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tn_2SA.tsv
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tn_2SA.tsv
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@ -315,66 +315,51 @@ front:intro bs9v 0 # Introduction to 2 Samuel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
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7:29 n6ik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive with your blessing your servant’s house will be blessed forever 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will continue to bless my family forever”
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7:29 k3a5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person your servant’s house 0 Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “my house” or “my family”
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8:intro hc4j 0 # 2 Samuel 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter returns to the theme of the expansion of David’s kingdom.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God enabled victory\n\nGod enabled David to conquer all the surrounding nations. Much of the loot and tribute David received, he saved for the temple that his son would build.
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8:1 drj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche David attacked 0 Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers attacked”
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8:1 drj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche David attacked 0 Here David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers attacked”
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8:2 xbr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Then he defeated 0 Here “he” refers to David who represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Then they defeated”
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8:2 tcx6 measured their men with a line … He measured off two lines to put to death, and one full line to keep alive 0 Here the “line” is a “rope.” David had the soldiers lie down on the ground to be measured and sorted into three groups. The men in two groups were killed, and in the third, they were allowed to live.
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8:3 r73a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche David then defeated Hadadezer 0 Here both “David” and “Hadadezer” represent their armies. Alternate translation: “David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer”
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8:3 y7af rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hadadezer … Rehob 0 These are the names of men.
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8:3 met2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zobah 0 This is the name of a region in Aram.
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8:3 r3d2 to recover his rule 0 Alternate translation: “to regain control over a region” or “to recapture a region”
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8:4 f43e rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers 1,700 chariots 0 “one thousand seven hundred chariots”
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8:4 d1te rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty thousand footmen 0 “20,000 footmen”
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8:4 cc6y David hamstrung 0 This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run.
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8:4 b5pr reserved enough 0 Alternate translation: “set aside enough” or “saved enough”
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8:4 izr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers a hundred chariots 0 “100 chariots”
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8:4 cc6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit David hamstrung 0 This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run.
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8:5 u7vw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche David killed 0 Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed”
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8:5 il6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers twenty-two thousand Aramean men 0 “22,000 Aramean men”
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8:6 ph45 put garrisons in Aram 0 Alternate translation: “ordered large groups of his soldiers to remain in Aram”
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8:7 ft9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David took 0 Here “David” is probably a metonym for his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David’s soldiers took”
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8:8 qtw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy King David took 0 Here “David” is probably a metonym for his soldiers. Alternate translation: “King David’s soldiers took”
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8:6 ph45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit put garrisons in Aram 0 Alternate translation: “ordered large groups of his soldiers to remain in Aram”
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8:7 ft9e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David took 0 Here “David” refers to his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David’s soldiers took”
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8:8 qtw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche King David took 0 Here “David” refers to him and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “King David’s soldiers took”
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8:8 nu2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tebah and Berothai 0 These are the names of places.
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8:9 t4en rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tou 0 These are the names of men.
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8:9 le1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hamath 0 This is the name of a place.
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8:9 l3de rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche David had defeated 0 Here “David” is a metonym for his army. Alternate translation: “David’s army had defeated”
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8:9 l3de rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche David had defeated 0 Here “David” refers to him and his army. Alternate translation: “David and his army had defeated”
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8:10 yiq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tou … Hadoram 0 These are the names of men.
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8:12 cjj3 and Amalek 0 Alternate translation: “and the Amalekites”
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8:12 d7vv the plundered goods 0 These are the valuable items that soldiers take from the people they defeated.
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8:12 z5x6 Hadadezer son of Rehob, the king of Zobah 0 See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 8:3](../08/03.md).
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8:13 hrc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David’s name was well known 0 Here “name” refers to David’s reputation. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David was very famous” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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8:12 cjj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and Amalek 0 Alternate translation: “and the Amalekites”
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8:12 z5x6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hadadezer son of Rehob, the king of Zobah 0 See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 8:3](../08/03.md).
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8:13 hrc2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy David’s name was well known 0 Here “name” refers to David’s reputation. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David was very famous”
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8:13 c9s7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Valley of Salt 0 This is the name of a place. Its exact location is unknown.
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8:13 th6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers eighteen thousand men 0 “18,000 men”
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8:14 gc6u He placed garrisons throughout all of Edom 0 Alternate translation: “He ordered groups of his soldiers to remain in areas throughout all of Edom”
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8:16 r8xj Joab … Zeruiah 0 See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
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8:16 d81q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Ahilud was recorder 0 A recorder was a person who spoke to the people and told them the king’s announcements. Alternate translation: “Ahilud was the herald”
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8:13 th6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit eighteen thousand men 0 “18,000 men”
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8:14 gc6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He placed garrisons throughout all of Edom 0 Alternate translation: “He ordered groups of his soldiers to remain in areas throughout all of Edom”
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8:16 r8xj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Joab … Zeruiah 0 See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
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8:16 nig1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahilud 0 This is the name of a man.
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8:17 k3p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ahitub … Ahimelech … Seraiah 0 These are names of men.
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8:18 gm1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Benaiah … Jehoiada 0 These are names of men.
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8:18 xxs8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Kerethites … Pelethites 0 These are names of people-groups. These people were David’s bodyguards.
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9:intro lwh6 0 # 2 Samuel 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is another interruption to the story of David expanding his kingdom. David is concerned with fulfilling his oath to Jonathan’s descendants.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s vow\nDavid determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan’s descendants. He found Jonathan’s son and told him he would treat him as if he was one of his sons. He restored all of Saul’s property to him and had him eat every day at the king’s table. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question and metaphor\n\nJonathan’s son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: “What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?” and by a metaphor comparing himself to “a dead dog.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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9:1 t1g1 for Jonathan’s sake 0 Alternate translation: “because of my love for Jonathan”
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9:1 cy22 Jonathan’s sake 0 Jonathan was Saul’s son and David’s best friend.
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9:intro lwh6 0 # 2 Samuel 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s vow\nDavid determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan’s descendants. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question and metaphor\n\nJonathan’s son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: “What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?” and by a metaphor comparing himself to “a dead dog.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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9:2 id7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ziba 0 This is the name of a man.
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9:2 ura2 I am your servant 0 Ziba calls himself “your servant” to show great respect to David.
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9:3 j5la I may show the kindness of God 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “kind.” Alternate translation: “I may be kind as I promised God I would be”
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9:3 u7ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who is lame in his feet 0 “whose feet are damaged.” The word “feet” here refers to the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “who is unable to walk”
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9:2 ura2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness I am your servant 0 Ziba calls himself “your servant” to show great respect to David.
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9:3 j5la rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I may show the kindness of God 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you can express the same idea with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “I may be kind as I promised God I would be”
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9:3 u7ba rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who is lame in his feet 0 The word “feet” here refers to the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “who is unable to walk”
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9:4 ee6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Machir … Ammiel 0 These are names of men.
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9:4 st1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Lo Debar 0 This is the name of a place.
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9:5 tj7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis King David sent 0 It is understood that David sent messengers.
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9:6 fp3x Mephibosheth 0 See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
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9:6 wni4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go came to David 0 The word “came” can be translated as “went.”
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9:6 huu6 I am your servant 0 Mephibosheth refers to himself as “your servant” to show great honor to David.
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9:7 fe5j for Jonathan your father’s sake 0 Alternate translation: “because I loved your father, Jonathan”
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9:6 huu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness I am your servant 0 Mephibosheth refers to himself as “your servant” to show great honor to David.
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9:7 zy8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you will always eat at my table 0 Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “you will always eat with me”
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9:8 fvp8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am? 0 This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me.”
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9:8 j13e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor such a dead dog 0 Here Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and he compares himself to a “dead dog.” Dogs were feral animals, not cared for, and of little importance. A dead dog would be considered even less important. Alternate translation: “such a person like me who is worthless as a dead dog”
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9:10 cb8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy must always eat at my table 0 Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “must always eat with me”
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9:10 ae24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now Ziba … servants 0 Here “now” makes a break in the main story line. The narrator gives background information about Ziba.
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9:10 tgt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers fifteen sons and twenty servants 0 “15 sons and 20 servants”
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9:11 fwy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person Your servant will do all that my master the king commands his servant 0 Ziba refers to himself as “your servant” and refers to David as “my master.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant will do all that you, my king, command me to do”
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9:12 eu17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Mika 0 This is the name of the son of Mephibosheth.
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9:12 u3qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy All who lived in the house of Ziba 0 Here “house” represents Ziba’s family. Alternate translation: “All of Ziba’s family”
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9:13 caj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he always ate at the king’s table 0 Here “table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “he always ate with the king at his table”
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9:13 du2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy though he was lame in both his feet 0 “thouge both of his feet were damaged.” Here “feet” represents the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “though he was unable to walk”
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9:13 du2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy though he was lame in both his feet 0 Here “feet” represents the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “though he was unable to walk”
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10:intro abca 0 # 2 Samuel 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe chapter records the last expansion of David’s kingdom. This chapter is also the beginning of a section dealing with the war between Israel and Ammon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Shame\n\nIt was apparently the cause of shame or embarrassment in ancient Ammon to have their beards shaved off or to have their garments cut off. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe Ammon people used a metaphor comparing themselves to a bad smell: “they had become a stench to David” when they realized they had made David very angry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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10:1 g3zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hanun 0 This is the name of a man.
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10:2 k9r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Hanun … Nahash 0 These are the names of men.
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tn_DEU.tsv
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tn_DEU.tsv
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@ -664,18 +664,18 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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5:10 xq3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לַֽאֲלָפִ֑ים 1 Here, **thousands** could mean: (1) “forever,” that is, “to all descendants forever.” Alternate translation: “for every generation” (2) a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever to innumerable people who love me”
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5:11 kd28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֛א & אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׂ֥א 1 Here **lift up** means “use” or “say.” This includes invoking Yahweh’s name, making a claim to him, attempting to manipulate him, or misrepresenting him. A broad word should be used in translation of this term. Alternate translation: “Do not use … he who uses”
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5:11 uv88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַשָּׁ֑וְא & לַשָּֽׁוְא 1 Here **with emptiness** means “carelessly” or “without proper respect.” Yahweh is speaking of his name as if it were a physical object that could be emptied of substance. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “carelessly”
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5:11 in6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative **unpunished**. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will certainly consider guilty”
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5:13 p3yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ 1 The implication is that the Israelites do **work** for six days, including any responsibilities, jobs, or duties that are required in daily life. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “your occupation” or “your livelihood”
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5:11 in6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative **unpunished**. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will certainly treat as guilty”
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5:13 p3yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ 1 The implication is that the Israelites do **work** for six days, including any responsibilities, jobs, or duties that are required in daily life. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “your labor” or “your tasks”
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5:14 cx31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וְי֨וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “but day seven” or “but day 7”
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5:14 po5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the border of a town or city. Cities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. Anyone who was inside the gates was part of the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “is within your community” or “is inside your city”
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5:14 po5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the border of a town or city. Anyone who was inside the gates was part of the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “is within your community”
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5:15 x69h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְזָכַרְתָּ֗ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And remember”
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5:15 ls4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָ֖ה וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑ה 1 The terms **mighty hand** and **outstretched arm** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “and by very great power”
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5:15 n9t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָ֖ה 1 Here the word **hand** represents God’s power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by mighty power”
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5:15 knso rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑ה 1 Here, **arm** refers to Yahweh’s power. Moses speaks of stretching out an **arm** as if it was using power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by great strength”
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5:15 fpf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result עַל־כֵּ֗ן 1 The words translated as **Therefore** indicate that what follows is a result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. Alternate translation: “This is why”
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5:15 fpf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result עַל־כֵּ֗ן 1 The words translated as **Therefore** indicate that what follows is a result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. Alternate translation: “As a result,”
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5:16 g54g rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal כַּבֵּ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֨יךָ֙ וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן ׀ יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ וּלְמַ֨עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ 1 Here, **so that** marks **you may prolong your days** and **it may go well with you** as the goal or purpose of **Honor your father and your mother**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
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5:16 hu7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ 1 If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will **prolong the days** when they live on the land. Moses is speaking of time as if it was a physical substance that one could **prolong**. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “you will live for many generations”
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5:17 x2en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לֹ֖א תִּרְצָֽח 1 Here **murder** does not mean all kinds of killing, which would imply that killing in war, accidental killing, and execution were also sinful acts. If your language does not distinguish between different types of killing, you could use a descriptive word to make this distinction clear. Alternate translation: “Do not murder deliberately”
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5:16 hu7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ 1 If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will **prolong the days** when they live on the land. Moses is speaking of time as if it were something over which man could exercise control, to **prolong** it. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “you will live for many generations”
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5:17 x2en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לֹ֖א תִּרְצָֽח 1 Here, **murder** does not mean all kinds of killing, which would imply that killing in war, accidental killing, and execution were also sinful acts. Alternate Translation: "Do not commit an unlawful, premeditated killing"
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5:18 lke6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹ֖א תִּנְאָֽף 1 Alternate translation: “And do not have sexual relations with anyone other than your spouse”
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5:20 vp3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁוְא 1 The implication is that the **testimony** would be given in court or before a judge. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And do not lie in court”
|
||||
5:20 p6zg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ 1 Here, **neighbor** means “fellow Israelite.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “against your fellow Israelite”
|
||||
|
|
@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
5:31 e1i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אֲשֶׁ֣ר תְּלַמְּדֵ֑ם 1 Yahweh is using a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Teach them”
|
||||
5:31 fiot rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְעָשׂ֣וּ 1 The implication is that Yahweh wants Moses to teach the Israelites his commandments so that the Israelites will follow them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “so that they will do them”
|
||||
5:31 hq4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ 1 The expression **the land that I am giving to them to possess it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “in the land that I am giving to them”
|
||||
5:32 kyg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations 0 Moses has finished quoting what Yahweh said. This verse continues Moses’ speech to the Israelites. Consider natural ways of reintroducing a speaker of direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Moses said to the Israelites,”
|
||||
5:32 kyg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם אֶתְכֶ֑ם לֹ֥א תָסֻ֖רוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאל׃ 1 Moses has finished quoting what Yahweh said. This verse continues Moses’ speech to the Israelites. Consider natural ways of reintroducing a speaker of direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Moses said to the Israelites,”
|
||||
5:32 weq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And keep them”
|
||||
5:32 sqy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹ֥א תָסֻ֖רוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאל 1 Here, **turn aside right nor left** is an idiom that means “disobey.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not get off track” or “Do not disobey”
|
||||
5:33 ype4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהַאֲרַכְתֶּ֣ם יָמִ֔ים 1 Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:40](../04/40.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time”
|
||||
|
|
@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
7:26 b8dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet שַׁקֵּ֧ץ ׀ תְּשַׁקְּצֶ֛נּוּ וְתַעֵ֥ב ׀ תְּֽתַעֲבֶ֖נּוּ 1 The terms **detest** and **abhor** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “You shall completely and utterly detest it”
|
||||
7:26 eeub rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication שַׁקֵּ֧ץ ׀ תְּשַׁקְּצֶ֛נּוּ וְתַעֵ֥ב ׀ תְּֽתַעֲבֶ֖נּוּ 1 The phrases **utterly detest** and **utterly abhor** translate verbs that are repeated for emphasis. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
|
||||
7:26 xs75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because”
|
||||
8:intro w4zj 0 # Deuteronomy 8 General Notes\n\n\n## Outline\n- vv. 1-10: Moses reminds the Israelites of Yahweh’s provision for them in the desert\n- vv. 11-20: Moses warns the Israelites to remember Yahweh\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Forgetting\n\nThis chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])\n\n\n## Other Possible Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### “You”\r\n\r\nEven though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, you and your are singular in this chapter unless otherwise noted. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
|
||||
8:intro w4zj 0 # Deuteronomy 8 General Notes\n\n\n## Outline\n- vv. 1-10: Moses reminds the Israelites of Yahweh’s provision for them in the desert\n- vv. 11-20: Moses warns the Israelites to remember Yahweh\n\n\n## Structure\n\n\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Forgetting\n\nThis chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])\n\n\n## Other Possible Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### “You”\n\nEven though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, you and your are singular in this chapter unless otherwise noted. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
|
||||
8:1 zvt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural תִּשְׁמְר֣וּן & תִּֽחְי֜וּן וּרְבִיתֶ֗ם וּבָאתֶם֙ וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם & לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם 1 The words **you** and **your** here are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
8:1 v0kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys תִּשְׁמְר֣וּן לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת 1 The two words **keep** and **doing** express a single idea. The word **keep** describes the act of doing. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning in a different way. Alternate translation: “You shall faithfully do”
|
||||
8:1 rbf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תִּשְׁמְר֣וּן 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Keep”
|
||||
|
|
@ -970,6 +970,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
8:9 ej64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֶ֔חֶם 1 Here, **bread** represents all food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food”
|
||||
7:25 kbbp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֶ֔חֶם 1 Here, **bread** represents _____. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “text”
|
||||
8:9 s4ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֤א בְמִסְכֵּנֻת֙ 1 Moses is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **no**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “in abundance”
|
||||
8:9 jnqd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְמִסְכֵּנֻת֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **poverty**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “feeling hungry”
|
||||
8:9 s966 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹֽא־תֶחְסַ֥ר כֹּ֖ל בָּ֑הּ 1 Moses is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “everything in it will be sufficient for you”
|
||||
8:9 q74l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲבָנֶ֣יהָ בַרְזֶ֔ל וּמֵהֲרָרֶ֖יהָ תַּחְצֹ֥ב נְחֹֽשֶׁת 1 The implication is that one can **dig** (as in, mine) for **iron** and **copper** ore in the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “its stones are iron ore, and from the hills you may mine copper ore”
|
||||
8:9 hcno rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נְחֹֽשֶׁת 1 Here, the word **copper** refers to a soft metal used for making tools and other utensils. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of metal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “soft metal”
|
||||
|
|
@ -1010,72 +1011,142 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
8:20 a8kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם 1 Here, the word **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
|
||||
8:20 l9hm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א תִשְׁמְע֔וּן בְּק֖וֹל 1 Here the word **listen** means to listen and obey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you would not obey the voice of”
|
||||
8:20 l83x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּק֖וֹל 1 Here, **voice** represents the words that Yahweh spoke, which include his commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to the words of”
|
||||
9:intro id6j 0 # Deuteronomy 9 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s victory\nThis chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh’s. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh’s punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Israel’s sin\nYahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too.
|
||||
9:1 iqh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
|
||||
9:1 wy46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Hear, Israel 0 The word “Israel” is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Listen, people of Israel”
|
||||
9:1 n75r to dispossess 0 Alternate translation: “to take the land from”
|
||||
9:1 zw1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole fortified up to heaven 0 This is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). Alternate translation: “have walls so high it is like they reach up to the heavens”
|
||||
9:2 s1te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit sons of the Anakim 0 Descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
9:2 ar68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can stand before the sons of Anak? 0 This means that the sons of Anak were powerful and people were afraid of them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can defend himself against the sons of Anak.”
|
||||
9:3 ax4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
|
||||
9:3 jgy6 today 0 Moses is speaking of the days and weeks beginning on that day, not of the time since the sun had last set.
|
||||
9:3 aj58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a devouring fire 0 Yahweh is powerful and able to destroy the armies of the other nations.
|
||||
9:3 neu7 subdue them before you 0 Alternate translation: “make them weak so you can control them”
|
||||
9:4 jp4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
|
||||
9:4 xr9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Do not say in your heart 0 Here “in your heart” means “in your thoughts.” Alternate translation: “Do not think to yourselves”
|
||||
9:4 hm6e has thrust them out 0 Alternate translation: “has driven the other peoples out”
|
||||
9:5 bb7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
|
||||
9:5 r3iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the uprightness of your heart 0 This is an idiom. “because you always thought and desired the right things”
|
||||
9:5 e9iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy so that he may make come true the word 0 Here the metonym “the word” refers to what God has promised. Alternate translation: “so that he may fulfill the promise”
|
||||
9:5 hb36 your ancestors, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob 0 Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are the “ancestors” of whom Moses is speaking.
|
||||
9:6 hql8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
|
||||
9:7 rx7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person.
|
||||
9:7 jiv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Remember and do not forget 0 Moses repeats the same command both positively and negatively to emphasize the importance of remembering. The command is plural. Alternate translation: “Be careful to remember” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
9:7 ze78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you how you provoked Yahweh 0 Here “you” refers to the Israelites that are present with Moses and also the Israelites of the previous generation.
|
||||
9:7 ldb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you came to this place, you have been rebellious 0 These instances of “you” are plural.
|
||||
9:7 kd2z to this place 0 This refers to the Jordan River Valley.
|
||||
9:8 rwk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you provoked … with you to destroy you 0 These instances of “you” are plural.
|
||||
9:9 bu4r 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses is reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past.
|
||||
9:9 icg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism the tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant that Yahweh made with you 0 Here the second phrase clarifies that “the tablets of stone” are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments.
|
||||
9:9 z7w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty days and forty nights 0 Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights”
|
||||
9:10 e2t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive on them was written everything just like all the words that Yahweh announced to you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh wrote on them the same words he had said to you”
|
||||
9:10 cq6h Yahweh announced … out of the middle of the fire 0 It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice.
|
||||
9:10 v46n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns on the day of the assembly 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **assembly**, you can express the same idea with the verb “gather together.” Alternate translation: “on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place”
|
||||
9:11 a75b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty days and forty nights 0 Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights”
|
||||
9:11 cq34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism the two tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant 0 The second phrase clarifies that “the two tablets of stone” are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments.
|
||||
9:12 n8p5 your people … have corrupted themselves 0 Alternate translation: “your people … are doing what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
|
||||
9:12 ce69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They have quickly turned aside out of the path that I commanded them 0 Moses speaks as if obeying God’s commands were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “They have already disobeyed my commands”
|
||||
9:14 lkr5 blot out their name from under heaven 0 Alternate translation: “make their name disappear completely” or “kill them all so no one will ever remember them.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/24.md).
|
||||
9:15 d8yc 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past.
|
||||
9:16 j8rb behold 0 The word “behold” here shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw.
|
||||
9:16 ux9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit molded for yourselves a calf 0 The Israelites of the earlier generation had asked Aaron to make a metal calf so they could worship it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
|
||||
9:16 bf75 You had quickly turned aside out of the path that Yahweh had commanded you 0 Moses speaks as if obeying God’s commands were walking along a path. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “You had quickly disobeyed what Yahweh had commanded you”
|
||||
9:17 r2ah 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
|
||||
9:17 x4n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I broke them before your eyes 0 Here “your eyes” is a synecdoche for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I broke them right in front of you” or “I broke them where you could see them”
|
||||
9:18 xf6d lay facedown 0 Alternate translation: “lay with my face on the ground.” This is a way of showing that Yahweh was great and Moses was not.
|
||||
9:18 y3wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty days and forty nights 0 Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights”
|
||||
9:19 li9n 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past.
|
||||
9:19 vv3j I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure with which Yahweh was angry enough against you to destroy you 0 The words “anger and hot displeasure” are a metonym for what Yahweh would do because he was angry and displeased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was angry at you—he was extremely displeased with you—he was angry enough to destroy you, and so I was afraid of what he would do”
|
||||
9:21 n7ea 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
|
||||
9:21 wf7q I took … burned … beat … ground … threw 0 Moses probably commanded other men to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “I had people take … burn … beat … grind … throw”
|
||||
9:21 hql7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your sin, the calf that you had made 0 Here the gold calf itself referred to as their “sin.” Alternate translation: “the calf, which you sinfully made”
|
||||
9:22 t271 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
|
||||
9:22 n8jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Taberah … Massah … Kibroth Hattaavah 0 These are names of places that the people of Israel went through while they were in the wilderness.
|
||||
9:23 xz23 Go up 0 They were on low land, and the land Yahweh had told them to take was in the hills, so they had to go uphill to get to it.
|
||||
9:23 dxq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rebelled against the commandment 0 The word “commandment” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “rebelled against Yahweh; you did not obey the commandment”
|
||||
9:23 bfb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy listen to his voice 0 Here “his voice” means what God had said. Alternate translation: “obey what he said”
|
||||
9:24 r243 from the day that I knew you 0 Alternate translation: “from the time I began to lead you.” Some translations read “from the day that he knew you,” the day that Yahweh first knew them.
|
||||
9:25 fq4v 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
|
||||
9:25 tka1 lay facedown before Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “lay with my face on the ground.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:18](../09/18.md).
|
||||
9:25 j7rs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers forty days and forty nights 0 Alternate translation: “40 days and 40 nights”
|
||||
9:26 ki6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have redeemed 0 Moses speaks as if Yahweh had rescued the Israelites by paying money to free them from slavery. Alternate translation: “you have rescued”
|
||||
9:26 mct6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy through your greatness 0 The word “greatness” is a metonym for Yahweh’s great power. Alternate translation: “through your great power”
|
||||
9:26 ifw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor with a mighty hand 0 Here “a mighty hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with your mighty power”
|
||||
9:27 liv5 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues praying to Yahweh so that he may not destroy the people of Israel.
|
||||
9:27 hp8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Call to mind 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember”
|
||||
9:28 cc26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy so that the land from where you brought us 0 The words “the land” are a metonym for the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Egypt”
|
||||
9:28 pt4p should say 0 Alternate translation: “can say”
|
||||
9:29 rw92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet by your great strength and by the display of your power 0 These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh’s power that he used to rescue his people.
|
||||
9:intro id6j 0 # Deuteronomy 9 General Notes\n\n## General Outline\n- vv. 1-6: Moses reminds the Israelites that Yahweh did not choose them because they were righteous\n- vv. 7-29: Moses recounts the Israelites’ sin when they worshiped the golden calf\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s victory\nThis chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh’s. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh’s punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Israel’s sin\nYahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too.
|
||||
9:1 wy46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 Here, **Israel** represents the people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Israelites”
|
||||
9:1 zw1n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וּבְצֻרֹ֖ת בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם 1 Moses says **fortified to the heavens here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. See how you translated this phrase in [1:28](../01/28.md). Alternate translation: “and extremely well-fortified”
|
||||
9:2 s1te rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of”
|
||||
9:2 nyc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַתָּ֤ה יָדַ֨עְתָּ֙ וְאַתָּ֣ה שָׁמַ֔עְתָּ 1 For emphasis, Moses is stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already included in the verbs **know** and **heard**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **yourself**. Alternate translation: “you indeed know, and you indeed have heard”
|
||||
9:2 o5h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׁמַ֔עְתָּ 1 Here, the word **heard** means “heard of.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have heard of”
|
||||
9:2 ar68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִ֣י יִתְיַצֵּ֔ב לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י עֲנָֽק 1 Moses is using the question form to emphasize that people were afraid of the Anakites. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can stand before the faces of the sons of Anak.”
|
||||
9:2 rqeh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִתְיַצֵּ֔ב 1 Here **stand** means “resist” or “oppose in battle.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “can endure in battle”
|
||||
9:2 yi8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֖י 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before”
|
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9:3 wv4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְיָדַעְתָּ֣ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And know”
|
||||
9:3 sm8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְיָדַעְתָּ֣ 1 Here **know** means “think about.” Moses is speaking of thinking about something as if that were knowing it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you shall consider”
|
||||
9:3 aj58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֵ֣שׁ אֹֽכְלָ֔ה 1 Here, Moses is speaking of Yahweh’s punishment when he is angry as if it were a **devouring fire**. Yahweh will destroy anyone who do not worship him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and his punishment is like a fire that burns everything”
|
||||
9:3 xv0k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ה֧וּא יַשְׁמִידֵ֛ם וְה֥וּא יַכְנִיעֵ֖ם לְפָנֶ֑יךָ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “he will destroy them, and indeed, he will subdue them before your faces”
|
||||
9:3 ziut rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ה֧וּא יַשְׁמִידֵ֛ם וְה֥וּא יַכְנִיעֵ֖ם 1 For emphasis, Moses is stating the pronoun **he**, whose meaning is already included in the verbs **destroy** and **subdue**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **himself**. Alternate translation: “it is he who will destroy them, and it is he who will subdue them”
|
||||
9:3 sute rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְפָנֶ֑יךָ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
|
||||
9:4 xr9c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אַל־תֹּאמַ֣ר בִּלְבָבְךָ֗ 1 Here, **say in your heart** is an idiom that means “think” or “say to yourself.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this in [7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate translation: “You shall not think”
|
||||
9:4 rzex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אַל־תֹּאמַ֣ר 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Do not say”
|
||||
9:4 rn3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּהֲדֹ֣ף יְהוָה֩ אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ אֹתָ֥ם 1 Here, **when** means “after”. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “after Yahweh your God has thrust them out”
|
||||
9:4 zro0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בַּהֲדֹ֣ף יְהוָה֩ אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ אֹתָ֥ם 1 Yahweh will **thrust out** the people of the other nations by driving them out of the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh your God has driven them out”
|
||||
9:4 y07b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִלְּפָנֶיךָ֮ & מִפָּנֶֽיךָ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you … before you”
|
||||
9:4 mpx1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹר֒ 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
|
||||
9:4 w47t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּצִדְקָתִי֙ & וּבְרִשְׁעַת֙ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **righteousness** and **wickedness**, you could express these ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “Since I am righteous … for the wicked deeds of”
|
||||
9:4 l1tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּצִדְקָתִי֙ & וּבְרִשְׁעַת֙ 1 Here **In** means “because of.” You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Due to my righteousness … due to the wickedness of”
|
||||
9:4 mco0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הֱבִיאַ֣נִי 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “taken” instead of **brought**. Alternate translation: “has taken me in”
|
||||
9:4 lhgv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וּבְרִשְׁעַת֙ 1 Moses uses the word **but** here to indicate a strong contrast between what the Israelites might think and the real reason why Yahweh is giving them the land. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “rather,”
|
||||
9:5 o4n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לֹ֣א בְצִדְקָתְךָ֗ וּבְיֹ֨שֶׁר֙ לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ אַתָּ֥ה בָ֖א לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֶת־אַרְצָ֑ם כִּ֞י בְּרִשְׁעַ֣ת ׀ הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֗לֶּה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ מוֹרִישָׁ֣ם מִפָּנֶ֔יךָ 1 This sentence means basically the same thing as the previous verse. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the sentences that would make this clear. Alternate translation: “I reiterate, not in your righteousness or in the uprightness of your heart are you going in to possess their land, but in the wickedness of these nations, Yahweh your God is driving them out from before your faces”
|
||||
9:5 siel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְצִדְקָתְךָ֗ & וּבְיֹ֨שֶׁר֙ לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **righteousness** and **uprightness**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “in your righteous acts or your upright heart”
|
||||
9:5 qi0w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְצִדְקָתְךָ֗ וּבְיֹ֨שֶׁר֙ 1 Here **in** means “because of.” You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “because of your righteousness or because of the uprightness”
|
||||
9:5 r3iq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ 1 Here, **heart** refers to a person’s will and inner being. In this case, the desire is to fear Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of your desires”
|
||||
9:5 l1rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go אַתָּ֥ה בָ֖א 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “coming” instead of **going**. Alternate translation: “are you coming in”
|
||||
9:5 gwa0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast כִּ֞י 1 Moses uses the word **but** here to indicate a strong contrast between what the Israelites might think and the real reason why Yahweh is giving them the land. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “rather,”
|
||||
9:5 hog1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפָּנֶ֔יךָ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
|
||||
9:5 e9iz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal וּלְמַ֜עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks “Yahweh may establish the word” as the goal or purpose of “Yahweh your God is driving them out”. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
|
||||
9:5 zbzd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָקִ֣ים 1 Here, **establish** means “fulfill”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this concept in [8:18](../08/18.md). Alternate translation: “may fulfill”
|
||||
9:5 dzy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַדָּבָ֗ר 1 Here, **word** represents what someone said, which, in this case, is the promise that Yahweh said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the promise”
|
||||
9:5 hb36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַאֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to your forefathers”
|
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9:6 e8qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְיָדַעְתָּ֗ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And know”
|
||||
9:6 yfe5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְיָדַעְתָּ֗ 1 Here **know** means “understand.” Moses is speaking of thinking about something as if that were knowing it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And you shall understand”
|
||||
9:6 ctjb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְצִדְקָֽתְךָ֙ 1 Here **in** means “because of.” You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “because of your righteousness”
|
||||
9:6 m7os rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף 1 Here, **hard of neck** is an idiom that means “stubborn” and “rebellious.” The image comes from an animal that does not want to go the way his master is trying to direct him. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are a hard-hearted people” or “are a rebellious people”\n
|
||||
9:7 rx7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism זְכֹר֙ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֔ח 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Remember, yes, you shall not forget”
|
||||
9:7 ldb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you בֹּֽאֲכֶם֙ & הֱיִיתֶ֖ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:7 kd2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה 1 Here, **this place** refers to the Jordan River valley, where the Israelites are camping before entering the land that Yahweh promised to them. This is where Moses is speaking to the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “this valley”
|
||||
9:8 jym7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּבְחֹרֵ֥ב 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 32](Exo/32/01.md), when the Israelites disobeyed Yahweh by making and worshipping a golden calf. Yahweh wanted to destroy the Israelites for their rebellion, but Moses prayed to Yahweh to have mercy on the Israelites. As a result, Yahweh allowed the Israelites to survive.
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||||
9:8 rwk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you הִקְצַפְתֶּ֖ם & בָּכֶ֖ם & אֶתְכֶֽם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:9 l9d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לוּחֹ֣ת הַבְּרִ֔ית 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **the tablets** on which Yahweh wrote **the covenant**, specifically, the words of the Ten Commandments. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression to describe a tablet with writing on it. Alternate translation: “the tablets that had the words of the covenant on them”
|
||||
9:9 sae8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַבְּרִ֔ית אֲשֶׁר־כָּרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה 1 To **cut** a **covenant** means to make a covenant. The phrase refers to ancient rituals around making covenants, which is illustrated in [Genesis 15](Gen/15/01.md). See the imagery and how you translated there. Alternate translation: “the covenant that Yahweh made”
|
||||
9:9 bm04 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural עִמָּכֶ֑ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:9 gpng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֖יִם לֹ֥א שָׁתִֽיתִי 1 This does not mean that there was no **bread** or **water** available for Moses. Moses means that he chose to go without food or water while he was on the mountain. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “bread I chose not to eat and water I chose not to drink”
|
||||
9:9 f7i3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֶ֚חֶם 1 Here, **bread** represents all food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food”
|
||||
9:10 e2t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כְּתֻבִ֖ים בְּאֶצְבַּ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 If your language does not use the passive form **written**, you could state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “on which the finger of God wrote”
|
||||
9:10 ozko rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּתֻבִ֖ים בְּאֶצְבַּ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 The implication is that God wrote on the stone, not Moses. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “written by the finger of God himself”
|
||||
9:10 hv86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּֽכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה עִמָּכֶ֥ם בָּהָ֛ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵ֖שׁ בְּי֥וֹם הַקָּהָֽל 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 19](Exo/19/01.md), when the Israelites gather at the base of Mount Sinai while Moses goes to the top. There, Yahweh tells Moses all the commandments from a fire at the top of Mount Sinai.
|
||||
9:10 cq6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural עִמָּכֶ֥ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:11 a75b rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַיְהִ֗י 1 Moses is using the word translated **And it happened** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “Then”
|
||||
9:11 je7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לֻח֥וֹת הַבְּרִֽית 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **the tablets** on which Yahweh wrote **the covenant**, specifically, the words of the Ten Commandments. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression to describe a tablet with writing on it. Alternate translation: “the tablets that had the words of the covenant on them”
|
||||
9:12 h3vr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִזֶּ֔ה 1 This refers to the top of Mount Sinai, where Yahweh told Moses his commandments. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from the top of this mountain”
|
||||
9:12 pkli rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֚י 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because”
|
||||
9:12 wp08 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עַמְּךָ֔ 1 Here, Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe the **people** that Moses leads. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression to describe leadership. Alternate translation: “the people whom you lead”
|
||||
9:12 n8p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שִׁחֵ֣ת 1 Here, the term **act corruptly** means to sin or do wrong. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “have sinned”
|
||||
9:12 ce69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ם 1 Here Yahweh is speaking of obedience as if it was a **path** that one walks on. He speaks of disobedience as turning aside from that **path**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “They have quickly disobeyed what I commanded them”
|
||||
9:13 hu2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹ֑ר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
|
||||
9:13 ptck rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רָאִ֨יתִי֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה 1 The implication is that Yahweh has **seen** and knows everything that the Israelites do. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I have seen what this people has done”
|
||||
9:13 j343 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהִנֵּ֥ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **behold** to focus Moses’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “and ”
|
||||
9:13 g59o rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עַם & \nהֽוּא 1 The pronoun **it** refers to the **people** of Israel. If it would be more natural in your language, you could use a plural pronoun here. Alternate translation: “they are a people”
|
||||
9:13 vghs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַם קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף 1 Here, **hard of neck** is an idiom that means “stubborn” and “rebellious.” The image comes from an animal that does not want to go the way his master is trying to direct him. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is a hard-hearted people” or “is a rebellious people”
|
||||
9:14 uvi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish הֶ֤רֶף מִמֶּ֨נִּי֙ 1 This does not mean that Yahweh wanted Moses to leave his presence which would imply that one could escape the presence of God. As God, Yahweh is everywhere. When he says **Leave me be**, Yahweh means that Moses should not try to stop him. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “Do not interfere”
|
||||
9:14 gu20 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְאַשְׁמִידֵ֔ם וְאֶמְחֶ֣ה אֶת־שְׁמָ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “and I will destroy them; indeed, I will blot out their name from under the heavens”
|
||||
9:14 lkr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְאֶמְחֶ֣ה אֶת־שְׁמָ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם 1 Yahweh speaks of destroying the Israelites as if he were blotting out memory of their **name**, and by extension, everything about them. When a group of people is completely destroyed, there is nothing to remind people about them. If your readers would not understand what this image means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and cause everyone under the heavens to forget their name”
|
||||
9:14 kubz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה֙ אֽוֹתְךָ֔ לְגוֹי 1 The implication is that Yahweh will cause Moses to have so many descendants that those descendants will become **a nation** to replace the Israelites. This **nation** will be “mightier and greater” than the Israelites were. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and I will make a nation from you and your descendants, one that is”
|
||||
9:15 qnh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וָאֵ֗פֶן 1 \t\r\n\rHere, the word **turned** describes the beginning of action. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “And I got up”
|
||||
9:15 teym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וָֽאֵרֵד֙ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “and went down”
|
||||
9:15 ft91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וְהָהָ֖ר בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֑שׁ 1 The expression **burning in the fire** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “and there was fire on the mountain”
|
||||
9:15 ex8r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לֻחֹ֣ת הַבְּרִ֔ית 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **the tablets** on which Yahweh wrote **the covenant**, specifically, the words of the Ten Commandments. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression to describe a tablet with writing on it. Alternate translation: “the tablets that had the words of the covenant on them”
|
||||
9:15 lyj0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo שְׁתֵּ֥י יָדָֽי 1 The expression **two hands** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “my hands”
|
||||
9:16 j8rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהִנֵּ֤ה 1 Moses is using the term **behold** to emphasize his shock at seeing the Israelites’ sin. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “”
|
||||
9:16 g65g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural חֲטָאתֶם֙ & אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם לָכֶ֔ם & סַרְתֶּ֣ם & אֶתְכֶֽם 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** here are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:16 eok0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סַרְתֶּ֣ם מַהֵ֔ר מִן־הַדֶּ֕רֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶתְכֶֽם 1 Here Yahweh is speaking of obedience as if it was a **path** that one walks on. He speaks of disobedience as turning aside from that **path**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this in [verse 12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “You have quickly disobeyed what Yahweh commanded you”
|
||||
9:17 fr0u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וָֽאַשְׁלִכֵ֔ם מֵעַ֖ל שְׁתֵּ֣י יָדָ֑י 1 The expression **threw them out of my two hands** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “and threw them”
|
||||
9:17 af08 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural לְעֵינֵיכֶֽם 1 The word **your** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:17 tplx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְעֵינֵיכֶֽם 1 Here, **eyes** represent the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as you watched”
|
||||
9:18 t6ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וָֽאֶתְנַפַּל֩ לִפְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה 1 Here, **prostrated** refers to the act of bowing on the ground and laying prone before an honored person. This is a symbolic action to worship and show submission. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “And I prostrated myself in worship of Yahweh”
|
||||
9:18 xf6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֨י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
|
||||
9:18 f1fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּרִאשֹׁנָ֗ה 1 Moses is referring to the first 40 day and 40 night fast that he completed on Mount Sinai from [verse 9](../09/09.md). You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as before you sinned, I fasted”
|
||||
9:18 op3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֖יִם לֹ֣א שָׁתִ֑יתִי 1 This does not mean that there was no **bread** or **water** available for Moses. Moses means that he chose to go without food or water while he was on the mountain. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. See how you translated this in [verse 9](../09/09.md).
|
||||
9:18 rbix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֶ֚חֶם 1 Here, **bread** represents all food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food”
|
||||
9:18 cw8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּעֵינֵ֥י 1 Here, **in the eyes of** is an idiom for someone's opinion or evaluation. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the evaluation of”
|
||||
9:18 a42t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ 1 This does not mean that the Israelites provoked Yahweh to anger on purpose, rather that their actions provoked Yahweh to anger. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “which provoked him to anger”
|
||||
9:19 v2ao rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for Moses prostrating himself in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because”
|
||||
9:19 mt8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵ֤י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of”
|
||||
9:19 i9wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הָאַף֙ וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ה 1 The terms **nose** and **heat** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the extreme anger”
|
||||
9:19 qh16 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָאַף֙ 1 Here, **nose** represents anger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the anger”
|
||||
9:19 w1oh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ה 1 Here, **heat** refers to extreme anger, which causes the angry person’s body to become hot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the rage”
|
||||
9:19 ivdv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit קָצַ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם לְהַשְׁמִ֣יד אֶתְכֶ֑ם 1 The implication is that Yahweh was so **angry** with the Israelites that he wanted **to destroy** them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was angry against you enough to destroy you”
|
||||
9:19 d212 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם & אֶתְכֶ֑ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:19 fxku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י 1 The implication is that Moses asked Yahweh not to destroy the Israelites, then **Yahweh listened**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh listened to me when I asked him to have mercy on you”
|
||||
9:19 f6y6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גַּ֖ם בַּפַּ֥עַם הַהִֽוא 1 This refers back to [5:23-28](../05/23.md), when Moses asked Yahweh if the Israelites could stay at the base of the mountain because they were afraid that they would die in the presence of Yahweh. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as he listened to me when you asked me to speak to Yahweh on your behalf”
|
||||
9:20 hevs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּֽבְאַהֲרֹ֗ן הִתְאַנַּ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה מְאֹ֖ד לְהַשְׁמִיד֑וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh was so **angry** with the Aaron for making the cast image calf that he wanted **to destroy** him. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh was very angry against Aaron, enough to destroy him”
|
||||
9:20 siem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָֽאֶתְפַּלֵּ֛ל גַּם־בְּעַ֥ד אַהֲרֹ֖ן בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽוא 1 The implication is that Yahweh also listened to Moses’ prayer on behalf of Aaron. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And I interceded also for the sake of Aaron at that time and Yahweh listened to me”
|
||||
9:21 n7ea rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural חַטַּאתְכֶ֞ם & עֲשִׂיתֶ֣ם 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** here are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:21 q095 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession חַטַּאתְכֶ֞ם 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe a **sin** that the Israelites had done by making the cast-image calf. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression to describe the sin of the cast-image calf. Alternate translation: “your sinful creation”
|
||||
9:22 n8jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּבְתַבְעֵרָה֙ וּבְמַסָּ֔ה וּבְקִבְרֹ֖ת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֑ה 1 **Taberah**, **Massah**, and **Kibroth Hattaavaare** are names of places that the Israelites traveled through in the wilderness.
|
||||
9:22 yl7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּבְתַבְעֵרָה֙ 1 This refers to [Numbers 11:1-3](Num/11/01.md), when the Israelites complained. Yahweh caused fire to burn on some parts of the camp because the Israelites were ungrateful. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And at Taberah, when you complained,”
|
||||
9:22 yrsh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּבְמַסָּ֔ה 1 This refers to the events of [Exodus 17:1-7](Exo/17/01.md), when the Israelites complained that Yahweh wanted to kill them because they had no water. In the end, Yahweh provided water for the Israelites to drink. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and at Massah, where you complained of thirst,”
|
||||
9:22 wesu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּבְקִבְרֹ֖ת הַֽתַּאֲוָ֑ה 1 This refers to the events of [Numbers 11:1-34](Num/11/01.md), when the Israelites complained that they were tired of eating Manna and that they preferred the food in Egypt. As a result, Yahweh sent quail to feed the Israelites. Yahweh punished the ungrateful Israelites by sending a plague that killed some of the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and at Kibroth Hattaavah, where you complained about the manna”
|
||||
9:22 tdds rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural הֱיִיתֶ֖ם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:23 uc1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּבִשְׁלֹ֨חַ יְהוָ֜ה אֶתְכֶ֗ם מִקָּדֵ֤שׁ בַּרְנֵ֨עַ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲלוּ֙ וּרְשׁ֣וּ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לָכֶ֑ם וַתַּמְר֗וּ אֶת־פִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֤א הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם֙ ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּקֹלֽוֹ 1 Moses discusses these events in [1:19-26](../01/19.md). See how you translated this event there.
|
||||
9:23 hgwo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural אֶתְכֶ֗ם & עֲלוּ֙ וּרְשׁ֣וּ & לָכֶ֑ם & אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֤א הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם֙ ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם 1 The words **you**, **your**, and the command forms here are plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:23 bap1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹ֔ר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
|
||||
9:23 xz23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עֲלוּ֙ 1 The Israelites were camping in a valley, and had to **Go up** in order to enter the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Go up from the valley”
|
||||
9:23 dxq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּ֤י 1 Here, **mouth** refers to Yahweh’s commands and what he says to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the command of”
|
||||
9:23 tbr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְלֹ֤א הֶֽאֱמַנְתֶּם֙ ל֔וֹ 1 The Israelites disobeyed Yahweh because they did not believe that Yahweh would fulfill his promise to give them the land. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because you did not believe him”
|
||||
9:23 ll0o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם 1 Here the word **listen** means to listen and obey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you did not obey”
|
||||
9:23 bfb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּקֹלֽוֹ 1 Here, **voice** represents the words Yahweh spoke, including his commandments. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “to what he said”
|
||||
9:24 r243 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural הֱיִיתֶ֖ם & אֶתְכֶֽם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:25 u8pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וָֽאֶתְנַפַּ֞ל לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֣ת אַרְבָּעִ֥ים הַיּ֛וֹם וְאֶת־אַרְבָּעִ֥ים הַלַּ֖יְלָה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי כִּֽי־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד אֶתְכֶֽם 1 In this verse, Moses repeats what he said in [verse 18](../09/18.md) and continues his speech. If the connection between this statement and the previous one is not clear, you may want to use a connecting word to show how this statement relates to what came before it. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “And, again I tell you that I fell on my knees before the face of Yahweh 40 days and 40 nights, and I prostrated myself because Yahweh had said to destroy you”
|
||||
9:25 fq4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction וָֽאֶתְנַפַּ֞ל & הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי 1 Here, **prostrated** refers to the act of bowing on the ground and laying prone before an honored person. This is a symbolic action to worship and show submission. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. See how you translated this in [verse 18](../09/18.md). Alternate translation: “And I prostrated myself in worship of Yahweh”
|
||||
9:25 tka1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
|
||||
9:25 o1tl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־אָמַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד אֶתְכֶֽם 1 The implication is that Yahweh said that he intended to destroy the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh intended to destroy you”
|
||||
9:25 kk9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural אֶתְכֶֽם 1 The word **you** here is plural. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
9:26 ki6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet עַמְּךָ֙ וְנַחֲלָ֣תְךָ֔ 1 The terms **your people** and **your inheritance** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “your own people”
|
||||
9:26 mct6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּגָדְלֶ֑ךָ 1 Here, **greatness** represents Yahweh’s power and all the miracles he performed when he brought the Israelites out of Egypt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “through your great might”
|
||||
9:26 ifw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה 1 Here, hand represents Yahweh’s power and actions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with mighty power”
|
||||
9:27 liv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit זְכֹר֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֑ב 1 The implication is that Moses wants Yahweh to remember the promises he made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and how those men obeyed Yahweh. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Remember the obedience of your servants, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob”
|
||||
9:27 s9n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־תֵּ֗פֶן אֶל 1 Here **turn** means “think about” or “regard.” Moses is speaking of turning to something as if it was the same as focusing on it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not dwell on”
|
||||
9:27 eq55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קְשִׁי֙ 1 Here **hardness** means “stubbornness.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the stubborn acts of”
|
||||
9:27 fu6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רִשְׁע֖וֹ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wickedness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “their wicked acts”
|
||||
9:28 axhc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּן 1 Moses uses **lest** to introduce an imaginary situation to convince Yahweh not to destroy the Israelites. Use a natural method in your language for introducing an imaginary situation. Alternate translation: “otherwise,”
|
||||
9:28 k03f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes יֹאמְר֗וּ הָאָרֶץ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹצֵאתָ֣נוּ מִשָּׁם֒ מִבְּלִי֙ יְכֹ֣לֶת יְהוָ֔ה לַהֲבִיאָ֕ם אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם וּמִשִּׂנְאָת֣וֹ אוֹתָ֔ם הוֹצִיאָ֖ם לַהֲמִתָ֥ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation as modeled by the UST.
|
||||
9:28 cc26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָאָרֶץ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוֹצֵאתָ֣נוּ מִשָּׁם֒ 1 Here, **the land where you brought us out from** represents the people of Egypt. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians”
|
||||
9:28 d71l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הוֹצֵאתָ֣נוּ & לַהֲבִיאָ֕ם & הוֹצִיאָ֖ם 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “took” instead of **brought**. Alternate translation: “you took us out … to take them … he has taken them out”
|
||||
9:28 gtwf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דִּבֶּ֣ר 1 Here **spoke** means “promised”. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he promised”
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9:29 dknc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet עַמְּךָ֖ וְנַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ 1 The terms **your people** and **your inheritance** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “your own people”
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9:29 vfxd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go הוֹצֵ֨אתָ֙ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “took” instead of **brought**. Alternate translation: “you took out”
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9:29 roqq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּכֹחֲךָ֣ הַגָּדֹ֔ל וּבִֽזְרֹעֲךָ֖ הַנְּטוּיָֽה 1 The terms **great power** and **outstretched arm** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “by your very great power”
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9:29 rw92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבִֽזְרֹעֲךָ֖ הַנְּטוּיָֽה 1 Here, **arm** refers to Yahweh’s power, influence, and capacity for action. The word **outstretched** means that he is using that power. If your readers would not understand what this image means in this context, you could use an equivalent metaphor from your culture. Alternatively, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by your acts of strength”
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10:intro ceg6 0 # Deuteronomy 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter.\n\nThis chapter focuses on retelling the great things Yahweh has done. It is a continuation of the material from the previous chapter. It is possible that this is a type of sermon or homily, where Moses is giving the people instructions.
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10:1 y2d7 0 # General Information:\n\nMoses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
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10:1 zf2r At that time 0 Alternate translation: “After I finished praying”
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Reference in New Issue