DCS-Mirror
/
Testing_ABC_en_tn
mirror of https://git.door43.org/Testing_ABC/en_tn
2
0
Fork 0
Files Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity See in Reader

Merge christopherrsmith-tc-create-1 into master by christopherrsmith (#3481)

This commit is contained in:
christopherrsmith 2023-08-22 11:17:13 +00:00
parent f7760b4dea
commit c4916c1d02
1 changed files with 354 additions and 354 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

708
tn_JOB.tsv
View File

@ -1513,7 +1513,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
20:24 j607 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy קֶ֣שֶׁת נְחוּשָֽׁה 1 Zophar is using the term **bow** by association to mean an arrow from a bow. If you decide to retain this image in your translation, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “an arrow that someone shoots using a bronze bow”
20:25 j608 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שָׁלַף֮ וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֪א מִ⁠גֵּ֫וָ֥ה וּ֭⁠בָרָק מִֽ⁠מְּרֹרָת֥⁠וֹ יַהֲלֹ֗ךְ עָלָ֥י⁠ו אֵמִֽים 1 Zophar is continuing to speak as if someone had shot an arrow into the wicked person he is describing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The wicked person realizes that the danger that has overtaken him is going to destroy him”
20:25 j609 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֭⁠בָרָק 1 Zophar is using the term **gleaming** by association to mean an arrow whose metal point gleams in the sunlight. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the point of the arrow”
20:25 puf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural עָלָ֥י⁠ו אֵמִֽים 1 Zophar could be using the plural form, **Terrors**, in an intensive sense to mean the worst of terrors, that is, death, as in [18:14](../18/14.md). Alternate translation: “He is terrified because he realizes that he is going to die”
20:25 puf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural עָלָ֥י⁠ו אֵמִֽים 1 Zophar could be using the plural form **Terrors** in an intensive sense to mean the worst of terrors, that is, death, as in [18:14](../18/14.md). Alternate translation: “He is terrified because he realizes that he is going to die”
20:26 w5yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כָּל־חֹשֶׁךְ֮ טָמ֪וּן 1 Zophar says **All** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “Great darkness is hidden”
20:26 j610 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּל־חֹשֶׁךְ֮ טָמ֪וּן 1 Zophar is using the term **darkness** to represent troubles. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Great troubles are hidden”
20:26 j611 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive כָּל־חֹשֶׁךְ֮ טָמ֪וּן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who has done the action, the context suggests that it is God. Alternate translation: “God has hidden great troubles”
@ -2353,363 +2353,363 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
31:14 s3xg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּ⁠מָ֣ה אֶֽ֭עֱשֶׂה כִּֽי־יָק֣וּם אֵ֑ל וְ⁠כִֽי־יִ֝פְקֹ֗ד מָ֣ה אֲשִׁיבֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “then I would not be able to do anything if God arose, or if he visited, I would not be able to answer him”
31:14 j958 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָק֣וּם אֵ֑ל 1 Job is asking implicitly what he would do if God **arose** or stood up to bring charges against him. As a note to [20:27](../20/27.md) explains, in order to begin a case against someone, people in this culture would stand up among those who had gathered in the public square. See how you translated the similar expression in [20:27](../20/27.md). Alternate translation: “God stood up to bring charges against me”
31:14 j959 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠כִֽי־יִ֝פְקֹ֗ד 1 Job is using the term **visited** in a particular sense. When applied to God, the term often indicates that God takes action in the life of a person or group, whether to help needy people or to punish guilty people. For example, [Ruth 1:6](../01/06.md) says that Naomi, who had left Israel because of a famine, returned there after she heard that “Yahweh had visited his people, giving them bread.” Here the sense is that God would “visit” Job to help Job’s servants and to punish him for mistreating them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Or if he came to help my servants”
31:15 jl2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did not the one making me in the belly make him? And did {not} one fashion us in the womb? 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “After all, the one who made me in the belly also made him. Indeed, the same person fashioned us both in the womb.”
31:15 j960 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations Did not & make him 1 Although the pronoun **him** is masculine, Job is using the word in a generic sense that refers both to the “male servant” and “female servant” whom he describes in verse 13. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an expression in your language that would indicate this. Alternate translation: “Did not … make my male servant and my female servant” or “Did not … make them”
31:15 j961 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive And did {not} one fashion us 1 By **us**, Job means himself and his servants but not the friends to whom he is speaking, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
31:16 yzr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession from the desire of the poor 1 Job is using this possessive form to describe something that the **poor** would **desire**. The sense is that they would desire this because they needed it. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “something that the poor desired” or “something that the poor needed”
31:16 j962 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor 1 Job is using the adjective **poor** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “poor people”
31:16 e9r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche or I have made the eyes of the widow fail 1 Job is using one part of this **widow**, her **eyes**, to mean all of her in the act of looking for help, that is, expecting and awaiting help. If her eyes were to **fail**, that would mean that she had given up hope of receiving the help she needed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or if I have neglected to help a widow for so long that she gave up hope of receiving help”
31:16 j963 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the widow 1 Job is not referring to a specific **widow**. He means any widow who might have needed help. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using an indefinite article. Alternate translation: “a widow”
31:17 gs2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the fatherless 1 Job is using the adjective **fatherless** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the fatherless person” or “the orphan”
31:17 j964 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the fatherless 1 Job is not referring to a specific **fatherless** person. He means any orphan who might have needed food. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “any orphan who might have needed food”
31:18 ibm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases for 1 Job is using the word **for** to introduce the reason why he does not even need to specify a consequence in this case if he has committed the sins he has just described. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “but I do not even need to say what God should do to me if I have done those things, because”
31:18 z518 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole from my youth & and from the belly of my mother 1 Job says **from my youth** and **from the belly of my mother** as overstatements for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “throughout my life … and continually”
31:18 xz2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns he has grown up with me & I have guided her 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the representative orphan whom Job described in the verse 17, and the pronoun **her** refers to the representative widow he described in verse 16. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the orphan has grown up with me … I have guided the widow”
31:19 j965 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the needy 1 Job is using the adjective **needy** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a needy person”
31:19 j966 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the needy 1 Job is not referring to a specific **needy** person. He means any person who might have needed a **covering**, probably meaning an outer garment that would also have served as a blanket. You could indicate in your translation whom Job means if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “any person who needed one”
31:20 j967 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure if his loins have not blessed me and he has {not} warmed himself from the wool of my sheep 1 Since this representative needy person may have first **warmed himself** with a garment that Job provided and then **blessed** Job for this practical help, it may be more natural to reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “if he has not warmed himself from the wool of my sheep and blessed me for my kindness”
31:20 ut9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche if his loins have not blessed me 1 Job is using one part of this representative needy person, his **loins**, to mean all of him in the act of blessing Job. Job probably chooses the waist area to symbolize this person because that is the area that a person who needed clothing would cover first. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if he has not blessed me”
31:20 r66u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the wool of my sheep 1 Job is using this phrase by association to mean a garment that someone in his household would have woven from **wool** that his **sheep** had produced. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with a warm woolen garment that I provided”
31:21 mf7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction if I have shaken my hand against the fatherless 1 Shaking the **hand**, probably formed into a fist, **against** someone would be a symbolic action that threatened harm if the person did not acquiesce to one’s wishes. In this context, it would be a gesture that threatened severe consequences if an opponent in court did not agree to settle a case on favorable terms. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “if I have tried to intimidate the fatherless into settling a case in my favor”
31:21 w7s9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I saw my help at the gate 1 Job is using the term **gate** by association to mean the community court, which would hold its sessions in the public square near the city gate. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I saw that there were people in court who would take my side”
31:22 sqk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive yes, may my arm be broken from its socket 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “yes, may my arm break off from its socket”
31:23 ss4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases For 1 Job is using the word **For** to reassert the reason why he did not commit any of the crimes he has been describing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “No, I did not do any of those things, because”
31:23 j968 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession the destruction of God 1 Job is using this possessive form to describe the **destruction** of a wicked person by **God**, not the destruction of God by anything. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the knowledge that God destroys wicked people”
31:23 j969 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and from his majesty, I was not able 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Job is referring to neglecting the poor and intimidating the fatherless, as he described in verses 19–21. Alternate translation: “and because of his majesty, I was not able to do any of those things” or “and because of his majesty, I could not have done any of those things”
31:24 j970 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes and I have said to fine gold, ‘My confidence’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and I have told fine gold that it was my confidence”
31:24 s4sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe and I have said to fine gold, ‘My confidence’ 1 If Job had spoken to **fine gold** in this way, he would have been speaking to something that he knew could not hear him in order to show in a strong way how he felt about it. If a speaker in your language would not do that, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I have said that fine gold was my confidence”
31:24 r6lg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns and I have said to fine gold, ‘My confidence’ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **confidence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and I have said that I was confiding in fine gold”
31:25 sk1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas and because my hand had acquired much! 1 This is the conclusion of an oath that Job is swearing. In this culture, people would often swear an oath by stating the first part of a condition but not the second part. As the General Notes to this chapter explain, in most instances Job does state the second part of conditions in the oaths that he swears in that chapter. But in this instance, he does not. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explicitly state the implied second part of this condition. You could use the same language that Job uses in verses 11 and 28, or you could use plain language. Alternate translation: “and because my hand had acquired much, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “and because my hand had acquired much, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:25 bt3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my hand had acquired much 1 Job is using one part of himself, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of acquiring wealth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I had acquired much”
31:25 j971 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj much 1 Job is using the adjective **much** as a noun to mean wealth in quantity. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a fortune”
31:26 j972 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the light 1 Job is using the term **light** by association to mean the sun. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the sun”
31:26 m93p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor or the moon walking 1 Job is speaking as if the **moon** were literally **walking** across the sky. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or the moon moving across the sky”
31:27 qcf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and my heart opened 1 See how you translated the similar expression about the “heart” being “opened” in [31:9](../31/09.md). Alternate translation: “and I was attracted to the sun or the moon”
31:27 wm2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification and my hand kissed my mouth 1 Job is speaking as if his **hand** were a living thing that could have **kissed** his **mouth**. He means that if he had wanted to offer worship to the sun or the moon, following the customs of this culture, he would have touched his hand to his mouth in a kiss and then waved the kiss up to the sun or the moon. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “and I had blown a kiss to the sun or the moon” or “and I had worshiped the sun or the moon”
31:28 pwl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession this also {would be} iniquity of judges 1 See how you translated the expression **iniquity of judges** in [31:11](../31/11.md). Alternate translation: “judges would certainly also punish such iniquity”
31:29 b1im rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom or lifted myself up 1 This expression means to consider oneself in a better position than another who has suffered a misfortune. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or gloated”
31:29 p1nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification when evil found him 1 Job is speaking of **evil** as if it were a living thing that could have **found** someone who hated him. Here the word **evil** has the sense of “misfortune” rather than of moral wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he suffered misfortune”
31:29 hvt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas when evil found him 1 This is the conclusion of an oath that Job is swearing in this verse. See what you did in [31:25](../31/25.md), where Job similarly does not state the second part of the condition in an oath that he is swearing. Alternate translation: “when evil found him, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “when evil found him, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:30 w93c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification For I have not caused my palate to sin 1 Job is speaking as if his **palate** or mouth were a living thing that he could have caused to **sin**. He means that he himself could have sinned in something that he said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For I have not said something sinful”
31:31 j973 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas If the men of my tent have not said, ‘Who will show one {who} has not been satisfied from his flesh?’ 1 As in [31:25](../31/25.md) and [31:29](../31/29.md), here Job does not state the second part of the condition in an oath that he is swearing. See what you did in those verses. Alternate translation: “If the men of my tent have not said, ‘Who will show one who has not been satisfied from his flesh?’ then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “If the men of my tent have not said, ‘Who will show one {who} has not been satisfied from his flesh?’ then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:31 j974 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes If the men of my tent have not said, ‘Who will show one {who} has not been satisfied from his flesh?’! 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “If the men of my tent have not asked who would show one who has not been satisfied from my flesh!”
31:31 ng3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the men of my tent 1 Job is using the term **tent** by association to mean his household. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the men of my household”
31:31 j975 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations the men of my tent 1 Although Job refers to his male and female servants separately in [31:13](../31/13.md), Job is likely using the masculine term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “the men and women of my household” or “my servants”
31:31 hwl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who will show one {who} has not been satisfied from his flesh? 1 Job’s servants would be using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “No one can show anyone who has not been satisfied from his flesh!” or, positively, “Everyone has been satisfied from his flesh!”
31:31 j976 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit one {who} has not been satisfied 1 As the next verse shows, Job’s servants would be speaking implicitly of hungry people. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a hungry person who has not been satisfied”
31:31 j977 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from his flesh 1 Job’s servants would be using the term **flesh** by association to mean meat and, by further association, food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from his food”
31:32 p6kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives The sojourner has not stayed overnight in the outdoors 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative phrase **stayed overnight in the outdoors**. Alternate translation: “I have allowed the sojourner to stay in my home”
31:32 uns3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun The sojourner has not stayed overnight … to the traveler 1 Job is not referring to a specific **sojourner** or to a specific **traveler**. He means sojourners and travelers in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “Sojourners have not had to stay overnight … to travelers”
31:32 h895 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I have opened my doors to the traveler 1 Job is using one thing he would do to provide hospitality, open his **doors**, to mean the entire act of providing hospitality. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have provided hospitality to travelers”
31:33 jav4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations like man 1 The word translated **man** could mean: (1) even though it is masculine, humanity in general, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “as people do” (2) Adam, the first man whom God created and who tried to hide from God when he realized that he had sinned. (However, many interpreters question whether Job would have been familiar with the book of Genesis.) Alternate translation: “like Adam”
31:33 sb1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have concealed my sins by hiding my guilt in my chest 1 Job is speaking as if **guilt** were an object that he could **hide** in his chest. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “I have concealed the guilt of my sins by keeping it inside” or “I have concealed my sins by not telling anyone about what I was guilty of doing”
31:34 b8ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche and did not go out the door 1 Job is using thing he would do to confess his sins publicly, **go out the door**, to mean the entire act of making a public confession. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and did not confess my sin publicly”
31:34 ia4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas and did not go out the door 1 This is the conclusion of an oath that Job is swearing in this verse. See what you did in [31:25](../31/25.md), where Job similarly does not state the second part of the condition in an oath that he is swearing. Alternate translation: “and did not go out the door, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “and did not go out the door, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:35 i9lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Who will give to me one hearing me? 1 See how you translated the expression **Who will give** in [11:5–6](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “I wish that I had someone who was hearing me!”
31:35 v1vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit one hearing me? 1 By **one hearing me**, Job implicitly means someone impartial “hearing” his case in the judicial sense and judging it. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “someone impartial who will judge between me and God”
31:35 vmt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Behold, my mark! 1 It appears that in this culture, both parties in a legal proceeding would submit their arguments to the court in writing and that they would sign them with their names or with a **mark** to authenticate them. Job is speaking as if he is putting his mark on a written record of his testimony in order to declare that everything he has just said is true. (It seems unlikely that he has actually put all of his testimony in writing, since this is not an actual court proceeding and God would not be submitting a corresponding written document.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I certify that I have been telling the truth”
31:35 u84z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And the scroll that the man of my case has written? 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And who will give to me the scroll that the man of my case has written?” or “And I wish that I had the scroll that the man of my case has written!”
31:35 qku3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the man of my case 1 This expression refers to an opponent in a legal proceeding. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my opponent”
31:36 j978 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom If I would not bear it on my shoulder? 1 Job is using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “I would bear it on my shoulder, would I not?”
31:36 j979 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If I would not bear it on my shoulder? 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I would certainly bear it on my shoulder!”
31:36 gw5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor If I would not bear it on my shoulder? 1 Job is speaking as if he would literally **bear** his opponent’s written legal argument against him on his **shoulder**. He means that he would have no reason to be ashamed of any of the accusations, knowing that they would be proven false and his honor would be vindicated. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “I would wear it as a badge of honor!”
31:36 j980 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I would bind it to me {as} crowns 1 Job is using the plural form **crowns** to refer to a crown of superlative quality. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “I would wear it on my head as a splendid crown” or “I would wrap it around my head as a splendid garland”
31:37 l5p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my steps 1 Job is speaking of his actions as if they were **steps** along a path that he had been walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my actions”
31:37 mvd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a noble 1 The point of this comparison is that just as a **noble** does things confidently and with self-assurance because of his position, so Job would **approach** Shaddai confidently, knowing that he was innocent. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “confidently”
31:38 r91t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification If my soil cries out against me and its furrows weep together 1 Job is speaking of the **soil** on his land and its **furrows** as if they were living things that could cry out for justice and **weep** because of oppression. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly, in light of what Job says in the next verse. Alternate translation: “If I have committed a sin in the way that I have used my land”
31:39 j981 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy without silver 1 Job is using the term **silver** by association to mean money, since silver was used as money in this culture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “without paying for it”
31:39 vfe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism or caused the breath of its masters to expire 1 This could mean: (1) that as a poetic way of referring to death, Job is speaking of how someone might **expire** or breathe out **breath**. He would mean implicitly that he had not even left the people who were farming his land enough crops to live on. Alternate translation: “or caused its masters to die of starvation” (2) that Job had grieved the people who were farming his land by oppressing them, though he had not actually caused them to die. The word translated **breath** can also mean “soul,” and the word translated **expire** could mean “sigh.” In that case Job would be using the souls of these farmers to mean the farmers themselves. Alternate translation: “or caused the souls of its masters to sigh” or “or caused its masters to sigh from oppression”
31:39 j982 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom its masters 1 In this context, the term **masters** describes people who are farming the land, not people who own it. It could refer to people who tenants of land that Job owned. In that case, they would likely be sharecropping, that is, growing crops on Job’s land in exchange for giving him a share of the crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “its tenants” or “its sharecroppers” or “the people who were farming it”
31:40 k93z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis may a thorn grow instead of wheat and a weed instead of barley 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “may a thorn grow instead of wheat, and may a weed grow instead of barley”
31:40 j983 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun may a thorn grow instead of wheat and a weed instead of barley 1 Job is not referring to a specific **thorn** or to a specific **weed**. He means thorns and weeds in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “may thorns grow instead of wheat, and may weeds grow instead of barley”
31:40 j984 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The words of Job have ended 1 The narrator is using the term **words** to mean what Job has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This is the end of what Job said”
31:15 jl2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲֽ֝⁠לֹא־בַ֭⁠בֶּטֶן עֹשֵׂ֣⁠נִי עָשָׂ֑⁠הוּ וַ֝⁠יְכֻנֶ֗⁠נּוּ בָּ⁠רֶ֥חֶם אֶחָֽד 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “After all, the one who made me in the belly also made him. Indeed, the same person fashioned us both in the womb.”
31:15 j960 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations עָשָׂ֑⁠הוּ 1 Although the pronoun **him** is masculine, Job is using the word in a generic sense that refers both to the “male servant” and “female servant” whom he describes in verse 13. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use an expression in your language that would indicate this. Alternate translation: “Did … make my male servant and my female servant” or “Did … make them”
31:15 j961 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive וַ֝⁠יְכֻנֶ֗⁠נּוּ & אֶחָֽד 1 By **us**, Job means himself and his servants but not the friends to whom he is speaking, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
31:16 yzr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מֵ⁠חֵ֣פֶץ דַּלִּ֑ים 1 Job is using this possessive form to describe something that the **poor** would **desire**. The sense is that they would desire this because they needed it. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “something that the poor desired” or “something that the poor needed”
31:16 j962 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj דַּלִּ֑ים 1 Job is using the adjective **poor** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “poor people”
31:16 e9r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠עֵינֵ֖י אַלְמָנָ֣ה אֲכַלֶּֽה 1 Job is using one part of this **widow**, her **eyes**, to mean all of her in the act of looking for help, that is, expecting and awaiting help. If her eyes were to **fail**, that would mean that she had given up hope of receiving the help she needed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or if I have neglected to help a widow for so long that she gave up hope of receiving help”
31:16 j963 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אַלְמָנָ֣ה 1 Job is not referring to a specific **widow**. He means any widow who might have needed help. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using an indefinite article. Alternate translation: “a widow”
31:17 gs2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj יָת֣וֹם 1 Job is using the adjective **fatherless** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “the fatherless person” or “the orphan”
31:17 j964 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun יָת֣וֹם 1 Job is not referring to a specific **fatherless** person. He means any orphan who might have needed food. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “any orphan who might have needed food”
31:18 ibm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּ֣י 1 Job is using the word **for** to introduce the reason why he does not even need to specify a consequence in this case if he has committed the sins he has just described. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “but I do not even need to say what God should do to me if I have done those things, because”
31:18 z518 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole מִ֭⁠נְּעוּרַ⁠י & וּ⁠מִ⁠בֶּ֖טֶן אִמִּ֣⁠י 1 Job says **from my youth** and **from the belly of my mother** as overstatements for emphasis. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “throughout my life … and continually”
31:18 xz2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns גְּדֵלַ֣⁠נִי & אַנְחֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 The pronoun **he** refers to the representative orphan whom Job described in the verse 17, and the pronoun **her** refers to the representative widow he described in verse 16. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the orphan has grown up with me … I have guided the widow”
31:19 j965 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj לָ⁠אֶבְיֽוֹן 1 Job is using the adjective **needy** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “for a needy person”
31:19 j966 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לָ⁠אֶבְיֽוֹן 1 Job is not referring to a specific **needy** person. He means any person who might have needed a **covering**, probably meaning an outer garment that would also have served as a blanket. You could indicate in your translation whom Job means if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “for any person who needed one”
31:20 j967 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אִם־לֹ֣א בֵרֲכ֣וּ⁠נִי חֲלָצָ֑יו וּ⁠מִ⁠גֵּ֥ז כְּ֝בָשַׂ⁠י יִתְחַמָּֽם 1 Since this representative needy person may have first **warmed himself** with a garment that Job provided and then **blessed** Job for this practical help, it may be more natural to reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “if he has not warmed himself from the wool of my sheep and blessed me for my kindness”
31:20 ut9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אִם־לֹ֣א בֵרֲכ֣וּ⁠נִי חֲלָצָ֑יו 1 Job is using one part of this representative needy person, his **loins**, to mean all of him in the act of blessing Job. Job probably chooses the waist area to symbolize this person because that is the area that a person who needed clothing would cover first. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if he has not blessed me”
31:20 r66u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ⁠מִ⁠גֵּ֥ז כְּ֝בָשַׂ⁠י 1 Job is using this phrase by association to mean a garment that someone in his household would have woven from **wool** that his **sheep** had produced. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and … with a warm woolen garment that I provided”
31:21 mf7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction אִם־הֲנִיפ֣וֹתִי עַל־יָת֣וֹם יָדִ֑⁠י 1 Shaking the **hand**, probably formed into a fist, **against** someone would be a symbolic action that threatened harm if the person did not acquiesce to one’s wishes. In this context, it would be a gesture that threatened severe consequences if an opponent in court did not agree to settle a case on favorable terms. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “if I have tried to intimidate the fatherless into settling a case in my favor”
31:21 w7s9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶרְאֶ֥ה בַ֝⁠שַּׁ֗עַר עֶזְרָתִֽ⁠י 1 Job is using the term **gate** by association to mean the community court, which would hold its sessions in the public square near the city gate. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I saw that there were people in court who would take my side”
31:22 sqk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ֝⁠אֶזְרֹעִ֗⁠י מִ⁠קָּנָ֥⁠ה תִשָּׁבֵֽר 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “yes, may my arm break off from its socket”
31:23 ss4j rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּ֤י 1 Job is using the word **For** to reassert the reason why he did not commit any of the crimes he has been describing. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “No, I did not do any of those things, because”
31:23 j968 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵ֣יד אֵ֑ל 1 Job is using this possessive form to describe the **destruction** of a wicked person by **God**, not the destruction of God by anything. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the knowledge that God destroys wicked people”
31:23 j969 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝⁠מִ⁠שְּׂאֵת֗⁠וֹ לֹ֣א אוּכָֽל 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Job is referring to neglecting the poor and intimidating the fatherless, as he described in verses 19–21. Alternate translation: “and because of his majesty, I was not able to do any of those things” or “and because of his majesty, I could not have done any of those things”
31:24 j970 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ֝⁠לַ⁠כֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽ⁠י 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and I have told fine gold that it was my confidence”
31:24 s4sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe וְ֝⁠לַ⁠כֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽ⁠י 1 If Job had spoken to **fine gold** in this way, he would have been speaking to something that he knew could not hear him in order to show in a strong way how he felt about it. If a speaker in your language would not do that, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I have said that fine gold was my confidence”
31:24 r6lg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝⁠לַ⁠כֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽ⁠י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **confidence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and I have said that I was confiding in fine gold”
31:25 sk1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas וְ⁠כִֽי־כַ֝בִּ֗יר מָצְאָ֥ה יָדִֽ⁠י 1 This is the conclusion of an oath that Job is swearing. In this culture, people would often swear an oath by stating the first part of a condition but not the second part. As the General Notes to this chapter explain, in most instances Job does state the second part of conditions in the oaths that he swears in that chapter. But in this instance, he does not. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explicitly state the implied second part of this condition. You could use the same language that Job uses in verses 11 and 28, or you could use plain language. Alternate translation: “and because my hand had acquired much, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “and because my hand had acquired much, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:25 bt3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כַ֝בִּ֗יר מָצְאָ֥ה יָדִֽ⁠י 1 Job is using one part of himself, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of acquiring wealth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I had acquired much”
31:25 j971 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj כַ֝בִּ֗יר 1 Job is using the adjective **much** as a noun to mean wealth in quantity. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a fortune”
31:26 j972 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy א֖וֹר 1 Job is using the term **light** by association to mean the sun. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the sun”
31:26 m93p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠יָרֵ֗חַ & הֹלֵֽךְ 1 Job is speaking as if the **moon** were literally **walking** across the sky. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or the moon moving across the sky”
31:27 qcf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּ֣פְתְּ & לִבִּ֑⁠י 1 See how you translated the similar expression about the “heart” being “opened” in [31:9](../31/09.md). Alternate translation: “and I was attracted to the sun or the moon”
31:27 wm2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וַ⁠תִּשַּׁ֖ק יָדִ֣⁠י לְ⁠פִֽ⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if his **hand** were a living thing that could have **kissed** his **mouth**. He means that if he had wanted to offer worship to the sun or the moon, following the customs of this culture, he would have touched his hand to his mouth in a kiss and then waved the kiss up to the sun or the moon. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “and I had blown a kiss to the sun or the moon” or “and I had worshiped the sun or the moon”
31:28 pwl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession גַּם־ה֭וּא עָוֺ֣ן פְּלִילִ֑י 1 See how you translated the expression **iniquity of judges** in [31:11](../31/11.md). Alternate translation: “judges would certainly also punish such iniquity”
31:29 b1im rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֝⁠הִתְעֹרַ֗רְתִּי 1 This expression means to consider oneself in a better position than another who has suffered a misfortune. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or gloated”
31:29 p1nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification כִּֽי־מְצָ֥א⁠וֹ רָֽע 1 Job is speaking of **evil** as if it were a living thing that could have **found** someone who hated him. Here the word **evil** has the sense of “misfortune” rather than of moral wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because he suffered misfortune”
31:29 hvt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas כִּֽי־מְצָ֥א⁠וֹ רָֽע 1 This is the conclusion of an oath that Job is swearing in this verse. See what you did in [31:25](../31/25.md), where Job similarly does not state the second part of the condition in an oath that he is swearing. Alternate translation: “because evil found him, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “because evil found him, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:30 w93c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠לֹא־נָתַ֣תִּי לַ⁠חֲטֹ֣א חִכִּ֑⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if his **palate** or mouth were a living thing that he could have caused to **sin**. He means that he himself could have sinned in something that he said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For I have not said something sinful”
31:31 j973 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas אִם־לֹ֣א אָ֭מְרוּ מְתֵ֣י אָהֳלִ֑⁠י מִֽי־יִתֵּ֥ן מִ֝⁠בְּשָׂר֗⁠וֹ לֹ֣א נִשְׂבָּֽע 1 As in [31:25](../31/25.md) and [31:29](../31/29.md), here Job does not state the second part of the condition in an oath that he is swearing. See what you did in those verses. Alternate translation: “If the men of my tent have not said, ‘Who will give one who has not been satisfied from his flesh?’ then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “If the men of my tent have not said, ‘Who will give one {who} has not been satisfied from his flesh?’ then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:31 j974 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אִם־לֹ֣א אָ֭מְרוּ מְתֵ֣י אָהֳלִ֑⁠י מִֽי־יִתֵּ֥ן מִ֝⁠בְּשָׂר֗⁠וֹ לֹ֣א נִשְׂבָּֽע 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “If the men of my tent have not asked who could show one who has not been satisfied from my flesh!”
31:31 ng3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מְתֵ֣י אָהֳלִ֑⁠י 1 Job is using the term **tent** by association to mean his household. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the men of my household”
31:31 j975 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations מְתֵ֣י אָהֳלִ֑⁠י 1 Although Job refers to his male and female servants separately in [31:13](../31/13.md), Job is likely using the masculine term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “the men and women of my household” or “my servants”
31:31 hwl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִֽי־יִתֵּ֥ן מִ֝⁠בְּשָׂר֗⁠וֹ לֹ֣א נִשְׂבָּֽע 1 Job’s servants would be using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. (In this context, unlike elsewhere in the book, the expression **Who will give** does not express a wish. The servants are not saying, “We wish there was one who has not been satisfied.”) Alternate translation: “No one can show anyone who has not been satisfied from his flesh!” or, positively, “Everyone has been satisfied from his flesh!”
31:31 j976 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֣א נִשְׂבָּֽע 1 As the next verse shows, Job’s servants would be speaking implicitly of hungry people. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a hungry person who has not been satisfied”
31:31 j977 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ֝⁠בְּשָׂר֗⁠וֹ 1 Job’s servants would be using the term **flesh** by association to mean meat and, by further association, food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from his food”
31:32 p6kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives בַּ֭⁠חוּץ לֹא־יָלִ֣ין גֵּ֑ר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative phrase **stayed overnight in the outdoors**. Alternate translation: “I have allowed the sojourner to stay in my home”
31:32 uns3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לֹא־יָלִ֣ין גֵּ֑ר & לָ⁠אֹ֥רַח 1 Job is not referring to a specific **sojourner** or to a specific **traveler**. He means sojourners and travelers in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “Sojourners have not stayed overnight … to travelers”
31:32 h895 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche דְּ֝לָתַ֗⁠י לָ⁠אֹ֥רַח אֶפְתָּֽח 1 Job is using one thing he would do to provide hospitality, open his **doors**, to mean the entire act of providing hospitality. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have provided hospitality to travelers”
31:33 jav4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations כְ⁠אָדָ֣ם 1 The word translated **man** could mean: (1) even though it is masculine, humanity in general, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “as people do” (2) Adam, the first man whom God created and who tried to hide from God when he realized that he had sinned. (However, many interpreters question whether Job would have been familiar with the book of Genesis.) Alternate translation: “like Adam”
31:33 sb1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כִּסִּ֣יתִי & פְּשָׁעָ֑⁠י לִ⁠טְמ֖וֹן בְּ⁠חֻבִּ֣⁠י עֲוֺֽנִ⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if **guilt** were an object that he could **hide** in his chest. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “I have concealed the guilt of my sins by keeping it inside” or “I have concealed my sins by not telling anyone about what I was guilty of doing”
31:34 b8ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֹא־אֵ֥צֵא פָֽתַח 1 Job is using thing he would do to confess his sins publicly, **go out the door**, to mean the entire act of making a public confession. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I did not confess my sin publicly”
31:34 ia4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas לֹא־אֵ֥צֵא פָֽתַח 1 This is the conclusion of an oath that Job is swearing in this verse. See what you did in [31:25](../31/25.md), where Job similarly does not state the second part of the condition in an oath that he is swearing. Alternate translation: “I did not go out the door, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “I did not go out the door, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:35 i9lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ֤י יִתֶּן־לִ֨⁠י ׀ שֹׁ֘מֵ֤עַֽ לִ֗⁠י 1 See how you translated the expression **Who will give** in [11:5–6](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “I wish that I had someone who was hearing me!”
31:35 v1vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שֹׁ֘מֵ֤עַֽ לִ֗⁠י 1 By **one hearing me**, Job implicitly means someone impartial “hearing” his case in the judicial sense and judging it. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “someone impartial who will judge between me and God”
31:35 vmt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֶן־תָּ֭וִ⁠י 1 It appears that in this culture, both parties in a legal proceeding would submit their arguments to the court in writing and that they would sign them with their names or with a **mark** to authenticate them. Job is speaking as if he is putting his mark on a written record of his testimony in order to declare that everything he has just said is true. (It seems unlikely that he has actually put all of his testimony in writing, since this is not an actual court proceeding and God would not be submitting a corresponding written document.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I certify that I have been telling the truth”
31:35 u84z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠סֵ֥פֶר כָּ֝תַ֗ב אִ֣ישׁ רִיבִֽ⁠י 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And who will give to me the scroll that the man of my case has written?” or “And I wish that I had the scroll that the man of my case has written!”
31:35 qku3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִ֣ישׁ רִיבִֽ⁠י 1 This expression refers to an opponent in a legal proceeding. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my opponent”
31:36 j978 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִם־לֹ֣א עַל־שִׁ֭כְמִ⁠י אֶשָּׂאֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Job is using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “I would bear it on my shoulder, would I not?”
31:36 j979 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִם־לֹ֣א עַל־שִׁ֭כְמִ⁠י אֶשָּׂאֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I would certainly bear it on my shoulder!”
31:36 gw5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אִם־לֹ֣א עַל־שִׁ֭כְמִ⁠י אֶשָּׂאֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Job is speaking as if he would literally **bear** his opponent’s written legal argument against him on his **shoulder**. He means that he would have no reason to be ashamed of any of the accusations, knowing that they would be proven false and his honor would be vindicated. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “I would wear it as a badge of honor!”
31:36 j980 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶֽעֶנְדֶ֖⁠נּוּ עֲטָר֣וֹת לִֽ⁠י 1 Job is using the plural form **crowns** to refer to a crown of superlative quality. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “I would wear it on my head as a splendid crown” or “I would wrap it around my head as a splendid garland”
31:37 l5p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor צְ֭עָדַ⁠י 1 Job is speaking of his actions as if they were **steps** along a path that he had been walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my actions”
31:37 mvd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּמוֹ־נָ֝גִ֗יד 1 The point of this comparison is that just as a **noble** does things confidently and with self-assurance because of his position, so Job would **approach** Shaddai confidently, knowing that he was innocent. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “confidently”
31:38 r91t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אִם־עָ֭לַ⁠י אַדְמָתִ֣⁠י תִזְעָ֑ק וְ֝⁠יַ֗חַד תְּלָמֶ֥י⁠הָ יִבְכָּיֽוּ⁠ן 1 Job is speaking of the **soil** on his land and its **furrows** as if they were living things that could cry out for justice and **weep** because of oppression. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly, in light of what Job says in the next verse. Alternate translation: “If I have committed a sin in the way that I have used my land”
31:39 j981 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְלִי־כָ֑סֶף 1 Job is using the term **silver** by association to mean money, since silver was used as money in this culture. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “without paying for it”
31:39 vfe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְ⁠נֶ֖פֶשׁ בְּעָלֶ֣י⁠הָ הִפָּֽחְתִּי 1 This could mean: (1) that as a poetic way of referring to death, Job is speaking of how someone might **expire** or breathe out **breath**. He would mean implicitly that he had not even left the people who were farming his land enough crops to live on. Alternate translation: “or caused its masters to die of starvation” (2) that Job had grieved the people who were farming his land by oppressing them, though he had not actually caused them to die. The word translated **breath** can also mean “soul,” and the word translated **expire** could mean “sigh.” In that case Job would be using the souls of these farmers to mean the farmers themselves. Alternate translation: “or caused the souls of its masters to sigh” or “or caused its masters to sigh from oppression”
31:39 j982 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּעָלֶ֣י⁠הָ 1 In this context, the term **masters** describes people who are farming the land, not people who own it. It could refer to people who tenants of land that Job owned. In that case, they would likely be sharecropping, that is, growing crops on Job’s land in exchange for giving him a share of the crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “its tenants” or “its sharecroppers” or “the people who were farming it”
31:40 k93z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis תַּ֤חַת חִטָּ֨ה ׀ יֵ֥צֵא ח֗וֹחַ וְ⁠תַֽחַת־שְׂעֹרָ֥ה בָאְשָׁ֑ה 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “may a thorn grow instead of wheat, and may a weed grow instead of barley”
31:40 j983 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun תַּ֤חַת חִטָּ֨ה ׀ יֵ֥צֵא ח֗וֹחַ וְ⁠תַֽחַת־שְׂעֹרָ֥ה בָאְשָׁ֑ה 1 Job is not referring to a specific **thorn** or to a specific **weed**. He means thorns and weeds in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “may thorns grow instead of wheat, and may weeds grow instead of barley”
31:40 j984 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy תַּ֝֗מּוּ דִּבְרֵ֥י אִיּֽוֹב 1 The narrator is using the term **words** to mean what Job has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “This is the end of what Job said”
32:intro pq4v 0 # Job 32 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter introduces a younger man named Elihu, who has been listening to the conversation between Job and his three friends. Elihu explains that he waited for the friends to speak first, out of respect for their age. But since they have not been able to answer Job effectively, he would now like to speak himself. Elihu continues to speak through chapter 37.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines 32:6–22 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because those verses are poetry.\n\n## Translation Issues in this Chapter\n\n### reference of “you” and “your”\n\nIn verses 6 and 11–14, Elihu says “you” and “your” in order to refer to Job’s three friends, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.\n\n### “words” meaning speaking or what a person says\n\nSeveral times in verses 11–18, Elihu uses the term “words” to mean speaking or what a person says by using words. The narrator also uses the term in that sense in verse 4. Notes suggest ways to translate the term “words” in these various individual contexts.
32:1 j985 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the three of these men 1 By **the three of these men**, the narrator implicitly means Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar”
32:1 k2f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in his eyes 1 The narrator is using the term **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents attention, perspective, and judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in his own perspective”
32:2 cr7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the nose burned of Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram. His nose burned against Job because 1 See how you translated the word **nose** in [9:5](../09/05.md). The narrator is speaking as if Elihu’s **nose** or anger could literally have **burned**. He means that Elihu became very angry. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry. He became very angry against Job because”
32:2 j986 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the clan of Ram 1 The author is introducing **Elihu** as a new participant in the story by naming his father, his people group, and his clan. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you can use it here in your translation. You may wish to indicate in your translation, as the UST does, that Elihu had been listening as Job spoke with his three friends.
32:2 hxc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elihu & Barakel & Buzite & Ram 1 The words **Elihu**, **Barakel**, and **Ram** are the names of men. **Buzite** is the name of the people group to which Elihu belonged. The term identifies him as one of the descendants of a man named Buz.
32:3 p4aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his nose burned 1 See how you translated the similar expression in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “he became very angry”
32:3 j987 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism but they had declared Job wrong 1 A marginal notation in traditional manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible indicates that scribes changed this reading from “they had declared God wrong” to **they had declared Job wrong**. The scribes made this change in order to avoid the uncomfortable suggestion that God could be declared wrong. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT. Alternate translation: “and so they had made it appear as if God were wrong”
32:4 j988 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result Now Elihu had awaited Job with words, because they {were} older in days than he {was}. 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Now Job’s friends were much older than Elihu, so he had waited until they had finished speaking to Job before he spoke himself”
32:4 w92d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Now Elihu had awaited Job with words, because 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the narrator is using the term **words** to mean what Elihu wanted to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Now Elihu had waited to speak to Job because”
32:4 j989 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom were older in days 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [30:1](../30/01.md). Alternate translation: “were older in age”
32:5 mm6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor there was no answer in the mouths of the three of the men 1 The narrator is speaking as if an **answer** were an object that could have been in the **mouths** of Job’s friends. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Job’s three friends could say nothing further to answer him”
32:6 j990 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys answered and said 1 As the General Introduction to Job discusses, this phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **answered** tells for what purpose a person **said** something. Specifically, the person said it in order to answer or respond to what someone else said. See how you have been translating this expression. Alternate translation: “responded”
32:6 j991 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in days 1 Elihu is using the term **days** to refer to his age. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in age”
32:6 jj95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular you 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **you** is plural here because Elihu is addressing Job’s three friends, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
32:7 j992 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes I said, ‘Let days speak, and let a multitude of years teach wisdom’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “I told myself that days should speak and that a multitude of years should teach wisdom”
32:7 z9d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Let days speak, and let a multitude of years teach wisdom 1 Elihu is speaking of **days** and **years** as if they were living things that could **speak** and **teach wisdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. He means that people who have lived for many days and years should do those things. Alternate translation: “Let people who have lived for many days speak; yes, let those who have lived for a multitude of years teach wisdom”
32:7 j993 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns wisdom 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is wise”
32:8 j994 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a spirit, it {is} in man 1 Elihu means implicitly that God created humans with a **spirit** as well as a body. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “man has a spirit, not just a body”
32:8 le8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations in man 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Elihu is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “in humans”
32:8 tg64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and the breath of Shaddai gives them understanding 1 Elihu means implicitly that because Shaddai breathed life into humans, divinely bestowing on them the gift of life (the Bible presents this concept in [Genesis 2:7](../02/07.md)), humans have **understanding**, not just instinct as animals do. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and it is because Shaddai has breathed life into them that they have understanding”
32:9 j995 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The great are not wise, and the aged do {not} understand justice 1 Elihu means implicitly that it is not the **great** or the **aged** alone who are wise and understand justice. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “It is not only the great who are wise, and it is not the aged alone who understand justice”
32:9 j996 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj The great & and the aged 1 Elihu is using the adjectives **great** and **aged** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “Great people … and aged people”
32:9 j997 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns justice 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is just”
32:10 j998 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Therefore I say, ‘Listen to me; I also will declare my knowledge.’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Therefore I ask you to listen to me so that I also can declare my knowledge”
32:10 c94u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns my knowledge 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **knowledge**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what I know”
32:11 vq5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for your words & words 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job’s friends said and tried to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for you to speak … something to say”
32:12 cem5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his words 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what he said” or “his arguments”
32:13 ys9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes lest you say, ‘We have found wisdom!’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “So do not say that you have found wisdom”
32:13 pwq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations not man 1 Elihu is using the masculine term **man** in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “not a mere human being”
32:14 q8fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he has not arrayed words against me 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job and his friends have been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Job has said nothing to provoke me, so I can speak reasonably to him, unlike you”
32:15 j999 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-aside They are dismayed; they do not answer any longer; words have gone from them 1 Elihu has been speaking directly to Job’s friends in the second person, but in this verse he starts speaking about them in the third person. This could mean: (1) that Elihu is now speaking to himself, but out loud, about the people to whom he had been speaking. He would be doing that to indicate in a strong way how he feels about those people. Alternate translation: “I am indignant that Job’s friends are dismayed and are no longer answering him and have nothing further to say to him” (2) that Elihu is now speaking about Job’s friends to others who are present. (It is unlikely that Elihu is turning to address Job himself here; Elihu begins addressing Job directly by name in [33:1](../33/01.md).) Alternate translation: “Look, all the rest of you, at how Job’s friends are dismayed and are no longer answering him and have nothing further to say to him!” Since Job’s friends can hear what Elihu is saying, and since he is saying it partly for their benefit, you could also continue to use the second person in your translation, as the UST does.
32:15 gi7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification words have gone from them 1 Elihu is speaking of **words** as if they were living things that could have **gone** away from Job’s friends. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they have nothing further to say”
32:16 k7n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Shall I wait 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I shall not wait …!”
32:16 k000 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative Shall I wait 1 Elihu is using a future statement to give himself an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Should I wait …?” or, as an exclamation, “I should not wait …!”
32:16 k001 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys they stand, they answer no more 1 Elihu is expressing a single idea by using the two verbs **stand** and **answer**. In this context, the word **stand** means to stop doing something. He does not mean that Job’s friends have stood to their feet. Alternate translation: “they have ceased to answer any more”
32:17 ii5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns knowledge 1 See how you translated the similar expression in verse 10. Alternate translation: “what I know”
32:18 j46i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I am full of words 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he wants to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am full of things to say”
32:18 k002 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am full of words 1 Elihu is speaking of himself as if he were a container that was **full** of **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have very many things to say”
32:18 k003 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche in my belly 1 Elihu is using one part of himself, his **belly**, to mean all of him in the act of being compelled. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “within me”
32:18 t9et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the spirit 1 By **spirit**, Elihu could mean God’s Spirit, as he described in verse 8 and implied in verse 13. If this is the meaning, your language may have some convention, such as capitalization, for distinguishing God’s Spirit from the spirit of a person. Alternate translation: “the Spirit”
32:19 l5s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy is like wine 1 Elihu is using the term **wine** by association to mean a wine container. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is like a wine container”
32:19 a7cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor like new wineskins, it is bursting open 1 Elihu is speaking as if his **belly** were literally **bursting open** the way **new wineskins** do if they are not able to stretch enough to accommodate the gases that form as the wine inside them ferments. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I feel as if I can barely contain all the things I want to say, as if I were a new wineskin that could hardly stretch enough to contain all the gases that were forming as the wine inside it fermented”
32:20 m29y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and refresh myself 1 The idea of being able to breathe freely once again is implicit in the word translated **refresh**. Your language may have an equivalent expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “so that I can breathe a sign of relief”
32:20 w6zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I will open my lips 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “I will talk”
32:21 k004 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations a man & a man 1 In both instances, the masculine term **man** has a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “anyone … anyone”
32:21 k005 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom let me not lift the face of a man 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:8](../13/08.md). Alternate translation: “let me not show favoritism to anyone”
32:21 mi73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche and let me not give a title to a man 1 Elihu may be using one thing that he might do to flatter someone, address him by an honorary **title**, to mean all the ways in which he might flatter someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and let me not flatter anyone”
32:22 nb65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I do not know giving titles 1 This could mean: (1) that Elihu is using the word **know** in the sense of being acquainted with something. He may mean that this is not his custom. Alternate translation: “it is not my custom to address people by honorary titles” (2) that Elihu is saying that he is not skilled at **giving titles**. Alternate translation: “I am not very good at giving titles” or “I am not very good at flattery”
32:22 i4r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism my Maker would soon take me away 1 When Elihu says that his **Maker** (God) would **take** him **away** if he flattered people, he is referring to death in a poetic way. He means that God would punish him by killing him. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “my Maker would do away with me”
32:1 j985 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָ֭⁠אֵלֶּה 1 By **the three of these men**, the narrator implicitly means Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar”
32:1 k2f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠עֵינָֽי⁠ו 1 The narrator is using the term **eyes** by association to mean sight. Sight, in turn, represents attention, perspective, and judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in his own perspective”
32:2 cr7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠יִּ֤חַר אַ֨ף ׀ אֱלִיה֣וּא בֶן־בַּרַכְאֵ֣ל הַ⁠בּוּזִי֮ מִ⁠מִּשְׁפַּ֪חַ֫ת רָ֥ם בְּ֭⁠אִיּוֹב חָרָ֣ה אַפּ֑⁠וֹ עַֽל־צַדְּק֥⁠וֹ נַ֝פְשׁ֗⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the word **nose** in [9:5](../09/05.md). The narrator is speaking as if Elihu’s **nose** or anger could literally have **burned**. He means that Elihu became very angry. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry. He became very angry against Job because he declared himself righteous”
32:2 j986 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants אֱלִיה֣וּא בֶן־בַּרַכְאֵ֣ל הַ⁠בּוּזִי֮ מִ⁠מִּשְׁפַּ֪חַ֫ת רָ֥ם 1 The author is introducing **Elihu** as a new participant in the story by naming his father, his people group, and his clan. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you can use it here in your translation. You may wish to indicate in your translation, as the UST does, that Elihu had been listening as Job spoke with his three friends.
32:2 hxc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֱלִיה֣וּא & בַּרַכְאֵ֣ל & הַ⁠בּוּזִי֮ & רָ֥ם 1 The words **Elihu**, **Barakel**, and **Ram** are the names of men. **Buzite** is the name of the people group to which Elihu belonged. The term identifies him as one of the descendants of a man named Buz.
32:3 p4aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor חָרָ֪ה אַ֫פּ֥⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “he became very angry”
32:3 j987 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וַ֝⁠יַּרְשִׁ֗יעוּ אֶת־אִיּֽוֹב 1 A marginal notation in traditional manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible indicates that scribes changed this reading from “they had declared God wrong” to **they had declared Job wrong**. The scribes made this change in order to avoid the uncomfortable suggestion that God could be declared wrong. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of ULT. Alternate translation: “and so they had made it appear as if God were wrong”
32:4 j988 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וֶֽ⁠אֱלִיה֗וּ חִכָּ֣ה אֶת־אִ֭יּוֹב בִּ⁠דְבָרִ֑ים כִּ֤י זְֽקֵנִים־הֵ֖מָּה מִמֶּ֣⁠נּוּ לְ⁠יָמִֽים 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Now Job’s friends were much older than Elihu, so he had waited until they had finished speaking to Job before he spoke himself”
32:4 w92d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וֶֽ⁠אֱלִיה֗וּ חִכָּ֣ה אֶת־אִ֭יּוֹב בִּ⁠דְבָרִ֑ים כִּ֤י 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the narrator is using the term **words** to mean what Elihu wanted to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Now Elihu had waited to speak to Job because”
32:4 j989 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom זְֽקֵנִים־הֵ֖מָּה & לְ⁠יָמִֽים 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [30:1](../30/01.md). Alternate translation: “they were older in age”
32:5 mm6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֵ֤ין מַעֲנֶ֗ה בְּ֭⁠פִי שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת הָ⁠אֲנָשִׁ֗ים 1 The narrator is speaking as if an **answer** were an object that could have been in the **mouths** of Job’s friends. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Job’s three friends could say nothing further to answer him”
32:6 j990 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys וַ⁠יַּ֤עַן & וַ⁠יֹּ֫אמַ֥ר 1 As the General Introduction to Job discusses, this phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **answered** tells for what purpose a person **said** something. Specifically, the person said it in order to answer or respond to what someone else said. See how you have been translating this expression. Alternate translation: “And … responded”
32:6 j991 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְ֭⁠יָמִים 1 Elihu is using the term **days** to refer to his age. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in age”
32:6 jj95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וְ⁠אַתֶּ֣ם 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **you** is plural here because Elihu is addressing Job’s three friends, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
32:7 j992 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אָ֭מַרְתִּי יָמִ֣ים יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ וְ⁠רֹ֥ב שָׁ֝נִ֗ים יֹדִ֥יעוּ חָכְמָֽה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “I told myself that days should speak and that a multitude of years should teach wisdom”
32:7 z9d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יָמִ֣ים יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ וְ⁠רֹ֥ב שָׁ֝נִ֗ים יֹדִ֥יעוּ חָכְמָֽה 1 Elihu is speaking of **days** and **years** as if they were living things that could **speak** and **teach wisdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. He means that people who have lived for many days and years should do those things. Alternate translation: “Let people who have lived for many days speak; yes, let those who have lived for a multitude of years teach wisdom”
32:7 j993 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is wise”
32:8 j994 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רֽוּחַ־הִ֣יא בֶ⁠אֱנ֑וֹשׁ 1 Elihu means implicitly that God created humans with a **spirit** as well as a body. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “man has a spirit, not just a body”
32:8 le8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בֶ⁠אֱנ֑וֹשׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Elihu is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “in humans”
32:8 tg64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠נִשְׁמַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י תְּבִינֵֽ⁠ם 1 Elihu means implicitly that because Shaddai breathed life into humans, divinely bestowing on them the gift of life (the Bible presents this concept in [Genesis 2:7](../02/07.md)), humans have **understanding**, not just instinct as animals do. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and it is because Shaddai has breathed life into them that they have understanding”
32:9 j995 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹֽא־רַבִּ֥ים יֶחְכָּ֑מוּ וּ֝⁠זְקֵנִ֗ים יָבִ֥ינוּ מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 Elihu means implicitly that it is not the **great** or the **aged** alone who are wise and understand justice. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “It is not only the great who are wise, and it is not the aged alone who understand justice”
32:9 j996 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רַבִּ֥ים & וּ֝⁠זְקֵנִ֗ים 1 Elihu is using the adjectives **great** and **aged** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “Great people … and aged people”
32:9 j997 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִשְׁפָּֽט 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is just”
32:10 j998 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לָ⁠כֵ֣ן אָ֭מַרְתִּי שִׁמְעָ⁠ה־לִּ֑⁠י אֲחַוֶּ֖ה דֵּעִ֣⁠י אַף־אָֽנִי 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Therefore I ask you to listen to me so that I also can declare my knowledge”
32:10 c94u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דֵּעִ֣⁠י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **knowledge**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what I know”
32:11 vq5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְֽ⁠דִבְרֵי⁠כֶ֗ם & מִלִּֽין 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job’s friends said and tried to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for you to speak … for something to say”
32:12 cem5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֲמָרָ֣י⁠ו 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what he said” or “his arguments”
32:13 ys9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes פֶּן־תֹּ֣֭אמְרוּ מָצָ֣אנוּ חָכְמָ֑ה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “So do not say that you have found wisdom”
32:13 pwq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations לֹא־אִֽישׁ 1 Elihu is using the masculine term **man** in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “not a mere human being”
32:14 q8fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠לֹא־עָרַ֣ךְ אֵלַ֣⁠י מִלִּ֑ין 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job and his friends have been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Now Job has said nothing to provoke me, so I can speak reasonably to him, unlike you”
32:15 j999 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-aside חַ֭תּוּ לֹא־עָ֣נוּ ע֑וֹד הֶעְתִּ֖יקוּ מֵ⁠הֶ֣ם מִלִּֽים 1 Elihu has been speaking directly to Job’s friends in the second person, but in this verse he starts speaking about them in the third person. This could mean: (1) that Elihu is now speaking to himself, but out loud, about the people to whom he had been speaking. He would be doing that to indicate in a strong way how he feels about those people. Alternate translation: “I am indignant that Job’s friends are dismayed and are no longer answering him and have nothing further to say to him” (2) that Elihu is now speaking about Job’s friends to others who are present. (It is unlikely that Elihu is turning to address Job himself here; Elihu begins addressing Job directly by name in [33:1](../33/01.md).) Alternate translation: “Look, all the rest of you, at how Job’s friends are dismayed and are no longer answering him and have nothing further to say to him!” Since Job’s friends can hear what Elihu is saying, and since he is saying it partly for their benefit, you could also continue to use the second person in your translation, as the UST does.
32:15 gi7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הֶעְתִּ֖יקוּ מֵ⁠הֶ֣ם מִלִּֽים 1 Elihu is speaking of **words** as if they were living things that could have **gone** away from Job’s friends. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they have nothing further to say”
32:16 k7n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ֭⁠הוֹחַלְתִּי 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I shall not wait …!”
32:16 k000 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְ֭⁠הוֹחַלְתִּי 1 Elihu is using a future statement to give himself an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Should I wait …?” or, as an exclamation, “I should not wait …!”
32:16 k001 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys עָ֝מְד֗וּ לֹא־עָ֥נוּ עֽוֹד 1 Elihu is expressing a single idea by using the two verbs **stand** and **answer**. In this context, the word **stand** means to stop doing something. He does not mean that Job’s friends have stood to their feet. Alternate translation: “they have ceased to answer any more”
32:17 ii5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns דֵעִ֣⁠י 1 See how you translated the similar expression in verse 10. Alternate translation: “what I know”
32:18 j46i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מָלֵ֣תִי מִלִּ֑ים 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he wants to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am full of things to say”
32:18 k002 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָלֵ֣תִי מִלִּ֑ים 1 Elihu is speaking of himself as if he were a container that was **full** of **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have very many things to say”
32:18 t9et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ר֣וּחַ 1 By **spirit**, Elihu could mean God’s Spirit, as he described in verse 8 and implied in verse 13. If this is the meaning, your language may have some convention, such as capitalization, for distinguishing God’s Spirit from the spirit of a person. Alternate translation: “the Spirit”
32:18 k003 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בִּטְנִֽ⁠י 1 Elihu is using one part of himself, his **belly**, to mean all of him in the act of being compelled. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “within me”
32:19 l5s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כְּ⁠יַ֥יִן 1 Elihu is using the term **wine** by association to mean a wine container. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is like a wine container”
32:19 a7cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כְּ⁠אֹב֥וֹת חֲ֝דָשִׁ֗ים יִבָּקֵֽעַ 1 Elihu is speaking as if his **belly** were literally **bursting open** the way **new wineskins** do if they are not able to stretch enough to accommodate the gases that form as the wine inside them ferments. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I feel as if I can barely contain all the things I want to say, as if I were a new wineskin that could hardly stretch enough to contain all the gases that were forming as the wine inside it fermented”
32:20 m29y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠יִֽרְוַֽח־לִ֑⁠י 1 The idea of being able to breathe freely once again is implicit in the word translated **refresh**. Your language may have an equivalent expression that you can use in your translation. Alternate translation: “so that I can breathe a sign of relief”
32:20 w6zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אֶפְתַּ֖ח שְׂפָתַ֣⁠י 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [11:5](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “I will talk”
32:21 k004 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֑ישׁ & אָ֝דָ֗ם 1 In both instances, the masculine term **man** has a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “anyone … anyone”
32:21 k005 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אַל & אֶשָּׂ֣א פְנֵי־אִ֑ישׁ 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:8](../13/08.md). Alternate translation: “let me not show favoritism to anyone”
32:21 mi73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠אֶל־אָ֝דָ֗ם לֹ֣א אֲכַנֶּֽה 1 Elihu may be using one thing that he might do to flatter someone, address him by an honorary **title**, to mean all the ways in which he might flatter someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and let me not flatter anyone”
32:22 nb65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹ֣א יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֲכַנֶּ֑ה 1 This could mean: (1) that Elihu is using the word **know** in the sense of being acquainted with something. He may mean that this is not his custom. Alternate translation: “it is not my custom to address people by honorary titles” (2) that Elihu is saying that he is not skilled at **giving titles**. Alternate translation: “I am not very good at giving titles” or “I am not very good at flattery”
32:22 i4r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism כִּ֝⁠מְעַ֗ט יִשָּׂאֵ֥⁠נִי עֹשֵֽׂ⁠נִי 1 When Elihu says that his **Maker** (God) would **take** him **away** if he flattered people, he is referring to death in a poetic way. He means that God would punish him by killing him. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “my Maker would do away with me”
33:intro t7rx 0 # Job 33 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of Elihu’s speech. In this chapter, Elihu addresses Job directly. He invites Job to listen to him, summarizes what Job has said, and tells Job that he is wrong that God does not respond to people. Elihu says that God speaks to people in dreams to warn them not to keep sinning. He says that God also uses sickness to correct people. The implications are that Job’s sufferings are a warning from God not to sin; they are not a punishment from God for sins that Job has committed. In that sense, as Elihu says at the end of the chapter, Job has been right and his friends have been wrong about what has been happening to Job.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### ransom\n\nIn verse 24, Elihu describes how God may say of a person who is suffering because of his sin, “I have found a ransom.” The term “ransom” can describe a payment that is made in exchange for someone’s freedom. The term “redeem,” which Elihu uses earlier in that verse, can similarly mean to make a payment in order to have someone set free. However, in this context, the term “ransom” seems to describe instead a valuable consideration, not necessarily a monetary one, that provides the grounds for sparing someone from punishment. Be sure that it is clear in your translation of this verse that God is not saying that he is going to make a payment to someone else on behalf of the suffering person.\n\nA further implication seems to be that the person whom Elihu is describing has repented because of his sufferings after an interpreting angel has explained to him the change needed in his actions. This repentance shows that the person has responded positively to God’s initiatives to get him to stop living in the wrong way and to start living in the right way once again. Be sure that it is also clear in your translation of verse 24 that there is nothing that the person has done to redeem or ransom himself. As Elihu says, God “is gracious to him.” It is God who brings the sickness into the person’s life to “chasten” him, and it is God who sends the angel to warn and admonish the person, and so the person is spared from punishment through the actions of God.\n\n## Translation Issues in this Chapter\n\n### “words” meaning speaking or what a person says\n\nAs in chapter 32, many times in this chapter Elihu uses the term “words” to mean speaking or what a person says by using words. Notes suggest ways to translate the term “words” in these various individual contexts.### reference of “you” and “your”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Elihu uses the pronouns “you” and “your” to address Job individually, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.\n\n### “man” and “men” with generic meaning\n\nIn several places in this chapter, Elihu uses the words “man” and “men” in a generic sense that is inclusive of both men and women. It may be helpful in your translation to say “men and women” or to use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Notes suggest translation possibilities at various places (see: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations).\n\n### “seals their correction” or “terrifies them with warnings” (verse 16)\n\nIn verse 16, the ULT follows the standard Hebrew text by saying “seals their correction.” However, as a footnote in the ULT indicates, many biblical scholars believe that the original reading was more likely “terrifies them with warnings,” and some translations say that. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
33:1 m7lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my words & all of my words 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he wants to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what I have to say … all that I tell you”
33:2 j572 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture I have now opened my mouth; my tongue has spoken in my palate 1 Elihu is using the past tense to describe something that he intends to do in the immediate future. He is doing that in order to indicate his resolve to do what he describes. Alternate translation: “I am about to open my mouth; my tongue is about to speak on my palate”
33:2 k006 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I have now opened my mouth 1 Elihu is using the first part of the speaking process, opening one’s **mouth**, to mean the entire process of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am about to speak”
33:2 k007 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification my tongue has spoken on my palate 1 Elihu is speaking of his **tongue** as if it were a living thing that could speak on its own. He means that he is about to use his tongue to form words by touching it against his **palate** and other places in his mouth. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “the words are on the tip of my tongue”
33:3 k008 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My words {are} 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he plans to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will speak”
33:3 u1kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor {from} the uprightness of my heart 1 Elihu is using his **heart** to represent his character. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the uprightness of my character”
33:3 k009 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns {from} the uprightness of my heart 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **uprightness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as someone whose character is upright”
33:3 j6sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification and my lips speak pure knowledge 1 Elihu is speaking of his **lips** as if they were living things that could **speak** on their own. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what I say will be pure knowledge”
33:4 g749 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result The Spirit of God made me; yes, the breath of Shaddai enlivened me. 1 Elihu is reasserting the reason he gave in [32:8](../32/08.md) to account for how he will be able to speak knowledgably. See how you translated the similar expression there. Alternate translation: “I will be able to speak knowledgably because Spirit of God made me; yes, it was Shaddai who breathed the breath of life into me”
33:5 ikf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor array {your words} & station yourself 1 While they are used in other contexts as well, the words translated as **array** and **station** can have the sense of organizing troops into formations and placing them on a field of battle in order to defend a certain position. Elihu may be speaking as if Job’s words were troops that he wanted him to organize and as if Job himself were an army that should make a stand on a battlefield. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “organize what you want to say … prepare to defend yourself”
33:5 k010 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to my face 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “in my presence” or “to me personally”
33:6 dis8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I am for God according to your mouth 1 Elihu could be using the term **mouth** to mean: (1) what Job said when he wished that God would respond to him. Job said something like this in [31:35](../01/01.md) and in several other places earlier in his speeches. Alternate translation: “I will reply to you on behalf of God, as you wished” (2) Job himself. Elihu would be using part of Job, the part he has been using to pursue his case against God, to mean all of Job. If you follow this second interpretation in your translation, you may wish to put the sentence break at the end of the verse rather than in the middle of the verse, since the two halves of the verse would be parallel statements. Alternate translation: “I am just like you to God”
33:6 q828 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I too have been formed from clay 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, the context suggests that it is God. Alternate translation: “God formed me too from clay”
33:6 ym3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I too have been formed from clay 1 Elihu is speaking as if God had literally **formed** him from **clay**. He is indicating that he is only a mortal human being by alluding to the way that God originally formed humans from the dust of the earth. The Bible presents this concept in [Genesis 2:7](../02/07.md)). As the next verse makes clear, Elihu is reassuring Job that he does not have to be afraid of how he will respond to him, in contrast with the way Job said in [30:21–23](../30/21.md) and other places that he was afraid that God would respond to him violently and with great force. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am only a mortal human being”
33:7 dmb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession my fear 1 Elihu is using this possessive form to describe Job’s fear of him, not his own fear of something. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the fear of me”
33:7 y53l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and my pressure will not be heavy on you 1 Elihu is speaking as if he might literally use his arms and hands to push down hard on Job and keep him from getting up, although he says that he will not do that. He means that he will not treat Job severely. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I will not treat you severely”
33:8 zu7c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you have spoken in my ears 1 Elihu is using the term **ears** by association to mean hearing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have spoken in my hearing” or “you have spoken while I was listening”
33:8 c2f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and I have heard the sound of the words 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job has said by using words. Elihu may be referring to the **sound** of the words to mean the exact words, that is, exactly what Job said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and this is exactly what I heard you say”
33:9 f62q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations ‘I {am} pure, without transgression; I {am} innocent, and iniquity {is} not to me 1 In this verse and the next two verses, Elihu is telling what he heard Job say. You may wish to indicate that with an introductory phrase. While Elihu quotes many words and phrases directly from Job’s speeches (for example, Job described his prayer as “pure” in [16:17](../16/17.md)), this is a general summary, not a series of exact quotations. Nevertheless, you may wish to present verses 9–11 as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “You have said, ‘I am pure, without transgression; I am innocent, and I have no iniquity”
33:9 h3f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ‘I {am} pure, without transgression; I {am} innocent, and iniquity {is} not to me 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate verses 9–11 so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “You have said that you are pure, without transgression; you have said that you are innocent and that you have no iniquity”
33:10 f8tf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Behold, he finds occasions against me; he considers me an enemy to him 1 Elihu is continuing to provide a general summary of what he heard Job say, directly quoting certain words and phrases. For example, Job asked God in [13:24](../13/24.md) why God considered him an enemy. If you decided to translate the previous verse as an indirect quotation, you can continue to do that here. Alternate translation: “You have said that God finds occasions against you and that he considers you to be his enemy”
33:11 w3ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes He puts my feet in shackles; he watches all of my paths.’ 1 Elihu is continuing to provide a general summary of what he heard Job say. In this verse he quotes directly what Job said in [13:27](../13/27.md). If you decided to translate the previous two verses as an indirect quotation, you can continue to do that here. Alternate translation: “You have said that God puts your feet in shackles and that he watches all of your paths.’
33:11 ra4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He puts my feet in shackles; he watches all of my paths.’ 1 Job spoke as if God had literally put his **feet** in **shackles** and as if his courses of action were literally **paths** that he was walking along. If you chose to express the ideas behind these images rather than the images themselves in [13:27](../13/27.md), you can do the same thing here so that it will be clear that Elihu is quoting what Job said there.
33:12 bbu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit {in} this 1 By **this**, Elihu seems to mean Job’s belief that God was not treating him fairly, which Elihu has just summarized. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in thinking that God is not treating you fairly,”
33:12 k011 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result {in} this you are not right & for God is greater than man 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could move this phrase to the start of the verse (after **Behold**), since it gives the reason why Elihu says that Job is **not right**. Alternate translation: “since God is greater than man, you have misunderstood how he is treating you”
33:12 k012 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations than man 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, here the masculine term **man** has a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “than humans”
33:13 z74q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you contend against him, that does not answer any of one’s words? 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not contend against him, that does not answer any of one’s words”
33:13 m749 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that does not answer any of one's words 1 Elihu could be saying: (1) that Job’s complaint is that God has not responded to his questions and protests. In that case, Elihu would be using the term translated **words** to mean what Job has been saying. Alternate translation: “that he does not respond when one speaks to him” (2) that God does not given an account for his own actions. The term translated **words** can also describe the matters with which someone is concerned or the things that someone does. Alternate translation: “that he does not account to anyone for how he treats that person”
33:13 k013 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person that does not answer any of one’s words 1 Since Elihu is speaking to Job and he probably means that Job is complaining that God is not answering him, you could translate this in the second person if that would be more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that does not answer any of your words” or “that he does not respond when you speak to him”
33:13 k014 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations that does not answer any of one’s words 1 It may be more natural in your language to make this a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘He does not answer any of my words’” or “saying, ‘He does not respond when I speak to him’”
33:14 gyh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry God speaks once—yes, twice 1 As Eliphaz did in [5:19](../05/19.md), here Elihu is naming a number that should be sufficient to illustrate his point and then increasing that number by one for emphasis. This was a common device in Hebrew poetry, but if a speaker of your language would not do this, in your translation you could express the emphasis another way. Alternate translation: “God indeed speaks to people”
33:14 k015 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast one does not perceive it 1 Elihu is drawing an implicit contrast between God’s genuine speaking and people’s failure to perceive it. You may wish to indicate this contrast explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “the only problem is, people do not perceive it”
33:15 zz7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit in a vision of the night, in the falling of deep sleep upon men 1 Elihu is using two of the same phrases that Eliphaz used in [4:13](../01/01.md) in order to make a very similar point. The implication is that Elihu believes that Eliphaz was right to say what he did. Since Elihu is echoing Eliphaz implicitly, it would probably not be appropriate to add an explicit phrase to the text saying something like “as Eliphaz said,” but it may be helpful to translate the phrases here the same way you did in [4:13](../01/01.md).
33:15 vq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural in slumbers 1 Elihu is using the plural form **slumbers** in a context where the singular term “slumber” would suffice. This suggests that he is using the plural form for emphasis. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “in sound slumber”
33:16 k016 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns God opens the ear of men 1 Since Elihu is speaking of many people, if you retain the term **ear** in your translation, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural form of the word. Alternate translation: “God opens the ears of people”
33:16 cgu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy God opens the ear of men 1 Elihu is using the term **ear** by association to mean hearing. When he says that God **opens** people’s ears, he means that God enables them to hear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God enables people to hear him speaking”
33:16 k017 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom God opens the ear of men 1 In this context, hearing represents understanding. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God enables people to understand what he is saying to them”
33:16 k018 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession and seals their correction 1 Elihu is using the possessive form **their correction** to describe the correction that God gives to people, not the correction that people give. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and seals the correction that he gives to them”
33:16 k019 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and seals their correction 1 Elihu is speaking as if God literally placed a seal over the **correction** that he gave to people. He means that God preserves the value and influence of the correction. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and enables them to appreciate and benefit from the correction that he gives to them”
33:17 k020 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to bring a man back from {his} doing 1 Elihu is speaking implicitly of a person **doing** something that was wrong. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to bring a person back from doing what is wrong”
33:17 qd6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to bring a man back from {his} doing 1 Elihu is speaking as if God would literally **bring** a person who was doing wrong **back** from a certain place. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to warn that person to stop doing what is wrong”
33:17 k021 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and to conceal pride from a man 1 Elihu is speaking as if **pride** were literally an object that God would **conceal** from a person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to keep that person from becoming proud”
33:18 t4um rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns He spares his soul 1 The pronoun **He** refers to God, and the pronoun **his** refers to a person. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God spares a person’s soul”
33:18 d93m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his soul & and his life 1 Elihu is using parts of a person, his **soul** and his **life**, to mean all of him in the act of being spared from death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “him … and he spares him”
33:18 lgc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism from crossing over 1 Elihu is using the phrase **crossing over** to mean “dying.” This is a poetic way of referring to death; it suggests the image of crossing a river that is the boundary between one territory and another. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from dying”
33:18 bd6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by a weapon 1 Elihu is using the term **weapon** by association to being killed by a weapon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by being killed by a weapon”
33:19 pgn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He is also chastened 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God also chastenes a person”
33:19 x9jg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and the strife of his bones {is} continual 1 Elihu is speaking as if there were literally **strife** or warfare among the **bones** of this person. He is using an image similar to the one that Job used in [30:17](../30/17.md) when he said, “Night pierces my bones.” Job meant that he got a stabbing sensation of pain in his body when he lay down at night. Here Elihu speaks similarly as if Job’s bones were being wounded in battle and Job was feeling the pain of that. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he feels continual discomfort in his body”
33:20 ubm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and his soul food of desire 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and his soul abhors food of desire”
33:20 k022 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche so his life & and his soul 1 Elihu is using parts of a person, his **life** and his **soul**, to mean all of him in the act of abhorring food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so he … and he abhors”
33:20 k023 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche bread 1 Elihu is using one kind of food, **bread**, to mean food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food”
33:20 x7zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession food of desire 1 Elihu is using this possessive form to describe **food** that a person would especially **desire**, not food that belongs to desire. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “desirable food” or “delicacies”
33:21 f64y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive not seen, are exposed 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which people could not see before, become visible”
33:22 gup8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche And his soul & and his life 1 Elihu is using parts of a person, his **soul** and his **life**, to mean all of him in the act of approaching death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And he … and he draws near”
33:22 ne1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to the ones causing death 1 Elihu may be referring implicitly to specific angels who were believed to be agents through whom God caused people to die. (There are suggestions of this in [2 Samuel 24:16](../2sa/24/16.md) and [Psalm 78:49](../psa/78/49.md).) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to the angels of death”
33:23 kt34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast If 1 Elihu is drawing an implict contrast between the angels of death whom he described in the previous verse and the type of angel he describes in this verse, who helps keep a person from going “down to the pit” (as he says in the next verse). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the contrast explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “But if”
33:23 k024 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit an interpreter 1 The word translated **interpreter** is used elsewhere in the Bible to mean someone who translates what someone says in one language into another language, for example, in [Genesis 42:23](../42/23.md). Here, however, it implicitly means someone who speaks on behalf of another person, not necessarily translating what that person says into another language. Alternate translation: “an advocate” or “a spokesman”
33:23 zbw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom one of a thousand 1 Elihu does not necessarily mean that exactly **one** out of every **thousand** angels is an interpreter such as he describes. Instead, this expression may mean in a general sense that such angels are rare. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that rare kind of angel”
33:23 k025 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to declare to a man his uprightness 1 This could mean: (1) that the angel would **declare** to a person how he would need to change his actions so that he would be upright or have a right standing with God (**his** would refer to the person) or so that his actions would conform to God’s **uprightness** (**his** would refer to God). Alternate translation: “to declare to a person how he needs to change his actions in order to become upright” (2) that the angel would **declare** to God on behalf of a person (the word translated **to** would mean “for”) that the person was upright or had the potential to change his actions and become upright and so did not need to die. Alternate translation: “to declare to God on a person’s behalf that he is upright”
33:24 k026 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns and he is gracious to him 1 The pronoun **he** refers to God and the pronoun **him** refers to the person whom Elihu has been describing. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and God is gracious to that person”
33:24 a1rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes and says, ‘Spare him from going down to the pit, I have found a ransom,’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and tells the angels of death to spare him from going down to the pit because he has found a ransom”
33:24 es6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I have found a ransom 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **ransom**, you could express the same idea in another way. See the discussion of this idea in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “I have found a good reason to spare him”
33:24 k027 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I have found a ransom 1 The word **found** does not mean that God was not aware where this **ransom** was and had to look for it and finally found it. Rather, it means that when the suffering person repented, this was a consideration that helped provide grounds for sparing him. (See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I have recognized a good reason to spare him”
33:25 mu51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his flesh 1 Elihu is using one part of this person’s body, his **flesh**, to mean his whole body in the act of being rejuvenated. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his body”
33:25 k7le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification it returns to the days of his youth 1 Elihu is speaking of this person’s **flesh** as if it were a living thing that could go back in time to his **youth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it becomes as it was in the days of his youth”
33:25 n9hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to the days of his youth 1 Elihu is using the term **days** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the time of his youth”
33:26 k028 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns and he will accept him, and he will see his face with joy 1 The pronoun **he** means God in the first instance and, in the second instance, the person whom Elihu has been describing. The pronoun **him** refers to this person, and the pronoun **his** refers to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and God will accept this person, and the person will see God’s face with joy”
33:26 yt2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and he will see his face 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Based on what Elihu says in the next two verses, this probably means that he will come into God’s presence in a temple. Alternate translation: “and he will come into God’s presence in a temple”
33:26 d3zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for he will restore to the man his righteousness 1 This could mean: Alternate translation: (1) “for God will restore the man to a right standing with him” or (2) “and God will restore his reputation as a righteous person” or (3) “and God will set things right for the man again”
33:27 k029 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He will sing to men 1 Elihu assumes that Job will understand that by **sing**, he means that the person will go to a temple and publicly sing a song of thanksgiving to celebrate how God has delivered him, as was the custom in this culture. You could say that explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “He will sing a song of thanksgiving in a temple”
33:27 t53p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes and say, ‘I sinned and I turned aside uprightness, but he did not requite to me 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and say that he sinned and turned aside uprightness but that God did not requite to him”
33:27 k030 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns and I turned aside uprightness 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **uprightness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and I turned aside what was right”
33:27 k031 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification and I turned aside uprightness 1 Elihu is speaking of **uprightness** as if it were a living thing that had been walking down the right path and he **turned** it **aside** so that it began going down the wrong path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I did what was not right”
33:28 u2a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes He has redeemed my soul from going over into the pit, and my life will see light 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “He will say that God has redeemed his soul from going over into the pit and that his life life will see light”
33:28 wt12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my soul & and my life 1 Elihu is using parts of this person, his **soul** and his **life**, to mean all of him in the act of being redeemed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “me … and I”
33:28 f6ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and my life will see light 1 This person is using the term **light** by association to mean life on earth. As in many other places in the book, here the realm of the living is describe as a place of light, by contrast with the realm of the dead, which is a place of darkness. (For example, in [18:18](../18/18.md), “They will drive him from light into darkness, and they will chase him from the world.”) If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I will continue to live on earth”
33:29 w47t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism twice, thrice 1 As he did in verse 14, here Elihu is naming a number that should be sufficient to illustrate his point and then increasing that number by one for emphasis. This was a common device in Hebrew poetry, but if a speaker of your language would not do this, in your translation you could express the emphasis another way. Alternate translation: “again and again”
33:29 m27i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his soul 1 Elihu is using one part of this person, his **soul**, to mean all of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “him”
33:30 myd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive for being enlightened with the light of the living 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that he can enlighten him with the light of the living”
33:30 k032 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj for being enlightened with the light of the living 1 Elihu is using the plural adjective **living** as a noun to mean a certain group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “so that he can enlighten him with the light of living people”
33:30 k033 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession for being enlightened with the light of the living 1 Elihu is using the possessive form **the light of the living** to describe the light that living people have, by they see, not light that living people give off. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “so that he can enlighten him with the light that living people have”
33:30 k034 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for being enlightened with the light of the living 1 As in verse 38, the term **light** refers by association to life on earth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that he can restore him to life among the other people who live on earth”
33:31 z1l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns and I will speak 1 For emphasis, Elihu is stating the pronoun **I**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **speak**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “and let me be the one who speaks”
33:32 k035 rc://*/ta/man/translate/ grammar-connect-time-sequential If 1 Since Elihu told Job in the previous verse to **listen** and be **silent**, when he tells him in this verse to **speak** and **answer**, he implicitly means that Job should do this only after listening to him. You could indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Then if”
33:32 k036 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy there are words 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job would say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have something to say”
33:32 g3l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I desire to justify you 1 Elihu seems to mean that he desires to show that Job has been right in saying that God is not punishing him for committing sin. Elihu has been suggesting that Job’s sufferings are instead a warning from God not to take a sinful course of action. You could indicate that explicitly in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I am trying to show that you have been right in saying that God is not punishing you for committing sin”
33:33 k037 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast If 1 Elihu is implicitly drawing a contrast, suggesting that, on the other hand, Job may not have anything to say once he has listened to him further. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the contrast explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “But if”
33:33 k038 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns you listen to me 1 For emphasis, Elihu is stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **listen**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “you be the one who listens while I speak”
33:33 k039 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns wisdom 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is wise”
33:1 m7lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִלָּ֑⁠י וְֽ⁠כָל־דְּבָרַ֥⁠י 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he wants to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what I have to say … all that I tell you”
33:2 j572 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture נָ֭א פָּתַ֣חְתִּי פִ֑⁠י דִּבְּרָ֖ה לְשׁוֹנִ֣⁠י בְ⁠חִכִּֽ⁠י 1 Elihu is using the past tense to describe something that he intends to do in the immediate future. He is doing that in order to indicate his resolve to do what he describes. Alternate translation: “I am now about to open my mouth; my tongue is about to speak on my palate”
33:2 k006 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נָ֭א פָּתַ֣חְתִּי פִ֑⁠י 1 Elihu is using the first part of the speaking process, opening one’s **mouth**, to mean the entire process of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am now about to speak”
33:2 k007 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification דִּבְּרָ֖ה לְשׁוֹנִ֣⁠י בְ⁠חִכִּֽ⁠י 1 Elihu is speaking of his **tongue** as if it were a living thing that could speak on its own. He means that he is about to use his tongue to form words by touching it against his **palate** and other places in his mouth. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “the words are on the tip of my tongue”
33:3 k008 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֲמָרָ֑⁠י 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he plans to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will speak”
33:3 u1kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֹֽשֶׁר־לִבִּ֥⁠י 1 Elihu is using his **heart** to represent his character. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the uprightness of my character”
33:3 k009 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns יֹֽשֶׁר־לִבִּ֥⁠י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **uprightness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as someone whose character is upright”
33:3 j6sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠דַ֥עַת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗⁠י בָּר֥וּר מִלֵּֽלוּ 1 Elihu is speaking of his **lips** as if they were living things that could **speak** on their own. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what I say will be pure knowledge”
33:4 g749 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result רֽוּחַ־אֵ֥ל עָשָׂ֑תְ⁠נִי וְ⁠נִשְׁמַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י תְּחַיֵּֽ⁠נִי 1 Elihu is reasserting the reason he gave in [32:8](../32/08.md) to account for how he will be able to speak knowledgably. See how you translated the similar expression there. Alternate translation: “I will be able to speak knowledgably because Spirit of God made me; yes, it was Shaddai who breathed the breath of life into me”
33:5 ikf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֶרְכָ֥⁠ה & הִתְיַצָּֽבָ⁠ה 1 The words translated as **array** and **station** can have the sense of organizing troops into formations and placing them on a field of battle in order to defend a certain position. Elihu is probably be speaking as if Job’s words were troops that he wanted him to organize and as if Job himself were an army that should make a stand on a battlefield. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “organize what you want to say … prepare to defend yourself”
33:5 k010 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְ֝⁠פָנַ֗⁠י 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “in my presence” or “to me personally”
33:6 dis8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲנִ֣י כְ⁠פִ֣י⁠ךָ לָ⁠אֵ֑ל 1 Elihu could be using the term **mouth** to mean: (1) what Job said when he wished that God would respond to him. Job said something like this in [31:35](../01/01.md) and in several other places earlier in his speeches. Alternate translation: “I will reply to you on behalf of God, as you wished” (2) Job himself. Elihu would be using part of Job, the part he has been using to pursue his case against God, to mean all of Job. If you follow this second interpretation in your translation, you may wish to put the sentence break at the end of the verse rather than in the middle of the verse, since the two halves of the verse would be parallel statements. Alternate translation: “I am just like you to God”
33:6 q828 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מֵ֝⁠חֹ֗מֶר קֹרַ֥צְתִּי גַם־אָֽנִי 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the action, the context suggests that it is God. Alternate translation: “God formed me too from clay”
33:6 ym3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵ֝⁠חֹ֗מֶר קֹרַ֥צְתִּי גַם־אָֽנִי 1 Elihu is speaking as if God had literally **formed** him from **clay**. He is indicating that he is only a mortal human being by alluding to the way that God originally formed humans from the dust of the earth. The Bible presents this concept in [Genesis 2:7](../02/07.md)). As the next verse makes clear, Elihu is reassuring Job that he does not have to be afraid of how he will respond to him, in contrast with the way Job said in [30:21–23](../30/21.md) and other places that he was afraid that God would respond to him violently and with great force. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I am only a mortal human being”
33:7 dmb1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֵ֭מָתִ⁠י 1 Elihu is using this possessive form to describe Job’s fear of him, not his own fear of something. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the fear of me”
33:7 y53l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠אַכְפִּ֗⁠י עָלֶ֥י⁠ךָ לֹא־יִכְבָּֽד 1 Elihu is speaking as if he might literally use his arms and hands to push down hard on Job and keep him from getting up, although he says that he will not do that. He means that he will not treat Job severely. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I will not treat you severely”
33:8 zu7c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אָמַ֣רְתָּ בְ⁠אָזְנָ֑⁠י 1 Elihu is using the term **ears** by association to mean hearing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have spoken in my hearing” or “you have spoken while I was listening”
33:8 c2f7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠ק֖וֹל מִלִּ֣ין אֶשְׁמָֽע 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job has said by using words. Elihu may be referring to the **sound** of the words to mean the exact words, that is, exactly what Job said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and this is exactly what I heard you say”
33:9 f62q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations זַ֥ךְ אֲנִ֗י בְּֽלִ֫י פָ֥שַׁע חַ֥ף אָנֹכִ֑י וְ⁠לֹ֖א עָוֺ֣ן לִֽ⁠י 1 In this verse and the next two verses, Elihu is telling what he heard Job say. You may wish to indicate that with an introductory phrase. While Elihu quotes many words and phrases directly from Job’s speeches (for example, Job described his prayer as “pure” in [16:17](../16/17.md)), this is a general summary, not a series of exact quotations. Nevertheless, you may wish to present verses 9–11 as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “You have said, ‘I am pure, without transgression; I am innocent, and I have no iniquity”
33:9 h3f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes זַ֥ךְ אֲנִ֗י בְּֽלִ֫י פָ֥שַׁע חַ֥ף אָנֹכִ֑י וְ⁠לֹ֖א עָוֺ֣ן לִֽ⁠י 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate verses 9–11 so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “You have said that you are pure, without transgression; you have said that you are innocent and that you have no iniquity”
33:10 f8tf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הֵ֣ן תְּ֭נוּאוֹת עָלַ֣⁠י יִמְצָ֑א יַחְשְׁבֵ֖⁠נִי לְ⁠אוֹיֵ֣ב לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is continuing to provide a general summary of what he heard Job say, directly quoting certain words and phrases. For example, Job asked God in [13:24](../13/24.md) why God considered him an enemy. If you decided to translate the previous verse as an indirect quotation, you can continue to do that here. Alternate translation: “You have said that God finds occasions against you and that he considers you to be his enemy”
33:11 w3ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes יָשֵׂ֣ם בַּ⁠סַּ֣ד רַגְלָ֑⁠י יִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר כָּל־אָרְחֹתָֽ⁠י 1 Elihu is continuing to provide a general summary of what he heard Job say. In this verse he quotes directly what Job said in [13:27](../13/27.md). If you decided to translate the previous two verses as an indirect quotation, you can continue to do that here. Alternate translation: “You have said that God puts your feet in shackles and that he watches all of your paths.’
33:11 ra4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָשֵׂ֣ם בַּ⁠סַּ֣ד רַגְלָ֑⁠י יִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר כָּל־אָרְחֹתָֽ⁠י 1 Job spoke as if God had literally put his **feet** in **shackles** and as if his courses of action were literally **paths** that he was walking along. If you chose to express the ideas behind these images rather than the images themselves in [13:27](../13/27.md), you can do the same thing here so that it will be clear that Elihu is quoting what Job said there.
33:12 bbu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit זֹ֣את 1 By **this**, Elihu seems to mean Job’s belief that God was not treating him fairly, which Elihu has just summarized. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in thinking that God is not treating you fairly,”
33:12 k011 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result זֹ֣את לֹא־צָדַ֣קְתָּ & כִּֽי־יִרְבֶּ֥ה אֱ֝ל֗וֹהַ מֵ⁠אֱנֽוֹשׁ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could move this phrase to the start of the verse (after **Behold**), since it gives the reason why Elihu says that Job is **not right**. Alternate translation: “since God is greater than man, you have misunderstood how he is treating you”
33:12 k012 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations מֵ⁠אֱנֽוֹשׁ 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, here the masculine term **man** has a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “than humans”
33:13 z74q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַ֭דּוּעַ אֵלָ֣י⁠ו רִיב֑וֹתָ כִּ֥י כָל־דְּ֝בָרָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א־יַעֲנֶֽה 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not contend against him, that does not answer any of one’s words”
33:13 m749 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּ֥י כָל־דְּ֝בָרָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א־יַעֲנֶֽה 1 Elihu could be saying: (1) that Job’s complaint is that God has not responded to his questions and protests. In that case, Elihu would be using the term translated **words** to mean what Job has been saying. Alternate translation: “that he does not respond when one speaks to him” (2) that God does not given an account for his own actions. The term translated **words** can also describe the matters with which someone is concerned or the things that someone does. Alternate translation: “that he does not account to anyone for how he treats that person”
33:13 k013 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person כִּ֥י כָל־דְּ֝בָרָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א־יַעֲנֶֽה 1 Since Elihu is speaking to Job and he probably means that Job is complaining that God is not answering him, you could translate this in the second person if that would be more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that does not answer any of your words” or “that he does not respond when you speak to him”
33:13 k014 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations כִּ֥י כָל־דְּ֝בָרָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א־יַעֲנֶֽה 1 It may be more natural in your language to make this a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “saying, ‘He does not answer any of my words’” or “saying, ‘He does not respond when I speak to him’”
33:14 gyh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry בְ⁠אַחַ֥ת יְדַבֶּר־אֵ֑ל וּ֝⁠בִ⁠שְׁתַּ֗יִם 1 As Eliphaz did in [5:19](../05/19.md), here Elihu is naming a number that should be sufficient to illustrate his point and then increasing that number by one for emphasis. This was a common device in Hebrew poetry, but if a speaker of your language would not do this, in your translation you could express the emphasis another way. Alternate translation: “God indeed speaks to people”
33:14 k015 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast לֹ֣א יְשׁוּרֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 Elihu is drawing an implicit contrast between God’s genuine speaking and people’s failure to perceive it. You may wish to indicate this contrast explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “the only problem is, people do not perceive it”
33:15 zz7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַּ⁠חֲל֤וֹם ׀ חֶזְי֬וֹן לַ֗יְלָה בִּ⁠נְפֹ֣ל תַּ֭רְדֵּמָה עַל־אֲנָשִׁ֑ים 1 Elihu is using two of the same phrases that Eliphaz used in [4:13](../01/01.md) in order to make a very similar point. The implication is that Elihu believes that Eliphaz was right to say what he did. Since Elihu is echoing Eliphaz implicitly, it would probably not be appropriate to add an explicit phrase to the text saying something like “as Eliphaz said,” but it may be helpful to translate the phrases here the same way you did in [4:13](../01/01.md).
33:15 vq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural בִּ֝⁠תְנוּמ֗וֹת 1 Elihu is using the plural form **slumbers** in a context where the singular term “slumber” would suffice. This suggests that he is using the plural form for emphasis. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “in sound slumber”
33:16 k016 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns יִ֭גְלֶה אֹ֣זֶן אֲנָשִׁ֑ים 1 Since Elihu is speaking of many people, if you retain the term **ear** in your translation, it may be more natural in your language to use the plural form of the word. Alternate translation: “God opens the ears of people”
33:16 cgu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִ֭גְלֶה אֹ֣זֶן אֲנָשִׁ֑ים 1 Elihu is using the term **ear** by association to mean hearing. When he says that God **opens** people’s ears, he means that God enables them to hear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God enables people to hear him speaking”
33:16 k017 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִ֭גְלֶה אֹ֣זֶן אֲנָשִׁ֑ים 1 In this context, hearing represents understanding. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God enables people to understand what he is saying to them”
33:16 k018 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠בְ⁠מֹ֖סָרָ֣⁠ם יַחְתֹּֽם 1 Elihu is using the possessive form **their correction** to describe the correction that God gives to people, not the correction that people give. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and seals the correction that he gives to them”
33:16 k019 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בְ⁠מֹ֖סָרָ֣⁠ם יַחְתֹּֽם 1 Elihu is speaking as if God literally placed a seal over the **correction** that he gave to people. He means that God preserves the value and influence of the correction. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and enables them to appreciate and benefit from the correction that he gives to them”
33:17 k020 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ֭⁠הָסִיר אָדָ֣ם מַעֲשֶׂ֑ה 1 Elihu is speaking implicitly of a person **doing** something that was wrong. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to bring a person back from doing what is wrong”
33:17 qd6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ֭⁠הָסִיר אָדָ֣ם מַעֲשֶׂ֑ה 1 Elihu is speaking as if God would literally **bring** a person who was doing wrong **back** from a certain place. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to warn that person to stop doing what is wrong”
33:17 k021 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠גֵוָ֖ה מִ⁠גֶּ֣בֶר יְכַסֶּֽה 1 Elihu is speaking as if **pride** were literally an object that God would **conceal** from a person. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to keep that person from becoming proud”
33:18 t4um rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יַחְשֹׂ֣ךְ נַ֭פְשׁ⁠וֹ 1 The pronoun **He** refers to God, and the pronoun **his** refers to a person. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God spares a person’s soul”
33:18 d93m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נַ֭פְשׁ⁠וֹ & וְ֝⁠חַיָּת֗⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is using parts of a person, his **soul** and his **life**, to mean all of him in the act of being spared from death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “him … and he spares him”
33:18 lgc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism מֵ⁠עֲבֹ֥ר 1 Elihu is using the phrase **crossing over** to mean “dying.” This is a poetic way of referring to death; it suggests the image of crossing a river that is the boundary between one territory and another. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from dying”
33:18 bd6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בַּ⁠שָּֽׁלַח 1 Elihu is using the term **weapon** by association to being killed by a weapon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by being killed by a weapon”
33:19 pgn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠הוּכַ֣ח 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God also chastenes a person”
33:19 x9jg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְר֖וֹב עֲצָמָ֣י⁠ו אֵתָֽן 1 Elihu is speaking as if there were literally **contention** or warfare among the **bones** of this person. He is using an image similar to the one that Job used in [30:17](../30/17.md) when he said, “Night pierces my bones.” Job meant that he got a stabbing sensation of pain in his body when he lay down at night. Here Elihu speaks similarly as if Job’s bones were being wounded in battle and Job was feeling the pain of that. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he feels continual discomfort in his body”
33:20 ubm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ֝⁠נַפְשׁ֗⁠וֹ מַאֲכַ֥ל תַּאֲוָֽה 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and his soul abhors food of desire”
33:20 k022 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche חַיָּת֣⁠וֹ & וְ֝⁠נַפְשׁ֗⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is using parts of a person, his **life** and his **soul**, to mean all of him in the act of abhorring food. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he … and he abhors”
33:20 k023 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לָ֑חֶם 1 Elihu is using one kind of food, **bread**, to mean food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “food”
33:20 x7zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מַאֲכַ֥ל תַּאֲוָֽה 1 Elihu is using this possessive form to describe **food** that a person would especially **desire**, not food that belongs to desire. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “desirable food” or “delicacies”
33:21 f64y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְשֻׁפּ֥וּ עַ֝צְמוֹתָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א רֻאּֽוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and his bones, which people could not see before, become visible”
33:22 gup8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נַפְשׁ֑⁠וֹ וְ֝⁠חַיָּת֗⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is using parts of a person, his **soul** and his **life**, to mean all of him in the act of approaching death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he … and he draws near”
33:22 ne1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לַֽ⁠מְמִתִֽים 1 Elihu may be referring implicitly to specific angels who were believed to be agents through whom God caused people to die. (There are suggestions of this in [2 Samuel 24:16](../2sa/24/16.md) and [Psalm 78:49](../psa/78/49.md).) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to the angels of death”
33:23 kt34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast אִם 1 Elihu is drawing an implict contrast between the angels of death whom he described in the previous verse and the type of angel he describes in this verse, who helps keep a person from going “down to the pit” (as he says in the next verse). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the contrast explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “But if”
33:23 k024 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵלִ֗יץ 1 The word translated **interpreter** is used elsewhere in the Bible to mean someone who translates what someone says in one language into another language, for example, in [Genesis 42:23](../42/23.md). Here, however, it implicitly means someone who speaks on behalf of another person, not necessarily translating what that person says into another language. Alternate translation: “an advocate” or “a spokesman”
33:23 zbw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶחָ֥ד מִנִּי־אָ֑לֶף 1 Elihu does not necessarily mean that exactly **one** out of every **thousand** angels is an interpreter such as he describes. Instead, this expression may mean in a general sense that such angels are rare. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that rare kind of angel”
33:23 k025 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠הַגִּ֖יד לְ⁠אָדָ֣ם יָשְׁרֽ⁠וֹ 1 This could mean: (1) that the angel would **declare** to a person how he would need to change his actions so that he would be upright or have a right standing with God (**his** would refer to the person) or so that his actions would conform to God’s **uprightness** (**his** would refer to God). Alternate translation: “to declare to a person how he needs to change his actions in order to become upright” (2) that the angel would **declare** to God on behalf of a person (the word translated **to** would mean “for”) that the person was upright or had the potential to change his actions and become upright and so did not need to die. Alternate translation: “to declare to God on a person’s behalf that he is upright”
33:24 k026 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יְחֻנֶּ֗⁠נּוּ 1 The pronoun **he** refers to God and the pronoun **him** refers to the person whom Elihu has been describing. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and God is gracious to that person”
33:24 a1rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר פְּ֭דָעֵ⁠הוּ מֵ⁠רֶ֥דֶת שָׁ֗חַת מָצָ֥אתִי כֹֽפֶר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and tells the angels of death to spare him from going down to the pit because he has found a ransom”
33:24 es6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מָצָ֥אתִי כֹֽפֶר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **ransom**, you could express the same idea in another way. See the discussion of this idea in the General Notes to this chapter. Alternate translation: “I have found a good reason to spare him”
33:24 k027 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מָצָ֥אתִי כֹֽפֶר 1 The word **found** does not mean that God was not aware where this **ransom** was and had to look for it and finally found it. Rather, it means that when the suffering person repented, this was a consideration that helped provide grounds for sparing him. (See the discussion in the General Notes to this chapter.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I have recognized a good reason to spare him”
33:25 mu51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּשָׂר֣⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is using one part of this person’s body, his **flesh**, to mean his whole body in the act of being rejuvenated. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his body”
33:25 k7le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יָ֝שׁ֗וּב לִ⁠ימֵ֥י עֲלוּמָֽי⁠ו 1 Elihu is speaking of this person’s **flesh** as if it were a living thing that could go back in time to his **youth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it becomes as it was in the days of his youth”
33:25 n9hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לִ⁠ימֵ֥י עֲלוּמָֽי⁠ו 1 Elihu is using the term **days** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the time of his youth”
33:26 k028 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יִּרְצֵ֗⁠הוּ וַ⁠יַּ֣רְא פָּ֭נָי⁠ו בִּ⁠תְרוּעָ֑ה 1 The pronoun **he** means God in the first instance and, in the second instance, the person whom Elihu has been describing. The pronoun **him** refers to this person, and the pronoun **his** refers to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and God will accept this person, and the person will see God’s face with joy”
33:26 yt2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠יַּ֣רְא פָּ֭נָי⁠ו 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Based on what Elihu says in the next two verses, this probably means that he will come into God’s presence in a temple. Alternate translation: “and he will come into God’s presence in a temple”
33:26 d3zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠יָּ֥שֶׁב לֶ֝⁠אֱנ֗וֹשׁ צִדְקָתֽ⁠וֹ 1 This could mean: Alternate translation: (1) “for God will restore the man to a right standing with him” or (2) “and God will restore his reputation as a righteous person” or (3) “and God will set things right for the man again”
33:27 k029 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָשֹׁ֤ר ׀ עַל־אֲנָשִׁ֗ים 1 Elihu assumes that Job will understand that by **sing**, he means that the person will go to a temple and publicly sing a song of thanksgiving to celebrate how God has delivered him, as was the custom in this culture. You could say that explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “He will sing a song of thanksgiving in a temple”
33:27 t53p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר חָ֭טָאתִי וְ⁠יָשָׁ֥ר הֶעֱוֵ֗יתִי וְ⁠לֹא־שָׁ֥וָה לִֽ⁠י 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and say that he sinned and turned aside uprightness but that God did not requite to him”
33:27 k030 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠יָשָׁ֥ר הֶעֱוֵ֗יתִי 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **uprightness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and I turned aside what was right”
33:27 k031 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠יָשָׁ֥ר הֶעֱוֵ֗יתִי 1 Elihu is speaking of **uprightness** as if it were a living thing that had been walking down the right path and he **turned** it **aside** so that it began going down the wrong path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I did what was not right”
33:28 u2a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes פָּדָ֣ה נַ֭פְשׁוֹ מֵ⁠עֲבֹ֣ר בַּ⁠שָּׁ֑חַת וְ֝חַיָּתוֹ בָּ⁠א֥וֹר תִּרְאֶֽה\n\n 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “He will say that God has redeemed his soul from going over into the pit and that his life life will see light”
33:28 wt12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נַ֭פְשׁוֹ & וְ֝חַיָּתוֹ 1 Elihu is using parts of this person, his **soul** and his **life**, to mean all of him in the act of being redeemed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “me … and I”
33:28 f6ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝חַיָּתוֹ בָּ⁠א֥וֹר תִּרְאֶֽה\n\n 1 This person is using the term **light** by association to mean life on earth. As in many other places in the book, here the realm of the living is describe as a place of light, by contrast with the realm of the dead, which is a place of darkness. (For example, in [18:18](../18/18.md), “They will drive him from light into darkness, and they will chase him from the world.”) If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I will continue to live on earth”
33:29 w47t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism פַּעֲמַ֖יִם שָׁל֣וֹשׁ 1 As he did in verse 14, here Elihu is naming a number that should be sufficient to illustrate his point and then increasing that number by one for emphasis. This was a common device in Hebrew poetry, but if a speaker of your language would not do this, in your translation you could express the emphasis another way. Alternate translation: “again and again”
33:30 m27i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נַ֭פְשׁ⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is using one part of this person, his **soul**, to mean all of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “him”
33:30 myd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֵ֝⁠א֗וֹר בְּ⁠א֣וֹר הַֽ⁠חַיִּים 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that he can enlighten him with the light of the living”
33:30 k032 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj לֵ֝⁠א֗וֹר בְּ⁠א֣וֹר הַֽ⁠חַיִּים 1 Elihu is using the plural adjective **living** as a noun to mean a certain group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “so that he can enlighten him with the light of living people”
33:30 k033 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לֵ֝⁠א֗וֹר בְּ⁠א֣וֹר הַֽ⁠חַיִּים 1 Elihu is using the possessive form **the light of the living** to describe the light that living people have, by they see, not light that living people give off. It may be helpful clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “so that he can enlighten him with the light that living people have”
33:30 k034 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֝⁠א֗וֹר בְּ⁠א֣וֹר הַֽ⁠חַיִּים 1 As in verse 38, the term **light** refers by association to life on earth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that he can restore him to life among the other people who live on earth”
33:31 z1l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אָנֹכִ֥י אֲדַבֵּֽר 1 For emphasis, Elihu is stating the pronoun **I**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **speak**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “and let me be the one who speaks”
33:32 k035 rc://*/ta/man/translate/ grammar-connect-time-sequential אִם 1 Since Elihu told Job in the previous verse to **listen** and be **silent**, when he tells him in this verse to **speak** and **answer**, he implicitly means that Job should do this only after listening to him. You could indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Then if”
33:32 k036 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יֵשׁ־מִלִּ֥ין 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job would say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have something to say”
33:32 g3l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חָפַ֥צְתִּי צַדְּקֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 Elihu seems to mean that he desires to show that Job has been right in saying that God is not punishing him for committing sin. Elihu has been suggesting that Job’s sufferings are instead a warning from God not to take a sinful course of action. You could indicate that explicitly in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I am trying to show that you have been right in saying that God is not punishing you for committing sin”
33:33 k037 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast אִם 1 Elihu is implicitly drawing a contrast, suggesting that, on the other hand, Job may not have anything to say once he has listened to him further. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the contrast explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “But if”
33:33 k038 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַתָּ֥ה שְֽׁמַֽע־לִ֑⁠י 1 For emphasis, Elihu is stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **listen**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “you be the one who listens while I speak”
33:33 k039 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָֽה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is wise”
34:intro b9ku 0 # Job 34 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of Elihu’s speech. In this chapter, Elihu speaks first to Job’s friends and others who may be listening, then from verse 16 onward he addresses Job directly, and then he speaks again to the others about Job starting in verse 34.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Elihu speaking harshly about Job\n\nIt may be puzzling to your readers that while Elihu promises Job in 33:7 that he will be gentle with him, in this chapter, in verses 7–8 and 35, Elihu speaks very harshly about Job. However, this is really a matter of interpretation rather than translation, so it is not necessary to offer an explanation within the text of your translation.\n\n## Translation Issues in this Chapter\n\n### Elihu quoting Job and his friends\n\nIn several places in this chapter, Elihu directly quotes Job or his friends. He does this to affirm what the friends said and to challenge what Job said. To help your readers appreciate that Elihu is doing this, you may wish to translate his expressions the same way you translated them when Job or his friends used them.\nIn 34:3, Elihu quotes what Job said in 12:11.\nIn 34:5, Elihu quotes what Job said in 27:2.\nIn 34:6, Elihu quotes what Job said in 6:4, 16:13, and 27:4.\nIn 34:7, Elihu quotes what Eliphaz said in 15:16.\nIn 34:12, Elihu quotes what Bildad said in 8:3.\n\n### “man” and “men” with generic meaning\n\nIn several places in this chapter, Elihu uses the words “man” and “men” in a generic sense that is inclusive of both men and women. It may be helpful in your translation to say “men and women” or to use a term in your language that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Notes suggest ways in which you might do this. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations.)\n\n### “For” at the start of a verse introducing a reason\n\nSeveral times in this chapter, Elihu says “For” at the beginning of a verse to introduce the reason for something he said in the previous verse. Elihu does this in verses 3, 5, 9, 11, 21, and 37. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could refer back more explicitly to the previous verse in order to show what Elihu is doing. The UST models ways to do this in each case. (“For” at the beginning of verse 23 introduces a new consideration, as the UST also illustrates.) (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases.)
34:1 h9vc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys And Elihu answered and said 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **answered** tells for what purpose a person **said** something. In this case, Elihu said more things in light of what he had already said and thus, in a sense, in answer to them. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “And Elihu said further, in light of what he had already said”
34:2 k8a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my words 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he is about to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what I have to say”
34:2 zux7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj wise {ones} 1 Elihu is using the adjective **wise** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. (The ULT adds the word **ones** to show this.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “you who are wise”
34:3 ln8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile the ear tests words, and the palate tastes food 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, Elihu is using the same phrase that Job used to tell his friends in [12:11](../12/11.md) that he had considered and rejected their perspective. Elihu is quoting Job in order to tell him that, for his part, he has considered Job’s perspective and rejected it. To help your readers recognize this, you may wish to use the same language in your translation here as you did in [12:11](../12/11.md).
34:3 k040 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases the ear tests words, and the palate tastes food 1 Elihu is using the word **and** to indicate that the phrase it introduces is just as true as the previous phrase. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “the ear tests words, just as the palate tastes food”
34:3 k041 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the ear tests words, and the palate tastes food 1 Elihu is speaking of the **ear** as if it could **test words** by itself. He is using the ear to represent hearing, and he means that people themselves test or consider the words of others when they hear them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people consider others’ words when they hear them, just as people discern with their mouths the taste of their food”
34:3 k042 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy words 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what people say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what people say”
34:3 k043 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the ear tests words, and the palate tastes food 1 Though Elihu is making a general statement, he is referring implicitly to what Job has said and what he has decided about it. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I have heard what Job has said and I have considered it and decided that it is not true, just as people discern with their mouths the taste of their food”
34:3 k044 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification and the palate tastes food 1 Elihu is speaking of the **palate** or mouth as if it could **taste** by itself. He means that with their mouths, people discern the taste of the food that they eat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “just as people discern with their mouths the taste of their food”
34:4 v6hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive Let us choose justice for ourselves; let us know among ourselves what is good. 1 Elihu is using the pronoun **us** to refer to himself and to the “wise ones” whom he is addressing, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. (Even though Job is present and listening, Elihu is not addressing him, so Elihu is still saying **us** to include everyone whom he actually is addresing.)
34:4 k045 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns justice 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is just”
34:5 k046 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes For Job has said, ‘I am righteous, but God has taken away my justice. 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “For Job has said that he is righteous but God has taken away his justice”
34:5 k2e1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but God has taken away my justice 1 Elihu is saying that Job has spoken of **justice** as if it were an object that God had **taken away** from him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but God has not been just in the way that he has treated me”
34:6 k047 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Would I lie about my justice? My arrow is incurable, without transgression.’ 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “Job has said that he would not lie about his justice and that his arrow is incurable, without transgression”
34:6 k523 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Would I lie about my justice? 1 In this quotation by Elihu, Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I would not lie about my justice!”
34:6 k048 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Would I lie about my justice? 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I would not lie about whether I had done the right thing!”
34:6 i95p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My arrow 1 In this quotation by Elihu, Job is using the term **arrow** by association to mean a wound from an arrow. (Elihu is referring back to what Job said in [16:13](../0161/13.md) about God’s archers fatally wounding him with arrows.) If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “My wound”
34:6 k049 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis without transgression 1 In this quotation by Elihu, Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “even though I am without transgression”
34:7 nd2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What man {is} like Job? 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “There is no other person like Job!”
34:7 glm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He drinks scorn like water 1 Elihu is speaking as if Job literally drank **scorn** the way he would drink **water**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He indulges freely in making scornful statements”
34:8 j3zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns doers of iniquity & men of wickedness 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **iniquity** and **wickedness**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “people who do what is iniquitous … people who are wicked”
34:9 k050 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes For he has said, ‘It does not benefit a man when he delights himself with God.’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “For he has said that it does not benefit a person when he delights himself with God”
34:10 n22e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor men of heart 1 Here the **heart** figuratively represents understanding. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “men of understanding” or “you wise men”
34:10 meh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Sacrilege to God from wickedness, and Shaddai from iniquity 1 See how you translated the expression **Sacrilege to** in [27:5](../27/05.md). Alternate translation: “Far be it from God to do wickedness, and from Shaddai to do iniquity”
34:10 k051 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Sacrilege to God from wickedness, and Shaddai from iniquity 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Far be it from God to do wickedness, and far be it from Shaddai to do iniquity”
34:11 ia8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns he repays & he causes him to find 1 The pronoun **he** refers to God in both instances. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God repays … God causes him to find”
34:11 y31y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the deed of a man he repays to him 1 See how you translated the word “repay” in [21:19](../21/19.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God punishes a person for what he does”
34:11 k052 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and according to the path of a man 1 Elihu is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a **path** that the person was walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and based on how a person lives”
34:11 k053 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns he causes it to find him 1 Here, **it** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with an equivalent expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “God causes things to happen to him”
34:13 n1w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who appointed {him} over the earth? And who set all of it under him? 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “God did not need anyone to appoint him over the earth or to set all of the world under his dominion!”
34:13 k054 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis And who set the world, all of it 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And who set the world, all of it, under his dominion”
34:14 d4kx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor If he set his heart upon himself 1 Here the **heart** represents the thoughts and perceptions. Alternate translation: “If he considered only himself” or “If he thought only about himself”
34:14 t8rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit {if} he gathered his Spirit and his breath to himself, 1 As he did in [32:](../32/08.md), here Elihu is alluding to the way that God originally breathed the breath of life into humans. You could indicate that explicitly in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “if he withdrew his Spirit and the breath of life from humans”
34:15 lah1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all flesh 1 Elihu is using the term **flesh** by association to mean the creatures that God made, which generally have flesh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all creatures”
34:15 k055 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism would expire together 1 Elihu is using the word **expire** to mean “die.” This is a mild way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “would pass away together” or “would die at the same time”
34:15 tmc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit and man would return to the dust 1 Elihu does not mean that people would actively **return** to the **dust** on their own. Rather, as in [33:6](../33/06.md), he is referring to the way that God originally formed people from the dust of the earth, and he means that humans would die and their bodies would become dust again. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and people would die be buried and their bodies would decompose and become part of the dirt again”
34:16 lpb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular hear & listen 1 The imperatives **hear** and **listen** are singular because Elihu is now addressing Job directly. (He is marking a transition from addressing the other “wise ones” who are present by repeating those two terms, which he also used in verse 2.) So use singular imperative forms in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
34:16 h7bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis But if understanding 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “But if understanding is to you” or “But if you have understanding”
34:16 giw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy listen to the sound of my words 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he is about to say by using words. As in [33:8](../33/08.md), he may be referring to the **sound** of the words to mean the exact words, that is, exactly what he is going to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “listen to exactly what I am going to say”
34:17 rc4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will one hating justice indeed govern? If you will condemn the Righteous {One}, the Mighty {One}, 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. (The second question continues into the next two verses, but in many languages it will not be necessary to translate those verses differently except for the punctuation at the end of verse 19.) Alternate translation: “One hating justice will certainly not govern! You should not condemn the Righteous One, the Mighty One”
34:17 s1zl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom If you will condemn the Righteous {One}, the Mighty {One} 1 Elihu is using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If you decide to retain the question form, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “You will not condemn the Righteous One, the Mighty One, will you”
34:17 l8xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the Righteous {One}, the Mighty {One} 1 Elihu is using the adjectives **Righteous** and **Mighty** as nouns to mean a certain person, God, who possesses these qualities supremely. The ULT adds the word **One** in each case to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “God, who is supremely righteous and mighty”
34:18 n5xx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes the one saying ‘Worthless!’ to a king, ‘Wicked!' {to} nobles, 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “the one telling a king that he is worthless and telling nobles that they are wicked”
34:18 pa2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun to a king 1 Elihu is not referring to a specific **king**. He means kings in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “to kings”
34:19 k056 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom who does not lift the faces of princes 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:8](../13/08.md). Alternate translation: “who does not show favoritism to princes”
34:19 k057 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to the face of the poor 1 In this context, the phrase **to the face of** means “in front of” or “ahead of.” Alternate translation: “ahead of the poor” or “more than the poor”
34:19 k058 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the rich & the poor 1 Elihu is using the adjectives **rich** and **poor** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “rich people … poor people”
34:19 sj41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all of them {are} the work of his hands 1 Elihu is using one part of God, his **hands**, to mean all of him in the act of making people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he has made all of them”
34:19 k059 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion his hands 1 If you decided in verse 17 to use a statement or exclamation to translate the question that begins in the middle of that verse and continues to the end of this verse, remember to use the punctuation here that your language uses to mark the end of a statement or exclamation.
34:20 xkd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor {in} the middle of the night 1 Elihu is speaking as if what he is describing generally happens to people literally **in the middle of the night**. He means that it happens suddenly and unexpectedly, as if it happened at the time when people are usuallly asleep. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “suddenly and unexpectedly”
34:20 yx7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive people are shaken 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God shakes people”
34:20 nq3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism and they pass 1 Elihu is using the word **pass** to mean “die.” This is a mild or poetic way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “and they depart” or “and they die”
34:20 k060 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns and they take away the mighty 1 Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “and the mighty are taken away”
34:20 k061 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the mighty 1 Elihu is using the adjective **mighty** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “even the person who is mighty”
34:20 dsu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche not by a hand 1 Elihu is using one part of a human being, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of potentially taking away a mighty person (although Elihu says that no person actually does this). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “not by a human being”
34:21 k062 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns his eyes … and he sees 1 The first instance of the pronoun **his** and the pronoun **he** refer to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God’s eyes …; yes, God sees”
34:21 syl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his eyes are upon 1 Elihu is using one part of God, his **eyes**, to mean all of him in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he looks upon”
34:21 wn28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the ways of a man, and he sees all of his steps 1 Elihu is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a **way** or path that the person was taking **steps** along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “how a person lives, and he sees everything that he does”
34:22 em2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet There is no darkness and there is no deep darkness 1 The terms **darkness** and **deep darkness** mean similar things. Elihu is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “There is no darkness at all”
34:22 k063 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive to be hidden 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to hide themselves”
34:23 k064 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis he does not set upon a man 1 As Job does in [23:6](../23/06.md), here Elihu is leaving out some of the words of a certain Hebrew expression that occurs in full form in other places in the book. See how you translated the expression “set upon” in [23:6](../23/06.md). Alternate translation: “God does not set his heart upon a person” or “God does not consider a person”
34:23 dy7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis to go to God for judgment 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “so there is no need for any person to go to him for judgment”
34:24 hwl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He shatters the mighty 1 Elihu is speaking as if God literally **shatters** mighty people or breaks them into pieces. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He punishes mighty people by taking away their power and influence”
34:24 k065 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the mighty 1 Elihu is using the adjective **mighty** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “mighty people”
34:24 nyi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns {with} no investigation 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **investigation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “without needing to investigate how they have been living”
34:25 z5n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he overthrows them & and they are crushed 1 Elihu is speaking as if God literally **overthrows** mighty people who do wrong, that is, as if God throws them down onto the ground. Elihu is also speaking as if God literally crushes these people, that is, breaks them into small pieces. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he takes away their power and influence … and they are destroyed”
34:25 hq7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the night 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “in the middle of the night” in verse 20. Alternate translation: “suddenly and unexpectedly”
34:25 rxl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive and they are crushed 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he crushes them”
34:26 mwg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit their wickednesses 1 Elihu is using a plural form to indicate that these mighty people whom God judges are guilty of wickedness to a great degree. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “their great wickedness”
34:27 af3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they turned from after him 1 Elihu is speaking as if these wicked mighty people were literally walking behind God but then **turned** away to walk in a different direction from his. He means that they stopped obeying God’s commandments. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they stopped obeying God’s commandments”
34:27 mv8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and they did not consider any of his ways 1 Elihu is speaking of how God wants people to live as if that were a series of **ways** or paths that God wants people to walk along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they did not respect the manner in which God wants people to live”
34:28 d5r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result to cause the cry of the poor to come to him 1 In the first part of this verse, Elihu is indicating the result of what he described in the previous verse, wicked people not obeying God’s commandments or respecting the way God wants people to live. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly in your translation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “As a result, they caused the cry of the poor to come to God”
34:28 k066 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the poor & the afflicted 1 Elihu is using the adjectives **poor** and **afflicted** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “poor people … afflicted people”
34:28 k067 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom and he heard 1 Elihu is using the term **hear** in a specific sense to mean “answer.” Alternate translation: “and God answered”
34:29 k61c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If he is silent, then who will condemn {him}? If he hides {his} face, then who will perceive him? 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “Even if God is silent, no one can condemn him. If God hides his face, no one can perceive him”
34:29 w485 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his face 1 Elihu is using one part of God, his **face**, to mean all of him in the act of hiding himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “himself”
34:29 j5ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor {he is} over a nation and over a man alike 1 Elihu is describing God as **over** or spatially above each **nation** and **man** (person) in order to indicate that God rules them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he rules both individual nations and individual persons”
34:30 n7qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis from the reigning of a godless man 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to protect a nation from the reigning of a godless man” or “to keep a godless person from reigning over a nation”
34:30 k068 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from snares of the people 1 Elihu is speaking as if the **people** of a nation would literally be caught in **snares** or traps if a godless person became their ruler. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to keep people from being oppressed”
34:31 k069 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes If one says to God, ‘I have borne, I will not offend, 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “If one says to God that he has borne but he will no longer offend”
34:31 k070 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo If one says to God 1 Elihu is suggesting a hypothetical situation in order to illustrate a point. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone said to God”
34:31 k071 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis I have borne 1 The speaker in this hypothetical situation is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I have borne punishment for my sin”
34:32 u6ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes besides [what] I see, you teach me; if I have done iniquity, I will not continue,’ 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “if he asks God to teach him what he cannot see, and if he says that if he has done iniquity, he will not continue”
34:32 k072 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo besides [what] I see, you teach me; if I have done iniquity, I will not continue,’ 1 This verse continues the hypothetical situation that Elihu is suggesting in order to illustrate a point. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “And suppose that person asked God to teach him what he could not see, and suppose he told God that if he had done iniquity, he would not continue.”
34:32 k073 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns you teach me 1 For emphasis, Elihu is stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **teach**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “please teach me”
34:33 px78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from with you will he repay it? 1 Elihu is using the expression **from with you** to refer, while addressing Job, to the perspective that Job has been expressing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will God still punish that repentant person, as you have been saying he would”
34:33 kc72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo from with you will he repay it? 1 This is the end of the hypothetical situation that Elihu has been suggesting in order to illustrate a point. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Then, in your opinion, would God still punish that person”
34:33 xdv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will he repay it 1 See how you translated the word “repay” in verse 11. Alternate translation: “will he still punish the person for having done wrong”
34:33 nw6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis you despise 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “you belittle what we have been saying about how God deals with people”
34:34 k074 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Men of heart 1 See how you translated the same expression in verse 10. Alternate translation: “Men of understanding”
34:34 k075 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns and a man of wisdom 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and any wise person”
34:34 qbs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis hearing me 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “hearing me will also say to me”
34:35 k076 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes ‘Job does not speak with knowledge, and his words {are} not with understanding.’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation, with no comma at the end of verse 34: “that Job does not speak with knowledge and that his words are without understanding”
34:35 k077 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns with knowledge 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **knowledg**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “knowledgably”
34:35 k078 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and his words {are} not with understanding 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and what he says is not with understanding”
34:35 k079 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns and his words {are} not with understanding 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **understanding**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and he does not really understand what he is talking about”
34:36 znm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Job were tested 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God would test Job” or “God would put Job on trial”
34:36 w7eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom upon {his} answers among men of iniquity 1 Elihu is using the word **among** in a sense that suggests that one thing is associated with another. He means that Job responds in a way associated with **men of iniquity**, as if he were such a person himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because he answers as men of iniquity would”
34:37 fm5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction he claps 1 As in [27:23](../27/23.md), here clapping one’s hands is a symbolic action that expresses derision. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “he claps his hands derisively”
34:37 g7nc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy and he multiplies his words against God 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he says more and more things against God”
34:1 h9vc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys וַ⁠יַּ֥עַן אֱלִיה֗וּא וַ⁠יֹּאמַֽר 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **answered** tells for what purpose a person **said** something. In this case, Elihu said more things in light of what he had already said and thus, in a sense, in answer to them. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “And Elihu said further, in light of what he had already said”
34:2 k8a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִלָּ֑⁠י 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he is about to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what I have to say”
34:2 zux7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj חֲכָמִ֣ים 1 Elihu is using the adjective **wise** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. (The ULT adds the word **ones** to show this.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “you who are wise”
34:3 ln8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן וְ֝⁠חֵ֗ךְ יִטְעַ֥ם לֶ⁠אֱכֹֽל 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, Elihu is using the same phrase that Job used to tell his friends in [12:11](../12/11.md) that he had considered and rejected their perspective. Elihu is quoting Job in order to tell him that, for his part, he has considered Job’s perspective and rejected it. To help your readers recognize this, you may wish to use the same language in your translation here as you did in [12:11](../12/11.md).
34:3 k040 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן וְ֝⁠חֵ֗ךְ יִטְעַ֥ם לֶ⁠אֱכֹֽל 1 Elihu is using the word **and** to indicate that the phrase it introduces is just as true as the previous phrase. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “the ear tests words, just as the palate tastes food”
34:3 k041 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן וְ֝⁠חֵ֗ךְ יִטְעַ֥ם לֶ⁠אֱכֹֽל 1 Elihu is speaking of the **ear** as if it could **test words** by itself. He is using the ear to represent hearing, and he means that people themselves test or consider the words of others when they hear them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people consider others’ words when they hear them, just as people discern with their mouths the taste of their food”
34:3 k043 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֹ֭זֶן מִלִּ֣ין תִּבְחָ֑ן וְ֝⁠חֵ֗ךְ יִטְעַ֥ם לֶ⁠אֱכֹֽל 1 Though Elihu is making a general statement, he is referring implicitly to what Job has said and what he has decided about it. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I have heard what Job has said and I have considered it and decided that it is not true, just as people discern with their mouths the taste of their food”
34:3 k042 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִלִּ֣ין 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what people say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what people say”
34:3 k044 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ֝⁠חֵ֗ךְ יִטְעַ֥ם לֶ⁠אֱכֹֽל 1 Elihu is speaking of the **palate** or mouth as if it could **taste** by itself. He means that with their mouths, people discern the taste of the food that they eat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “just as people discern with their mouths the taste of their food”
34:4 v6hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive מִשְׁפָּ֥ט נִבְחֲרָה־לָּ֑⁠נוּ נֵדְעָ֖ה בֵינֵ֣י⁠נוּ מַה־טּֽוֹב 1 Elihu is using the pronoun **us** to refer to himself and to the “wise ones” whom he is addressing, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. (Even though Job is present and listening, Elihu is not addressing him, so Elihu is still saying **us** to include everyone whom he actually is addressing.)
34:4 k045 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִשְׁפָּ֥ט 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what is just”
34:5 k046 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כִּֽי־אָ֭מַר אִיּ֣וֹב צָדַ֑קְתִּי וְ֝⁠אֵ֗ל הֵסִ֥יר מִשְׁפָּטִֽ⁠י 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “For Job has said that he is righteous but God has taken away his justice”
34:5 k2e1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠אֵ֗ל הֵסִ֥יר מִשְׁפָּטִֽ⁠י 1 Elihu is saying that Job has spoken of **justice** as if it were an object that God had **taken away** from him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but God has not been just in the way that he has treated me”
34:6 k047 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes עַל־מִשְׁפָּטִ֥⁠י אֲכַזֵּ֑ב אָנ֖וּשׁ חִצִּ֣⁠י בְלִי־פָֽשַׁע 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “Job has said that he would not lie about his justice and that his arrow is incurable, without transgression”
34:6 k523 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion עַל־מִשְׁפָּטִ֥⁠י אֲכַזֵּ֑ב 1 In this quotation by Elihu, Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I would not lie about my justice!”
34:6 k048 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עַל־מִשְׁפָּטִ֥⁠י אֲכַזֵּ֑ב 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I would not lie about whether I had done the right thing!”
34:6 i95p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חִצִּ֣⁠י 1 In this quotation by Elihu, Job is using the term **arrow** by association to mean a wound from an arrow. (Elihu is referring back to what Job said in [16:13](../0161/13.md) about God’s archers fatally wounding him with arrows.) If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “My wound”
34:6 k049 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis בְלִי־פָֽשַׁע 1 In this quotation by Elihu, Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “even though I am without transgression”
34:7 nd2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִי־גֶ֥בֶר כְּ⁠אִיּ֑וֹב 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “There is no other person like Job!”
34:7 glm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִֽשְׁתֶּה־לַּ֥עַג כַּ⁠מָּֽיִם 1 Elihu is speaking as if Job literally drank **scorn** the way he would drink **water**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He indulges freely in making scornful statements”
34:8 j3zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן & אַנְשֵׁי־רֶֽשַׁע 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **iniquity** and **wickedness**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “people who do what is iniquitous … people who are wicked”
34:9 k050 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כִּֽי־אָ֭מַר לֹ֣א יִסְכָּן־גָּ֑בֶר בִּ֝⁠רְצֹת֗⁠וֹ עִם־אֱלֹהִֽים 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “For he has said that it does not benefit a person when he delights himself with God”
34:10 n22e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַ֥נֲשֵׁ֥י לֵבָ֗ב 1 Here the **heart** figuratively represents understanding. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “men of understanding” or “you wise men”
34:10 meh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom חָלִ֖לָ⁠ה לָ⁠אֵ֥ל מֵ⁠רֶ֗שַׁע וְ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י מֵ⁠עָֽוֶל 1 See how you translated the expression **Sacrilege to** in [27:5](../27/05.md). Alternate translation: “Far be it from God to do wickedness, and from Shaddai to do iniquity”
34:10 k051 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis חָלִ֖לָ⁠ה לָ⁠אֵ֥ל מֵ⁠רֶ֗שַׁע וְ⁠שַׁדַּ֥י מֵ⁠עָֽוֶל 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Far be it from God to do wickedness, and far be it from Shaddai to do iniquity”
34:11 ia8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יְשַׁלֶּם & יַמְצִאֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 The pronoun **he** refers to God in both instances. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God repays … God causes it to find him”
34:11 y31y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom פֹ֣עַל אָ֭דָם יְשַׁלֶּם־ל֑⁠וֹ 1 See how you translated the word “repay” in [21:19](../21/19.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God punishes a person for what he does”
34:11 k052 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּֽ⁠כְ⁠אֹ֥רַח אִ֝֗ישׁ 1 Elihu is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a **path** that the person was walking along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and based on how a person lives”
34:11 k053 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יַמְצִאֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **it** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with an equivalent expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “God causes things to happen to him”
34:13 n1w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִֽי־פָקַ֣ד עָלָ֣י⁠ו אָ֑רְצָ⁠ה וּ⁠מִ֥י שָׂ֝֗ם תֵּבֵ֥ל כֻּלָּֽ⁠הּ 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “God did not need anyone to appoint him over the earth or to set all of the world under his dominion!”
34:13 k054 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ⁠מִ֥י שָׂ֝֗ם תֵּבֵ֥ל כֻּלָּֽ⁠הּ 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And who set the world, all of it, under his dominion”
34:14 d4kx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אִם־יָשִׂ֣ים אֵלָ֣י⁠ו לִבּ֑⁠וֹ 1 Here the **heart** represents the thoughts and perceptions. Alternate translation: “If he considered only himself” or “If he thought only about himself”
34:14 t8rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רוּח֥⁠וֹ וְ֝⁠נִשְׁמָת֗⁠וֹ אֵלָ֥י⁠ו יֶאֱסֹֽף 1 As he did in [32:](../32/08.md), here Elihu is alluding to the way that God originally breathed the breath of life into humans. You could indicate that explicitly in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “if he withdrew his Spirit and the breath of life from humans”
34:15 lah1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּל־בָּשָׂ֣ר 1 Elihu is using the term **flesh** by association to mean the creatures that God made, which generally have flesh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all creatures”
34:15 k055 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism יִגְוַ֣ע & יָ֑חַד 1 Elihu is using the word **expire** to mean “die.” This is a mild way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “would pass away together” or “would die at the same time”
34:15 tmc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם עַל־עָפָ֥ר יָשֽׁוּב 1 Elihu does not mean that people would actively **return** to the **dust** on their own. Rather, as in [33:6](../33/06.md), he is referring to the way that God originally formed people from the dust of the earth, and he means that humans would die and their bodies would become dust again. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and people would die be buried and their bodies would decompose and become part of the dirt again”
34:16 h7bg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אִם־בִּ֥ינָה 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “But if understanding is to you” or “But if you have understanding”
34:16 lpb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular שִׁמְעָ⁠ה & הַ֝אֲזִ֗ינָ⁠ה 1 The imperatives **hear** and **listen** are singular because Elihu is now addressing Job directly. (He is marking a transition from addressing the other “wise ones” who are present by repeating those two terms, which he also used in verse 2.) So use singular imperative forms in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
34:16 giw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הַ֝אֲזִ֗ינָ⁠ה לְ⁠ק֣וֹל מִלָּֽ⁠י 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he is about to say by using words. As in [33:8](../33/08.md), he may be referring to the **sound** of the words to mean the exact words, that is, exactly what he is going to say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “listen to exactly what I am going to say”
34:17 rc4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַ⁠אַ֬ף שׂוֹנֵ֣א מִשְׁפָּ֣ט יַחֲב֑וֹשׁ וְ⁠אִם־צַדִּ֖יק כַּבִּ֣יר תַּרְשִֽׁיעַ 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. (The second question continues into the next two verses, but in many languages it will not be necessary to translate those verses differently except for the punctuation at the end of verse 19.) Alternate translation: “One hating justice will certainly not govern! No, you should not condemn the Righteous One, the Mighty One”
34:17 s1zl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠אִם־צַדִּ֖יק כַּבִּ֣יר תַּרְשִֽׁיעַ 1 Elihu is using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If you decide to retain the question form, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “And you will not condemn the Righteous One, the Mighty One, will you”
34:17 l8xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj צַדִּ֖יק כַּבִּ֣יר 1 Elihu is using the adjectives **Righteous** and **Mighty** as nouns to mean a certain person, God, who possesses these qualities supremely. The ULT adds the word **One** in each case to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “God, who is supremely righteous and mighty”
34:18 n5xx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הַ⁠אֲמֹ֣ר לְ⁠מֶ֣לֶךְ בְּלִיָּ֑עַל רָ֝שָׁ֗ע אֶל־נְדִיבִֽים 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “the one telling a king that he is worthless and telling nobles that they are wicked”
34:18 pa2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לְ⁠מֶ֣לֶךְ 1 Elihu is not referring to a specific **king**. He means kings in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “to kings”
34:19 k056 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־נָשָׂ֨א ׀ פְּנֵ֥י שָׂרִ֗ים 1 See how you translated the similar expression in [13:8](../13/08.md). Alternate translation: “who does not show favoritism to princes”
34:19 k057 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠פְנֵי־דָ֑ל 1 In this context, the phrase **to the face of** means “in front of” or “ahead of.” Alternate translation: “ahead of the poor” or “more than the poor”
34:19 k058 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj שׁ֭וֹעַ & דָ֑ל 1 Elihu is using the adjectives **rich** and **poor** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “rich people … poor people”
34:19 sj41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יָדָ֣י⁠ו כֻּלָּֽ⁠ם 1 Elihu is using one part of God, his **hands**, to mean all of him in the act of making people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he has made all of them”
34:19 k059 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion יָדָ֣י⁠ו 1 If you decided in verse 17 to use a statement or exclamation to translate the question that begins in the middle of that verse and continues to the end of this verse, remember to use the punctuation here that your language uses to mark the end of a statement or exclamation.
34:20 xkd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠חֲצ֪וֹת לָ֥יְלָה 1 Elihu is speaking as if what he is describing generally happens to people literally **in the middle of the night**. He means that it happens suddenly and unexpectedly, as if it happened at the time when people are usually asleep. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and suddenly and unexpectedly”
34:20 yx7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יְגֹעֲשׁ֣וּ עָ֣ם 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God shakes people”
34:20 nq3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְ⁠יַעֲבֹ֑רוּ 1 Elihu is using the word **pass** to mean “die.” This is a mild or poetic way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you can use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “and they depart” or “and they die”
34:20 k060 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠יָסִ֥ירוּ אַ֝בִּ֗יר 1 Here, **they** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this with a different expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “and the mighty are taken away”
34:20 k061 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj אַ֝בִּ֗יר 1 Elihu is using the adjective **mighty** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “even the person who is mighty”
34:20 dsu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֹ֣א בְ⁠יָֽד 1 Elihu is using one part of a human being, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of potentially taking away a mighty person (although Elihu says that no person actually does this). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “not by a human being”
34:21 k062 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עֵ֭ינָי⁠ו & יִרְאֶֽה 1 The first instance of the pronoun **his** and the pronoun **he** refer to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God’s eyes … God sees”
34:21 syl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵ֭ינָי⁠ו עַל 1 Elihu is using one part of God, his **eyes**, to mean all of him in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he looks upon”
34:21 wn28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דַּרְכֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְֽ⁠כָל־צְעָדָ֥י⁠ו 1 Elihu is speaking of how a person lives as if that were a **way** or path that the person was taking **steps** along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “how a person lives, and … everything that he does”
34:22 em2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet אֵֽין־חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וְ⁠אֵ֣ין צַלְמָ֑וֶת 1 The terms **darkness** and **deep darkness** mean similar things. Elihu is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “There is no darkness at all”
34:22 k063 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לְ⁠הִסָּ֥תֶר & פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the doers of iniquity to hide themselves”
34:23 k064 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לֹ֣א עַל־אִ֭ישׁ יָשִׂ֣ים 1 As Job does in [23:6](../23/06.md), here Elihu is leaving out some of the words of a certain Hebrew expression that occurs in full form in other places in the book. See how you translated the expression “set upon” in [23:6](../23/06.md). Alternate translation: “God does not set his heart upon a person” or “God does not consider a person”
34:23 dy7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לַ⁠הֲלֹ֥ךְ אֶל־אֵ֝֗ל בַּ⁠מִּשְׁפָּֽט 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “so there is no need for any person to go to him for judgment”
34:24 hwl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָרֹ֣עַ כַּבִּירִ֣ים 1 Elihu is speaking as if God literally **shatters** mighty people or breaks them into pieces. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He punishes mighty people by taking away their power and influence”
34:24 k065 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj כַּבִּירִ֣ים 1 Elihu is using the adjective **mighty** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “mighty people”
34:24 nyi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לֹא־חֵ֑קֶר 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **investigation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “without needing to investigate how they have been living”
34:25 z5n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠הָ֥פַךְ & וְ⁠יִדַּכָּֽאוּ 1 Elihu is speaking as if God literally **overthrows** mighty people who do wrong, that is, as if God throws them down onto the ground. Elihu is also speaking as if God literally crushes these people, that is, breaks them into small pieces. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he takes away their power and influence … and they are destroyed”
34:25 hq7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ֝֗יְלָה 1 See how you translated the similar phrase “in the middle of the night” in verse 20. Alternate translation: “suddenly and unexpectedly”
34:25 rxl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְ⁠יִדַּכָּֽאוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and he crushes them”
34:26 mwg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רְשָׁעִ֥ים 1 Elihu is using a plural form to indicate that these mighty people whom God judges are guilty of wickedness to a great degree. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the meaning in another way. Alternate translation: “their great wickedness”
34:27 af3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סָ֣רוּ מֵֽ⁠אַחֲרָ֑י⁠ו 1 Elihu is speaking as if these wicked mighty people were literally walking behind God but then **turned** away to walk in a different direction from his. He means that they stopped obeying God’s commandments. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they stopped obeying God’s commandments”
34:27 mv8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠כָל־דְּ֝רָכָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א הִשְׂכִּֽילוּ 1 Elihu is speaking of how God wants people to live as if that were a series of **ways** or paths that God wants people to walk along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they did not respect the manner in which God wants people to live”
34:28 d5r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְ⁠הָבִ֣יא עָ֭לָי⁠ו צַֽעֲקַת־דָּ֑ל 1 In the first part of this verse, Elihu is indicating the result of what he described in the previous verse, wicked people not obeying God’s commandments or respecting the way God wants people to live. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this explicitly in your translation. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “As a result, they caused the cry of the poor to come to God”
34:28 k066 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj דָּ֑ל & עֲנִיִּ֣ים 1 Elihu is using the adjectives **poor** and **afflicted** as nouns to mean certain kinds of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate these words with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “poor people … afflicted people”
34:28 k067 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יִשְׁמָֽע 1 Elihu is using the term **heard** in a specific sense to mean “answered.” Alternate translation: “God answered”
34:29 k61c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְ⁠ה֤וּא יַשְׁקִ֨ט ׀ וּ⁠מִ֥י יַרְשִׁ֗עַ וְ⁠יַסְתֵּ֣ר פָּ֭נִים וּ⁠מִ֣י יְשׁוּרֶ֑⁠נּוּ 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “Even if God is silent, no one can condemn him. If God hides his face, no one can perceive him”
34:29 w485 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche פָּ֭נִים 1 Elihu is using one part of God, his **face**, to mean all of him in the act of hiding himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “himself”
34:29 j5ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠עַל־גּ֖וֹי וְ⁠עַל־אָדָ֣ם יָֽחַד 1 Elihu is describing God as **over** or spatially above each **nation** and **man** (person) in order to indicate that God rules them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yet he rules both individual nations and individual persons”
34:30 n7qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִ֭⁠מְּלֹךְ אָדָ֥ם חָנֵ֗ף 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to protect a nation from the reigning of a godless man” or “to keep a godless person from reigning over a nation”
34:30 k068 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠מֹּ֥קְשֵׁי עָֽם 1 Elihu is speaking as if the **people** of a nation would literally be caught in **snares** or traps if a godless person became their ruler. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to keep people from being oppressed”
34:31 k069 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כִּֽי־אֶל־אֵ֭ל הֶ⁠אָמַ֥ר נָשָׂ֗אתִי לֹ֣א אֶחְבֹּֽל 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “If one says to God that he has borne but he will no longer offend”
34:31 k070 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo כִּֽי־אֶל־אֵ֭ל הֶ⁠אָמַ֥ר 1 Elihu is suggesting a hypothetical situation in order to illustrate a point. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone said to God”
34:31 k071 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis נָשָׂ֗אתִי 1 The speaker in this hypothetical situation is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I have borne punishment for my sin”
34:32 u6ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes בִּלְעֲדֵ֣י אֶ֭חֱזֶה אַתָּ֣ה הֹרֵ֑⁠נִי אִֽם־עָ֥וֶל פָּ֝עַ֗לְתִּי לֹ֣א אֹסִֽיף 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “if he asks God to teach him what he cannot see, and if he says that if he has done iniquity, he will not continue”
34:32 k072 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo בִּלְעֲדֵ֣י אֶ֭חֱזֶה אַתָּ֣ה הֹרֵ֑⁠נִי אִֽם־עָ֥וֶל פָּ֝עַ֗לְתִּי לֹ֣א אֹסִֽיף 1 This verse continues the hypothetical situation that Elihu is suggesting in order to illustrate a point. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “And suppose that person asked God to teach him what he could not see, and suppose he told God that if he had done iniquity, he would not continue.”
34:32 k073 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַתָּ֣ה הֹרֵ֑⁠נִי 1 For emphasis, Elihu is stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **teach**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “please teach me”
34:33 px78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַֽ⁠מֵ⁠עִמְּ⁠ךָ֬ יְשַׁלְמֶ֨⁠נָּה 1 Elihu is using the expression **from with you** to refer, while addressing Job, to the perspective that Job has been expressing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will God still punish that repentant person, as you have been saying he would”
34:33 kc72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo הַֽ⁠מֵ⁠עִמְּ⁠ךָ֬ יְשַׁלְמֶ֨⁠נָּה 1 This is the end of the hypothetical situation that Elihu has been suggesting in order to illustrate a point. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Then, in your opinion, would God still punish that person”
34:33 xdv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יְשַׁלְמֶ֨⁠נָּה 1 See how you translated the word “repay” in verse 11. Alternate translation: “will he still punish the person for having done wrong”
34:33 nw6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מָאַ֗סְתָּ 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “you belittle what we have been saying about how God deals with people”
34:34 k074 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַנְשֵׁ֣י לֵ֭בָב 1 See how you translated the same expression in verse 10. Alternate translation: “Men of understanding”
34:34 k075 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠גֶ֥בֶר חָ֝כָ֗ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and any wise person”
34:34 qbs3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis שֹׁמֵ֥עַֽ לִֽ⁠י 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “hearing me will also say to me”
34:35 k076 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אִ֭יּוֹב לֹא־בְ⁠דַ֣עַת יְדַבֵּ֑ר וּ֝⁠דְבָרָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א בְ⁠הַשְׂכֵּֽיל 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation, with no comma at the end of verse 34: “that Job does not speak with knowledge and that his words are without understanding”
34:35 k077 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְ⁠דַ֣עַת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **knowledge**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “knowledgeably”
34:35 k078 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֝⁠דְבָרָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א בְ⁠הַשְׂכֵּֽיל 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and what he says is not with understanding”
34:35 k079 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝⁠דְבָרָ֗י⁠ו לֹ֣א בְ⁠הַשְׂכֵּֽיל 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **understanding**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and he does not really understand what he is talking about”
34:36 znm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִבָּחֵ֣ן אִיּ֣וֹב 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God would test Job” or “God would put Job on trial”
34:36 w7eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom עַל־תְּ֝שֻׁבֹ֗ת בְּ⁠אַנְשֵׁי־אָֽוֶן 1 Elihu is using the word **among** in a sense that suggests that one thing is associated with another. He means that Job responds in a way associated with **men of iniquity**, as if he were such a person himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because he answers as men of iniquity would”
34:37 fm5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction יִסְפּ֑וֹק 1 As in [27:23](../27/23.md), here clapping one’s hands is a symbolic action that expresses derision. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “he claps his hands derisively”
34:37 g7nc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠יֶ֖רֶב אֲמָרָ֣י⁠ו לָ⁠אֵֽל 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he says more and more things against God”
35:intro mfr6 0 # Job 35 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of Elihu’s speech. In this chapter, Elihu speaks primarily to Job, although in the last verse he speaks about Job to the others who are present.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Does God not benefit when humans do what is right?\n\nIn verses 6–8, Elihu tells Job that whether he is good or bad has no effect on God; that only affects other people. Elihu probably means that God does not owe Job anything for being good and that God does not have to defend himself against Job being bad. But if what Elihu says is taken in a general sense, then it does not express the full teaching of the Bible. Elsewhere the Bible says that God is delighted when people obey him and that God grieves when people sin, knowing the destructive effects that this will have. God is glorified when people acknowledge that humans flourish when they obey his commandments. Elihu, like Job’s friends, says things that are true to a certain extent but that do not fully express the counsel of God as found in the Bible as a whole.\n\n## Translation Issues in this Chapter\n\n### reference of “you” and “your”\n\nThroughout this chapter, Elihu uses the pronouns “you” and “your” to address Job individually, so use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction. In verse 3, in the quotation by Elihu, the pronoun “you” is also singular because Job is using it to address God.
35:1 k080 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys answered and said 1 See how you translated the same expression in [34:1](../34/01.md). Alternate translation: “responded”
35:2 s9jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you consider this to {be} justice? 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not consider this to be justice!”
35:2 g7jg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular Do you consider this to {be} justice? 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **you** is singular here and throughout the chapter because Elihu is addressing Job directly. So use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
35:2 yh9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Do you consider this to {be} justice? 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “You should not consider this a just thing to say!”
35:2 l3t8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes You say, ‘I am more righteous than God’! 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “You say that you are more righteous than God” or, since this is not a direct quote from Job, “You speak as if you are more righteous than God”
35:3 k081 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases For 1 Elihu is using the word **For** to introduce the reason why he said in the previous verse that Job claimed to be more righteous than God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “I say that because”
35:3 k082 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis you have said, ‘What does it benefit you? What do I gain more than my sin?’ 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “you have said to God, ‘What does it benefit you if I am righteous? What more do I gain by not sinning than if I do sin?’”
35:3 k083 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes you have said, ‘What does it benefit you? What do I gain more than my sin?’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you have asked God what it benefits him if you do not sin and what more you gain by not sinning than if you do sin”
35:3 w8qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What does it benefit you? What do I gain more than my sin? 1 In this quotation by Elihu, Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “It does not benefit you if I do not sin! I do not gain more by not sinning than if I do sin!”
35:3 k084 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular What does it benefit you? 1 The word **you** is singular here because in this quotation by Elihu, Job is addressing God directly. So use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
35:3 k085 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my sin 1 In this quotation by Elihu, Job is using the term **sin** by association to mean the act of sinning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if I had sinned”
35:4 k086 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will answer you {with} words 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he is going to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will speak in reply to you”
35:4 tp7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns I 1 For emphasis, Elihu is stating the pronoun **I**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **answer**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “I myself”
35:4 k087 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis and your friends with you 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and I will answer your friends with you”
35:5 k088 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Observe the heavens and see 1 The terms **Observe** and **see** mean similar things. Elihu is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Carefully observe the heavens”
35:5 k089 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the clouds soar above you 1 Elihu is saying implicitly that God is even higher above Job than the **heavens** and the **clouds**. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the clouds soar above you; God is even greater than that!”
35:6 t1v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If you sin, what do you accomplish against him? Or {if} your transgressions multiply, what do you do to him? 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “If you sin, you do not accomplish anything against God. If your transgressions multiply, you do not do anything to him.”
35:6 s7x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification your transgressions 1 Elihu is speaking of Job’s supposed **transgressions** as if they were living things that could **multiply** on their own. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you commit many transgressions”
35:7 m97k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If you are righteous, what do you give to him, or what does he receive from your hand? 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “If you are righteous, you do not give anything to God; he does not receive anything from your hand!”
35:7 i418 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche from your hand 1 Elihu is using one part of Job, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of potentially giving something to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from you”
35:8 fa27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations {is} to a son of man 1 See how you translated the expression “son of man” in [16:21](../16/21.md). Alternate translation: “is to a human being”
35:9 p9sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural From the multitude of oppressions 1 Elihu is using the plural form **oppressions** in a context where the singular term “oppression” would suffice. This suggests that he is using the plural form for emphasis. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Because of great oppression”
35:9 k090 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns they make a cry 1 The pronoun **they** refers to people generally. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “people cry out for justice”
35:9 zb6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from the arm of 1 Here, **arm** represents power, and in this context, the term indicates that **mighty** people are using their power to hurt others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because of the violence of”
35:9 k091 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the mighty 1 Elihu is using the adjective **mighty** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “mighty people”
35:10 k092 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes But one does not say, ‘Where is God my Maker, the one giving songs in the night, 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But one does not ask where God his Maker is, the one giving songs in the night”
35:10 k093 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Where is God my Maker 1 The expression **Where is** indicates a desire to know whether God will act. For example, in [2 Kings 2:14](../2ki/02/14.md), Elisha asks, “Where is Yahweh, the God of Elijah?” as he strikes the Jordan River with Elijah’s coat in order to part its waters so that he can walk across the riverbed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate the question as the expression of a wish. Alternate translation: “I wish that God my Maker would act on my behalf”
35:10 f89r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the one giving songs in the night 1 Here, **night** represents difficult circumstances, and **songs** represent the rejoicing of a person whom God has delivered. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one delivering people from difficult circumstances”
35:11 k094 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes the one teaching us more than the beasts of the earth, making us wiser than the birds of the heavens?’ 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “the one teaching people more than the beasts of the earth, making them wiser than the birds of the heavens.”
35:11 k095 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the one teaching us more than the beasts of the earth, making us wiser than the birds of the heavens?’ 1 In this quotation, the speaker describes **beasts** and **birds** as if they were living thing that God could teach and make wise. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one who gave us more understanding than the beasts of the earth and the birds of the heavens”
35:11 k096 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive the one teaching us & making us wiser 1 The speaker is using the pronoun **us** to mean people and thus to refer to himself and his listeners, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction.
35:12 xj4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor There 1 Elihu is speaking as if the troubles that people experience were a place that they were in. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “In their troubles,”
35:12 k097 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom from the face of 1 In this context, this expression means “because of.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because of”
35:12 k098 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj evil {ones} 1 Elihu is using the adjective **evil** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. The ULT adds the word **ones** to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “evil people”
35:13 k099 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns God does not hear vanity 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **vanity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Here the word **vanity** describes a cry to God for help that is insincere. The person asking for God’s help has not repented of the sins that have gotten him into trouble; he is still doing “evil,” as verse 12 indicates. Alternate translation: “God does not hear an insincere prayer for help”
35:13 k100 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom God does not hear vanity 1 Elihu is using the term **hear** in a specific sense to mean “answer.” Alternate translation: “God will not answer an insincere prayer for help”
35:13 k101 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism and Shaddai does not regard it 1 In this context, the word **regard** also means “answer.” Elihu is using both hearing and seeing in parallel statements to emphasize his point. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. (You could also combine both parts of this verse into a single statement, as the UST does.) Alternate translation: “no, Shaddai will not answer such a prayer”
35:14 di2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis How much less that 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “How much less will God answer your prayers, given that”
35:14 c513 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations you say you do not see him, the case {is} to his face, and you are waiting for him 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “you say, ‘I do not see him; the case is to his face, and I am waiting for him,’”
35:14 njy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the case {is} to his face 1 In this context, the phrase **to the face of** means “in front of.” This is likely a reference to the written documents that people in this culture prepared for legal proceedings, as a note to [31:35](../31/35.md) discusses. Job would be saying that his testimony was “in front of” God, that is, he had submitted it for God to read. Alternate translation: “you have submitted your case to him”
35:15 ub2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes and now that {in} his nose, he does not visit, and he does not take much notice of transgression! 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate the beginning of this indirect quotation as a direct quotation, you can also translate the continuation of the indirect quotation here as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “and also, ‘In his anger, he does not visit, and he does not take much notice of transgression’!”
35:15 kpu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he does not visit 1 As Job did in [31:14](../31/14.md), here Elihu is using the term **visit** in a particular sense. When applied to God, the term often indicates that God takes action in the life of a person or group, whether to help needy people or to punish guilty people. Here it has the latter sense. Alternate translation: “God does not punish people who are guilty of committing sin”
35:16 k102 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche So Job opens his mouth 1 Elihu is using the first part of the speaking process, opening one’s **mouth**, to mean the entire process of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So Job speaks”
35:16 k103 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns without knowledge 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **knowledge**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “without knowing what he is talking about”
35:16 ben3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he multiplies words 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he says many things”
35:1 k080 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys וַ⁠יַּ֥עַן & וַ⁠יֹּאמַֽר 1 See how you translated the same expression in [34:1](../34/01.md). Alternate translation: “And … responded”
35:2 s9jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ֭⁠זֹאת חָשַׁ֣בְתָּ לְ⁠מִשְׁפָּ֑ט 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should not consider this to be justice!”
35:2 g7jg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular הֲ֭⁠זֹאת חָשַׁ֣בְתָּ לְ⁠מִשְׁפָּ֑ט 1 As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, the word **you** is singular here and throughout the chapter because Elihu is addressing Job directly. So use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
35:2 yh9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns הֲ֭⁠זֹאת חָשַׁ֣בְתָּ לְ⁠מִשְׁפָּ֑ט 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **justice**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “You should not consider this a just thing to say!”
35:2 l3t8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אָ֝מַ֗רְתָּ צִדְקִ֥⁠י מֵ⁠אֵֽל 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “You say that you are more righteous than God” or, since this is not a direct quote from Job, “You speak as if you are more righteous than God”
35:3 k081 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּֽי 1 Elihu is using the word **For** to introduce the reason why he said in the previous verse that Job claimed to be more righteous than God. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “I say that because”
35:3 k082 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis תֹ֭אמַר מַה־יִּסְכָּן־לָ֑⁠ךְ מָֽה־אֹ֝עִ֗יל מֵֽ⁠חַטָּאתִֽ⁠י 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “you have said to God, ‘What does it benefit you if I am righteous? What more do I gain by not sinning than if I do sin?’”
35:3 k083 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes תֹ֭אמַר מַה־יִּסְכָּן־לָ֑⁠ךְ מָֽה־אֹ֝עִ֗יל מֵֽ⁠חַטָּאתִֽ⁠י 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “you have asked God what it benefits him if you do not sin and what more you gain by not sinning than if you do sin”
35:3 w8qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה־יִּסְכָּן־לָ֑⁠ךְ מָֽה־אֹ֝עִ֗יל מֵֽ⁠חַטָּאתִֽ⁠י 1 In this quotation by Elihu, Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “It does not benefit you if I do not sin! I do not gain more by not sinning than if I do sin!”
35:3 k084 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular מַה־יִּסְכָּן־לָ֑⁠ךְ 1 The word **you** is singular here because in this quotation by Elihu, Job is addressing God directly. So use the singular form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
35:3 k085 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מֵֽ⁠חַטָּאתִֽ⁠י 1 In this quotation by Elihu, Job is using the term **sin** by association to mean the act of sinning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “more than if I had sinned”
35:4 k086 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֲ֭נִי אֲשִֽׁיבְ⁠ךָ֣ מִלִּ֑ין 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what he is going to say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I will speak in reply to you”
35:4 tp7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֲ֭נִי 1 For emphasis, Elihu is stating the pronoun **I**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **answer**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “I myself”
35:4 k087 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְֽ⁠אֶת־רֵעֶ֥י⁠ךָ עִמָּֽ⁠ךְ 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and I will answer your friends with you”
35:5 k088 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הַבֵּ֣ט שָׁמַ֣יִם וּ⁠רְאֵ֑ה 1 The terms **Observe** and **see** mean similar things. Elihu is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Carefully observe the heavens”
35:5 k089 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שְׁ֝חָקִ֗ים גָּבְה֥וּ מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ 1 Elihu is saying implicitly that God is even higher above Job than the **heavens** and the **clouds**. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the clouds soar above you; God is even greater than that!”
35:6 t1v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִם־חָ֭טָאתָ מַה־תִּפְעָל־בּ֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠רַבּ֥וּ פְ֝שָׁעֶ֗י⁠ךָ מַה־תַּעֲשֶׂה־לּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “If you sin, you do not accomplish anything against God. If your transgressions multiply, you do not do anything to him.”
35:6 s7x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠רַבּ֥וּ פְ֝שָׁעֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 Elihu is speaking of Job’s supposed **transgressions** as if they were living things that could **multiply** on their own. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Or if you commit many transgressions”
35:7 m97k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אִם־צָ֭דַקְתָּ מַה־תִּתֶּן־ל֑⁠וֹ א֥וֹ מַה־מִ⁠יָּדְ⁠ךָ֥ יִקָּֽח 1 Elihu is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “If you are righteous, you do not give anything to God; he does not receive anything from your hand!”
35:7 i418 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִ⁠יָּדְ⁠ךָ֥ 1 Elihu is using one part of Job, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of potentially giving something to God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from you”
35:8 fa27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations וּ⁠לְ⁠בֶן־אָ֝דָ֗ם 1 See how you translated the expression “son of man” in [16:21](../16/21.md). Alternate translation: “and … is to a human being”
35:9 p9sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-plural מֵ֭⁠רֹב עֲשׁוּקִ֣ים 1 Elihu is using the plural form **oppressions** in a context where the singular term “oppression” would suffice. This suggests that he is using the plural form for emphasis. Your language may use plural forms in the same way. If not, you could express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “Because of great oppression”
35:9 k090 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יַזְעִ֑יקוּ 1 The pronoun **they** refers to people generally. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “people cry out for justice”
35:9 zb6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִ⁠זְּר֣וֹעַ 1 Here, **arm** represents power, and in this context, the term indicates that **mighty** people are using their power to hurt others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because of the violence of”
35:9 k091 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רַבִּֽים 1 Elihu is using the adjective **mighty** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “mighty people”
35:10 k092 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְֽ⁠לֹא־אָמַ֗ר אַ֭יֵּה אֱל֣וֹהַּ עֹשָׂ֑⁠י נֹתֵ֖ן זְמִר֣וֹת בַּ⁠לָּֽיְלָה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “But one does not ask where God his Maker is, the one giving songs in the night”
35:10 k093 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אַ֭יֵּה אֱל֣וֹהַּ עֹשָׂ֑⁠י 1 The expression **Where is** indicates a desire to know whether God will act. For example, in [2 Kings 2:14](../2ki/02/14.md), Elisha asks, “Where is Yahweh, the God of Elijah?” as he strikes the Jordan River with Elijah’s coat in order to part its waters so that he can walk across the riverbed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate the question as the expression of a wish. Alternate translation: “I wish that God my Maker would act on my behalf”
35:10 f89r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֹתֵ֖ן זְמִר֣וֹת בַּ⁠לָּֽיְלָה 1 Here, **night** represents difficult circumstances, and **songs** represent the rejoicing of a person whom God has delivered. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one delivering people from difficult circumstances”
35:11 k094 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes מַ֭לְּפֵ⁠נוּ מִ⁠בַּהֲמ֣וֹת אָ֑רֶץ וּ⁠מֵ⁠ע֖וֹף הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם יְחַכְּמֵֽ⁠נוּ 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “the one teaching people more than the beasts of the earth, making them wiser than the birds of the heavens.”
35:11 k095 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מַ֭לְּפֵ⁠נוּ מִ⁠בַּהֲמ֣וֹת אָ֑רֶץ וּ⁠מֵ⁠ע֖וֹף הַ⁠שָּׁמַ֣יִם יְחַכְּמֵֽ⁠נוּ 1 In this quotation, the speaker describes **beasts** and **birds** as if they were living thing that God could teach and make wise. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the one who gave us more understanding than the beasts of the earth and the birds of the heavens”
35:11 k096 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive מַ֭לְּפֵ⁠נוּ & יְחַכְּמֵֽ⁠נוּ 1 The speaker is using the pronoun **us** to mean people and thus to refer to himself and his listeners, so use the inclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction.
35:12 xj4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שָׁ֣ם 1 Elihu is speaking as if the troubles that people experience were a place that they were in. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “In their troubles,”
35:12 k097 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ֝⁠פְּנֵ֗י 1 In this context, this expression means “because of.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because of”
35:12 k098 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj רָעִֽים 1 Elihu is using the adjective **evil** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. The ULT adds the word **ones** to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “evil people”
35:13 k099 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שָׁ֭וְא לֹא־יִשְׁמַ֥ע ׀ אֵ֑ל 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **vanity**, you could express the same idea in another way. Here the word **vanity** describes a cry to God for help that is insincere. The person asking for God’s help has not repented of the sins that have gotten him into trouble; he is still doing “evil,” as verse 12 indicates. Alternate translation: “God does not hear an insincere prayer for help”
35:13 k100 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שָׁ֭וְא לֹא־יִשְׁמַ֥ע ׀ אֵ֑ל 1 Elihu is using the term **hear** in a specific sense to mean “answer.” Alternate translation: “God will not answer an insincere prayer for help”
35:13 k101 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְ֝⁠שַׁדַּ֗י לֹ֣א יְשׁוּרֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 In this context, the word **regard** also means “answer.” Elihu is using both hearing and seeing in parallel statements to emphasize his point. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. (You could also combine both parts of this verse into a single statement, as the UST does.) Alternate translation: “no, Shaddai will not answer such a prayer”
35:14 di2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַ֣ף כִּֽי 1 Elihu is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “How much less will God answer your prayers, given that”
35:14 c513 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations תֹ֭אמַר לֹ֣א תְשׁוּרֶ֑⁠נּוּ דִּ֥ין לְ֝⁠פָנָ֗י⁠ו וּ⁠תְח֥וֹלֵֽל לֽ⁠וֹ 1 It may be more natural in your language to have a direct quotation here. Alternate translation: “you say, ‘I do not see him; the case is to his face, and I am waiting for him,’”
35:14 njy6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דִּ֥ין לְ֝⁠פָנָ֗י⁠ו 1 In this context, the phrase **to the face of** means “in front of.” This is likely a reference to the written documents that people in this culture prepared for legal proceedings, as a note to [31:35](../31/35.md) discusses. Job would be saying that his testimony was “in front of” God, that is, he had submitted it for God to read. Alternate translation: “you have submitted your case to him”
35:15 ub2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ⁠עַתָּ֗ה כִּי־אַ֭יִן פָּקַ֣ד אַפּ֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע בַּ⁠פַּ֣שׁ מְאֹֽד 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate the beginning of this indirect quotation as a direct quotation, you can also translate the continuation of the indirect quotation here as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “and also, ‘In his anger, he does not visit, and he does not take much notice of transgression’!”
35:15 kpu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אַ֭יִן פָּקַ֣ד 1 As Job did in [31:14](../31/14.md), here Elihu is using the term **visit** in a particular sense. When applied to God, the term often indicates that God takes action in the life of a person or group, whether to help needy people or to punish guilty people. Here it has the latter sense. Alternate translation: “God does not punish people who are guilty of committing sin”
35:16 k102 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ֭⁠אִיּוֹב & יִפְצֶה־פִּ֑י⁠הוּ 1 Elihu is using the first part of the speaking process, opening one’s **mouth**, to mean the entire process of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So Job speaks”
35:16 k103 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בִּ⁠בְלִי־דַ֝֗עַת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **knowledge**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation, as in the UST: “without knowing what he is talking about”
35:16 ben3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִלִּ֥ין יַכְבִּֽר 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job has been saying by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he says many things”
36:intro pp2j 0 # Job 36 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nAccording to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the last of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s justice\nThis chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won’t always come in this life. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
36:2 h1hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will show you some things 0 Elihu speaks of explaining things to Job as if he were going to show those things to Job. Alternate translation: “I will explain some things to you”
36:3 c3pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will obtain my knowledge from far off 0 Elihu speaks of having knowledge of many different subjects as if it were getting his knowledge from far away places. Alternate translation: “I will show you my great knowledge”

Can't render this file because it is too large.