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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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1:1 bg65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names תֹּ֛פֶל וְלָבָ֥ן וַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת וְדִ֥י זָהָֽב 1 These are the names of places.
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1:1 mdz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בֵּֽין & וּבֵֽין 1 Here, the text repeats **between** to describe the relative positions of cities. If it is unnatural in your language to repeat a preposition, you could use a form that identifies an area between cities. Alternate translation: “between … and”
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1:2 xcp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַחַ֨ד עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ 1 The implication is that the journey takes **11 days**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “It is a journey of 11 days”
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1:3 xm9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַיְהִי֙ 1 Moses is using the word translated **And it happened** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And it came to pass that”
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1:3 xm9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַיְהִי֙ 1 Moses is using the word translated **And it happened** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And it came to pass”
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1:3 pc9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal בְּאַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה בְּעַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ר חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you could use cardinal numbers here or equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “after 40 years, in month 11”
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1:3 zfn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths בְּעַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ר חֹ֖דֶשׁ 1 The **eleventh** month of the Hebrew calendar includes January on Western calendars. You could convert the Hebrew day and month into an approximate date on the calendar that your culture uses. However, the Jews used a lunar calendar, so if you use a solar calendar, the date will be different every year and the translation will not be entirely accurate. So you may wish instead to give just the number of the day and the name of the Hebrew month in the text of your translation and indicate in a footnote approximately what time of year that is on your calendar.
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1:3 c54r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּנֵ֣י 1 Although the term **sons** is masculine, the author is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “the children of”
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@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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1:4 mpn7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּעַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּאֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The words **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei** are the names of cities.
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1:4 e5t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעַשְׁתָּרֹ֖ת בְּאֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The implication is that King Og ruled over both **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei**. **Ashtaroth** and **Edrei** were cities that were close to each other. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in Ashtaroth and in Edrei”
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1:5 juo3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹֽר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
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1:5-6 t7y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֵּאֵ֛ר אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לֵאמֹֽר׃ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֵ֖ינוּ בְּחֹרֵ֣ב 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Moses began explaining the law. This is what Yahweh God said to his people at Horeb,”
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1:6 s8em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive אֵלֵ֖ינוּ 1 Moses is using the pronoun **us** to refer to himself and every Israelite who was an adult when they were at Horeb, so use the exclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. Alternate translation: “to me and to your ancestors”
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1:5-6 t7y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes הוֹאִ֣יל מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֵּאֵ֛ר אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לֵאמֹֽר׃ & יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֵ֖ינוּ בְּחֹרֵ֣ב לֵאמֹ֑ר 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Moses began explaining the law that Yahweh God had spoken to his people at Horeb. He said,”
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1:6 s8em rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive אֵלֵ֖ינוּ 1 Moses is using the pronoun **us** to refer to himself and every Israelite who was an adult when they were at Horeb, so use the exclusive form of that word if your language marks that distinction. Alternate translation: “to me and to your family members”
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1:7 l6np rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּנ֣וּ ׀ וּסְע֣וּ לָכֶ֗ם 1 Here, the word **Turn** describes the beginning of action. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Start your journey”
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1:7 cwjt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וּסְע֣וּ לָכֶ֗ם 1 The expression **and journey yourselves** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “and journey”
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1:7 cqqw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׁכֵנָיו֒ 1 Here, **neighbors** refers to any people groups in the nearby areas. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people groups near them”
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1:8 bp4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֛ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to say:”
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1:8 bp4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֛ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Listen” or "See now"
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1:8 tgax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם 1 Here, **faces** represent the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
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1:8 i61s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture נָתַ֥תִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ 1 Here Yahweh could be using the past tense: (1) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “I will give the land before your faces” (2) to refer to something that he has already done. Alternate translation: “I have already given the land before your faces”
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1:8 p2mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person נִשְׁבַּ֣ע יְ֠הוָה 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “I swore”
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@ -28,27 +28,27 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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1:8 umon rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּלְזַרְעָ֖ם 1 Here, **seed** is an idiom that means “offspring.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to their offspring”
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1:9 dv93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וָאֹמַ֣ר 1 Here, **I** refers back to Moses in verse 5. If it would be helpful in your language, you could repeat the name “Moses” here. Alternate translation: “I, Moses, said”
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1:9 l5mr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׂאֵ֥ת 1 Here **to carry** means “to lead” or “to govern.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to lead”
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1:10 zy9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כְּכוֹכְבֵ֥י הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם לָרֹֽב 1 Moses says **as the stars of the heaven in number** here as a generalization for emphasis. He means that God has greatly increased the number of Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “almost as numerous as the stars of heaven”
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1:10 zy9z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole כְּכוֹכְבֵ֥י הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם לָרֹֽב 1 Moses says **as the stars of the heavens in number** here as a generalization for emphasis. He means that God has greatly increased the number of Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “almost as numerous as the stars of the heavens”
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1:10 x7q2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם 1 When Moses says **your God**, he is referring to the same God whom he also worships. He is not distinguishing between the God of the Israelites and his own God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that this is the same God that Moses worships. See the chapter introduction for more information. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is our God,”\n
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1:11 aj7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֽוֹתֵכֶ֗ם יֹסֵ֧ף עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם כָּכֶ֖ם אֶ֣לֶף פְּעָמִ֑ים וִיבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶתְכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר לָכֶֽם 1 Moses is asking God to bless the Israelites. You could express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I hope that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, will add to you, as you {are}, 1000 times, and I hope that he will bless you, just as he spoke to you”
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1:11 aj7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֽוֹתֵכֶ֗ם יֹסֵ֧ף עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם כָּכֶ֖ם אֶ֣לֶף פְּעָמִ֑ים וִיבָרֵ֣ךְ אֶתְכֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר לָכֶֽם 1 Moses is asking God to bless the Israelites. You could express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I hope that Yahweh, the God of your fathers, will add to you, as you are, 1000 times, and I hope that he will bless you, just as he spoke to you”
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1:11 wrx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֽוֹתֵכֶ֗ם 1 When Moses says **your fathers**, he is also referring to his own **fathers**. He is not distinguishing between the ancestors of the Israelites and his own ancestors. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that Moses and the Israelites have the same **fathers**. Alternate translation: “the God of our fathers”
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1:11 nybe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֽוֹתֵכֶ֗ם 1 Yahweh is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your forefathers”
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1:11 h9y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יֹסֵ֧ף עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם 1 The implication is that God will **add** to the number of Israelites by births. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “add to your population”
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1:11 it3v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶ֣לֶף פְּעָמִ֑ים 1 Here, **a thousand** means “very many.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different number or another phrase that indicates that something happens many times. Alternate translation: “very many times”
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1:12 fvz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אֵיכָ֥ה אֶשָּׂ֖א לְבַדִּ֑י טָרְחֲכֶ֥ם וּמַֽשַּׂאֲכֶ֖ם וְרִֽיבְכֶֽם 1 Moses uses a question to emphasize that he cannot solve all of the Israelites' problems by himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement and use the appropriate punctuation at the end of the sentence. Alternate translation: “I cannot carry by myself your loads and your burdens and your disputes.”
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1:12 fvz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אֵיכָ֥ה אֶשָּׂ֖א לְבַדִּ֑י טָרְחֲכֶ֥ם וּמַֽשַּׂאֲכֶ֖ם וְרִֽיבְכֶֽם 1 Moses uses a question to emphasize that he cannot solve all of the Israelites' problems by himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement and use the appropriate punctuation at the end of the sentence. Alternate translation: “By myself, I cannot carry your loads and your burdens and your disputes.” or "I cannot carry your loads and your burdens and your disputes while working alone."
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1:12 l36d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֶשָּׂ֖א לְבַדִּ֑י טָרְחֲכֶ֥ם וּמַֽשַּׂאֲכֶ֖ם 1 Here Moses speaks of the people’s problems and complaints that he needed to solve as if they were heavy physical **loads** and **burdens** that he needed to **carry**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable figure of speech or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will I make a decision by myself for your issues and your concerns”
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1:12 xa3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet טָרְחֲכֶ֥ם וּמַֽשַּׂאֲכֶ֖ם 1 The terms **loads** and **burdens** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “your heavy loads”
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1:13 q6g6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֲכָמִ֧ים וּנְבֹנִ֛ים 1 The terms **wise** and **understanding** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “very wise”
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1:13 ue4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִידֻעִ֖ים 1 Here **well-known** means “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and of good reputation”
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1:13 ue4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִידֻעִ֖ים 1 Here, **well-known** means “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning, or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and reputable”
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1:13 eea5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּרָאשֵׁיכֶֽם 1 Here **heads** means “leaders.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as leaders”
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1:15 zzio rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רָאשֵׁ֣י & רָאשִׁ֖ים 1 Here **heads** means “leaders.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the leaders of … as leaders”
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1:15 u5jy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִֽידֻעִ֔ים 1 Here **well-known** means “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and of good reputation”
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1:15 u5jy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וִֽידֻעִ֔ים 1 Here **well-known** means “of good reputation.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use a comparable expression from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and reputable”
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1:15 t5iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers אֲלָפִ֜ים & מֵא֗וֹת & חֲמִשִּׁים֙ & עֲשָׂרֹ֔ת 1 Alternate translation: “groups of 1,000 … groups of 100 … groups of 50 … groups of 10”
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1:15 w87y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׂרֵ֨י אֲלָפִ֜ים וְשָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֗וֹת וְשָׂרֵ֤י חֲמִשִּׁים֙ וְשָׂרֵ֣י עֲשָׂרֹ֔ת 1 The implication is that the leaders are in charge of groups of fighting men. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “leaders of thousands of fighting men and leaders of hundreds of fighting men and leaders of fifties of fighting men and leaders of tens of fighting men”
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1:15 s3vi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶֽם 1 The implication is that Moses appointed leaders for each of the tribes of Israel. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from each of your tribes”
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1:16 imou rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲחֵיכֶם֙ & אָחִ֖יו 1 Here **brothers** and **brother** refer to any Israelite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your fellow Israelites … a fellow Israelite”
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1:16 k0bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׁמֹ֤עַ בֵּין אֲחֵיכֶם֙ 1 Here, **listen** means “listen to evidence in a legal case.” The judge is **in between** each party involved in the case and will listen to each party. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Listen to the evidence from both sides of the legal case”
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1:16 x7e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וּשְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם 1 Here, the form of **judge** is not a command, but Moses is using the form to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “and you must judge”
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1:16 k0bw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׁמֹ֤עַ בֵּין אֲחֵיכֶם֙ 1 Here, **Listen** means “listen to the evidence in a legal case.” The judge is **in between** each party involved in the case and will listen to each party. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to the evidence from both sides of the legal case”
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1:16 x7e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וּשְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם 1 Here, the form of the word **judge** is not a command, but Moses is using the form to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “and you must decide”
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1:16 rdg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אֲחֵיכֶם֙ & אִ֥ישׁ & אָחִ֖יו & גֵּרֽוֹ 1 Although the terms **brother**, **man**, **his**, and **him** are masculine, Moses is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “your fellow Israelites … an Israelite … another Israelite … the foreigner with the Israelite”
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1:16 z0ng rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בֵּֽין־אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵין־אָחִ֖יו וּבֵ֥ין גֵּרֽוֹ 1 Here, Moses repeats **between** to describe different types of relationships that could require judgment among the Israelites. The first relationship involves two Israelites. The second relationship involves an Israelite and a non-Israelite. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a form that describes relationships between individuals. Alternate translation: “between a man and his brother, and also between a man and the foreigner with him”
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1:17 k656 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹֽא־תַכִּ֨ירוּ פָנִ֜ים 1 Here, **recognize a face** is an idiom that means “show partiality.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You shall not play favorites” or “You shall not show partiality”
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@ -57,14 +57,14 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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1:17 tw6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן 1 The implication is that the judges will **hear** legal cases. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you should hear legal cases”
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1:17 l3vl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism כַּקָּטֹ֤ן כַּגָּדֹל֙ 1 Here, **small** and **great** refer to all of the Israelites by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of Israelite society. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all Israelites alike”
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1:17 tl9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj כַּקָּטֹ֤ן כַּגָּדֹל֙ 1 Moses is using the adjectives **small** and **great** as nouns to mean small people and great people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “small people and great people”
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1:17 zbxp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹ֤א תָג֨וּרוּ֙ מִפְּנֵי־אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֥י הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט לֵאלֹהִ֣ים ה֑וּא 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “The judgment, it is before God, so you shall not be afraid from the face of man”
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1:17 zbxp rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹ֤א תָג֨וּרוּ֙ מִפְּנֵי־אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֥י הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט לֵאלֹהִ֣ים ה֑וּא 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “The judgment, it is before God, so do not be afraid from the face of man”
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1:17 jze3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִפְּנֵי 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the presence of”
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1:17 d6rd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִ֔ישׁ 1 Although the term **man** is masculine, Moses is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person”
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1:17 insr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט לֵאלֹהִ֣ים ה֑וּא 1 Moses is speaking of the Israelites' legal cases as if they were objects that **belong to God**. Moses means that God decides what is right and wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “God knows which decision is right or wrong”
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1:17 gn5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תַּקְרִב֥וּן 1 Moses is speaking of legal cases as if they were objects that the Israelites could physically **bring** to him. Moses means that the Israelites should let him decide the case. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you shall refer”
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1:17 spb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּשְׁמַעְתִּֽיו 1 The implication is that Moses will not only **hear** the legal case, but also decide on a solution. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and I shall hear it and decide.”
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1:17 spb9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּשְׁמַעְתִּֽיו 1 The implication is that Moses will not only **hear** the legal case, but also decide on a solution. You could include this information if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and I shall hear it and decide” or "and I shall hear and decide it"
|
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1:19 s8zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהַנּוֹרָ֨א 1 The implication is that the wilderness causes terror because it is dangerous. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and unsafe”
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1:21 itcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְ֠אֵה 1 Yahweh is using the term **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
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1:21 itcd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְ֠אֵה 1 Yahweh is using the term **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “See” or "Notice"
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1:21 sel7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd רְ֠אֵה & אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ לְפָנֶ֖יךָ & עֲלֵ֣ה רֵ֗שׁ & אֲבֹתֶ֨יךָ֙ לָ֔ךְ & אַל־תִּירָ֖א וְאַל־תֵּחָֽת 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you**, **your**, and the command forms are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
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1:21 cl66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְפָנֶ֖יךָ 1 Here, the word **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
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1:21 c9fo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲלֵ֣ה 1 Here, **go up** means “go fight.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “attack”
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@ -80,55 +80,55 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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1:23 xkb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וָאֶקַּ֤ח 1 Here, **took** means “chose.” Moses speaks of choosing men as if he were physically taking them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I selected”
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1:24 tock rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַיִּפְנוּ֙ 1 Here, **they** refers back to the “12 men” whom Moses chose in [verse 23](../deu/01/23.md). If it would be helpful for your readers, you could clarify this information. Alternate translation: “And the 12 men turned”
|
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1:24 n7e4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַיִּפְנוּ֙ וַיַּעֲל֣וּ 1 Here, the word **turn** describes the beginning of action. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “And they started to go”
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1:24 mdt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “and they went”
|
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1:24 mdt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ 1 In a context such as this, your language might say “went” instead of **came**. Alternate translation: “And they went”
|
||||
1:24 m2qr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֣חַל אֶשְׁכֹּ֑ל 1 Here, **the Valley of Eshkol** is the name of a place. This is a valley in the Hebron region, which is south of Jerusalem.
|
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1:25 c795 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַיִּקְח֤וּ בְיָדָם֙ 1 The expression **they took with their hands** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “And they took”
|
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1:25 gns5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּקְח֤וּ 1 Here, the word **took** means “pluck” or “harvest.” Alternate translation: “And they plucked”
|
||||
1:25 gns5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּקְח֤וּ 1 Here, the word **took** means “plucked” or “harvested.” Alternate translation: “And they plucked”
|
||||
1:25 w02p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns מִפְּרִ֣י 1 In this verse, the word **fruit** is singular in form, but it refers to all the fruit of the land as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “some fruit of”
|
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1:25 et1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַיָּשִׁ֨בוּ אֹתָ֤נוּ דָבָר֙ 1 Here, **a word** means “a report.” The text describes the **word** as if it were a physical object that someone could **return** to someone else. Alternate translation: “And they reported to us”
|
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1:25 dgea rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ טוֹבָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽנוּ 1 If your language would not use a direct quotation inside of a direct quotation, you could translate the second direct quotation as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and said that the land that Yahweh our God is giving to us is good”
|
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1:25 eknv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽנוּ 1 Here the present tense could: (1) refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “is about to give us” (2) refer to something that has already happened. Alternate translation: “has given to us” See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:8](../01/08.md).
|
||||
1:26 t13i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַעֲלֹ֑ת 1 Here, **go up** means “go fight.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to fight”
|
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1:26 k4x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּ֥י 1 Here, **mouth** refers to Yahweh’s commands and what he says to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the command of”
|
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1:27 vy6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַתֵּרָגְנ֤וּ בְאָהֳלֵיכֶם֙ וַתֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ 1 Here, the text uses two verbs of speaking, **grumbled** and **said**, to introduce direct speech. If it is unnatural in your language to use two verbs of speech, you could use only one. Alternate translation: “And you grumbled in your tents,”
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||||
1:27 vy6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וַתֵּרָגְנ֤וּ בְאָהֳלֵיכֶם֙ וַתֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ 1 Here, the text uses two verbs of speaking, **grumbled** and **said**, to introduce direct speech. If it is unnatural in your language to use two verbs of speech, you could use only one. Alternate translation: “And you grumbled in your tents, saying”
|
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1:27 gpei rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּשִׂנְאַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔נוּ 1 Here, the Israelites are using the possessive form to describe the **hatred** that they believe Yahweh is showing towards them. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a verb to show how **hatred** and **Yahweh** are related. Alternate translation: “Since Yahweh hates us,”
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1:27 u8rq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּשִׂנְאַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔נוּ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **hatred**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “Since Yahweh hates us”
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1:27 am5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיַ֥ד הָאֱמֹרִ֖י 1 The word **hand** refers to the power of the owner of the hand, **the Amorites**. Alternate translation: “into the power of the Amorites”
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1:28 dm6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion אָנָ֣ה ׀ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ עֹלִ֗ים 1 The Israelites use a question to emphasize that they are afraid of the Amorites and do not want to go near them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nowhere safe to go.”
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1:28 foq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָנָ֣ה ׀ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ עֹלִ֗ים 1 The implication is that the Israelites are camping in a valley, so they must travel **up** the hilly area when they **go** into the land that Yahweh promised to give to them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Where can we go up from this valley”
|
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1:28 s442 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַחֵינוּ֩ 1 Here, **our brothers** refers back to the “12 men” in [verse 23](../deu/01/23.md) who scouted the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Our 12 brothers who scouted the land”
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1:28 s442 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַחֵינוּ֩ 1 Here, the term ** Our brothers** refers back to the “12 men” in [verse 23](../deu/01/23.md) who scouted the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Our 12 brothers who scouted the land”
|
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1:28 qpgk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַחֵינוּ֩ 1 Here **brothers** refers to other Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Our fellow Israelites”
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1:28 x4y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֵמַ֨סּוּ אֶת־לְבָבֵ֜נוּ 1 Here, the phrase **have caused our heart to melt** means that the **brothers** made the rest of the Israelites feel weak and afraid. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have made my heart skip a beat” or “have made us very afraid” \n
|
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1:28 x4y4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הֵמַ֨סּוּ אֶת־לְבָבֵ֜נוּ 1 Here, the phrase **have caused our heart to melt** means that the **brothers** made the rest of the Israelites feel weak and afraid. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have made my heart skip a beat” or “have made us very fearful” \n
|
||||
1:28 yik3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns לְבָבֵ֜נוּ 1 In this verse, the word **heart** is singular in form, but it refers to all the hearts of the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “our hearts”
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1:28 yi6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵאמֹ֗ר עַ֣ם גָּד֤וֹל וָרָם֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ עָרִ֛ים גְּדֹלֹ֥ת וּבְצוּרֹ֖ת בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְגַם־בְּנֵ֥י עֲנָקִ֖ים רָאִ֥ינוּ שָֽׁם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation, without the preceding comma: “by saying that the people are greater and taller than us, with cities great and fortified to the heavens, and also, that they have seen the sons of the Anakim there”
|
||||
1:28 ckkl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet גָּד֤וֹל וָרָם֙ 1 Here, the term **greater** could mean: (1) “more powerful.” Alternate translation: “are stronger and taller” (2) “greater in size.” In this case, the terms **greater** and **taller** mean similar things. The Israelites are using the two terms together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “are much bigger”
|
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1:28 vs1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole וּבְצוּרֹ֖ת בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם 1 The Israelites say **fortified to the heavens** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “and extremely well-fortified”
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1:28 brf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֥י 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of”
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1:29 ukp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לֹא־תַֽעַרְצ֥וּן וְֽלֹא־תִֽירְא֖וּן מֵהֶֽם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Do not be terrified, nor be afraid of them”
|
||||
1:29 dgo7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹא־תַֽעַרְצ֥וּן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not be anxious”
|
||||
1:30 l93e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַהֹלֵ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם 1 When Moses says that Yahweh **walks before** the Israelites, he is describing how Yahweh guides them and protects them. See the chapter introduction for more information about Yahweh's presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who guides you,”
|
||||
1:29 dgo7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֹא־תַֽעַרְצ֥וּן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not fear”
|
||||
1:30 l93e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַהֹלֵ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם 1 When Moses says that Yahweh **walks before** the Israelites, he is describing how Yahweh guides them and protects them. See the chapter introduction for more information about Yahweh's presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who guides you”
|
||||
1:30 sv3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם 1 Here, the word **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
|
||||
1:30 wdr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְעֵינֵיכֶֽם 1 Here, **eyes** represents seeing. The Israelites could see physical proof that Yahweh fought for them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternative translation: “in your sight”
|
||||
1:31 yy3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רָאִ֔יתָ 1 Here, Moses speaks of experiencing something as if it were being **seen**. If this word does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have experienced”
|
||||
1:31 t94m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd רָאִ֔יתָ & נְשָׂאֲךָ֙ & אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **your** are singular here. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
||||
1:31 b4n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְשָׂאֲךָ֙ 1 Here, **carried** means “led” and “protected.” If this word does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “protected you” or "took care of you"
|
||||
1:31 awy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָּׂא־אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־בְּנ֑וֹ 1 Moses is saying that Yahweh guiding and protecting the Israelites is like how **a man carries his son**, because a father will help his son when the unable to do something by himself. A father will hold his son, protect his son, and help his son go where he needs to go. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “as a father carries his child who is too weak to walk”
|
||||
1:31 awy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָּׂא־אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־בְּנ֑וֹ 1 Moses is saying that Yahweh guiding and protecting the Israelites is like how **a man carries his son**, because a father will help his son when the son is unable to do something by himself. A father will hold his son, protect his son, and help his son go where he needs to go. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “as a father carries his child who is too weak to walk”
|
||||
1:31 ivd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 Here, **this place** refers to the base of Mt. Sinai where the Israelites camped. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “this mountain where you are camping.”
|
||||
1:32 hy2f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּבַדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה 1 Here, **this word** represents what Yahweh said. Yahweh said in a promise that he will fight for the Israelites and cause them to possess the land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But in this promise from Yahweh”
|
||||
1:33 gg6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵיכֶ֜ם 1 Here, **before your faces** represents being in the presence of these people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
|
||||
1:33 w2xc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּאֵ֣שׁ ׀ לַ֗יְלָה לַרְאֹֽתְכֶם֙ בַּדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽלְכוּ־בָ֔הּ וּבֶעָנָ֖ן יוֹמָֽם 1 These phrases refer to [Exodus 13:21–22](../exo/13/21.md), which explains how Yahweh led the Israelites with a pillar of fire and pillar of cloud. After the Israelites left Egypt, they did not know which direction to go. They needed Yahweh to guide them, and Yahweh chose to guide them through the physical signs of fire and cloud.
|
||||
1:33 o90m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽלְכוּ־בָ֔הּ 1 The expression **that you should go in it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “that you should go”
|
||||
1:34 a5i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ק֣וֹל דִּבְרֵיכֶ֑ם 1 Here, the phrase **the sound of your words** means “what you were saying.” Alternate translation: “what you were saying”
|
||||
1:34 a5i6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ק֣וֹל דִּבְרֵיכֶ֑ם 1 Here, the phrase **the sound of your words** means “what you were saying.” Alternate translation: “what you were saying” or "what you said"\n
|
||||
1:34 gv71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹֽר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language.
|
||||
1:35 n9j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אִישׁ֙ בָּאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה 1 Although the words **man** and **men** are masculine, Yahweh is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “one person of these people of”
|
||||
1:35 l5ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole יִרְאֶ֥ה 1 Yahweh says **see** here as a generalization for emphasis. He means that the rebellious Israelites will not be able to enter and live in the land that Yahweh promised them. They will not even get close enough to see it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “shall live in”
|
||||
1:36 ai2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יְפֻנֶּה֙ 1 The word **Jephunneh** is the name of Caleb's father.
|
||||
1:36 p6yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns ה֣וּא יִרְאֶ֔נָּה 1 Yahweh uses the word **himself** to emphasize how significant it was that Yahweh is allowing Caleb but not Moses or the rebellious Israelites to enter the land. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “only he shall see it.”
|
||||
1:36 p6yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns ה֣וּא יִרְאֶ֔נָּה 1 Yahweh uses the word **himself** to emphasize how significant it was that Yahweh is allowing Caleb but not Moses or the rebellious Israelites to enter the land. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “only he shall see it”
|
||||
1:36 z43i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ה֣וּא יִרְאֶ֔נָּה 1 Here **see** means “approach in order to possess.” If this word does not have that meaning in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he himself shall go into it”
|
||||
1:36 s7rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְלֽוֹ־אֶתֵּ֧ן אֶת־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דָּֽרַךְ־בָּ֖הּ וּלְבָנָ֑יו יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלֵּ֖א אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could move the last phrase to the beginning, since the last phrase gives the reason for the result that the beginning of the sentence describes. Alternate translation: “He is wholly after Yahweh, so to him I will give the land that he has stepped on, and to his sons.”
|
||||
1:36 s7rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְלֽוֹ־אֶתֵּ֧ן אֶת־הָאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר דָּֽרַךְ־בָּ֖הּ וּלְבָנָ֑יו יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלֵּ֖א אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could move the last phrase to the beginning, since the last phrase gives the reason for the result that the beginning of the sentence describes. Alternate translation: “He is wholly after Yahweh, so to him I will give the land that he has stepped on, and to his sons”
|
||||
1:36 hwf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּלְבָנָ֑יו 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to his offspring”
|
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1:36 namd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִלֵּ֖א אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 The implication is that Caleb follows **after Yahweh** and obeys him completely. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “he wholly obeys Yahweh’”
|
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1:36 ix6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “after me, Yahweh”\n\n
|
||||
1:36 ix6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “after me, Yahweh”\n\n
|
||||
1:37 j94d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit גַּם־בִּי֙ הִתְאַנַּ֣ף יְהוָ֔ה בִּגְלַלְכֶ֖ם 1 This refers to [Numbers 20](Num/20/10.md), when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. The Israelite people complained that they did not have water in the wilderness. Yahweh told Moses to speak to the rock so water would come out, but Moses disobeyed Yahweh and struck the rock with his staff. As a result, Yahweh promised that Moses would not enter the land.
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1:38 du4b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נוּן֙ 1 The word **Nun** is the name of Joshua’s father.
|
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1:38 ze5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הָעֹמֵ֣ד 1 The implication is that Joshua **stands** before the Israelites as a servant before their master. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “who stands as your servant”
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@ -141,10 +141,10 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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1:41 tnnn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns אֲנַ֤חְנוּ נַעֲלֶה֙ וְנִלְחַ֔מְנוּ 1 The Israelites use the word **ourselves** to emphasize that they are very willing to obey God and go fight. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “We will even go up and fight”
|
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1:41 zg19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַעֲלֹ֥ת הָהָֽרָה 1 Here, **go up** means “fight.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to attack the hill {country}.”
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1:41 l3as rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הָהָֽרָה 1 Here, **hill {country}** refers to the people that live in that area. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the people who live in the hill {country}”
|
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1:42 zjfh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹ֤א תַֽעֲלוּ֙ וְלֹא־תִלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ כִּ֥י אֵינֶ֖נִּי בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּֽגְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could move the last phrase to the beginning, since the last phrase gives the reason for the result that the beginning of the sentence describes. Alternate translation: “I will not be among you, so do not go up and do not fight, so you will not be defeated before the face of your enemies.”
|
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1:42 zjfh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹ֤א תַֽעֲלוּ֙ וְלֹא־תִלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ כִּ֥י אֵינֶ֖נִּי בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּֽגְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could move the last phrase to the beginning, since the last phrase gives the reason for the result that the beginning of the sentence describes. Alternate translation: “I will not be among you, so do not go up and do not fight, and you will not be defeated before the face of your enemies.”
|
||||
1:42 ahae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֤א תַֽעֲלוּ֙ 1 Here, **go up** means “approach in battle.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not go to war”
|
||||
1:42 vgw8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּֽגְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “or your enemies will defeat you”
|
||||
1:42 i703 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּֽגְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם 1 Yahweh is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that the Israelites will **be defeated** if they “fight”. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “otherwise you will be defeated before the face of your enemies”
|
||||
1:42 i703 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּֽגְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם 1 Yahweh is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that the Israelites will **be defeated** if they “fight”. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “or you will be defeated before the face of your enemies”
|
||||
1:42 vuy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֖י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by”
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||||
1:42 ps2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֵינֶ֖נִּי בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם 1 As God, Yahweh is always everywhere. The implication is that Yahweh **will not be among** the Israelites in a special way to help them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. See chapter introduction for more information. Alternate translation: “I will not help you”
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||||
1:43 q8fb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פִּ֣י 1 Here, **mouth** refers to Yahweh’s commands and what he says to do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the command of”
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@ -160,10 +160,10 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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1:45 tvc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְלֹֽא־שָׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ בְּקֹ֣לְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א הֶאֱזִ֖ין אֲלֵיכֶֽם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh did not listen to your voice, nor did he give ear to you”
|
||||
1:46 fnvl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים כַּיָּמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּֽם 1 The expression **according to the days that you stayed {there}** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “many days.”
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2:intro ji46 0 # Deuteronomy 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter continues Moses’ first speech from the previous chapter.\n\n- vv. 1-11: Moses recounts the Israelites’ journey from the wilderness to the land of the Edomites, Moabites, and Ammonites\n- vv. 24-37: Moses recounts how Yahweh allowed the Israelites to defeat King Sihon\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### God knows everything, sees everything, and is everywhere\nAs God, Yahweh knows everything past, present, and future. And, as God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. In verse 7, Moses explains that Yahweh was with the Israelites in a special way.\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Quotes in quotes\nIn this chapter, Moses gives a speech and quotes what other people said. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate or format this passage so that there are not quotations within a quotation. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])\n\n### Pronouns\nIn this chapter, the second person pronoun “you” is plural unless otherwise noted. Moses is speaking to all of the Israelites at Horeb, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.\n\n### Moses represents the Israelites\nThe singular pronoun “you” occurs when Yahweh speaks directly to Moses. The Israelites requested that Moses speak to Yahweh on their behalf because the Israelites fear Yahweh and do not want to speak directly to him. Moses acts as a representative on behalf of all the Israelites. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could clarify that Yahweh wants Moses to tell the Israelites everything that Yahweh says.\n
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2:1 ys5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַנֵּ֜פֶן 1 The implication is that the Israelites **turned** around and went back the way they came. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And we turned around”
|
||||
2:1 ys5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַנֵּ֜פֶן 1 The implication is that the Israelites **turned** around and went back the way they came. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And we turned around” or "And we turned back"\n""\n\n
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||||
2:1 b9af rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָמִ֥ים רַבִּֽים 1 Here, the phrase **many days** means “a long time.” [Numbers 14:33-34](../num/14/33.md) tells us that the Israelites wandered in the desert for 40 years. Many of those 40 years were spent around Mount Seir. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “a very long time”
|
||||
2:2 l1m8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹֽר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language.
|
||||
2:3 xhnw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo פְּנ֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם 1 The expression **turn yourselves** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “Turn”
|
||||
2:3 xhnw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo פְּנ֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם 1 The expression **Turn yourselves** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “Turn”
|
||||
2:4 p210 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְאֶת־הָעָם֮ צַ֣ו לֵאמֹר֒ אַתֶּ֣ם עֹֽבְרִ֗ים בִּגְבוּל֙ אֲחֵיכֶ֣ם 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation, as modeled by the UST. Alternate translation: “And command the people to cross the border of their brothers”
|
||||
2:4 t4vc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹר֒ 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language.
|
||||
2:4 u7cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בִּגְבוּל֙ אֲחֵיכֶ֣ם 1 Here, Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **the border** around the land that is occupied by the **brothers** of the Israelites. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “into the land occupied by your brothers”
|
||||
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@ -172,14 +172,14 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
2:4 hlaq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם מְאֹֽד 1 Here, the form of **you should be exceedingly on guard** is not a command form, but Yahweh is using the phrase to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Be exceedingly on guard!”
|
||||
2:5 mzpa rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אַל־תִּתְגָּר֣וּ בָ֔ם כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֤ן לָכֶם֙ מֵֽאַרְצָ֔ם עַ֖ד מִדְרַ֣ךְ כַּף־רָ֑גֶל כִּֽי־יְרֻשָּׁ֣ה לְעֵשָׂ֔ו נָתַ֖תִּי אֶת־הַ֥ר שֵׂעִֽיר 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these phrases, since the last phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “I have given Mount Seir to Esau, so I will not give you any of their land, even as little as a step of the sole of a foot, so you shall not fight them”
|
||||
2:5 h7uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֠י 1 Here, the word **for** introduces the reason why the Israelites **shall not fight** the descendants of Esau. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different a word or phrase that introduces a reason. Alternate translation: “since”
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||||
2:5 y52q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אַל־תִּתְגָּר֣וּ בָ֔ם 1 Here, the form of **you shall not fight them** is not a command form, but Yahweh is using the phrase to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Do not fight them”
|
||||
2:5 y52q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אַל־תִּתְגָּר֣וּ בָ֔ם 1 Here, the form of **You shall not fight them** is not a command form, but Yahweh is using the phrase to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Do not fight them”
|
||||
2:5 e5j7 עַ֖ד מִדְרַ֣ךְ כַּף־רָ֑גֶל 1 Alternate translation: “even as little as the length of a footstep”
|
||||
2:5 m4jy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְעֵשָׂ֔ו 1 Yahweh is using **Esau** to represent Esau and all of his descendants. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to Esau and his offspring”
|
||||
2:6 rd6v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֹ֣כֶל תִּשְׁבְּר֧וּ מֵֽאִתָּ֛ם בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֑ם וְגַם־מַ֜יִם תִּכְר֧וּ מֵאִתָּ֛ם בַּכֶּ֖סֶף וּשְׁתִיתֶֽם 1 This verse contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the verse. Alternate translation: “You will buy food from them, and also, you will purchase water from them”
|
||||
2:7 eq6o rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּי֩ 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason that the Israelites should obey the commands that came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Obey these commands because”
|
||||
2:7 st5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ בֵּֽרַכְךָ֗ & יָדֶ֔ךָ & לֶכְתְּךָ֔ & אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹ֥א חָסַ֖רְתָּ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
||||
2:7 ief6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדֶ֔ךָ 1 Moses is using **hand** to represent all of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your work”
|
||||
2:7 act3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָדַ֣ע לֶכְתְּךָ֔ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַגָּדֹ֖ל הַזֶּ֑ה 1 The implication is that Yahweh **has known** everything that happened to the Israelites when they were **walking through** the **great wilderness**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “He has known what happened to you during your walking through this great wilderness”
|
||||
2:7 act3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יָדַ֣ע לֶכְתְּךָ֔ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַגָּדֹ֖ל הַזֶּ֑ה 1 The implication is that Yahweh **has known** everything that happened to the Israelites when they were **walking through** the **great wilderness**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “He has known all that happened to you during your walking through this great wilderness”
|
||||
2:7 bkwb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ 1 As God, Yahweh is always everywhere. The implication is that Yahweh was **with** the Israelites in a special way. See how you translated this concept in [1:42](../01/42.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God has been with you in a special way”
|
||||
2:7 emyu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹ֥א חָסַ֖רְתָּ דָּבָֽר 1 Moses is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “You have received all things that you required”
|
||||
2:8 n8fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַחֵ֣ינוּ בְנֵי־עֵשָׂ֗ו 1 The Israelites are descendants of Jacob, who was Esau's brother. The Israelites and the **sons of Esau** are all descendants of Isaac. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. See how you translated this in [2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “our relatives, the sons of Esau”
|
||||
|
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@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
2:9 jttu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אֶל־תָּ֨צַר֙ אֶת־מוֹאָ֔ב וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֥ר בָּ֖ם מִלְחָמָ֑ה 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “You shall not trouble Moab or fight against them in battle”
|
||||
2:9 g8pa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אֶל־תָּ֨צַר֙ & וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֥ר 1 Yahweh is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Do not trouble … and do not fight”
|
||||
2:9 ftp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מוֹאָ֔ב 1 The word **Moab** represents the people of Moab. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of Moab”
|
||||
2:9 j20t rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֠י 1 Here, the word **for** introduces the reason why the Israelites shall not fight the people of Moab. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different a word or phrase that introduces a reason. Alternate translation: “since”
|
||||
2:9 j20t rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֠י 1 Here, the word **for** introduces the reason why the Israelites shall not fight the people of Moab. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a reason. Alternate translation: “since”
|
||||
2:9 gsfb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo כִּ֠י לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֨ן לְךָ֤ מֵֽאַרְצוֹ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֣י לִבְנֵי־ל֔וֹט נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־עָ֖ר יְרֻשָּֽׁה 1 The expression to **give** someone's **land** as **a possession** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “For I will not give to you from his land, because I have given Ar to the sons of Lot”
|
||||
2:9 mx1u rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֨ן לְךָ֤ מֵֽאַרְצוֹ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֣י לִבְנֵי־ל֔וֹט נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־עָ֖ר יְרֻשָּֽׁה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “I have given Ar to the sons of Lot as a possession, so I will not give to you from his land a possession”
|
||||
2:9 i60c rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מֵֽאַרְצוֹ֙ 1 The pronoun **its** refers to Moab. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the name of the land here. Alternate translation: “from the land of Moab”
|
||||
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|
@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
2:12 kkbr rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense עָשָׂ֣ה 1 Here, the writer uses the past tense, **did**, to refer to events that happen after Moses said all these things. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the future tense. Alternate translation: “would do”
|
||||
2:12 zpks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לְאֶ֨רֶץ֙ יְרֻשָּׁת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה לָהֶֽם 1 The writer is using the possessive form to describe the **land** that **Yahweh gave** the Israelites to live in as a **possession**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “to the land that Yahweh gave them to live in as a possession”
|
||||
2:12 emtk rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense נָתַ֥ן יְהוָ֖ה לָהֶֽם 1 Here Moses could be using the past tense: (1) to refer to something that Yahweh has already done. Alternate translation: “Yahweh already gave to them” (2) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give to them” See how you translated this in [1:8](../01/08.md).
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||||
2:13 ruf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations עַתָּ֗ה קֻ֛מוּ וְעִבְר֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־נַ֣חַל זָ֑רֶד 1 The implication is that Yahweh is speaking these commands. If it would be more natural in your language, you could: (1) use a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh said, ‘Now rise up and cross yourselves the brook Zered” (2) translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh told us to rise up and cross ourselves the brook Zered”
|
||||
2:13 ruf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations עַתָּ֗ה קֻ֛מוּ וְעִבְר֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־נַ֣חַל זָ֑רֶד 1 The implication is that Yahweh is speaking these commands. If it would be more natural in your language, you could: (1) use a natural way of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh said, ‘‘Now, for yourselves, rise up and cross the brook Zered” (2) translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh told us to rise up for ourselves and cross the brook Zered”
|
||||
2:13 va2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קֻ֛מוּ 1 Here, **rise up** describes the beginning of action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “start your journey”
|
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2:13 mn1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֣חַל זָ֑רֶד & נַ֥חַל זָֽרֶד 1 The term **the brook Zered** is the name of a stream that flows into the Dead Sea. The brook goes from the southeast and creates the border between Edom and Moab.
|
||||
2:14 pphi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהַיָּמִ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֣כְנוּ ׀ מִקָּדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֗עַ עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־עָבַ֨רְנוּ֙ אֶת־נַ֣חַל זֶ֔רֶד שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה 1 Here, **days** refers to a duration of time. If this would not be clear in your language, you could use a comparable expression for the passing of time. Alternate translation: “And the time that had passed from when we came from Kadesh Barnea until we crossed the brook Zered was 38 years”
|
||||
|
|
@ -223,12 +223,12 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
2:18 yrj6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַתָּ֨ה 1 Here, the singular pronoun **you** refers to Moses. Yahweh is speaking to Moses, but he is giving commands for all of the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could (1) use plural forms of the pronoun. (2) state the audience plainly. Alternate translation: “These are instructions for you and all the Israelites. You”
|
||||
2:18 g7yv rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names עָֽר 1 The word **Ar** is the name of a city in Moab. See how you translated it in [2:9](../02/09.md).
|
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2:19 c269 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd וְקָרַבְתָּ֗ & אַל־תְּצֻרֵ֖ם וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֣ר & לְךָ֙ 1 Here, the singular pronoun **you** refers to Moses. Yahweh is speaking to Moses, but he is giving commands for all of the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could (1) use plural forms of the pronoun. (2) state the audience plainly. See how you translated this in the previous verse.
|
||||
2:19 p8cq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן & בְּנֵי־עַמּ֤וֹן & לִבְנֵי־ל֖וֹט 1 The people of **Ammon** are descendants of **Lot** like the Moabites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the sons of Ammon, who are descendants of Lot … the sons of Ammon … to the sons of Ammon”
|
||||
2:19 p8cq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן & בְּנֵי־עַמּ֤וֹן & לִבְנֵי־ל֖וֹט 1 Like the Moabites, the people of **Ammon** are also descendants of **Lot**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the sons of Ammon, who are descendants of Lot … the sons of Ammon … to the sons of Lot
|
||||
2:19 aj03 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י & בְּנֵי & לִבְנֵי 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” Although the term **sons** is masculine, Moses is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of”
|
||||
2:19 esqk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 Here, the word **for** introduces the reason why the Israelites **shall not fight** the descendants of Esau. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different a word or phrase that introduces a reason. Alternate translation: “since”
|
||||
2:19 skvn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַל־תְּצֻרֵ֖ם וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֣ר בָּ֑ם 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “You shall not trouble them, indeed, you shall not fight them”
|
||||
2:19 spp1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אַל־תְּצֻרֵ֖ם וְאַל־תִּתְגָּ֣ר בָּ֑ם 1 Yahweh is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Do not trouble them and do not fight them”
|
||||
2:19 iice rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹֽא־אֶ֠תֵּן מֵאֶ֨רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֤וֹן לְךָ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י לִבְנֵי־ל֖וֹט נְתַתִּ֥יהָ יְרֻשָּֽׁה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “I have given the land to the sons of Lot as a possession, so I will not give to you from it as a possession”
|
||||
2:19 iice rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לֹֽא־אֶ֠תֵּן מֵאֶ֨רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֤וֹן לְךָ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י לִבְנֵי־ל֖וֹט נְתַתִּ֥יהָ יְרֻשָּֽׁה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “I have given the land to the sons of Lot as a possession, so I will not give to you from it as a possession”
|
||||
2:19 ra5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo לֹֽא־אֶ֠תֵּן מֵאֶ֨רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֤וֹן לְךָ֙ יְרֻשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י לִבְנֵי־ל֖וֹט נְתַתִּ֥יהָ יְרֻשָּֽׁה 1 The expression to **give** someone's **land** as **a possession** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “I will not give to you from the land of the sons of Ammon, because I have given it to the sons of Lot”
|
||||
2:20 n15r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive אֶֽרֶץ־רְפָאִ֥ים תֵּחָשֵׁ֖ב אַף־הִ֑וא 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Also, people refer to it as a land of the Rephaim”
|
||||
2:20 p2rw rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names רְפָאִ֥ים & רְפָאִ֤ים & זַמְזֻמִּֽים 1 The words **Raphaites** and **Zamzummites** are names for the same people group. See how you translated **Raphaites** in [2:11](../02/11.md).
|
||||
|
|
@ -241,20 +241,20 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
2:22 l5ul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before them”
|
||||
2:23 i3fg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants וְהָֽעַוִּ֛ים הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים בַּחֲצֵרִ֖ים עַד־עַזָּ֑ה כַּפְתֹּרִים֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִכַּפְתּ֔וֹר 1 Here, the author introduces **the Avvites** and then describes what happened to them. If your language has its own way of introducing new participants, you could use it here in your translation. Alternate translation: “As for the Avvites who lived in villages as far as Gaza, the Caphtorites, who came from Caphtor”
|
||||
2:23 c7kb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וְהָֽעַוִּ֛ים & כַּפְתֹּרִים֙ 1 The words **Avvites** and **Caphtorites** are the names of people groups.
|
||||
2:23 wmz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִכַּפְתּ֔וֹר 1 The word **Caphtor** is the name of a place. It may be another name for the island of Crete located in the Mediterranean Sea.
|
||||
2:23 wmz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִכַּפְתּ֔וֹר 1 The word **Caphtor** is the name of a place. It may be another name for the island of Crete, located in the Mediterranean Sea.
|
||||
2:23 feg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הִשְׁמִידֻ֖ם וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתָּֽם 1 Here, the pronouns **them** and **their** refer to the Avvites. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “destroyed the Avvites and lived in their place”
|
||||
2:24 mopq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ק֣וּמוּ סְּע֗וּ וְעִבְרוּ֮ & 1 Even though Yahweh is speaking to Moses, the forms of these commands are plural. Yahweh wants Moses to tell these commands to all of the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could state the audience plainly. Alternate translation: “Tell the Israelites to rise up, journey, and pass through
|
||||
2:24 yyy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ק֣וּמוּ 1 Here, **rise up** describes the beginning of action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this term in [verse 13](../02/13.md). Alternate translation: “Begin traveling”
|
||||
2:24 yyy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ק֣וּמוּ 1 Here, **Rise up** describes the beginning of action. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this term in [verse 13](../02/13.md). Alternate translation: “Begin traveling”
|
||||
2:24 v45y rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹן֒ 1 The term **Valley of Arnon** is the name of a place.
|
||||
2:24 kvlv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֣ה 1 \nYahweh is using the term **look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to this:”
|
||||
2:24 kvlv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֣ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “See”
|
||||
2:24 hjpt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense נָתַ֣תִּי 1 Here Yahweh could be using the past tense: (1) to refer to something that he has already done. Alternate translation: “I have given” (2) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “I will give”\n
|
||||
2:24 g8xa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you בְ֠יָדְךָ & הָחֵ֣ל רָ֑שׁ וְהִתְגָּ֥ר 1 Here, the singular pronoun **your** refers to Moses. The forms of the commands are also singular. Yahweh is speaking to Moses because Moses is the leader of the Israelites, but these phrases apply to all of the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could (1) use plural forms of the pronoun. (2) state the audience plainly. See how you translated this in [verse 18](../02/18.md).
|
||||
2:24 j7cy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְ֠יָדְךָ 1 Here, the word **hand** means “power” or “control.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you power over”
|
||||
2:24 d644 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אַרְצ֖וֹ 1 Here, the possessive form describes the **land** that King Sihon rules over. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “the land he rules over”
|
||||
2:24 k7py rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בּ֖וֹ 1 Here, the pronoun **him** refers to Sihon and his army. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “against him and his army”
|
||||
2:25 il8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd פַּחְדְּךָ֙ וְיִרְאָ֣תְךָ֔ & שִׁמְעֲךָ֔ 1 Although Yahweh is speaking about all of the Israelites, Yahweh uses the singular pronouns **you** and **your**. This is because Yahweh is speaking directly to Moses who acts as a representative for the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use plural forms of the pronoun. Alternate translation: “the fear of the Israelites and the terror of the Israelites … a report of the Israelites”
|
||||
2:25 jywf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֵּ֤ת פַּחְדְּךָ֙ וְיִרְאָ֣תְךָ֔ עַל־פְּנֵי֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים 1 Here, Yahweh speaks of emotions as if they were something you could physically **put on the faces of the peoples**. He means that he will cause **the peoples** to feel **fear** and **terror**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “cause the peoples to feel the fear of you and the terror of you”
|
||||
2:25 m2y5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אָחֵל֙ תֵּ֤ת פַּחְדְּךָ֙ וְיִרְאָ֣תְךָ֔ עַל־פְּנֵי֙ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fear** and **terror**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to frighten and terrify the hearts of”
|
||||
2:25 jywf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֵּ֤ת פַּחְדְּךָ֙ וְיִרְאָ֣תְךָ֔ עַל־פְּנֵי֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים 1 Here Yahweh speaks of emotions as if they were something you could physically **put on the faces of the peoples**. He means that he will cause **the peoples** to feel **fear** and **terror**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to cause the peoples to feel the fear of you and the terror of you”
|
||||
2:25 m2y5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אָחֵל֙ תֵּ֤ת פַּחְדְּךָ֙ וְיִרְאָ֣תְךָ֔ עַל־פְּנֵי֙ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fear** and **terror**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “I will begin to cause you to frighten and terrify the hearts of”
|
||||
2:25 sayz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession פַּחְדְּךָ֙ וְיִרְאָ֣תְךָ֔ & שִׁמְעֲךָ֔ 1 Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe how the Israelites will cause **fear**, **terror**, and **a report** about them. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression that describes cause and effect. Alternate translation: “the fear caused by you and the terror caused by you … a report about you”
|
||||
2:25 jg6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet פַּחְדְּךָ֙ וְיִרְאָ֣תְךָ֔ 1 The terms **fear** and **terror** mean similar things. Yahweh is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the extremely great fear of you”
|
||||
2:25 x3s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם 1 Here, **under all the heavens** is an idiom that means “everywhere.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all over the place”
|
||||
|
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@ -270,21 +270,21 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
2:27 wu1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular בְאַרְצֶ֔ךָ 1 The word **your** is singular here because it refers to King Sihon.
|
||||
2:27 cp9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְאַרְצֶ֔ךָ 1 Moses is using the possessive form to describe the **land** that King Sihon rules over. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “the land that you rule over”
|
||||
2:27 gytl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֵלֵ֑ךְ לֹ֥א אָס֖וּר יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאול 1 These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second sentence emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the sentences with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “On the road I will go. Indeed, I will not turn right or left”
|
||||
2:27 bpdc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֵלֵ֑ךְ 1 By beginning the sentence with **on the road**, Moses is emphasizing that he will only **go** by traveling **on the road.** If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word order or phrase that clarifies this information. Alternate translation: “I will go on the road only”
|
||||
2:27 bpdc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֵלֵ֑ךְ 1 By beginning the sentence with **On the road**, Moses is emphasizing that he will only **go** by traveling upon the road and not off of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word order or phrase that clarifies this information. Alternate translation: “I will go on the road only”
|
||||
2:28 n54c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative אֹ֣כֶל בַּכֶּ֤סֶף תַּשְׁבִּרֵ֨נִי֙ וְאָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֛יִם בַּכֶּ֥סֶף תִּתֶּן־לִ֖י וְשָׁתִ֑יתִי 1 Moses is assuring Sihon that the Israelites will not trouble Sihon and his people by stealing from them. Instead, they will pay for everything they need. Moses is communicating a polite request rather than a command. Use a form in your language that communicates a polite request. It may be helpful to add an expression such as “please” to make this clear. Alternate translation: “Please sell me food for money, and I will eat. And please give to me water for money, and I will drink.”
|
||||
2:28 brfk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo אֹ֣כֶל בַּכֶּ֤סֶף תַּשְׁבִּרֵ֨נִי֙ וְאָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֛יִם בַּכֶּ֥סֶף תִּתֶּן־לִ֖י וְשָׁתִ֑יתִי 1 This verse contains expressions with extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “You will sell me food and water”
|
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2:28 jp21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תַּשְׁבִּרֵ֨נִי֙ וְאָכַ֔לְתִּי & לִ֖י וְשָׁתִ֑יתִי & אֶעְבְּרָ֥ה בְרַגְלָֽי 1 Moses is speaking on behalf of all the Israelites, so he uses the singular pronouns **me**, **I**, and **my** here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use plural pronouns or clarify to whom the pronouns refer. Alternate translation: “You will sell me and the Israelites … and we will eat … to us … and we will drink … let us pass through on our feet”
|
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2:28 oogz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶעְבְּרָ֥ה בְרַגְלָֽי 1 The implication is the Israelites will **pass through** the land peacefully by walking. They will not harass or attack the people living in the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “let me pass through peacefully on my feet”
|
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2:28 twx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְרַגְלָֽי 1 Here, **on my feet** is an idiom that means “travel by walking.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by walking”
|
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2:29 tlpc rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לִ֜י & אֶֽעֱבֹר֙ 1 Here, the singular pronouns **me** and **I** refer to Moses. Yahweh is speaking to Moses because Moses is the leader of the Israelites, but these phrases apply to all of the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use plural forms of the pronoun. Alternate translation: “for us … we pass over”
|
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2:28 jp21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche תַּשְׁבִּרֵ֨נִי֙ וְאָכַ֔לְתִּי & לִ֖י וְשָׁתִ֑יתִי & אֶעְבְּרָ֥ה בְרַגְלָֽי 1 Moses is speaking on behalf of all the Israelites, so he uses the singular pronouns **me**, **I**, and **my** here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use plural pronouns or clarify to whom the pronouns refer. Alternate translation: “You will sell me and the Israelites … and we will eat … to us … and we will drink … let us pass through on our feet”
|
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2:28 oogz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶעְבְּרָ֥ה בְרַגְלָֽי 1 The implication is that the Israelites will **pass through** the land peacefully by walking across it. They will not harass or attack the people living in the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “let me pass through peacefully on my feet”
|
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2:28 twx5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְרַגְלָֽי 1 Here, **on my feet** is an idiom that means “traveling by walking.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by walking”
|
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2:29 tlpc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לִ֜י & אֶֽעֱבֹר֙ 1 Here, the singular pronouns **me** and **I** refer to Moses. Moses is speaking to Yahweh because Moses is the leader of the Israelites, but these phrases apply to all of the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use plural forms of the pronoun. Alternate translation: “for us … we pass over”
|
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2:29 k54p rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the offspring of”
|
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2:29 nj8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּעָ֑ר 1 The word **Ar** is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:9](../02/09.md).
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2:30 n8cg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ & בְיָדְךָ֖ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **your** is singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
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2:30 fad4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הִקְשָׁה֩ & אֶת־רוּח֗וֹ & וְאִמֵּץ֙ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “had hardened his spirit; indeed, he strengthened his heart”
|
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2:30 scq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הִקְשָׁה֩ & אֶת־רוּח֗וֹ & וְאִמֵּץ֙ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ 1 Here, **hardened his spirit** and **strengthened his heart** are idioms that mean “caused him to be stubborn.” If these phrases do not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “had caused him to be stiff-necked and caused him to be as stubborn as a mule” or “had caused him to be stubborn and caused him to be obstinate”
|
||||
2:30 scq4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הִקְשָׁה֩ & אֶת־רוּח֗וֹ & וְאִמֵּץ֙ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ 1 Here, **hardened his spirit** and **strengthened his heart** are idioms that mean “caused him to be stubborn.” If these phrases do not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “had caused him to be stiff-necked and caused him to be as stubborn as a mule” or “had caused him to be resistant and caused him to be obstinate”
|
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2:30 m4wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְיָדְךָ֖ 1 Here, **hand** represents someone’s power and control. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “into your control”\n
|
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2:30 ep81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 The implication is that the Israelites control Sihon’s land at the time when Moses is giving this speech to the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as you control his land this day”
|
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2:31 f11n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֗ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **Look** to focus the Moses’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to this:”
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2:31 f11n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֗ה 1 Yahweh is using the term **Look** to focus the Moses’ attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “See now”
|
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2:31 farh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֵּ֣ת לְפָנֶ֔יךָ אֶת־סִיחֹ֖ן וְאֶת־אַרְצ֑וֹ 1 Here Yahweh speaks as if he is physically **giving** Sihon to Moses. Yahweh means that he is enabling Moses to defeat Sihon and take over the land. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “giving victory before your face over Sihon and his land”
|
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2:31 q366 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְפָנֶ֔יךָ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
|
||||
2:31 a3yy rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לְפָנֶ֔יךָ & הָחֵ֣ל רָ֔שׁ 1 Here, the singular pronoun **your** refers to Moses. In the original language, the command, **Begin, possess** is also a singular form. Yahweh is speaking to Moses, but he is giving commands for all of the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use plural forms. See how you translated this in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “before your faces … Begin, possess”
|
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@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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2:32 ampg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive לִקְרָאתֵ֜נוּ 1 By **us**, Moses means himself and the Israelite men old enough to fight, but not the rest of the Israelites, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
2:32 fczt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַמּ֛וֹ 1 Here, **his people** refers to the fighting men whom Sihon led. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “his fighting men”
|
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2:32 k97a rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יָֽהְצָה 1 The word **Jahaz** is the name of a city in Moab.
|
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2:33 u79t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֛הוּ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ 1 Here Moses speaks as if Yahweh physically **gave** Sihon to the Israelites. Moses means that Yahweh enabled the Israelites to defeat Sihon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh our God gave victory over him”
|
||||
2:33 u79t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֛הוּ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ 1 Here Moses speaks as if Yahweh physically **gave** Sihon to the Israelites. Moses means that Yahweh enabled the Israelites to defeat Sihon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh our God gave us victory over him”
|
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2:33 ker2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְפָנֵ֑ינוּ 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before us”
|
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2:33 gqev rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַנַּ֥ךְ אֹת֛וֹ 1 Here, **struck down** means killed in battle.
|
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2:33 k449 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants בנו 1 Many ancient manuscripts read “son.” The ULT follows that reading. Other ancient manuscripts read the plural, “sons.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT.
|
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@ -308,9 +308,9 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
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2:36 npii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְפָנֵֽינוּ 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before us”
|
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2:37 xjvt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure רַ֛ק אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ בְּנֵי־עַמּ֖וֹן לֹ֣א קָרָ֑בְתָּ כָּל־יַ֞ד נַ֤חַל יַבֹּק֙ וְעָרֵ֣י הָהָ֔ר וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ 1 Moses means that the Israelites only traveled where Yahweh commanded them to travel, and not anywhere else. If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the phrasing of this verse. Alternate translation: “You only approached the land that Yahweh our God had commanded. You did not approach the land of the sons of Ammon, all the side of the Jabbok River, and the cities of the hill country”
|
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2:37 v1z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd לֹ֣א קָרָ֑בְתָּ 1 Even though **you** is singular in this verse, Moses is referring to himself and all the Israelites. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a different pronoun. Alternate translation: “we did not approach”
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2:37 cezq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַ֞ד 1 Here, **hand** means “side” or, as relating to a river, “shore.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the shore of”
|
||||
2:37 vt6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֤חַל יַבֹּק֙ 1 The term **Jabbok River** is the name of a river. The river created the border between Sihon’s land and the land of the Ammonites.
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3:intro z1ea 0 # Deuteronomy 3 General Notes\n\n## Outline\n- vv. 1-11: Moses recounts how the Israelites defeated King Og\n- vv. 12-22: Allotting land east of the Jordan to Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh\n- vv. 23-29: Yahweh forbids Moses from entering the land\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Victories\n\nThe victories recorded in this chapter occurred on the east side of the Jordan River. This was not part of the Promised Land, which was on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties\n\n###“Yahweh your God”\nThroughout this chapter, Moses refers to Yahweh as “your God” when he speaks to the Israelites. Moses is referring to the same God that he also worships. He is not distinguishing between the God of the Israelites and his own God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that this is the same God that Moses worships. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])\n\n### Quotes in quotes\n\nIn this chapter, Moses gives a speech and quotes what other people said. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate or format this passage so that there are not quotations within a quotation. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])\n\n### Pronouns\n\nIn this chapter, the second person pronoun “you” is plural unless otherwise noted. Moses is speaking to all of the Israelites at Horeb, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.\n\n### Time Background\n\nIn his speech, Moses reminds the Israelites about what happened to their ancestors before they entered the land that Yahweh promised to give to them. Throughout his speech, Moses repeats the phrase “at that time” to refer to events that occur during that time period. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state this information explicitly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevents]])
|
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2:37 cezq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַ֞ד 1 Here, **hand** means “side” or, as relating to a river, “the riverside.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the riverside of”
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2:37 vt6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֤חַל יַבֹּק֙ 1 The term **Jabbok River** is the name of a river. That river created the border between Sihon’s land and the land of the Ammonites.
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3:intro z1ea 0 # Deuteronomy 3 General Notes\n\n## Outline\n- vv. 1-11: Moses recounts how the Israelites defeated King Og\n- vv. 12-22: Moses allots land east of the Jordan to Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh\n- vv. 23-29: Yahweh forbids Moses from entering the land\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Victories\n\nThe victories recorded in this chapter occurred on the east side of the Jordan River. This was not part of the Promised Land, which was on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties\n\n###“Yahweh your God”\nThroughout this chapter, Moses refers to Yahweh as “your God” when he speaks to the Israelites. Moses is referring to the same God that he also worships. He is not distinguishing between the God of the Israelites and his own God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could clarify that this is the same God that Moses worships. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])\n\n### Quotes in quotes\n\nIn this chapter, Moses gives a speech and quotes what other people said. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate or format this passage so that there are not quotations within a quotation. (See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])\n\n### Pronouns\n\nIn this chapter, the second-person pronoun “you” is plural unless otherwise noted. Moses is speaking to all of the Israelites at Horeb, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.\n\n### Time Background\n\nIn his speech, Moses reminds the Israelites about what happened to their ancestors before they entered the land that Yahweh promised to give to them. Throughout his speech, Moses repeats the phrase “at that time” to refer to events that occurred during that time period. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could state this information explicitly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevents]])
|
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3:1 b1tm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַנֵּ֣פֶן 1 The implication is that the Israelites **turned** north from Sihon's land to go to Bashan. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And we turned northward”
|
||||
3:1 lu1c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַנַּ֔עַל 1 Here, the term **went up** means "traveled upon." You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and traveled upon”
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3:1 sahw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession דֶּ֖רֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֑ן 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe a **road** that goes through the region of **Bashan**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different way to explain the relationship between **road** and **Bashan**. Alternate translation: “the road in the region of Bashan”
|
||||
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@ -318,15 +318,15 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
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3:1 ylw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיֵּצֵ֣א עוֹג֩ מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָׁ֨ן לִקְרָאתֵ֜נוּ 1 The implication is that Og **came out** of the city where he lived in order to fight against the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And Og, the king of the Bashan, came out from his city to attack us”
|
||||
3:1 zned rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive לִקְרָאתֵ֜נוּ 1 By **us**, Moses means himself and the Israelite men old enough to fight but not the rest of the Israelites, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
|
||||
3:1 xyiq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַמּ֛וֹ 1 Here, **people** refers to fighting men. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “his fighting men”
|
||||
3:1 ki4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עַמּ֛וֹ 1 Moses is using the possessive form to describe **people** who King Og leads. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable phrase to describe the relationship between Og and the **people**. Alternate translation: “the people that he led”
|
||||
3:1 ki4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עַמּ֛וֹ 1 Moses is using the possessive form to describe **people** whom King Og leads. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable phrase to describe the relationship between Og and the **people**. Alternate translation: “the people whom King Og led”
|
||||
3:1 v626 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names אֶדְרֶֽעִי 1 The word **Edrei** is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
3:2 hn64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you אֵלַי֙ & אַל־תִּירָ֣א & בְיָדְךָ֞ & וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ & עָשִׂ֗יתָ 1 \n\nHere, the singular pronouns **me**, **you**, and **your** refer to Moses. Yahweh is speaking to Moses, but he is giving commands for all of the Israelites. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use plural forms of the pronoun. Alternate translation: “to us, ‘You shall not fear … into your hands. And you will do … you did”
|
||||
3:2 a2ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אַל־תִּירָ֣א 1 Here, the form of **fear** is not a command, but Yahweh is using the form to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Do not fear”
|
||||
3:2 hn64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אֵלַי֙ & אַל־תִּירָ֣א & בְיָדְךָ֞ & וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ & עָשִׂ֗יתָ 1 \n\nHere, the singular pronouns **me**, **you**, and **your** refer to Moses. Yahweh is speaking to Moses, but he is giving commands to all of the Israelites. If this is not clear to your readers, you could use plural forms of the pronoun. Alternate translation: “to us, ‘You shall not fear … into your hands. And you will do … you did”
|
||||
3:2 a2ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אַל־תִּירָ֣א 1 Here, the form of **fear** is not a command, but Yahweh is using the form to give an instruction or a command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “Do not fear”
|
||||
3:2 w3dp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֹת֔וֹ & אֹת֛וֹ & עַמּ֖וֹ & אַרְצ֑וֹ & לּ֔וֹ 1 Here, the words **him** and **his** refer back to Og in the previous verse. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Og … Og … his people … his land … to him”
|
||||
3:2 dgpy rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “this is because”
|
||||
3:2 tvji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְיָדְךָ֞ 1 Here, the word **hand** means “power” or “control.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “under your control”
|
||||
3:2 w9tj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense נָתַ֧תִּי 1 Here Yahweh could be using the past tense: (1) to refer to something that he has already done. Alternate translation: “I have already given” (2) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “I will give”
|
||||
3:3 n4lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיָדֵ֗נוּ 1 Here, the word **hand** means “power” or “control.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “into your control”
|
||||
3:3 n4lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיָדֵ֗נוּ 1 Here, the word **hand** means “power” or “control.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “into our control”
|
||||
3:3 maii rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַנַּכֵּ֕הוּ 1 Here, **struck down** means “defeated in battle.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And we smote him” or "And we slew them"
|
||||
3:4 nwb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives לֹ֤א הָֽיְתָה֙ קִרְיָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־לָקַ֖חְנוּ מֵֽאִתָּ֑ם שִׁשִּׁ֥ים עִיר֙ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the repeated negative particle **not**. Alternate translation: “We took from them every city of 60 cities”
|
||||
3:4 x9q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חֶ֣בֶל אַרְגֹּ֔ב 1 The word **Argob** is the name of a **region** within the country Bashan.
|
||||
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@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
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3:8 b5q8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַ֥ר חֶרְמֽוֹן 1 The term **Mount Hermon** is the name of a mountain at the northern border of Bashan.
|
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3:9 c5pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background צִידֹנִ֛ים יִקְרְא֥וּ לְחֶרְמ֖וֹן שִׂרְיֹ֑ן וְהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י יִקְרְאוּ־ל֖וֹ שְׂנִֽיר 1 This verse provides background information about the land that the Israelites conquered. This information helps readers understand what happened in the story. These verses are not part of Moses’ speech to the Israelites. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
|
||||
3:9 yoxl rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names צִידֹנִ֛ים 1 The word **Sidonians** is the name of a people group.
|
||||
3:9 nk7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְחֶרְמ֖וֹן שִׂרְיֹ֑ן & שְׂנִֽיר 1 The words **Hermon**, **Sirion**, and **Senir** are all names for the same mountain which is at the northern border of Bashan.
|
||||
3:9 nk7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names לְחֶרְמ֖וֹן שִׂרְיֹ֑ן & שְׂנִֽיר 1 The words **Hermon**, **Sirion**, and **Senir** are all names for the same mountain, which is at the northern border of Bashan.
|
||||
3:10 gk8j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַמִּישֹׁ֗ר 1 The **plain** is an area of high, flat land between the Arnon River and Mount Gilead. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the highland”
|
||||
3:10 x89s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עָרֵ֣י הַמִּישֹׁ֗ר 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **cities** that are located on **the plain**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could describe the location in a comparable way. Alternate translation: “the cities located on the plain”
|
||||
3:10 g7ie rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names סַלְכָ֖ה וְאֶדְרֶ֑עִי 1 The words **Salekah** and **Edrei** are names of cities. See how you translated **Edrei** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
|
|
@ -366,18 +366,18 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
3:14 g7g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names חַוֺּ֣ת יָאִ֔יר 1 The term **Havvoth Jair** is the name of a region. The name means ‘tent villages of Jair’ or ‘realm of Jair.’
|
||||
3:14 o57c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 The implication is that the Israelites still refer to the region as Havvoth Jair on **this day**. Here, **this day** refers to the time frame introduced in [1:1-4](../01/04.md), when Moses is giving this speech to the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as you call that region to this day”
|
||||
3:15 x1nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names וּלְמָכִ֖יר 1 The word **Machir** is the name of a man. Machir was the son of Manasseh.
|
||||
3:15 nnzh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּלְמָכִ֖יר 1 He had died before Moses gave this land. His name refers to his descendants. Alternate translation: “to the descendants of Machir”
|
||||
3:15 nnzh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּלְמָכִ֖יר 1 **Machir** had died before Moses gave this land. His name refers to his descendants. Alternate translation: “to the descendants of Machir”
|
||||
3:15 fik9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns נָתַ֥תִּי 1 Here the pronoun **I** refers to Moses. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “I, Moses, gave”
|
||||
3:16 n3af rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹ֔ן 1 The term **Valley of Arnon** is the name of a place. See how you translated it in [2:24](../02/24.md).
|
||||
3:16 x4dj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִן־הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְעַד־נַ֣חַל אַרְנֹ֔ן 1 The implication is that **the Valley of Arnon** is the southern border of **Gilead**. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. \n
|
||||
3:16 ni9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names יַבֹּ֣ק הַנַּ֔חַל 1 The term **Jabbok River** is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [2:37](../02/37.md).
|
||||
3:16 c3df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy גְּב֖וּל בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **the border** around the land that is occupied by the **sons of Ammon** of the Israelites. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “the border of the land occupied by the sons of Ammon”
|
||||
3:16 c3df rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession גְּב֖וּל בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **the border** around the land that is occupied by the **sons of Ammon** of the Israelites. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a comparable expression. Alternate translation: “the border of the land occupied by the sons of Ammon”
|
||||
3:16 nkm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֥י 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the descendants of”
|
||||
3:17 y51g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִכִּנֶּ֗רֶת 1 The word **Kinnereth** is the name of a sea. It is also called “the Sea of Galilee.”
|
||||
3:17 xce7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תַּ֛חַת אַשְׁדֹּ֥ת 1 The phrase **under the slopes of** means “at the base of” when referring to a mountain. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the foot of” or “at the base of”
|
||||
3:17 y51g rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מִכִּנֶּ֗רֶת 1 The word **Kinnereth** is the name of a large fresh-water lake that is also called “the Sea of Galilee.”
|
||||
3:17 xce7 תַּ֛חַת אַשְׁדֹּ֥ת 1 Alternate translation: “at the foot of” or “at the base of”
|
||||
3:17 w6xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַפִּסְגָּ֖ה 1 The word **Pisgah** is the name of a mountain.
|
||||
3:18 i7wz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וָאֲצַ֣ו אֶתְכֶ֔ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language. Alternate translation: “And I commanded you at that time”
|
||||
3:18 i1zt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֶתְכֶ֔ם & אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֗ם & לָכֶ֜ם & אֲחֵיכֶ֥ם 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** refer to the people of the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the names of the tribes here. Alternate translation: “you three tribes … your … to you … your brothers”
|
||||
3:18 i7wz rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וָאֲצַ֣ו אֶתְכֶ֔ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language. Alternate translation: “And I commanded you at that time” or "And at that time I commanded you"\n\n
|
||||
3:18 i1zt rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֶתְכֶ֔ם & אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֗ם & לָכֶ֜ם & אֲחֵיכֶ֥ם 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** refer to the people of the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the names of the tribes here. Alternate translation: “you three tribes … your God … to you tribesmen … the other tribesmen”
|
||||
3:18 c6xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo נָתַ֨ן לָכֶ֜ם אֶת־הָאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ 1 The expression **has given to you this land to possess it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “has given you this land”
|
||||
3:18 rt7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חֲלוּצִ֣ים 1 Here, **girded ones** represents fighting men. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “The fighting men”\n
|
||||
3:18 ql33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּנֵי־חָֽיִל 1 The expression **sons of** describes a person who shares the qualities of **bravery**. The fighting men were **sons of bravery** because they fought in battle. If it would be helpful, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “brave men” or "men who are brave"
|
||||
|
|
@ -398,12 +398,12 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
3:21 xd1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵינֶ֣יךָ 1 Here, **eyes** represent the whole person in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “You yourself”
|
||||
3:21 p9pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לִשְׁנֵי֙ הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה 1 Here, the term **these two kings** refers to King Sihon and King Og, whom the Israelites defeated. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to these two kings, Sihon and Og”
|
||||
3:21 d7dr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָֽׁמָּה 1 Here, the word **there** refers to all of the land that Yahweh promised to give to the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in the land that he will give you”
|
||||
3:22 w5lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לֹ֖א תְִּירָא֑וּם 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the people who live in the land that the Israelites are about to occupy. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “Do not fear the people who live in the land”
|
||||
3:22 w5lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לֹ֖א תְִּירָא֑וּם 1 The pronoun **them** refers to the people who live in the land that the Israelites are about to occupy. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the names of the people groups here. Alternate translation: “Do not fear the people who live in the land”
|
||||
3:22 cl6k rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֚י 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because”
|
||||
3:22 o5gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ה֖וּא הַנִּלְחָ֥ם 1 For emphasis, Moses is stating the pronoun **himself**, whose meaning is already included in the verb **fight**. Moses uses the word **himself** to emphasize how significant it was that Yahweh will fight for the Israelites. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **himself**. Alternate translation: “it is he who will fight”
|
||||
3:23 d3fi rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations לֵאמֹֽר 1 Here, the word **saying** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
|
||||
3:24 z9tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person עַבְדְּךָ֔ 1 Here, Moses is referring to himself as **your servant**, which is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “me, your servant,”
|
||||
3:24 bulf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אַתָּ֤ה & עַבְדְּךָ֔ & אֶ֨ת־גָּדְלְךָ֔ וְאֶת־יָדְךָ֖ הַחֲזָקָ֑ה & כְמַעֲשֶׂ֖יךָ וְכִגְבוּרֹתֶֽךָ 1 Here, the pronoun **you** and **your** are singular because they refer to Yahweh.
|
||||
3:24 bulf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular אַתָּ֤ה & עַבְדְּךָ֔ & אֶ֨ת־גָּדְלְךָ֔ וְאֶת־יָדְךָ֖ הַחֲזָקָ֑ה & כְמַעֲשֶׂ֖יךָ וְכִגְבוּרֹתֶֽךָ 1 Here, the pronouns **you** and **your** are singular because they refer to Yahweh.
|
||||
3:24 rgyp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet אֶ֨ת־גָּדְלְךָ֔ וְאֶת־יָדְךָ֖ הַחֲזָקָ֑ה 1 The terms **greatness** and **strong hand** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “your powerful greatness”
|
||||
3:24 idr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יָדְךָ֖ הַחֲזָקָ֑ה 1 Here, **hand** represents Yahweh’s power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your strong power”
|
||||
3:24 qkn5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִי־אֵל֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּבָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה כְמַעֲשֶׂ֖יךָ וְכִגְבוּרֹתֶֽךָ 1 Moses uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh is the only God, and only he has the power to do the works he has done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “No god in heaven or in earth could do works as your works and as your mighty deeds.”
|
||||
|
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@ -411,52 +411,52 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
3:24 sd4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet כְמַעֲשֶׂ֖יךָ וְכִגְבוּרֹתֶֽךָ 1 The terms **works** and **mighty deeds** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “as your very mighty works”
|
||||
3:25 qg4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness נָּ֗א 1 The word translated as **please** here is a term used in polite requests. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could use an equivalent expression for making a polite request.
|
||||
3:25 c8zq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 The implication is that the land **across the Jordan** is on the west side. When Moses spoke these words to Yahweh, he was east of the Jordan River in Moab. Alternate translation: “is west of the Jordan River.”
|
||||
3:26 p3zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּתְעַבֵּ֨ר יְהוָ֥ה בִּי֙ לְמַ֣עַנְכֶ֔ם 1 This refers to [Numbers 20](Num/20/10.md), when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do, because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. The Israelite people complained that they did not have water in the wilderness. Yahweh told Moses to speak to the rock so water would come out, but Moses disobeyed Yahweh and struck the rock with his staff. As a result, Yahweh promised that Moses would not enter the land.
|
||||
3:26 p3zp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַיִּתְעַבֵּ֨ר יְהוָ֥ה בִּי֙ לְמַ֣עַנְכֶ֔ם 1 This refers to [Numbers 20](Num/20/10.md), when Moses, because he was angry with the people of Israel, disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do. The Israelite people complained that they did not have water in the wilderness. Yahweh told Moses to speak to the rock so water would come out, but Moses disobeyed Yahweh and struck the rock with his staff. As a result, Yahweh promised that Moses would not enter the land.
|
||||
3:26 s3s3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אַל־תּ֗וֹסֶף 1 Yahweh is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “do not continue”
|
||||
3:27 s4i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רֹ֣אשׁ 1 Here, **head** represents the top of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the peak of”
|
||||
3:27 qm9b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַפִּסְגָּ֗ה 1 The word **Pisgah** is the name of a mountain. See how you translated this is in [verse 17](../03/17.md).
|
||||
3:27 rbsz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְשָׂ֥א עֵינֶ֛יךָ 1 Here, the term **lift up your eyes** means “look.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an expression from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and gaze”
|
||||
3:27 deul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular עֲלֵ֣ה & וְשָׂ֥א עֵינֶ֛יךָ & וּרְאֵ֣ה בְעֵינֶ֑יךָ & לֹ֥א תַעֲבֹ֖ר 1 The command forms and the words **you** and **your** are singular here because they refer to Moses.
|
||||
3:27 a7ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּרְאֵ֣ה בְעֵינֶ֑יךָ 1 Yahweh uses the phrase **look with your eyes** to emphasize that Moses will only see but not enter the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And only look with your eyes”
|
||||
3:27 a7ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּרְאֵ֣ה בְעֵינֶ֑יךָ 1 Yahweh uses the phrase **look with your eyes** to emphasize that Moses will only see but not enter the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And you may only look with your eyes”
|
||||
3:28 x7d3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular וְצַ֥ו & וְחַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וְאַמְּצֵ֑הוּ & תִּרְאֶֽה 1 The command forms and the word **you** are singular here because they refer to Moses.
|
||||
3:28 swy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וְחַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וְאַמְּצֵ֑הוּ 1 The terms **encourage** and **strengthen** mean similar things. Yahweh is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “and greatly strengthen him”
|
||||
3:28 qi30 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo לִפְנֵי֙ 1 Here, **faces** represent the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before”
|
||||
3:28 lo1o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns וְהוּא֙ יַנְחִ֣יל אוֹתָ֔ם 1 Yahweh uses the word **himself** to emphasize how significant it was that Joshua will enable the Israelite people to conquer the land instead of Moses. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “and it is he who will cause them to inherit”
|
||||
3:28 tsxo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה 1 The implication is that from the top of Mount Pisgah Moses **will see the land** that Joshua will lead the Israelites to conquer. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the land that you will see from the top of Mount Pisgah”
|
||||
3:29 dut2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּ֥ית פְּעֽוֹר 1 The term **Beth Peor** is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah.
|
||||
4:intro d8g8 0 # Deuteronomy 4 General Notes\n\n## Chapter Outline\n- vv. 1-40: Moses encourages the Israelites to obey Yahweh\n- vv. 41-43: Moses appoints cities of refuge\n- vv. 44-49: Summary of Moses’ first speech\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Moses’ instructions\nMoses is not allowed to enter into the Promised Land. Since the Israelites are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### The universe\n\nThe ancient Hebrews believed that the earth was resting with water around it and below it. Translators should try to keep these original images in their work, even though readers in their project language might have a completely different idea of what the universe is like.\n\n### Yahweh’s presence\n\nAs God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. When Yahweh is “near” or “with” the Israelites, that means that Yahweh was with the Israelites in a special way. Yahweh is so holy that a person would die if they saw him. So, when the Israelites “see” Yahweh, that means that they saw Yahweh’s miracles or other things that Yahweh uses to show who he is.\n\n### Yahweh’s inheritance\n\nMoses refers to the people of Israel as Yahweh’s inheritance. Yahweh chose the people of Israel out of all the peoples of the world in order to show his power and greatness. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to follow his rules because he has a special relationship with them. \n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nMoses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n### Words for the law\n- statutes\n- ordinances\n- judgments\nMoses uses several words to refer to the law that Yahweh commanded the Israelites. It is unclear what the differences are between these terms. If your language has different terms for the law, you could use them here to differentiate between the different Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])\n\n### Pronouns\n\nMoses is speaking to the Israelites who are alive, but he refers to events that happened to their ancestors. The pronoun **you** and **your** are plural here unless otherwise noted. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could explicitly state that these events happened to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
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4:intro d8g8 0 # Deuteronomy 4 General Notes\n\n## Chapter Outline\n- vv. 1-40: Moses encourages the Israelites to obey Yahweh\n- vv. 41-43: Moses appoints cities of refuge\n- vv. 44-49: Summary of Moses’ first speech\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Moses’ instructions\nMoses is not allowed to enter into the Promised Land. Since the Israelites are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### The universe\n\nThe ancient Hebrews believed that the earth was resting with water around it and below it. Translators should try to keep these original images in their work, even though readers in their project language might have a completely different idea of what the universe is like.\n\n### Yahweh’s presence\n\nAs God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. When Yahweh is “near” or “with” the Israelites, that means that Yahweh was with the Israelites in a special way. Yahweh is so holy that a person would die if they saw him. So, when the Israelites “see” Yahweh, that means that they saw Yahweh’s miracles or other things that Yahweh uses to show who he is.\n\n### Yahweh’s inheritance\n\nMoses refers to the people of Israel as Yahweh’s inheritance. Yahweh chose the people of Israel out of all the peoples of the world in order to show his power and greatness. Yahweh wants the people of Israel to follow his commandments because he has a special relationship with them. \n\n## Other Possible Translation Difficulties in this Chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nMoses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n### Words for the law\n- statutes\n- ordinances\n- judgments\nMoses uses several words to refer to the law that Yahweh commanded the Israelites. It is unclear what the differences are between these terms. If your language has different terms for the law, you could use them here to differentiate between the different Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])\n\n### Pronouns\n\nMoses is speaking to the Israelites who are alive, but he refers to events that happened to their ancestors. The pronoun **you** and **your** are plural here unless otherwise noted. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could explicitly state that these events happened to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
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4:1 m1n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל 1 Here, **Israel** represents the people of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people of Israel”
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4:1 hfw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet אֶל־הַֽחֻקִּים֙ וְאֶל־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים 1 The terms **statutes** and **ordinances** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “to the important statutes”
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4:1 zdp5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֣עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks what comes after as the goal or purpose of what comes before. Moses wants the Israelites to live in the land. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
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4:1 x82m rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶֽם 1 Here Moses could be using the present tense: (1) to refer to something that has already happened. Alternate translation: “gave to you” (2) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “is about to give to you”
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4:2 ft3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche הַדָּבָר֙ 1 Here, **word** represents all of the words of the law that Yahweh spoke to Moses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “everything”
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4:2 ft3x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche הַדָּבָר֙ 1 Here, **word** represents all of the words of the law that Yahweh spoke to Moses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the statutes” or "the words of the law"
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4:2 r77u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **commandments** that come from **Yahweh**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the commandments given by Yahweh”
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4:3 u7gv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ 1 Moses is using **eyes** to represent all of a person in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “All of you”
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4:3 bs2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּבַ֣עַל פְּע֑וֹר 1 Here, Moses is referring to the events of [Numbers 25:1-9](Num/25/01.md), when Israelite men committed sexual immorality with Moabite women. The women tempted the Israelite men to worship their idol, the **Baal** of **Peor**. As a result, Yahweh punished the Israelites with a plague until Phinehas the priest killed a man who was still committing adultery.
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4:3 p9ok rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָלַךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י 1 Here, **walked after** means “worshiped.” Moses is speaking of worshipping idols as if people were physically walking behind idols to follow them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “worshiped”
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4:3 p9ok rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָלַךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י 1 Here, **walked after** means “worshiped.” Moses is speaking of worshiping idols as if people were physically walking behind idols to follow them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “worshiped”
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4:3 naji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הִשְׁמִיד֛וֹ 1 The implication is that Yahweh **destroyed them** by killing them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “has killed them”
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4:3 yl8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all of the Israelites, the pronoun **your** is singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
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4:4 x6hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַדְּבֵקִ֔ים בַּיהוָ֖ה 1 Moses speaks as if obeying Yahweh was like physically holding on to a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who carefully obeyed Yahweh”
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4:5 hs9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֣ה 1 Moses is using the word **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “Pay attention”
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4:5 wsdh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֻקִּים֙ וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֔ים 1 The terms **states** and **ordinances** mean similar things. Moses clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. See how you translated this in [verse 1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “important rules”
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4:5 bis8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish אֱלֹהָ֑י 1 Here, Moses refers to Yahweh as **my God** in order to emphasize that he himself worships and obeys Yahweh. He does not mean that he is the only one who worships Yahweh. If this would not be clear for your readers, you could use an equivalent expression to describe Moses’ relationship with Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the God whom I worship”
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4:4 x6hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַדְּבֵקִ֔ים בַּיהוָ֖ה 1 Moses speaks as if obeying Yahweh were like physically holding on to him as one would hold on to another person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who carefully obeyed Yahweh”
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4:5 hs9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רְאֵ֣ה 1 Moses is using the word **Look** to focus the Israelites' attention on what he is about to say. Your language may have a comparable expression that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “See”
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4:5 wsdh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֻקִּים֙ וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֔ים 1 The terms **statutes** and **ordinances** mean similar things. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. See how you translated this in [verse 1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “important commandments”
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4:5 bis8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish אֱלֹהָ֑י 1 Here, Moses refers to Yahweh as **my God** in order to emphasize that he himself worships and obeys Yahweh. He does not mean that he is the only one who worships Yahweh. If this would not be clear for your readers, you could use an equivalent expression to describe Moses’ relationship with Yahweh. Alternate translation, adding a comma after Yahweh: “, the God whom I worship,”
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4:5 v63r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בָּאִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ 1 The expression **going into to possess it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “are going into to possess”
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4:6 zr9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֮ וַעֲשִׂיתֶם֒ 1 The terms **keep** and **do** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “And you shall carefully do them”
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4:6 fau5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֮ וַעֲשִׂיתֶם֒ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And keep and do them”
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4:6 ce6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 The word translated as **for** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “because”
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4:6 bhy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמַתְכֶם֙ וּבִ֣ינַתְכֶ֔ם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the ideas of **wisdom** and **understanding**, you can express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “is how you can act wisely and with understanding”
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4:6 di77 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חָכְמַתְכֶם֙ וּבִ֣ינַתְכֶ֔ם & חָכָ֣ם וְנָב֔וֹן 1 The terms **wisdom** and **understanding** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “is your great wisdom … very wise”
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4:6 f2rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְעֵינֵ֖י 1 Here, **in the eyes of** is an idiom for a person's opinion or evaluation. Moses speaks as if evaluating something was physically seeing it with one's **eyes**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the evaluation of”
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4:6 f2rh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְעֵינֵ֖י 1 Here, **in the eyes of** is an idiom for a person's opinion or evaluation. Moses speaks as if evaluating something were physically seeing it with one's **eyes**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the evaluation of”
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4:6 ij0i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִשְׁמְע֗וּן 1 Here, the word **hear** means “learn about.” Moses speaks as if hearing reports about Yahweh’s law were the same as physically hearing the law itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will hear about”
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4:6 dkil rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וְאָמְר֗וּ 1 Here, the word **say** introduces direct speech. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language.
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4:6 sr33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַם־חָכָ֣ם וְנָב֔וֹן הַגּ֥וֹי הַגָּד֖וֹל הַזֶּֽה 1 Here, **nation** represents the people of that nation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of this great nation are wise and understanding”
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4:7 thf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֚י 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before.
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4:7 hx9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קְרֹבִ֣ים אֵלָ֑יו 1 Here Moses is speaking of Yahweh’s protection and guidance as if Yahweh could physically come **near** to the Israelites. See book introduction for more information about Yahweh’s presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is protecting it”
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4:7-8 m62n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion כִּ֚י מִי־ג֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־ל֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים קְרֹבִ֣ים אֵלָ֑יו כַּיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ בְּכָּל־קָרְאֵ֖נוּ אֵלָֽיו׃ &\nוּמִי֙ גּ֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ חֻקִּ֥ים וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים צַדִּיקִ֑ם כְּכֹל֙ הַתּוֹרָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ 1 Moses is using the question form to emphasize how great Yahweh is compared to the idols that other nations follow. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “For there is no other great nation that has a god near to it as Yahweh our God is whenever we call on him. And, there is no other great nation that has statues and ordinances righteous as all this law that I am giving before your faces today.”
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4:7 hx9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קְרֹבִ֣ים אֵלָ֑יו 1 Here Moses is speaking of Yahweh’s protection and guidance as if Yahweh could physically come **near** to the Israelites. See the book introduction for more information about Yahweh’s presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who is protecting it”
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4:7-8 m62n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion כִּ֚י מִי־ג֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־ל֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים קְרֹבִ֣ים אֵלָ֑יו כַּיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ בְּכָּל־קָרְאֵ֖נוּ אֵלָֽיו׃ &\nוּמִי֙ גּ֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ חֻקִּ֥ים וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים צַדִּיקִ֑ם כְּכֹל֙ הַתּוֹרָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃ 1 Moses is using the question form to emphasize how great Yahweh is compared to the lifeless idols that other nations follow. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or exclamations. Alternate translation: “For there is no other great nation that has a god near to it as Yahweh our God is whenever we call on him. And, there is no other great nation that has statutes and ordinances as righteous as all this law that I am giving before your faces today.”
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4:8 g3lt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֻקִּ֥ים וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים 1 The terms **statutes** and **ordinances** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “important rules”
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4:8 po9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֹתֵ֥ן 1 Here Moses is speaking of reading the law as if he was physically **giving** it to the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “am repeating”
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4:8 po9p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נֹתֵ֥ן 1 Here Moses is speaking of reading the law as if he were physically **giving** it to the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “am repeating”
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4:8 odq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before you”
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4:9 z7zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish רַ֡ק 1 Here, Moses is using **Only** to emphasize his commands. He does not mean that the commands are the only commands that the Israelites should obey. If this would not be clear for your readers, you could use an equivalent expression to emphasize commands. Alternate translation: “But make sure of this:”
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4:9 z7zs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish רַ֡ק 1 Here Moses is using **Only** to emphasize his commands. He does not mean that the commands are the only commands that the Israelites should obey. If this would not be clear for your readers, you could use an equivalent expression to emphasize commands. Alternate translation: “But make sure of this:” or "Be sure that you"
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4:9 bfw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֩ וּשְׁמֹ֨ר נַפְשְׁךָ֜ & תִּשְׁכַּ֨ח & עֵינֶ֗יךָ & מִלְּבָ֣בְךָ֔ & חַיֶּ֑יךָ וְהוֹדַעְתָּ֥ם לְבָנֶ֖יךָ & בָנֶֽיךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you**, **your**, and the command forms are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
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4:9 d2dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֩ וּשְׁמֹ֨ר נַפְשְׁךָ֜ מְאֹ֗ד 1 The terms **guard yourself** and **guard your spirit strongly** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “carefully guard all of yourself”
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4:9 i05z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּן & וּפֶן 1 Moses uses the word **lest** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “in case … and in case”
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@ -482,79 +482,79 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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4:16 f5bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּ֨ן 1 Moses is using the word **lest** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “in case”
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4:16 ouuk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּשְׁחִת֔וּן 1 Here, the term **act corruptly** means to sin or do wrong. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “you sin”
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4:16 n63q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תַּבְנִ֥ית 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **likeness**, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “anything looking like a”
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4:16 r6fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish זָכָ֖ר א֥וֹ נְקֵבָֽה 1 Here, **male or female** refers to human beings, not to animals. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “male person or female person”
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4:16 r6fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish זָכָ֖ר א֥וֹ נְקֵבָֽה 1 Here, **male or female** refers to human beings, not to animals. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “a male person or a female person”
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4:17 dsbm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תַּבְנִ֕ית & תַּבְנִית֙ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **likeness**, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “anything looking like … anything looking like”
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4:18 fgec rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תַּבְנִ֕ית & תַּבְנִ֛ית 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **likeness**, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “anything looking like … anything looking like”
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4:18 xe6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רֹמֵ֖שׂ 1 A **creeping thing** is any creature that crawls on the ground. This could include reptiles and insects. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “reptile”
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4:18 xe6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רֹמֵ֖שׂ 1 A **creeping thing** means any creature that crawls on the ground. This could include reptiles and insects. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “reptile”
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4:19 hips rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo וּפֶן 1 Moses uses the word **lest** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “And in case”
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4:19 a5bt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תִּשָּׂ֨א עֵינֶ֜יךָ & וְֽ֠רָאִיתָ & וְנִדַּחְתָּ֛ וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥יתָ & וַעֲבַדְתָּ֑ם & אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
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4:19 d0wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תִּשָּׂ֨א עֵינֶ֜יךָ 1 Here, **lift up your eyes** is an idiom that means “you look.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “turn your eyes” or “you look”
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4:19 d0wc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תִּשָּׂ֨א עֵינֶ֜יךָ 1 Here, **you lift up your eyes** is an idiom that means “you look.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you turn your eyes” or “you look”
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4:19 r5pg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כֹּ֚ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם 1 Here, **all the multitude of the heavens** is an idiom that means “all the heavenly bodies in the sky.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all the heavenly bodies in the sky”\n
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4:19 mg57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְנִדַּחְתָּ֛ 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and let them seduce you”
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4:19 os1x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְנִדַּחְתָּ֛ 1 The implication is that the Israelites might **be seduced** to worship the sun, moon, or stars and commit the sin of idolatry. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “and be seduced to idolatry”
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4:19 mpi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָלַ֜ק יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם 1 Moses speaks of the heavenly bodies as if they were small objects that Yahweh **allotted** and gave out to the people groups. Moses means that all people groups are able to see the sun, moon, and the stars. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh your God has allowed all the peoples under all the heavens to see”
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4:20 uej2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִכּ֥וּר הַבַּרְזֶ֖ל 1 An **iron furnace** is very hot, and people use it to melt iron. Moses speaks as if the Israelites’ suffering in Egypt was so severe that it was like an **iron furnace** and the Israelites were the iron inside the furnace. Alternate translation: “brought you out of the land where the Egyptians oppressed you”
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4:20 c59d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ל֛וֹ לְעַ֥ם נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 Moses speaks as if all the people of Israel were one object that Yahweh owns. Moses means that Yahweh chose to have a special relationship with Israel. See chapter introduction for more information. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his chosen people”
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4:19 mpi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָלַ֜ק יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם 1 Moses speaks of the heavenly bodies as if they were small objects that Yahweh **allotted** and gave out to the people groups. Moses means that all people groups are able to see the sun, moon, and the stars. Alternate translation: “those which Yahweh your God has allowed all the peoples under all the heavens to see”
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4:20 uej2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִכּ֥וּר הַבַּרְזֶ֖ל 1 An **iron furnace** is very hot; people use it to melt iron. Moses speaks as if the sufferings of the Israelites in Egypt were so severe that it was like being in an **iron furnace**; the Israelites were the iron inside the furnace. Alternate translation: “brought you out of the land where the Egyptians severely oppressed you”
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4:20 c59d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ל֛וֹ לְעַ֥ם נַחֲלָ֖ה 1 Moses speaks as if all the people of Israel were one object that Yahweh owns. Moses means that Yahweh chose to have a special relationship with Israel. See the chapter introduction for more information. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his chosen people”
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4:20 ga0x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 The implication is that the Israelites still have a special relationship with Yahweh at the time when Moses is giving this speech to them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as you are this day as I speak to you”
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4:21 l8rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַֽיהוָ֥ה הִתְאַנֶּף־בִּ֖י עַל־דִּבְרֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּשָּׁבַ֗ע לְבִלְתִּ֤י עָבְרִי֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וּלְבִלְתִּי־בֹא֙ אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה 1 This refers to [Numbers 20](Num/20/10.md), when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. The Israelite people complained that they did not have water in the wilderness. Yahweh told Moses to speak to the rock so water would come out, but Moses disobeyed Yahweh and struck the rock with his staff. As a result, Yahweh **swore** that Moses would not enter the land.
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4:21 l8rk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַֽיהוָ֥ה הִתְאַנֶּף־בִּ֖י עַל־דִּבְרֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּשָּׁבַ֗ע לְבִלְתִּ֤י עָבְרִי֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וּלְבִלְתִּי־בֹא֙ אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה 1 This refers to [Numbers 20](Num/20/10.md), when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. The Israelite people complained that they did not have water in the wilderness. Yahweh told Moses to speak to the rock so water would come out, but Moses disobeyed Yahweh and struck the rock with his staff. As a result, Yahweh **swore** that Moses would not **go in to the good land**.
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4:21 mnnq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן 1 Here Moses could be using the present tense: (1) to refer to something that Yahweh has already done. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God has already given” (2) to refer to something that will certainly happen in the future. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God is about to give”
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4:21 qnf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ & לְךָ֖ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
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4:22 k52a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd כִּ֣י 1 Moses uses the word **But** here to indicate a strong contrast between the fact that he will not enter the land while the Israelites will enter the land. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “As for me,”
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4:22 k52a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd כִּ֣י 1 Moses uses the word **But** here to indicate a strong contrast between the fact that he will not enter the land, while the Israelites will enter the land. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “As for me,”
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4:22 xbn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את אֵינֶ֥נִּי עֹבֵ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן 1 The implication is that **this land** is the land of Moab, which is east of **the Jordan** River. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “here in Moab. I will not cross to the west side of the Jordan”
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4:23 gf5v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo פֶּֽן 1 Moses is using the word **lest** to introduce a hypothetical condition as a warning. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “in case”
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4:23 ffm0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶת־בְּרִ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּרַ֖ת 1 To **cut** a **covenant** means to make a covenant. The phrase refers to ancient rituals around making covenants, which is illustrated in [Genesis 15](Gen/15/01). See the imagery and how you translated there. Alternate translation: “the covenant of Yahweh your God, which he made”
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4:23 ffm0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֶת־בְּרִ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּרַ֖ת 1 To **cut** a **covenant** means to make a covenant. The phrase refers to ancient rituals around making covenants, illustrated in [Genesis 15](Gen/15/01). See the imagery and how you translated there. Alternate translation: “the covenant of Yahweh your God, which he made”
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4:23 k54j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit צִוְּךָ֖ 1 Yahweh **commanded** the Israelites not to make idols. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “has commanded you not to do”
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4:23 q9m3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd צִוְּךָ֖ & אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular here. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
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4:24 fc5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֚י 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because”
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4:24 z6c8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֵ֥שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה 1 Here Moses is speaking of Yahweh’s punishment when he is angry as if it were **a devouring fire**. Yahweh will destroy anyone who disobeys him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will destroy people who disobey him like a fire burns everything”\n
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4:24 z6c8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֵ֥שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה 1 Here Moses is speaking of Yahweh’s punishment, when he is angry, as if it were **a devouring fire**. Yahweh will destroy anyone who disobeys him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will destroy people who disobey him as a fire burns everything”\n
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4:25 sw65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd תוֹלִ֤יד & אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **your** are singular here. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
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4:25 d5qj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בָּנִים֙ וּבְנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים 1 Here, **sons** means “children.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “children, and children of children”
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4:25 adae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּבְנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים 1 The implication is that the living Israelites will bear children, and then those children will bear children. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and they beget sons”
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4:25 y9c0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical וְהִשְׁחַתֶּ֗ם 1 Moses is suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that Yahweh will only become angry and punish the Israelites if the Israelites sin by making an idol. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “and if you act corruptly”
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4:25 e3zj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְהִשְׁחַתֶּ֗ם 1 Here, the term **act corruptly** means "to sin or do wrong." You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and you sin” See how you translated these words in [verse 16](../04/16.md).
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4:25 v824 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּעֵינֵ֥י 1 Here, **in the eyes of** is an idiom for a person's opinion or evaluation. Moses speaks as if evaluating something was physically seeing it with one's **eyes**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the evaluation of”
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4:25 v824 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּעֵינֵ֥י 1 Here, **in the eyes of** is an idiom for a person's opinion or evaluation. Moses speaks as if evaluating something meant physically seeing it with one's **eyes**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the evaluation of”
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4:26 ciie rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַעִידֹתִי֩ בָכֶ֨ם הַיּ֜וֹם אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ 1 The implication is that **the heavens and the earth** will **witness** how the Israelites will sin. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I will make sure the heavens and the earth pay attention to how you sin today”
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4:26 lbi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ 1 Here, Moses is referring to everything that exists in the universe by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. Moses is referring to everything, living and non-living. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the whole universe”
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4:26 c910 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-reduplication אָבֹ֣ד תֹּאבֵדוּן֮ & הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן 1 The words **surely perish** and **completely destroyed** translate verbs that are repeated for emphasis. If your language can repeat words for emphasis, it would be appropriate to use that construction here in your translation.
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4:26 r2k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ 1 The expression **the land to which you are going over the Jordan to possess it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “the land which you are going over the Jordan to possess”
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4:26 r2k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ 1 The expression **the land to which you are going over the Jordan to possess it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “the land to which you are going over the Jordan to possess”
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4:26 tz2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹֽא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן יָמִים֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ 1 The implication is that if the Israelites sin by making idols, then they will leave the land and live somewhere else. Yahweh **will not prolong** the **days** when the Israelites can live on the land. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “You will not be able to live on the land for long”
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4:26 eme2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן 1 As indicated in [verse 27](../04/27), not every Israelite will be killed. Here “completely destroyed” is a generalization used to emphasize that many of the Israelites will die.\nIf it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “surely many of you will be destroyed”
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4:26 eme2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן 1 As indicated in [verse 27](../04/27), not every Israelite will be killed. Here “completely destroyed” is an overgeneralization used to emphasize that many of the Israelites will die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “surely many of you will be destroyed”
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4:26 kwik rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will cause you to die”
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4:27 yy63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְהֵפִ֧יץ יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּעַמִּ֑ים & יְנַהֵ֧ג יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם שָֽׁמָּה 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will scatter you among the peoples … Yahweh indeed will drive you there”
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4:27 yy63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וְהֵפִ֧יץ יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּעַמִּ֑ים & יְנַהֵ֧ג יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם שָֽׁמָּה 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh will scatter you among the peoples … , indeed, Yahweh will drive you there”
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4:27 swv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהֵפִ֧יץ יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם 1 Moses speaks as if the Israelite people were seeds that Yahweh could **scatter** around a field. Moses means that Yahweh will cause the Israelites to go live in many different places among many different peoples. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause you to leave the land and live”
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4:27 uka7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure וְנִשְׁאַרְתֶּם֙ מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֔ר 1 The implication is that the population of Israelites in each nation would be very small. If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the phrasing. Alternate translation: “and there will be few of you”
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4:27 u1el rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְנַהֵ֧ג יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם 1 Here Moses is speaking of the Israelites as if they were livestock that **Yahweh** could **drive** from one place to another. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will force you to go”
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4:27 u1el rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יְנַהֵ֧ג יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם 1 Here Moses is speaking of the Israelites as if they were livestock that **Yahweh** could **drive** from one place to another. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make you go”
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4:28 f8ls rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֣י אָדָ֑ם 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe a **work**, as in an object, that is made by **the hands of man**. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression to describe a man-made object. Alternate translation: “objects made by the hands of man”
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4:28 eq2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יְדֵ֣י אָדָ֑ם 1 Moses is using **hands** to represent all of a person in the act of making an idol. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “mere men”
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4:29 nz82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִשָּׁ֛ם 1 The word **there** refers to all the other nations where Yahweh will force the Israelites to go if they disobey him. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from those other nations”
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4:29 nz82 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מִשָּׁ֛ם 1 The word **there** refers to all the other nations where Yahweh will force the Israelites to live if they disobey him. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “from those other nations”
|
||||
4:29 dh1a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבִקַּשְׁתֶּ֥ם מִשָּׁ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ וּמָצָ֑אתָ כִּ֣י תִדְרְשֶׁ֔נּוּ 1 Here Moses is speaking of praying to and knowing Yahweh as if one could physically **search for** and **seek** him and **find him** in a specific place. As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And from there you will pray to Yahweh your God, and he will answer when you appeal to him”
|
||||
4:29 t9hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ וּמָצָ֑אתָ & תִדְרְשֶׁ֔נּוּ & לְבָבְךָ֖ & נַפְשֶֽׁךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular here. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
||||
4:29 fki1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ֖ וּבְכָל־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ 1 Here, the words **heart** and **spirit** refer to a person’s will and desire to do something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with all your will and with all your desire”
|
||||
4:29 fki1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ֖ וּבְכָל־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ 1 Here the words **heart** and **spirit** refer to a person’s will and desire to do something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with all your will and with all your desire”
|
||||
4:29 qkwr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ֖ וּבְכָל־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ 1 The terms **heart** and **spirit** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “with all of your will”
|
||||
4:30 ybue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd לְךָ֔ וּמְצָא֕וּךָ & וְשַׁבְתָּ֙ & אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֖ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
||||
4:30 n0yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּמְצָא֕וּךָ 1 Here Moses is speaking of experiencing trouble as if it were an object that one could **find**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you experience”
|
||||
4:30 bu4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כֹּ֖ל הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה 1 The phrase **all these things** refers to the hardship that the Israelites will experience when they live in the other nations. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “all these hardships”
|
||||
4:30 vnz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְשַׁבְתָּ֙ עַד־יְהוָ֣ה 1 Here Moses is speaking of the Israelites choosing to worship **Yahweh** again as if **Yahweh** were a physical location to which they could **return**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “then you will again worship Yahweh”
|
||||
4:30 xhr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֖ 1 Here the word **listen** means to listen and obey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and obey”
|
||||
4:30 xhr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֖ 1 Here the word **listen** means to intentionally hear and obey. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and be obedient to” or "and act according to"\n
|
||||
4:30 hmqf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּקֹלֽוֹ 1 Here, **voice** represents the words that Yahweh spoke, which include his commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “what he says”
|
||||
4:31 c8wq rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because”
|
||||
4:31 yfl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ & יַרְפְּךָ֖ & יַשְׁחִיתֶ֑ךָ & אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
||||
4:31 vlxi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹ֣א יַשְׁחִיתֶ֑ךָ 1 The implication is that Yahweh **will not destroy** the Israelites, because he will make sure that some Israelites survive. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he will not completely destroy you”
|
||||
4:31 vlxi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹ֣א יַשְׁחִיתֶ֑ךָ 1 The implication is that Yahweh **will not destroy** the Israelites, because he will make sure that some Israelites survive. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he will not eliminate you completely”
|
||||
4:31 gml8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives וְלֹ֤א יִשְׁכַּח֙ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative verb **forget**. Alternate translation: “and he will remember”
|
||||
4:31 nsl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּרִ֣ית אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe the **covenant** that Yahweh made with the **fathers** of the Israelites. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression to describe the covenant. Alternate translation: “the covenant between Yahweh and your fathers”
|
||||
4:31 ebks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your forefathers”
|
||||
4:32 yss9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you שְׁאַל & לְפָנֶ֗יךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, the word **your** and the command **ask** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
||||
4:32 pkpy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׁאַל 1 Here the word **ask** means “think”. Moses is speaking as if asking questions about something were the same as thinking about it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “consider”
|
||||
4:32 pkpy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׁאַל 1 Here the word **ask** means “think.” Moses is speaking as if asking questions about something were the same as thinking about it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “consider”
|
||||
4:32 c553 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness נָא֩ 1 The word translated as **please** here is a term used in polite requests. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could use an equivalent expression for making a polite request.
|
||||
4:32 tg9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְפָנֶ֗יךָ 1 Here, **face** represents the existence of a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before your existence”
|
||||
4:32 njz0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הַיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ בָּרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אָדָם֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ 1 Moses is referring to the events of [Genesis 1:27](Gen/01/27.md) when Yahweh created human beings, male and female, in his image. This was on the sixth day of creation.
|
||||
4:32 i0fo rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns אָדָם֙ 1 In this verse, the word **man** is singular in form, but it refers to all human beings as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “human beings”
|
||||
4:32 vugi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism וּלְמִקְצֵ֥ה הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְעַד־קְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם 1 Here, Moses is referring to all of the world by naming the parts that are at the extreme ends of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and on all the earth”
|
||||
4:32 kmtn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדוֹל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה 1 The term **a great thing** refers to the works that Yahweh did, which Moses mentions in the following verses. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as great a thing as Yahweh’s works”
|
||||
4:32 kmtn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדוֹל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה 1 The term **a great thing** refers to the works that Yahweh did, which Moses mentions in the following verses. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as great a thing as what Yahweh did”
|
||||
4:33 gv8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲשָׁ֣מַֽע עָם֩ ק֨וֹל אֱלֹהִ֜ים מְדַבֵּ֧ר מִתּוֹךְ־הָאֵ֛שׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר־שָׁמַ֥עְתָּ אַתָּ֖ה וַיֶּֽחִי 1 Here Moses is using the question form to emphasize how amazing it is that the Israelites heard Yahweh speak from the fire in [Exodus 19-20](Exo/19/01.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No other people has heard the voice of God speaking from the midst of the fire, as you have heard, and lived.”
|
||||
4:33 uge5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ק֨וֹל אֱלֹהִ֜ים 1 Here, **voice** represents Yahweh in the act of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “God himself”
|
||||
4:33 yydf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd שָׁמַ֥עְתָּ אַתָּ֖ה 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
||||
4:33 a261 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns שָׁמַ֥עְתָּ אַתָּ֖ה 1 For emphasis, Moses is stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already included in the verb **heard**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **yourselves**. Alternate translation: “you indeed have heard”
|
||||
4:33 a261 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns שָׁמַ֥עְתָּ אַתָּ֖ה 1 For emphasis, Moses is stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already included in the verb **heard**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **yourself**. Alternate translation: “you indeed have heard”
|
||||
4:34 i1ev rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion א֣וֹ ׀ הֲנִסָּ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֗ים לָ֠בוֹא לָקַ֨חַת ל֣וֹ גוֹי֮ מִקֶּ֣רֶב גּוֹי֒ 1 Moses is using the question form to emphasize how amazing it was that Yahweh chose Israel and saved them from Egypt. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Make sure to end the sentence with the appropriate punctuation. Alternate translation: “God has not attempted to go and take for himself any other nation from the midst of another nation.”
|
||||
4:34 sczh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּמַסֹּת֩ 1 Here the word **trials** refers to the plagues in [Exodus 7-11](Exo/07/01.md) that Yahweh sent so that the Egyptians would suffer. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “by plagues”
|
||||
4:34 k5no rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּאֹתֹ֨ת וּבְמוֹפְתִ֜ים 1 The words **signs** and **wonders** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “by great signs”
|
||||
|
|
@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
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4:34 fjbf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet וּבְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ וּבִזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה 1 The terms **mighty hand** and **outstretched arm** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “and by very great power”
|
||||
4:34 uct8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ 1 Here the word **hand** represents God’s power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by mighty power”
|
||||
4:34 iny4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבִזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה 1 Here, **arm** refers to Yahweh’s power. Moses speaks of stretching out an arm as using power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by great strength”
|
||||
4:34 r398 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְעֵינֶֽיךָ 1 Here, **eyes** represents the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your sight”
|
||||
4:34 r398 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לְעֵינֶֽיךָ 1 Here, the word **eyes** represents the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your sight”
|
||||
4:34 r7hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd לְעֵינֶֽיךָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **your** is singular here. If the singular form would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural form in your translation.
|
||||
4:35 yl1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אַתָּה֙ הָרְאֵ֣תָ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to a group of people, **you** and **yourself** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
||||
4:35 q7ug rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַתָּה֙ הָרְאֵ֣תָ 1 For emphasis, Moses is stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already included in the verb **have been shown**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **yourself**. Alternate translation: “you indeed have been shown”
|
||||
|
|
@ -574,13 +574,13 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
4:36 jlv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּדְבָרָ֥יו שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ 1 Moses is referring to the events of [Exodus 19](Exo/19/01.md) when Yahweh spoke from Mount Sinai from a fire. The Israelite people were afraid of Yahweh and stood far away.
|
||||
4:36 gza6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּדְבָרָ֥יו שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ 1 Here, Moses is using the possessive form to describe **words** that Yahweh spoke. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use an equivalent expression to describe Yahweh’s speech. Alternate translation: “and you heard the words that Yahweh spoke”
|
||||
4:37 ss1r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ & וַיּוֹצִֽאֲךָ֧ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
||||
4:37 p6x2 אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors”
|
||||
4:37 h4qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּזַרְע֖וֹ 1 Here, **seed** means “offspring.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their offspring”
|
||||
4:37 yaem rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns בְּזַרְע֖וֹ אַחֲרָ֑יו 1 In this verse, the word **his** and **him** are singular in form, but it refers to all of the Israelites’ ancestors as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “their seed after them”
|
||||
4:37 p6x2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ 1 Moses is using the term **fathers** to mean “ancestors.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your ancestors”
|
||||
4:37 h4qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּזַרְע֖וֹ 1 Here, **seed** means “offspring.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a comparable expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “their offspring”
|
||||
4:37 yaem rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns בְּזַרְע֖וֹ אַחֲרָ֑יו 1 In this verse, the pronouns **his** and **him** are singular in form, but they refer to all of the Israelites’ ancestors as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “their seed after them”
|
||||
4:37 yey2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּפָנָ֛יו 1 Moses is using **face**, meaning Yahweh’s presence, to represent Yahweh’s ability to save the Israelites. Moses is emphasizing that Yahweh brought the Israelites out of Egypt by himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by himself”
|
||||
4:38 kbdx rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense לְהוֹרִ֗ישׁ גּוֹיִ֛ם גְּדֹלִ֧ים וַעֲצֻמִ֛ים מִמְּךָ֖ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ 1 This could refer to: (1) nations which the Israelites have already defeated and expelled from the land, as in [Deuteronomy 2-3](../02/26.md). Alternate translation: “when he drove out from before your faces nations greater and mightier than you” (2) nations which the Israelites will expel from the land in the future. Alternate translation: “so that he might drive out from before your faces nations greater and mightier than you”
|
||||
4:38 rdl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd מִמְּךָ֖ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ לַהֲבִֽיאֲךָ֗ & לְךָ֧ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
||||
4:38 xjq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of a people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from before you”
|
||||
4:38 xjq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of a people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from before you” or "from before your presence"
|
||||
4:38 q3n0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לַהֲבִֽיאֲךָ֗ 1 The implication is that Yahweh will use his power to **bring** the Israelites into the land. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “to bring you into the land”
|
||||
4:38 n4e6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה 1 The implication is that the land still belongs to the Israelites at the time when Moses is speaking to the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “as it belongs to you now, even as I speak to you”
|
||||
4:39 esi7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd וְיָדַעְתָּ֣ & וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֮ & לְבָבֶךָ֒ 1 Even though Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, **you** and **your** are singular in this verse. If the singular forms of these pronouns would not be natural in your language, you could use the plural forms in your translation.
|
||||
|
|
@ -594,23 +594,23 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
4:40 v8k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֞ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And keep”
|
||||
4:40 e877 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet חֻקָּ֣יו וְאֶת־מִצְוֺתָ֗יו 1 The terms **statutes** and **commandments** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “his important statutes”
|
||||
4:40 nx43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּלְבָנֶ֖יךָ 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and for your offspring”
|
||||
4:40 c3aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תַּאֲרִ֤יךְ יָמִים֙ עַל־הַ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה 1 The implication is that, if the Israelites obey Yahweh, they **will prolong** the **days** in which they live on the land. Moses is speaking of time as if it was a physical substance that one could **prolong**. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. See how you translated this concept in [verse 26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “you will live in the land for many generations”
|
||||
4:40 c3aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תַּאֲרִ֤יךְ יָמִים֙ עַל־הַ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה 1 The implication is that if the Israelites obey Yahweh, they **will prolong** the **days** in which they live **in the land**. Moses is speaking of time as if it were something over which man could exercise control, to **prolong** it. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. See how you translated this concept in [verse 26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “you may live in the land for many generations”
|
||||
4:40 wxen rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים 1 Here, the phrase **all the days** means forever. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “forever”
|
||||
4:41 bt78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent אָ֣ז 1 The author is using the word translated **Then** to introduce a new event in the story. Moses’s speech, which began in [1:6](../01/06.md), has finished, and the writer continues the narrative that ended in [1:5](../01/05.md). Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “After he finished his speech,” \n
|
||||
4:41 vowz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִזְרְחָ֖ה שָֽׁמֶשׁ 1 Here, **the rising of the sun** is an idiom that means “east.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “toward the east”
|
||||
4:42 vlww rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵעֵ֨הוּ֙ 1 Here, **neighbor** means “fellow Israelite.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his fellow Israelite”
|
||||
4:42 eoix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּבְלִי־דַ֔עַת 1 Here **without knowing** means “unintentionally.” Moses is speaking of knowledge as if it was the same thing as intention. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “unintentionally”
|
||||
4:42 eoix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּבְלִי־דַ֔עַת 1 Here **without knowing** means “unintentionally.” Moses is speaking of knowledge as if it were the same thing as intention. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “unintentionally”
|
||||
4:42 yxbk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְה֛וּא לֹא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ל֖וֹ מִתְּמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשׁ֑וֹם 1 The implication is that the **manslayer** did not premeditate murder. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he did not hate him previously before and did not plan to kill him”
|
||||
4:42 lkg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo מִתְּמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשׁ֑וֹם 1 The expression **previously before** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “before”
|
||||
4:42 mfo9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וָחָֽי 1 The implication is that the family members of the dead person would try to kill the manslayer, so the people of those cities would protect the manslayer. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and the avenger would not be able to kill him there”
|
||||
4:43 csf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֶּ֧צֶר & גּוֹלָ֥ן 1 The words **Bezer** and **Golan** are names of cities.
|
||||
4:44 x5pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שָׂ֣ם 1 Here the word **placed** means “relayed.” Moses is speaking as if the words of the law were physical objects that he **placed** before the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “repeated”
|
||||
4:44 x5pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שָׂ֣ם 1 Here the word **placed** means “relayed.” Moses is speaking here as if the words of the law were physical objects that he **placed** before the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “repeated”
|
||||
4:44 gskk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֖י 1 Here, **faces** represents the presence of people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before”
|
||||
4:44 i55w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” Moses is identifying the Israelites as descendants of their ancestor Jacob, who was also known as Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
|
||||
4:45 qrkq rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background אֵ֚לֶּה הָֽעֵדֹ֔ת וְהַֽחֻקִּ֖ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם 1 Moses is giving background information to help readers understand where the law comes from. Moses first told the Israelites the law in [Exodus 20-24](Exo/20/01.md) on Mount Sinai, after the Israelites left Egypt. Moses is repeating that same law in his speech here. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information.
|
||||
4:45 yxek rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure הָֽעֵדֹ֔ת וְהַֽחֻקִּ֖ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים 1 The terms **testimonies**, **statutes**, and **judgments** mean similar things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a general term to represent all three words. See chapter introduction for more information. Alternate translation: “are the laws”
|
||||
4:45 yxek rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הָֽעֵדֹ֔ת וְהַֽחֻקִּ֖ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים 1 The terms **testimonies**, **statutes**, and **judgments** mean similar things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a general term to represent all three words. See chapter introduction for more information. Alternate translation: “are the laws”
|
||||
4:45 sntd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” Moses is identifying the Israelites as descendants of their ancestor Jacob, who was also known as Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
|
||||
4:46 blvj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן 1 As Moses is repeating the law to the Israelites, they are camping on the east of the Jordan River. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “when the Israelites are camping east of the Jordan”
|
||||
4:46 blvj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן 1 As Moses is repeating the law to the Israelites, they are camping on the east side of the Jordan River. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “when the Israelites are camping east of the Jordan”
|
||||
4:46 zf9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בֵּ֣ית פְּע֔וֹר 1 The term **Beth Peor** is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. See how you translated this in [3:29](../03/29.md).
|
||||
4:46 c8za rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן 1 The word **Heshbon** is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [1:4](../01/04.md).
|
||||
4:46 rpq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 Here, **sons** means “descendants.” Moses is identifying the Israelites as descendants of their ancestor Jacob, who was also known as Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel”
|
||||
|
|
@ -619,12 +619,12 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
4:47 ya36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אַרְצ֜וֹ 1 The pronoun **his** refers to King Sihon. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use the person's name here. Alternate translation: “King Sihon’s land”
|
||||
4:47 t6wp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִזְרַ֖ח שָֽׁמֶשׁ 1 Here, **the rising of the sun** is an idiom that means “east.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “toward the east”
|
||||
4:48 kwj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names מֵעֲרֹעֵ֞ר 1 The word **Aroer** is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [2:36](../02/36.md).
|
||||
4:48 brkt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׂפַת 1 Here, **lip** is means “edge.” In this case, **lip** specifically refers to the bank of a dry riverbed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the edge of”
|
||||
4:48 brkt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שְׂפַת 1 Here, **the lip** means “the edge.” In this case, **lip** specifically refers to the bank of a dry riverbed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the edge of”
|
||||
4:48 n3ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names נַ֧חַל אַרְנֹ֛ן 1 The term **the Valley of Arnon** is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2:24](../02/24.md).
|
||||
4:48 vyn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names שִׂיאֹ֖ן & חֶרְמֽוֹן 1 The words **Sion** and **Hermon** are different names for the same mountain. The word **Sion** is another spelling of “Sirion” ([3:9](../03/09.md)). You could keep the same spelling for both occurrences if it would be clearer for your readers. For **Hermon**, see how you translated it in [3:8](../03/08.md).
|
||||
4:48 vyn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names שִׂיאֹ֖ן & חֶרְמֽוֹן 1 The words **Sion** and **Hermon** are different names for the same mountain. The word **Sion** is another spelling of “Sirion” ([3:9](../03/09.md)). You could keep the same spelling for both occurrences if it would be clearer for your readers. For **Hermon**, see how you translated that name in [3:8](../03/08.md).
|
||||
4:49 l26x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תַּ֖חַת אַשְׁדֹּ֥ת 1 The phrase **under the slopes of** means “at the base of” when referring to a mountain. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. See how you translated this in [3:17](../03/17.md).
|
||||
4:49 x6zf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names הַפִּסְגָּֽה 1 The word **Pisgah** is the name of a mountain. See how you translated it in [3:17](../03/17.md).
|
||||
5:intro xsp1 0 # Deuteronomy 5 General Notes\n\n## Outline\n- vv.1-4: Moses reminds the Israelites that Yahweh made a covenant with them on Mount Sina\n- vv. 5-21: Moses repeats the Ten Commandments\n- vv. 22-33: Moses reminds the Israelites that he spoke to Yahweh on their behalf because they feared Yahweh\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each of the commandments in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7–21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT uses a separate paragraph for each commandment.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Ten Commandments\n\nThis chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandments.\n\n## Other Translation Issues\n\n### Metaphors and idioms\n\nMoses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])\n\n\n### Second person pronouns\n\nWhen Moses speaks to the Israelites, he uses the second person plural “you.” When Yahweh tells his law to Moses, he uses the second person singular “you,” because Yahweh is directly addressing Moses. The law is for all of the Israelites, so if it would be helpful for your readers, you could use the plural forms of the pronoun in the law.\n\n\n### You Shall\nIn the Ten Commandments, Yahweh uses the form “you shall” to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
|
||||
5:intro xsp1 0 # Deuteronomy 5 General Notes\n\n## Outline\n- vv.1-4: Moses reminds the Israelites that Yahweh made a covenant with them on Mount Sina\n- vv. 5-21: Moses repeats the Ten Commandments\n- vv. 22-33: Moses reminds the Israelites that he spoke to Yahweh on their behalf because they feared Yahweh\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nSome translations set each of the commandments in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7–21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT uses a separate paragraph for each commandment.\n\n## Special Concepts in this Chapter\n\n### Ten Commandments\n\nThis chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. That material is known as the Ten Commandments.\n\n## Other Translation Issues\n\n### Metaphors and idioms\n\nMoses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])\n\n\n### Second-person pronouns\n\nWhen Moses speaks to the Israelites, he uses the second-person plural “you.” When Yahweh tells his law to Moses, he uses the second-person singular “you” because Yahweh is directly addressing Moses. The law is for all of the Israelites, so if it would be helpful for your readers, you could use the plural forms of the pronoun in the law.\n\n\n### You Shall\nIn the Ten Commandments, Yahweh uses the form “you shall” to give commands. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative]])
|
||||
5:1 zd9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַיִּקְרָ֣א מֹשֶׁה֮ אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ 1 Here the word **called** means “summoned.” The writer is speaking as if calling someone is the same as summoning them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Then Moses commanded all Israel to come”
|
||||
5:1 kvw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ & יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 Here **Israel** refers to all the Israelites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “the Israelites … Israelites”
|
||||
5:1 d5qb rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וַיֹּ֣אמֶר 1 Here, the phrase **and said** introduces direct speech. Moses is beginning his second speech to the Israelites. Consider natural ways of doing that in your own language.
|
||||
|
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@ -633,14 +633,14 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
5:2 gqfi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ כָּרַ֥ת עִמָּ֛נוּ בְּרִ֖ית בְּחֹרֵֽב 1 Moses is referring to the events of [Exodus 19-24](Exo/19/01.md), when Moses told the Israelites what Yahweh had commanded them and the Israelites agreed to obey. In return, Yahweh would have a special relationship with the Israelites. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers.
|
||||
5:2 lhkx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כָּרַ֥ת עִמָּ֛נוּ בְּרִ֖ית 1 To **cut a covenant** means to make a covenant. The phrase refers to ancient rituals around making covenants, illustrated in [Genesis 15](Gen/15/01.md). See the imagery and how you translated the term there. Alternate translation: “made a covenant with us”
|
||||
5:3 so4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לֹ֣א אֶת־אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ כָּרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֑את 1 Moses means that the covenant was not only for the ancestors of the Israelites, but for the current generation also. He does not mean that their ancestors did not make a covenant with Yahweh. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh cut this covenant not only with our fathers”
|
||||
5:3 hf3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ 1 Here **fathers** could mean: (1) the parents of the living Israelites who made a covenant with Yahweh at Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “with our parents” (2) the ancestors of the Israelites such as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob who made a covenant with Yahweh. Alternate translation: “with our forefathers”
|
||||
5:3 hf3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ 1 Here **fathers** could mean: (1) the parents of the living Israelites, who made a covenant with Yahweh at Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “with our parents” (2) the ancestors of the Israelites such as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who made a covenant with Yahweh. Alternate translation: “with our forefathers”
|
||||
5:3 g39m rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast כִּ֣י 1 The word translated as **but** marks a strong contrast with the previous clause. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “but, in fact,”
|
||||
5:3 thc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אֲנַ֨חְנוּ אֵ֥לֶּה פֹ֛ה הַיּ֖וֹם כֻּלָּ֥נוּ חַיִּֽים 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “those of us here today, indeed, all who are living”
|
||||
5:4 n291 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פָּנִ֣ים ׀ בְּפָנִ֗ים דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה עִמָּכֶ֛ם בָּהָ֖ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ 1 Moses is referring to the events of [Exodus 19](Exo/19/01.md) when Yahweh spoke from Mount Sinai from a fire. The Israelite people were afraid of Yahweh and stood far away.
|
||||
5:4 n291 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פָּנִ֣ים ׀ בְּפָנִ֗ים דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה עִמָּכֶ֛ם בָּהָ֖ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ 1 Moses is referring to the events of [Exodus 19](Exo/19/01.md), when Yahweh spoke from Mount Sinai from a fire. The Israelite people were afraid of Yahweh and stood far away.
|
||||
5:4 h6t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy פָּנִ֣ים ׀ בְּפָנִ֗ים 1 Here, **face** represents someone’s presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your presence”
|
||||
5:4 qpnd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish פָּנִ֣ים ׀ בְּפָנִ֗ים 1 This does not mean that the Israelites and their ancestors physically saw the **face** of Yahweh. [4:15](../04/15.md) states that the Israelites only heard Yahweh’s voice but did not see him. Moses means that the Israelites physically and personally heard the voice of Yahweh’s voice. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “personally”
|
||||
5:5 b7in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בֵּין & וּבֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ 1 Here, the text repeats the word “between” to describe how Moses spoke to Yahweh on behalf of the Israelites while they stood far away. If it is unnatural in your language to repeat a preposition, you could use a form that identifies physical distance between people. Alternate translation: “between … and you”
|
||||
5:5 n0gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְהַגִּ֥יד 1 Here, the word **to** marks “revealing the word of Yahweh” as the goal or purpose of Moses standing between Yahweh and the Israelites. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
|
||||
5:5 n0gc rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְהַגִּ֥יד 1 Here, the word **to** marks “reveal to you the word of Yahweh” as the goal or purpose of Moses standing between Yahweh and the Israelites. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
|
||||
5:5 c0kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה 1 Here, **word** represents everything that Yahweh said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh told me to tell you”
|
||||
5:5 ia47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because”
|
||||
5:5 l82u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵ֣י 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “of the presence of”
|
||||
|
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@ -650,38 +650,38 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
|||
5:6 fbu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים 1 Yahweh speaks of Egypt as if it were a **house** where people keep slaves. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](Exo/13/03.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from the place where you were slaves”
|
||||
5:6 fpyz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֲבָדִֽים 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **slavery**, you can express the idea behind **slavery** in another way. Alternative translation: “forced labor”
|
||||
5:7 pa85 0 Alternate translation: “You must not worship any other gods besides me”
|
||||
5:7 f42x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative לֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ 1 Yahweh is using the form **shall** to give an instruction or command here and in the rest of the Ten Commandments. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. See Chapter Introduction for more information. Alternate translation: “Do not have”
|
||||
5:7 f42x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative לֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ 1 Yahweh is using the form **shall** to give an instruction or command here and in the rest of the Ten Commandments. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. See the Chapter Introduction for more information. Alternate translation: “Do not have”
|
||||
5:7 y3yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־פָּנָֽיַ 1 Here, **face** represents the presence of Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “besides me”
|
||||
5:8 nzor rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns כָּל־תְּמוּנָ֔ה 1 \nIf your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **likeness**, you can express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “anything looking like something”
|
||||
5:8 bs7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism בַּשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ מִמַּ֔עַל וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּמַּ֖יִם מִתַּ֥חַת לָאָֽרֶץ 1 \n\nThis list refers to anything in the universe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “is in the universe”
|
||||
5:9 sxf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לָהֶ֖ם 1 Here, the pronoun **them** refers to carved figures or idols.
|
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5:9 a6ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פֹּ֠קֵד עֲוֺ֨ן 1 The implication is that Yahweh will visit, or **extend** the punishment for **iniquity** of one generation onto future generations. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I punish the iniquity of”
|
||||
5:9 a6ef rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit פֹּ֠קֵד עֲוֺ֨ן 1 The implication is that Yahweh will **visit** or extend the punishment for the **iniquity** of one generation onto future generations. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I put the punishment for the iniquity of”
|
||||
5:9 qj4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations אָב֧וֹת עַל־בָּנִ֛ים 1 Although the terms **fathers** and **sons** are masculine, Yahweh is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “parents on the children”
|
||||
5:9 fsfp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis עַל־בָּנִ֛ים וְעַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Here, **generation** is implied by **sons**, therefore **third** and **fourth** refers to the grandchildren and great-grandchildren. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “the sons down to the third and fourth generations”
|
||||
5:9 fsfp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis עַל־בָּנִ֛ים וְעַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Here, **generation** is implied by **sons**, therefore **third** and **fourth** refers to the grandchildren and great-grandchildren. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “on the sons down to the third and fourth generations of”
|
||||
5:9 d9fs rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וְעַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “and on generations 3 and 4 of”
|
||||
5:10 zxf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְעֹ֥שֶׂה חֶ֖סֶד לַֽאֲלָפִ֑ים לְאֹהֲבַ֖י וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י מִצְוֹתָֽי׃ס 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “But I faithfully love the thousands who love me and who keep my commandments”
|
||||
5:10 zxf7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְעֹ֥שֶׂה חֶ֖סֶד לַֽאֲלָפִ֑ים לְאֹהֲבַ֖י וּלְשֹׁמְרֵ֥י מִצְוֹתָֽי׃ס 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with the words “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “But I faithfully love the thousands who are lovers of me and keepers of my commandments.”
|
||||
5:10 rq8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לַֽאֲלָפִ֑ים 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. “Generations” is implied by the previous verse. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to a thousand generations”
|
||||
5:10 xq3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לַֽאֲלָפִ֑ים 1 Here, **thousands** could mean: (1) “forever,” that is, “to all descendants forever.” Alternate translation: “for every generation” (2) a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever to innumerable people who love me”
|
||||
5:10 xq3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לַֽאֲלָפִ֑ים 1 Here, **thousands** could mean: (1) “forever,” that is, “to all descendants forever.” Alternate translation: “to every generation” (2) a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “to innumerable people”
|
||||
5:11 kd28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֛א & אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׂ֥א 1 Here **lift up** means “use” or “say.” This includes invoking Yahweh’s name, making a claim to him, attempting to manipulate him, or misrepresenting him. A broad word should be used in translation of this term. Alternate translation: “Do not use … he who uses”
|
||||
5:11 uv88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַשָּׁ֑וְא & לַשָּֽׁוְא 1 Here **with emptiness** means “carelessly” or “without proper respect.” Yahweh is speaking of his name as if it were a physical object that could be emptied of substance. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “carelessly”
|
||||
5:11 in6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative **unpunished**. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will certainly treat as guilty”
|
||||
5:11 uv88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַשָּׁ֑וְא & לַשָּֽׁוְא 1 Here, **with emptiness** means “carelessly” or “without proper respect.” Yahweh is speaking of his name as if it were a physical object that could be emptied of substance. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “carelessly”
|
||||
5:11 in6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative **leave unpunished**. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will certainly treat as guilty”
|
||||
5:13 p3yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ 1 The implication is that the Israelites do **work** for six days, including any responsibilities, jobs, or duties that are required in daily life. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “your labor” or “your tasks”
|
||||
5:14 cx31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal וְי֨וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י 1 If your language does not use ordinal numbers, you can use cardinal numbers here. Alternate translation: “but day seven” or “but day 7”
|
||||
5:14 po5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ 1 Here, **gates** represents the border of a town or city. Anyone who was inside the gates was part of the community. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “is within your community”
|
||||
5:15 x69h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וְזָכַרְתָּ֗ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And remember”
|
||||
5:15 ls4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָ֖ה וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑ה 1 The terms **mighty hand** and **outstretched arm** mean similar things. Moses is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “and by very great power”
|
||||
5:15 n9t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָ֖ה 1 Here the word **hand** represents God’s power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by mighty power”
|
||||
5:15 knso rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑ה 1 Here, **arm** refers to Yahweh’s power. Moses speaks of stretching out an **arm** as if it was using power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by great strength”
|
||||
5:15 n9t4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָ֖ה 1 Here the word **hand** represents God’s power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by a mighty power”
|
||||
5:15 knso rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑ה 1 Here, **arm** refers to Yahweh’s power. Moses speaks of stretching out an **arm** as if it were using power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and by great strength”
|
||||
5:15 fpf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result עַל־כֵּ֗ן 1 The words translated as **Therefore** indicate that what follows is a result of what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. Alternate translation: “As a result,”
|
||||
5:16 g54g rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal כַּבֵּ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֨יךָ֙ וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן ׀ יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ וּלְמַ֨עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ 1 Here, **so that** marks **you may prolong your days** and **it may go well with you** as the goal or purpose of **Honor your father and your mother**. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
|
||||
5:16 hu7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ 1 If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will **prolong the days** when they live on the land. Moses is speaking of time as if it were something over which man could exercise control, to **prolong** it. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “you will live for many generations”
|
||||
5:17 x2en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לֹ֖א תִּרְצָֽח 1 Here, **murder** does not mean all kinds of killing, which would imply that killing in war, accidental killing, and execution were also sinful acts. Alternate Translation: "Do not commit an unlawful, premeditated killing"
|
||||
5:16 hu7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יַאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ 1 If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will **prolong the days** that they live on the land. Moses is speaking of time as if it were something over which man could exercise control, to **prolong** it. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. Alternate translation: “you may live for many generations”
|
||||
5:17 x2en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish לֹ֖א תִּרְצָֽח 1 Here, **murder** does not mean all kinds of killing, which would imply that killing in war, accidental killing, and execution were also sinful acts. Alternate translation: "Do not commit an unlawful, premeditated killing"
|
||||
5:18 lke6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹ֖א תִּנְאָֽף 1 Alternate translation: “And do not have sexual relations with anyone other than your spouse”
|
||||
5:20 vp3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁוְא 1 The implication is that the **testimony** would be given in court or before a judge. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And do not lie in court”
|
||||
5:20 vp3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁוְא 1 The implication is that the **testimony** would be given in court or before a judge. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “And do not lie as you testify”
|
||||
5:20 p6zg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ 1 Here, **neighbor** means “fellow Israelite.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “against your fellow Israelite”
|
||||
5:21 msw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְלֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד & וְלֹ֨א תִתְאַוֶּ֜ה 1 Here, **desire** and **covet** mean “strongly desire what someone else has.” The words translated as **desire** and **covet** have similar meanings. You could translate these words with the same term if your language does not have multiple ways of expressing this idea. Alternate translation: “Do not strongly want to have … and do not want to take”
|
||||
5:21 a80l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רֵעֶ֑ךָ & רֵעֶ֗ךָ & לְרֵעֶֽךָ 1 Here, **neighbor** means “fellow Israelite.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your fellow Israelite … your fellow Israelite … is of your fellow Israelite”
|
||||
5:21 sqc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְרֵעֶֽךָ 1 Here, Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **anything** that is a material possession that belongs to **your neighbor**. If it would be helpful for your readers, use an expression that the possessions that someone owns. Alternate translation: “and any possession that belongs to your neighbor”
|
||||
5:21 sqc4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְרֵעֶֽךָ 1 Here, Yahweh is using the possessive form to describe **anything** that is a material possession that belongs to **your neighbor**. If it would be helpful for your readers, use an expression for the possessions that someone else owns. Alternate translation: “and any possession that belongs to your neighbor”
|
||||
5:22 c5s9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ק֥וֹל גָּד֖וֹל 1 The implication is that the voice of Yahweh was very loud. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “loudly”
|
||||
5:22 yl0m rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns קְהַלְכֶ֜ם 1 The pronoun **your** refers to all the Israelites who were present at Mount Sinai when Yahweh gave the law to Moses. If this is not clear for your readers, you could clarify who **your** refers to. Alternate translation: “the assembly of Israelites”
|
||||
5:23 vkg3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent וַיְהִ֗י 1 Moses is using the word translated **And it happened** to introduce a new event in the story. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for introducing a new event. Alternate translation: “And then” or "At that time"
|
||||
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@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
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5:25 zra9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וְעַתָּה֙ לָ֣מָּה נָמ֔וּת 1 The Israelite leaders are using the question form to express their fears that they would die if Yahweh spoke to them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “And we do not want to die.”
|
||||
5:25 ty2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical כִּ֣י תֹֽאכְלֵ֔נוּ הָאֵ֥שׁ הַגְּדֹלָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את אִם־יֹסְפִ֣ים ׀ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ לִ֠שְׁמֹעַ אֶת־ק֨וֹל יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ ע֖וֹד וָמָֽתְנוּ 1 The Israelite leaders are suggesting that this is a hypothetical condition, that they will only **die** if they **continue to hear the voice of Yahweh**. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that this might happen: this great fire might consume us if we continue anymore to hear the voice of Yahweh our God, and we could die”
|
||||
5:26 qk3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion כִּ֣י מִ֣י כָל־בָּשָׂ֡ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע קוֹל֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים חַיִּ֜ים מְדַבֵּ֧ר מִתּוֹךְ־הָאֵ֛שׁ כָּמֹ֖נוּ וַיֶּֽחִי 1 The Israelite leaders are using the question form to explain why they are very afraid. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “No flesh has heard the voice of the living God speak from the midst of the fire like us and has lived.”
|
||||
5:26 z4hp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish כִּ֣י מִ֣י כָל־בָּשָׂ֡ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע קוֹל֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים חַיִּ֜ים מְדַבֵּ֧ר מִתּוֹךְ־הָאֵ֛שׁ כָּמֹ֖נוּ וַיֶּֽחִי 1 This verse does not contradict [verse 24](../05/24.md). The Israelite leaders mean that, while they have heard God speak and have lived, it is a rare occurrence that they do not believe will happen again. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation.
|
||||
5:26 z4hp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish כִּ֣י מִ֣י כָל־בָּשָׂ֡ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע קוֹל֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים חַיִּ֜ים מְדַבֵּ֧ר מִתּוֹךְ־הָאֵ֛שׁ כָּמֹ֖נוּ וַיֶּֽחִי 1 This verse does not contradict [verse 24](../05/24.md). The Israelite leaders mean that, while they have heard God speak and have lived, it is a rare occurrence, one which they do not believe will happen again. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation.
|
||||
5:26 sdf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בָּשָׂ֡ר 1 The Israelite leaders are using **flesh** to represent humans. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “humankind”\n
|
||||
5:26 tp48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy קוֹל֩ 1 Here, **voice** represents the sound of someone speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the sound of the words of”
|
||||
5:26 pj1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֱלֹהִ֨ים חַיִּ֜ים 1 The implication is that only Yahweh is a **living God** and can cause people to die, in contrast with idols who are not living and cannot cause real harm to people. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “the only living God”
|
||||
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|
@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
|
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5:30 z5a5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes לֵ֖ךְ אֱמֹ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם שׁ֥וּבוּ לָכֶ֖ם לְאָהֳלֵיכֶֽם׃ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation, as in the UST.
|
||||
5:30 f2ku rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo שׁ֥וּבוּ לָכֶ֖ם 1 The expression **Return yourselves** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “Return”
|
||||
5:31 bn9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְאַתָּ֗ה 1 Yahweh uses the words **But you** here to indicate a strong contrast between what Moses and the rest of the Israelites will do. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “As for you”
|
||||
5:31 q7e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish עִמָּדִי֒ 1 This does not mean that Yahweh had a physical body which was present at Mount Sinai. Yahweh means that Moses should stand near the fire and clouds where Yahweh’s voice came from. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “by the fire where my voice comes from”
|
||||
5:31 q7e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish עִמָּדִי֒ 1 This does not mean that Yahweh had a physical body, which was present at Mount Sinai. Yahweh means that Moses should stand near the fire and clouds where Yahweh’s voice came from. Be sure that this distinction is clear in your translation. Alternate translation: “by the fire where my voice comes from”
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5:31 odqo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet הַמִּצְוָ֛ה וְהַחֻקִּ֥ים 1 The terms **commandments** and **statutes** mean similar things. Yahweh is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the very important commandments”
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5:31 dlcu rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns הַמִּצְוָ֛ה 1 In this verse, the word **commandment** is singular in form, but it refers to all Yahweh’s commandments as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “the commandments”
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5:31 e1i9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative אֲשֶׁ֣ר תְּלַמְּדֵ֑ם 1 Yahweh is using a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Teach them”
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@ -717,12 +717,12 @@ front:intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy\n\n## Part 1: General Introd
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5:31 hq4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo בָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ 1 The expression **the land that I am giving to them to possess it** contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in some languages. If this is true of your language, you could shorten the expression. Alternate translation: “in the land that I am giving to them”
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5:32 kyg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם אֶתְכֶ֑ם לֹ֥א תָסֻ֖רוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאל׃ 1 Moses has finished quoting what Yahweh said. This verse continues Moses’ speech to the Israelites. Consider natural ways of reintroducing a speaker of direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Moses said to the Israelites,”
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5:32 weq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “And keep them”
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5:32 sqy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹ֥א תָסֻ֖רוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאל 1 Here, **turn aside right nor left** is an idiom that means “disobey.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not get off track” or “Do not disobey”
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5:33 ype4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהַאֲרַכְתֶּ֣ם יָמִ֔ים 1 Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:40](../04/40.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time”
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5:32 sqy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לֹ֥א תָסֻ֖רוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאל 1 Here, **turn aside, right nor left** is an idiom that means “disobey.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not get off track” or “Do not disobey”
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5:33 ype4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהַאֲרַכְתֶּ֣ם יָמִ֔ים 1 The expression "long **days**" is a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:40](../04/40.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time”
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5:33 mteg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֜ה יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם אֶתְכֶ֖ם תֵּלֵ֑כוּ 1 Here Moses is speaking of commandments as if they were a road and as if obeying commandments was like walking on the road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “All the commandments that Yahweh your God has commanded you, you shall obey”
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5:33 geoj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֵּלֵ֑כוּ 1 Moses is using the form **you shall** to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “walk”
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5:33 sc79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֤עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks the benefits of living a good, long life as the goal or purpose of obeying Yahweh. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose.
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5:33 gk5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהַאֲרַכְתֶּ֣ם יָמִ֔ים בָּאָ֖רֶץ 1 The implication is that, if the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will **prolong** the **days** when they live **in the land**. Moses is speaking of time as if it was an experience that one could **prolong**. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. See how you translated this concept in [4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “and for many generations you might live in the land" \n\n
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5:33 sc79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֤עַן 1 Here, **so that** marks the benefits of living a good, long life as the goal or purpose of obeying Yahweh. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. Alternate translation: “in such a way that”
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5:33 gk5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְהַאֲרַכְתֶּ֣ם יָמִ֔ים בָּאָ֖רֶץ 1 The implication is that if the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will **prolong** the **days** when they live **in the land**. Moses is speaking of time as if it were an experience that one could **prolong**. You could include this information if it would be helpful for your readers. See how you translated this concept in [4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “and for many generations you might live in the land" \n\n
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6:intro q4y8 0 # Deuteronomy 6 General Notes\n\n## Outline\n- vv. 1-9: The great commandment\n- vv. 6-25: Warnings against disobedience\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s blessings\nYahweh’s continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people’s obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n\n### The Shema\nVerses 6-9 are known as The Shema in Judaism. They are an important foundation of Judaism. Jesus identifies the Shema as the greatest commandment in [Mark 12:28-29](Mrk/12/28.md).\n\n## Other Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Metaphors\n\nThere are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])\n\n### Words for the Law\n- statutes\n- ordinances\n- judgments\nMoses uses different words to refer to the law that Yahweh commanded the Israelites. It is unclear what the differences are between these terms. If your language has different terms for the law, you could use them here to differentiate between the different Hebrew words. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])\n\n### Pronouns\n\nMoses is speaking to the Israelites who are alive. The pronoun **you** and **your** are singular here unless otherwise noted. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]])
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6:1 it53 הַמִּצְוָ֗ה הַֽחֻקִּים֙ וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים 1 See how you translated these terms for the law in [5:31](../05/31.md).
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6:1 h4en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youplural אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם & אֶתְכֶ֑ם & אַתֶּ֛ם 1 The pronouns **you** and **your** are plural in this verse. Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
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Reference in New Issue