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Merge deferredreward-tc-create-1 into master by deferredreward (#3300)
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tn_GEN.tsv
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tn_GEN.tsv
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@ -1334,110 +1334,110 @@ front:intro d9wn 0 # Introduction to Genesis\n\n## Part 1: General Introducti
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11:32 ql8v וַיִּהְי֣וּ יְמֵי תֶ֔רַח חָמֵ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים וּמָאתַ֣יִם שָׁנָ֑ה 1 “Then many years later, when Terah was 205 years old,” or “When Terah reached the age of 205 years,”
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11:32 b8e1 וַיָּ֥מָת תֶּ֖רַח 1 “he died there”
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11:32 t1h0 בְּחָרָֽן 1 “in the city of Haran.” or “in Haran City.”
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12:1 lkpd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל אַבְרָ֔ם 1 Consider what is the best way to begin this new section in your language. Also, make sure that the way you translate this quote margin fits with what Yahweh says in the following quote. Alternate translation: “Then one day Yahweh told Abram,”
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12:1 lkpd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל אַבְרָ֔ם 1 Consider what is the best way to begin this new section in your language. Also, make sure that the way you translate this quote margin fits with what Yahweh says in the following quote. Alternate translation: “Then one day Yahweh told Abram”
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12:1 rqtx לֶךְ לְךָ֛ מֵאַרְצְךָ֥ 1 Alternate translation: “Get yourself away from your homeland” or “You must move away from your homeland” or “You must leave behind the land where you are living”
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12:1 ya2a וּמִמּֽוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖ 1 Alternate translation: “and your relatives,”
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12:1 pxeg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּמִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ 1 The phrase “the house” refers here to everyone who was a member of Terah’s household. Alternate translation: “including your father’s household,”
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12:1 ya2a וּמִמּֽוֹלַדְתְּךָ֖ 1 Alternate translation: “and your relatives”
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12:1 pxeg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּמִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יךָ 1 The phrase **the house** refers here to everyone who was a member of Terah’s household. Alternate translation: “including your father’s household”
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12:1 sr9w אֶל הָאָ֖רֶץ 1 Alternate translation: “and go to the land”
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12:1 b0dh אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַרְאֶֽךָּ 1 Alternate translation: “that I will guide you to.”
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12:1 b0dh אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַרְאֶֽךָּ 1 Alternate translation: “that I will guide you to”
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12:2 vjs1 וְאֶֽעֶשְׂךָ֙ 1 Alternate translation: “I will make you and your descendants become” or “I will make you the father of”
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12:2 is7x לְג֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל 1 Alternate translation: “an important people group,” or “a large, important people group,”
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12:2 kyvt וַאֲבָ֣רֶכְךָ֔ 1 See how you translated “blessed” in Gen 1:22, 28. It may be necessary to translate this term in different ways, depending on the context. Alternate translation: “and I will bless you and them.” or “and I will cause you all to prosper.”
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12:2 y893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַאֲגַדְּלָ֖ה שְׁמֶ֑ךָ 1 Consider what is the best way to translate this idiom in your language. Also consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “I will make you important and well-known,”
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12:2 xnwh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וֶהְיֵ֖ה בְּרָכָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “and you will be a blessing to many people.” or “and you and your descendants will bless many people.” or “and I will use you and your descendants to bless many people.”
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12:3 ma8p וַאֲבָֽרֲכָה֙ מְבָ֣רְכֶ֔יךָ 1 Alternate translation: “I will bless everyone who blesses you,”
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12:2 is7x לְג֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל 1 Alternate translation: “an important people group” or “a large, important people group”
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12:2 kyvt וַאֲבָ֣רֶכְךָ֔ 1 See how you translated “blessed” in [Genesis 1:22](../01/22.md), 28. It may be necessary to translate this term in different ways, depending on the context. Alternate translation: “and I will bless you and them” or “and I will cause you all to prosper”
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12:2 y893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַאֲגַדְּלָ֖ה שְׁמֶ֑ךָ 1 Consider what is the best way to translate this idiom in your language. Also consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “I will make you important and well-known”
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12:2 xnwh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וֶהְיֵ֖ה בְּרָכָֽה 1 Alternate translation: “and you will be a blessing to many people” or “and you and your descendants will bless many people” or “and I will use you and your descendants to bless many people”
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12:3 ma8p וַאֲבָֽרֲכָה֙ מְבָ֣רְכֶ֔יךָ 1 Alternate translation: “I will bless everyone who blesses you”
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12:3 zjl7 וּמְקַלֶּלְךָ֖ אָאֹ֑ר 1 See how you translated “curse” in Gen 8:21. Alternate translation: “but I will curse anyone who curses you.”
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12:3 yvsd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְךָ֔ 1 This phrase refers to Abram and his descendants, including ultimately the Messiah. In other words, God’s promise in this verse is part of his wonderful news (the Gospel message) for all people (Galatians 3:8-9) and is a prophecy about the Messiah, who was one of Abraham’s descendants (Matthew 1:1, Genesis 22:18, Galatians 3:16). God blessed all people on earth by sending his Son Jesus (the Messiah) to die in their place and pay for all their sins (John 3:16-18, 1 Timothy 2:3-6), so that they could have a close relationship with him and be part of his family forever. God repeats this great promise in Genesis 18:18; 22:18; 26:4; 28:14. You could put some of that information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “Through you and your offspring” or “Because of you and your offspring” or “By means of you and your offspring”.
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12:3 yt58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִבְרְכ֣וּ & כֹּ֖ל מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הָאֲדָמָֽה 1 Consider what is the best way in your language to translate this passive sentence. For some languages it is clearer to change the order of the sentence and say, “I will use you and your offspring to bless all the families on the earth.” Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “all the families on the earth will be blessed by me.” or “I will bless all the families on the earth.”
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12:4 b2v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ אַבְרָ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה 1 Consider what is the best way in your language to begin this sentence to show that Abram is now doing what God just commanded him to do (verse 1). Alternate translation: “Then Abram left the city of Haran, just as Yahweh had told him to do,” or “Then Abram did what Yahweh had told him to do and left the city of Haran,”
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12:3 yvsd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְךָ֔ 1 This phrase refers to Abram and his descendants, including ultimately the Messiah. In other words, God’s promise in this verse is part of his wonderful news (the Gospel message) for all people (Galatians 3:8-9) and is a prophecy about the Messiah, who was one of Abraham’s descendants (Matthew 1:1, Genesis 22:18, Galatians 3:16). God blessed all people on earth by sending his Son Jesus (the Messiah) to die in their place and pay for all their sins (John 3:16-18, 1 Timothy 2:3-6), so that they could have a close relationship with him and be part of his family forever. God repeats this great promise in Genesis 18:18; 22:18; 26:4; 28:14. You could put some of that information in a footnote. Alternate translation: “Through you and your offspring” or “Because of you and your offspring” or “By means of you and your offspring”
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12:3 yt58 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִבְרְכ֣וּ & כֹּ֖ל מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הָאֲדָמָֽה 1 Consider what is the best way in your language to translate this passive sentence. For some languages it is clearer to change the order of the sentence and say, “I will use you and your offspring to bless all the families on the earth.” Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “all the families on the earth will be blessed by me” or “I will bless all the families on the earth”
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12:4 b2v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ אַבְרָ֗ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה 1 Consider what is the best way in your language to begin this sentence to show that Abram is now doing what God just commanded him to do (verse 1). Alternate translation: “Then Abram left the city of Haran, just as Yahweh had told him to do” or “Then Abram did what Yahweh had told him to do and left the city of Haran”
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12:4 hh61 וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אִתּ֖וֹ ל֑וֹט 1 Alternate translation: “and his nephew Lot went with him.”
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12:4 p63p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background וְאַבְרָ֗ם 1 Many translations omit the conjunction “And” or “Now” here. Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “Now Abram” or “Abram”.
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12:4 p63p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background וְאַבְרָ֗ם 1 Many translations omit the conjunction “And” or “Now” here. Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “Now Abram” or “Abram”
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12:4 p5rf בֶּן 1 See how you translated a similar phrase in Gen 5:32 and 11:10. Alternate translation: “was seventy-five years old”.
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12:4 tb22 בְּצֵאת֖וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “when he left” or “when he set out”
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12:4 ln5h מֵחָרָֽן 1 Alternate translation: “from the city of Haran.” or “from there.”
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12:5 w44u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת שָׂרַ֨י אִשְׁתּ֜וֹ 1 Be consistent here with how you spelled “Sarai” in Gen 11:29-31. Alternate translation: “Abram took with him his wife Sarai”.
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12:5 t055 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת ל֣וֹט בֶּן אָחִ֗יו 1 For some languages it is more natural to make “son of his brother” or “his nephew” explicit in verse 4 (where Lot is first mentioned in this section) and leave it implied here in verse 5. Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “and his deceased brother’s son Lot” or “and his nephew Lot”.
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12:5 af34 וְאֶת כָּל רְכוּשָׁם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָכָ֔שׁוּ וְאֶת הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר עָשׂ֣וּ 1 The word “possessions” is general here and includes slaves, animals, furniture, clothes, and money. See how you translated “slave” or “servant” in Gen 9:25-27. Alternate translation: “everything that they owned, including slaves and everything else they had acquired”.
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12:5 v8yx בְחָרָ֑ן 1 Alternate translation: “in the city of Haran,” or “in Haran City”
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12:4 ln5h מֵחָרָֽן 1 Alternate translation: “from the city of Haran” or “from there”
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12:5 w44u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת שָׂרַ֨י אִשְׁתּ֜וֹ 1 Be consistent here with how you spelled “Sarai” in [Genesis 11:29](../11/29.md)-31. Alternate translation: “Abram took with him his wife Sarai”
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12:5 t055 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְאֶת ל֣וֹט בֶּן אָחִ֗יו 1 For some languages it is more natural to make “son of his brother” or “his nephew” explicit in verse 4 (where Lot is first mentioned in this section) and leave it implied here in verse 5. Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “and his deceased brother’s son Lot” or “and his nephew Lot”
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12:5 af34 וְאֶת כָּל רְכוּשָׁם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָכָ֔שׁוּ וְאֶת הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר עָשׂ֣וּ 1 The word **possessions** is general here and includes slaves, animals, furniture, clothes, and money. See how you translated “slave” or “servant” in [Gen 9:25](../09/25.md)-27. Alternate translation: “everything that they owned, including slaves and everything else they had acquired”
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12:5 v8yx בְחָרָ֑ן 1 Alternate translation: “in the city of Haran” or “in Haran City”
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12:5 hhfp וַיֵּצְא֗וּ לָלֶ֨כֶת֙ 1 Alternate translation: “and they all started traveling”
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12:5 iazy אַ֣רְצָה כְּנַ֔עַן 1 Alternate translation: “to the land of Canaan.” or “to Canaan Land.”
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12:5 zel6 וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אַ֥רְצָה כְּנָֽעַן 1 Alternate translation: “Then they arrived in Canaan.” or “When they reached Canaan,” or “When they arrived there,”
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12:6 ep53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר אַבְרָם֙ 1 Abram is the only one named here because he is in focus. However, your translation should not sound like he traveled alone in verse 6. Also make sure that the way you begin this verse in your translation fits with the way you ended verse 5. Alternate translation: “Abram traveled” or “Abram and his family traveled” or “they traveled”.
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12:6 o804 בָּאָ֔רֶץ 1 See how you translated “land” in verse 5. Alternate translation: “through that land”.
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12:5 iazy אַ֣רְצָה כְּנַ֔עַן 1 Alternate translation: “to the land of Canaan” or “to Canaan Land”
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12:5 zel6 וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אַ֥רְצָה כְּנָֽעַן 1 Alternate translation: “Then they arrived in Canaan.” or “When they reached Canaan” or “When they arrived there”
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12:6 ep53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר אַבְרָם֙ 1 **Abram** is the only one named here because he is in focus. However, your translation should not sound like he traveled alone in verse 6. Also make sure that the way you begin this verse in your translation fits with the way you ended [verse 5](../12/05.md). Alternate translation: “Abram traveled” or “Abram and his family traveled” or “they traveled”
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12:6 o804 בָּאָ֔רֶץ 1 See how you translated **land** in [verse 5](../12/05.md). Alternate translation: “through that land”
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12:6 ai2i עַ֚ד 1 Alternate translation: “until they arrived at” or “to”
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12:6 klyk מְק֣וֹם שְׁכֶ֔ם 1 The Hebrew text is ambiguous here. It could mean: (1) “the city of Shechem,” or (2) “the sacred place at the city of Shechem,”
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12:6 wf66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עַ֖ד אֵל֣וֹן מוֹרֶ֑ה 1 Moreh is probably the name of the person who owned the land where the terebinth tree was. A terebinth tree is a large, broadleaf, flowering tree in the cashew family that can grow to a height of 5 to 12 meters (16 to 40 feet). The Hebrew words for “oak” and “terebinth” are similar, so many translations (including LXX) translate this as “oak tree” here. Notice, however, that oak trees and terebinth trees are from two different families of trees. Alternate translation: “to Moreh’s terebinth tree.” or “to the terebinth tree on Moreh’s land.”
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12:6 aje0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י אָ֥ז בָּאָֽרֶץ 1 For some languages it is clearer and more natural to put the time phrase (“at that time”) first in this sentence. Alternate translation: “At that time the Canaanites were still living in that land,”
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12:7 nqjy וַיֵּרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ אֶל אַבְרָ֔ם 1 Yahweh’s promise in verse 7 to give Canaan to Abram’s descendants contrasts with the fact that the Canaanites were still occupying that region (verse 6). Also, notice that the text does not specify in what form or in what way God appeared to Abram, so your translation should not do that either. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh came to Abram” or “but Yahweh visited Abram”.
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12:7 nsz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַיֹּ֕אמֶר 1 Alternate translation: “and said to him,”
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12:7 zfqw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure לְזַ֨רְעֲךָ֔ אֶתֵּ֖ן אֶת הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את 1 In the Hebrew text, the phrase “to your offspring” is emphasized by its position at the beginning of this quote. However, for some languages it may be clearer and more natural to change the order of the clauses and say, “I will give this land to your offspring.” Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give this land to your offspring.”
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12:7 ed0y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּ֤בֶן & מִזְבֵּ֔חַ 1 Consider what is the best way to refer to Abram here in your language. See how you translated “altar” in Gen 8:20. Alternate translation: “So he built an altar out of large stones” or “So he built a sacrifice table with stones”.
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12:6 klyk מְק֣וֹם שְׁכֶ֔ם 1 The Hebrew text is ambiguous here. It could mean: (1) “the city of Shechem” or (2) “the sacred place at the city of Shechem”
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12:6 wf66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עַ֖ד אֵל֣וֹן מוֹרֶ֑ה 1 Moreh is probably the name of the person who owned the land where the **terebinth tree** was. A terebinth tree is a large, broadleaf, flowering tree in the cashew family that can grow to a height of 5 to 12 meters (16 to 40 feet). The Hebrew words for “oak” and “terebinth” are similar, so many translations (including LXX) translate this as “oak tree” here. Notice, however, that oak trees and terebinth trees are from two different families of trees. Alternate translation: “to Moreh’s terebinth tree” or “to the terebinth tree on Moreh’s land”
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12:6 aje0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י אָ֥ז בָּאָֽרֶץ 1 For some languages it is clearer and more natural to put the time phrase (**at that time**) first in this sentence. Alternate translation: “At that time the Canaanites were still living in that land”
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12:7 nqjy וַיֵּרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ אֶל אַבְרָ֔ם 1 Yahweh’s promise in verse 7 to give Canaan to Abram’s descendants contrasts with the fact that the Canaanites were still occupying that region ([verse 6](../12/06.md)). Also, notice that the text does not specify in what form or in what way God appeared to Abram, so your translation should not do that either. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh came to Abram” or “but Yahweh visited Abram”
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12:7 nsz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַיֹּ֕אמֶר 1 Alternate translation: “and said to him”
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12:7 zfqw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure לְזַ֨רְעֲךָ֔ אֶתֵּ֖ן אֶת הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את 1 In the Hebrew text, the phrase **to your offspring** is emphasized by its position at the beginning of this quote. However, for some languages it may be clearer and more natural to change the order of the clauses and say, “I will give this land to your offspring.” Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “I will give this land to your offspring”
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12:7 ed0y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּ֤בֶן & מִזְבֵּ֔חַ 1 Consider what is the best way to refer to Abram here in your language. See how you translated “altar” in [Gen 8:20](../08/20.md). Alternate translation: “So he built an altar out of large stones” or “So he built a sacrifice table with stones”
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12:7 s3yo שָׁם֙ 1 Alternate translation: “near the tree” or “in that place”
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12:7 rv38 לַיהוָ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “to worship Yahweh” or “and burned sacrifices on it to thank and worship Yahweh,”
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12:7 ywd2 הַנִּרְאֶ֥ה אֵלָֽיו 1 See how you translated “appeared” earlier in verse 7. Alternate translation: “who had appeared to him there.” or “because he had appeared to him there.”
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12:7 rv38 לַיהוָ֖ה 1 Alternate translation: “to worship Yahweh” or “and burned sacrifices on it to thank and worship Yahweh”
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12:7 ywd2 הַנִּרְאֶ֥ה אֵלָֽיו 1 See how you translated **appeared** earlier in verse 7. Alternate translation: “who had appeared to him there” or “because he had appeared to him there”
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12:8 y0sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיַּעְתֵּ֨ק מִשָּׁ֜ם 1 Alternate translation: “From the place of Shechem, he and his family moved south to”
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12:8 c1kt הָהָ֗רָה מִקֶּ֛דֶם לְבֵֽית אֵ֖ל 1 Alternate translation: “the hill country that was east of the town of Bethel” or “the mountainous region east of the town of Bethel”
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12:8 u3l7 וַיֵּ֣ט אָהֳלֹ֑ה 1 Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. See how you translated “tent” in Gen 9:21, 27. Alternate translation: “and set up his tents there” or “They set up their tents”.
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12:8 r71q בֵּֽית אֵ֤ל מִיָּם֙ וְהָעַ֣י מִקֶּ֔דֶם 1 Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “between Bethel to the west and the town of Ai to the east.” or “Bethel was to the west of them and the town of Ai was to the east.”
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12:8 u3l7 וַיֵּ֣ט אָהֳלֹ֑ה 1 Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. See how you translated “tent” in [Gen 9:21](../09/21.md), 27. Alternate translation: “and set up his tents there” or “They set up their tents”.
|
||||
12:8 r71q בֵּֽית אֵ֤ל מִיָּם֙ וְהָעַ֣י מִקֶּ֔דֶם 1 Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “between Bethel to the west and the town of Ai to the east” or “Bethel was to the west of them and the town of Ai was to the east”
|
||||
12:8 cl64 וַיִּֽבֶן שָׁ֤ם 1 Alternate translation: “There he built”
|
||||
12:8 s3gs מִזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ 1 See how you translated “altar” in verse 7. Alternate translation: “another altar” or “another sacrifice table”.
|
||||
12:8 b7gd לַֽיהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated “to Yahweh” in verse 7. Alternate translation: “and burned sacrifices on it to worship Yahweh,”
|
||||
12:8 yv1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּקְרָ֖א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated a similar clause in Gen 4:26. Alternate translation: “and he worshiped Yahweh by name.” or “he addressed Yahweh by his name as he worshiped him.” or “he used Yahweh’s name in his prayers and worship.” or “he worshiped Yahweh.”
|
||||
12:8 s3gs מִזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ 1 See how you translated “altar” in [verse 7](../12/07.md). Alternate translation: “another altar” or “another sacrifice table”
|
||||
12:8 b7gd לַֽיהוָ֔ה 1 See how you translated “to Yahweh” in [verse 7](../12/07.md). Alternate translation: “and burned sacrifices on it to worship Yahweh”
|
||||
12:8 yv1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וַיִּקְרָ֖א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה 1 See how you translated a similar clause in [Gen 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “and he worshiped Yahweh by name.” or “he addressed Yahweh by his name as he worshiped him” or “he used Yahweh’s name in his prayers and worship” or “he worshiped Yahweh”
|
||||
12:9 bv60 וַיִּסַּ֣ע אַבְרָ֔ם הָל֥וֹךְ וְנָס֖וֹעַ 1 Alternate translation: “After that, Abram and his family traveled in stages” or “Then Abram and his family moved from place to place”
|
||||
12:9 yypr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַנֶּֽגְבָּה 1 The Hebrew word “Negev” can mean “south” or “dry country,” so some translations translate the meaning. But most translations transliterate the Hebrew name (as “Negev” or “Negeb”) as they do with other names in the Bible. Alternate translation: “south toward the Negev Wilderness.” or “southward until they reached the Negev Wilderness.”
|
||||
12:10 glm2 וַיְהִ֥י 1 This clause gives the setting for the rest of the sentence. Translate this in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Now there was”.
|
||||
12:10 eik8 רָעָ֖ב 1 A “famine” is a prolonged period of time when people are starving because crops are failing, often due to a lack of rain or other severe weather conditions. Alternate translation: “a serious shortage of food” or “a hungry time when food was very scarce”.
|
||||
12:10 wayf בָּאָ֑רֶץ 1 Alternate translation: “in that land,” or “in the Negev Wilderness,”
|
||||
12:10 rz12 וַיֵּ֨רֶד אַבְרָ֤ם 1 This phrase refers to the fact that Egypt is lower in elevation than Canaan (verse 5). It is also located southwest of Canaan. Alternate translation: “so Abram and his family headed southwest” or “so Abram and his family went further south”.
|
||||
12:9 yypr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַנֶּֽגְבָּה 1 The Hebrew word **Negev** can mean “south” or “dry country,” so some translations translate the meaning. But most translations transliterate the Hebrew name (as “Negev” or “Negeb”) as they do with other names in the Bible. Alternate translation: “south toward the Negev Wilderness” or “southward until they reached the Negev Wilderness”
|
||||
12:10 glm2 וַיְהִ֥י 1 This clause gives the setting for the rest of the sentence. Translate this in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Now there was”
|
||||
12:10 eik8 רָעָ֖ב 1 A **famine** is a prolonged period of time when people are starving because crops are failing, often due to a lack of rain or other severe weather conditions. Alternate translation: “a serious shortage of food” or “a hungry time when food was very scarce”
|
||||
12:10 wayf בָּאָ֑רֶץ 1 Alternate translation: “in that land” or “in the Negev Wilderness”
|
||||
12:10 rz12 וַיֵּ֨רֶד אַבְרָ֤ם 1 This phrase refers to the fact that Egypt is lower in elevation than Canaan [verse 5](../12/05.md)). It is also located southwest of Canaan. Alternate translation: “so Abram and his family headed southwest” or “so Abram and his family went further south”
|
||||
12:10 ipz4 מִצְרַ֨יְמָה֙ 1 Alternate translation: “to the land of Egypt”
|
||||
12:10 kyr1 לָג֣וּר שָׁ֔ם 1 Alternate translation: “to live there for a while”
|
||||
12:10 vqpl כִּֽי כָבֵ֥ד הָרָעָ֖ב 1 Alternate translation: “because the food shortage was very severe”
|
||||
12:10 vjke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בָּאָֽרֶץ 1 For some languages it may be more natural to put this clause near the beginning of this verse and say, “Then there was a famine in that land that was so heavy that Abram and his family left there and went down to the land of Egypt to live for a while.” Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “in that land.” or “in the Negev Wilderness so they could not survive there.”
|
||||
12:11 aosr וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִקְרִ֖יב לָב֣וֹא מִצְרָ֑יְמָה 1 Alternate translation: “Just before they arrived in Egypt,” or “As they approached Egypt,”
|
||||
12:11 v1kk וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ אֶל־שָׂרַ֣י אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “Abram said to his wife Sarai,” or “he told his wife Sarai,”
|
||||
12:11 phg5 הִנֵּה נָ֣א 1 Alternate translation: “Listen please,” or “Please listen to me:”
|
||||
12:11 ajhq יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֛י אִשָּׁ֥ה יְפַת מַרְאֶ֖ה אָֽתְּ 1 Alternate translation: “I know that you are a very beautiful woman.” or “you are a very beautiful woman.”
|
||||
12:12 x50x rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי 1 Consider whether it is better in your language to begin this sentence with or without a conjunction (“So”). Alternate translation: “So when” or “When”.
|
||||
12:10 vjke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בָּאָֽרֶץ 1 For some languages it may be more natural to put this clause near the beginning of this verse and say, “Then there was a famine in that land that was so heavy that Abram and his family left there and went down to the land of Egypt to live for a while.” Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “in that land” or “in the Negev Wilderness so they could not survive there”
|
||||
12:11 aosr וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִקְרִ֖יב לָב֣וֹא מִצְרָ֑יְמָה 1 Alternate translation: “Just before they arrived in Egypt” or “As they approached Egypt”
|
||||
12:11 v1kk וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ אֶל־שָׂרַ֣י אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “Abram said to his wife Sarai” or “he told his wife Sarai”
|
||||
12:11 phg5 הִנֵּה נָ֣א 1 Alternate translation: “Listen please” or “Please listen to me:”
|
||||
12:11 ajhq יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֛י אִשָּׁ֥ה יְפַת מַרְאֶ֖ה אָֽתְּ 1 Alternate translation: “I know that you are a very beautiful woman” or “you are a very beautiful woman”
|
||||
12:12 x50x rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי 1 Consider whether it is better in your language to begin this sentence with or without a conjunction (**So**Alternate translation: “So when” or “When”
|
||||
12:12 jv43 הַמִּצְרִ֔ים 1 Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt”
|
||||
12:12 cqnx יִרְא֤וּ אֹתָךְ֙ 1 Alternate translation: “see you with me,”
|
||||
12:12 semy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations וְאָמְר֖וּ אִשְׁתּ֣וֹ זֹ֑את 1 Consider whether it is better in your language to translate this embedded quote as a direct or indirect quote. Alternate translation: “they will say that you are my wife,”
|
||||
12:12 sw31 וְהָרְג֥וּ אֹתִ֖י וְאֹתָ֥ךְ יְחַיּֽוּ 1 Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Then they will kill me but let you live so that they can have you.”
|
||||
12:12 cqnx יִרְא֤וּ אֹתָךְ֙ 1 Alternate translation: “see you with me”
|
||||
12:12 semy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations וְאָמְר֖וּ אִשְׁתּ֣וֹ זֹ֑את 1 Consider whether it is better in your language to translate this embedded quote as a direct or indirect quote. Alternate translation: “they will say that you are my wife”
|
||||
12:12 sw31 וְהָרְג֥וּ אֹתִ֖י וְאֹתָ֥ךְ יְחַיּֽוּ 1 Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Then they will kill me but let you live so that they can have you”
|
||||
12:13 t2hf אִמְרִי נָ֖א 1 Alternate translation: “So please tell people”
|
||||
12:13 erv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ 1 Consider whether an indirect quote or direct quote is best here in your language. Alternate translation: “ ‘I am his’s sister,’ ”
|
||||
12:13 erv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ 1 Consider whether an indirect quote or direct quote is best here in your language. Alternate translation: “ ‘I am his sister’ ”
|
||||
12:13 p2h5 לְמַ֨עַן֙ יִֽיטַב לִ֣י 1 Alternate translation: “so that I will be treated well” or “so that they will treat me well”
|
||||
12:13 pv49 בַעֲבוּרֵ֔ךְ 1 Alternate translation: “because of you”
|
||||
12:13 kbgh וְחָיְתָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י בִּגְלָלֵֽךְ 1 For some languages it is not natural to include the phrase “because of you” here, because it repeats the same idea as “for your sake” in the previous clause. Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “and my life will be spared by them.” or “and they will spare my life.” or “and they will let me live.”
|
||||
12:13 kbgh וְחָיְתָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י בִּגְלָלֵֽךְ 1 For some languages it is not natural to include the phrase **because of you** here, because it repeats the same idea as **for your sake** in the previous clause. Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “and my life will be spared by them” or “and they will spare my life” or “and they will let me live”
|
||||
12:14 ip31 וַיְהִ֕י 1 Alternate translation: “That is exactly what happened:”
|
||||
12:14 ajxi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּב֥וֹא אַבְרָ֖ם מִצְרָ֑יְמָה 1 Although Abram is in focus here, your translation should not sound like he was traveling alone. Alternate translation: “When Abram and his family entered the land of Egypt,”
|
||||
12:14 ajxi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּב֥וֹא אַבְרָ֖ם מִצְרָ֑יְמָה 1 Although **Abram** is in focus here, your translation should not sound like he was traveling alone. Alternate translation: “When Abram and his family entered the land of Egypt”
|
||||
12:14 s2xw וַיִּרְא֤וּ הַמִּצְרִים֙ 1 Alternate translation: “the Egyptian people saw” or “the people living there saw”
|
||||
12:14 g5l2 אֶת־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־יָפָ֥ה הִ֖וא מְאֹֽד 1 Alternate translation: “that the woman with him was indeed very beautiful.” or “that Sarai was indeed very beautiful.”
|
||||
12:15 twfq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וַיִּרְא֤וּ אֹתָהּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה 1 The term “officials” is general and refers to leaders or rulers who were under Pharaoh and served him. Also, the term “Pharaoh” is an Egyptian title that refers to the king or ruler over Egypt. However, in the Old Testament, it is treated as a name (that frequently occurs with the title “king of Egypt”), so translators often transliterate “Pharaoh” (which is how other names in the Bible are normally treated). Some languages require an honorific title with the names of kings, for example, “King Pharaoh”. Decide how you will handle this in your translation. Alternate translation: “Some of the officials who served under the Egyptian king noticed her, so” or “When some officials of Pharaoh the king of Egypt saw her,”
|
||||
12:15 oubs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיְהַֽלְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ אֶל פַּרְעֹ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “they told Pharaoh how beautiful she was,” or “they highly recommended her to him,”
|
||||
12:15 vbhr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַתֻּקַּ֥ח הָאִשָּׁ֖ה 1 Consider what is the best way to translate this passive clause in your language. Also consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “and she was taken” or “So he had them bring her”.
|
||||
12:15 hq0q בֵּ֥ית פַּרְעֹֽה 1 Alternate translation: “into his palace to be one of his wives.”
|
||||
12:16 xuh3 וּלְאַבְרָ֥ם הֵיטִ֖יב בַּעֲבוּרָ֑הּ 1 Alternate translation: “Then Pharaoh treated Abram well because of her,” or “The king thought that Abram was her’s brother, so he treated him well.”
|
||||
12:16 wjdj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַֽיְהִי ל֤וֹ 1 Make sure it is clear in your translation who is being referred to here. Also consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “and Abram acquired from him” or “and he gave him” or “He gave him”.
|
||||
12:14 g5l2 אֶת־הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּֽי־יָפָ֥ה הִ֖וא מְאֹֽד 1 Alternate translation: “that the woman with him was indeed very beautiful” or “that Sarai was indeed very beautiful”
|
||||
12:15 twfq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וַיִּרְא֤וּ אֹתָהּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה 1 The term **officials** is general and refers to leaders or rulers who were under Pharaoh and served him. Also, the term **Pharaoh** is an Egyptian title that refers to the king or ruler over Egypt. However, in the Old Testament, it is treated as a name (that frequently occurs with the title “king of Egypt”), so translators often transliterate “Pharaoh” (which is how other names in the Bible are normally treated). Some languages require an honorific title with the names of kings, for example, “King Pharaoh”. Decide how you will handle this in your translation. Alternate translation: “Some of the officials who served under the Egyptian king noticed her, so” or “When some officials of Pharaoh the king of Egypt saw her”
|
||||
12:15 oubs rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיְהַֽלְל֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ אֶל פַּרְעֹ֑ה 1 Alternate translation: “they told Pharaoh how beautiful she was” or “they highly recommended her to him”
|
||||
12:15 vbhr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וַתֻּקַּ֥ח הָאִשָּׁ֖ה 1 Consider what is the best way to translate this passive clause in your language. Also consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “and she was taken” or “So he had them bring her”
|
||||
12:15 hq0q בֵּ֥ית פַּרְעֹֽה 1 Alternate translation: “into his palace to be one of his wives”
|
||||
12:16 xuh3 וּלְאַבְרָ֥ם הֵיטִ֖יב בַּעֲבוּרָ֑הּ 1 Alternate translation: “Then Pharaoh treated Abram well because of her” or “The king thought that Abram was her’s brother, so he treated him well.”
|
||||
12:16 wjdj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַֽיְהִי ל֤וֹ 1 Make sure it is clear in your translation who is being referred to here. Also consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “and Abram acquired from him” or “and he gave him” or “He gave him”
|
||||
12:16 k8w6 צֹאן וּבָקָר֙ 1 Alternate translation: “flocks of sheep and herds of cattle,” or “many sheep and cattle,”
|
||||
12:16 wvny וַחֲמֹרִ֔ים וַעֲבָדִים֙ וּשְׁפָחֹ֔ת וַאֲתֹנֹ֖ת 1 Alternate translation: “as well as men and women slaves, and male and female donkeys,”
|
||||
12:16 r8kj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּגְמַלִּֽים 1 If camels are not known in your language area, you could include a picture of a camel in your translation. You could also describe it in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “and larger load-bearing animals called camels.”
|
||||
12:17 dn17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-honorifics וַיְנַגַּ֨ע יְהוָ֧ה אֶת פַּרְעֹ֛ה & וְאֶת בֵּית֑וֹ 1 See how you translated “Pharaoh” in verse 15. You could translate it differently in different contexts. Do what is clear and natural in your language in each context. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh struck the king and the people in his household” or “Then Yahweh caused King Pharaoh and the people in his household to get very sick”.
|
||||
12:16 r8kj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וּגְמַלִּֽים 1 If **camels** are not known in your language area, you could include a picture of a camel in your translation. You could also describe it in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “and larger load-bearing animals called camels”
|
||||
12:17 dn17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-honorifics וַיְנַגַּ֨ע יְהוָ֧ה אֶת פַּרְעֹ֛ה & וְאֶת בֵּית֑וֹ 1 See how you translated **Pharaoh** in [verse 15](../12/15.md). You could translate it differently in different contexts. Do what is clear and natural in your language in each context. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh struck the king and the people in his household” or “Then Yahweh caused King Pharaoh and the people in his household to get very sick”
|
||||
12:17 edr0 נְגָעִ֥ים גְּדֹלִ֖ים 1 Alternate translation: “with severe diseases”
|
||||
12:17 s1no rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure עַל דְּבַ֥ר שָׂרַ֖י אֵ֥שֶׁת אַבְרָֽם 1 For many languages it is clearer and more natural to put this clause first in this verse and say, “But since King Pharaoh had taken Abram’s wife Sarai, Yahweh afflicted the king and his family with severe illnesses.” Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “because of Sarai, Abram’s wife.” or “because he had taken Abram’s wife Sarai.”
|
||||
12:17 s1no rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure עַל דְּבַ֥ר שָׂרַ֖י אֵ֥שֶׁת אַבְרָֽם 1 For many languages it is clearer and more natural to put this clause first in this verse and say, “But since King Pharaoh had taken Abram’s wife Sarai, Yahweh afflicted the king and his family with severe illnesses.” Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “because of Sarai, Abram’s wife” or “because he had taken Abram’s wife Sarai”
|
||||
12:18 qiwz וַיִּקְרָ֤א פַרְעֹה֙ 1 Alternate translation: “So King Pharaoh called for Abram” or “So Pharaoh summoned Abram before him” or “So the king sent for Abram to come to him”
|
||||
12:18 ru7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַיֹּ֕אמֶר 1 Make sure that the way you translate this quote margin fits with the way that you translate the following quote. Alternate translation: “and said to him,” or “and asked him,”
|
||||
12:18 ru7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַיֹּ֕אמֶר 1 Make sure that the way you translate this quote margin fits with the way that you translate the following quote. Alternate translation: “and said to him” or “and asked him”
|
||||
12:18 xd4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לִּ֑י 1 Pharaoh uses rhetorical questions in verses 18 and 19 to express his anger at what Abram had done; he does not expect Abram to answer him. Some languages must use statements or exclamations here instead. Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “Why have you treated me so badly?” or “You have treated me very badly!”
|
||||
12:18 yw65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לָ֚מָּה לֹא הִגַּ֣דְתָּ לִּ֔י כִּ֥י אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ הִֽוא 1 Alternate translation: “You should have told me that she is your wife!”
|
||||
12:19 o893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לָמָ֤ה אָמַ֨רְתָּ֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא 1 Pharaoh uses this rhetorical question to scold Abram and express his anger at him. Consider what is the best way to do that in your language. Also consider whether it is better in your language to translate this embedded quote as a direct or indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Why did you say that she is your sister,” or “You should not have said that she is your sister,”
|
||||
12:19 o893 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לָמָ֤ה אָמַ֨רְתָּ֙ אֲחֹ֣תִי הִ֔וא 1 Pharaoh uses this rhetorical question to scold Abram and express his anger at him. Consider what is the best way to do that in your language. Also consider whether it is better in your language to translate this embedded quote as a direct or indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Why did you say that she is your sister?” or “You should not have said that she is your sister,”
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12:19 xl4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וָאֶקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ לִ֖י לְאִשָּׁ֑ה 1 For some languages it is clearer and more natural to begin a new sentence here. Do what is best in your language. Alternate translation: “so that I took her to be a wife!” or “so that I ended up taking her to be my wife!” or “I believed you and took her to be my wife!”
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12:19 dqec וְעַתָּ֕ה 1 Alternate translation: “Now therefore,” or “So now,”
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12:19 zn5o הִנֵּ֥ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ 1 Alternate translation: “here is your wife back.” or “look, I’m giving your wife back to you.”
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12:19 wpvs קַ֥ח וָלֵֽךְ 1 Alternate translation: “Take her and leave my country!”
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12:20 hloj וַיְצַ֥ו & פַּרְעֹ֖ה 1 Consider again how you translated “Pharaoh” in verses 15-18, 20. It may be helpful to read this section aloud to make sure it is clear and natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then King Pharaoh gave orders to” or “Then the Egyptian king ordered” or “Then the king of Egypt commanded”.
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12:19 dqec וְעַתָּ֕ה 1 Alternate translation: “Now therefore” or “So now”
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12:19 zn5o הִנֵּ֥ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֖ 1 Alternate translation: “here is your wife back” or “look, I’m giving your wife back to you”
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12:19 wpvs קַ֥ח וָלֵֽךְ 1 Alternate translation: “Take her and leave my country”
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12:20 hloj וַיְצַ֥ו & פַּרְעֹ֖ה 1 Consider again how you translated **Pharaoh** in verses 15-18, 20. It may be helpful to read this section aloud to make sure it is clear and natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then King Pharaoh gave orders to” or “Then the Egyptian king ordered” or “Then the king of Egypt commanded”
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12:20 cnsk אֲנָשִׁ֑ים 1 Alternate translation: “some of his men”
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12:20 caru rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עָלָ֛יו 1 Throughout this verse, make sure it is clear in your translation who is being referred to. Alternate translation: “concerning him,” or “to make sure that Abram left,”
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12:20 ynrv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “and they forced him to leave the country,” or “and they expelled him from Egypt,”
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12:20 caru rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns עָלָ֛יו 1 Throughout this verse, make sure it is clear in your translation who is being referred to. Alternate translation: “concerning him” or “to make sure that Abram left”
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12:20 ynrv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “and they forced him to leave the country” or “and they expelled him from Egypt”
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12:20 ec0t וְאֶת אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “along with his wife”
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12:20 hplb וְאֶת כָּל אֲשֶׁר לֽוֹ 1 This included Abram’s slaves, animals, and everything else that he owned. Alternate translation: “and all that he had.” or “all his possessions.”
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12:20 hplb וְאֶת כָּל אֲשֶׁר לֽוֹ 1 This included Abram’s slaves, animals, and everything else that he owned. Alternate translation: “and all that he had” or “all his possessions”
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13:1 dcd5 וַיַּעַל֩ אַבְרָ֨ם מִמִּצְרַ֜יִם 1 “So Abram went/traveled northeast from the land/country of Egypt,” or “Then/So Abram left the land/country of Egypt,” The Negev Wilderness (or Desert) is northeast in direction from Egypt and is higher in elevation. Compare how you translated “down” in Gen 12:10 when Abram traveled in the opposite direction.
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13:1 x9jp ה֠וּא וְאִשְׁתּ֧וֹ 1 “taking with him his wife” or “He took with him his wife”. Consider whether or not it is better in your language to begin a new sentence here.
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13:1 er79 וְכָל אֲשֶׁר ל֛וֹ 1 “and everything that he/they owned/had,”
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ front:intro rx9u 0 # Introduction to Psalms\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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1:1 a5wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun הָאִ֗ישׁ 1 The **man** here may refer first to the ideal Israelite king while also having a general meaning referring to a typical righteous person. If your readers would not understand **the man** in a general way, you may choose a term that gives a broader interpretation. One possible way to do this may be by not using a definite article. Alternate translation: “is a man” or “is the person” or “is a person”
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1:1 x0do rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor לֹ֥א הָלַךְ֮ בַּעֲצַ֪ת רְשָׁ֫עִ֥ים וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ חַ֭טָּאִים לֹ֥א עָמָ֑ד וּבְמוֹשַׁ֥ב לֵ֝צִ֗ים לֹ֣א יָשָֽׁב 1 It may be helpful to read these three phrases in an inverted way. That way the negative trajectory that the happy man avoids can be more clearly seen. Consider: “Unhappy is the man who walks in the advice of the wicked ones and then who stands in the pathway of sinners and then who sits in the seat of scoffers.” The meaning of each of these parts of this extended metaphor is expanded in later notes, but translators should see a trajectory of worsening character that a happy man avoids.
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1:1 ma8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor לֹ֥א הָלַךְ֮ בַּעֲצַ֪ת רְשָׁ֫עִ֥ים 1 Here, **walks** refers to a **man** doing the things that **wicked ones** suggest that he does. This is the beginning of a pattern of doing wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the image clear or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “does not walk into sin that wicked people suggest” or “never does what wicked people suggest”
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1:1 y9ow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ חַ֭טָּאִים לֹ֥א עָמָ֑ד 1 Here, **stands not in the pathway of sinners** refers to not copying how sinners continually live their lives, that is, their sinful habits. Standing means joining with sinners. The **pathway** means habits or the way in which they live. Not only does the happy man not do what the wicked say, but doing what sinners do does not become the way in which he lives his life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the image clear or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and does not stand with sinners in the path of sinning” or “and does not make sinning a habit”
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1:1 y9ow rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ חַ֭טָּאִים לֹ֥א עָמָ֑ד 1 Here, **stands not in the pathway of sinners** refers to not copying how sinners continually live their lives, that is, their sinful habits. Standing means joining with sinners. The **pathway** means habits or how they live. Not only does the happy man not do what the wicked say, but doing what sinners do does not become the way in which he lives his life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the image clear or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and does not stand with sinners in the path of sinning” or “and does not make sinning a habit”
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1:1 b9ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor וּבְמוֹשַׁ֥ב לֵ֝צִ֗ים לֹ֣א יָשָֽׁב 1 Here, **sits not in the seat of scoffers** means to not become like people who spend their time mocking people, things, and God. By avoiding the previous two progressions towards a sinful life, the happy man avoids this final state where he would be just like the wicked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the image clear or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and does not sit with scoffers to join them in scoffing” or “so he never becomes like wicked mockers”
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1:2 x7b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast כִּ֤י אִ֥ם 1 The author uses the word **But** here to indicate a strong contrast between what the happy man does and does not do. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Rather,”
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1:2 bvfv בְּתוֹרַ֥ת & וּֽבְתוֹרָת֥וֹ 1 Alternate translation: “in the instruction of … and in his instruction”
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@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ front:intro rx9u 0 # Introduction to Psalms\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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3:intro py7j 0 # Psalm 3 General Notes\n\n## Type of Psalm\n\nPsalm 3 is a psalm of lament. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])\n\n\n## Outline:\n- verse 1–2 Foes “rising” against psalmist\n- verse 3–4 Trust expressed to Yahweh (on his holy hill, see [Psalm 2:6](../02/06.md))\n- verses 5–6 Trust in Yahweh proclaimed\n- verses 7–8 Help petitioned from Yahweh (“rising” and saving refer back to verse 1–2)\n\nSee 2 Samuel 15–18 for the story of David fleeing from Absalom.\n\n\n## Poetic Elements (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]):\n- The psalm divides into four sections that are nearly the same length (14 words / 14 words / 14 words / 15 words).\n- “Rising” and “salvation” are repeated between verses 2–3 and verses 8–9 in a negative and then positive way. This emphasizes that the author’s problems have been completely solved by Yahweh.\n- The second and third sections share similar beginnings; both begin with an independent personal pronoun (verse 3a: "you;" verse 5a: "I"). "You" (=Yahweh) is the topic of the second section (verses 3–4), and "I" (=David) is the topic of the third section (verses 5–6).\n- The first section (verses 1–2) and the two middle sections (verses 3–6) are connected by the ideas of “many/multitudes ... against me.”\n\n\n## Figurative language:\n\n\n- Yahweh is pictured as a shield.\n- Safety is pictured as sleeping.\n- Yahweh’s salvation from enemies is pictured in violent graphic language.\n- Wicked people’s power is represented by their teeth.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n- **Selah**: This psalm contains the first instances of the Hebrew word **Selah**. Refer to the introduction to Psalms for more information.\n\n- Superscriptions : This psalm is the first instance which starts with an superscription. Refer to the introduction to Psalms for more information.
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3:front g1yb לְדָוִ֑ד 1 This could mean: (1) David wrote the psalm or (2) the psalm is about David or (3) the psalm is in the style of David’s psalms.
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3:1 xp7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations יְ֭הוָה מָֽה־רַבּ֣וּ צָרָ֑י 1 The word **how** marks this as an exclamation that is emphasizing to Yahweh by an emotional outburst how very desperate the author’s situation is. Use an exclamation that would communicate that meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, I have so many enemies!”
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3:1 cj3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽי 1 Here, **risers against me** is an idiom that means “people who rebel against me” or “people who wish to fight me.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Those who rebel against me” or "Those getting in my face”
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3:1 cj3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽי 1 Here, **risers against me** is an idiom that means “people who rebel against me” or “people who wish to fight me.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Those getting in my face” or “Those who rebel against me”
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3:2 lhxm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֵ֤ין יְֽשׁוּעָ֓תָה לּ֬וֹ בֵֽאלֹהִ֬ים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **salvation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Surely God will not save him”
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3:2 oya5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate סֶֽלָה 1 This is the first instance of the Hebrew word **Selah**, the meaning of which is unknown. The Septuagint translates the term as διάψαλμα (diapsalma) “musical interlude.” Your translation team should decide if you will (1) transliterate **Selah** or (2) omit **Selah** or (3) follow the Septuagint and translate something like “pause” into your language.
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3:3 mj2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מָגֵ֣ן בַּעֲדִ֑י 1 Here, **shield** represents protection. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you, Yahweh, protect me like a shield”
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@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ front:intro rx9u 0 # Introduction to Psalms\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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3:4 bz2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶקְרָ֑א וַיַּֽעֲנֵ֨נִי 1 The implication is that the author is calling to Yahweh for help and that Yahweh’s answer takes the form of giving help. You can include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I call for help … and he helped me”
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3:5 tup6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אֲנִ֥י שָׁכַ֗בְתִּי וָֽאִ֫ישָׁ֥נָה הֱקִיצ֑וֹתִי כִּ֖י יְהוָ֣ה יִסְמְכֵֽנִי 1 Here, the phrase **for Yahweh protects me** is the reason for the result, **I awoke**, as well as the reason for the author’s confidence that he can lie down and sleep. The events **laid down and slept** are not one-time occurrences, but a universal statement about his daily peace because of Yahweh. If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh protects me, I lie down, sleep, and awake.”
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3:6 q7wy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹֽא־אִ֭ירָא 1 The author does **not fear** because of Yahweh’s protection, mentioned in verse 5. Be sure that connection is clear in your language.
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3:7 zax2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ק֘וּמָ֤ה 1 The author speaks of starting to do something as to "Rise up." If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Take action” or “Do something”
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3:7 zax2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ק֘וּמָ֤ה 1 The author speaks of starting to do something as to **Rise up.** If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Take action” or “Do something”
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3:7 az5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הִכִּ֣יתָ אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבַ֣י לֶ֑חִי שִׁנֵּ֖י רְשָׁעִ֣ים שִׁבַּֽרְתָּ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Translate them according to the decisions your team has made regarding translating parallelism in Hebrew poetry. See the [book introduction](../front/intro.md) for more information. The phrases **my enemies** and **the wicked** refer to the same group of people. Alternate translation: “you hit all my enemies on the jaw; you even break those wicked enemies’ teeth” or “you destroy all my enemies”
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3:7 r6xe rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction הִכִּ֣יתָ אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבַ֣י לֶ֑חִי 1 Hitting an enemy on the cheek was a way of insulting people. If this would not be clear to your readers, you can explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “For you will insult all my enemies like someone hitting them on the jaw”
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3:7 k36i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שִׁנֵּ֖י רְשָׁעִ֣ים שִׁבַּֽרְתָּ 1 Animals attack with their teeth. Breaking their teeth takes away their power to attack. David speaks as if Yahweh would come and physically fight against the wicked. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you make the wicked unable to harm me like someone breaking the teeth of a ferocious animal”
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@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ front:intro rx9u 0 # Introduction to Psalms\n\n## Part 1: General Introductio
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5:7 g7gf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אֶשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֥ה אֶל־הֵֽיכַל־קָ֝דְשְׁךָ֗ בְּיִרְאָתֶֽךָ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **fear**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “I will reverently bow down toward your temple of holiness”
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5:8 nj5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְחֵ֬נִי בְצִדְקָתֶ֗ךָ 1 The author speaks of **righteousness** as if it were a path, and of teaching as guiding. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “teach me to do what is righteous as you are righteous” or “teach me to do what is righteous as you do what is righteous”
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5:8 lreo שׁוֹרְרָ֑י 1 Alternate translation: “those who watch for a chance to attack me”
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5:8 f99i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַיְשַׁ֖ר לְפָנַ֣י דַּרְכֶּֽךָ 1 The author speaks of following Yahweh’s commands as if doing so were a path. He asks God to put a straightened path before him, because a straight path is easy to see or walk on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “show me clearly how to live in the right way” or “make it easy for me to do what is right”
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5:8 f99i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַיְשַׁ֖ר לְפָנַ֣י דַּרְכֶּֽךָ 1 The author speaks of following Yahweh’s commands as if doing so were a path. He asks Yahweh to put a straightened path before him, because a straight path is easy to see or walk on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “show me clearly how to live in the right way” or “make it easy for me to do what is right”
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5:9 yu9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֵ֪ין בְּפִ֡יהוּ נְכוֹנָה֮ 1 Here, **firmness** means trustworthiness or dependability. If your language does not use an abstract noun for this idea, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “you cannot trust what they say” or “you cannot rely on them”
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5:9 t93l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּפִ֡יהוּ & גְּרוֹנָ֑ם & לְ֝שׁוֹנָ֗ם 1 The **his mouth**, **their throat**, and **their tongue** represent people’s speech. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in their speech … are their words … their talk” or “what they say … is everything they say … everything they say”
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5:9 w7sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy קִרְבָּ֪ם הַ֫וּ֥וֹת 1 The **inward being** represents people’s thoughts and desires. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their thoughts and desires are for destruction”
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Reference in New Issue