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EXO 23 review (#1977)
Co-authored-by: deferredreward <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org> Co-authored-by: Benjamin Wright <benjamin.wright@unfoldingword.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1977 Co-authored-by: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org> Co-committed-by: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org>
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@ -1572,7 +1572,7 @@ EXO 21 36 fkx2 figs-activepassive א֣וֹ נוֹדַ֗ע 1 if it was known This
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EXO 21 36 v64b נַגָּ֥ח הוּא֙ מִתְּמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם 1 a habit of goring in time past “had gored other animals before”
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EXO 21 36 ix8h figs-explicit לֹ֥א יִשְׁמְרֶ֖נּוּ בְּעָלָ֑יו 1 its owner has not kept it in This means that the owner did not keep his ox safely where it could not wander to hit other animals. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate translation: “and its owner did not keep it inside a fence” or “and its owner did not tie it securely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 36 dcv2 figs-explicit שַׁלֵּ֨ם יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שׁוֹר֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשּׁ֔וֹר 1 he must surely pay ox for ox The owner of the ox that killed must give an ox to the man who lost his ox. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 22 intro f9vb 0 # Exodus 22 General Notes<br><br>## Translation issues in this chapter<br><br>### Hypothetical situations<br>Throughout the case law a hypothetical situation is introduced with “when” or “if,” then there is a description of the situation, then there is the penalty or action to be taken in those situations. A hypothetical person may be introduced with “anyone” or “whoever.” Most verses for the next several chapters will have these hypothetical situations. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]] Translators familiar with Hebrew may want to notice that, generally, major divisions are introduced by כִּי (ki) and minor divisions within a topic are introduced by אִם (’im).<br><br><br>### Passive construction<br>Many portions of these situations are written in the passive voice. Some languages may have to change all or some of these to active voice. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]].
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EXO 22 intro f9vb 0 # Exodus 22 General Notes<br><br>## Structure<br>This chapter continues the list of case laws for Israel. Any attempt to outline structure would have almost as many sections as there are verses.<br><br>## Translation issues in this chapter<br><br>### Hypothetical situations<br>Throughout the case law a hypothetical situation is introduced with “when” or “if,” then there is a description of the situation, then there is the penalty or action to be taken in those situations. A hypothetical person may be introduced with “anyone” or “whoever.” Most verses for the next several chapters will have these hypothetical situations. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]] Translators familiar with Hebrew may want to notice that, generally, major divisions are introduced by כִּי (ki) and minor divisions within a topic are introduced by אִם (’im).<br><br><br>### Passive construction<br>Many portions of these situations are written in the passive voice. Some languages may have to change all or some of these to active voice. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]].
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EXO 22 1 syx5 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 22 1 onm0 grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical כִּ֤י יִגְנֹֽב־אִישׁ֙ שׁ֣וֹר אוֹ־שֶׂ֔ה וּטְבָח֖וֹ א֣וֹ מְכָר֑וֹ 1 General Information: This is the first of many hypothetical situations in this chapter, introduced by “when” or **if,** which you will encounter over the next several chapters. See the [introduction](../22/intro.md). You will need to translate these consistently in a manner that expresses that these situations have not happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
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EXO 22 1 bc03 translate-numbers חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה …וְאַרְבַּע 1 General Information: 5 … 4 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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@ -1634,57 +1634,70 @@ EXO 22 28 tdj6 וְנָשִׂ֥יא בְעַמְּךָ֖ לֹ֥א תָ
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EXO 22 29 p8nk figs-doublenegatives לֹ֣א תְאַחֵ֑ר 1 You must not hold back offerings This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “You must bring all of your offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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EXO 22 30 j345 translate-numbers שִׁבְעַ֤ת 1 For seven days This can be written as a numeral. Alternate translation: “7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 22 30 m4wq translate-ordinal בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֖י 1 the eighth day This can be written as a numeral. Alternate translation: “on day number 8” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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EXO 23 intro hk5t 0 # Exodus 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice in society<br>The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God’s chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Celebrations of feasts and festivals<br>The people of Israel were required to celebrate certain feasts and festivals. These were part of the law of Moses and some are described in this chapter. Their purpose was to worship Yahweh and to remember the great things Yahweh has done for them.
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EXO 23 intro hk5t 0 # Exodus 23 General Notes<br><br>## Structure<br>This chapter continues the list of case laws for Israel. It also touches on the patterns of life regarding the Sabbaths ([verses 10-12](../23/10.md)) and Festivals ([verses 14-19](../23/14.md)). At [verse 20](../23/20.md) Yahweh begins telling them about their future as they go to and live in the promised land.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Celebrations of feasts and festivals<br>The people of Israel were required to celebrate certain feasts and festivals. These were part of the law of Moses and some are described in this chapter. Their purpose was to worship Yahweh and to remember the great things Yahweh has done for them.
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EXO 23 1 we1y 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 23 1 y1a3 1 dishonest witness This is the same as a lying or false witness.
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EXO 23 2 nqz9 1 nor may you bear witness “and you also must not speak”
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EXO 23 2 z6ej figs-metaphor 1 siding with the crowd This is a metaphor that describes one’s agreeing with a group of people as if he actually walked over and stood with that group. Alternate translation: “doing what the crowd wants” or “agreeing with the majority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 23 2 tnv2 1 pervert justice do illegal or immoral actions that result in a unjust ruling
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EXO 23 4 faf4 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 23 6 gr9g 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 23 6 z2al 1 Do not thrust aside justice for your poor in his lawsuit “Do not decide to treat a poor man unjustly in legal matters”
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EXO 23 6 vh76 1 lawsuit Here, this refers to any matter that a court decides.
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EXO 23 7 mf4w 1 I will not acquit the wicked “I will not find the wicked not guilty” or “I will not say of wicked people that they are innocent”
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EXO 23 8 gh3v figs-personification 1 bribe blinds…perverts Here a “bribe” is described as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “bribe discredits…undermines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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EXO 23 9 mzu9 1 the life of a foreigner “the kind of life a stranger lives in a foreign land”
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EXO 23 10 usn5 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 23 10 rt7h 1 its produce “the food its plants produce”
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EXO 23 1 eeoc figs-abstractnouns לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֖א שֵׁ֣מַע שָׁ֑וְא 1 dishonest witness This could be translated differently to avoid the abstract nouns **report** and **emptiness.** Alternate translation: “You must not report emptily” or “You must not report falsely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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EXO 23 1 0qjm figs-idiom אַל־תָּ֤שֶׁת יָֽדְךָ֙ עִם־רָשָׁ֔ע 1 dishonest witness Here, to **put your hand with the wicked** means to support the lies that he is telling in order to harm someone else. The image is of putting out your hand to help him, to make him stronger than he would be on his own. Alternate translation: “You must not assist the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 23 1 l4xr שֵׁ֣מַע שָׁ֑וְא 1 General Information: “a false testimony”
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EXO 23 1 y1a3 figs-metonymy עֵ֥ד חָמָֽס 1 dishonest witness Here, **violence** can also mean “wrong.” Either way, it means to harm another person by committing injustice (violence to justice) by lying. Alternate translation: “a false witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 2 nqz9 לֹא־תַעֲנֶ֣ה 1 nor may you bear witness “and you also must not speak”
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EXO 23 2 z6ej figs-metaphor לֹֽא־תִהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרֵֽי־רַבִּ֖ים לְרָעֹ֑ת 1 siding with the crowd This is a metaphor that describes one’s agreeing with a group of people as if he actually walked behind that group. Alternate translation: “You must not do the evil that the crowd wants” or “You must not agree with the majority for evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 23 2 nuag figs-ellipsis לִנְטֹ֛ת…לְהַטֹּֽת 1 siding with the crowd “From justice” is omitted but should be understood. Alternate translation: “to turn aside from justice … that turns aside from justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
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EXO 23 2 tnv2 לִנְטֹ֛ת…לְהַטֹּֽת 1 pervert justice This means to do illegal or immoral actions that result in a unjust ruling. Alternate translation: “to pervert justice … that perverts justice”
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EXO 23 6 z2al לֹ֥א תַטֶּ֛ה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט אֶבְיֹנְךָ֖ בְּרִיבֽוֹ 1 Do not thrust aside justice for your poor in his lawsuit “Do not decide to treat a poor man unjustly in legal matters”
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EXO 23 6 vh76 בְּרִיבֽוֹ 1 lawsuit Here, this refers to any matter that a court decides.
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EXO 23 7 ljdw figs-metaphor מִדְּבַר־שֶׁ֖קֶר תִּרְחָ֑ק 1 I will not acquit the wicked Here, distance is used figuratively to tell the Israelites to have no part in deception. Alternate translation: “Do not speak deceptively” or “Do not join a false matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 23 7 c6xl figs-doublet וְנָקִ֤י וְצַדִּיק֙ 1 I will not acquit the wicked These two terms mean very similar things, both of which contrast with “the wicked” later in the verse. Alternate translation: “person who has not done anything wrong or the person who always does what is right” or “person who does right and not wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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EXO 23 7 mf4w לֹא־אַצְדִּ֖יק רָשָֽׁע 1 I will not acquit the wicked “I will not find the wicked not guilty” or “I will not say that a wicked person is innocent”
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EXO 23 8 gh3v figs-personification כִּ֤י הַשֹּׁ֨חַד֙ יְעַוֵּ֣ר פִּקְחִ֔ים וִֽיסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽים 1 bribe blinds…perverts Here a “bribe” is described as if it could take action itself that negatively affects justice. Alternate translation: “for if you do, an evil person can give money to blind the clear-sighted and to pervert the words of the righteous ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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EXO 23 8 ai37 figs-metaphor כִּ֤י הַשֹּׁ֨חַד֙ יְעַוֵּ֣ר פִּקְחִ֔ים וִֽיסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽים 1 bribe blinds…perverts To **blind the clear-sighted** is a metaphor that means causing those who know what is right to act like they do not. And **pervert the words of the righteous** could mean causing those who would speak the truth (in court) to lie or causing the judge to give an evil judgement or causing those listening to **the words of the righteous** to choose to act as if they had heard something different. Alternate translation: “for a bribe causes those who understand the right thing to do not to do it and causes good men to speak lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 23 9 mzu9 אֶת־נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַגֵּ֔ר 1 the life of a foreigner “the feelings of the foreigner”
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EXO 23 10 rt7h תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ 1 its produce “the food its plants produce”
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EXO 23 10 6yd4 translate-numbers וְשֵׁ֥שׁ 1 its produce “And 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 23 11 vr1l 1 unplowed uncultivated, untilled
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EXO 23 11 b5q6 1 fallow in its natural state, not used for to grow food
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EXO 23 11 s4wv figs-explicit 1 so that the poor among your people may eat The poor can eat any food that grows on its own in a field that is not cultivated. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “so the poor among your people may harvest and eat any food that grows on its own in that field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 23 12 v36j 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 23 12 ij92 1 your ox and your donkey “your work animals”
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EXO 23 12 gpu1 figs-activepassive 1 any foreigner may rest and be refreshed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “any foreigner may rest and regain his strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 23 13 ldn8 1 Pay attention to “Do” or “Obey”
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EXO 23 13 x5tf figs-metonymy 1 mention the names of other gods This represents praying to other gods. Alternate translation: “pray to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 14 kp1j 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 23 15 bu7n translate-hebrewmonths 1 Aviv This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EXO 23 15 tx1v figs-doublenegatives 1 not appear before me empty-handed Here understatement is used to emphasize that the Israelites must bring a suitable offering to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “come to me without a proper offering” or “always bring an offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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EXO 23 16 tnz1 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 23 16 z4k4 1 You must observe “You must honor” or “You must celebrate”
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EXO 23 16 pnx4 1 Festival of Ingathering This festival celebrated the final harvesting of all the crops for the year.
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EXO 23 17 t5xj figs-explicit 1 All your males must appear before the Lord Yahweh Here to “appear” means to gather for worship. Alternate translation: “All the men must gather to worship the Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 23 18 rqs4 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 23 18 qgx1 1 fat from the sacrifices The fat was burned as an offering to Yahweh and was never eaten.
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EXO 23 19 h3gs 1 the choicest firstfruits “the best and first produce of the harvest”
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EXO 23 19 u7bk 1 You must not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk This was a magical fertility practice among the Canaanites, which the Israelites were not permitted to participate in.
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EXO 23 20 e5sr 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 23 21 pm7x 1 Be attentive to him “Listen to him”
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EXO 23 21 p5y3 1 Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon “If you provoke him, he will not pardon”
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EXO 23 21 p4jv figs-metonymy 1 My name is on him Here “name” refers to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “He has my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 22 z1gn figs-metonymy 1 If you indeed obey his voice Here “voice” represents what the angel says. Alternate translation: “If you carefully obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 22 y9bm figs-parallelism 1 an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries These two phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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EXO 23 23 ap6k 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 23 24 a1d5 figs-explicit 1 You must not…do as they do The Israelites must not live as the people who worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You must not…live as the people who worship those gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 23 25 t3ir figs-merism 1 he will bless your bread and water This is a merism that means food and drink. Alternate translation: “he will bless your food and drink” or “he will bless you by giving you food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
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EXO 23 25 ydl4 figs-123person 1 he will bless…I will remove Yahweh switched between the first and third pronoun to refer to himself. Here both “he” and “I” refer to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
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EXO 23 26 i9uj 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 23 26 q4gz figs-doublenegatives 1 No woman will be barren or will miscarry her young in your land This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Every woman will be able to become pregnant and give birth to healthy babies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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EXO 23 26 i1r9 1 miscarry to have a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly
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EXO 23 28 cg7i 1 hornets a flying insect that can sting people and cause pain
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EXO 23 29 i9aq 1 or the land would become abandoned “because no one would be living in the land”
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EXO 23 30 zyl3 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 23 33 d1fp figs-metaphor 1 this will surely become a trap for you This means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to certain destruction as if they were an animal caught in a hunter’s trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 23 11 waxp translate-ordinal וְהַשְּׁבִיעִ֞ת 1 unplowed “And the 7th” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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EXO 23 11 b5q6 תִּשְׁמְטֶ֣נָּה וּנְטַשְׁתָּ֗הּ 1 fallow in its natural state, not used for to grow food, unplowed, unplanted
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EXO 23 11 s4wv figs-explicit וְאָֽכְלוּ֙ אֶבְיֹנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ 1 so that the poor among your people may eat The poor can eat any food that grows on its own in a field that is not cultivated. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “so the poor among your people may harvest and eat any food that grows on its own in that field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 23 12 ij92 שֽׁוֹרְךָ֙ וַחֲמֹרֶ֔ךָ 1 your ox and your donkey “your work animals”
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EXO 23 12 tajk translate-numbers שֵׁ֤שֶׁת 1 any foreigner may rest and be refreshed “6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 23 12 u07q translate-ordinal הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י 1 any foreigner may rest and be refreshed “the 7th” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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EXO 23 12 gpu1 figs-activepassive וְיִנָּפֵ֥שׁ בֶּן־אֲמָתְךָ֖ וְהַגֵּֽר 1 any foreigner may rest and be refreshed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and the son of your female slave and the sojourner may refresh himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 23 13 ldn8 תִּשָּׁמֵ֑רוּ 1 Pay attention to “Do” or “Obey”
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EXO 23 13 va2j figs-parallelism וְשֵׁ֨ם אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ לֹ֣א תַזְכִּ֔ירוּ לֹ֥א יִשָּׁמַ֖ע עַל־פִּֽיךָ 1 mention the names of other gods These two instructions mean almost the same thing. It may be more clear to combine them in some languages. Alternate translation: “Be sure never to speak the names of other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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EXO 23 13 x5tf figs-metonymy וְשֵׁ֨ם אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֲחֵרִים֙ לֹ֣א תַזְכִּ֔ירוּ לֹ֥א יִשָּׁמַ֖ע עַל־פִּֽיךָ 1 mention the names of other gods This probably means praying to other gods. Alternate translation: “Do not pray to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 13 apnw figs-metonymy לֹ֥א יִשָּׁמַ֖ע עַל־פִּֽיךָ 1 mention the names of other gods To be **on your mouth** means to speak. Alternate translation: “nor speak them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 13 s86p figs-activepassive לֹ֥א יִשָּׁמַ֖ע עַל־פִּֽיךָ 1 mention the names of other gods You could translate this in an active manner. Also see previous note. Alternate translation: “nor speak them so someone could hear them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 23 14 ezgh translate-numbers שָׁלֹ֣שׁ 1 mention the names of other gods “3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 23 15 bu7n translate-hebrewmonths הָֽאָבִ֔יב 1 Aviv This is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EXO 23 15 i88n translate-numbers שִׁבְעַ֣ת 1 Aviv “7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 23 15 tx1v figs-doublenegatives וְלֹא־יֵרָא֥וּ פָנַ֖י רֵיקָֽם 1 not appear before me empty-handed Here understatement is used to emphasize that the Israelites must bring a suitable offering to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “come to me without a proper offering” or “always bring an offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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EXO 23 16 pnx4 וְחַ֤ג הָֽאָסִף֙ 1 Festival of Ingathering This festival celebrated the final harvesting of all the crops for the year. Alternate translation: “And the Festival of the Ingathering”
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EXO 23 17 t5xj figs-metonymy יֵרָאֶה֙ 1 All your males must appear before the Lord Yahweh Here to **appear to the face of the Lord Yahweh** means to gather to worship. **To the face** is a metonym for Yahweh’s presence, referring to worship. Alternate translation: “must come to worship the Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 20 bssx figs-metonymy לְפָנֶ֔יךָ 1 This means “in front of you.” Alternate translation: “in front of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 21 mpfy figs-metonymy הִשָּׁ֧מֶר מִפָּנָ֛יו 1 Be attentive to him This means to respect him. **From his face** refers to his person. Alternate translation: “Show respect to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 21 pm7x figs-activepassive הִשָּׁ֧מֶר מִפָּנָ֛יו 1 Be attentive to him You could state this in an active manner. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 23 21 p5y3 grammar-connect-logic-result אַל־תַּמֵּ֣ר בּ֑וֹ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יִשָּׂא֙ לְפִשְׁעֲכֶ֔ם כִּ֥י שְׁמִ֖י בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ 1 Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon There are two reasons given for the instruction **do not cause bitterness in him**. They are chained together such that you could say: “Because my name is within him, he will not forgive your transgressions, therefore do not cause bitterness in him.” The relation of the **name** and **forgiveness** is not explicit. Alternate translation: “If you provoke him, he will not pardon your sins for my name is within him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 23 21 p4jv figs-metonymy שְׁמִ֖י בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ 1 My name is on him Here **name** refers to God’s authority. Alternate translation: “He has my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 21 gt76 figs-metonymy וּשְׁמַ֥ע בְּקֹל֖וֹ 1 If you indeed obey his voice Here, **voice** represents what the angel says. Alternate translation: “and obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 22 z1gn figs-metonymy אִם־שָׁמֹ֤עַ תִּשְׁמַע֙ בְּקֹל֔וֹ 1 If you indeed obey his voice Here, **voice** represents what the angel says. Alternate translation: “if you carefully obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 22 y9bm figs-parallelism וְאָֽיַבְתִּי֙ אֶת־אֹ֣יְבֶ֔יךָ וְצַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־צֹרְרֶֽיךָ 1 an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries These two phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: see UST(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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EXO 23 23 0dre figs-metonymy לְפָנֶיךָ֒ 1 This means “in front of you.” Alternate translation: “in front of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 24 a1d5 figs-explicit וְלֹ֥א תַעֲשֶׂ֖ה כְּמַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם 1 You must not…do as they do The Israelites must not live as the people who worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You must not…live as the people who worship those gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 23 25 t3ir figs-merism וּבֵרַ֥ךְ אֶֽת־לַחְמְךָ֖ וְאֶת־מֵימֶ֑יךָ 1 he will bless your bread and water This is a merism that means food and drink. Alternate translation: “he will bless your food and drink” or “he will bless you by giving you food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
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EXO 23 25 ydl4 figs-123person וּבֵרַ֥ךְ 1 he will bless…I will remove Yahweh switched between the first and third pronoun to refer to himself. Here both “he” and “I” refer to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
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EXO 23 26 q4gz figs-doublenegatives לֹ֥א תִהְיֶ֛ה מְשַׁכֵּלָ֥ה וַעֲקָרָ֖ה 1 No woman will be barren or will miscarry her young in your land This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Every woman will be able to become pregnant and give birth to healthy babies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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EXO 23 26 i1r9 מְשַׁכֵּלָ֥ה 1 miscarry to have a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly
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EXO 23 26 geqg figs-idiom אֶת־מִסְפַּ֥ר יָמֶ֖יךָ אֲמַלֵּֽא 1 miscarry This is an idiom that means to live a long time. Alternate translation: “I will give you a long life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 23 27 yps8 figs-metonymy לְפָנֶ֔יךָ 1 miscarry This means “ahead of you.” Alternate translation: “before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 27 q901 figs-idiom וְנָתַתִּ֧י אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבֶ֛יךָ אֵלֶ֖יךָ עֹֽרֶף 1 miscarry This is an idiom meaning that the enemies will turn and run away (showing the Israelites the backs of their necks). Alternate translation: “and I will make all of your enemies flee” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 23 28 0via figs-metonymy לְפָנֶ֑יךָ …מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ 1 miscarry This means “ahead of you.” Alternate translation: “before you … from before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 28 cg7i translate-unknown הַצִּרְעָ֖ה 1 hornets This is a flying insect that can sting people and cause pain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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EXO 23 28 oocw grammar-collectivenouns הַצִּרְעָ֖ה … וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה 1 hornets Here, **hornet** is used in the singular but refers to a large group of the flying, stinging insects. **It** agrees in number with **hornet**. It may be necessary to translate as a plural. Alternate translation: “hornets … and they will drive out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 23 29 wfdi figs-metonymy מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ 1 miscarry This means “ahead of you.” Alternate translation: “from before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 29 i9aq figs-explicit פֶּן־תִּהְיֶ֤ה הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה 1 or the land would become abandoned You could make the rest of the idea explicit if it would help. Alternate translation: “lest the land become desolate because no one would be living in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 23 30 mne7 figs-metonymy מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ 1 miscarry This means “ahead of you.” Alternate translation: “from before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 31 my2e figs-metonymy מִפָּנֶֽיךָ 1 miscarry This means “ahead of you.” Alternate translation: “from before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 23 33 d1fp figs-metaphor כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ 1 this will surely become a trap for you This means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to certain destruction as if they were an animal caught in a hunter’s trap. It could also be saying that leaving the other people around will make it so that the Israelites see the other people’s worship and are lured (like in a trap) into worshipping the other gods, which is a sin against Yahweh. See UST. Alternate translation: “worshipping them will surely destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 24 intro b83l 0 # Exodus 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Moses’ covenant<br>The people of Israel promise to obey the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. Their continued blessings were contingent upon their obedience to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### God’s holiness<br>Because Yahweh is perfectly holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. Because of this, only Moses was allowed near Yahweh. This is also why Yahweh is described as a “devouring fire.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
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EXO 24 1 c97i translate-names 1 Nadab…Abihu These are men’s names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EXO 24 1 nm3t translate-numbers 1 seventy of Israel’s elders “70 of Israel’s elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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