	7	xr88		οὐ θέλω…ὑμᾶς ἄρτι…ἰδεῖν	1	I do not wish to see you now	Paul is stating that he wants to visit for a long time later, not just for a short time soon.
 1CO	16	8	qkw9		τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς	1	Pentecost	Paul would stay in Ephesus until this festival, which came in May or June, 50 days after Passover. He would then travel through Macedonia, and later try to arrive in Corinth before winter started in November.
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 1CO	16	12	is6j	figs-exclusive	Ἀπολλῶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ	1	our brother Apollos	Here the word **our** refers to Paul and his readers, so it is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 1CO	16	13	p2la	figs-parallelism	γρηγορεῖτε, στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει, ἀνδρίζεσθε, κραταιοῦσθε	1	Stay alert; stand firm in the faith; act like men; be strong	Paul is describing what he wants the Corinthians to do as if he was giving four commands to soldiers in war. These four commands mean almost the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 1CO	16	13	ng8n	figs-metaphor	γρηγορεῖτε	1	Stay alert	Paul speaks of people being aware of what is happening as if they were guards keeping watch over a city or vineyard. You can state this more clearly. Alternate translation: “Be careful whom you trust” or “Watch out for danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-1CO	16	13	uys8	figs-metaphor	στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει	1	stand firm in the faith	Paul speaks of people continuing to believe in Christ according to his teaching as if they were soldiers refusing to retreat when the enemy attacks. This could mean: (1) They should keep strongly believing what Paul and his companions have taught them. (2) They should keep strongly trusting in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+1CO	16	13	uys8	figs-metaphor	στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει	1	stand firm in the faith	Paul speaks of people continuing to believe in Christ according to his teaching as if they were soldiers refusing to retreat when the enemy attacks. This could mean: (1) they should keep strongly believing what Paul and his companions have taught them. (2) they should keep strongly trusting in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	16	13	a3fs	figs-metaphor	ἀνδρίζεσθε	1	act like men	In the society in which Paul and his audience lived, men usually provided for families by doing the heavy work and fighting against invaders. You can state this more clearly. Alternate translation: “be responsible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 1CO	16	14	rij5		πάντα ὑμῶν ἐν ἀγάπῃ γινέσθω	1	Let all that you do be done in love	“Everything you do should show people that you love them”
 1CO	16	15	fy4e			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul begins to close his letter and sends greetings from other churches, as well as from Prisca, Aquila, and Paul himself.

en_tn_48-2CO.tsv

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	1	3	px2q	figs-activepassive	εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	May the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ be praised	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “May we always praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	1	3	k7dl		ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ	1	the God and Father	“God, who is the Father”
 2CO	1	3	pg4a	figs-parallelism	ὁ Πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν καὶ Θεὸς πάσης παρακλήσεως	1	the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort	These two phrases express the same idea in two different ways. Both phrases refer to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
-2CO	1	3	blv4		ὁ Πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν καὶ Θεὸς πάσης παρακλήσεως	1	the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort	This could mean: (1) The words **mercies** and **all comfort** describe the character of **Father** and **God**. (2) The words **Father** and **God** refer to one who is the source of **mercies** and **all comfort**.
+2CO	1	3	blv4		ὁ Πατὴρ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν καὶ Θεὸς πάσης παρακλήσεως	1	the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort	This could mean: (1) the words **mercies** and **all comfort** describe the character of **Father** and **God**. (2) the words **Father** and **God** refer to one who is the source of **mercies** and **all comfort**.
 2CO	1	4	n2lc	figs-exclusive	παρακαλῶν ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει ἡμῶν	1	comforts us in all our affliction	Here, **us** and **our** include the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 2CO	1	5	nn5a	figs-metaphor	ὅτι καθὼς περισσεύει τὰ παθήματα τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς ἡμᾶς	1	For just as the sufferings of Christ abound toward us	Paul speaks of Christ’s sufferings as if they were objects that could increase in number. Alternate translation: “For just as Christ suffered greatly for our sake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	1	5	i254		τὰ παθήματα τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the sufferings of Christ	This could mean: (1) This refers to the suffering that Paul and Timothy experience because they preach the message about Christ. (2) This refers to the suffering that Christ experienced on their behalf.
+2CO	1	5	i254		τὰ παθήματα τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the sufferings of Christ	This could refer to: (1) the suffering that Paul and Timothy experience because they preach the message about Christ. (2) the suffering that Christ experienced on their behalf.
 2CO	1	5	tg9w	figs-metaphor	περισσεύει…ἡ παράκλησις ἡμῶν	1	our comfort abounds	Paul speaks of comfort as if it were an object that could increase in size. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	1	6	y9bi	figs-exclusive	εἴτε δὲ θλιβόμεθα	1	But if we are afflicted	Here the word **we** refers to Paul and Timothy, but not to the Corinthians. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “But if people afflict us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	1	6	wyj4	figs-activepassive	εἴτε παρακαλούμεθα	1	if we are comforted	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “if God comforts us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	1	20	h2xc	figs-explicit	ὅσαι…ἐπαγγελίαι Θεοῦ, ἐν αὐτῷ τὸ ναί	1	all the promises of God are “Yes” in him	This means that Jesus guarantees all of God’s promises. Alternate translation: “all the promises of God are guaranteed in Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	1	20	h4uv		ἐν αὐτῷ τὸ ναί…δι’ αὐτοῦ…δι’ ἡμῶν	1	“Yes” in him … through him we say	The word **him** refers to Jesus Christ.
 2CO	1	21	d3s3		ὁ δὲ βεβαιῶν ἡμᾶς σὺν ὑμῖν εἰς Χριστὸν καὶ χρίσας ἡμᾶς Θεός	1	Now God is the one who establishes us with you	This could mean: (1) Paul is saying that God confirms the relationship of him and his team with each other because they are in Christ. (2) Paul is saying that God confirms the relationship of him and his team, and the Corinthians, with Christ.
-2CO	1	21	tjc6		χρίσας ἡμᾶς	1	he anointed us	This could mean: (1) He sent us to preach the gospel. (2) He chose us to be his people.
+2CO	1	21	tjc6		χρίσας ἡμᾶς	1	he anointed us	This could mean: (1) he sent us to preach the gospel. (2) he chose us to be his people.
 2CO	1	22	z43l	figs-metaphor	ὁ καὶ σφραγισάμενος ἡμᾶς	1	the one who also sealed us	Paul speaks of God showing that we belong to him as if God had put a mark on us as a sign that we belong to him. Alternate translation: “he has put his mark of ownership on us” or “he has shown that we belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	1	22	xe98	figs-metonymy	δοὺς τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν	1	he gave us the pledge of the Spirit in our hearts	Here the word **hearts** refers to the innermost part of a person. Alternate translation: “gave us the Spirit to live within each of us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	1	22	jcv7	figs-metaphor	τὸν ἀρραβῶνα τοῦ Πνεύματος	1	the pledge of the Spirit	The Spirit is spoken of as if he was a partial downpayment toward eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	2	7	vpx1	figs-activepassive	μή…τῇ περισσοτέρᾳ λύπῃ, καταποθῇ	1	he is not overwhelmed by too much sorrow	This means to have a strong emotional response of too much sorrow. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “too much sorrow does not overwhelm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	2	8	r916			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages the church in Corinth to show love and to forgive the person they have punished. He writes that he, also, has forgiven him.
 2CO	2	8	yi2z		κυρῶσαι εἰς αὐτὸν ἀγάπην	1	publicly affirm your love for him	This means that they are to confirm their love for this man in the presence of all of the believers.
-2CO	2	9	xw5t	figs-explicit	εἰς πάντα ὑπήκοοί ἐστε	1	you are obedient in everything	This could mean: (1) The Corinthians are obedient to God in everything. (2) The Corinthians are obedient in everything that Paul has taught them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+2CO	2	9	xw5t	figs-explicit	εἰς πάντα ὑπήκοοί ἐστε	1	you are obedient in everything	This could mean: (1) the Corinthians are obedient to God in everything. (2) the Corinthians are obedient in everything that Paul has taught them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	2	10	lzp6	figs-activepassive	δι’ ὑμᾶς	1	it is forgiven for your sake	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “I have forgiven it for your sake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	2	10	cbm6		δι’ ὑμᾶς	1	forgiven for your sake	This could mean: (1) This may mean they are forgiven out of Paul's love for them. (2) This may mean they are forgiven for their benefit.
+2CO	2	10	cbm6		δι’ ὑμᾶς	1	forgiven for your sake	This could mean: (1) they are forgiven out of Paul's love for them. (2) they are forgiven for their benefit.
 2CO	2	11	m46t	figs-litotes	οὐ γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὰ νοήματα ἀγνοοῦμεν	1	For we are not ignorant of his plans	Paul uses a negative expression to emphasize the opposite. Alternate translation: “For we know his plans well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 2CO	2	12	l6vd			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages the believers in Corinth by telling them of the opportunities he has had to preach the gospel in Troas and Macedonia.
 2CO	2	12	a1ti	figs-metaphor	εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ θύρας μοι ἀνεῳγμένης ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	a door for the gospel of Christ was opened to me in the Lord	Paul speaks of his opportunity to preach the gospel as if it were a door through which he was allowed to walk. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord opened a door to me … to preach the gospel” or “The Lord gave me the opportunity … to preach the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -84,12 +84,12 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	2	14	l1nr	figs-metaphor	τὴν ὀσμὴν τῆς γνώσεως αὐτοῦ, φανεροῦντι δι’ ἡμῶν ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ	1	Through us he spreads the sweet aroma of the knowledge of him everywhere	Paul speaks of the knowledge of Christ as if it were incense that has a pleasing smell. Alternate translation: “He causes the knowledge of Christ to spread to everyone who hears us, just as the sweet smell of burning incense spreads to everyone near it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	2	14	eq21		φανεροῦντι…ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ	1	he spreads … everywhere	“he spreads … everywhere we go”
 2CO	2	15	x6nn	figs-metaphor	Χριστοῦ εὐωδία ἐσμὲν τῷ Θεῷ	1	we are to God the sweet aroma of Christ	Paul speaks of his ministry as if it were a burnt offering that someone offers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	2	15	b1k1		Χριστοῦ εὐωδία ἐσμὲν τῷ Θεῷ	1	the sweet aroma of Christ	This could mean: (1) This refers to the sweet aroma which is the knowledge of Christ. (2) This refers to the sweet aroma that Christ offers.
+2CO	2	15	b1k1		Χριστοῦ εὐωδία ἐσμὲν τῷ Θεῷ	1	the sweet aroma of Christ	This could refer to: (1) the sweet aroma which is the knowledge of Christ. (2) the sweet aroma that Christ offers.
 2CO	2	15	itc8	figs-activepassive	τοῖς σῳζομένοις	1	those who are saved	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God has saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	2	16	dwk6	figs-metaphor	ὀσμὴ	1	an aroma	“the knowledge of Christ is an aroma.” This refers back to [2 Corinthians 2:14](../02/14.md), where Paul speaks of the knowledge of Christ as if it were incense that has a pleasing smell. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	2	16	ud2u	figs-doublet	ὀσμὴ ἐκ θανάτου εἰς θάνατον	1	an aroma from death to death	This could mean: (1) The word **death** is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that causes death.” (2) This refers to an aroma of death that causes people to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+2CO	2	16	ud2u	figs-doublet	ὀσμὴ ἐκ θανάτου εἰς θάνατον	1	an aroma from death to death	This could mean: (1) the word **death** is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that causes death.” (2) this refers to an aroma of death that causes people to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 2CO	2	16	v2n3	figs-activepassive	οἷς	1	to the other	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the ones whom God is saving” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	2	16	cdr3	figs-doublet	ὀσμὴ ἐκ ζωῆς εἰς ζωήν	1	a fragrance from life to life	This could mean: (1) The word **life** is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that gives life.” (2) This refers to an aroma of life that gives people live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
+2CO	2	16	cdr3	figs-doublet	ὀσμὴ ἐκ ζωῆς εἰς ζωήν	1	a fragrance from life to life	This could mean: (1) the word **life** is repeated for emphasis and the phrase means “an aroma that gives life.” (2) this refers to an aroma of life that gives people live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 2CO	2	16	be6x	figs-rquestion	πρὸς ταῦτα τίς ἱκανός?	1	who is worthy of these things?	Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one is worthy to do the ministry that God has called them to do. Alternate translation: “No one is worthy of these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 2CO	2	17	a5sa	figs-metonymy	καπηλεύοντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	who sell the word of God	**Word** here is a metonym for “message.” Alternate translation: “who sell God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	2	17	x86y		εἰλικρινείας	1	sincerity	“pure motives”
@@ -183,10 +183,10 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	4	9	uvq1	figs-activepassive	καταβαλλόμενοι, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἀπολλύμενοι	1	We are struck down but not destroyed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “People strike us down but do not destroy us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	4	9	z8np		καταβαλλόμενοι, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἀπολλύμενοι	1	We are struck down	“We are hurt badly”
 2CO	4	10	zt4b	figs-metaphor	πάντοτε τὴν νέκρωσιν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι περιφέροντες	1	We always carry in our body the death of Jesus	Paul speaks of his sufferings as if they are an experience of the death of Jesus. Alternate translation: “We are often in danger of dying, as Jesus died” or “We always suffer in such a way that we experience the death of Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	4	10	l6f6		ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἡμῶν φανερωθῇ	1	the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies	This could mean: (1) Our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive. (2) The spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies.
+2CO	4	10	l6f6		ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἡμῶν φανερωθῇ	1	the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies	This could mean: (1) our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive. (2) the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies.
 2CO	4	10	w3jc	figs-activepassive	ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἡμῶν φανερωθῇ	1	the life of Jesus also may be shown in our bodies	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “other people may see the life of Jesus in our bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	4	11	ht74	figs-metaphor	ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡμεῖς, οἱ ζῶντες, εἰς θάνατον παραδιδόμεθα διὰ Ἰησοῦν	1	For we who are alive are always being handed over to death for the sake of Jesus	Carrying the death of Jesus represents being in danger of dying because of being loyal to Jesus. Alternate translation: “For those of us who are alive, God is always leading us to face death because we are joined to Jesus” or “People are always causing us who are alive to be in danger of dying because we are joined to Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	4	11	d1wm		ἵνα καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φανερωθῇ ἐν τῇ θνητῇ σαρκὶ ἡμῶν	1	so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our mortal flesh	God wants Jesus’ life be shown in us. This could mean: (1) Our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive. (2) The spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](../04/10.md).
+2CO	4	11	d1wm		ἵνα καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φανερωθῇ ἐν τῇ θνητῇ σαρκὶ ἡμῶν	1	so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our mortal flesh	God wants Jesus’ life be shown in us. This could mean: (1) our bodies will live again, because Jesus is alive. (2) the spiritual life that Jesus gives also may be shown in our bodies. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](../04/10.md).
 2CO	4	11	ww5r	figs-activepassive	ἵνα καὶ ἡ ζωὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φανερωθῇ ἐν τῇ θνητῇ σαρκὶ ἡμῶν	1	so that the life of Jesus may be shown in our mortal flesh	You can state this in active form. See how you translated this phrase in [2 Corinthians 4:10](../04/10.md). Alternate translation: “so other people may see the life of Jesus in our body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	4	12	q3il	figs-personification	ὁ θάνατος ἐν ἡμῖν ἐνεργεῖται, ἡ δὲ ζωὴ ἐν ὑμῖν	1	death is at work in us, but life is at work in you	Paul speaks of death and life as if they are persons who can work. This means that they are always in danger of physical death so that the Corinthians can have spiritual life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 2CO	4	13	ret6		τὸ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πίστεως	1	the same spirit of faith	“the same attitude of faith.” Here the word **spirit** refers a person’s attitude and temperament.
@@ -235,16 +235,16 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	5	10	v8sl	figs-activepassive	τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος	1	the things done in the body	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the things he has done in the physical body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	5	10	lsh8		εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε κακὸν	1	whether for good or for bad	“whether those things were good or bad”
 2CO	5	11	dzh5		εἰδότες…τὸν φόβον τοῦ Κυρίου	1	knowing the fear of the Lord	“knowing what it means to fear the Lord”
-2CO	5	11	qm34	figs-explicit	ἀνθρώπους πείθομεν	1	we persuade people	This could mean: (1) We persuade people of the truth of the gospel. (2) We persuade people that we are legitimate apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+2CO	5	11	qm34	figs-explicit	ἀνθρώπους πείθομεν	1	we persuade people	This could mean: (1) we persuade people of the truth of the gospel. (2) we persuade people that we are legitimate apostles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	5	11	v11v	figs-activepassive	Θεῷ…πεφανερώμεθα	1	What we are is clearly seen by God	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God clearly sees what kind of people we are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	5	11	y5l1		καὶ ἐν ταῖς συνειδήσεσιν ὑμῶν πεφανερῶσθαι	1	that it is also clear to your conscience	“that you are also convinced of it”
 2CO	5	12	mza1		ἵνα ἔχητε	1	so you may have an answer	“so you may have something to say to”
 2CO	5	12	it2r	figs-metonymy	τοὺς ἐν προσώπῳ καυχωμένους, καὶ μὴ ἐν καρδίᾳ	1	those who boast about appearances but not about what is in the heart	Here the word **appearances** refers to outward expressions of things like ability and status. The word **heart** refers to the inward character of a person. Alternate translation: “those who praise their own actions, but do not care about what they really are in their inner being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	5	13	cy57	figs-idiom	εἴτε…ἐξέστημεν…εἴτε σωφρονοῦμεν	1	if we are out of our minds … if we are in our right minds	Paul is speaking about the way others think of him and his coworkers. Alternate translation: “if people think we are crazy … if people think we are sane” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
-2CO	5	14	azi9		ἡ γὰρ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the love of Christ	This could mean: (1) This refers to our love for Christ. (2) This refers to Christ’s love for us.
+2CO	5	14	azi9		ἡ γὰρ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the love of Christ	This could refer to: (1) our love for Christ. (2) Christ’s love for us.
 2CO	5	14	nd9g		ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν	1	died for all	“died for all people”
 2CO	5	15	h831		τῷ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἀποθανόντι καὶ ἐγερθέντι	1	him who for their sake died and was raised	“him who for their sake died and whom God caused to live again” or “Christ, who died for their sake and whom God raised”
-2CO	5	15	ri6f		ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν	1	for them	This could mean: (1) These words refer only to “died.” (2) These words refer to both “died” and “was raised.”
+2CO	5	15	ri6f		ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν	1	for them	This could refer: (1) only to “died.” (2) to both “died” and “was raised.”
 2CO	5	16	f2ww			0	Connecting Statement:	Because of Christ’s love and death, we are not to judge by human standards. We are appointed to teach others how to be united with and have peace with God through Christ’s death and receive God’s righteousness through Christ.
 2CO	5	16	ic21		ὥστε	1	For this reason	This refers to what Paul has just said about living for Christ instead of living for self.
 2CO	5	17	tl3h	figs-metaphor	καινὴ κτίσις	1	he is a new creation	Paul speaks of the person who believes in Christ as if God had created a new person. Alternate translation: “he is a new person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	6	7	p5l5		ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ	1	in the power of God	“by showing God’s power to people”
 2CO	6	7	ven8	figs-metaphor	διὰ τῶν ὅπλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν	1	through the weapons of righteousness for the right hand and for the left	Paul speaks of their righteousness as if it is weapons that they use to fight spiritual battles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	6	7	ef5b		τῶν ὅπλων τῆς δικαιοσύνης	1	the weapons of righteousness	“righteousness as our armor” or “righteousness as our weapons”
-2CO	6	7	ijr2		τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν	1	for the right hand and for the left	This could mean: (1) There is a weapon in one hand and a shield in the other. (2) They are completely equipped for battle, able to fend off attacks from any direction.
+2CO	6	7	ijr2		τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν	1	for the right hand and for the left	This could mean: (1) there is a weapon in one hand and a shield in the other. (2) they are completely equipped for battle, able to fend off attacks from any direction.
 2CO	6	8	zi7d	figs-merism		0	General Information:	Paul lists several extremes of how people think about him and his ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
 2CO	6	8	e4pf	figs-activepassive	ὡς πλάνοι	1	as imposters	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “People accuse us of being deceitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	6	9	fcb5	figs-activepassive	ὡς ἀγνοούμενοι καὶ ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι	1	as if we were unknown and we are still well known	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “as if people did not know us and yet people still know us well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	7	5	f3c5	figs-exclusive	ἐλθόντων ἡμῶν εἰς Μακεδονίαν	1	When we came to Macedonia	Here the word **we** refers to Paul and Timothy but not to the Corinthians or Titus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 2CO	7	5	c8ju	figs-synecdoche	οὐδεμίαν ἔσχηκεν ἄνεσιν ἡ σὰρξ ἡμῶν	1	our flesh had no rest	Here, **bodies** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “we had no rest” or “we were very tired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 2CO	7	5	h3cv	figs-activepassive	ἐν παντὶ θλιβόμενοι	1	we were troubled in every way	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “we experienced trouble in every way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-2CO	7	5	i4wr	figs-explicit	ἔξωθεν μάχαι, ἔσωθεν φόβοι	1	by conflicts on the outside and fears on the inside	Here, **outside** could mean: (1) This means “outside of our bodies.” (2) This means “outside of the church.” The word **inside** refers to their inward emotions. Alternate translation: “by conflicts with other people and by fears within ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+2CO	7	5	i4wr	figs-explicit	ἔξωθεν μάχαι, ἔσωθεν φόβοι	1	by conflicts on the outside and fears on the inside	Here, **outside** could mean: (1) “outside of our bodies.” (2) “outside of the church.” The word **inside** refers to their inward emotions. Alternate translation: “by conflicts with other people and by fears within ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	7	7	w7td	figs-explicit	ἐν τῇ παρακλήσει ᾗ παρεκλήθη ἐφ’ ὑμῖν	1	by the comfort that Titus had received from you	Paul received comfort from knowing that the Corinthians had comforted Titus. Alternate translation: “by learning about the comfort that Titus had received from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	7	8	b2xj			0	General Information:	This refers to Paul’s previous letter to these Corinthian believers where he rebuked them for their acceptance of a believer’s sexual immorality with his father’s wife.
 2CO	7	8	jic5			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul praises them for their godly sorrow, their zeal to do right, and the joy that it brought him and Titus.
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	7	9	kn5q	figs-activepassive	οὐχ ὅτι ἐλυπήθητε	1	not because you were distressed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “not because what I said in my letter distressed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	7	9	l6d2	figs-idiom	ἐν μηδενὶ ζημιωθῆτε ἐξ ἡμῶν	1	you would not suffer loss in anything through us	“you suffered no loss because we rebuked you.” This means that although the letter caused them sorrow, they eventually benefited from the letter because it led them to repentance. Alternate translation: “so that we did not harm you in any way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 2CO	7	10	dtm3	figs-ellipsis	ἡ γὰρ κατὰ Θεὸν λύπη, μετάνοιαν εἰς σωτηρίαν	1	For the sorrow that God intends produces repentance that leads to salvation	The word **repentance** may be repeated to clarify its relationship to what precedes it and what follows it. Alternate translation: “For godly sorrow produces repentance, and repentance leads to salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
-2CO	7	10	lc4m		ἀμεταμέλητον	1	without regret	This could mean: (1) Paul has no regret that he caused them sorrow because that sorrow led to their repentance and salvation. (2) The Corinthians will not regret experiencing sorrow because it led to their repentance and salvation.
+2CO	7	10	lc4m		ἀμεταμέλητον	1	without regret	This could mean: (1) Paul has no regret that he caused them sorrow because that sorrow led to their repentance and salvation. (2) the Corinthians will not regret experiencing sorrow because it led to their repentance and salvation.
 2CO	7	10	lc1s	figs-explicit	ἡ δὲ τοῦ κόσμου λύπη, θάνατον κατεργάζεται	1	But the sorrow of the world produces death	This kind of sorrow leads to death instead of salvation because it does not produce repentance. Alternate translation: “Worldly sorrow, however, leads to spiritual death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 2CO	7	11	l24s		ἰδοὺ γὰρ αὐτὸ τοῦτο	1	For see what this very same thing	“Look and see for yourselves what great determination”
 2CO	7	11	gpp2	figs-exclamations	σπουδήν: ἀλλὰ ἀπολογίαν	1	what earnestness, what eagerness to defend yourselves	Here the word **How** makes this statement an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your determination to prove you were innocent was very great!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	7	14	q5hg		ἡ καύχησις ἡμῶν ἡ ἐπὶ Τίτου ἀλήθεια ἐγενήθη	1	our boasting about you to Titus proved to be true	“you proved that our boasting about you to Titus was true”
 2CO	7	15	d87j	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν πάντων ὑμῶν ὑπακοήν	1	the obedience of all of you	You can state this noun “obedience” with a verb, “obey.” Alternate translation: “how all of you obeyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CO	7	15	g9bz	figs-doublet	μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου ἐδέξασθε αὐτόν	1	you welcomed him with fear and trembling	Here, **fear** and **trembling** share similar meanings and emphasize the intensity of fear. Alternate translation: “you welcomed him with great reverence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-2CO	7	15	q47h		μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου	1	with fear and trembling	This could mean: (1) This refers to great reverence for God. (2) This refers to great reverence for Titus.
+2CO	7	15	q47h		μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου	1	with fear and trembling	This could refer to: (1) great reverence for God. (2) great reverence for Titus.
 2CO	8	intro	kl7m			0		# 2 Corinthians 8 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 8 and 9 begin a new section. Paul writes about how churches in Greece helped needy believers in Jerusalem.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 15.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gift to the church in Jerusalem<br><br>The church in Corinth started preparing to give money to the poor believers in Jerusalem. The churches in Macedonia also had given generously. Paul sends Titus and two other believers to Corinth to encourage the Corinthians to give generously. Paul and the others will carry the money to Jerusalem. They want people to know it is being done honestly.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### We<br><br>Paul likely uses the pronoun “we” to represent at least Timothy and himself. It may also include other people.<br><br>### Paradox<br><br>A “paradox” is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. These words in verse 2 are a paradox: “the abundance of their joy and the extremity of their poverty have produced great riches of generosity.” In verse 3 Paul explains how their poverty produced riches. Paul also uses riches and poverty in other paradoxes. ([2 Corinthians 8:2](../08/02.md))
 2CO	8	1	mm8g			0	Connecting Statement:	Having explained his changed plans and his ministry direction, Paul talks about giving.
 2CO	8	1	d1mj	figs-activepassive	τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν δεδομένην ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Μακεδονίας	1	the grace of God that has been given to the churches of Macedonia	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the grace that God has given to the churches of Macedonia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	9	12	esk7	figs-metaphor	ἀλλὰ καὶ περισσεύουσα διὰ πολλῶν εὐχαριστιῶν τῷ Θεῷ	1	but is also overflowing into many acts of thanksgiving to God	Paul speaks of the Corinthian believers’ act of service as if it were a liquid of which there is more than a container can hold. Alternate translation: “It also causes many deeds for which people will thank God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	9	13	plj4	figs-activepassive	διὰ τῆς δοκιμῆς τῆς διακονίας ταύτης	1	Because of the proof of this ministry	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Because this service has tested and proven you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 2CO	9	13	ze14		δοξάζοντες τὸν Θεὸν ἐπὶ τῇ ὑποταγῇ τῆς ὁμολογίας ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἁπλότητι τῆς κοινωνίας εἰς αὐτοὺς καὶ εἰς πάντας	1	they glorify God for your obedience … the generosity of your sharing with them and with everyone	Paul says that the Corinthians will glorify God both by being faithful to Jesus and by giving generously to other believers who have need.
-2CO	9	15	es8c		ἐπὶ τῇ ἀνεκδιηγήτῳ αὐτοῦ δωρεᾷ	1	for his inexpressible gift	“for his gift, which words cannot describe.” This could mean: (1) This gift refers to “the very great grace” that God has given to the Corinthians, which has led them to be so generous. (2) This gift refers to Jesus Christ, whom God gave to all believers.
+2CO	9	15	es8c		ἐπὶ τῇ ἀνεκδιηγήτῳ αὐτοῦ δωρεᾷ	1	for his inexpressible gift	“for his gift, which words cannot describe.” This **gift** could refer to: (1) “the very great grace” that God has given to the Corinthians, which has led them to be so generous. (2) Jesus Christ, whom God gave to all believers.
 2CO	10	intro	abcd			0		# 2 Corinthians 10 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 17.<br><br>In this chapter, Paul returns to defending his authority. He also compares the way he speaks and the way he writes.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Boasting<br><br>“Boasting” is often thought of as bragging, which is not good. But in this letter “boasting” means confidently exulting or rejoicing.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>In verses 3-6, Paul uses many metaphors from war. He probably uses them as part of a larger metaphor about Christians being spiritually at war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>“Flesh” is possibly a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that our physical bodies are sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that as long as Christians are alive (“in the flesh”), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])
 2CO	10	1	yc1g			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul shifts the subject from giving to affirming his authority to teach as he does.
 2CO	10	1	gq7j	figs-abstractnouns	διὰ τῆς πραΰτητος καὶ ἐπιεικείας τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	by the meekness and gentleness of Christ	The word **humility** and **gentleness** are abstract nouns, and can be expressed in another way. Alternate translation: “I am humble and gentle as I do so, because Christ has made me that way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -434,15 +434,15 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	10	2	ik1p	figs-metonymy	ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας	1	as walking according to the flesh	The word **flesh** is a metonym for sinful human nature. “we are acting from human motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	10	3	cvd6	figs-metonymy	ἐν σαρκὶ…περιπατοῦντες	1	we walk in the flesh	Here, **walk** is an metaphor for “live” and “flesh” is a metonym for physical life. Alternate translation: “we live our lives in physical bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	10	3	k7h8	figs-metaphor	οὐ…στρατευόμεθα	1	we do not wage war	Paul speaks of his trying to persuade the Corinthians to believe him and not the false teachers as if he were fighting a physical war. These words should be translated literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	10	3	gpd3	figs-metonymy	κατὰ σάρκα στρατευόμεθα	1	wage war according to the flesh	This could mean: (1) The word **flesh** is a metonym for physical life. Alternate translation: “fight against our enemies using physical weapons” (2) The word **flesh** is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: “wage war in sinful ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+2CO	10	3	gpd3	figs-metonymy	κατὰ σάρκα στρατευόμεθα	1	wage war according to the flesh	The word **flesh** is: (1) a metonym for physical life. Alternate translation: “fight against our enemies using physical weapons” (2) a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: “wage war in sinful ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	10	4	uf5s	figs-metaphor	τὰ…ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας ἡμῶν…λογισμοὺς καθαιροῦντες	1	the weapons we fight with … for pulling down arguments	Paul speaks of godly wisdom showing human wisdom to be false as if it were a weapon with which he was destroying an enemy stronghold. Alternate translation: “the weapons we fight with … show people that what our enemies say is completely wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-2CO	10	4	d1gj	figs-metonymy	οὐ σαρκικὰ	1	are not fleshly	This could mean: (1) The word **fleshly** is a metonym for merely physical. Alternate translation: “are not physical” (2) The word **fleshly** is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: “are not sinful” or “do not enable us to do wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+2CO	10	4	d1gj	figs-metonymy	οὐ σαρκικὰ	1	are not fleshly	The word **fleshly** is: (1) a metonym for merely physical. Alternate translation: “are not physical” (2) a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate translation: “are not sinful” or “do not enable us to do wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	10	5	xuz9		πᾶν ὕψωμα ἐπαιρόμενον	1	every high thing that rises up	Paul is still speaking with the metaphor of a war, as if “the knowledge of God” were an army and “every high thing” were a wall that people had made to keep the army out. Alternate translation: “every false argument that proud people think of to protect themselves”
 2CO	10	5	b74d		πᾶν ὕψωμα	1	every high thing	“everything that proud people do”
 2CO	10	5	vm1a	figs-metaphor	ἐπαιρόμενον κατὰ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	rises up against the knowledge of God	Paul speaks of arguments as if they were a wall standing high against an army. The words **rises up** mean “stands tall,” not that the “high thing” is floating up into the air. Alternate translation: “people use so they will not have to know who God is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	10	5	r2yz	figs-metaphor	αἰχμαλωτίζοντες πᾶν νόημα εἰς τὴν ὑπακοὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	We take every thought captive into obedience to Christ	Paul speaks of people’s thoughts as if they were enemy soldiers whom he captures in battle. Alternate translation: “We show how all the false ideas those people have are wrong and teach the people to obey Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 2CO	10	6	m4ds	figs-metonymy	ἐκδικῆσαι πᾶσαν παρακοήν	1	to avenge every act of disobedience	The words **act of disobedience** are a metonym for the people who commit those acts. Alternate translation: “punish every one of you who disobey us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-2CO	10	7	y2yb	figs-rquestion	τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον βλέπετε	1	You are looking at the appearance of things	This could mean: (1) This is a command. (2) This is a statement. Alternate translation: “You are looking only at what you can see with your eyes.” Some think this is a rhetorical question that may also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Are you looking at what is clearly in front of you?” or “You seem unable to see what is clearly in front of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+2CO	10	7	y2yb	figs-rquestion	τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον βλέπετε	1	You are looking at the appearance of things	This could be: (1) a command. (2) a statement. Alternate translation: “You are looking only at what you can see with your eyes.” Some think this is a rhetorical question that may also be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Are you looking at what is clearly in front of you?” or “You seem unable to see what is clearly in front of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 2CO	10	7	z1t5		λογιζέσθω πάλιν ἐφ’ ἑαυτοῦ	1	let him remind himself	“he needs to remember”
 2CO	10	7	f3i9		καθὼς αὐτὸς Χριστοῦ, οὕτως καὶ ἡμεῖς	1	that just as he is Christ’s, so also are we	“that we belong to Christ just as much as he does”
 2CO	10	8	d4zu	figs-metaphor	εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ εἰς καθαίρεσιν ὑμῶν	1	to build you up and not to destroy you	Paul speaks of helping the Corinthians to know Christ better as if he were constructing a building. Alternate translation: “to help you become better followers of Christ and not to discourage you so you stop following him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -547,9 +547,9 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	12	2	fth2		εἴτε ἐν σώματι οὐκ οἶδα, εἴτε ἐκτὸς τοῦ σώματος οὐκ οἶδα	1	whether in the body, I do not know, or out of the body, I do not know	Paul continues to describe himself as if this happened to another person. “I do not know if this man was in his physical body or in his spiritual body”
 2CO	12	2	k4aw		τρίτου οὐρανοῦ	1	the third heaven	This refers to the dwelling place of God rather than the sky or outer space (the planets, stars, and the universe).
 2CO	12	3	cju3			0	General Information:	Paul continues to speak of himself as though he were speaking of someone else.
-2CO	12	4	qv5h		ἡρπάγη εἰς τὸν Παράδεισον	1	was caught up into paradise	This continues Paul’s account of what happened to “this man” (verse 3). You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God took this man into paradise. (2) An angel took this man into paradise. If possible, it would be best not to name the one who took the man: “someone took … paradise” or “they took … paradise.”
+2CO	12	4	qv5h		ἡρπάγη εἰς τὸν Παράδεισον	1	was caught up into paradise	This continues Paul’s account of what happened to “this man” (verse 3). You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God took this man into paradise. (2) an angel took this man into paradise. If possible, it would be best not to name the one who took the man: “someone took … paradise” or “they took … paradise.”
 2CO	12	4	wm7y		ἡρπάγη	1	caught up	suddenly and forcefully held and taken
-2CO	12	4	ic45		τὸν Παράδεισον	1	paradise	This could mean: (1) This refers to heaven. (2) This refers to the third heaven. (3) This refers to a special place in heaven.
+2CO	12	4	ic45		τὸν Παράδεισον	1	paradise	This could refer to: (1) heaven. (2) the third heaven. (3) a special place in heaven.
 2CO	12	5	hpq6		τοῦ τοιούτου	1	of such a person	“of that person”
 2CO	12	5	i12f		οὐ καυχήσομαι, εἰ μὴ ἐν ταῖς ἀσθενείαις	1	I will not boast, except about my weaknesses	You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will boast only of my weaknesses”
 2CO	12	6	vg13			0	Connecting Statement:	As Paul defends his apostleship from God, he tells of the weakness that God gave him to keep him humble.
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	12	8	wc7r		ὑπὲρ τούτου…τὸν Κύριον	1	Lord about this	“Lord about this thorn in the flesh,” or “Lord about this affliction”
 2CO	12	9	nr2j		ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου	1	My grace is enough for you	“I will be kind to you, and that is all you need”
 2CO	12	9	cs63		ἡ γὰρ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται	1	for power is made perfect in weakness	“for my power works best when you are weak”
-2CO	12	9	g8mi	figs-metaphor	ἐπισκηνώσῃ ἐπ’ ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the power of Christ might reside on me	Paul speaks of Christ’s power as if it were a tent built over him. This could mean: (1) People might see that Paul has the power of Christ” (2) Paul truly has the power of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+2CO	12	9	g8mi	figs-metaphor	ἐπισκηνώσῃ ἐπ’ ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the power of Christ might reside on me	Paul speaks of Christ’s power as if it were a tent built over him. This could mean: (1) people might see that Paul has the power of Christ” (2) Paul truly has the power of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	12	10	pxf1		εὐδοκῶ ἐν ἀσθενείαις, ἐν ὕβρεσιν, ἐν ἀνάγκαις, ἐν διωγμοῖς, καὶ στενοχωρίαις, ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ	1	I am content for Christ’s sake in weaknesses, in insults, in troubles, in persecutions and distressing situations	This could mean: (1) Paul is content in weakness, insults, troubles, persecutions, and distressing situations if these things come because I belong to Christ. (2) Paul is content in weakness if these things cause more people to know Christ.
 2CO	12	10	s5sx		ἐν ἀσθενείαις	1	in weaknesses	“when I am weak”
 2CO	12	10	xl8q		ἐν ὕβρεσιν	1	in insults	“when people try to make me angry by saying that I am a bad person”
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNo
 2CO	12	19	vg3u	figs-metaphor	ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν οἰκοδομῆς	1	for your strengthening	“to strengthen you.” Paul speaks of knowing how to obey God and desiring to obey him as if it were physical growth. Alternate translation: “so that you would know God and obey him better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 2CO	12	20	cu6s		οὐχ οἵους θέλω, εὕρω ὑμᾶς	1	I may not find you as I wish	“I may not like what I find” or “I may not like what I see you doing”
 2CO	12	20	zy6g		κἀγὼ εὑρεθῶ ὑμῖν οἷον οὐ θέλετε	1	I may not be found by you as you wish	“you might not like what you see in me”
-2CO	12	20	rh1h	figs-abstractnouns	μή πως ἔρις, ζῆλος, θυμοί, ἐριθεῖαι, καταλαλιαί, ψιθυρισμοί, φυσιώσεις, ἀκαταστασίαι	1	there may be quarreling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, rivalries, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder	The abstract nouns “quarreling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, rivalries, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder” can be translated using verbs. This could mean: (1) Some of you will be arguing with us, jealous of us, suddenly becoming very angry with us, trying to take our places as leaders, speaking falsely about us, telling about our private lives, being proud, and opposing us as we try to lead you. (2) Some of you will be arguing with each other, jealous of each other, suddenly becoming very angry with each other, quarreling with each other over who will be the leader, speaking falsely about each other, telling about each other’s private lives, being proud, and opposing those whom God has chosen to lead you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+2CO	12	20	rh1h	figs-abstractnouns	μή πως ἔρις, ζῆλος, θυμοί, ἐριθεῖαι, καταλαλιαί, ψιθυρισμοί, φυσιώσεις, ἀκαταστασίαι	1	there may be quarreling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, rivalries, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder	The abstract nouns “quarreling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, rivalries, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder” can be translated using verbs. This could mean: (1) some of you will be arguing with us, jealous of us, suddenly becoming very angry with us, trying to take our places as leaders, speaking falsely about us, telling about our private lives, being proud, and opposing us as we try to lead you. (2) some of you will be arguing with each other, jealous of each other, suddenly becoming very angry with each other, quarreling with each other over who will be the leader, speaking falsely about each other, telling about each other’s private lives, being proud, and opposing those whom God has chosen to lead you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 2CO	12	21	ddw3		πενθήσω πολλοὺς τῶν προημαρτηκότων,	1	I might be grieved by many of those who have sinned	“I will be grieved because many of them have not given up their old sins”
 2CO	12	21	hq1e	figs-parallelism	μὴ μετανοησάντων ἐπὶ τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ, καὶ πορνείᾳ, καὶ ἀσελγείᾳ	1	did not repent of the impurity and sexual immorality and lustful indulgence	This could mean: (1) Paul is saying almost the same thing three times for emphasis. Alternate translation: “did not stop commiting the sexual sins that they practiced” (2) Paul is speaking of three different sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
 2CO	12	21	rh22	figs-abstractnouns	ἐπὶ τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ	1	of the impurity	The abstract noun impurity can be translated as “things that do not please God.” Alternate translation: “of secretly thinking about and desiring things that do not please God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

en_tn_59-HEB.tsv

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ HEB	1	14	v541	figs-metaphor	διὰ τοὺς μέλλοντας κληρονο
 HEB	2	intro	s2gd			0		# Hebrews 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is about how Jesus is better than Moses, the greatest Israelite.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:6-8, 12-13, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Brothers<br><br>The author probably uses the term “brothers” to refer to Christians who grew up as Jews.
 HEB	2	1	x7px			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the first of five urgent warnings the author gives.
 HEB	2	1	c72f	figs-exclusive	δεῖ…ἡμᾶς	1	we must	Here, **we** refers to the author and includes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
-HEB	2	1	ayd1	figs-metaphor	μήποτε παραρυῶμεν	1	so that we do not drift away from it	This could mean: (1) People who stop believing in God’s word are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop believing it” (2) People who stop obeying God’s words are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop obeying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+HEB	2	1	ayd1	figs-metaphor	μήποτε παραρυῶμεν	1	so that we do not drift away from it	This could mean: (1) people who stop believing in God’s word are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop believing it” (2) people who stop obeying God’s words are spoken of as if they were drifting away, like a boat drifts from its position in the water. Alternate translation: “so that we do not stop obeying it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	2	2	j4fa	figs-explicit	εἰ γὰρ ὁ δι’ ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος	1	For if the message that was spoken through the angels	The Jews believed that God spoke his law to Moses through angels. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For if the message that God spoke through the angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	2	2	k5kb		εἰ γὰρ ὁ…λόγος	1	For if the message	The author is certain that these things are true. Alternate translation: “Because the message”
 HEB	2	2	u52i	figs-metonymy	πᾶσα παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ ἔλαβεν ἔνδικον μισθαποδοσίαν	1	every trespass and disobedience receives just punishment	Here, **trespass** and **disobedience** stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. Alternate translation: “every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ HEB	2	9	i4fc		παρ’ ἀγγέλους ἠλαττωμένον…δόξῃ κ
 HEB	2	9	bil4	figs-metaphor	γεύσηται θανάτου	1	he might taste death	The experience of death is spoken of as if it were food that people can taste. Alternate translation: “he might experience death” or “he might die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	2	10	r899	figs-metaphor	πολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς δόξαν ἀγαγόντα	1	bring many sons to glory	The gift of **glory** is spoken of here as if it were a place to which people could be brought. Alternate translation: “save many sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	2	10	l95y	figs-gendernotations	πολλοὺς υἱοὺς	1	many sons	Here this refers to believers in Christ, including males and females. Alternate translation: “many believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
-HEB	2	10	sw9t	figs-metaphor	τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν	1	the leader of their salvation	This could mean: (1) This is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of salvation as if it were a destination and of Jesus as the person who goes before the people on the road and leads them to salvation. Alternate translation: “the one who leads people to salvation” (2) The word translated here as **leader** can mean “founder” and the author speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. Alternate translation: “the one who makes their salvation possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+HEB	2	10	sw9t	figs-metaphor	τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας αὐτῶν	1	the leader of their salvation	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of salvation as if it were a destination and of Jesus as the person who goes before the people on the road and leads them to salvation. Alternate translation: “the one who leads people to salvation” (2) the word translated here as **leader** can mean “founder” and the author speaks of Jesus as the one who establishes salvation, or makes it possible for God to save people. Alternate translation: “the one who makes their salvation possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	2	10	l321	figs-metaphor	τελειῶσαι	1	complete	Becoming mature and completely trained is spoken of as if a person were made complete, perhaps complete in all his body parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	2	11	jy9p			0	General Information:	This prophetic quotation comes from a Psalm of King David.
 HEB	2	11	ky9v		ὅ…ἁγιάζων	1	the one who sanctifies	“the one who makes others holy” or “the one who makes others pure from sin”
@@ -411,8 +411,8 @@ HEB	9	5	f1je	figs-pronouns	περὶ ὧν οὐκ ἔστιν	1	which we cannot
 HEB	9	6	mra7	figs-activepassive	τούτων…οὕτως κατεσκευασμένων	1	After these things were prepared	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “After the priests prepared these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	7	xs9l	figs-doublenegatives	οὐ χωρὶς αἵματος	1	not without blood	You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “he always brought blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 HEB	9	7	xtk5		αἵματος	1	blood	This is the blood of the bull and goat that the high priest had to sacrifice on the Day of Atonement.
-HEB	9	8	a26f		τῶν ἁγίων	1	the most holy place	This could mean: (1) This refers to the inner room of the tabernacle on earth. (2) This refers to God’s presence in heaven.
-HEB	9	8	e14c	figs-metonymy	ἔτι τῆς πρώτης σκηνῆς ἐχούσης στάσιν	1	the first tabernacle was still standing	This could mean: (1) The outer room of the tabernacle was still standing. (2) The earthly tabernacle and the sacrificial system still existed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+HEB	9	8	a26f		τῶν ἁγίων	1	the most holy place	This could refer to: (1) the inner room of the tabernacle on earth. (2) God’s presence in heaven.
+HEB	9	8	e14c	figs-metonymy	ἔτι τῆς πρώτης σκηνῆς ἐχούσης στάσιν	1	the first tabernacle was still standing	This could mean: (1) the outer room of the tabernacle was still standing. (2) the earthly tabernacle and the sacrificial system still existed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	9	9	cu76		ἥτις παραβολὴ	1	This was an illustration	“This was a picture” or “This was a symbol”
 HEB	9	9	fl6i		εἰς τὸν καιρὸν τὸν ἐνεστηκότα	1	for the present time	“for now”
 HEB	9	9	g16u	figs-activepassive	προσφέρονται	1	that are now being offered	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “that the priests now offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ HEB	9	14	zbj1	figs-metaphor	νεκρῶν ἔργων	1	dead works	Sinful deeds
 HEB	9	15	x3xr		διὰ τοῦτο	1	For this reason	“As a result” or “Because of this”
 HEB	9	15	p2kg		διαθήκης καινῆς μεσίτης ἐστίν	1	he is the mediator of a new covenant	This means Christ caused the new covenant between God and humans to exist.
 HEB	9	15	q3x3		τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ	1	first covenant	See how you translated this in [Hebrews 8:7](../08/07.md).
-HEB	9	15	z29a	figs-metonymy	εἰς ἀπολύτρωσιν τῶν ἐπὶ τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ παραβάσεων	1	to free those under the first covenant from their sins	“to take away the sins of those who were under the first covenant.” This could mean: (1) Here, **their sins** is a metonym for the guilt of their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the guilt of those who were under the first covenant” (2) Here, **their sins** is a metonym for the punishment for their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the punisment for sins of those who were under the first covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+HEB	9	15	z29a	figs-metonymy	εἰς ἀπολύτρωσιν τῶν ἐπὶ τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ παραβάσεων	1	to free those under the first covenant from their sins	“to take away the sins of those who were under the first covenant.” Here, **their sins** is a metonym for: (1) the guilt of their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the guilt of those who were under the first covenant” (2) the punishment for their sins. Alternate translation: “to take away the punisment for sins of those who were under the first covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	9	15	ve3v	figs-activepassive	οἱ κεκλημένοι	1	those who are called	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom God has chosen to be his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	9	15	xb9f	figs-metaphor	κληρονομίας	1	inheritance	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	9	16	rng2		διαθήκη	1	a will	a legal document in which a person states who should receive his possessions when he himself dies
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ HEB	10	19	ih5u			0	Connecting Statement:	Having made it clear that there is only
 HEB	10	19	f6g3	figs-metaphor	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	Here this means all believers in Christ whether male or female. Alternate translation: “brothers and sisters” or “fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 HEB	10	19	fii7	figs-metaphor	τῶν ἁγίων	1	the most holy place	This means the presence of God, not the most holy place in the old tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	10	19	zl87	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ αἵματι Ἰησοῦ	1	by the blood of Jesus	Here, **blood of Jesus** refers to the death of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-HEB	10	20	l7wh		ὁδὸν…ζῶσαν	1	living way	This could mean: (1) The new way to God that Jesus has provided results in believers living forever. (2) Jesus is alive, and he is the way believers enter into the presence of God.
+HEB	10	20	l7wh		ὁδὸν…ζῶσαν	1	living way	This could mean: (1) the new way to God that Jesus has provided results in believers living forever. (2) Jesus is alive, and he is the way believers enter into the presence of God.
 HEB	10	20	c3ve	figs-metaphor	διὰ τοῦ καταπετάσματος	1	through the curtain	The curtain in the earthly temple represents the separation between people and God’s true presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	10	20	ega9	figs-metonymy	τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ	1	his flesh	Here, **flesh** stands for the body of Jesus, and his body stands for his sacrificial death. Alternate translation: “by means of his death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	10	21	uh6i		καὶ ἱερέα μέγαν ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	we have a great priest over the house of God	This must be translated in such a way as to make it clear that Jesus is this “great priest.”
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ HEB	11	4	g52j	figs-metaphor	ἔτι λαλεῖ	1	Abel still speaks	Reading the
 HEB	11	5	r3yl	figs-activepassive	πίστει Ἑνὼχ μετετέθη, τοῦ μὴ ἰδεῖν θάνατον	1	It was by faith that Enoch was taken up so that he did not see death	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “It was by faith that Enoch did not die because God took him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	5	ki2t	figs-metaphor	ἰδεῖν θάνατον	1	see death	This speaks of death as if it were an object that people can see. It means to experience death. Alternate translation: “die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	11	5	kb5l	figs-activepassive	πρὸ…τῆς μεταθέσεως	1	before he was taken up	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “before God took him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	11	5	jbx2	figs-activepassive	μεμαρτύρηται εὐηρεστηκέναι τῷ Θεῷ	1	it was testified that he had pleased God	You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God said that Enoch had pleased him. (2) People said that Enoch pleased God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+HEB	11	5	jbx2	figs-activepassive	μεμαρτύρηται εὐηρεστηκέναι τῷ Θεῷ	1	it was testified that he had pleased God	You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God said that Enoch had pleased him. (2) people said that Enoch pleased God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	6	hd94		χωρὶς δὲ πίστεως	1	Now without faith	Here, **Now** does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
 HEB	11	6	r9nb	figs-doublenegatives	χωρὶς…πίστεως, ἀδύνατον εὐαρεστῆσαι	1	without faith it is impossible to please him	You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “a person can please God only if he has faith in God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 HEB	11	6	b438	figs-metaphor	τὸν προσερχόμενον τῷ Θεῷ	1	that anyone coming to God	Wanting to worship God and belong to his people is spoken of as if the person is literally coming to God. Alternate translation: “that anyone who wants to belong to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ HEB	11	10	fd98		ἧς τεχνίτης καὶ δημιουργὸς ὁ Θεό
 HEB	11	10	ufe6		τεχνίτης	1	architect	a person who designs buildings and cities
 HEB	11	11	ks44			0	General Information:	Many versions interpret this verse as referring to Sarah, and others interpret it as referring to Abraham.
 HEB	11	11	mk6i		πίστει καὶ αὐτῇ Σάρρᾳ δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν, καὶ παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας, ἐπεὶ…ἡγήσατο	1	It was by faith, even though Sarah herself was barren, that Abraham received ability to father a child. This happened even though he was too old, since he considered	Some versions interpret this verse as referring to Sarah. “By faith Sarah, herself also barren, received power to bear children even beyond the time of maturity, since she considered”
-HEB	11	11	mtf2	figs-abstractnouns	πίστει	1	It was by faith	The abstract noun “faith” can be expressed with the verb “believe.” This could mean: (1) This happened because of Abraham’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Abraham believed God” (2) This happened because of Sarah’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Sarah believed God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+HEB	11	11	mtf2	figs-abstractnouns	πίστει	1	It was by faith	The abstract noun “faith” can be expressed with the verb “believe.” This could mean: (1) this happened because of Abraham’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Abraham believed God” (2) this happened because of Sarah’s faith. Alternate translation: “It was because Sarah believed God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	11	11	dgu6		δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν	1	received ability to father a child	“received ability to become a father” or “received ability to have a child”
 HEB	11	11	wgp6		ἐπεὶ πιστὸν ἡγήσατο τὸν ἐπαγγειλάμενον	1	since she considered as faithful the one who had given the promise	“because he believed God, who had give the promise, to be faithful”
 HEB	11	12	x8b2	figs-simile	ἐγεννήθησαν…καθὼς τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τῷ πλήθει, καὶ ὡς ἡ ἄμμος, ἡ παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης, ἡ ἀναρίθμητος	1	descendants as many as the stars in the sky and as countless as sand by the seashore	This simile means Abraham had very many descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ HEB	11	34	sy63		ἐγενήθησαν ἰσχυροὶ ἐν πολέμῳ…ἔ
 HEB	11	35	t9sp	figs-abstractnouns	ἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν	1	Women received back their dead by resurrection	This can be restated to remove the abstract noun “resurrection.” The word **dead** is a nominal adjective. You can state this as a verb. Alternate translation: “Women received back alive those who had died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
 HEB	11	35	ne1u	figs-activepassive	ἄλλοι δὲ ἐτυμπανίσθησαν, οὐ προσδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν	1	Others were tortured, not accepting release	It is implied that their enemies would have released them from prison under certain conditions. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “Others accepted torture rather than release from prison” or “Others allowed their enemies to torture them rather than doing what their enemies required of them in order to release them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 HEB	11	35	faq3		ἐτυμπανίσθησαν	1	tortured	made to suffer great mental or physical pain
-HEB	11	35	jyw7		κρείττονος ἀναστάσεως	1	a better resurrection	This could mean: (1) These people will experience a better life in heaven than what they experienced in this world. (2) These people will have a better resurrection than those who did not have faith. Those with faith will live forever with God. Those without faith will live forever separated from God.
+HEB	11	35	jyw7		κρείττονος ἀναστάσεως	1	a better resurrection	This could mean: (1) these people will experience a better life in heaven than what they experienced in this world. (2) these people will have a better resurrection than those who did not have faith. Those with faith will live forever with God. Those without faith will live forever separated from God.
 HEB	11	36	e9al	figs-activepassive	ἕτεροι…ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον	1	Others had testing in mocking and whippings	You can state these in active form. Alternate translation: “People mocked and whipped others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 HEB	11	36	nx7u	figs-abstractnouns	ἕτεροι…ἐμπαιγμῶν καὶ μαστίγων πεῖραν ἔλαβον, ἔτι δὲ δεσμῶν καὶ φυλακῆς	1	Others had testing in mocking and whippings, and even chains and imprisonment	This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns are expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “God tested others by allowing their enemies to mock and whip them and even put them in chains and imprison them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 HEB	11	37	fg8c	figs-activepassive	ἐλιθάσθησαν, ἐπρίσθησαν, ἐπειράσθησαν, ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρης ἀπέθανον	1	They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were killed with the sword	You can state these in active form. Alternate translation: “People mocked and whipped others … People threw stones at others. People sawed others in two. People killed others with the sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ HEB	12	25	pnn5	figs-you		0	General Information:	This quotation is from the proph
 HEB	12	25	c9cn			0	Connecting Statement:	Having contrasted the Israelites’ experience at Mount Sinai with the believers’ experience after Christ died, the writer reminds believers that they have the same God who warns them today. This is the fifth main warning given to believers.
 HEB	12	25	nnk9	figs-doublenegatives	μὴ παραιτήσησθε τὸν λαλοῦντα	1	you do not refuse the one who is speaking	You can state this in positive form. Alternate translation: “you pay attention to the one who is speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
 HEB	12	25	gkn1	figs-explicit	εἰ…ἐκεῖνοι οὐκ ἐξέφυγον	1	if they did not escape	You can state the implicit information explicitly. Alternate translation: “if the people of Israel did not escape judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
-HEB	12	25	fy9u		ἐπὶ γῆς…τὸν χρηματίζοντα	1	the one who warned them on earth	This could mean: (1) This refers to Moses, who warned them here on earth. (2) This refers to God, who warned them at Mount Sinai.
+HEB	12	25	fy9u		ἐπὶ γῆς…τὸν χρηματίζοντα	1	the one who warned them on earth	This could refer to: (1) Moses, who warned them here on earth. (2) God, who warned them at Mount Sinai.
 HEB	12	25	s5lj	figs-metaphor	ἡμεῖς οἱ τὸν ἀπ’ οὐρανῶν ἀποστρεφόμενοι	1	if we turn away from the one who is warning	Disobeying God is spoken of as if a person were changing direction and walking away from him. Alternate translation: “if we disobey the one who is warning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 HEB	12	26	rf4e		οὗ ἡ φωνὴ τὴν γῆν ἐσάλευσεν	1	his voice shook the earth	“when God spoke, the sound of his voice caused the earth to shake”
 HEB	12	26	i1c8		ἐσάλευσεν…σείσω	1	shook … shake	Use the word for what an earthquake does in moving the ground. This refers back to [Hebrews 12:18-21](./18.md) and what happened when the people saw the mountain where Moses received the law from God.
@@ -821,5 +821,5 @@ HEB	13	22	b27j	figs-gendernotations	ἀδελφοί	1	brothers	This refers to al
 HEB	13	22	d5e6		ἀνέχεσθε τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως	1	bear with the word of encouragement	“patiently consider what I have just written to encourage you”
 HEB	13	22	l8b3	figs-metonymy	τοῦ λόγου τῆς παρακλήσεως	1	the word of encouragement	Here, **word** stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the encouraging message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 HEB	13	23	w3m2	figs-activepassive	ἀπολελυμένον	1	has been set free	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “is no longer in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-HEB	13	24	r7kn		ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας	1	Those from Italy greet you	This could mean: (1) The author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy. (2) The author is in Italy while writing this letter.
+HEB	13	24	r7kn		ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας	1	Those from Italy greet you	This could mean: (1) the author is not in Italy, but there is a group of believers with him who have come from Italy. (2) the author is in Italy while writing this letter.
 HEB	13	24	kk9c	translate-names	τῆς Ἰταλίας	1	Italy	This is the name of a region at that time. Rome was the then-capital city of Italy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

en_tn_67-REV.tsv

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ REV	1	1	x8bu		ἃ δεῖ γενέσθαι ἐν τάχει	1	what must soon tak
 REV	1	1	kez4		ἐσήμανεν	1	made it known	“communicated it”
 REV	1	1	pb4u	figs-123person	τῷ δούλῳ αὐτοῦ, Ἰωάννῃ	1	to his servant John	John wrote this book and was referring to himself here. Alternate translation: “to me, John, his servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 REV	1	2	va4c		τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the word of God	“the message that God spoke”
-REV	1	2	b5se		τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the testimony of Jesus Christ	This could mean: (1) This refers to the testimony that John has given about Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “he has also given testimony about Jesus Christ” (2) This refers to the testimony that Jesus Christ has given about himself.
+REV	1	2	b5se		τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the testimony of Jesus Christ	This could refer to: (1) the testimony that John has given about Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “he has also given testimony about Jesus Christ” (2) the testimony that Jesus Christ has given about himself.
 REV	1	3	le65	figs-genericnoun	ὁ ἀναγινώσκων	1	the one who reads aloud	This does not refer to a specific person. It refers to anyone who reads it aloud. Alternate translation: “anyone who reads aloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
 REV	1	3	h37b	figs-activepassive	τηροῦντες τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ γεγραμμένα	1	obey what is written in it	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “obey what John has written in it” or “obey what they read in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 REV	1	3	dwt8		ὁ…καιρὸς ἐγγύς	1	the time is near	“the things that must happen will soon happen”
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ REV	1	18	a4e2	figs-metaphor	ἔχω τὰς κλεῖς τοῦ θανάτου
 REV	1	19	u49x			0	Connecting Statement:	The Son of Man continues to speak.
 REV	1	20	d6ez	writing-symlanguage	ἀστέρων	1	stars	These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 REV	1	20	fl5d	writing-symlanguage	λυχνίας	1	lampstands	The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
-REV	1	20	eek9		ἄγγελοι τῶν ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησιῶν	1	the angels of the seven churches	Here, **angels** could mean: (1) This refers to heavenly angels who protect the seven churches. (2) This refers to human messengers to the seven churches, either messengers who went from John to the churches or the leaders of those churches.
+REV	1	20	eek9		ἄγγελοι τῶν ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησιῶν	1	the angels of the seven churches	Here, **angels** could refer to: (1) heavenly angels who protect the seven churches. (2) human messengers to the seven churches, either messengers who went from John to the churches or the leaders of those churches.
 REV	1	20	e25n		ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησιῶν	1	seven churches	This refers to seven churches that actually existed in Asia Minor at that time. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md).
 REV	2	intro	zps2			0		# Revelation 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 2 and 3 together are usually called the “seven letters to the seven churches.” You may wish to set each letter apart. The reader can then easily see that they are separate letters.<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 27.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Poverty and wealth<br><br>The Christians in Smyrna were poor because they did not have much money. But they were rich spiritually because God would reward them for their suffering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>### “The devil is about to”<br><br>People were about to take some of the Christians in Smyrna and throw them into prison and even kill some of them ([Revelation 2:10](../../rev/02/10.md)). John does not say who these people were. But he does speak of them harming the Christians as if Satan himself were harming them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>### Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel<br><br>Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel were people who lived long before Jesus was born. They all tried to harm the Israelites either by cursing them or by making them want to stop obeying God.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Let the one who has an ear, hear what the Spirit is saying to the churches”<br><br>The writer knew that almost all of his readers had physical ears. The ear here is a metonym for hearing what God says and desiring to obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “The angel of the church”<br><br>The word **angel** here can also mean “messenger.” This might refer to the messenger or leader of the church. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>### “The words of the one who”<br><br>The verses with these words can be difficult to translate. They do not make complete sentences. You may need to add “These are” to the beginning of these verses. Also, Jesus used these words to speak of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking of other people. Jesus began speaking in [Revelation 1:17](../../rev/01/17.md). He continues to speak through the end of Chapter 3.
 REV	2	1	mn8x			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Ephesus.
-REV	2	1	kq5r		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could mean: (1) This refers to a heavenly angels who protects this church. (2) This refers to a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
+REV	2	1	kq5r		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could refer to: (1) a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
 REV	2	1	i92a	writing-symlanguage	ἀστέρας	1	stars	These stars are symbols. They represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 REV	2	1	ugs3	writing-symlanguage	λυχνιῶν	1	lampstands	The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:12](../01/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 REV	2	2	jg1u	figs-abstractnouns	οἶδα…τὸν κόπον καὶ τὴν ὑπομονήν σου	1	I know … your hard labor and your patient endurance	“Labor” and “endurance” are abstract nouns and can be translated with verbs “work” and “endure.” Alternate translation: “I know … that you work very hard and that you endure patiently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ REV	2	7	ft48	figs-123person	ὁ…ἀκουσάτω	1	Let the one … hear	Since
 REV	2	7	wzg1	figs-genericnoun	τῷ νικῶντι	1	the one who conquers	This refers anyone who conquers. Alternate translation: “anyone who resists evil” or “those who do not agree to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
 REV	2	7	rmf5		τῷ Παραδείσῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the paradise of God	“God’s garden.” This is a symbol for heaven.
 REV	2	8	is3w			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Smyrna.
-REV	2	8	ie9x		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could mean: (1) This refers to a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) This refers to a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
+REV	2	8	ie9x		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could refer to: (1) a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
 REV	2	8	key2	translate-names	Σμύρνῃ	1	Smyrna	This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 REV	2	8	k7qk	figs-merism	ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος	1	the first and the last	This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
 REV	2	9	p6hp	figs-abstractnouns	οἶδά σου τὴν θλῖψιν καὶ τὴν πτωχείαν	1	I know your sufferings and your poverty	“Sufferings” and “poverty” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “I know how you have suffered and how poor you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@@ -97,21 +97,21 @@ REV	2	9	a4yu	figs-metaphor	συναγωγὴ τοῦ Σατανᾶ	1	a synagogue
 REV	2	10	agx4	figs-metonymy	μέλλει βάλλειν ὁ διάβολος ἐξ ὑμῶν εἰς φυλακὴν	1	The devil is about to throw some of you into prison	The words **the Devil** here are a metonym for the people who obey the devil. Alternate translation: “The devil will soon cause others to put some of you in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	2	10	f5t1		γίνου πιστὸς ἄχρι θανάτου	1	Be faithful until death	“Be faithful to me even if they kill you.” The use os the word **until** does not mean that you should stop being faithful at death.
 REV	2	10	sp8z		τὸν στέφανον	1	the crown	“the winner’s crown.” This was a wreath, originally of olive branches or laurel leaves, that was put on the head of a victorious athlete.
-REV	2	10	zhj8	figs-metaphor	τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς	1	the crown of life	This could mean: (1) This refers to a crown that shows that Christ has given the believers eternal life. (2) This refers to true life as a prize like a winner’s crown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+REV	2	10	zhj8	figs-metaphor	τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς	1	the crown of life	This could refer to: (1) a crown that shows that Christ has given the believers eternal life. (2) true life as a prize like a winner’s crown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	2	11	g7zq	figs-metonymy	ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω	1	Let the one who has an ear, hear	Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase **has an ear** here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	2	11	dc3n	figs-123person	ὁ…ἀκουσάτω	1	Let the one … hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 REV	2	11	s9d2	figs-genericnoun	ὁ νικῶν	1	The one who conquers	This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Anyone who resists evil” or “Those who do not agree to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
 REV	2	11	q6w2		οὐ μὴ ἀδικηθῇ ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου τοῦ δευτέρου	1	will not be hurt by the second death	“will not experience the second death” or “will not die a second time”
 REV	2	12	ll17			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Pergamum.
-REV	2	12	y864		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could mean: (1) This refers to a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) This refers to a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
+REV	2	12	y864		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could refer to: (1) a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
 REV	2	12	il7c	translate-names	Περγάμῳ	1	Pergamum	This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 REV	2	12	f6s5		τὴν ῥομφαίαν τὴν δίστομον τὴν ὀξεῖαν	1	the sword with two sharp edges	This refers to a double-edged sword, which is sharpened on both sides to cut both directions. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md)
-REV	2	13	ryn6	figs-metonymy	ὁ θρόνος τοῦ Σατανᾶ	1	Satan’s throne	This could mean: (1) Satan’s power and evil influence on people. (2) The place where Satan rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+REV	2	13	ryn6	figs-metonymy	ὁ θρόνος τοῦ Σατανᾶ	1	Satan’s throne	This could mean: (1) Satan’s power and evil influence on people. (2) the place where Satan rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	2	13	tf7c	figs-metaphor	κρατεῖς τὸ ὄνομά μου	1	you hold on tightly to my name	**Name** here is a metonym for the person. Firmly believing is spoken of as holding on tightly. Alternate translation: “you firmly believe in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	2	13	x6j6	figs-abstractnouns	οὐκ ἠρνήσω τὴν πίστιν μου	1	you did not deny your faith in me	“Faith” can be translated with the verb “believe.” AT “you continued to tell people that you believe in me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 REV	2	13	lu4b	translate-names	Ἀντιπᾶς	1	Antipas	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 REV	2	14	wu6n		ἀλλ’ ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὀλίγα	1	But I have a few things against you	“I disapprove of you because of a few things you have done” or “I am angry with you because of a few things you did.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:4](../02/04.md).
-REV	2	14	rd44	figs-metaphor	κρατοῦντας τὴν διδαχὴν Βαλαάμ, ὃς	1	who hold tightly to the teaching of Balaam, who	This could mean: (1) This refers to people who teach what Balaam taught. (2) This refers to people who do what Balaam taught. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+REV	2	14	rd44	figs-metaphor	κρατοῦντας τὴν διδαχὴν Βαλαάμ, ὃς	1	who hold tightly to the teaching of Balaam, who	This could refer to: (1) people who teach what Balaam taught. (2) people who do what Balaam taught. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	2	14	j3nc	translate-names	τῷ Βαλὰκ	1	Balak	This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 REV	2	14	hg4g	figs-metaphor	ὃς ἐδίδασκεν τῷ Βαλὰκ βαλεῖν σκάνδαλον ἐνώπιον τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ	1	who taught Balak to throw a stumbling block before the children of Israel	Something that leads people to sin is spoken of as a stone in the road that people stumble on. Alternate translation: “who showed Balak how to cause the people of Israel to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	2	14	u19f		πορνεῦσαι	1	be sexually immoral	“sin sexually” or “commit sexual sin”
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ REV	2	17	lm1j	figs-metonymy	ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω	1	Let the o
 REV	2	17	m867	figs-123person	ὁ…ἀκουσάτω	1	Let the one … hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 REV	2	17	i61b	figs-genericnoun	τῷ νικῶντι	1	To the one who conquers	This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “anyone who resists evil” or “those who do not agree to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
 REV	2	18	b83m			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Thyatira.
-REV	2	18	nd4m		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could mean: (1) This refers to a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) This refers to a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
+REV	2	18	nd4m		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could refer to: (1) a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
 REV	2	18	kd5v	translate-names	Θυατείροις	1	Thyatira	This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 REV	2	18	q3w9	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 REV	2	18	zbx5	figs-simile	ὁ ἔχων τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ ὡς φλόγα πυρός	1	who has eyes like a flame of fire	His eyes are describes as being full of light like a flame of fire. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:14](../01/14.md). Alternate translation: “whose eyes glow like a flame of fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ REV	2	24	d5i9	figs-metaphor	βαθέα	1	deep things	Secret things are spoken of
 REV	2	26	z5xi	figs-genericnoun	ὁ νικῶν	1	The one who conquers	This refers anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Anyone who resists evil” or “The person who does not agree to do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
 REV	2	27	c9gu		ποιμανεῖ…συντρίβεται	1	He will rule … break them into pieces	This is a prophecy from the Old Testament about a king of Israel, but Jesus applied it here to those to whom he gives authority over the nations.
 REV	2	27	w8pp	figs-metaphor	ποιμανεῖ αὐτοὺς ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ	1	He will rule them with an iron rod	Ruling harshly is spoken of as ruling with an iron rod. Alternate translation: “He will rule them harshly as if striking them with an iron stick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-REV	2	27	ksl1	figs-simile	ὡς τὰ σκεύη τὰ κεραμικὰ συντρίβεται	1	like clay jars he will break them into pieces	Breaking them to pieces is an image that represents either: (1) It refer to destroying evildoers. (2) It refer to defeating enemies. Alternate translation: “He will defeat his enemies completely as if breaking clay jars into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-REV	2	28	n9ts	figs-explicit	ὡς κἀγὼ εἴληφα παρὰ τοῦ πατρός μου	1	Just as I have received from my Father	Some languages may need to tell what was received. This could mean: (1) This may mean he received authority from his Father. (2) This may mean he received the morning star from his Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+REV	2	27	ksl1	figs-simile	ὡς τὰ σκεύη τὰ κεραμικὰ συντρίβεται	1	like clay jars he will break them into pieces	Breaking them to pieces is an image that represents either: (1) destroying evildoers. (2) defeating enemies. Alternate translation: “He will defeat his enemies completely as if breaking clay jars into pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+REV	2	28	n9ts	figs-explicit	ὡς κἀγὼ εἴληφα παρὰ τοῦ πατρός μου	1	Just as I have received from my Father	Some languages may need to tell what was received. This could mean: (1) he received authority from his Father. (2) he received the morning star from his Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 REV	2	28	hr39	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ πατρός μου	1	my Father	This is an important title for God that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
 REV	2	28	c1zc		καὶ δώσω αὐτῷ	1	I will also give him	Here, **him** refers to the one who conquers.
 REV	2	28	g5iy	writing-symlanguage	τὸν ἀστέρα τὸν πρωϊνόν	1	morning star	This is a bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning just before dawn. It was a symbol of victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ REV	2	29	ilk8	figs-metonymy	ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω	1	Let the o
 REV	2	29	ikm8	figs-123person	ὁ…ἀκουσάτω	1	Let the one … hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 REV	3	intro	q1l9			0		# Revelation 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 2 and 3 together are usually called the “seven letters to the seven churches.” You may wish to set each letter apart. The reader can then easily see that they are separate letters.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 7.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seven spirits of God<br><br>These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../../rev/01/04.md).<br><br>### Seven stars<br><br>These stars are the seven stars of [Revelation 1:20](../../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>## Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>### Look, I am standing at the door and am knocking<br><br>Jesus speaks of his desire to have the Christians in Laodicea obey him as if he were a man asking people in a house to allow him to enter and eat with them ([Revelation 3:20](../../rev/03/20.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### “Let the one who has an ear, hear what the Spirit is saying to the churches”<br><br>The speaker knew that almost all of his readers had physical ears. The ear here is a metonym for hearing what God says and desiring to obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “The angel of the church”<br><br>The word **angel** here can also mean “messenger.” This might refer to the messenger or leader of the church. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../../rev/01/20.md).<br><br>### “The words of the one who”<br><br>The verses with these words can be difficult to translate. They do not make complete sentences. You may need to add “These are” to the beginning of these verses. Also, Jesus used these words to speak of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking of other people. Jesus began speaking in [Revelation 1:17](../../rev/01/17.md). He continues to speak through the end of Chapter 3.
 REV	3	1	k6b7			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Sardis.
-REV	3	1	u1zs		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could mean: (1) This refers to a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) This refers to a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md).
+REV	3	1	u1zs		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could refer to: (1) a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md).
 REV	3	1	q7n9	translate-names	Σάρδεσιν	1	Sardis	This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 REV	3	1	un3c	writing-symlanguage	ὁ ἔχων τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα	1	the seven spirits	The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The “seven spirits” refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 REV	3	1	t8wv	writing-symlanguage	τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἀστέρας	1	the seven stars	These stars are symbols that represent the seven angels of the seven churches. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:16](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
@@ -179,13 +179,13 @@ REV	3	5	bi3h	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Πατρός μου	1	my Fath
 REV	3	6	zxc7	figs-metonymy	ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω	1	Let the one who has an ear, hear	Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase **has an ear** here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	3	6	k2k6	figs-123person	ὁ…ἀκουσάτω	1	Let the one … hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 REV	3	7	rf9b			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Philadelphia.
-REV	3	7	ksg4		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could mean: (1) This refers to a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) This refers to a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
+REV	3	7	ksg4		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could refer to: (1) a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
 REV	3	7	mm6x	translate-names	Φιλαδελφίᾳ	1	Philadelphia	This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 REV	3	7	ih6i	writing-symlanguage	κλεῖν Δαυείδ	1	key of David	Jesus speaks of his authority to decide who may go into his kingdom as if it were King David’s key. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 REV	3	7	aam6		ὁ ἀνοίγων καὶ οὐδεὶς κλείσει	1	he opens and no one shuts	“he opens the door to the kingdom and no one can close it”
 REV	3	7	pzy2		κλείων καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀνοίγει	1	he shuts and no one can open	“he closes the door and no one can open it”
 REV	3	8	j1x7		δέδωκα ἐνώπιόν σου θύραν ἠνεῳγμένην	1	I have put before you an open door	“I have opened a door for you”
-REV	3	8	xyw6		ἐτήρησάς μου τὸν λόγον	1	you have obeyed my word	This could mean: (1) They have followed his teachings. (2) They have obeyed his commands.
+REV	3	8	xyw6		ἐτήρησάς μου τὸν λόγον	1	you have obeyed my word	This could mean: (1) they have followed his teachings. (2) they have obeyed his commands.
 REV	3	8	b3kz	figs-metonymy	τὸ ὄνομά μου	1	my name	The word **name** here is a metonym for the person who has that name. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	3	9	x78m	figs-metaphor	συναγωγῆς τοῦ Σατανᾶ	1	synagogue of Satan	People who gather to obey or honor Satan are spoken of as if they were in a synagogue, a place of worship and teaching for the Jews. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	3	9	q496	translate-symaction	προσκυνήσουσιν	1	bow down	This is a sign of submission, not worship. Alternate translation: “bow down in submission” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@@ -201,11 +201,11 @@ REV	3	12	px36	figs-genericnoun	ὁ νικῶν, ποιήσω αὐτὸν στ
 REV	3	13	u5jk	figs-metonymy	ὁ ἔχων οὖς, ἀκουσάτω	1	Let the one who has an ear, hear	Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important and may take some effort to understand and put into practice. The phrase **has an ear** here is a metonym for the willingness to understand and obey. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “Let the one who is willing to listen, listen to” or “The one who is willing to understand, let him understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	3	13	ug5m	figs-123person	ὁ…ἀκουσάτω	1	Let the one … hear	Since Jesus is speaking directly to his audience, you may prefer to use the second person here. See how you translated this phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). Alternate translation: “If you are willing to listen, listen to” or “If you are willing to understand, then understand and obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
 REV	3	14	r6bz			0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the Son of Man’s message to the angel of the church in Laodicea.
-REV	3	14	jg3b		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could mean: (1) This refers to a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) This refers to a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
+REV	3	14	jg3b		τῷ ἀγγέλῳ	1	the angel	Here, **angel** could refer to: (1) a heavenly angel who protects this church. (2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated “angel” in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md)
 REV	3	14	wzg9	translate-names	Λαοδικίᾳ	1	Laodicea	This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 REV	3	14	f65v		ὁ Ἀμήν	1	the Amen	Here, **the Amen** is a name for Jesus Christ. He guarantees God’s promises by saying amen to them.
-REV	3	14	btv1		ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the beginning of God’s creation	This could mean: (1) This refers to the one who rules over everything that God created. (2) This refers to the one through whom God created everything.
-REV	3	15	pf9x	figs-metaphor	οὔτε ψυχρὸς εἶ οὔτε ζεστός	1	you are neither cold nor hot	The writer speaks of the Laodiceans as if they were water. This could mean: (1) Here, **cold and hot** represent two extremes of spiritual interest or love for God, where “cold” is to be completely against God, and to be “hot” is to be zealous to serve him. (2) Here, **cold and hot** both refer to water that is useful for drinking or for cooking or healing, respectively. Alternate translation: “you are like water that is neither cold nor hot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+REV	3	14	btv1		ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the beginning of God’s creation	This could refer to: (1) the one who rules over everything that God created. (2) the one through whom God created everything.
+REV	3	15	pf9x	figs-metaphor	οὔτε ψυχρὸς εἶ οὔτε ζεστός	1	you are neither cold nor hot	The writer speaks of the Laodiceans as if they were water. Here, **cold and hot** could: (1) represent two extremes of spiritual interest or love for God, where “cold” is to be completely against God, and to be “hot” is to be zealous to serve him. (2) both refer to water that is useful for drinking or for cooking or healing, respectively. Alternate translation: “you are like water that is neither cold nor hot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	3	16	y9vt	figs-metaphor	μέλλω σε ἐμέσαι ἐκ τοῦ στόματός μου	1	I am about to vomit you out of my mouth	Rejecting them is spoken of as vomiting them out of the mouth. Alternate translation: “I will reject you as I would spit out lukewarm water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	3	17	v1pj	figs-metaphor	σὺ εἶ ὁ ταλαίπωρος, καὶ ἐλεεινὸς, καὶ πτωχὸς, καὶ τυφλὸς, καὶ γυμνός	1	you are most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked	Jesus speaks of their spiritual condition as if he were speaking about their physical condition. Alternate translation: “You are like people who are most miserable, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	3	18	tmm7		ἀγοράσαι παρ’ ἐμοῦ χρυσίον πεπυρωμένον ἐκ πυρὸς, ἵνα πλουτήσῃς, καὶ ἱμάτια λευκὰ, ἵνα περιβάλῃ, καὶ μὴ φανερωθῇ ἡ αἰσχύνη τῆς γυμνότητός σου, καὶ κολλούριον ἐγχρῖσαι τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς σου, ἵνα βλέπῃς	1	Buy from me gold refined by fire so that you may become rich, and brilliant white garments so you may clothe yourself and not show the shame of your nakedness, and salve to anoint your eyes so you will see	Here to **buy** represents receiving things from Jesus that have true spiritual value. The “gold refined by fire” represents spiritual wealth. The “brilliant white garments” represents rightousness. And the “salve to anoint your eyes” represents the ability to understand spiritual things. Alternate translation: “Come to me and receive spiritual wealth, which is more valuable than gold that is refined by fire. Receive from me righteousness, which is like brilliant white garments, so that you will not be ashamed. And receive from me wisdom, which is like salve for the eyes, so that you may understand spiritual things” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ REV	4	4	ivw8		στεφάνους χρυσοῦς	1	golden crowns	These were like
 REV	4	5	ryb1		ἀστραπαὶ	1	flashes of lightning	Use your language’s way of describing what lightning looks like each time it appears.
 REV	4	5	u1da		φωναὶ, καὶ βρονταί	1	rumblings, and crashes of thunder	These are the loud noises that thunder makes. Use your language’s way of describing the sound of thunder.
 REV	4	5	e1jm	writing-symlanguage	τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	seven spirits of God	The number seven is a symbol of completeness and perfection. The “seven spirits” refers either to the Spirit of God or to seven spirits who serve God. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
-REV	4	6	ja33	figs-metaphor	θάλασσα ὑαλίνη	1	a sea of glass	You can state clearly how it was like glass or a sea. This could mean: (1) A sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: “a sea that was as smooth as glass” (2) Glass is spoken of as if it were a sea. Alternate translation: “glass that was spread out like a sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+REV	4	6	ja33	figs-metaphor	θάλασσα ὑαλίνη	1	a sea of glass	You can state clearly how it was like glass or a sea. This could mean: (1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: “a sea that was as smooth as glass” (2) glass is spoken of as if it were a sea. Alternate translation: “glass that was spread out like a sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	4	6	cv9p	figs-simile	ὁμοία κρυστάλλῳ	1	like crystal	You can state clearly how it was like crystal. Alternate translation: “clear as crystal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 REV	4	6	fr7x		ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ κύκλῳ τοῦ θρόνου	1	In the middle of the throne and around the throne	“Immediately around the throne” or “Close to the throne and around it”
 REV	4	6	b66k		τέσσαρα ζῷα	1	four living creatures	“four living beings” or “four living things”
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ REV	4	9	a19z	figs-doublet	εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων
 REV	4	10	cmj9	translate-numbers	εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι	1	twenty-four elders	“24 elders.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
 REV	4	10	c2vg		πεσοῦνται	1	fall down	They purposely lie down facing the ground to show that they are worshiping.
 REV	4	10	sly8	translate-symaction	βαλοῦσιν τοὺς στεφάνους αὐτῶν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου	1	They lay their crowns before the throne	These crowns looked like wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. The elders were respectfully placing the crowns on the ground, showing that they were submitting to God’s authority to rule. Alternate translation: “they lay their crowns before the throne to show that they were submitting to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
-REV	4	10	wvf9		βαλοῦσιν	1	lay	This could mean: (1) This refers to placing something. (2) This refers to throwing down forcibly, as of something worthless ([Revelation 2:22](../02/22.md)). The reader should understand that the elders are acting respectfully.
+REV	4	10	wvf9		βαλοῦσιν	1	lay	This could refers to: (1) placing something. (2) throwing down forcibly, as of something worthless ([Revelation 2:22](../02/22.md)). The reader should understand that the elders are acting respectfully.
 REV	4	11	idj1		ὁ Κύριος καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν	1	our Lord and our God	“our Lord and God.” This is one person, the one who was sitting on the throne.
 REV	4	11	q91l	figs-metonymy	λαβεῖν τὴν δόξαν καὶ τὴν τιμὴν καὶ τὴν δύναμιν	1	to receive the glory and the honor and the power	These are things that God always has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. Alternate translation: “to be praised for your glory, honor, and power” or “for everyone to praise you because you are glorious, honorable, and powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	5	intro	g7ey			0		# Revelation 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this in verses 9-13.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sealed scroll<br><br>Kings and important people in John’s time wrote important documents on large pieces of paper or animal skin. They then rolled them up and sealed them with wax so they would stay closed. Only the person to whom the document was written had the authority to open it by breaking the seal. In this chapter, “the one who was seated on the throne” had written the scroll. Only the person called “the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David” and “the Lamb” had the authority to open it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/scroll]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/authority]])<br><br>### Twenty-four elders<br><br>Elders are church leaders. Twenty-four elders may be symbolic of the whole church through the ages. There were twelve tribes in Old Testament Israel and twelve apostles in the New Testament church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### Christian prayers<br><br>The prayers of Christians are described as incense. Christian prayers have a good smell to God. He is pleased when Christians pray.<br><br>### Seven spirits of God<br><br>These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../../rev/01/04.md).<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>The “Lion of the tribe of Judah” and the “Root of David” are metaphors that refer to Jesus. Jesus descended from the tribe of Judah and the family of David. Lions are fierce, and all animals and people are afraid of them, so they are a metaphor for a king whom everyone obeys. The words **Root of David** speak of Israel’s King David as if he were a seed that God had planted and of Jesus as if he were a root growing from that seed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ REV	5	7	egp6	figs-go	ἦλθεν	1	He went	He approached the throne. Some langua
 REV	5	8	e3fh	writing-symlanguage	τοῦ Ἀρνίου	1	the Lamb	This is a young male sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 REV	5	8	cgs1	translate-numbers	οἱ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι	1	the twenty-four elders	“24 elders.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
 REV	5	8	ff8y		ἔπεσαν	1	fell down	“lay down on the ground.” Their faces were toward the ground to show that they were worshiping the Lamb. They did this on purpose; they did not fall accidentally.
-REV	5	8	uv6w		ἕκαστος	1	Each of them	This could mean: (1) This refers to each of the elders and living creatures. (2) This refers to each of the elders.
+REV	5	8	uv6w		ἕκαστος	1	Each of them	This could refers to: (1) each of the elders and living creatures. (2) each of the elders.
 REV	5	8	qak6	writing-symlanguage	φιάλας χρυσᾶς γεμούσας θυμιαμάτων, αἵ εἰσιν αἱ προσευχαὶ τῶν ἁγίων	1	a golden bowl full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints	The incense here is a symbol for the believers’ prayers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 REV	5	9	yu7h	figs-activepassive	ὅτι ἐσφάγης	1	For you were slaughtered	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “For they slaughtered you” or “For people killed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 REV	5	9	j1jn		ἐσφάγης	1	slaughtered	If your language has a word for killing an animal for a sacrifice, consider using it here.
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ REV	6	8	n9x3		ὑπὸ τῶν θηρίων τῆς γῆς	1	with the wild anim
 REV	6	9	bv8r	translate-ordinal	τὴν πέμπτην σφραγῖδα	1	the fifth seal	“the next seal” or “seal number five” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
 REV	6	9	n3mi		ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου	1	under the altar	This may have been “at the base of the altar.”
 REV	6	9	b2kp	figs-activepassive	τῶν ἐσφαγμένων	1	those who had been killed	You can translate this with an active verb. AT “those whom others had killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-REV	6	9	y8c6	figs-metaphor	διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ διὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἣν εἶχον	1	because of the word of God and the testimony which they held	Here, **Word of God** is a metonym for the message from God and “held” is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) Holding the testimony refers to believing God’s word and testimony. Alternate translation: “because of the teachings of scripture and what they taught about Jesus Christ” or “because they believed the word of God, which is his testimony” (2) Holding the testimony refers to testifying about the word of God. Alternate translation: “because they testified about the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+REV	6	9	y8c6	figs-metaphor	διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ διὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἣν εἶχον	1	because of the word of God and the testimony which they held	Here, **Word of God** is a metonym for the message from God and “held” is a metaphor. Here, holding the testimony could refer to: (1) believing God’s word and testimony. Alternate translation: “because of the teachings of scripture and what they taught about Jesus Christ” or “because they believed the word of God, which is his testimony” (2) testifying about the word of God. Alternate translation: “because they testified about the word of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	6	10	qz1i	figs-metonymy	ἐκδικεῖς τὸ αἷμα ἡμῶν	1	avenge our blood	The word **blood** here represents their deaths. Alternate translation: “punish those who killed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	6	11	bq1p	figs-rquestion	ἕως πληρωθῶσιν καὶ οἱ σύνδουλοι αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτῶν, οἱ μέλλοντες ἀποκτέννεσθαι ὡς καὶ αὐτοί	1	until the full number of their fellow servants and their brothers was reached who were to be killed, just as they had been killed	This implies that God had decided that a certain number of people should be killed by their enemies. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: “until people had killed the full number of their fellow servants … sisters whom God had decided people would kill, just as people had killed their fellow servants … sisters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 REV	6	11	q9xh		οἱ σύνδουλοι αὐτῶν, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτῶν	1	their fellow servants and their brothers	This is one group of people described in two ways: as servants and as brothers. Alternate translation: “their brothers who serve God with them” or “their fellow believers who serve God with them”
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ REV	7	17	g3d2	figs-metonymy	ἐξαλείψει ὁ Θεὸς πᾶν δάκρυ
 REV	8	intro	ma7f			0		# Revelation 8 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Seven seals and seven trumpets<br><br>This chapter begins to show what happens when the Lamb opens the seventh seal. God uses the prayers of all believers to cause dramatic things to happen on earth. John then describes what happens when angels sound the first four of seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Passive voice<br><br>John uses the passive voice several times in this chapter. This hides who performs the action. This will be difficult to convey if the translator’s language does not have a passive voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])<br><br>### Similes<br><br>In verses 8 and 10, John uses similes to try to describe the images he sees in the vision. He compares the images to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 REV	8	1	d652			0	Connecting Statement:	The Lamb opens the seventh seal.
 REV	8	1	mh2b	translate-ordinal	τὴν σφραγῖδα τὴν ἑβδόμην	1	the seventh seal	This is the last of the seven seals on the scroll. Alternate translation: “the next seal” or “the final seal” or “seal number seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
-REV	8	2	fri9	figs-activepassive	ἐδόθησαν αὐτοῖς ἑπτὰ σάλπιγγες	1	seven trumpets were given to them	They were each given one trumpet. You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God gave them seven trumpets. (2) The Lamb gave them seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+REV	8	2	fri9	figs-activepassive	ἐδόθησαν αὐτοῖς ἑπτὰ σάλπιγγες	1	seven trumpets were given to them	They were each given one trumpet. You can state this in active form. This could mean: (1) God gave them seven trumpets. (2) the Lamb gave them seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 REV	8	3	f9g9		δώσει	1	he would offer it	“he would offer the incense to God by burning it”
 REV	8	4	lq1q	figs-metonymy	χειρὸς τοῦ ἀγγέλου	1	the angel’s hand	This refers to the bowl in the angel’s hand. Alternate translation: “the bowl in the angel’s hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	8	5	l79w	figs-metonymy	ἐγέμισεν αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς	1	filled it with fire	The word **fire** here probably refers to burning coals. Alternate translation: “filled it with burning coals” or “filled it with coals of fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ REV	8	7	ga1r	figs-activepassive	τὸ τρίτον τῆς γῆς κατεκά
 REV	8	8	rnh8	translate-ordinal	ὁ δεύτερος ἄγγελος	1	The second angel	“The next angel” or “Angel number two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
 REV	8	8	uw2h	figs-activepassive	ὡς ὄρος μέγα πυρὶ καιόμενον, ἐβλήθη	1	something like a great mountain burning with fire was thrown	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “the angel threw something like a great mountain burning with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 REV	8	8	ev7g	translate-fraction	ἐγένετο τὸ τρίτον τῆς θαλάσσης αἷμα	1	A third of the sea became blood	The fraction “A third” can be explained in translation. Alternate translation: “It was like the sea was divided into three parts, and one of those parts became blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
-REV	8	8	k43y	figs-simile	ἐγένετο…αἷμα	1	became blood	This could mean: (1) It became red like blood. (2) It really became blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+REV	8	8	k43y	figs-simile	ἐγένετο…αἷμα	1	became blood	This could mean: (1) it became red like blood. (2) it really became blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 REV	8	9	vgf4		τῶν κτισμάτων τῶν ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ τὰ ἔχοντα ψυχάς	1	the living creatures in the sea	“the things living in the sea” or “the fish and other animals that lived in the sea”
 REV	8	10	n8ue	figs-simile	ἔπεσεν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀστὴρ μέγας, καιόμενος ὡς λαμπάς	1	a huge star fell from the sky, blazing like a torch	“a huge star that was blazing like a torch fell from the sky.” The fire of the huge star looked similar to the fire of a torch. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 REV	8	10	int4		λαμπάς	1	torch	a stick with one end lit on fire to provide light
@@ -387,15 +387,15 @@ REV	8	11	as2n	translate-unknown	τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ ἀστέρος λέγ
 REV	8	11	gei4	figs-metaphor	ἐγένετο…ἄψινθον	1	became wormwood	The bitter taste of the water is spoken of as if it were wormwood. Alternate translation: “became bitter like wormwood” or “became bitter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	8	11	g4q5		ἀπέθανον ἐκ τῶν ὑδάτων, ὅτι ἐπικράνθησαν	1	died from the waters that became bitter	“died when they drank the bitter water”
 REV	8	12	z936	figs-metaphor	ἐπλήγη τὸ τρίτον τοῦ ἡλίου	1	a third of the sun was struck	Causing something bad to happen to the sun is spoken of as striking, or hitting, it. You can state this with an active verb. Alternate translation: “a third of the sun changed” or “God changed a third of the sun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-REV	8	12	ukh6		σκοτισθῇ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῶν	1	a third of them turned dark	This could mean: (1) One third of the time, they were dark. (2) One third of the sun, one third of the moon, and one third of the stars became dark.
+REV	8	12	ukh6		σκοτισθῇ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῶν	1	a third of them turned dark	This could mean: (1) one third of the time, they were dark. (2) one third of the sun, one third of the moon, and one third of the stars became dark.
 REV	8	12	t1ag		ἡ ἡμέρα μὴ φάνῃ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῆς, καὶ ἡ νὺξ ὁμοίως	1	a third of the day and a third of the night had no light	“there was no light during one third of the day and one third of the night” or “they did not shine during one third of the day and one third of the night”
 REV	8	13	x375	figs-activepassive	ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν φωνῶν τῆς σάλπιγγος…σαλπίζειν	1	because of the remaining trumpet … angels	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “because the three angels who have not yet sounded their trumpets are about to sound them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 REV	9	intro	sq5c			0		# Revelation 9 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, John continues to describe what happens when angels sound seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]])<br><br>### Woe<br><br>John describes several “woes” in the Book of Revelation. This chapter begins to describe three “woes” announced at the end of Chapter 8.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Animal imagery<br><br>This chapter includes several animals: locusts, scorpions, horses, lions, and snakes. Animals convey different qualities or traits. For example, a lion is powerful and dangerous. Translators should use the same animals in their translation if possible. If the animal is unknown, one with similar qualities or traits should be used.<br><br>### Bottomless pit<br><br>This image is seen several times in the Book of Revelation. It is a picture of hell as being inescapable and the opposite direction as heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])<br><br>### Abaddon and Apollyon<br><br>“Abaddon” is a Hebrew word. “Apollyon” is a Greek word. Both words mean “Destroyer.” John used the sounds of the Hebrew word and wrote them with Greek letters. The ULT and UST write the sounds of both words with English letters. Translators are encouraged to transliterate these words using the letters of the target language. The original Greek readers would have understood “Apollyon” to mean “Destroyer.” So translators may also supply what it means in the text or in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])<br><br>### Repentance<br><br>Despite great signs, people are described as not repenting and so remain in their sin. People refusing to repent are also mentioned in Chapter 16. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Simile<br><br>John uses many similes in this chapter. They help to describe the images that he sees in his vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 REV	9	1	d26c			0	Connecting Statement:	The fifth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
 REV	9	1	jim6		εἶδον ἀστέρα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεπτωκότα	1	I saw a star from heaven that had fallen	John saw the star after it had fallen. He did not watch if fall.
 REV	9	1	v12j		ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the key to the shaft of the bottomless pit	“the key that unlocks the shaft of the bottomless pit”
-REV	9	1	cjr9		τοῦ φρέατος τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the shaft of the bottomless pit	This could mean: (1) Here, **shaft** is another way of referring to the pit and describes it as long and narrow. (2) Here, **shaft** refers to the opening of the pit.
-REV	9	1	p886		τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) The pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) The pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom.
+REV	9	1	cjr9		τοῦ φρέατος τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the shaft of the bottomless pit	Here, **shaft** could be: (1) another way of referring to the pit and describes it as long and narrow. (2) the opening of the pit.
+REV	9	1	p886		τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom.
 REV	9	2	tp79	figs-simile	ὡς καπνὸς καμίνου μεγάλης	1	like smoke from a huge furnace	A huge furnace gives off a great amount of thick, dark smoke. Alternate translation: “like the great amount of smoke that comes from a huge furnace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 REV	9	2	nd4n		ἐσκοτώθη	1	turned dark	“became dark”
 REV	9	3	mb9m	translate-unknown	ἀκρίδες	1	locusts	insects that fly together in large groups. People fear them because they can eat up all the leaves in gardens and on trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@@ -418,8 +418,8 @@ REV	9	7	zh82			0	General Information:	These locusts did not look like ordinary l
 REV	9	7	s9gl		στέφανοι ὅμοιοι χρυσῷ	1	crowns of gold	These were likenesses of wreaths of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads.
 REV	9	10	mac3		ἔχουσιν οὐρὰς	1	They had tails	The word **They** refers to the locusts.
 REV	9	10	qdc3	figs-simile	ὁμοίας σκορπίοις καὶ κέντρα	1	with stingers like scorpions	A scorpion is a small insect with a poisonous stinger at the end of its long tail. The sting can cause severe pain or even death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 9:6](../09/06.md). Alternate translation: “with stingers like scorpion stingers” or “with stingers that could cause terrible pain as scorpion stingers can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
-REV	9	10	lim1		ἐν ταῖς οὐραῖς αὐτῶν ἡ ἐξουσία αὐτῶν ἀδικῆσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μῆνας πέντε	1	in their tails they had power to harm people for five months	This could mean: (1) They had power for five months to harm people. (2) They could sting people and the people would be in pain for five months.
-REV	9	11	fiu6		τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) The pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) The pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
+REV	9	10	lim1		ἐν ταῖς οὐραῖς αὐτῶν ἡ ἐξουσία αὐτῶν ἀδικῆσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους μῆνας πέντε	1	in their tails they had power to harm people for five months	This could mean: (1) they had power for five months to harm people. (2) they could sting people and the people would be in pain for five months.
+REV	9	11	fiu6		τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
 REV	9	11	bkg6	translate-names	Ἀβαδδών…Ἀπολλύων	1	Abaddon … Apollyon	Both names mean “Destroyer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
 REV	9	12	ts26	figs-metaphor	ἔρχεται ἔτι δύο οὐαὶ	1	there are still two disasters to come	Existing in the future is spoken of as coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	9	13	cyb6			0	Connecting Statement:	The sixth of the seven angels begins to sound his trumpet.
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ REV	11	5	ab6b	figs-metaphor	πῦρ…κατεσθίει τοὺς ἐχθρο
 REV	11	6	cac1	figs-metaphor	κλεῖσαι τὸν οὐρανόν, ἵνα μὴ ὑετὸς βρέχῃ	1	to close up the sky so that no rain will fall	John speaks of the sky as if it had a door that can be opened to let rain fall or closed to stop the rain. Alternate translation: “to keep rain from falling from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	11	6	a7ed		στρέφειν	1	to turn	“to change”
 REV	11	6	kth7	figs-metaphor	πατάξαι τὴν γῆν ἐν πάσῃ πληγῇ	1	to strike the earth with every kind of plague	John speaks of the plagues as if they were a stick that someone could hit the earth with. Alternate translation: “to cause all kinds of trouble to occur on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-REV	11	7	i679		Ἀβύσσου	1	bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) The pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) The pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
+REV	11	7	i679		Ἀβύσσου	1	bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
 REV	11	8	r45p		τὰ πτώματα αὐτῶν	1	Their bodies	This refers to the bodies of the two witnesses.
 REV	11	8	p9fu		ἐπὶ τῆς πλατείας τῆς πόλεως τῆς μεγάλης	1	in the street of the great city	The city had more than one street. This was a public place where people could see them. Alternate translation: “in one of the streets of the great city” or “in the main street of the great city”
 REV	11	8	iea1		ὁ Κύριος αὐτῶν	1	their Lord	They served the Lord, and like him would die in that city.
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ REV	11	10	h4pq		ὅτι οὗτοι οἱ δύο προφῆται ἐβασάν
 REV	11	11	x3gn	translate-numbers	τὰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας καὶ ἥμισυ	1	three and a half days	“3 full days and one half day” or “3.5 days” or “3 1/2 days.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 11:9](../11/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
 REV	11	11	al5w	figs-metaphor	πνεῦμα ζωῆς ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτούς	1	a breath of life from God will enter them	The ability to breathe is spoken of as if it were something that can go into people. Alternate translation: “God will cause the two witnesses to breathe again and live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	11	11	u265	figs-metaphor	φόβος μέγας ἐπέπεσεν ἐπὶ τοὺς θεωροῦντας αὐτούς	1	Great fear will fall on those who see them	Fear is spoken of as if it is a object that can fall on people. Alternate translation: “Those who see them will be extremely afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-REV	11	12	f8ze		καὶ ἤκουσαν	1	Then they will hear	This could mean: (1) The two witnesses will hear. (2) The people will hear what is said to the two witnesses.
+REV	11	12	f8ze		καὶ ἤκουσαν	1	Then they will hear	This could mean: (1) the two witnesses will hear. (2) the people will hear what is said to the two witnesses.
 REV	11	12	mkq9	figs-metonymy	φωνῆς μεγάλης ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	1	a loud voice from heaven	The word **voice** refers to the one who speaks. Alternate translation: “someone speak loudly to them from heaven and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	11	12	l1x7		λεγούσης αὐτοῖς	1	say to them	“say to the two witnesses”
 REV	11	13	p56r	translate-numbers	ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων χιλιάδες ἑπτά	1	Seven thousand people	“7,000 people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ REV	13	18	i46m			0	General Information:	This verse is a break from John’s acco
 REV	13	18	uk74		ὧδε ἡ σοφία ἐστίν	1	Here is wisdom	“Wisdom is needed” or “You need to be wise about this”
 REV	13	18	z8tz	figs-abstractnouns	ὁ ἔχων νοῦν ψηφισάτω	1	If anyone has understanding	The word **insight** can be translated with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “If anyone is able to understand things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 REV	13	18	ri1y		ψηφισάτω τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ θηρίου	1	let him calculate the number of the beast	“he should discern what the number of the beast means” or “he should figure out what the number of the beast means”
-REV	13	18	bbn2		ἀριθμὸς…ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν	1	is the number of a human being	This could mean: (1) The number represents one person. (2) The number represents all of humanity.
+REV	13	18	bbn2		ἀριθμὸς…ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν	1	is the number of a human being	The **number** could represent: (1) one person. (2) all of humanity.
 REV	14	intro	q71v			0		# Revelation 14 General Notes<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Harvest<br><br>Harvest is when people go out to gather ripe food from plants. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about him so those people can be part of God’s kingdom. This chapter uses the metaphor of two harvests. Jesus gathers in his people from the whole earth. Then an angel gathers in wicked people whom God will punish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
 REV	14	1	e7u7			0	General Information:	The word **I** refers to John.
 REV	14	1	ck6y			0	Connecting Statement:	John begins to describe the next part of his vision. There are 144,000 believers standing before the Lamb.
@@ -629,8 +629,8 @@ REV	14	3	sz1f		ᾄδουσιν ᾠδὴν καινὴν	1	They sang a new song
 REV	14	3	ii11		τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων	1	the four living creatures	“living being” or “living thing.” See how you translated “living creature” in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md)
 REV	14	3	m75y		τῶν πρεσβυτέρων	1	the elders	This refers to the twenty-four elders around the throne. See how you translated “elders” in [Revelation 4:4](../04/04.md).
 REV	14	3	q6fc	translate-numbers	ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες	1	144000	“one hundred forty-four thousand.” See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:4](../07/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
-REV	14	4	jet6		μετὰ γυναικῶν οὐκ ἐμολύνθησαν	1	have not defiled themselves with women	This could mean: (1) They have never had immoral sexual relations with a woman. (2) They have never had sexual relations with a woman. Defiling oneself with women may be a symbol of worshiping idols.
-REV	14	4	a7ir		παρθένοι	1	virgins	This could mean: (1) They did not have sexual relations with a woman who was not their wife. (2) They are virgins.
+REV	14	4	jet6		μετὰ γυναικῶν οὐκ ἐμολύνθησαν	1	have not defiled themselves with women	This could mean: (1) they have never had immoral sexual relations with a woman. (2) they have never had sexual relations with a woman. Defiling oneself with women may be a symbol of worshiping idols.
+REV	14	4	a7ir		παρθένοι	1	virgins	This could mean: (1) they did not have sexual relations with a woman who was not their wife. (2) they are virgins.
 REV	14	4	q3hg	figs-metaphor	οἱ ἀκολουθοῦντες τῷ Ἀρνίῳ ὅπου ἂν ὑπάγει	1	the ones who follow the Lamb wherever he goes	Doing what the Lamb does is spoken of as following him. Alternate translation: “they do whatever the Lamb does” or “they obey the Lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	14	4	mlw3	figs-metaphor	ἠγοράσθησαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀπαρχὴ	1	redeemed from among mankind as firstfruits	**Firstfruits** here is a metaphor for the first offering to be made to God in celebration of harvest. Alternate translation: “purchased out of the midst of the rest of mankind as a special celebration of salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	14	5	ga8p	figs-metonymy	ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν οὐχ εὑρέθη ψεῦδος	1	No lie was found in their mouth	Their “mouth” refers to what they said.” Alternate translation: “They never lied when they spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ REV	14	12	me1j		ὧδε ἡ ὑπομονὴ τῶν ἁγίων ἐστίν	1	H
 REV	14	13	x62q		οἱ νεκροὶ οἱ…ἀποθνῄσκοντες	1	the dead who die	“those who die”
 REV	14	13	hy1a		οἱ ἐν Κυρίῳ ἀποθνῄσκοντες	1	who die in the Lord	“who are united to the Lord and die.” This may refer to people who are killed by their enemies. Alternate translation: “who die because they are united to the Lord”
 REV	14	13	vd4m		τῶν κόπων	1	labors	difficulties and sufferings
-REV	14	13	v4xz	figs-personification	τὰ…ἔργα αὐτῶν ἀκολουθεῖ μετ’ αὐτῶν	1	their deeds will follow them	These deeds are spoken of as if they were alive and able to follow those who did them. This could mean: (1) Others will know the good deeds these people have done. (2) God will reward them for their deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+REV	14	13	v4xz	figs-personification	τὰ…ἔργα αὐτῶν ἀκολουθεῖ μετ’ αὐτῶν	1	their deeds will follow them	These deeds are spoken of as if they were alive and able to follow those who did them. This could mean: (1) others will know the good deeds these people have done. (2) God will reward them for their deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 REV	14	14	ft6v	writing-symlanguage		0	Connecting Statement:	John begins to describe the next part of his vision. This part is about the Son of Man harvesting the earth. Harvesting the grain is a symbol of God’s judging people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 REV	14	14	gvw8	figs-simile	ὅμοιον Υἱὸν Ἀνθρώπου	1	one like a son of man	This expression describes a human figure, someone who looks human. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:13](../01/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 REV	14	14	i8se		στέφανον χρυσοῦν	1	golden crown	This was the likeness of a wreath of olive branches or laurel leaves, hammered out in gold. Examples actually made of leaves were given to victorious athletes to wear on their heads.
@@ -675,9 +675,9 @@ REV	15	1	l345	figs-doublet	μέγα καὶ θαυμαστόν	1	great and marve
 REV	15	1	w6lf		ἀγγέλους ἑπτὰ ἔχοντας πληγὰς ἑπτὰ	1	seven angels with seven plagues	“seven angels who had authority to send seven plagues on the earth”
 REV	15	1	mw7g		τὰς ἐσχάτας	1	the final plagues	“and after them, there will not be any more plagues”
 REV	15	1	ij3d	figs-activepassive	ὅτι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	for with them the wrath of God will be completed	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “for these plagues will complete the wrath of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-REV	15	1	gdt5		ὅτι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	for with them the wrath of God will be completed	This could mean: (1) These plagues will show all of God’s anger. (2) After these plagues, God will no longer be angry.
+REV	15	1	gdt5		ὅτι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	for with them the wrath of God will be completed	This could mean: (1) these plagues will show all of God’s anger. (2) after these plagues, God will no longer be angry.
 REV	15	2	ytq6			0	General Information:	Here John begins to describe his vision of the people who had been victorious over the beast and who are praising God.
-REV	15	2	n9yj	figs-metaphor	θάλασσαν ὑαλίνην	1	sea of glass	You can state clearly how it was like glass or a sea. This could mean: (1) A sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: “a sea that was as smooth as glass” (2) Glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: “glass that was spread out like a sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+REV	15	2	n9yj	figs-metaphor	θάλασσαν ὑαλίνην	1	sea of glass	You can state clearly how it was like glass or a sea. This could mean: (1) a sea is spoken of as if it were glass. Alternate translation: “a sea that was as smooth as glass” (2) glass if spoken of as if it were a sea. See how you translated this in [Revelation 4:6](../04/06.md). Alternate translation: “glass that was spread out like a sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	15	2	pt8v	figs-explicit	τοὺς νικῶντας ἐκ τοῦ θηρίου, καὶ ἐκ τῆς εἰκόνος αὐτοῦ	1	Those who had been victorious over the beast and over his image	You can state clearly how they were victorious. Alternate translation: “who had been victorious over the beast and his image by not worshiping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 REV	15	2	dbz9	figs-explicit	ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ	1	over the number representing his name	You can state clearly how they were victorious over the number. Alternate translation: “over the number representing his name by not being marked with that number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 REV	15	2	lra7		τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ	1	the number representing his name	This refers to the number described in [Revelation 13:18](../13/18.md).
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ REV	16	3	nc6a	figs-metonymy	ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ	1
 REV	16	3	sx66	figs-synecdoche	τὴν θάλασσαν	1	the sea	This refers to all the salt water lakes and oceans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
 REV	16	4	p4ae	figs-metonymy	ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ	1	poured out his bowl	The word **bowl** refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](../16/02.md). Alternate translation: “poured out the wine from his bowl” or “poured out God’s wrath from his bowl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	16	4	xu1y	figs-synecdoche	τοὺς ποταμοὺς καὶ τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων	1	the rivers and the springs of water	This refers to all bodies of fresh water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
-REV	16	5	f35a		τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῶν ὑδάτων	1	the angel of the waters	This could mean: (1) This refers to the third angel who was in charge of pouring out God’s wrath on the rivers and springs of water. (2) This was another angel who was in charge of all the waters.
+REV	16	5	f35a		τοῦ ἀγγέλου τῶν ὑδάτων	1	the angel of the waters	This could refers to: (1) the third angel who was in charge of pouring out God’s wrath on the rivers and springs of water. (2) another angel who was in charge of all the waters.
 REV	16	5	e45u	figs-you	δίκαιος εἶ	1	You are righteous	“You” refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
 REV	16	5	itg7		ὁ ὢν, καὶ ὁ ἦν	1	the one who is and who was	“God who is and who was.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md).
 REV	16	6	b6wa	figs-metonymy	αἷμα ἁγίων καὶ προφητῶν ἐξέχεαν	1	they poured out the blood of the saints and prophets	Here, **poured out the blood** means killed. Alternate translation: “they murdered God’s holy people and the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ REV	17	6	iwz1		μεθύουσαν ἐκ τοῦ αἵματος…καὶ ἐκ
 REV	17	6	yqi7		τῶν μαρτύρων Ἰησοῦ	1	the martyrs for Jesus	“the believers who have died because they told others about Jesus”
 REV	17	6	ydi9		ἐθαύμασα	1	I marveled	amazed, surprised
 REV	17	7	j412	figs-rquestion	διὰ τί ἐθαύμασας	1	Why are you astonished?	The angel used this question to gently scold John. Alternate translation: “You should not be astonished!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
-REV	17	8	upm7		τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) The pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) The pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
+REV	17	8	upm7		τῆς Ἀβύσσου	1	the bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
 REV	17	8	usl4	figs-abstractnouns	καὶ εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει	1	Then it will go on to destruction	The noun “destruction” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “Then he will be destroyed” or “Then God will destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 REV	17	8	glf1	figs-activepassive	εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει	1	it will go on to destruction	The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	17	8	r6h4	figs-activepassive	ὧν οὐ γέγραπται τὰ ὀνόματα	1	those whose names have not been written	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “those whose names God did not write” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ REV	17	10	yk93	figs-metaphor	οἱ πέντε ἔπεσαν	1	Five kings have fa
 REV	17	10	d2wx		ὁ εἷς ἔστιν	1	one is	“one is king now” or “one king is alive now”
 REV	17	10	kw95	figs-metaphor	ὁ εἷς ἔστιν, ὁ ἄλλος οὔπω ἦλθεν	1	the other has not yet come; when he comes	Not having existed yet is spoken of as not yet having come. Alternate translation: “the other has not yet become king; when he becomes king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	17	10	v8vx	figs-metaphor	ἔλθῃ, ὀλίγον αὐτὸν δεῖ μεῖναι	1	he can remain only for a little while	The angel speaks of someone continuing to be king as if he were remaining in a place. Alternate translation: “he can be king only for a little while” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-REV	17	11	b1ct		ἐκ τῶν ἑπτά ἐστιν	1	is one of those seven kings	This could mean: (1) The beast rules twice: first as one of the seven kings, and then as the eighth king. (2) The beast belongs to that group of seven kings because he is like them.
+REV	17	11	b1ct		ἐκ τῶν ἑπτά ἐστιν	1	is one of those seven kings	This could mean: (1) the beast rules twice: first as one of the seven kings, and then as the eighth king. (2) the beast belongs to that group of seven kings because he is like them.
 REV	17	11	w7sk	figs-metaphor	εἰς ἀπώλειαν ὑπάγει	1	it is going to destruction	The certainty of what will happen in the future is spoken of as if the beast were going to it. Alternate translation: “it will certainly be destroyed” or “God will surely destroy it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 REV	17	12	gq2m			0	Connecting Statement:	The angel continues speaking to John. Here he explains the meaning of the ten horns of the beast.
 REV	17	12	n2rd	translate-unknown	μίαν ὥραν	1	for one hour	If your language does not divide the day into 24 hours, you may need to use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “for a very short time” or “for a very small part of a day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ REV	18	5	u2yu		ἐμνημόνευσεν	1	has remembered	“has thought of” o
 REV	18	6	ec42	figs-metaphor	ἀπόδοτε αὐτῇ ὡς καὶ αὐτὴ ἀπέδωκεν	1	Pay her back as she has paid others back	The voice speaks of punishment as if it were payment. Alternate translation: “Punish her as she has punished others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	18	6	pa62	figs-metaphor	διπλώσατε	1	repay her double	The voice speaks of punishment as if it were payment. Alternate translation: “punish her twice as much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	18	6	xba5	figs-metaphor	ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ ἐκέρασεν, κεράσατε αὐτῇ διπλοῦν	1	in the cup she mixed, mix double the amount for her	The voice speaks of causing others to suffer as preparing strong wine for them to drink. Alternate translation: “prepare for her the wine of suffering that is twice as strong as what she made for others” or “make her suffer twice as much as she made others suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-REV	18	6	l3n5		κεράσατε…διπλοῦν	1	mix double the amount	This could mean: (1) They should prepare twice the amount. (2) They should make it twice as strong.
+REV	18	6	l3n5		κεράσατε…διπλοῦν	1	mix double the amount	This could mean: (1) they should prepare twice the amount. (2) they should make it twice as strong.
 REV	18	7	i9bm			0	Connecting Statement:	The same voice from heaven continues speaking about Babylon as if it were a woman.
 REV	18	7	we2t		ἐδόξασεν αὑτὴν	1	she glorified herself	“the people of Babylon glorified themselves”
 REV	18	7	yt32	figs-metonymy	ὅτι ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς λέγει	1	For she says in her heart	Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “For she says to herself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -926,7 +926,7 @@ REV	19	21	qk9t		τῇ ῥομφαίᾳ…τῇ ἐξελθούσῃ ἐκ το
 REV	20	intro	c7eh			0		# Revelation 20 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The thousand-year reign of Christ<br><br>In this chapter, Jesus is said to reign for a thousand years, at the same time that Satan is bound. Scholars are divided over whether this refers to a future period of time or to Jesus reigning now from heaven. It is not necessary to understand this passage in order to translate it accurately. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>### Final rebellion<br><br>This chapter also describes what happens after the thousand years are ended. During this time, Satan and many people will attempt to rebel against Jesus. This will result in God’s ultimate and final victory over sin and evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br><br>### Great white throne<br><br>This chapter ends with God judging all people who ever lived. God separates people who believe in Jesus from those who do not believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Book of Life<br><br>This is a metaphor for eternal life. Those possessing eternal life are said to have their names written in this Book of Life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Hades and the lake of fire<br><br>These appear to be two distinct places. The translator may wish to do further research to determine how to translate these two places differently. They should not be made the same as each other in translation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]])
 REV	20	1	rkv7			0	General Information:	John begins to describe a vision of an angel throwing the devil into the bottomless pit.
 REV	20	1	n8b8		καὶ εἶδον	1	Then I saw	Here, **I** refers to John.
-REV	20	1	c18c		Ἀβύσσου	1	bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) The pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) The pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
+REV	20	1	c18c		Ἀβύσσου	1	bottomless pit	This is an extremely deep narrow hole. This could mean: (1) the pit has no bottom; it continues to go down further forever. (2) the pit is so deep that it is as if it had no bottom. See how you translated this in [Revelation 9:1](../09/01.md).
 REV	20	2	r6es	writing-symlanguage	δράκοντα	1	dragon	This was a large, fierce reptile, like a lizard. For Jewish people, it was a symbol of evil and chaos. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 REV	20	3	xj22	figs-explicit	ἐσφράγισεν ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ	1	sealed it over him	The angel sealed the pit to keep anyone from opening it. Alternate translation: “sealed it to prevent anyone from opening it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 REV	20	3	el4f	figs-metonymy	πλανήσῃ…τὰ ἔθνη	1	deceive the nations	Here, **nations** is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: “deceive the people-groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -973,8 +973,8 @@ REV	21	3	hpt1	figs-parallelism	ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ μετὰ τῶ
 REV	21	4	w39g	figs-metonymy	ἐξαλείψει πᾶν δάκρυον ἐκ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν	1	He will wipe away every tear from their eyes	**Tears** here represent sadness. See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears” or “God will cause them to not be sad anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	21	5	rq2q	figs-metonymy	οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί εἰσιν	1	these words are trustworthy and true	Here, **words** refers to the message that they formed. Alternate translation: “this message is trustworthy and true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	21	6	dq8n	figs-parallelism	τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος	1	the alpha and the omega, the beginning and the end	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize God’s eternal nature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
-REV	21	6	li7s	figs-metaphor	τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ	1	the alpha and the omega	These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. This could mean: (1) This refers to the one who began all things and who ends all things. (2) This refers to the one who has always lived and who always will live. If these are unclear to readers, you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
-REV	21	6	bf1p		ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος	1	the beginning and the end	This could mean: (1) This refers to the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end. (2) This refers to the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things.
+REV	21	6	li7s	figs-metaphor	τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ	1	the alpha and the omega	These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. This could refer to: (1) the one who began all things and who ends all things. (2) the one who has always lived and who always will live. If these are unclear to readers, you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
+REV	21	6	bf1p		ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος	1	the beginning and the end	This could refer to: (1) the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end. (2) the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things.
 REV	21	6	wk2c	figs-metaphor	τῷ διψῶντι…τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς ζωῆς	1	To the one who thirsts … water of life	God speaks of a person’s desire for eternal life as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	21	7	vms6			0	Connecting Statement:	The one seated on the throne continues to speak to John.
 REV	21	8	hma7		τοῖς…δειλοῖς	1	the cowards	“those who are too afraid to do what is right”
@@ -1017,12 +1017,12 @@ REV	22	1	vl23		ποταμὸν ὕδατος ζωῆς	1	the river of the water
 REV	22	1	yn2p	figs-metaphor	ποταμὸν ὕδατος ζωῆς	1	the water of life	Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	22	1	mxp4	writing-symlanguage	τοῦ Ἀρνίου	1	the Lamb	This is a young sheep. Here is it used symbolically to refer to Christ. See how you translated this in [Revelation 5:6](../05/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
 REV	22	2	l2aq	figs-metonymy	τῶν ἐθνῶν	1	the nations	Here, **nations** refers to the people who live in every nation. Alternate translation: “the people of all nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-REV	22	3	d5fq		πᾶν κατάθεμα οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι	1	There will no longer be any curse	This could mean: (1) There will never be anyone there that God will curse. (2) There will not be anyone there who is under God’s curse.
-REV	22	3	by36		οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ λατρεύσουσιν αὐτῷ	1	his servants will serve him	Here, **his** and **him** could mean: (1) This refers to God the Father. (2) This refers to both God and the Lamb, who rule together as one.
+REV	22	3	d5fq		πᾶν κατάθεμα οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι	1	There will no longer be any curse	This could mean: (1) there will never be anyone there that God will curse. (2) there will not be anyone there who is under God’s curse.
+REV	22	3	by36		οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ λατρεύσουσιν αὐτῷ	1	his servants will serve him	Here, **his** and **him** could refer to: (1) God the Father. (2) both God and the Lamb, who rule together as one.
 REV	22	4	zy4x	figs-idiom	ὄψονται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ	1	They will see his face	This is an idiom, meaning to be in God’s presence. Alternate translation: “They will be in God’s presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 REV	22	6	j51i	figs-explicit		0	General Information:	This is the beginning of the end of John’s vision. In verse 6 the angel is speaking to John. In verse 7, Jesus is speaking. This can be shown clearly as is in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 REV	22	6	xaw8	figs-metonymy	οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί	1	These words are trustworthy and true	Here, **words** refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:5](../21/05.md). Alternate translation: “This message is trustworthy and true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-REV	22	6	cr31	figs-metonymy	ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν προφητῶν	1	the God of the spirits of the prophets	This could mean: (1) The word **spirits** refers to the inward disposition of the prophets and indicates that God inspires them. Alternate translation: “God who inspires the prophets” (2) The word **spirits** refers to the Holy Spirit who inspires the prophets. Alternate translation: “God who gives his Spirit to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+REV	22	6	cr31	figs-metonymy	ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν προφητῶν	1	the God of the spirits of the prophets	The word **spirits** refers to: (1) the inward disposition of the prophets and indicates that God inspires them. Alternate translation: “God who inspires the prophets” (2) the Holy Spirit who inspires the prophets. Alternate translation: “God who gives his Spirit to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	22	7	p72h		ἰδοὺ	1	Look!	Here Jesus begins to speak. The word **Look** adds emphasis to what follows.
 REV	22	7	afr9	figs-explicit	ἔρχομαι ταχύ	1	I am coming quickly!	It is understood that he is coming in order to judge. See how you translated this in [Revelation 3:11](../03/11.md). Alternate translation: “I am coming to judge soon!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 REV	22	8	xr17			0	General Information:	John tells his readers about how he responded to the angel.
@@ -1032,9 +1032,9 @@ REV	22	10	ct48	figs-explicit	μὴ σφραγίσῃς…τοῦ βιβλίου
 REV	22	10	xc15	figs-metonymy	τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου	1	the words of the prophecy of this book	Here, **words** refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](../22/07.md). Alternate translation: “This prophetic message of this book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 REV	22	12	idc6	writing-endofstory		0	General Information:	As the book of Revelation is ending, Jesus gives a closing greeting. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
 REV	22	13	f5jl	figs-parallelism	τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος, ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος	1	the alpha and the omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end	These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that Jesus has and will exist for all time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
-REV	22	13	uup6	figs-metaphor	τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ	1	the alpha and the omega	These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. This could mean: (1) This refers to the one who began all things and who ends all things. (2) This refers to the one who has always lived and who always will live. If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
+REV	22	13	uup6	figs-metaphor	τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ	1	the alpha and the omega	These are first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. This could refer to: (1) the one who began all things and who ends all things. (2) the one who has always lived and who always will live. If unclear to readers you may consider using the first and last letters of your alphabet. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “the A and the Z” or “the first and the last” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
 REV	22	13	cpl9	figs-merism	ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος	1	the first and the last	This refers to the eternal nature of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
-REV	22	13	nnm2		ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος	1	the beginning and the end	This could mean: (1) This refers to the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end. (2) This refers to the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md).
+REV	22	13	nnm2		ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος	1	the beginning and the end	This could refer to: (1) the one who began all things and the one who will cause all things to end. (2) the one who existed before all things and who will exist after all things. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md).
 REV	22	14	r16s			0	Connecting Statement:	Jesus continues giving his closing greeting.
 REV	22	14	i54w	figs-metaphor	οἱ πλύνοντες τὰς στολὰς αὐτῶν	1	those who wash their robes	Becoming righteous is spoken of as if it were washing one’s clothing. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Revelation 7:14](../07/14.md). Alternate translation: “those who have become righteous, as if they have washed their robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	22	15	aw1h		ἔξω	1	Outside	This means they are outside the city and not allowed to enter.
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ REV	22	16	t2v9	figs-metaphor	ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος Δαυείδ
 REV	22	16	g9uj	figs-metaphor	ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρός, ὁ πρωϊνός	1	the bright morning star	Jesus speaks of himself as if he were the bright star that sometimes appears early in the morning and indicates that a new day is about to begin. See how you translated “morning star” in [Revelation 2:28](../02/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	22	17	gig5			0	Connecting Statement:	This verse is a response to what Jesus said.
 REV	22	17	lt8j	figs-metaphor	ἡ νύμφη	1	the Bride	Believers are spoken of as if they were a bride about to be married to her groom, Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-REV	22	17	m9at	figs-explicit	ἔρχου	1	Come!	This could mean: (1) This is an invitation for people to come and drink the water of life. Alternate translation: “Come and drink!” (2) This is a polite request for Jesus to return. Alternate translation: “Please come!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+REV	22	17	m9at	figs-explicit	ἔρχου	1	Come!	This could mean: (1) this is an invitation for people to come and drink the water of life. Alternate translation: “Come and drink!” (2) this is a polite request for Jesus to return. Alternate translation: “Please come!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 REV	22	17	e2m5	figs-metaphor	ὁ διψῶν ἐρχέσθω…ὕδωρ ζωῆς	1	the one who is thirsty … the water of life	A person’s desire for eternal life is spoken of as if it were thirst and of that person receiving eternal life as if he were drinking life-giving water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	22	17	dwb6	figs-metaphor	ὕδωρ ζωῆς	1	the water of life	Eternal life is spoken of as if it were provided by life-giving water. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:6](../21/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 REV	22	18	fd5l			0	General Information:	John gives his final remarks about the book of Revelation.